U.S. patent application number 10/585770 was filed with the patent office on 2008-11-06 for substitute specification profiled membrane.
Invention is credited to Heinz Peter Raidt, Jorn Schroer.
Application Number | 20080271400 10/585770 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34778062 |
Filed Date | 2008-11-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080271400 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Raidt; Heinz Peter ; et
al. |
November 6, 2008 |
Substitute Specification Profiled Membrane
Abstract
The invention relates to a membrane, in particular for use as an
insulation layer for building walls and floors, a sandwich panel
comprising a base body and a membrane which is disposed on the base
body, to a method for the production of a membrane provided with a
surface having a reflection degree more than 0.2 (20% reflection),
in addition to a method for thermally insulating a building. In
order to provide a membrane having a high resistance to thermal
transmission and to improve the thermal insulation of a sandwich
panel, the membrane has a surface which has a high degree of
reflection and/or the sandwich plate is provided with a
corresponding membrane. The invention also relates to a method for
the production of a membrane reflecting infrared radiation, in
addition to a method for the thermal insulation of a building, such
that a film coated with metal, in particular vacuum-coated metal,
runs towards a plastic web of material after extrusion and is
subsequently subjected to the formation step of the membranes.
Inventors: |
Raidt; Heinz Peter;
(Dortmund, DE) ; Schroer; Jorn; (Herdecke,
DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BACHMAN & LAPOINTE, P.C.
900 CHAPEL STREET, SUITE 1201
NEW HAVEN
CT
06510
US
|
Family ID: |
34778062 |
Appl. No.: |
10/585770 |
Filed: |
January 14, 2005 |
PCT Filed: |
January 14, 2005 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2005/000350 |
371 Date: |
June 19, 2008 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/408 ;
52/741.4; 52/745.19; 52/783.17 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D 31/02 20130101;
E04F 15/182 20130101; E04D 13/1606 20130101; E04D 3/357 20130101;
E04F 15/18 20130101; E04F 15/185 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/408 ;
52/783.17; 52/745.19; 52/741.4 |
International
Class: |
E04C 2/296 20060101
E04C002/296 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 14, 2004 |
DE |
10 2004 002 115.5 |
Claims
1-15. (canceled)
16. A profiled membrane for insulating walls of buildings and
floors including profiles embossed out on at least one side of a
plane and a surface having a degree of reflection of more than 0.2
(20% reflection) in order to increase thermal transmission
resistance on either side of the plane.
17. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein said plane
has two sides and each side has an embossed profile.
18. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein the
surface has a degree of reflection of more than 0.35 (35%
reflection).
19. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein the
surface has a degree of reflection of more than 0.5 (50%
reflection).
20. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein the
profiled membrane is made of plastic.
21. The profiled membrane according to claim 20, wherein said
plastic is a pigmented plastic reflecting infrared radiation.
22. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein said
profiled membrane has a smooth surface.
23. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein the
surface reflects or absorbs electromagnetic radiation.
24. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein the
surface absorbs electromagnetic radiation by at least 5 dB,
preferably by at least 10 dB, particularly preferably by at least
15 dB.
25. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein the
surface absorbs electromagnetic radiation by at least 10 dB.
26. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein the
surface absorbs electromagnetic radiation by at least 15 dB.
27. The profiled membrane according to claim 16, wherein the
surface is provided with a reflective coating.
28. The profiled membrane according to claim 20, wherein the
plastic contains color pigments in particular titanium dioxide or
metal pigments.
29. The profiled membrane according to claim 28, wherein the color
pigments are selected from the group consisting of titanium dioxide
and metal pigments.
30. The profiled membrane according to claim 20, wherein the
plastic surface of the profiled membrane is coated with metal.
31. A composite panel including a base body and a profiled membrane
provided on the base body, said profiled membrane comprising a
membrane according to claim 16.
32. The composite panel according to claim 31, wherein the base
body is a chipboard or a plywood panel.
33. The composite panel according to claim 31, further comprising a
metal foil or vapor-metallized plastics foil disposed on a side of
the base body facing the profiled membrane.
34. The composite panel according to claim 31, further comprising
the base body including two pairs of parallel edges, and said two
pairs of parallel edges comprising two neighboring edges provided
with coupling elements in the form of a groove and two other edges
provided with a tongue which fits into one of the grooves.
35. A process for the manufacture of a profiled membrane which
includes profiles embossed out on at least one side of a plane and
a surface having a degree of reflection of more than 0.2, said
process comprising the steps of: extruding a membrane made from
plastic; feeding a metal-coated foil after extrusion towards said
membrane; and subjecting said metal-coated foil to a profiles
moulding process.
36. The process according to claim 35, wherein said foil feeding
step comprises feeding a vapor-metallized foil.
37. A process for thermally insulating a floor comprising the steps
of: providing a profiled membrane which includes profiles embossed
out on at least one side of a plane and a surface having a degree
of reflection or more than 0.2; arranging said profiled membrane on
a surface to be insulated; and applying a base body to the profiled
membrane.
38. The process according to claim 37, wherein said arranging step
comprises arranging said profiled membrane on a floor.
39. The process according to claim 37, wherein said profiled
membrane providing step comprises providing a profiled membrane
having a surface with a degree of reflection of more than
0.35%.
40. The process according to claim 37, wherein said profiled
membrane providing step comprises providing a profiled membrane
having a surface with a degree of reflection of more than 0.50%.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] (1) Field of the Invention
[0002] The invention relates to a profiled membrane, in particular
for use as an insulation layer for walls of buildings, floors and
roofs, to a composite panel comprising a base body and a profiled
membrane disposed on the base body, to a process for manufacturing
a profiled membrane with a surface having a degree of reflection of
more than 0.2 (20% reflection), in particular more than 0.35 (35%
reflection) or 0.5 (50% reflection) as well as to a process for
thermally insulating a building, in particular for thermally
insulating a floor.
[0003] (2) Prior Art
[0004] Known profiled membranes of the type mentioned in the
opening paragraph are normally used to protect the foundation wall,
in which case they are provided between the ground and the exterior
of the foundation wall or, respectively, an insulating body used
there, fulfilling, in addition, a drainage function.
[0005] However, the profiled membranes currently used have no
effect on the thermal insulation of the buildings, since their
thermal transmission resistance is extremely low, in particular as
a result of low reflection properties of the surfaces. Thus,
currently used brown or black profiled membranes have a degree of
reflection of merely 2-5%.
[0006] Known composite panels of the type mentioned in the opening
paragraph are used as floor panels, preferably abroad, in which
case they are used between heated living areas and an unheated
basement, for example a concrete base of a cellar or a living area
established at ground level.
[0007] In this context, the composition of the composite panel
comprises, for example, a base body consisting of a chipboard panel
or a plywood panel and a profiled membrane fitted to the base body.
The profiled membrane serves in this case both as a vapour barrier
against humidity, which might possibly rise up from the concrete
base, as well as for a resilient mounting of the floor panel so
that a certain damping effect is attained.
[0008] However, the use of such composite panels suffers from the
drawback that, despite the cavities between the profiled membrane
and the concrete base as well as in the profiles themselves, only
unsatisfactory thermal insulation is attained. Known solutions to
this problem provide the use of an additional insulating layer
between the profiled membrane and the base body. This may well
improve thermal insulation as a whole, but headroom will be lost
due to the required thickness of the insulating layer, being
particularly problematic when using such a composite panel in old
buildings. Furthermore, the manufacture of such composite panels
comprising an insulating layer proves to be very complex and last,
but not least, extremely expensive because of the additionally
required insulating material.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] It is, therefore, the object of the invention to provide a
profiled membrane having a high resistance to heat transmission as
well as to improve the thermal insulation of a composite panel of
the type mentioned in the opening paragraph while retaining the
fundamental structure of known composite panels. It is further the
object of the invention to provide a process for the production of
a profiled membrane reflecting infrared radiation as well as a
process for thermally insulating a building, in particular for
thermally insulating a floor.
[0010] The invention attains the object by a profiled membrane
which includes profiles embossed out on at least one side of a
plane and a surface having a degree of reflection of more than 0.2
(20% reflection) in order to increase thermal transmission
resistance on either side of the plane by a composite panel which
has a base body and a profiled member on the base body as well as
by a process for manufacturing a profiled member. Advantageous
further developments of the invention are described in the
dependent claims.
[0011] The profiled membrane according to the invention is
characterised by a surface, which has a high degree of reflection.
A high degree of reflection, within the scope of the invention,
means in this context a reflection of the surface of more than 20%.
The profiled membrane may in this case, in principle, comprise
moulded hollow profiles on one side or on both sides of a plane, in
which context profiled membranes with profiles formed on one side
are preferred for manufacturing the composite panel according to
the invention. The profiled membrane is in this context fitted to a
base body by its side facing away from the profiles.
[0012] The total thermal transmission resistance of the profiled
membrane as well as of the composite panel is the combination of
the thermal transmission resistance to radial heat and the thermal
transmission resistance to convection heat. The total thermal
transmission resistance is mathematically calculated from the
reciprocal value of the sum of the thermal transmission resistance
values to convection and radial heat. Due to the high degree of
reflection of the surface of the profiled membrane, the thermal
transmission resistance to radial heat and, as a result, the total
thermal transmission resistance, may be influenced.
[0013] The broad field of application of the profiled membrane
according to the invention, for example for installing a floor, for
sealing walls of buildings in the ground or above ground or for
insulating the roof area, permits in this context to provide the
buildings with particularly high thermal insulation as a whole,
which contributes to a clear reduction in heating costs.
[0014] In order that the high degree of reflection of the surface
of the profiled membrane considerably improves its thermal
transmission resistance to radial heat, it is necessary for air
layers to adjoin the surface of the profiled membrane. Using the
profiled membrane according to the invention for assembling the
composite panel ensures the existence of sufficient air layers,
where applicable on the surface of the profiled membrane, according
to the distribution of profiles and free surface areas.
[0015] In the case of the preferred use of a profiled membrane
comprising profiles, moulded thereon on one side, air layers border
on large portions of the profiled membrane in a position of use of
the composite panel, for example when used as a floor panel. Thus,
an air layer is present between the cavities of the profiles formed
between the profiled membrane and the base body. A further
labyrinth-like contiguous air layer is present between the
profiles. These extensive regions ensure that the total thermal
transmission resistance of the composite panel is increased
substantially by the high degree of reflection of the profiled
membrane.
[0016] According to an advantageous further development of the
invention, the surface of the profiled membrane has a degree of
reflection higher than 0.2 (20% reflection), in particular higher
than 0.35 (35% reflection) or 0.5 (50% reflection). At a degree of
reflection as low as 0.2, the thermal transmission resistance of
the profiled membrane in comparison with dark profiled membranes
having a degree of reflection of 0.02 to 0.05 is higher at least by
the factor 1.2. At a degree of reflection of 0.35 or 0.5 the
thermal transmission resistance of the composite panel corresponds
to more or less 1.4 times or 1.7 times respectively, the value of
dark profiled membranes. This ensures, therefore, that high thermal
insulation is attained or that the insulating performance is
increased without using additional insulating materials.
[0017] In principle, the profiled membrane may be produced in any
desired manner and may be designed to have a high degree of
reflection. According to a further development of the invention,
the profiled membrane is, however, formed of plastics, in
particular pigmented plastics, reflecting infrared radiation. Such
a profiled membrane made of plastics is characterised, in
particular, by its simple and cost-effective production as well as
its formability and flexibility. These properties further permit a
particularly favourably priced and unproblematic production of a
composite panel.
[0018] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the
profiled membrane presents a smooth surface. Such a configuration
of the surface structure of the profiled membrane increases the
degree of reflection in a complementary manner, attaining an
additional increase of the thermal transmission resistance to
radial heat, so that the total thermal transmission resistance of
the composite panel is further enhanced.
[0019] The possibilities to design the profiled membrane with a
high degree of reflection, are very diverse. According to a further
development of the invention, the surface of the profiled membrane
comprises a reflective coating. Depending on the type of coating,
the latter may be applied to the surface of the profiled membrane,
in a mechanical manner, by vacuum-metallisation or in any other
manner.
[0020] The coating may furthermore be so designed that it is
suitable to reflect or at least absorb electro-magnetic radiation.
The attenuation amounts in this context to at least 5 dB,
preferably at least 10 dB, particularly preferably at least 15 dB.
Due to this design of the profiled membrane according to the
invention, its field of application is enhanced in a complementary
manner, taking into account the increasing significance of
shielding living and working space from undesirable electromagnetic
radiation.
[0021] The coating may, for example, be brought about by applying
to the surface of the profiled membrane a pigment-containing
liquid, the pigments remaining on the surface of the profiled
membrane after the liquid has drained off, conferring to the said
profiled membrane its reflective properties.
[0022] When using plastics for producing the profiled membrane, the
coating may also be generated by a separate foil, which is fed
towards the profiled membrane made of plastics immediately after
extrusion, and may subsequently likewise be subjected to the
moulding process of the profiles. The use of a metal-coated foil,
by means of which a degree of reflection of the profiled membrane
of 50-80% may be attained, has proved to be particularly
advantageous in this context.
[0023] Coating of the surface of the profiled membrane according to
this further development of the invention permits the use of any
desired profiled membranes for manufacturing the composite panel.
The degree of reflection may be freely selected by correspondingly
choosing the coating, regardless of the material of the respective
profiled membrane.
[0024] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the
plastics contains colour pigments, in particular titanium dioxide
or metal pigments, for example aluminium pigments. In this
embodiment of the invention, the pigments may already be mixed into
a corresponding plastics molten mass prior to the extrusion of the
profiled membrane, so that a post-treatment of the profiled
membrane after extrusion in order to increase the degree of
reflection, may be dispensed with. The titanium oxide, but in
particular the metal pigments, for example the aluminium pigments,
are characterised in this context by their property of permitting a
profiled membrane having a high degree of reflection to be formed
even when present in low concentrations in the plastics melt. The
positive properties of the profiled membrane made of plastics, such
as flexibility, impact resistance, stability etc., are in this
context not negatively affected by the titanium oxide.
[0025] According to a further embodiment of the profiled membrane,
the surface of the profiled membrane is coated with metal. The
metal coating may, for example, be applied by vacuum-metallisation
or be applied to the surface of the profiled membrane mechanically
in the form of a foil. The metal coating which may, for example, be
produced by using aluminium or chromium, makes it possible to
increase the degree of reflection of the profiled membrane up to
95%.
[0026] The profiled membrane according to the invention may, in
principle, be used on its own, for example for thermal insulation
in the floor, roof or wall region. Moreover, the profiled membrane
may also be combined with other materials or building materials,
such as sealers or thermal insulators, in which context the
manufacture of a correspondingly prefabricated product is also
possible, which will then offer the advantages of the profiled
membrane according to the invention and of the further
product(s).
[0027] When using the profiled membrane for producing the composite
body, the base body may be freely selected according to the field
of application of the composite panel. According to an advantageous
further development of the invention, the base body is in the form
of a chipboard panel or a plywood panel.
[0028] Chipboard and plywood panels are characterised, inter alia,
by their cost-effective production, their simple processing as well
as by their particularly favourable insulating properties, so that
the corresponding properties of the composite panel according to
the invention may be further improved. The further development of
the invention further permits a particularly cost-effective
production of the composite panel according to the invention.
[0029] Apart from using chipboard or plywood panels to serve as the
base body, known thermal insulators, such as, for example, mineral
fibre panels, may be used to manufacture a composite panel. These
may also be used in the roof region or for insulating the walls of
the buildings.
[0030] According to a further embodiment of the composite panel, a
metal foil or vapour-metallized plastic foil is provided on the
side of the base body facing the profiled membrane or between the
profiled membrane and the base body. This particularly simple
further development improves the thermal transmission resistance of
the composite body in a complementary manner.
[0031] According to a further development of the composite panel,
the base body includes two pairs of parallel edges, two
neighbouring edges being provided with coupling elements in the
form of a groove and the other two being provided with a tongue,
fitting into the groove. This further development offers the
advantage that the installation of the composite panel is
facilitated and the composite panels used may be interconnected
among one-another in a form-fitting manner, resulting in enhanced
stability of the assembly formed by a plurality of composite
panels.
[0032] The feeding of a metal-coated, in particular metallized
foil, e.g. aluminium on an LDPE-foil, after the extrusion of a
membrane made of plastics, is an important feature of the process
of producing a profiled membrane reflecting infrared radiation, in
which case in the subsequent forming process during which the
profiles are formed, the metal-coated, in particular
vapour-metallized foil adhering to the membrane made of plastics,
is also deformed therewith, so that a particularly stable
connection between this foil and the membrane made of plastics is
brought about.
[0033] It is a characterising feature of the process according to
the invention for thermally insulating a building, in particular
for thermally insulating a floor, that first a profiled membrane
having a degree of reflection of more than 0.2 (20% reflection), in
particular more than 0.35 (35% reflection) or 0.5 (50% reflection)
is arranged on the surface to be insulated, in particular the
floor, and that thereafter a base body is applied to the profiled
membrane.
[0034] This process permits in a particularly simple manner to
bring about thermal insulation on the spot, for example directly at
the building site. The placement of the profiled membrane is in
this context performed in a particularly simple manner, due to its
flexibility and good processability.
[0035] When using a profiled membrane made of plastics, the latter,
usually present in the rolled-up state, must merely be unrolled on
the surface to be insulated in order to bring about thermal
insulation. The base body is subsequently fitted to the profiled
membrane.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0036] An embodiment of the invention is elucidated in the
following with reference to the drawing. There is shown in:
[0037] FIG. 1 a section through a composite panel arranged on a
concrete base.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT(S)
[0038] FIG. 1 shows a profiled membrane 3 and a base body 2, which,
together, form a composite panel 1, illustrated in the position of
installation as a floor panel on a concrete base 5. The composite
panel 1 consists of a double-layered structure composed of the
profiled membrane 3 and the base body 2.
[0039] The profiled membrane 3 consists of plastics and comprises
diagonally extending profiles 4, formed on one side, with end faces
6 extending essentially parallel to the plane of the profiled
membrane, the said end faces being in contact with the concrete
base 5. In the position of installation of the composite panel 1,
extensive air layers border onto the profiled membrane 3 on either
side of the profiled membrane 3. By way of its side facing away
from the profiles 4, the profiled membrane 3 is adhesively bonded
to an underside 7 of the base body 2. An upper side 8 of the base
body 2 forms a walk-on side of the composite panel 1.
[0040] For attaining high thermal transmission resistance of the
composite panel 1, the plastics of the profiled membrane 3 has a
degree of reflection of 0.2 (20% reflection). The base body 2
consists of a chipboard panel.
[0041] A coating, not shown here, of the profiled membrane by means
of a varnish containing metal pigments brings about the shielding
from electromagnetic radiation of 17 dB in the range of 200 kHz to
10 GHz.
[0042] In what follows, two processes for the manufacture of a
profiled membrane provided with an infrared radiation reflecting
surface, are illustrated by way of example.
[0043] The manufacture may be realised by extrusion and continuous
vacuum-deep-drawing of 97% HDPE (e.g. Stamyland HD 7625 of the firm
Stamylan Deutschland) with a 3% aluminium pigment concentrate (e.g.
Mastersafe 10203 of the firm Eckhart), so that a weight per surface
area of 600 g/m.sup.2 is attained. The degree of reflection of a
profiled membrane manufactured in this manner, measured in the
infrared range of 2-20 .mu.m by means of an Ulbricht globe, is
22%.
[0044] Manufacture may, for example, also be performed in that, in
addition to the above mentioned process, a 15 g/m.sup.2 LDPE foil,
previously metallized with a 100 .mu.m aluminium coating is fed in
such a manner during extrusion that the metallized side faces the
molten mass. The foil becomes soft and is deep-drawn without
destroying the aluminium coating too severely.
[0045] The degree of reflection of a profiled membrane manufactured
in this manner, measured in the infrared region of 2-20 .mu.m by
means of an Ulbricht globe is 22% on the side without a metal foil
and 45% on the side with the metallized foil.
* * * * *