U.S. patent application number 12/121025 was filed with the patent office on 2008-11-27 for scroll.
Invention is credited to Chaim Shaul Shkedi, Eliran Shkedi, Zvi Shkedi.
Application Number | 20080292818 12/121025 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 40072666 |
Filed Date | 2008-11-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080292818 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Shkedi; Zvi ; et
al. |
November 27, 2008 |
Scroll
Abstract
A religious artifact including at least one scroll hand-written
on kosher parchment in Hebrew, using flexible water-resistant
kosher black ink. Such ink, when dry, does not dissolve in water
and does not crack or peel off the surface, yet, when a mistake
needs to be corrected, such ink can be scraped off the surface of
the parchment without leaving a visible ink residue on the surface
and without causing substantial damage to the parchment. The
present invention provides for kosher scrolls which are less prone
to and more resistant to becoming non-kosher, than scrolls of the
prior art.
Inventors: |
Shkedi; Zvi; (Scranton,
PA) ; Shkedi; Chaim Shaul; (Scranton, PA) ;
Shkedi; Eliran; (Scranton, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Zvi Shkedi
435 Harrison Ave.
Scranton
PA
18510
US
|
Family ID: |
40072666 |
Appl. No.: |
12/121025 |
Filed: |
May 15, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60931200 |
May 23, 2007 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B42D 19/00 20130101;
A47G 33/00 20130101; C09D 11/107 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/3 |
International
Class: |
A47G 33/00 20060101
A47G033/00 |
Claims
1. A religious artifact including at least one scroll, said scroll
including kosher parchment and Hebrew religious text written with
kosher black ink on at least one surface of said parchment, wherein
said ink: a) is water resistant; b) is not tacky; and c) can be
scraped off and removed from said surface without leaving a visible
ink residue on said surface and without causing substantial damage
to said parchment.
2. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ink includes binding
material and black pigment material.
3. The invention of claim 2 wherein said binding material includes
polymeric material or adhesive material or a mixture of polymeric
material and adhesive material.
4. The invention of claim 3 wherein said binding material includes
an acrylic polymer.
5. The invention of claim 2 wherein said binding material includes
one or more of the following materials: a) vinyl polymer; b) epoxy
adhesive; c) polyurethane polymer; d) polycarbonate-urethane
polymer; e) polyether-urethane polymer; f) polyester-urethane
polymer; g) acrylic-polyurethane copolymer; h) ethylene vinyl
acetate adhesive; i) vinyl acetate adhesive; and j) rubber.
6. The invention of claim 2 wherein said black pigment material
includes carbon black.
7. The invention of claim 1 wherein said surface is pre-painted
with a primer prior to the writing of said text on said
surface.
8. The invention of claim 1 wherein said parchment is pre-treated
with a water repellent prior to the writing of said text on said
surface.
9. The invention of claim 1 wherein said ink is flexible.
10. The invention of claim 1 wherein said religious artifact
includes a housing and said scroll is included within said
housing.
11. A religious artifact including at least one scroll, said scroll
including kosher parchment and Hebrew religious text written with
kosher black ink on at least one surface of said parchment, wherein
said ink: a) is flexible; b) is not tacky; and c) can be scraped
off and removed from said surface without leaving a visible ink
residue on said surface and without causing substantial damage to
said parchment.
12. The invention of claim 11 wherein said ink includes binding
material and black pigment material.
13. The invention of claim 12 wherein said binding material
includes an acrylic polymer.
14. The invention of claim 12 wherein said binding material
includes one or more of the following materials: a) vinyl polymer;
b) epoxy adhesive; c) polyurethane polymer; d)
polycarbonate-urethane polymer; e) polyether-urethane polymer; f)
polyester-urethane polymer; g) acrylic-polyurethane copolymer; h)
ethylene vinyl acetate adhesive; i) vinyl acetate adhesive; and j)
rubber.
15. The invention of claim 12 wherein said black pigment material
includes carbon black.
16. A religious artifact including at least one scroll, said scroll
including kosher parchment and Hebrew religious text written with
kosher black ink on at least one surface of said parchment, wherein
said ink: a) is water resistant; b) is flexible; c) includes
binding material; d) is not tacky; and e) can be scraped off and
removed from said surface without leaving a visible ink residue on
said surface and without causing substantial damage to said
parchment.
17. The invention of claim 16 wherein said binding material
includes one or more of the following materials: a) vinyl polymer;
b) epoxy adhesive; c) polyurethane polymer; d)
polycarbonate-urethane polymer; e) polyether-urethane polymer; f)
polyester-urethane polymer; g) acrylic-polyurethane copolymer; h)
ethylene vinyl acetate adhesive; i) vinyl acetate adhesive; and j)
rubber.
18. The invention of claim 17 wherein said surface is pre-painted
with a primer prior to the writing of said text on said
surface.
19. The invention of claim 17 wherein said parchment is pre-treated
with a water repellent prior to the writing of said text on said
surface.
20. The invention of claim 17 wherein said religious artifact
includes a housing and said scroll is included within said housing.
Description
REFERENCES
[0001] Mishnah Brurah (Hebrew-English edition), Feldheim
Publishers, Jerusalem, Israel (1992). ISBN 0-87306-624-3 and
0-87306-623-5, Vol. 1(B), ch. 32, p. 84-85. [0002] Talmudic
Encyclopedia (in Hebrew), Jerusalem, Israel, (1995). ISBN
965-445-000-3, Vol. 7, p. 275-281, entry: "ink" ("dio" in
Hebrew).
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION AND PRIOR ART
[0003] This invention relates to hand-written religious scrolls and
to religious artifacts including one or several such scrolls. More
particularly, the invention relates to scrolls made of kosher
parchment on which religious text copied from the Bible is
hand-written with kosher black ink by a skilled scribe.
[0004] The term "parchment" as used herein means a sheet of thin
real-leather, specially processed to become a substrate for writing
on it. It is known in the Hebrew language as "klaf". The term
"parchment" does not include parchment paper. The term "scroll" as
used herein means a kosher parchment on which religious text was
hand-written with kosher black ink by a skilled scribe. Many types
of Jewish religious scrolls have been produced since ancient times
and are still being produced today. These scrolls are predominantly
known by their Hebrew names as: "Sefer Torah", "Tefillin",
"Mezuzah", and "Megillah".
[0005] The term "Hebrew text" as used herein is defined as a
plurality of Hebrew letters forming at least one word copied from
the Hebrew Bible or from ancient Jewish religious literature, as
commonly found in Jewish religious scrolls.
[0006] The term "kosher" as used herein is defined as: "In
compliance with the tenets of the Jewish religious law." Different
Jewish groups may have different tenets which classify items as
being kosher or non-kosher. The term "kosher" as used herein will
apply to any item which complies with the religious tenets of at
least one of the various Jewish groups. The term "kosher" can apply
to a material, to the geometrical shape of a written Hebrew letter,
to the status of an entire scroll, and to an artifact which
includes a scroll.
[0007] Once anything is or becomes non-kosher it is considered
religiously prohibited and not usable. In certain instances a
non-kosher status can be repaired. In other instances a non-kosher
status cannot be repaired and the entire scroll must be discarded.
For example: a non-kosher ingredient in a mixture of materials can
render the entire mixture non-kosher. The inclusion of such a
non-kosher ingredient is non-repairable. Another example: a
substantial defect in the geometrical shape of a written Hebrew
letter on a scroll can render the letter non-kosher, in which case,
the entire scroll can become non-kosher. Geometrical-shape defects
are sometimes repairable. Repairing a non-kosher scroll is
difficult and time consuming. With certain defects it is impossible
to repair a non-kosher scroll, and the entire scroll must be
discarded, involving high financial and emotional loss.
[0008] For a scroll to be kosher, both the parchment and the ink
used for writing on it must be kosher. In addition, the geometrical
shape of each written letter and the sequence of the words and
letters in the text must also be kosher. An additional requirement
for a scroll to be kosher is that none of the letters touch each
other. The parchment is prior art and will not be discussed herein.
For the ink to be kosher, it must meet all of the following
religious requirements: [0009] a) the ingredients of the ink must
be kosher; [0010] b) the color of the ink must be black; [0011] c)
when the ink is applied to the parchment, it must remain
predominantly on the surface of the parchment and not soak into the
parchment; [0012] d) the ink must adhere well to the surface of the
parchment; and [0013] e) after the ink dries on the parchment, it
must be possible to scrape off the dry ink from the parchment using
a knife blade without leaving a visible residue of the scraped-off
ink on the parchment and without causing substantial damage to the
parchment. Some superficial damage to the surface of the parchment
is acceptable as long as, after scraping off the dry ink, it is
possible to write new text on the parchment in the same location of
the scraped-off ink. The need to scrape off the ink arises, for
example, when, in the process of writing the text, a mistake is
made. It then becomes necessary to scrape off part or all of a
letter or a few letters. It must then be possible to write new
letters in the same location on the parchment where the original
scraped-off letters used to be.
[0014] Requirements (c) and (e) above, are the most difficult to
comply with. They preclude the use of commercial printing inks and
artist's inks in the production of kosher scrolls. The only inks
which are acceptable for use in the writing of kosher scrolls are
inks which are made specifically for that purpose and not for any
other purpose.
[0015] A glossy appearance of the ink after it dries is generally
considered preferable over a non-glossy appearance. However, this
is a preference only. Lack of gloss does not render the ink or the
scroll non-kosher.
[0016] General guidelines for preparing kosher ink for kosher
scrolls have been known since ancient times. Exact details of such
ink production have been kept as trade secrets by scribes. A brief
summary of the publicly-known prior art was published in Mishnah
Brurah, Vol. 1 (B), ch. 32, p. 84-85. A comprehensive summary of
the publicly-known prior art was published (in Hebrew) in the
Talmudic Encyclopedia, Vol. 7, p. 275-281, under the entry "ink".
One type of such prior-art kosher ink was made in the past by
mixing soot with oil, tree sap, water, honey, and gum. Another,
more popular, type of such prior-art kosher ink is made by cooking
gall-nuts in water, adding gum, sometimes adding tannic acid, and
adding iron-sulfate or copper-sulfate (also known as "vitriol", and
referred to in the Hebrew literature as "kankantom" or
"kankantum"). An Internet search of the terms "kankantom" or
"kankantum" will reveal additional information in English on this
prior-art kosher ink. A third type of prior-art kosher black ink
involves the mixing of soot or ground-up charcoal powder with
various secret binding materials. The identities of these binding
materials have been kept as trade secrets by the scribes who
produced these inks.
[0017] Major shortcomings of prior-art scrolls are: [0018] a) The
dry inks age and become brittle with time. It often happens that
scrolls get folds and creases in them. Upon flexing or folding the
written parchment, part of the dry ink may crack, break, or flake
off, thus defacing the shape of a written letter or breaking up a
letter into segments. The aged and brittle dry inks also lose their
adhesion to the parchment, separate from the parchment, and peel
off. When this happens, letters can become non-kosher and,
consequently, the entire scroll can become non-kosher. Such a
non-kosher scroll may not be used until the shape of the written
letter is hand restored to kosher status by a skilled scribe with
fresh kosher ink. [0019] b) The dry inks are not water resistant.
If water spills on the scroll, or if rain water leaks onto the
scroll (a very common problem in "Mezuzah" scrolls which are
installed on door-posts outdoors), or if moisture condenses on the
scroll, the dry ink can partially dissolve, spread on the
parchment, or stain the parchment. Such spreading of the ink can
distort the shape of a written letter or cause two neighboring
letters to touch each other. If the ink spreads and stains the
parchment, the background of the parchment around a letter can
darken and make it more difficult to discern the letter against its
background. If the shape of a letter is substantially distorted or
if two letters touch each other or if a letter is visually
difficult to discern against its background, the entire scroll
becomes non-kosher. In addition, in a rolled-up scroll, some of the
ink may dissolve in the water and transfer to the rear surface of a
neighboring layer of the parchment. Once this happens the entire
scroll can become non-kosher. Water damage is particularly harmful
since it is very difficult and usually impossible to repair. Water
damage often causes an entire scroll to be discarded. [0020] c)
With certain ink formulations, the dry ink ages over time and fades
off, turns into powder, or assumes a gray color. Touching or
lightly rubbing the surface of the scroll with a dry cloth, as is
sometimes done during certain prayer services, can remove some of
the dry ink and cause fading of the black color due to powdering
and removal of the dry ink. When the old dry ink turns into powder,
it also spreads black powder over the surface of the scroll.
Substantial fading of the originally black ink can render the
scroll non-kosher. To repair it, a skilled scribe needs to clean
the surface of the scroll and rewrite over the faded letters with
fresh kosher black ink. [0021] d) The most popular ink formulations
of the prior art ink (those based on "kankantom") sometimes turn
slightly red or brown over time due to chemical changes in the
pigment material. For a scroll to be kosher, all letters must be
black. A red or brown color of the letters, if substantial, can
render the entire scroll non-kosher. To repair it, a skilled scribe
needs to rewrite over such letters with fresh kosher black ink.
[0022] e) Certain ink formulations remain tacky after drying. The
terms "tacky" and "not tacky" as used herein to describe a property
of a material, refer to the material after it has dried. Such
residual tackiness may cause the ink on the front surface of the
parchment to stick to the rear surface of the parchment when the
parchment is rolled. This is particularly problematic if the
parchment is written on both the front surface and the rear
surface. Upon rolling of the parchment, the ink on the front
surface may stick to the ink on the rear surface. When the
parchment is unrolled, the tacky ink can get peeled off the
parchment. If any part of the ink is peeled off the surface of the
parchment, it can render the scroll non-kosher.
[0023] These and other shortcomings of prior-art scrolls have
caused thousands of scrolls to become non-kosher. It would be
highly desirable to overcome and cure the shortcomings of the prior
art, and to provide for scrolls in which the ink is more durable
and stable, thus reducing or eliminating the problem of kosher
scrolls becoming non-kosher.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0024] The present invention provides for scrolls which are more
durable and more resistant to becoming non-kosher, than prior-art
scrolls. A scroll of the present invention is more resistant to
becoming non-kosher because of the superior properties of the ink
with which the text is written on the surface of the parchment.
Visually, artifacts and scrolls of the present invention look the
same as prior-art artifacts and scrolls. Therefore, drawings
depicting the present invention are not necessary nor useful.
[0025] The first objective of the present invention is to provide
for a kosher scroll in which the ink, after drying, is water
resistant. The term "water resistant" as used herein means that the
ink, after drying, does not dissolve or spread on the surface of
the parchment when the scroll is soaked in water, or when the
surface of the scroll is wiped with a wet cloth.
[0026] The second objective of the present invention is to provide
for a kosher scroll in which the ink, after drying, is flexible.
The term "flexible" as used herein means that flexing and folding
of the scroll back and forth across written letters does not crack,
break, or flake off the dry ink, even after the scroll has been
stored for many years in a desert-like dry environment. In
addition, lightly scrubbing the written surface of the scroll with
a dry cloth does not produce ink powder and does not remove any of
the dry ink.
[0027] The third objective of the present invention is to provide
for a kosher scroll in which the ink, after drying, adheres well to
the surface of the parchment and does not easily separate or peel
off from the parchment, even after the scroll has been stored for
many years in a desert-like dry environment.
[0028] The fourth objective of the present invention is to provide
for a kosher scroll in which the ink, after drying, is not tacky,
does not fade, does not turn into powder, and does not change color
over time.
[0029] The present invention provides for a scroll in which Hebrew
religious text is written on kosher parchment using kosher black
ink wherein the ink, after drying, is flexible water-resistant and
non-tacky. The enabling technology and the use of flexible
water-resistant non-tacky kosher ink for hand-writing Hebrew
religious text on kosher parchment to produce a kosher scroll, have
never been published despite thousands of years of writing such
scrolls. The Jewish religious literature discusses the question of
whether certain writings can be completely washed-off in water for
a beneficial purpose. This is different from and not relevant to
the question of whether writings can be damaged and rendered
non-kosher by water. Similarly, the desire to have scrolls which
remain kosher for thousands of years has been mentioned in the
ancient Jewish religious literature, however, the technology to
enable the production of such scrolls was not available prior to
the present invention.
[0030] The ink in the scroll of the present invention is flexible
and is strongly bonded to the surface of the parchment. Folding and
flexing a scroll of the present invention across written letters
does not crack or break or flake off the dry ink and does not cause
deterioration which might render the scroll non-kosher. Many
experiments have been conducted in which scrolls of the present
invention have been folded back and forth across written letters.
No deterioration which might render the scroll non-kosher was
observed. Another benefit of the flexible ink in the present
invention is that it does not turn into powder, thus avoiding the
powdering defect which can occur in some inks of the prior art.
[0031] The ink in the scroll of the present invention is not tacky.
Experiments have been conducted in which the written surface of a
scroll of the present invention has been in contact with another
written surface of another scroll. None of the ink stuck to or
transferred to the other surface.
[0032] The binding material in the ink acts as an adhesive to bind
the pigment particles to each other and to bind the ink to the
surface of the parchment substrate. Examples of preferred binding
materials in the present invention include acrylic polymers,
ethylene vinyl acetate, vinyl polymer, polyurethane, epoxy
adhesive, acrylic-polyurethane copolymers, natural or synthetic
rubber, and other film-forming liquid adhesives, paints, and
coating materials. All kosher binding materials and all mixtures of
two or more binding materials which are not tacky after drying and
which render the ink flexible or water-resistant or both flexible
and water-resistant, are included within the scope of the present
invention. With certain binding materials, the ink also has the
property of being alcohol resistant.
[0033] The preferred pigment material used in the ink for the
present invention is "carbon black". Carbon black is also known by
other names such as: lamp black, pigment black 7, pigment black 6,
furnace black, channel black, acetylene black, soot, and thermal
black. Other kosher pigment materials, such as black copper
sulfide, black iron oxide, charcoal powder, and black organic dyes
may also be used to give the ink the desired black color. The
pigment materials can be used and added to the ink in their dry
powder form and also in their wet form of the powder pre-dispersed
in water with the aid of surfactants and resins. Carbon black is
known to be extremely durable and stable for very long periods of
time. Its chemical stability precludes any possibility of fading or
changing color over time. The popular form of carbon
black--collected soot--is known since ancient times as a very
stable black pigment material used in various inks and paints. The
inclusion of any of these black pigment materials in the ink is
included within the scope of the present invention.
[0034] Certain scrolls of the prior art can be repaired after the
old dry ink is damaged. The use of flexible water-resistant ink to
repair such damaged scrolls improves the quality of the repaired
scrolls. New scrolls may also be written with more than one type of
ink. All scrolls in which part of the text is written with ink
which is not flexible nor water resistant, while another part of
the text is written with ink which is flexible and/or water
resistant, are included within the scope of the present
invention.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0035] The scroll in the preferred embodiment of the present
invention includes two components. The first component is a kosher
parchment. The second component is non-tacky flexible and
water-resistant kosher black ink. The preferred scroll of the
present invention is produced by first hand writing Hebrew
religious text with the preferred liquid ink on a surface of the
parchment. Then, the liquid ink is allowed to dry. After the liquid
ink dries, it turns into dry ink shaped in the form of Hebrew
religious text written on the surface of the parchment. The
preferred scroll of the present invention is the parchment together
with the dry ink wherein the dry ink is non-tacky flexible and
water-resistant.
[0036] All scrolls in which at least part of the text is written on
kosher parchment with kosher black ink wherein the ink, when dry,
is non-tacky flexible and/or water-resistant, are included within
the scope of the present invention.
[0037] The appearance of the dry ink can be glossy or matte or
anything in between. All degrees of gloss or lack of gloss are
included within the scope of the present invention.
[0038] The following examples of preferred kosher liquid black inks
for use in the production of the preferred embodiment of the
present invention are presented herein with the sole purpose of
better understanding the present invention. These are examples
only. These examples are not intended to limit the scope of the
present invention or the scope of the claims.
[0039] The preferred liquid black ink includes a well dispersed
mixture of a black pigment material, a binding material, and a
liquid carrier. The preferred black pigment material is carbon
black. The preferred binding material is a water-based emulsion of
a non-tacky acrylic polymeric material with a glass transition
temperature of zero degrees Celsius or less, for example:
Joncryl.RTM. LMV7030 (manufactured by BASF Corporation, a division
of BASF SE of Ludwigshafen, Germany). The preferred liquid carrier
is water. The preferred percentage of carbon-black in the liquid
ink is about 1%-10%. The preferred percentage of binding material
in the liquid ink is about 5%-20%.
[0040] Improvements to the preferred liquid ink include the
addition of processing aids and additives such as waxes, flow
agents, oils, surfactants, solvents, coalescents, evaporation
retarders, humectants, crosslinking accelerators, ammonia, glycols,
glycerin, anti-wetting materials, and anti-foam materials, as
commonly known to those skilled in the art of manufacturing ink and
paint. Further improvements to the preferred liquid ink include the
addition of other liquid materials to the liquid carrier, for
example: acetone, alcohol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, NMP,
dimethyl sulfoxide, and other organic liquids. The use of any
combination of such additives and liquid materials in the preferred
liquid ink is included within the scope of the present
invention.
[0041] Acrylic polymers for use in the preferred liquid ink also
include styrene acrylic polymers, modified styrene acrylic
polymers, and ammonia salts of modified styrene acrylic polymers.
Certain acrylic polymers are self-cross-linking, while others are
not self-cross-linking. The use of all non-tacky film-forming
binding materials which belong to the general family of acrylic
polymers is included within the scope of the present invention.
[0042] Another example of a preferred binding material to be
included in the preferred liquid ink is a water-based adhesive or
coating material. For example: ethylene vinyl acetate; vinyl
acetate; vinyl polymer; polyurethane adhesive; aliphatic and
aromatic versions of polyester-urethane, polyether-urethane, and
polycarbonate-urethane; epoxy; rubber; and other adhesives and
coating materials as known to those skilled in the art of
manufacturing adhesives and coating materials. The use of all
non-tacky adhesives and coating materials as ingredients in the
preferred kosher black ink is included within the scope of the
present invention.
[0043] Another example of a preferred binding material to be
included in the preferred liquid ink is a mixture of two or more of
the binding materials as described in the previous examples.
[0044] A variant of the preferred embodiment of the present
invention includes the painting of a primer on the parchment before
writing on it with the liquid ink. Some scribes use a primer while
others don't. The use of a primer on a surface of the parchment
prior to writing on it with a preferred liquid ink is included
within the scope of the present invention.
[0045] Another variant of the preferred embodiment of the present
invention includes pre-treating the parchment with a water
repellent or an anti-wetting material before writing on it with the
liquid ink. Such pre-treatment reduces the penetration of the
liquid ink into the parchment and reduces spreading of the liquid
ink sideways on the surface of the parchment. One popular example
of such a water repellent is olive oil dissolved in an organic
solvent. Another example of such a water repellent is "Camp Dry
Silicone Water Repellent" made by KIWI.RTM.. Some scribes use a
water repellent while others don't. The use of a water repellent to
pre-treat the parchment prior to writing on it with a preferred
liquid ink is included within the scope of the present
invention.
[0046] Every parchment has two sides, front and rear. Each such
side is referred to herein as a surface of the parchment. Certain
scrolls are written on one surface of the parchment. Certain other
scrolls are written on both surfaces of the parchment. All such
scrolls, written on one surface or on both surfaces of the
parchment, are included within the scope of the present
invention.
[0047] The durability of the dry ink in the scroll of the present
invention can be improved by heating or baking the scroll for
approximately one hour at a temperature of up to approximately 150
degrees C. All such scrolls which have been heated to improve the
properties of the dry ink are included within the scope of the
present invention.
[0048] Certain ink formulations require heat in order to melt the
ink and to bond the ink to the parchment. All such scrolls in which
the ink has been heated in order to melt the ink and to bond the
ink to the parchment are included within the scope of the present
invention.
[0049] Certain religious artifacts comprise a single scroll, for
example: a scroll known by its Hebrew name "Mezuzah". Certain other
religious artifacts include one or more scrolls within a housing,
for example: artifacts known by their Hebrew names "Tfillin" or
"Tefillin" and by their English names "Phylactery" and
"Phylacteries". Yet, another form of a religious artifact includes
several scrolls which are stitched or bonded together to form one
long scroll, for example: artifacts known by their Hebrew names
"Sefer Torah" and "Megillah". All such artifacts which include at
least one scroll of the present invention, are included within the
scope of the present invention.
[0050] The preferred embodiments disclosed herein are only
examples. Other embodiments are possible. All embodiments, when
included within the scope of the claims, are included within the
scope of the present invention.
* * * * *