U.S. patent application number 12/122880 was filed with the patent office on 2008-11-20 for tampon pledget for increased by-pass leakage protection.
This patent application is currently assigned to Playtex Products, Inc.. Invention is credited to Yinka Abdul, Eugene Dougherty, JR., Keith Edgett, Robert Jorgensen.
Application Number | 20080287902 12/122880 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39528462 |
Filed Date | 2008-11-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080287902 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Edgett; Keith ; et
al. |
November 20, 2008 |
TAMPON PLEDGET FOR INCREASED BY-PASS LEAKAGE PROTECTION
Abstract
The present invention provides a tampon pledget with one or more
of the following properties: increased absorbency rate; high
absorbent capacity and fluid retention; rapid expansion potential;
and ease of ejection of the pledget from the applicator.
Surprisingly, the one or more properties are achieved by using a
modified dual cross-pad, folded, compressed tampon pledget
design.
Inventors: |
Edgett; Keith; (Middletown,
DE) ; Jorgensen; Robert; (Middletown, DE) ;
Dougherty, JR.; Eugene; (Camden, DE) ; Abdul;
Yinka; (Newark, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MICHAUD-DUFFY GROUP LLP
306 INDUSTRIAL PARK ROAD, SUITE 206
MIDDLETOWN
CT
06457
US
|
Assignee: |
Playtex Products, Inc.
Westport
CT
|
Family ID: |
39528462 |
Appl. No.: |
12/122880 |
Filed: |
May 19, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60930547 |
May 17, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
604/379 ;
604/385.18 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61F 13/2071 20130101;
A61F 13/2068 20130101; A61F 13/2065 20130101; A61F 13/2051
20130101; A61F 13/20 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
604/379 ;
604/385.18 |
International
Class: |
A61F 13/20 20060101
A61F013/20 |
Claims
1. A tampon pledget comprising: at least one bottom pad; at least
one top pad positioned on said bottom pad; said bottom pad having a
pad weight statistically greater than about 50% of a total weight
defined by said pledget; and said top and bottom pads being folded
to form said pledget such that said bottom pad forms an inner core
of said pledget and said top pad forms an outer layer of said
pledget.
2. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 1 wherein said bottom pad
defines a width and said top pad is position on said bottom pad
prior to folding such that said top pad extends longitudinally
across said width defined by said bottom pad.
3. A tampon pledget defined by claim 2 wherein a longitudinal
direction defined by said top pad is substantially perpendicular to
a longitudinal direction defined by said bottom pad.
4. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 1 wherein a fluid intake
rate defined by said top pad is greater than a fluid intake rate
defined by said bottom pad.
5. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 1 wherein said tampon
pledget defines a lay-up ratio between about 1:1.2 to about
1:2.1.
6. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 1 wherein said tampon
pledget defines a layup ration of 1:1.
7. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 1 wherein said top and
bottom layers are made from at least one of rayon, cotton,
absorbent foam, super-absorbent foam, and multilobal fiber.
8. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 1 further comprising a
liquid permeable coverstock or overlay material positioned over the
outer layer.
9. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 1 wherein said overlay or
coverstock material is formed of at least one of rayon, cotton
bicomponent fibers, polyethylene, and polypropylene.
10. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 1 further comprising a
withdrawal cord.
11. A tampon pledget as defined by claim 10 wherein said withdrawal
cord comprises an anti-wick coating.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional
Patent Application Ser. No. 60/930,547, filed May 17, 2007.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention is related generally to tampon
pledgets. More particularly, the present invention is related to
tampon pledgets that exhibit increased bypass leakage
protection.
[0004] 2. Description of Related Art
[0005] Both in-vivo and in-vitro testing has shown that current
tampon pledgets do not protect well against bypass leakage. In-vivo
testing shows that the typical woman places the tampon too deep
into the vaginal canal and is not optimally placed to absorb fluid.
In-vitro testing confirms that pledget expansion is not optimal.
With both of these insights it is known that there is a propensity
for the tampons to leak prematurely, i.e., bypass leakage.
[0006] There have been many attempts in the prior art to address
bypass leakage. Examples include providing a tampon pledget with
various pre-expanded, compressed shapes designed to conform to a
user's anatomy upon insertion into the vagina. One particular
drawback with the pledget having a pre-expanded shape is that it
may be difficult to house the pre-shaped pledget in a typical
cylindrical applicator tube due to its shape. Also, once housed in
the applicator, the pledget having the pre-expanded shape may exert
additional forces on the walls of the barrel due to its shape,
which in turn could cause excess friction during expulsion,
requiring additional force to expel the pledget from the
applicator. The additional required force could make using the
applicator difficult and in some cases actually cause deformation
of the applicator, making its use extremely difficult.
[0007] Therefore, there remains a need in the tampon art for a
tampon pledget that mitigates or all together prevents bypass
leakage, while also avoiding the drawbacks associate with the prior
art. The present invention meets this need.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The novel tampon pledget according to the present invention
includes one or more of the following properties: increased
absorbency rate; high absorbent capacity and fluid retention; rapid
expansion potential; and ease of ejection of the pledget from the
applicator.
[0009] Surprisingly, the one or more properties are achieved by
using a modified dual cross-pad, folded, compressed tampon pledget
design.
[0010] In one aspect of the invention, the cross pads are nearly
identical in area prior to forming. It has been found that this
feature provides the correct tampon length in body and the proper
diameter for insertion into a woman's vagina. Additionally, it
provides a more uniform fiber weight distribution across the entire
length of the formed pledget, which unexpectedly results in
improved absorption and reduced pledget ejection forces.
[0011] In another aspect of the present invention the one or more
bottom pads 12 is thicker, hence statistically heavier, than the
one or more top pads 14. The one or more bottom pads have a pad
weight that is statistically greater than 50% of the total weight
of the tampon pledget. The one or more top pads 14 have the
remaining weight of the tampon pledget, namely a pad weight that is
less than 50% of the total tampon pledget weight.
[0012] Without being constrained by theory, these features together
unexpectedly result in an increase in both the rate of absorbency
and the absorbent capacity. The fluid intake rate is faster through
the lighter, one or more top pads, while fluid is more efficiently
stored in the thicker, one or more bottom pads, which form the
absorbent core of the formed tampon pledget. Thus, relative to
conventional prior art tampon pledgets, the tampon pledgets of the
present invention not only absorb liquid faster and provide more
rapid expansion, they also allow for lower pledget weights overall
in order to achieve the required syngyna absorbency specifications,
as regulated by the FDA Federal Register 821.430.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] FIG. 1 is top view of a tampon pledget prior to formation
according to the present invention;
[0014] FIG. 2 is a side view of a formed tampon pledget according
to the present invention;
[0015] FIG. 3 is a cut away view of the tampon pledget of FIG. 2
taken along line A-A; and
[0016] FIG. 4 is a graph depicting tampon slice density data for a
Regular absorbency, non-deodorant pledget according to the present
invention versus a prior art pledget;
[0017] FIG. 5 is a graph depicting tampon slice density data for a
Regular absorbency, deodorant pledget according to the present
invention versus a prior art pledget;
[0018] FIG. 6 is a graph depicting tampon slice density data for a
Super absorbency, non-deodorant pledget according to the present
invention versus a prior art pledget;
[0019] FIG. 7 is a graph depicting tampon slice density data for a
Super absorbency, deodorant pledget according to the present
invention versus a prior art pledget;
[0020] FIG. 8 is a graph depicting tampon slice density data for a
Super Plus absorbency, non-deodorant pledget according to the
present invention versus a prior art pledget; and
[0021] FIG. 9 is a graph depicting tampon slice density data for a
Super Plus absorbency, deodorant pledget according to the present
invention versus a prior art pledget.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0022] The present invention provides a unique tampon pledget
designed for various tampon sorts with one or more enhanced
features including, but not limited to, increased absorption
potential, increased absorbency rate, increased expansion rate,
improved fiber weight distribution along the length of the formed
pledget, or any combinations thereof. These enhanced features are
achieved by constructing the tampon pledget with certain pad lay-up
ratios, fiber weight distributions, fibers and/or fiber blends, or
any combinations thereof. As a result of these one or more enhanced
features, a tampon pledget having increased bypass leakage
protection results. Additionally, the enhanced features do not
compromise the desired pledget geometry, pre-expansion. Therefore,
applicator modifications are not required to house the pledget of
the present invention.
[0023] Referring to FIG. 1, the present invention is exemplified by
the pad lay-up represented generally by reference numeral 10. Pad
lay-up 10 includes one or more bottom pads 12 and one or more top
pads 14. While pad lay-up 10 depicts the one or more bottom pads 12
and one or more top pads 14 in a cross-pad configuration, it should
be understood that the pad lay-up can be configured in any suitable
shape, including, but not limited to cross, chevron, diamond,
circular, oval, square, rectangle, or any combinations thereof,
that achieve one or more of the desired properties according to the
present invention.
[0024] It has been surprisingly found that by providing one or more
bottom pads 12 with one or more top pads 14 in certain pad lay-up
ratios, based on their respective areas, desirable tampon pledget
configurations can be achieved that provide enhanced bypass leakage
protection. The pad lay-up ratio is defined as the ratio of the
area of one or more bottom pads 12 to the area of one or more top
pads 14. The area of the one or more pads is calculated in a single
plane. Therefore, while stacking of multiple pads may be done, it
does not increase the calculated area of the one or more pads.
[0025] Again referring to FIG. 1, the one or more top pads 14 each
has a length dimension 15 and a width dimension 16. The one or more
bottom pads 12 each have a length dimension 17 and a width
dimension 18.
[0026] The one or more top pads 14 each have a length dimension 15
between about 2 inches and about 6 inches. In another embodiment,
the one or more top pads 14 each have a length between about 3.5
inches and about 5 inches. In yet another embodiment, the one or
more top pads 14 each have a length about 4 inches.
[0027] The one or more top pads 14 each have a width dimension 16
between about 1 inches and about 4 inches. In another embodiment,
the one or more top pads 14 each have a width between about 1.5
inches and about 3 inches. In yet another embodiment, the one or
more top pads 14 each have a width about 2 inches.
[0028] The one or more bottom pads 12 each have a length dimension
17 between about 2 inch and about 6 inches. In another embodiment,
the one or more bottom pads 12 each have a length between about 3.5
inches and about 5 inches. In yet another embodiment, the one or
more bottom pads 12 each have a length about 4 inches.
[0029] The one or more bottom pads 12 each have a width dimension
18 between about 1 inch and about 4 inches. In another embodiment,
the one or more bottom pads 12 each have a width between about 1.5
inches and about 3 inches. In yet another embodiment, the one or
more bottom pads 12 each have a width about 2 inches.
[0030] In one embodiment of the present invention, the pad lay-up
ratio is between about 1:1.2 to about 1.2:1. In another embodiment
of the present invention, the pad lay-up ratio is about 1:1. By
providing the pad lay-up ratio, as described, the formed pledget
has a more uniform fiber weight distribution across its entire
length. As a result, the more uniform diameter of the pledget
results in lower ejection forces. Additionally, the pledget absorbs
more evenly across the length of the formed pledget.
[0031] Another important aspect of the present invention is that
the one or more bottom pads 12 are thicker, hence statistically
heavier, than the one or more top pads 14. The one or more bottom
pads 12 have a pad weight that is statistically greater than 50% of
the total weight of the tampon pledget. The one or more top pads 14
have the remaining weight, namely a pad weight that is less than
50% of the total tampon pledget weight.
[0032] Without being constrained by theory, these features together
unexpectedly result in an increase in both the rate of absorbency
and the absorbent capacity. The fluid intake rate is faster through
the lighter, one or more top pads 14, while fluid is more
efficiently stored in the one or more bottom pads 12, which form
the inner absorbent core of the tampon pledget when formed. Thus,
the tampon pledgets of the present invention have enhanced
absorption capacity, absorbent rates, and expansion rates, which
lead to better bypass leakage protection.
[0033] Suitable materials for use in forming the one or more bottom
pads and/or the one or more top pads include, but are not limited
to, cellulosic, rayon, cotton, pulp, superabsorbent, absorbent
foam, multilobal fiber, or any combinations thereof.
[0034] The tampon pledget may include a liquid permeable coverstock
or overwrap material, if desired. Suitable coverstock materials may
include, but are not limited to, rayon, cotton, bicomponent fibers,
or other suitable natural or synthetic fibers known in the art.
Rayon, polyethylene, polypropylene and blends of these are
particularly suited for use as coverstock material.
[0035] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3, a formed tampon pledget
according to the present invention is depicted generally by
reference numeral 20. When forming tampon pledget 20, the one or
more bottom pads and one or more top pads are arranged in a cross
pattern, then centered, as depicted in FIG. 1. The pads are then
folded using an auger provided in a tampon-forming machine like
that which is commercially available from Playtex Hauni Machines
(Richmond, Va.) such that the one or more bottom pads form an inner
core 26 and the one or more outer pads form an outer layer 28. The
folded pads are then transferred into heated oven tubes, which
compress the pads into the final self-sustaining cylindrical shape
for assembly into a tampon applicator.
[0036] Typically a withdrawal cord 22 is added to pledget 20 by
means of threading a needle to the base 24 of the pledget during
tampon assembly. Withdrawal stings are typically made of mercerized
cotton treated with an anti-wick (a Nalan hydrophobic wax) coating
to reduce string absorbency and wicking. Tampon strings are
commercially available from Coats LLC (UK). Strings are typically
threaded through a hole and then a loop is tied into a knot such
that the final string hangs down about 4.5 inches from the base of
the tampon pledget to allow the string to be easily located by the
tampon wearer.
[0037] Tampon pledgets may be either scented or unscented. Scented
pledgets are typically obtained by spraying on a mix of deodorant
(typically a proprietary mixture comprised of one or more
fragrances, available from a fragrance house such as Givaudan
(Switzerland)) blended together with a nonionic surfactant (e.g.
the Tween 20 described above). When desired, about 0.125 g of blend
may be sprayed on the one or more top pads and/or one or more
bottom pads of each pledget just prior to pledget forming.
[0038] The following examples demonstrate various embodiments
according to the present invention. These examples are not intended
to limit the scope of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 1
[0039] A Regular absorbency pledget is comprised of two fibrous
nonwoven pads, both about 2''.times.4'', oriented perpendicular to
each other. The nonwoven inner absorbent core pad (bottom pad in
cross-pad configuration) is 100% viscose rayon fiber having a
multilobal ("Y-shaped) geometry, marketed by Kelheim Fibres GmbH
(Kelheim, Germany) under the Galaxy.TM. tradename. The outer pad
(top pad in the cross-pad configuration) is formed with a blend of
60% viscose staple rayon (such as the P-1 fiber that is available
from Lenzing Fibers, Austria) and 40% multilobal rayon fiber, as
described above. The fiber typically may include a small percentage
of a finish, such as sorbitan monolaurate nonionic surfactant
(Tween 20), although a variety of finish chemistries may be
used.
[0040] The Regular pledget weight is about 1.52 grams (g) (at 14%
moisture). The inner, absorbent core pad weight is about 0.63 g to
about 1.25 g. In onee preferred embodiment, the absorbent core pad
weight is about 0.84 g (at 14% moisture). The outer pad is thinner
and has a pad weight of about 0.51 g to about 1.05 g (at 14%
moisture). In one preferred embodiment, the outer pad has a pad
weight of about 0.68 g (at 14% moisture). The final pledget length
for a Regular absorbency tampon pledget according to the present
invention is about 1.875 inches.
EXAMPLE 2
[0041] A Super absorbency pledget is formed from two fibrous
nonwoven pads, both about 2''.times.4'', oriented perpendicular to
each other. The nonwoven inner absorbent core pad (bottom pad in
cross-pad configuration) is 100% viscose rayon fiber having a
multilobal ("Y-shaped) geometry, marketed by Kelheim Fibres GmbH
(Kelheim, Germany) under the Galaxy.TM. tradename. The outer pad
(top pad in the cross-pad configuration) is formed with a blend of
60% viscose staple rayon (such as the P-1 fiber that is available
from Lenzing Fibers, Austria) and 40% multilobal rayon fiber, as
described above. The fiber typically may include a small percentage
of a finish, such as sorbitan monolaurate nonionic surfactant
(Tween 20), although a variety of finish chemistries may be
used.
[0042] The pledget weight is about 2.27 g (at 14% moisture). The
inner pad weight is between about 0.94 g to about 1.78 g (at 14%
moisture). In one preferred embodiment, the inner pad weight is
about 1.26 g (at 14% moisture). The outer pad weight is between
about 0.76 g to about 1.46 g (at 14% moisture). In one preferred
embodiment, the outer pad weight is about 1.01 g (at 14%
moisture).
EXAMPLE 3
[0043] A Super Plus absorbency pledget is formed from two fibrous
nonwoven pads, both about 2''.times.4'', oriented perpendicular to
each other. Super Plus tampons are formed with 100% multilobal
Galaxy rayon in both inner and outer pads.
[0044] The total pledget weight is about 3.14 g (at 14% moisture).
The inner pad has a weight between about 1.27 g to about 2.33 g (at
14% moisture). In one preferred embodiment, the inner pad has a
weight of about 1.70 g (at 14% moisture). The outer pad has a
weight between about 1.08 g to about 2.00 g. In one preferred
embodiment, the outer pad has a pad weight of about 1.44 g (at 14%
moisture).
EXAMPLE 4
[0045] Webs were formed in an engineering trial using Rando
Machines. The Super absorbency webs formed were a wide web (a 60%
viscose rayon/40% multilobal blend) and a narrow web targeted for
the outer pads, with 100% ML Galaxy fiber wide webs targeted for
the inner absorbent core pads. The Super Plus absorbency webs
formed, both wide and narrow, were both made of 100% ML. Roll
weights were targeted to achieve the desired pad weights for
2''.times.4'' inner and outer pads. Regular, Super and Super Plus
absorbency tampon pledgets were formed on a Hauni forming machine.
The formed pledgets were then tested in the laboratory. Results of
the testing are summarized below in the Tables.
[0046] Table 1 shows the individual pad weights for the tampons
made according to this invention. Note the differences in
individual pad weights.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Summary of Pad, String, and Tampon Weights
for Regular, Super and Super Plus Absorbency Tampons of this
Invention Regular Super Super Plus Formed Formed Formed Formed
Formed Tampon Inside Outside Tampon Formed Tampon Formed Key
Statistics for a Weight Narrow Wide Weight Inside Formed Weight
Inside Formed Set of 45 to 50 Including Pad Pad String Including
Narrow Outside String Including Narrow Outside String Tampons of
Each String Weight Weight Weight String Pad Wide Pad Weight String
Pad Wide Pad Weight Sort (gms.) (gms.) (gms.) (gms.) (gms.) Weight
Weight (gms.) (gms.) Weight Weight (gms.) Average (of all 45-50)
2.02 1.05 0.87 0.10 2.73 1.39 1.23 0.11 3.34 1.79 1.44 0.11
Standard Deviation 0.086 0.065 0.066 0.015 0.099 0.051 0.084 0.014
0.103 0.062 0.082 0.044 Number Tested 50 50 50 50 50 50 45 50 50 50
45 45 Maximum 2.22 1.18 1.00 0.15 2.99 1.51 1.43 0.13 3.51 1.95
1.68 0.36 Minimum 1.79 0.89 0.71 0.08 2.52 1.28 1.03 0.05 3.09 1.68
1.25 0.01
[0047] Table 2 provides a summary of results for Super absorbency
tampons roughly in accordance with the present invention. As you
can see, the average absorbency for the Super sort was 10.79 grams,
which meets the specification of 9-12 grams. The average ejection
force for the Super sort was 16.61 oz.
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Summary of Weights, Ejection Forces,
Moisture Levels and Absorbencies for Super Absorbency Tampons of
this Invention (2'' .times. 4'' Inside Pads and 4'' .times. 2''
Outside Pads) Tampon Moisture, % g per g Weights Ejection Loss on
Syngyna Absorbency Key Statistics (dry), gms. Forces (oz). Drying
Absorbency Capacity Average (of all tested) 2.34 16.61 11.29 10.79
4.48 Standard Deviation 0.108 2.087 1.150 0.371 0.169 Number Tested
30 30 5 30 30 Maximum 2.58 20.27 13.11 11.36 4.82 Minimum 2.13
11.46 10.00 9.88 4.10 Note: Tampons Made on an HP Machine Made
(Nov. 11, 2006) Target weight: 2.35 gm. Super Wide Target Outside
Pad (1.05 gm.) & Super Narrow Target Inside Pad (1.30 gm.) (GG
Phase 1 - P13AT24 Web Made on Nov. 10, 2006) 225.degree. F. Oven
Temperature, Standard Super White Barrels
[0048] Table 3 provides results for Super Plus tampons made roughly
in accordance with this invention. As you can see, the average
absorbency for the Super Plus sort was 13.01 grams, which meets the
specification of 12-15 grams. The average gm/gm for the Super Plus
sort was 4.19 grams. The average ejection force for the Super Plus
sort was 24.82 oz.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Summary of Weights, Moisture Levels and
Absorbencies for Super Plus Absorbency Tampons of this Invention
(2'' .times. 4'' Inside Pads and 4'' .times. 2'' Outside Pads) g
per g Ejection Tampon Dry Moisture, % Syngyna Absorbency Key
Statistics Forces, oz. Weights (gms.) Loss on Drying Absorbency
Capacity Average (of all tested) 24.82 3.01 11.15 13.01 4.19
Standard Deviation 5.641 0.142 0.370 0.521 0.130 Number Tested 30
30 5 30 30 Maximum 36.22 3.32 11.68 14.01 4.43 Minimum 14.93 2.71
10.77 12.02 3.96 Note: Tampons Made on HP Machine Made (Nov. 11,
2006) 3.05 gm. Super Plus Wide Target Outside Pad (1.39 gm.) &
Super Plus Narrow Target Inside Pad (1.66 gm.) (Web Made on Nov.
10, 2006) 260.degree. F. Oven Tubes, Standard Super White
Barrels
[0049] Results reported in Tables 2 and 3 above are for tampon
pledgets made with standard barrels. A subsequent study was done on
33 super and 33 super plus tampons made with barrels containing
erucamide. This provided not only comparable results in terms of
absorbency but also significantly lower ejection forces. Tables 4
and 5 provide a summary of those results for Super and Super Plus
non-deodorant (non-deo) tampons respectively. As you can see,
results are favorable for ejection force, absorbency and gram per
gram absorbency capacity relative to results for comparable prior
art tampons.
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Super Results 06-0251 GG Phase 1 Super ND
(Dec. 5, 2006) Input/Output Pledget Study GG Dec. 5, 2006 PHASE 1
MEASUREMENT Spec. Range SUPER ND Narrow Pad Dimension 2 .+-. .25''
AVERAGE 1.861 (Width) (1.75-2.25) STDEV 0.0459 Narrow Pad Dimension
4 .+-. .25'' AVERAGE 3.922 (Length) (3.75-4.25) STDEV 0.0499 Narrow
Pad (Weight) NA AVERAGE 1.235 STDEV 0.1102 Wide Pad Dimension
(Width) 2 .+-. .25'' AVERAGE 3.713 (1.75-2.25) STDEV 0.1264 Wide
Pad Dimension (Length) 4 .+-. .25'' AVERAGE 1.981 (3.75-4.25) STDEV
0.0324 Wide Pad (Weight) NA AVERAGE 0.838 STDEV 0.1042 Pledget
Initial 25 oz. Max AVERAGE 18.44 Ejection Force STDEV 1.1404
Pledget Dry Weight 2.60 .+-. .25'' AVERAGE 2.40 (1.65-2.15) STDEV
0.2246 Pledget Corrected AVERAGE 2.57 Weight (14%) STDEV 0.2405
Pledget Absorbency 9-12 grams AVERAGE 10.16 STDEV 0.7919 Pledget
Gm/Gm NA AVERAGE 3.96 STDEV 0.0953
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Super Plus Results 06-0257 GG Phase 1 Super
Plus ND (Dec. 8, 2006) Input/Output Pledget Study GG PHASE 1 Dec.
8, 2006 SUPER MEASUREMENT Spec. Range PLUS ND Narrow Pad Dimension
(Width) 2 .+-. .25'' AVERAGE 1.931 (1.75-2.25) STDEV 0.0357 Narrow
Pad Dimension (Length) 4 .+-. .25'' AVERAGE 3.909 (3.75-4.25) STDEV
0.0619 Narrow Pad (Weight) 1.27-2.33 AVERAGE 1.600 grams STDEV
0.0935 Wide Pad Dimension (Width) 4 .+-. .25'' AVERAGE 3.834
(3.75-4.25) STDEV 0.0583 Wide Pad Dimension (Length) 2 .+-. .25''
AVERAGE 1.955 (1.75-2.25) STDEV 0.0469 Wide Pad (Weight) 1.08-1.80
AVERAGE 1.388 grams STDEV 0.1291 Pledget Initial 25 oz. Max AVERAGE
25.21 Ejection Force STDEV 2.2750 Pledget Dry Weight 3.31 .+-.
.25'' AVERAGE 3.19 (1.65-2.15) STDEV 0.1906 Pledget Corrected
AVERAGE 3.37 Weight (14%) STDEV 0.2017 Pledget Absorbency 12-15
grams AVERAGE 12.86 STDEV 0.5045 Pledget Gm/Gm NA AVERAGE 3.82
STDEV 0.1358
[0050] Additional absorbency rate testing of the tampon pledgets
made above and described in the Tables above against some
competitive, commercially available tampons was conducted. Since
the test was not standard, the detailed protocol is provided
below.
[0051] Test Method: Protocol for Gravimetric Absorption Testing
System (GATS) Testing
[0052] GATS uses a patent-based method to reliably determine
absorption characteristics. By employing a sensitive scale, slide,
and software, the GATS can run either horizontal or vertical
absorption studies by manipulating test plates. Either or both the
capillary and structural liquid intake of a desired substrate can
be assessed by GATS. The GATS is commercially available form MK
Systems.
[0053] The GATS is widely used in the many industries, including
nonwoven, tissue, paper towel, textile, and powder based areas. Any
solid material that absorbs liquid can be measured with the GATS,
using a method that takes user-variability out of testing. After
each test has been completed, data is then downloaded to a PC. The
liquid source is automatically refilled.
[0054] Briefly, the GATS monitors the rate at which a liquid is
absorbed onto a test plate. Tests are started either by solenoid
action or by the placement of a sample onto the plate. An internal
microprocessor takes several readings of the scale's output every
second. The test stops when the flow rate drops below a
predetermined rate or a predetermined time.
[0055] Typically, the test plate is attached to a vertical leveling
mechanism. This prevents the formation of excess hydrostatic head
during a test. The test plate is lowered at the same rate at which
the liquid level in the reservoir drops. This eliminates the
effects of gravity, providing a truer profile of the material's
absorptive characteristics. The balance is very accurate (+/-0.001
g). This accuracy and precision provides the necessary
discrimination for an accurate profiling of the absorbency of a
given material.
[0056] Key External References Pertaining to the GATS System
[0057] The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM)
actually suggests using the GATS for standard absorption testing. A
key ASTM reference is: American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) D 5802-95, Standard Test Method for Sorption of Bibulous
Paper Products (Sorptive Rate and Capacity Using Gravimetric
Principles). Test method ASTM D5802-95 was followed, except as
noted on the next page.
[0058] Modifications for the Study of Rate of Absorbency by
Tampons
[0059] The dry mass of the tampon is the mass of the fiber capsule
with the string cut flush to the tampon. (The strings were cut,
because it interfered with absorption measurements, by becoming
immersed in the fluid.)
[0060] All tests were made at zero hydrostatic head, which means
that the test stopped automatically when the product was saturated
and did not absorb fluid further. The fluid used was 1% saline. The
fluid was allowed to be absorbed from the end that enters the body
cavity first, i.e. from the end opposite to the one that has the
string attached.
[0061] The tests were performed on GATS with a special attachment
that held the tampon vertically over the fluid hole and imposed
lateral pressure over much of their periphery, using four curved
pieces of Teflon connected arranged at 90 degrees with respect to
one another and connected to a larger Plexiglas enclosure by a
spring. The pressure applied was such that the tampon could expand
somewhat during absorption of fluid. The applied pressure was to
mimic the pressure typically exerted by the vaginal walls. This
provided an absorptive capacity comparable to what is seen in a
typical syngyna absorbency test.
[0062] Results were then summarized in a series of excel
spreadsheets. Tables 6 through 6f provide a summary of the results
for rates of absorbency estimated at the five-second mark after
tampon absorption had started. Results were comparable at the 2 and
10 second marks as well. Rates of absorbency of tampons are most
relevant at the shorter times. If the rates are too slow at these
times, bypass leakage becomes more likely. As you can see from the
Tables, rates of absorbency for the tampon pledgets according to
the present invention at these times are faster and thus superior
to those rates for commercially available prior art tampon
pledgets.
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Comparison of Absorbency Rates (g per g per
sec) at the 5 second mark to Various Commercial Tampons Absorbency
Super Brand Super Plus Comments Gentle Glide Average 0.265 0.252
10-20 tampons were tested for each Standard Dev. 0.045 0.031
brand/absorbency The tampons of the previous invention were those
described above. Tampons of the Present Invention Average 0.321
0.257 Overall, the Tampons of the present Standard Dev. 0.022 0.019
invention are fastest absorbing. Tampax Pearl Average 0.192 0.145
somewhat low relative to Gentle Standard Dev. 0.023 0.022 Glide and
those of present invention. Kotex Average 0.156 0.116 lowest
overall Standard Dev. 0.022 0.018
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6a Absorbent Capacity, gram per gram absorbent
capacity, Super Absorbency Tampons Brand Playtex Kotex Gentle
Playtex Security Glide, Gentle Tampons of this Invention, Tampax
Pearl, (no non- Glide, unscented unscented Tampax Pearl, scented
scent) deodorant Deodorant 6.243 4.64 4.47 4.32 4.29 4.87 5.947
4.44 4.89 4.25 4.98 4.80 5.930 4.50 4.70 3.66 4.92 5.17 5.679 4.68
4.72 4.17 5.31 5.27 6.344 4.69 4.65 4.08 5.28 5.17 5.759 4.61 4.30
3.80 4.91 5.25 6.328 4.24 4.33 3.70 5.53 5.16 5.793 4.32 4.79 4.36
5.59 5.23 6.149 4.50 4.67 4.40 5.73 5.03 5.789 4.54 4.53 4.04 5.24
4.94 3.84 4.66 3.64 5.83 4.07 4.15 3.99 3.98 4.14 3.84 3.79 4.20
4.54 3.91 4.27 3.97 Average 5.996 4.516 4.606 4.079 5.176 5.104
Std. Dev. 0.250 0.149 0.192 0.272 0.420 0.169 Probability that t
test is 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 significantly different (I.e.
higher) for tampons of this invention vs. competitive offering
--->
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 6b Absorbent Capacity, gram per gram absorbent
capacity, Super Plus Absorbency Tampons Brand Playtex Kotex Gentle
Playtex Security Glide, Gentle Tampons of this Invention, Tampax
Pearl, (no non- Glide, unscented unscented Tampax Pearl, scented
scent) deodorant Deodorant 6.383 4.403 4.258 4.269 6.111 6.178
6.164 4.640 4.177 3.318 6.008 6.335 6.124 4.273 3.957 4.079 6.511
6.276 6.075 4.495 3.785 4.039 6.228 6.484 5.510 4.271 4.328 3.399
6.144 6.212 5.864 4.240 4.626 3.947 6.590 5.995 6.260 4.083 4.370
3.916 6.078 6.583 5.927 4.183 4.240 3.983 6.377 6.612 6.623 4.347
4.400 3.939 6.260 6.138 6.472 4.283 4.449 4.193 6.121 6.393 4.391
4.294 3.628 6.455 6.163 4.273 4.400 3.768 6.062 6.189 3.826 4.073
4.123 3.831 3.642 4.002 4.149 4.077 4.223 3.735 4.136 3.969 Average
6.140 4.322 4.259 3.908 6.243 6.321 Std. Dev. 0.323 0.159 0.243
0.311 0.193 0.200 Probability that t test is 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.38
0.20 significantly different (I.e. higher) for tampons of this
invention vs. competitive offering --->
TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 6c Rate of Absorbency, at 2 seconds, gram per
gram per second, Super Absorbency Tampons Brand Playtex Tampax
Tampax Playtex Gentle Gentle Tampons of this Pearl, Pearl, Kotex
Security (no Glide, non- Glide, Invention, unscented unscented
scented scent) deodorant Deodorant 0.373 0.195 0.189 0.194 0.182
0.194 0.388 0.178 0.195 0.181 0.288 0.182 0.382 0.177 0.215 0.122
0.199 0.200 0.336 0.150 0.232 0.156 0.304 0.214 0.347 0.191 0.224
0.155 0.317 0.227 0.325 0.217 0.216 0.166 0.305 0.231 0.398 0.221
0.209 0.179 0.346 0.232 0.345 0.194 0.233 0.237 0.364 0.235 0.351
0.154 0.242 0.200 0.331 0.226 0.320 0.223 0.232 0.191 0.322 0.196
0.256 0.163 0.200 0.196 0.240 0.109 0.376 0.159 0.195 0.170 0.160
0.164 0.149 0.150 0.168 0.206 0.163 0.197 0.165 Average 0.362 0.190
0.219 0.178 0.296 0.211 Std. Dev. 0.027 0.026 0.017 0.031 0.060
0.020 Probability that t test is 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00
significantly different (I.e. faster) for tampons of this invention
vs. competitive offering --->
TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 6d Rate of Absorbency, at 2 seconds, gram per
gram per second, Super Plus Absorbency Tampons Brand Playtex Tampax
Tampax Playtex Gentle Gentle Tampons of this Pearl, Pearl, Kotex
Security (no Glide, non- Glide, Invention, unscented unscented
scented scent) eodorant Deodorant 0.256 0.141 0.174 0.122 0.260
0.239 0.279 0.160 0.163 0.101 0.256 0.240 0.333 0.153 0.140 0.078
0.210 0.305 0.253 0.155 0.134 0.107 0.235 0.281 0.272 0.128 0.126
0.125 0.114 0.255 0.270 0.168 0.159 0.138 0.308 0.251 0.259 0.192
0.096 0.131 0.274 0.295 0.291 0.184 0.138 0.134 0.293 0.283 0.269
0.148 0.162 0.268 0.310 0.293 0.209 0.156 0.238 0.296 0.180 0.124
0.305 0.294 0.180 0.106 0.331 0.298 0.117 0.123 0.126 0.108 0.092
0.138 0.130 0.124 0.138 0.111 0.158 Average 0.277 0.160 0.149 0.122
0.246 0.276 Std. Dev. 0.024 0.021 0.030 0.024 0.054 0.027
Probability that t test is 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.88 significantly
different (I.e. faster) for tampons of this invention vs.
competitive offering --->
TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 6e Rate of Absorbency, at 5 seconds, gram per
gram per second, Super Absorbency Tampons Brand Tampons of this
Kotex Playtex Gentle Playtex Invention, Tampax Pearl, Tampax Pearl,
Security (no Glide, non- Gentle Glide, unscented unscented scented
scent) deodorant Deodorant 0.335 0.180 0.176 0.174 0.241 0.231
0.344 0.165 0.182 0.168 0.238 0.222 0.340 0.166 0.199 0.115 0.199
0.244 0.303 0.142 0.213 0.146 0.221 0.256 0.317 0.177 0.206 0.145
0.175 0.280 0.295 0.200 0.200 0.148 0.284 0.285 0.355 0.204 0.193
0.155 0.254 0.293 0.310 0.181 0.213 0.204 0.271 0.295 0.318 0.144
0.221 0.178 0.250 0.284 0.290 0.204 0.212 0.169 0.223 0.182 0.234
0.146 0.281 0.182 0.221 0.104 0.300 0.148 0.171 0.158 0.149 0.153
0.139 0.140 0.157 0.190 0.151 0.181 0.154 Average 0.322 0.176 0.201
0.160 0.236 0.238 Std. Dev. 0.021 0.023 0.015 0.024 0.033 0.015
Probability that t test is 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 significantly
different (I.e. faster) for tampons of this invention vs.
competitive offering --->
TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 6f Rate of Absorbency, at 5 seconds, gram per
gram per second, Super Plus Absorbency Tampons Brand Tampons of
this Kotex Playtex Gentle Playtex Invention, Tampax Pearl, Tampax
Pearl, Security Glide, non- Gentle Glide, unscented unscented
scented (no scent) deodorant Deodorant 0.241 0.134 0.162 0.116
0.260 0.281 0.259 0.141 0.153 0.097 0.256 0.262 0.303 0.121 0.133
0.075 0.210 0.238 0.236 0.131 0.127 0.102 0.235 0.234 0.251 0.134
0.120 0.116 0.114 0.274 0.250 0.151 0.150 0.128 0.308 0.264 0.243
0.145 0.093 0.121 0.274 0.285 0.267 0.146 0.141 0.124 0.293 0.274
0.252 0.124 0.141 0.146 0.268 0.271 0.272 0.157 0.193 0.143 0.238
0.274 0.179 0.168 0.114 0.305 0.170 0.168 0.101 0.331 0.111 0.117
0.120 0.103 0.088 0.130 0.124 0.118 0.130 0.105 Average 0.257 0.138
0.141 0.110 0.246 0.266 Std. Dev. 0.019 0.012 0.027 0.018 0.054
0.017 Probability that t test is 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.93 0.50
significantly different (I.e. faster) for tampons of this invention
vs. competitive offering --->
EXAMPLE 5
[0063] The tampon pledgets according to the present invention were
tested to determine the fiber weight distribution across the entire
length of the formed pledget.
[0064] Test Method for Tampon Cross-Section Slicing Equipment
[0065] EdgeCraft electric food slicer or equivalent, electronic or
dial calipers, tampon barrel-pledget holding device(s) (1-Regular
& 1-Super), Sartorius BP110 Digital Scales or equivalent, and
pin gauges.
[0066] Procedure
[0067] Using the EdgeCraft 662 Electric Slicer and Holder, remove
the tampon plunger and cut the string flush with the bottom edge of
the finger grip portion of the barrel. Insert the finger grip end
of the barrel into the slide portion of the holding fixture up to
the second ring from the top. Insert the slide portion to be sliced
into the mounted holder base. Set the slicer thickness control knob
setting to the number 5 to start. This setting will yield an
approximate slice thickness of 1/8''.
[0068] With the carriage-holder assembly positioned to the left,
and hands away from the blade, turn on the "ON/OFF" power switch(s)
as described. To minimize the possibility of accidentally powering
the slicer, it is designed with a double switch system. The
left-on/off power switch must be pushed first. To start the blade,
next push the right spring-loaded safety switch (the switch will
return instantly to a "neutral" position). When the slicer blade is
rotating, an indicator light positioned to the right of the
switches will be on. To stop the slicing blade, press the top of
the left switch.
[0069] Cross-Section Slicing
[0070] With the slicer blade now operating, grasp the slicer
carriage with the left hand and the tampon holder with the right
hand. Advance the tip of the tampon applicator into contact with
the rotating blade. After each slice, the slice part(s) will drop
into the tray placed on the slicer base on the opposite side of the
blade. After each slice, return the carriage to the left and press
the tampon forward preparing for the next slice. (First 2 slices
will usually remove only the petals).
[0071] Upon making the first whole slice consisting of a solid ring
of plastic and rayon, remove this piece and verify the thickness
using electronic or dial calipers. The key to a good even slice is
to cut slowly and with even pressure. The slice thickness should be
no less than 1/8'' of an inch or greater if specified. If the part
is too thick or thin, readjust the "Thickness Control Knob" as
necessary (higher the setting, the thicker the part and
vise-versa).
[0072] Upon making the first acceptable slice, you must keep each
slice positioned on the tray in the order in which it was sliced
(required for proper density identification throughout the entire
pledget). The last slice should end approximately at the barrel
parting line. The first full slice ring to start with, will be just
below the petal slots. This will be the start of the procedure and
will require the following: [0073] Remove the rayon from the
plastic slice ring and weigh and document the rayon weight. [0074]
Utilizing the appropriate size "Pin Gage", measure the inside
diameter of the plastic ring and document. [0075] In the order of
slicing, each ring-rayon slice must be correlated and documented
together (in sliced order) throughout the entire individual tampon
slicing.
Calculation
[0076] Pledget Density = Mass of Pledget Cross Section Area ( Pin
Gage Meas . ) .times. Plastic Ring Thickness ( 0.125 '' )
##EQU00001##
[0077] Report
[0078] Record the individual weight of each piece of rayon and
measure and record the inside diameter of each sliced plastic ring
in the order that they were sliced. The results of this study are
set forth in FIGS. 4 through 9.
[0079] While the present invention has been described with
reference to one or more exemplary embodiments, it will be
understood by those skilled in the art that various changes may be
made and equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof
without departing from the scope of the invention. In addition,
many modifications may be made to adapt a particular situation or
material to the teachings of the disclosure without departing from
the scope thereof.
* * * * *