U.S. patent application number 11/907237 was filed with the patent office on 2008-10-23 for navigation device and method using a location message.
Invention is credited to Pieter Geelen, Victor Scherbatyuk.
Application Number | 20080262715 11/907237 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38753565 |
Filed Date | 2008-10-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080262715 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Geelen; Pieter ; et
al. |
October 23, 2008 |
Navigation device and method using a location message
Abstract
A method and a navigation device are disclosed for sharing at
least one location message with at least one other device. The
navigation device includes an input device to receive a command to
send at least one location message, the at least one location
message including a segment indicating a location and a transmitter
to send the at least one location message. The method includes
receiving a command to send at least one location message including
a segment indicating a location, and sending the at least one
location message from a navigation device.
Inventors: |
Geelen; Pieter; (Amstardam,
NL) ; Scherbatyuk; Victor; (Amsterdam, NL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
TOMTOM INTERNATIONAL B.V.
REMBRANDTPLEIN 35
AMSTERDAM
1017CT
NL
|
Family ID: |
38753565 |
Appl. No.: |
11/907237 |
Filed: |
October 10, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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60879523 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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60879549 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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60879553 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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60879577 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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60879599 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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60879533 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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60879529 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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60879601 |
Jan 10, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
701/533 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G08G 1/096741 20130101;
G08G 1/096716 20130101; G08G 1/096791 20130101; G01C 21/3697
20130101; G01C 21/3655 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
701/201 ;
701/200 |
International
Class: |
G01C 21/34 20060101
G01C021/34 |
Claims
1. A navigation device for sending at least one location message
with at least one other device, the navigation device comprising:
an input device to receive a command to send at least one location
message, the at least one location message including a segment
indicating a location; and a transmitter to send the at least one
location message.
2. The navigation device of claim 1 wherein the location is a
current location of the navigation device.
3. The navigation device of claim 1 wherein the input device is
included in an integrated display and input device, the integrated
display and input device to display a sending status of the at
least one location message.
4. The navigation device of claim 1 wherein the at least one
location message includes an electronic business card and the
location is a location associated with the electronic business
card.
5. The navigation device of claim 1 wherein the at least one
location message includes a form message.
6. The navigation device of claim 1 wherein the at least one other
device is one of a navigation device, a pager, a computer, a mobile
phone, and a personal digital assistant.
7. The navigation device of claim 1 wherein the transmitter sends a
string of messages includes the at least one location message.
8. A navigation device for receiving at least one location message
from at least one other device, the navigation device comprising: a
receiver to receive at least one location message, including a
segment indicating a location, from at least one other device; and
an input device for receiving a user command to store the
location.
9. The navigation device of claim 8 wherein the location is stored
as a point of interest.
10. The navigation device of claim 8 wherein the location is a
location of the at least one other device when the at least one
location message was sent.
11. The navigation device of claim 8 further comprising a processor
to plan a route from a current location of the navigation device to
a location of the at least one other device when the location
message was sent.
12. The navigation device of claim 8 wherein the at least one
location message is an electronic business card and the location is
a location associated with the electronic business card.
13. The navigation device of claim 12 further comprising a memory
to store the electronic business card.
14. The navigation device of claim 8 further comprising a display
device to indicate receipt of the at least one location message to
a user of the navigation device.
15. The navigation device of claim 8 wherein the location is a
location designated by a user of the at least one other device.
16. The navigation device of claim 15 further comprising a
processor to plan a route from a current location of the navigation
device to the address associated with the user of the at least one
other device.
17. The navigation device of claim 8 wherein the at least one other
device is one of a navigation device, a pager, a computer, a mobile
phone, and a personal digital assistant.
18. The navigation device of claim 8 further comprising a processor
to compile a single location message when the at least one location
message includes a string of messages.
19. The navigation device of claim 8 further comprising a memory to
stored the location, wherein the location is a stored as a favorite
location.
20. A navigation device for receiving at least one location
message, the navigation device comprising: a receiver to receive at
least one location message, including a segment indicating a
location, from at least one other device; an input device to
receive a user command to plan a route based on the location; and a
processor to plan the route based on the location.
21. The navigation device of claim 20 wherein the location is a
location of the at least one other device when the at least one
location message was sent.
22. The navigation device of claim 20 wherein the processor plans
the route from a current location of the navigation device.
23. The navigation device of claim 20 wherein the at least one
location message is an electronic business card and the location is
a location associated with the electronic business card.
24. The navigation device of claim 23 further comprising a memory
to store the electronic business card.
25. The navigation device of claim 20 wherein the location is a
location designated by a user of the at least one other device.
26. The navigation device of claim 20 wherein the at least one
other device is one of a navigation device, a pager, a computer, a
mobile phone, and a personal digital assistant.
27. A method for using a navigation device to send at least one
location message with at least one other device, the method
comprising: receiving a command to send at least one location
message including a segment indicating a location; and sending the
at least one location message from a navigation device.
28. The method of claim 27 wherein the location is a current
location of the navigation device.
29. The method of claim 27 wherein the at least one location
message includes an electronic business card.
30. The method of claim 27 wherein the at least one other device is
one of a navigation device, a computer, a mobile phone, and a
personal digital assistant.
31. A method for using a navigation device to receive at least one
location message from at least one other device, the method
comprising: receiving at least one location message, including a
segment indicating a location, from at least one other device; and
storing the location in memory associated with a navigation
device.
32. The method of claim 31 wherein the location is stored as a
point of interest.
33. The method of claim 31 wherein the location is stored as a
favorite location.
34. The method of claim 31 wherein the location is a location of
the at least one other device when the at least one location
message was sent.
35. The method of claim 31 wherein the at least one location
message includes an electronic business card.
36. The method of claim 35 wherein the electronic business card is
stored in the memory associated with a navigation device.
37. The method of claim 31 further comprising determining a route
from a current location of the navigation device to the
location.
38. A method for a using navigation device to receive at least one
location message, the method comprising: receiving at least one
location message, including a segment indicating a location, from
at least one other device; receiving a user command to plan a route
based on the location; and planning the route based on the
location.
39. The method of claim 38 wherein the location is a location of
the at least one other device when the at least one location
message was sent.
40. The method of claim 38 wherein the location is a location
designated by a user of the at least one other device.
40. The method of claim 38 further comprising displaying the
planned route on a display device of the navigation device.
42. The method of claim 38 wherein the planned route avoids the
location.
43. A navigation device for sharing at least one location message
with at least one other device, the navigation device comprising:
means for receiving a command to send at least one location, the at
least one location message including a segment indicating a
location; and means for sending the at least one location
message.
44. The navigation device of claim 43 wherein the location is a
current location of the navigation device.
45. The navigation device of claim 43 wherein the location is an
address associated with a user of the navigation device.
46. A navigation device for receiving at least one location message
from at least one other device, the navigation device comprising:
means for receiving at least one location message, including a
segment indicating a location, from at least one other device; and
means for storing the location in memory associated with a
navigation device.
47. The navigation device of claim 46 further comprising means for
determining a route from a current location of the navigation
device to the location, the location being an address designated by
a user of the at least one other device.
48. The navigation device of claim 46 wherein the location is
stored as one of a favorite location and a point of interest.
49. The navigation device of claim 46 further comprising means for
indicating receipt of the at least one location message to a user
of the navigation device.
50. A navigation device for receiving at least one location
message, the navigation device comprising: means for receiving at
least one location message, including a segment indicating a
location, from at least one other device; means for receiving a
user command to plan a route based on the location; and means for
planning the route based on the location.
51. The navigation device of claim 50 the location is a current
location of the at least one other device when the at least one
location message was sent.
Description
CO-PENDING APPLICATIONS
[0001] The following applications are being filed concurrently with
the present applications. The entire contents of each of the
following applications is hereby incorporated herein by reference:
A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EARLY INSTRUCTION OUTPUT
(Attorney docket number 06P207US01) filed on even date herewith; A
NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ESTABLISHING AND USING PROFILES
(Attorney docket number 06P207US02) filed on even date herewith; A
NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ENHANCED MAP DISPLAY (Attorney
docket number 06P207US03) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION
DEVICE AND METHOD RELATING TO AN AUDIBLE RECOGNITION MODE (Attorney
docket number 06P207US04) filed on even date herewith; NAVIGATION
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING POINTS OF INTEREST (Attorney docket
number 06P207US05) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE
AND METHOD FOR FUEL PRICING DISPLAY (Attorney docket number
06P057US06) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND
METHOD FOR INFORMATIONAL SCREEN DISPLAY (Attorney docket number
06P207US06) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND
METHOD FOR DEALING WITH LIMITED ACCESS ROADS (Attorney docket
number 06P057US07) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE
AND METHOD FOR TRAVEL WARNINGS (Attorney docket number 06P057US07)
filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR
DRIVING BREAK WARNING (Attorney docket number 06P057US07) filed on
even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR ISSUING
WARNINGS (Attorney docket number 06P207US07) filed on even date
herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR DISPLAY OF POSITION IN
TEXT READABLE FORM (Attorney docket number 06P207US08) filed on
even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR EMERGENCY
SERVICE ACCESS (Attorney docket number 06P057US08) filed on even
date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PROVIDING
REGIONAL TRAVEL INFORMATION IN A NAVIGATION DEVICE (Attorney docket
number 06P207US09) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE
AND METHOD FOR USING SPECIAL CHARACTERS IN A NAVIGATION DEVICE
(Attorney docket number 06P207US09) filed on even date herewith; A
NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD USING A PERSONAL AREA NETWORK
(Attorney docket number 06P207US10) filed on even date herewith; A
NAVIGATION DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONSERVING POWER (Attorney docket
number 06P207US11) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE
AND METHOD FOR USING A TRAFFIC MESSAGE CHANNEL (Attorney docket
number 06P207US13) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE
AND METHOD FOR USING A TRAFFIC MESSAGE CHANNEL RESOURCE (Attorney
docket number 06P207US13) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION
DEVICE AND METHOD FOR QUICK OPTION ACCESS (Attorney docket number
06P207US15) filed on even date herewith; A NAVIGATION DEVICE AND
METHOD FOR DISPLAYING A RICH CONTENT DOCUMENT (Attorney docket
number 06P207US27) filed on even date herewith.
PRIORITY STATEMENT
[0002] The present application hereby claims priority under 35
U.S.C. .sctn.119(e) on each of U.S. Provisional Patent Application
Nos. 60/879,523 filed Jan. 10, 2007; 60/879,549 filed Jan. 10,
2007; 60/879,553 filed Jan. 10, 2007; 60/879,577 filed Jan. 10,
2007; and 60/879,599 filed Jan. 10, 2007; the entire contents of
each of which is hereby incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD
[0003] The present application generally relates to navigation
methods and devices.
BACKGROUND
[0004] Navigation devices were traditionally utilized mainly in the
areas of vehicle use, such as on cars, motorcycles, trucks, boats,
etc. Alternatively, if such navigation devices were portable, they
were further transferable between vehicles and/or useable outside
the vehicle, for foot travel for example.
[0005] These devices provide a user with directions and map
information to direct the user from one location to another
location. These devices also included phone devices such that a
user could make a voice call and send a text message.
SUMMARY
[0006] The inventors of the present application developed a method
and implementation of a navigation device, to allow users of the
navigation device to send and/or receive at least one location
message to/from at least one other device.
[0007] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
navigation device includes an input device to receive a command to
send at least one location message, the at least one location
message including a segment indicating a location, and a
transmitter to send the at least one location message.
[0008] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
navigation device includes a receiver to receive at least one
location message, including a segment indicating a location, from
at least one other device, and an input device for receiving a user
command to store the location.
[0009] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
navigation device includes a receiver to receive at least one
location message, including a segment indicating a location, from
at least one other device, an input device to receive a user
command to plan a route based on the location, and a processor to
plan the route based on the location.
[0010] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
method includes receiving a command to send at least one location
message including a segment indicating a location, and sending the
at least one location message from a navigation device.
[0011] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
method includes receiving at least one location message, including
a segment indicating a location, from at least one other device,
and storing the location in memory associated with a navigation
device.
[0012] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
method includes receiving at least one location message, including
a segment indicating a location, from at least one other device,
receiving a user command to plan a route based on the location, and
planning the route based on the location.
[0013] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
navigation device includes means for receiving a command to send at
least one location, the at least one location message including a
segment indicating a location, and means for sending the at least
one location message.
[0014] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
navigation device includes means for receiving at least one
location message, including a segment indicating a location, from
at least one other device, and means for indicating receipt of the
at least one location message to a user of the navigation
device.
[0015] In at least one embodiment of the present application, a
navigation device includes means for receiving at least one
location message, including a segment indicating a location, from
at least one other device, means for receiving a user command to
plan a route based on the location, and means for planning the
route based on the location.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0016] The present application will be described in more detail
below by using example embodiments, which will be explained with
the aid of the drawings, in which:
[0017] FIG. 1 illustrates an example view of a Global Positioning
System (GPS);
[0018] FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of electronic
components of a navigation device of an embodiment of the present
application;
[0019] FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a server,
navigation device and connection therebetween of an embodiment of
the present application;
[0020] FIG. 4A illustrates a perspective view of a navigation
device separated from an arm of a docking station;
[0021] FIG. 4B illustrates a perspective view of a navigation
device connected to the arm of the docking station;
[0022] FIGS. 5A and 5B illustrates example displays for sending a
location message; and
[0023] FIG. 6 illustrates example displays for receiving a location
message.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXAMPLE EMBODIMENTS
[0024] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing
particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of
the present invention. As used herein, the singular forms "a",
"an", and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well,
unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will be further
understood that the terms "includes" and/or "including", when used
in this specification, specify the presence of stated features,
integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do
not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other
features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or
groups thereof.
[0025] In describing example embodiments illustrated in the
drawings, specific terminology is employed for the sake of clarity.
However, the disclosure of this patent specification is not
intended to be limited to the specific terminology so selected and
it is to be understood that each specific element includes all
technical equivalents that operate in a similar manner.
[0026] Referencing the drawings, wherein like reference numerals
designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several
views, example embodiments of the present patent application are
hereafter described. Like numbers refer to like elements
throughout. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all
combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an example view of Global Positioning
System (GPS), usable by navigation devices, including the
navigation device of embodiments of the present application. Such
systems are known and are used for a variety of purposes. In
general, GPS is a satellite-radio based navigation system capable
of determining continuous position, velocity, time, and in some
instances direction information for an unlimited number of
users.
[0028] Formerly known as NAVSTAR and potentially known as Galileo,
the GPS incorporates a plurality of satellites which work with the
earth in extremely precise orbits. Based on these precise orbits,
GPS satellites can relay their location to any number of receiving
units.
[0029] The GPS system is implemented when a device, specially
equipped to receive GPS data, begins scanning radio frequencies for
GPS satellite signals. Upon receiving a radio signal from a GPS
satellite, the device determines the precise location of that
satellite via one of a plurality of different conventional methods.
The device will continue scanning, in most instances, for signals
until it has acquired at least three different satellite signals
(noting that position is not normally, but can be determined, with
only two signals using other triangulation techniques).
Implementing geometric triangulation, the receiver utilizes the
three known positions to determine its own two-dimensional position
relative to the satellites. This can be done in a known manner.
Additionally, acquiring a fourth satellite signal will allow the
receiving device to calculate its three dimensional position by the
same geometrical calculation in a known manner. The position and
velocity data can be updated in real time on a continuous basis by
an unlimited number of users.
[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, the GPS system is denoted generally by
reference numeral 100. A plurality of satellites 120 are in orbit
about the earth 124. The orbit of each satellite 120 is not
necessarily synchronous with the orbits of other satellites 120
and, in fact, is likely asynchronous. A GPS receiver 140, usable in
embodiments of navigation devices of the present application, is
shown receiving spread spectrum GPS satellite signals 160 from the
various satellites 120.
[0031] The spread spectrum signals 160, continuously transmitted
from each satellite 120, utilize a highly accurate frequency
standard accomplished with an extremely accurate atomic clock. Each
satellite 120, as part of its data signal transmission 160,
transmits a data stream indicative of that particular satellite
120. It is appreciated by those skilled in the relevant art that
the GPS receiver device 140 generally acquires spread spectrum GPS
satellite signals 160 from at least three satellites 120 for the
GPS receiver device 140 to calculate its two-dimensional position
by triangulation. Acquisition of an additional signal, resulting in
signals 160 from a total of four satellites 120, permits the GPS
receiver device 140 to calculate its three-dimensional position in
a known manner.
[0032] FIG. 2 illustrates an example block diagram of electronic
components of a navigation device 200 of an embodiment of the
present application, in block component format. It should be noted
that the block diagram of the navigation device 200 is not
inclusive of all components of the navigation device, but is only
representative of many example components.
[0033] The navigation device 200 is located within a housing (not
shown). The housing includes a processor 210 connected to an input
device 220 and a display screen 240. The input device 220 can
include a keyboard device, voice input device, touch panel and/or
any other known input device utilized to input information; and the
display screen 240 can include any type of display screen such as
an LCD display, for example. In at least one embodiment of the
present application, the input device 220 and display screen 240
are integrated into an integrated input and display device,
including a touchpad or touchscreen input wherein a user need only
touch a portion of the display screen 240 to select one of a
plurality of display choices or to activate one of a plurality of
virtual buttons.
[0034] In addition, other types of output devices 250 can also
include, including but not limited to, an audible output device. As
output device 250 can produce audible information to a user of the
navigation device 200, it is equally understood that input device
240 can also include a microphone and software for receiving input
voice commands as well.
[0035] In the navigation device 200, processor 210 is operatively
connected to and set to receive input information from input device
240 via a connection 225, and operatively connected to at least one
of display screen 240 and output device 250, via output connections
245, to output information thereto. Further, the processor 210 is
operatively connected to memory 230 via connection 235 and is
further adapted to receive/send information from/to input/output
(I/O) ports 270 via connection 275, wherein the I/O port 270 is
connectible to an I/O device 280 external to the navigation device
200. The external I/O device 280 may include, but is not limited to
an external listening device such as an earpiece for example. The
connection to I/O device 280 can further be a wired or wireless
connection to any other external device such as a car stereo unit
for hands-free operation and/or for voice activated operation for
example, for connection to an ear piece or head phones, and/or for
connection to a mobile phone for example, wherein the mobile phone
connection may be used to establish a data connection between the
navigation device 200 and the internet or any other network for
example, and/or to establish a connection to a server via the
internet or some other network for example.
[0036] The navigation device 200, in at least one embodiment, may
establish a "mobile" network connection with the server 302 via a
mobile device (such as a mobile phone, PDA, and/or any device with
mobile phone technology) establishing a digital connection (such as
a digital connection via known Bluetooth technology for example).
Thereafter, through its network service provider, the mobile device
can establish a network connection (through the internet for
example) with a server 302. As such, a "mobile" network connection
is established between the navigation device 200 (which can be, and
often times is mobile as it travels alone and/or in a vehicle) and
the server 302 to provide a "real-time" or at least very "up to
date" gateway for information.
[0037] The establishing of the network connection between the
mobile device (via a service provider) and another device such as
the server 302, using the internet for example, can be done in a
known manner. This can include use of TCP/IP layered protocol for
example. The mobile device can utilize any number of communication
standards such as CDMA, GSM, WAN, etc.
[0038] As such, an internet connection may be utilized which is
achieved via data connection, via a mobile phone or mobile phone
technology within the navigation device 200 for example. For this
connection, an internet connection between the server 302 and the
navigation device 200 is established. This can be done, for
example, through a mobile phone or other mobile device and a GPRS
(General Packet Radio Service)-connection (GPRS connection is a
high-speed data connection for mobile devices provided by telecom
operators; GPRS is a method to connect to the internet.
[0039] The navigation device 200 may include its own mobile phone
technology within the navigation device 200 itself (including an
antenna for example, wherein the internal antenna of the navigation
device 200 can further alternatively be used). The mobile phone
technology within the navigation device 200 can include internal
components as specified above, and/or can include an insertable
card, complete with necessary mobile phone technology and/or an
antenna for example. As such, mobile phone technology within the
navigation device 200 can similarly establish a network connection
between the navigation device 200 and the server 302, via the
internet for example, in a manner similar to that of any mobile
device.
[0040] For GRPS phone settings such as GSM mentioned above, the
Bluetooth enabled device may be used to correctly work with the
ever changing spectrum of mobile phone models, manufacturers, etc.,
model/manufacturer specific settings may be stored on the
navigation device 200 for example. The data stored for this
information can be updated in a manner discussed in any of the
embodiments, previous and subsequent.
[0041] FIG. 2 further illustrates an operative connection between
the processor 210 and an antenna/receiver 250 via connection 255,
wherein the antenna/receiver 250 can be a GPS antenna/receiver for
example. It will be understood that the antenna and receiver
designated by reference numeral 250 are combined schematically for
illustration, but that the antenna and receiver may be separately
located components, and that the antenna may be a GPS patch antenna
or helical antenna for example.
[0042] Further, it will be understood by one of ordinary skill in
the art that the electronic components shown in FIG. 2 are powered
by power sources (not shown) in a conventional manner. As will be
understood by one of ordinary skill in the art, different
configurations of the components shown in FIG. 2 are considered
within the scope of the present application. For example, in one
embodiment, the components shown in FIG. 2 may be in communication
with one another via wired and/or wireless connections and the
like. Thus, the scope of the navigation device 200 of the present
application includes a portable or handheld navigation device
200.
[0043] In addition, the portable or handheld navigation device 200
of FIG. 2 can be connected or "docked" in a known manner to a
motorized vehicle such as a car or boat for example. Such a
navigation device 200 is then removable from the docked location
for portable or handheld navigation use.
[0044] FIG. 3 illustrates an example block diagram of a server 302
and a navigation device 200 of the present application, via a
generic communications channel 318, of an embodiment of the present
application. The server 302 and a navigation device 200 of the
present application can communicate when a connection via
communications channel 318 is established between the server 302
and the navigation device 200 (noting that such a connection can be
a data connection via mobile device, a direct connection via
personal computer via the internet, etc.).
[0045] The server 302 includes, in addition to other components
which may not be illustrated, a processor 304 operatively connected
to a memory 306 and further operatively connected, via a wired or
wireless connection 314, to a mass data storage device 312. The
processor 304 is further operatively connected to transmitter 308
and receiver 310, to transmit and send information to and from
navigation device 200 via communications channel 318. The signals
sent and received may include data, communication, and/or other
propagated signals. The transmitter 308 and receiver 310 may be
selected or designed according to the communications requirement
and communication technology used in the communication design for
the navigation system 200. Further, it should be noted that the
functions of transmitter 308 and receiver 310 may be combined into
a signal transceiver.
[0046] Server 302 is further connected to (or includes) a mass
storage device 312, noting that the mass storage device 312 may be
coupled to the server 302 via communication link 314. The mass
storage device 312 contains a store of navigation data and map
information, and location information and message information and
can again be a separate device from the server 302 or can be
incorporated into the server 302.
[0047] The navigation device 200 is adapted to communicate with the
server 302 through communications channel 318, and includes
processor, memory, etc. as previously described with regard to FIG.
2, as well as transmitter 320 and receiver 322 to send and receive
signals and/or data through the communications channel 318, noting
that these devices can further be used to communicate with devices
other than server 302. Further, the transmitter 320 and receiver
322 are selected or designed according to communication
requirements and communication technology used in the communication
design for the navigation device 200 and the functions of the
transmitter 320 and receiver 322 may be combined into a single
transceiver.
[0048] Software stored in server memory 306 provides instructions
for the processor 304 and allows the server 302 to provide services
to the navigation device 200. One service provided by the server
302 involves processing requests from the navigation device 200 and
transmitting navigation data from the mass data storage 312 to the
navigation device 200. According to at least one embodiment of the
present application, another service provided by the server 302
includes processing the navigation data using various algorithms
for a desired application and sending the results of these
calculations to the navigation device 200.
[0049] The communication channel 318 generically represents the
propagating medium or path that connects the navigation device 200
and the server 302. According to at least one embodiment of the
present application, both the server 302 and navigation device 200
include a transmitter for transmitting data through the
communication channel and a receiver for receiving data that has
been transmitted through the communication channel.
[0050] The communication channel 318 is not limited to a particular
communication technology. Additionally, the communication channel
318 is not limited to a single communication technology; that is,
the channel 318 may include several communication links that use a
variety of technology. For example, according to at least one
embodiment, the communication channel 318 can be adapted to provide
a path for electrical, optical, and/or electromagnetic
communications, etc. As such, the communication channel 318
includes, but is not limited to, one or a combination of the
following: electric circuits, electrical conductors such as wires
and coaxial cables, fiber optic cables, converters, radio-frequency
(rf) waves, the atmosphere, empty space, etc. Furthermore,
according to at least one various embodiment, the communication
channel 318 can include intermediate devices such as routers,
repeaters, buffers, transmitters, and receivers, for example.
[0051] In at least one embodiment of the present application, for
example, the communication channel 318 includes telephone and
computer networks. Furthermore, in at least one embodiment, the
communication channel 318 may be capable of accommodating wireless
communication such as radio frequency, microwave frequency,
infrared communication, etc. Additionally, according to at least
one embodiment, the communication channel 318 can accommodate
satellite communication.
[0052] The communication signals transmitted through the
communication channel 318 include, but are not limited to, signals
as may be required or desired for given communication technology.
For example, the signals may be adapted to be used in cellular
communication technology such as Time Division Multiple Access
(TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division
Multiple Access (CDMA), Global System for Mobile Communications
(GSM), etc. Both digital and analogue signals can be transmitted
through the communication channel 318. According to at least one
embodiment, these signals may be modulated, encrypted and/or
compressed signals as may be desirable for the communication
technology.
[0053] The mass data storage 312 includes sufficient memory for the
desired navigation applications. Examples of the mass data storage
312 may include magnetic data storage media such as hard drives for
example, optical storage media such as CD-Roms for example, charged
data storage media such as flash memory for example, molecular
memory, etc.
[0054] According to at least one embodiment of the present
application, the server 302 includes a remote server accessible by
the navigation device 200 via a wireless channel. According to at
least one other embodiment of the application, the server 302 may
include a network server located on a local area network (LAN),
wide area network (WAN), virtual private network (VPN), etc.
[0055] According to at least one embodiment of the present
application, the server 302 may include a personal computer such as
a desktop or laptop computer, and the communication channel 318 may
be a cable connected between the personal computer and the
navigation device 200. Alternatively, a personal computer may be
connected between the navigation device 200 and the server 302 to
establish an internet connection between the server 302 and the
navigation device 200. Alternatively, a mobile telephone or other
handheld device may establish a wireless connection to the
internet, for connecting the navigation device 200 to the server
302 via the internet.
[0056] The navigation device 200 may be provided with information
from the server 302 via information downloads which may be
periodically updated upon a user connecting navigation device 200
to the server 302 and/or may be more dynamic upon a more constant
or frequent connection being made between the server 302 and
navigation device 200 via a wireless mobile connection device and
TCP/IP connection for example. For many dynamic calculations, the
processor 304 in the server 302 may be used to handle the bulk of
the processing needs, however, processor 210 of navigation device
200 can also handle much processing and calculation, oftentimes
independent of a connection to a server 302.
[0057] The mass storage device 312 connected to the server 302 can
include volumes more cartographic and route data than that which is
able to be maintained on the navigation device 200 itself,
including maps, etc. The server 302 may process, for example, the
majority of the devices of a navigation device 200 which travel
along the route using a set of processing algorithms. Further, the
cartographic and route data stored in memory 312 can operate on
signals (e.g. GPS signals), originally received by the navigation
device 200.
[0058] As indicated above in FIG. 2 of the application, a
navigation device 200 of an embodiment of the present application
includes a processor 210, an input device 220, and a display screen
240. In at least one embodiment, the input device 220 and display
screen 240 are integrated into an integrated input and display
device to enable both input of information (via direct input, menu
selection, etc.) and display of information through a touch panel
screen, for example. Such a screen may be a touch input LCD screen,
for example, as is well known to those of ordinary skill in the
art. Further, the navigation device 200 can also include any
additional input device 220 and/or any additional output device
240, such as audio input/output devices for example.
[0059] FIGS. 4A and 4B are perspective views of an actual
implementation of an embodiment of the navigation device 200. As
shown in FIG. 4A, the navigation device 200 may be a unit that
includes an integrated input and display device 290 (a touch panel
screen for example) and the other components of FIG. 2 (including
but not limited to internal GPS receiver 250, microprocessor 210, a
power supply, memory systems 220, etc.).
[0060] The navigation device 200 may sit on an arm 292, which
itself may be secured to a vehicle dashboard/window/etc. using a
large suction cup 294. This arm 292 is one example of a docking
station to which the navigation device 200 can be docked. As shown
in FIG. 4B, the navigation device 200 can be docked or otherwise
connected to an arm 292 of the docking station by snap connecting
the navigation device 292 to the arm 292 for example (this is only
one example, as other known alternatives for connection to a
docking station are within the scope of the present application).
The navigation device 200 may then be rotatable on the arm 292, as
shown by the arrow of FIG. 4B. To release the connection between
the navigation device 200 and the docking station, a button on the
navigation device 200 may be pressed, for example (this is only one
example, as other known alternatives for disconnection to a docking
station are within the scope of the present application).
[0061] According to embodiments of the present application, a
navigation device 200 includes an input device 220 to receive a
command to send at least one location message, the at least one
location message including a segment indicating a location, and a
transmitter 320 to send the at least one location message.
[0062] According to embodiments of the present application, a
navigation device 200 includes a receiver 322 to receive at least
one location message, including a segment indicating a location,
from at least one other device, and an input device 220 for
receiving a user command to store the location.
[0063] According to embodiments of the present application, a
navigation device 200 includes a receiver 322 to receive at least
one location message, including a segment indicating a location,
from at least one other device, an input device 220 to receive a
user command to plan a route based on the location, and a processor
to plan the route based on the location.
[0064] According to embodiments of the present application, a
method includes receiving a command to send at least one location
message including a segment indicating a location, and sending the
at least one location message from a navigation device 200.
[0065] According to embodiments of the present application, a
method includes receiving at least one location message, including
a segment indicating a location, from at least one other device,
and storing the location in memory associated with a navigation
device 200.
[0066] According to embodiments of the present application, a
method includes receiving at least one location message, including
a segment indicating a location, from at least one other device,
receiving a user command to plan a route based on the location, and
planning the route based on the location.
[0067] According to embodiments of the present application, a
navigation device 200 includes means for receiving a command to
send at least one location, the at least one location message
including a segment indicating a location, and means for sending
the at least one location message.
[0068] According to embodiments of the present application, a
navigation device 200 includes means for receiving at least one
location message, including a segment indicating a location, from
at least one other device, and means for indicating receipt of the
at least one location message to a user of the navigation device
200.
[0069] According to embodiments of the present application,
navigation device 200 includes means for receiving at least one
location message, including a segment indicating a location, from
at least one other device, means for receiving a user command to
plan a route based on the location, and means for planning the
route based on the location.
[0070] According to another embodiment of the present application,
a navigation device can share a location message. The location
message is a message which includes a location. FIG. 5 illustrates
a method of sharing a location message from a navigation device to
at least one other device and is generally referenced 500. The
method includes receiving a command to send a location message and
transmitting the location message. The location included in the
location message can be a number of different locations selected by
a sender of the location message.
[0071] It should be noted that each of the aforementioned aspects
of an embodiment of the present application have been described
with regard to the method of the present application. However, at
least one embodiment of the present application is directed to a
navigation device 200, including a input device 220 to receive a
command to send at least one location message, the at least one
location message including a segment indicating a location and a
transmitter 320 to send the at least one location message. Thus,
such a navigation device 200 may be used to perform the various
aspects of the method described with regard to FIGS. 5-6, as would
be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art. Thus, further
explanation is omitted for the sake of brevity.
[0072] Initially, a number of options are displayed for a user of
the navigation device 200 at example display 502. If the user
provides an input to write a location message, example display 504
is displayed on the navigation device 200 to receive a location to
include in the location message. The user of the navigation device
200 can provide an input to the right arrow of example display 504
to display further options included in example display 506. The
location selected by the user can include one of more of a home
location, a favorite location, an address, a current location, a
recent destination, a point of interest, a GPS position, a point on
a map, a latitude and a longitude, a location of a different
navigation device, and a position of last stop. A user can also
include some other location in a location message depending on the
particular implementation of an embodiment. The location included
by the user can be for a number of purposes as illustrated in the
examples below.
[0073] For example, a user of a navigation device 200 can send a
location message to another person to request assistance at the
user's current location. In such an example, the user can include a
current location of the user. When the other person receives the
message including the location, the other person can proceed to the
current location of the user to provide the requested assistance.
The user would not have to know and relay the user's location, e.g.
mile marker 137 on Highway 28. In another example, a user of a
navigation device 200 can set up a meeting with a contractor by
sending a location message. A location included in the location
message can be an address, such as a job site for the contractor to
meet the user. The text may include a time and a subject of the
meeting, e.g. kitchen flooring. The contractor can easily proceed
to the location of the meeting. Further examples are included below
with respect to receiving a location message.
[0074] After the navigation device 200 receive a location, the
navigation device 200 displays example display 508 to prompt the
user to enter an intended receiver of the location message. The
intended receiver of the location message can include one or more
of a device and/or person designated home, a number entered by the
user, an entry in a phone book stored in memory 230 associated with
the navigation device 200 (as shown in example display 510), a
recently dialed number, a recent caller, a point of interest and a
buddy (shown in example display 514). Sending a location message to
any one of these devices/persons proceeds with displays similar to
the displays shown in FIG. 5, although the ordering of the example
displays may be change depending on the particular implementation
of sending a location message. In this exemplary sharing of a
location message, the navigation device 200 received an input from
the user selecting a number associated with the intended receiver
of the location message. In response to the input, the navigation
device 200 displays example display 512.
[0075] Example display 512 allows the sender to input the number
associated with the intended receiver of the location message.
After the navigation device receives the number associated with the
intended receiver, the navigation device 200 displays example
display 516.
[0076] After entering the location, example display 516 is
displayed on navigation device 200 to receive a message from the
user. As shown, the user can select one or more of form messages,
which are stored in memory 230 associated with the navigation
device 200. After choosing one or more form messages, the user can
alter the selected form message by providing one or more inputs to
a keyboard on the integrated display and input device 290 as shown
in example display 518. Alternatively, the user can compose an
original message by providing one or more inputs to the keyboard on
the integrated display and input device 290 as shown in the example
display 518. The user can also omit a text message from the
location message. After the navigation device 200 receives an input
from the user based on example displays 516 and/or 518, the
navigation device 200 transmits the location message to the at
least one other device, via a transmitter 320 and/or I/O port 270.
Example display 520 is displayed on the navigation device 200 to
indicate a status of the location message to the user. In one
implementation of at least one embodiment, an input device 220 of a
navigation device 200 is included in an integrated display and
input device 290. The integrated display and input device 290
displays a sending status of the at least one location message,
such as shown in example display 516. The location message is sent
as indicated in example display 522 or can be cancelled from
example display 520. If the navigation device 200 receives an input
from the user to cancel the location message send, the navigation
device 200 displays example display 524. Alternatively, if the
message send fails, a message send failed display is displayed on
navigation device 200.
[0077] A navigation device 200 can also share a location message
with another navigation device known to the navigation device 200.
As shown in FIG. 5, a user of the navigation device 200 can share a
location message with one or more "buddy" navigation devices. A
buddy navigation device is selected from example display 514,
instead of entering a number in example display 512 as disclosed
above. When the navigation device 200 receives an input to send a
location message to the buddy navigation device at example display
508, the navigation device 200 displays example display 514 to
receive an input from the user to select a buddy navigation device.
The user can identify a buddy navigation device by a phone number,
email address, etc. The remainder of sharing the location message
with the buddy navigation device is similar to the method presented
above.
[0078] It should be noted that the ordering of the example display
above is one implementation of at least one embodiment of the
present application. The methods describes above can include
example displays in other orders. For example, a navigation device
200 can receive and input indicating an intended receiver before
receiving an input for a location to be included in a location
message. The message included in the location message, if any, can
also be received by the navigation device 200 before or after one
or both of indicating the intended receiver and indicating a
location of a location message.
[0079] According to yet another embodiment of the present
application, a navigation device 200 can receive a location
message. A receiver of a location message receives a location
message according to the displays outlined in FIG. 6. FIG. 6
illustrates a method of receiving a location message from a
navigation device 200 to at least one other device and it is
generally referenced 600. The method includes receiving at least
one location message and receiving a user command related to the at
least one location message. The location message is a message which
includes a location. The location can be a number of different
locations selected by a sender of a location message.
[0080] It should be noted that each of the aforementioned aspects
of an embodiment of the present application have been described
with regard to the method of the present application. However, at
least one embodiment of the present application is directed to a
navigation device 200, including a receiver 322 and/or I/O port 270
to receive at least one location message, including a segment
indicating a location, from at least one other device and an input
device 220 for receiving a user command to store the location as a
point of interest. The navigation could alternatively include an
input device 220 to receive a user command to plan a route based on
the location and a processor 210 to plan the route based on the
location. Thus, such a navigation device 200 may be used to perform
the various aspects of the method described with regard to FIGS.
5-6, as would be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
Thus, further explanation is omitted for the sake of brevity.
[0081] When a message is received by a navigation device 200, a
display device 240 is included to indicate receipt of the at least
one location message to a user of the navigation device 200. As
shown in FIG. 6, a receipt indicator is displayed in example
display 602. In this particular embodiment, the receipt indicator
is an envelope icon 604. The envelope icon 604 is displayed when a
normal text message is received. When a location message is
received, the envelope icon 604 is display on the navigation device
200 and can also include a target, as shown in FIG. 6. The target
indicates to the user a location has been included in a message,
i.e. a location message. The receipt indicator can also include an
audio indicator to a user of the navigation device 200. The audio
indicator can be different for a location message and a plain text
message.
[0082] Once the message is received, the user can choose when to
view the message. When the user provides an input to the navigation
device 200 to view the message, the navigation device can display
one of example display 606 and example display 608. The navigation
device 200 displays example display 606 if the message is a
location message. As shown in example display 606, the text message
portion (if any) and the location designated by a user of the at
least one other device are displayed. The location can be any of
the location recited above, including a location of the at least
one other device when the at least one location message was sent.
If the message is a normal text message, example display 608 is
displayed on the navigation device 200. As shown in example display
608, a normal text message included in the message is
displayed.
[0083] From example display 606, the user of the navigation device
200 can provide an input to the navigation device 200 to view a
number of options related the location, as indicated by an options
button included in example display 606. When the navigation device
200 receives the input at the options button, the navigation device
200 displays the options related to the location in example display
610. If the navigation device 200 receives an input at a right
arrow of display 610, the navigation device 200 displays further
options included in example display 612, and vise-versa. The
receiver of the location message can choose one or more of navigate
to the location, show the location on a map, add to a list of
favorite locations, add as a point of interest, avoid location, and
travel via location. The navigation device 200 receives one of
these options via a user input device 220 included in the
navigation device 200, e.g. an integrated display and input
device.
[0084] A number of the listed options utilize the processor 210 of
the navigation device 200 to provide map information and/or plan a
route including the location in the location message. For example,
a user of a navigation device can receive a location message
including a location which the user intends to avoid. By providing
an input to avoid the location, the navigation device can plan a
route based on the location, such that the planned route excludes
the location in the location message. Other options provide a
command to the navigation device to store the location message. In
another example, a navigation device 200 can include a processor
210 to plan a route from a current location of the navigation
device 200 to the location of the at least one other device when
the location message was sent. The navigation device 200 then
displays the planned route for a user on a display device 240. In
yet another example, a user of a navigation device 200 can receive
a location message indicating a new restaurant. The user can save
the restaurant as a new point of interest (POI) entry in memory 230
associated with the navigation device 200. The user can recall the
POI entry and navigate to the new restaurant based on the location
included in the location message. Additional options illustrated in
example display 612 include call sender, reply to message, forward
message, forward to a navigation device user, replay to navigation
device user.
[0085] The user can chose to view a received message from example
display 602. The navigation device 200 displaying example display
602 receives an input from the user to view the received message.
Alternatively, the user can choose to view a message inbox or
outbox via an example menu display 614. When the navigation device
200 receives an input from the user at a read inbox message button,
the navigation device 200 displays the message inbox, as shown in
example display 616. The message inbox includes a listing of the
messages received by the navigation device 200. Each of the
messages is viewable by selection. The user can scroll up and down
in the message inbox to view messages. The user of the navigation
device 200 can also manage the message inbox. For example, the user
can delete previously viewed messages. A message outbox can be
selected from the example menus display 614. The message outbox is
similar to the message inbox illustrated in example display 616. A
user can view the messages in the message outbox, similar to
example displays 606 and 608. Additionally, a user can select a
message in the message outbox and call the intended receiver,
re-send a message, forward a message to a different receiver,
and/or forward the message to a buddy.
[0086] The above description has included a description of a
navigation device for sharing a location message with at least one
other device and a navigation device for receiving a location
message from at least one other device. These two navigation
devices could be a single navigation device 200 for sharing and
receiving a location message. As presented above, a navigation
device 200 can also be implemented such that the navigation device
200 can only share a location message or only receive a location
message. In either embodiment, the at least one other device can be
one or more of a navigation device, a pager, a computer, a mobile
phone, and a personal digital assistant.
[0087] As described above, a navigation device 200 can send and/or
receive one or more independent location messages. In another
implementation of at least one embodiment, a navigation device 200
can share and/or receive multiple related messages, also known as a
string of messages. Based on the type of communication channel used
in transmitting and/or receiving a message, the size of a message
may be limited to a standard size. Based an implementation of at
least one embodiment, a navigation device 200 can break-up and/or
reconstruct a message according to a require message size. For
example, a message including a long section of text can be broken
into a string of three messages. One or more of the message
includes instruction related to the break-up and/or reconstruction
of the message. The navigation device 200 sends the string of
messages including the at least one location message. Each message
is sent separately and sequentially.
[0088] When a navigation device 200 receives the three separate
messages, the navigation device 200 recognizes the string of
message. A processor 210 is included in the navigation device to
compile a single location message when the at least one location
message is included in a string of messages. The location can be
included in one or more of the messages. When the single message is
compiled, the message constitutes a location message including a
location. In another example, a different number of messages can be
included in a string of messages depending on a required size and
the size of the message to be sent/received. Again, it should be
understood that a string of messages can be sent from a navigation
device 200 to at least one other device. And, a string of messages
can be received by a navigation device 200 from at least one other
device.
[0089] In one implementation of at least one embodiment of a string
message, an electronic business card can be larger than a Short
Message Service (SMS) standard or a Global System for Mobile
Communication (GSM) standard. In this implementation, the location
message includes the electronic business card and the location is a
location associated with the electronic business card. The
electronic business card or vCard can be broken into multiple
messages, constituting a string of messages. The electronic
business card is transmitted as a string of messages including at
least one location message. When the string of message is received
and reconstructed, the electronic business card can be treated like
any other location message received. For example, the electronic
business card can be stored in a memory 230 associated with a
navigation device 200. A user can also provide an input to a
navigation device 200 such that a processor 210 included in the
navigation device 200 plans a route based on the location included
in the electronic business card or displays map information
including an icon representing the electronic business card at the
location included in the electronic business card.
[0090] The methods of at least one embodiment expressed above may
be implemented as a computer data signal embodied in the carrier
wave or propagated signal that represents a sequence of
instructions which, when executed by a processor (such as processor
304 of server 302, and/or processor 210 of navigation device 200
for example) causes the processor to perform a respective method.
In at least one other embodiment, at least one method provided
above may be implemented above as a set of instructions contained
on a computer readable or computer accessible medium, such as one
of the memory devices previously described, for example, to perform
the respective method when executed by a processor or other
computer device. In varying embodiments, the medium may be a
magnetic medium, electronic medium, optical medium, etc.
[0091] Even further, any of the aforementioned methods may be
embodied in the form of a program. The program may be stored on a
computer readable media and is adapted to perform any one of the
aforementioned methods when run on a computer device (a device
including a processor). Thus, the storage medium or computer
readable medium, is adapted to store information and is adapted to
interact with a data processing facility or computer device to
perform the method of any of the above mentioned embodiments.
[0092] The storage medium may be a built-in medium installed inside
a computer device main body or a removable medium arranged so that
it can be separated from the computer device main body. Examples of
the built-in medium include, but are not limited to, rewriteable
non-volatile memories, such as ROMs and flash memories, and hard
disks. Examples of the removable medium include, but are not
limited to, optical storage media such as CD-ROMs and DVDs;
magneto-optical storage media, such as MOs; magnetism storage
media, including but not limited to floppy disks (trademark),
cassette tapes, and removable hard disks; media with a built-in
rewriteable non-volatile memory, including but not limited to
memory cards; and media with a built-in ROM, including but not
limited to ROM cassettes; etc. Furthermore, various information
regarding stored images, for example, property information, may be
stored in any other form, or it may be provided in other ways.
[0093] As one of ordinary skill in the art will understand upon
reading the disclosure, the electronic components of the navigation
device 200 and/or the components of the server 302 can be embodied
as computer hardware circuitry or as a computer readable program,
or as a combination of both.
[0094] The system and method of embodiments of the present
application include software operative on the processor to perform
at least one of the methods according to the teachings of the
present application. One of ordinary skill in the art will
understand, upon reading and comprehending this disclosure, the
manner in which a software program can be launched from a computer
readable medium in a computer based system to execute the functions
found in the software program. One of ordinary skill in the art
will further understand the various programming languages which may
be employed to create a software program designed to implement and
perform at least one of the methods of the present application.
[0095] The programs can be structured in an object-orientation
using an object-oriented language including but not limited to
JAVA, Smalltalk, C++, etc., and the programs can be structured in a
procedural-orientation using a procedural language including but
not limited to COBOL, C, etc. The software components can
communicate in any number of ways that are well known to those of
ordinary skill in the art, including but not limited to by
application of program interfaces (API), interprocess communication
techniques, including but not limited to report procedure call
(RPC), common object request broker architecture (CORBA), Component
Object Model (COM), Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM),
Distributed System Object Model (DSOM), Remote Method Invocation
(RMI), and TCP/IP Sockets. However, as will be appreciated by one
of ordinary skill in the art upon reading the present application
disclosure, the teachings of the present application are not
limited to a particular programming language or environment.
[0096] The above systems, devices, and methods have been described
by way of example and not by way of limitation with respect to
improving accuracy, processor speed, and ease of user interaction,
etc. with a navigation device 200.
[0097] Further, elements and/or features of different example
embodiments may be combined with each other and/or substituted for
each other within the scope of this disclosure and appended
claims.
[0098] Still further, any one of the above-described and other
example features of the present invention may be embodied in the
form of an apparatus, method, system, computer program and computer
program product. For example, of the aforementioned methods may be
embodied in the form of a system or device, including, but not
limited to, any of the structure for performing the methodology
illustrated in the drawings.
[0099] Example embodiments being thus described, it will be obvious
that the same may be varied in many ways. Such variations are not
to be regarded as a departure from the spirit and scope of the
present invention, and all such modifications as would be obvious
to one skilled in the art are intended to be included within the
scope of the following claims.
* * * * *