U.S. patent application number 12/162254 was filed with the patent office on 2008-12-25 for drying apparatus comprising a filter.
This patent application is currently assigned to Dyson Technology Limited. Invention is credited to Nathan Charles Brown, Toby James Saville.
Application Number | 20080317448 12/162254 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36100887 |
Filed Date | 2008-12-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080317448 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Brown; Nathan Charles ; et
al. |
December 25, 2008 |
Drying Apparatus Comprising a Filter
Abstract
A drying apparatus includes an outer case, a portion of the
outer case defining a cavity in which articles can be dried, an
outlet disposed at the lower end of the cavity and a filter unit
arranged downstream of the outlet, wherein the filter unit includes
a particulate filter and a sterilising filter. By providing this
filter unit including both a particulate filter and a sterilising
filter, solid matter and bacteria can be removed from the waste
liquid. This results in a hygienic and sanitary waste liquid output
from the filter unit.
Inventors: |
Brown; Nathan Charles;
(Wiltshire, GB) ; Saville; Toby James;
(Gloucestershire, GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MORRISON & FOERSTER LLP
1650 TYSONS BOULEVARD, SUITE 400
MCLEAN
VA
22102
US
|
Assignee: |
Dyson Technology Limited
Malmesbury
GB
|
Family ID: |
36100887 |
Appl. No.: |
12/162254 |
Filed: |
December 12, 2006 |
PCT Filed: |
December 12, 2006 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/GB06/04681 |
371 Date: |
July 25, 2008 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
392/380 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47K 10/48 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
392/380 |
International
Class: |
A47K 10/48 20060101
A47K010/48 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Feb 2, 2006 |
GB |
0602075.4 |
Claims
1. A drying apparatus comprising an outer case, a portion of the
outer case defining a cavity in which articles can be dried, an
outlet disposed at the lower end of the cavity and a filter unit
arranged downstream of the outlet, wherein the filter unit
comprises a particulate filter and a sterilising filter.
2. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
sterilising filter is located downstream of the particulate
filter.
3. The drying apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the
filter unit further comprises a filter inlet, a filter outlet and a
sump having a maximum level of liquid.
4. The drying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the
sterilising filter is located in the sump.
5. The drying apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the
sterilising filter is located below the maximum level of
liquid.
6. The drying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the
particulate filter is located in the sump.
7. The drying apparatus according to claim 6, wherein the
particulate filter is located below the maximum level of
liquid.
8. The drying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the filter
outlet includes a portion which determines the maximum level of
liquid.
9. The drying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the filter
unit further comprises a flow directing guide guiding liquid
through the filter unit.
10. The drying apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the flow
directing guide comprises a partition for guiding liquid through
the filter unit.
11. The drying apparatus according to claim 10, wherein the
partition defines a convoluted path from the filter inlet to the
filter outlet.
12. The drying apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a part of
the partition located within the sump is arranged to guide the
liquid along a U-shaped path.
13. The drying apparatus according to claim 9, wherein the
partition is arranged to separate at least a part of the
sterilising filter.
14. The drying apparatus according to claim 3, wherein the
sterilising filter comprises a material including an anti-bacterial
agent.
15. The drying apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the
material is a resin.
16. The drying apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the resin
comprises particles having a dimension of at least 0.1 mm.
17. The drying apparatus according to claim 15, wherein the resin
comprises particles having a dimension no more than 2 mm.
18. The drying apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the
anti-bacterial agent comprises a halogen-containing material or a
precursor to a halogen-containing material.
19. The drying apparatus according to claim 18, wherein the
halogen-containing material includes a component selected from the
group consisting of Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Hypochlorite and
Hypobromide.
20. The drying apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the resin
is arranged to release the anti-bacterial agent into the liquid at
a concentration of at least 1 ppm.
21. The drying apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the resin
is arranged to release the anti-bacterial agent into the liquid at
a concentration no greater than 5 ppm.
22. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the
particulate filter comprises a layer of beads.
23. The drying apparatus according to claim 22, wherein the
diameter of the beads is at least 1 mm.
24. The drying apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the
diameter of the beads is no more than 6 mm.
25. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the filter
unit forms part of a liquid treatment module which is removable
from the drying apparatus.
26. The drying apparatus according to claim 25, wherein the liquid
treatment module further comprises a liquid dispersal unit
including a collector located downstream of the filter unit and an
evaporation unit in communication with the collector for
evaporating liquid collected therein.
27. The drying apparatus according to claim 26, wherein the
evaporation unit is a high frequency agitator.
28. The drying apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the drying
apparatus is a hand dryer and the cavity is dimensioned to receive
a user's hands.
29. (canceled)
Description
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a national stage application under 35
USC 371 of International Application No. PCT/GB06/004681, filed
Dec. 14, 2006, which claims the priority of United Kingdom
Application No. 0602075.4, filed Feb. 2, 2006, the contents of both
of which prior applications are incorporated herein by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to drying apparatus.
Particularly, the invention relates to drying apparatus including a
filter unit for removing particulates and bacteria from a waste
liquid such as water.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Conventional arrangements for collecting and removing waste
water from drying apparatus such as hand dryers are well known
from, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,459,944. Waste water is
collected via a duct or similar and transferred to a drip collector
for subsequent manual removal. Such storage of waste water is
unhygienic, may lead to the spread of bacteria and requires regular
maintenance to empty the drip collector and maintain a sanitary
environment.
[0004] The addition of an antibacterial water absorption sheet with
a large surface area to encourage evaporation is known from JP
11-18999 A. This counters some of the problems of bacterial
infestation and results in less frequent emptying of a water
collector. However, particulate matter will be deposited on the
sheet, and this will affect the performance of the machine over
time and require frequent cleaning.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] It is an object of the present invention to provide drying
apparatus which is capable of filtering and sterilising liquid more
efficiently and reliably than prior art apparatus.
[0006] The invention provides drying apparatus comprising an outer
case, a portion of the outer case defining a cavity in which
articles can be dried, an outlet disposed at the lower end of the
cavity and a filter unit arranged downstream of the outlet, wherein
the filter unit comprises a particulate filter and a sterilising
filter. By providing a filter unit comprising a particulate filter
and a sterilising filter, solid matter and bacteria can be removed
from the waste liquid. This results in a hygienic and sanitary
waste liquid output from the filter unit.
[0007] Preferably, the sterilising filter is located downstream of
the particulate filter. By this arrangement, the particulate filter
can remove some solid material and larger particulates from the
waste liquid to prevent the sterilising filter from clogging.
[0008] Preferably, the filter unit further comprises flow directing
means for guiding liquid through the filter unit. By providing flow
directing means, the liquid can be directed to flow through the
sterilising filter. The flow directing means allow efficient use of
the sterilising filter ensuring that the water leaving the filter
unit has been sufficiently treated.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0009] An embodiment of the invention will now be described with
reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0010] FIG. 1a is a perspective view of a hand dryer according to
the present invention;
[0011] FIG. 1b is a side view of the hand dryer of FIG. 1a;
[0012] FIG. 2 is a section through the hand dryer of FIG. 1a
showing a filter unit;
[0013] FIG. 3 is an enlarged version of part of FIG. 2 showing the
internal workings of the hand dryer and the filter unit in greater
detail;
[0014] FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a liquid treatment module
including the filter unit removed from the hand dryer of FIG.
1a;
[0015] FIG. 5a is perspective view from above of the hand dryer of
FIG. 1a showing the liquid treatment module partially removed from
the hand dryer; and
[0016] FIG. 5b is a perspective view from below of the hand dryer
of FIG. 1a showing the liquid treatment module partially removed
from the hand dryer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] FIGS. 1a and 1b show a hand dryer 10 according to the
present invention. The hand dryer 10 includes an outer case 12, a
front wall 14a, a rear wall 14b, two side walls 14c, 14d and a
cavity 16. The rear wall 14b may include elements suitable for
attaching the hand dryer 10 to a wall surface or other suitable
fixture. Elements for connecting the hand dryer 10 to a power
source may also be included.
[0018] The cavity 16 is defined by opposing arcuate front and rear
walls 16a, 16b. The cavity 16 is open at its upper end 18, and the
dimensions of the opening are sufficient to allow a user's hands
(not shown) to be inserted easily into the cavity 16 for drying. A
high-speed airflow is generated by a motor unit having a fan (not
shown). The motor unit and fan are located inside the outer case
12. The high-speed airflow is expelled through two slot-like
openings 20 disposed at the upper end 18 of the cavity 16 to dry
the user's hands. These features are not material to the present
invention and will not be described any further here. The cavity 16
is open at the sides as can be seen in FIGS. 1a and 1b.
[0019] As can be seen from FIG. 2, a drain channel 22 is located at
the lower end 24 of the cavity 16. The drain channel 22 is
delimited by the lower edges of the front wall 16a and the rear
wall 16b of the cavity 16 and slopes downwardly towards one side of
the cavity 16. An outlet 26 is located in the drain channel 22. The
outlet 26 can take any suitable form. In this embodiment, it
comprises a circular aperture with a central plug 26a. The outlet
26 and plug 26a delimit a narrow, annular opening.
[0020] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a chamber 40 is formed in a
lower part of the outer case 12 below the cavity 16. The chamber 40
is delimited by a plurality of chamber walls 40a and has an open
lower end. A liquid treatment module 30 is located in the chamber
40 and is held in place by clips, quarter turn fastenings or other
fastening means (not shown).
[0021] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4, the liquid treatment module 30
includes a filter unit 200. The filter unit 200 is designed to
filter particulates and impurities from the water, and to kill
bacteria in the water. A filter inlet 202 is located at the upper
end of the filter unit 200 and communicates with the outlet 26. A
sump 204 is located downstream of the filter inlet 202. The sump
204 has a base 204a. A wall 206 of the sump forms a weir 206a. The
height of the weir 206a determines the maximum level of liquid that
can be contained within the sump 204. A filter outlet 208 is
delimited by the weir 206a, the wall 206 of the sump 204 and the
outer walls 210 of the filter unit 200. The filter outlet 208
provides an outlet for water flowing over the weir 206a.
[0022] A partition 212 extends from the upper portion of the filter
unit 200 adjacent the filter inlet 202 into the sump 204. The
partition 212 extends partially into the sump 204 such that the
distal end 212a of the partition 212 is spaced from the base 204a
of the sump 204. The partition 212 is arranged such that the volume
of a first region 204b of the sump 204 beneath the filter inlet 202
is greater than a second region 204c of the sump 204 adjacent the
weir 206a.
[0023] A sterilising filter 214 is located at the base 204a of the
sump 204. The sterilising filter 214 consists of particles of an
iodine-loaded resin. The resin is loaded at a concentration of 500
g/l. In this embodiment, the volume of the sterilising filter 214
is 50 ml. The iodine-loaded resin acts as a sterilising compound to
kill any bacteria present in the water. The particles of the
sterilising filter 214 are substantially spherical and have
dimensions in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm (average particle size 0.8
mm). The sterilising filter 214 is dimensioned such that the distal
end 212a of the partition 212 extends partially into the
sterilising filter 214.
[0024] A particulate filter 216 is located above the sterilising
filter 214 and comprises glass beads with diameters of 4 mm. The
particulate filter 216 is located on top of the sterilising filter
214 in the first region 204b beneath the filter inlet 202 which is
bounded by the partition 212 and the sump 204. The particulate
filter 216 has a volume of 10 ml. Further, the particulate filter
216 operates as a pre-filter, preventing larger particles of solid
matter (in particular soap) from blocking the sterilising filter
214. In order to improve performance, the area of the bed of the
particulate filter 216 and sterilising filter 214 is maximised. A
large bed area reduces the pressure drop across the filters and
increases the resistance of the filters to fouling and becoming
blocked.
[0025] Both the sterilising filter 214 and the particulate filter
216 are located in the sump 204 below the maximum level of liquid
that can be contained in the sump 204. This means that, once the
level of liquid in the sump 204 has reached the maximum,
operational, level, the sterilising filter 214 and the particulate
filter 216 are completely submerged in the water. This is
beneficial because the sterilising filter 214 is prone to cracking
and forming air pockets if it is permitted to dry out once it has
become wetted. By keeping the sterilising filter 214 continuously
wetted, this problem is avoided. In addition, this configuration
ensures that the water flow is well distributed. Further, the
maximum level of liquid should be far enough above particulate
filter 216 to allow the head of water to apply pressure on the bed
of the filters.
[0026] The liquid treatment module 30 further includes a liquid
dispersion unit 35 located below the filter unit 200. The liquid
dispersion unit 35 is arranged to receive water from the filter
outlet 208. An exhaust conduit 37 located within the liquid
dispersion unit 35 provides a communication path from the liquid
dispersion unit 35 to the outside of the outer case 12 of the hand
dryer 10. The liquid dispersion unit 35 further includes a
collector 100 for collecting water from the filter outlet 208. The
collector 100 has a base 100a. A high frequency agitator in the
form of a piezo-electric device 102 is located at the base 100a. A
fan 104 is supported on one of the chamber walls 40a. The fan 104
is located outside the chamber 40 separate from the liquid
treatment module 30. The fan 104 is configured to direct an airflow
into the collector 100 through an aperture 38 provided in the
liquid treatment module 30.
[0027] In use, the water removed from a user's hands during the
drying process flows down the front wall 16a and the rear wall 16b
of the cavity 16 and into the drain channel 22 disposed at the
lower end 24 of the cavity 16. The drain channel 22 collects and
guides the water towards the outlet 26.
[0028] Upon entering the outlet 26, the water passes into the
filter unit 200 through the filter inlet 202 (see arrow A). The
water falls onto the particulate filter 216 (arrow B) and spreads
evenly across the surface of the particulate filter 216. As the
water moves down through the beads of the particulate filter 216
under the influence of gravity, larger particles of dirt and debris
will be left behind in the particulate filter 216. When the water
reaches the sterilising filter 214 (arrow C), the majority of the
solid particulates in the water will have been removed by the
particulate filter 216.
[0029] The sterilising filter 214 sterilises the water by
deactivating bacteria in the water. The iodine-loaded resin
releases iodine into the water at a rate of 1 to 5 parts per
million (ppm). Iodine is a strong oxidant and hence acts as broad
spectrum antimicrobial. The water flows down through the
sterilising filter 214, is sterilised and is then deposited in the
bottom of the sump 204. This process continues and the volume of
water collected in the sump 204 increases until it reaches the
maximum level permitted by the weir 206a. Up until this point, the
water levels either side of the partition 212 experience an equal
force due to atmospheric pressure. However, if more water is
introduced through the filter inlet 202, the increased head of
water in the first region 204b will cause an imbalance in the
forces acting on the water levels either side of the partition 212.
The effect of this is for the mass of the added water to apply a
force downwardly on the water in the sump 204. This causes a net
movement of water in the direction shown by the arrow D. The
partition 212 directs the flow of water down towards the base 204a
of the sump 204, down through a part of the sterilising filter 214
located in the first region 204b of the sump 204, and back up
through another part of the sterilising filter 214 located in the
second region 204c of the sump 204 to the weir 206a. Therefore, the
partition 212 forces the water to follow a convoluted path from the
filter inlet 202 to the weir 206a. In this embodiment, the
convoluted path is in the form of a U-shaped path. If the partition
212 were not present, then water entering the sump 204 would tend
to flow over the weir 206a without passing through the sterilising
filter 214, and sterilisation would not take place.
[0030] The excess water, now sterilised, spills over the weir 206a
(arrow E) and flows down the filter outlet 208. The water collects
at the base 100a of the collector 100 which is in communication
with the piezo-electric device 102. The piezo-electric device 102
is set to oscillate at a pre-determined frequency and magnitude
such that sufficient vibrational energy is imparted to water
molecules on the surface of the water in the collector 100 to
overcome surface tension effects. Therefore, the water is turned
into a fine mist in the interior space of the collector 100.
[0031] The fan 104 directs an airflow downwardly into the collector
100. This directs the fine mist towards, and down, the exhaust
conduit 37 which leads to the outside of the outer case 12. This
process continues until all the water contained within the
collector 100 is efficiently and hygienically removed from the
collector 100.
[0032] FIGS. 5a and 5b illustrate the removal of the liquid
treatment module 30 from the outer case 12 for maintenance or
replacement. The liquid treatment module 30 is removed downwardly
from the hand dryer 10. In this embodiment, the filter 200 forms
part of the liquid treatment module 30 and is removable from the
outer case 12 with the liquid treatment module 30.
[0033] It will be understood that the invention is not to be
limited to the precise details described above. Other variations
and modifications will be apparent to the skilled reader.
[0034] For example, the drying apparatus need not take the form of
a hand dryer. The drying apparatus could be a condenser-type
laundry dryer. In such a laundry dryer, water evaporated from wet
textiles in the drum (cavity) of the laundry dryer can be
condensed, filtered by a filtration unit and then removed by
agitation or evaporation.
[0035] Further, the invention could be utilized in other forms of
drying apparatus; for example, other forms of domestic or
commercial drying apparatus such as washer-dryers, ventilation-type
laundry dryers or full-length body dryers.
[0036] Additionally, other forms of liquid dispersion unit can be
used to disperse the collected liquid; for example, an ultrasonic
generator, a fan, a heating element or electrolysing apparatus. Any
of these devices could be used in place of a piezo-electric device
to agitate, evaporate or electrolyse the water (or other liquid) as
required.
[0037] The liquid treatment module need not be located inside a
chamber present in the drying apparatus. Other arrangements are
possible; for example, the module could form a part of the outer
case, or could be mounted on or outside the outer case of the
drying apparatus.
[0038] Further, the liquid treatment module need not be removed
from the lower part of the drying apparatus. The liquid treatment
module may form part of the upper side or top of the drying
apparatus, and be removed sideways or upwardly depending upon the
requirements of the drying apparatus. Additionally, it need not be
removable and could remain fixed inside the drying apparatus.
[0039] As a further variation, other forms of airflow generator are
possible. For example, an air bleed or exhaust airflow could be
taken from a motor unit. For example, the motor unit for driving
the drying process of the hand dryer has a fan. This fan could be
used to generate an airflow to vent the evaporated water to the
outside of the drying apparatus rather than using an additional
fan.
[0040] Additionally, the dimensions of the glass beads need not be
4 mm. They may be varied in size from 1 mm to 6 mm. Additionally,
other types of particulate filter media could be used; for example,
glass-fibre brushes, plastic brushes, porous ceramics, plastic
beads or small stones. What is important is that the particulate
filter is formed from an inert material with a density greater than
1 g/l. The size of the particulate filter may be varied and may be
any size suitable to ensure that the majority of the particulates
are filtered and removed from the water to prevent the sterilising
filter from clogging and becoming blocked.
[0041] As an additional variation, a number of particulate filters
may be provided. They may be located outside of the sump, for
example in the filter inlet to pre-filter water before it reaches
the sump.
[0042] The sterilising filter need not be formed of a resin with
substantially spherical particles with dimensions in the range of
0.1 to 2 mm. Other particle shapes or sizes could be used, for
example by grinding. Alternatively, a single, porous block of resin
could be used. Further, the sterilising filter need not be formed
from a resin. Other inorganic host media could be used; for
example, inorganic polymers, metal chelates, metal complexes or
crystal structures.
[0043] The loading of iodine need not be 500 g/l and may be within
a preferred range of 300 g/l to 600 g/l. Further, the concentration
of iodine released into the water may also be outside the range of
1 to 5 ppm. What is important is that the concentration is high
enough to kill the bacteria in the water whilst low enough to avoid
discolouring the water. Further, the volume of the sterilising
filter can be varied, provided it is sufficient to sterilise the
water.
[0044] Additionally, the anti-bacterial agent in the sterilising
filter need not be iodine and could include alternative
bacteria-killing media; for example, a halogen-containing material
or a precursor to a halogen-containing material. Typical,
non-exhaustive, examples of these are materials including:
Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Hypochlorite or Hypobromide.
Alternatively, other methods of sterilising bacteria may be
implemented; for example, Titanium dioxide or UV-radiation
activated silver nanoparticles.
[0045] Further, the particulate filter and sterilising filter need
not be located wholly in the sump. They could be located above the
sump, out of the water in the sump, or partially submerged in the
water in the sump.
[0046] As a further variation, the particulate-filtering media and
the bacteria-killing media need not form separate stages in the
filter and may be combined to form a single unit.
[0047] As a further variation, the filter need not be removable
from the drying apparatus. The filter could remain inside the
casing of the drying apparatus when the liquid treatment module is
removed. The filter could either be removable separately from the
liquid treatment module or be fixed permanently inside the casing
of the drying apparatus.
* * * * *