U.S. patent application number 11/475831 was filed with the patent office on 2008-10-23 for low-mass-trigger controlled release of projectiles having variable energies and numbers in a centrifugal propulsion weapon, and methods of weapon use.
Invention is credited to Charles St. George.
Application Number | 20080257326 11/475831 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46328310 |
Filed Date | 2008-10-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080257326 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
St. George; Charles |
October 23, 2008 |
LOW-MASS-TRIGGER CONTROLLED RELEASE OF PROJECTILES HAVING VARIABLE
ENERGIES AND NUMBERS IN A CENTRIFUGAL PROPULSION WEAPON, AND
METHODS OF WEAPON USE
Abstract
A weapon 1 peripherally discharging projectiles 2a-2n, normally
ball bearings, at sustained high rates under centrifugal force
preferably has two opposed members 11 each rotating within a
housing, or guide track, 10. Each rotating member 11 preferably has
at least two channels, or track, 16 with a radial component within
which projectiles 2a-2n received near the center of rotation
progress radially outwards until first escaping at 19, and then
being ejected at X, under centrifugal force at the periphery of the
at least one rotating member 11. A projectile release mechanism
controls the timing, locations, and numbers of projectiles released
per rotation of the at least one rotating member. This mechanism
uses (1) opposed connected elongate members 13, substantially
positioned along a radius line and within the at least one member
11 with its distal end protruding within the at least one channel
16 and with a proximal end cam follower 13 contacting the interior
circumference 181 of (2) a ring cam 18, non-rotating to the housing
10 and movable between positions both coaxial, and displaced, to
the rotational axis of the at least one rotating member 11. The
elongate members 13 move (1) radially outward under centrifugal
force of the rotation of the at least one rotating member 11 until
its distal end protrudes within the at least one channel 16,
therein obstructing passage of projectiles 2a-2n along the channel
16 and any ejection of these projectiles 2a-2n from the periphery
of the at least one rotating member 11, until (2) the cam follower
14 of the elongate arm 13 contacts during rotation the cam 181
surface of the ring cam 18, pulling the elongate member 13 against
centrifugal force radially inwards until its distal end ceases to
protrude within the channel 16, losing passage of projectiles 2a-2n
along the channel 16 for subsequent escape at 19 and for ejection
at X.
Inventors: |
St. George; Charles;
(Murfreesboro, TN) |
Correspondence
Address: |
William C. Fuess
Suite 2G, 109951 Sorrento Valley Road
San Diego
CA
92121-1613
US
|
Family ID: |
46328310 |
Appl. No.: |
11/475831 |
Filed: |
June 26, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
11283445 |
Nov 18, 2005 |
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11475831 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
124/6 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F41B 3/04 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
124/6 |
International
Class: |
F41B 3/04 20060101
F41B003/04 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Nov 19, 2004 |
AU |
2004906627 |
Claims
1. In a weapon for peripherally discharging projectiles under
centrifugal force having a housing, or surround track, at least one
member rotating within the housing, and at least one channel with a
radial component within the at least one rotating member within
which channel projectiles received near the center of rotation
progress radially outwards until, escaping under centrifugal force
at the periphery of the at least one rotating member, the
projectiles are guided by the housing, or surround track, until
finally being ejected from the weapon, an improved projectile
release mechanism for controlling passage of projectiles along a
channel, and thus an escape of one or more projectiles from the at
least one rotating member, and thus the ejection of the one or more
projectiles from the weapon, the projectile release mechanism
comprising: one or more spring-loaded lever release mechanisms,
each located in a cavity separate from the projectiles channel but
each proximate to an outer end of an associated projectiles
channel, each lever release mechanism having a catch resting
against an associated sear of a selector mechanism so that, when
triggered by movement of the selector mechanism and its sear, a
spring-loaded arm does move within an associated channel
sufficiently so as to controllably gate a passage of projectiles
along this associated channel, and a progression towards the escape
of the one or more projectiles from the at least one rotating
member, and thus also a progression towards the ejection of the one
or more projectiles from the weapon; a selector mechanism,
positioned substantially concentric but slightly eccentric to the
at least one rotating member and having one or more arms
terminating in a sear that is within the cavity of, and that
engages a spring-loaded lever release, or an associated
spring-loaded lever release mechanism, the selector mechanism also
having one or more cam followers engaging the inner circumference
of a ring cam so that the slight eccentricity of the selector
mechanism does cause with rotation of the ring cam that first one,
and then a next, of the spring-loaded lever release mechanisms will
be triggered, making that a succession or projectiles are gated
from each channel, and from all channels, of the rotating member,
and of the weapon; and a ring cam, stationary to the housing and
with its center eccentrically displaced from a rotational axis of
the at least one rotating member, having an interior
circumferential cam surface that, when engaged and contacted during
rotation by the cam followers of the selector member, the selector
member will be caused to move in position so as to cause that first
one, and then a next, of the spring-loaded lever release mechanisms
will be triggered, making that a succession or projectiles are
gated from each channel, and from all channels, of the rotating
member, and of the weapon; wherein the movement of the slightly
eccentric selector mechanism is but slight, and substantially
balanced about the axis of rotation of the at least one rotating
member, making both that (1) the coaction of the selector mechanism
and the one or more spring-loaded release mechanisms can be very
fast, and very many projectiles can be gated in their channels and
ejected from the weapon per unit time, and (2) the weapon is
substantially devoid of vibration during this gating and this
ejection.
2. The weapon in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cam surface of
the ring cam acts on the cam followers of the selector mechanism to
gate via the spring-loaded lever release mechanism (1) the passage
of exactly one projectile within a channel of the at least one
rotating member, (2) the escape of this one projectile from the
rotating member, and (3) the ejection of this one projectile from
the weapon, per each rotation of the rotating member.
3. The weapon in accordance with claim 2 wherein a projectile
escaping the at least one rotating member by action of the
spring-loaded lever release mechanism contacts the housing, of
guide track, while also contacting and abutting a next projectile
within the channel, making that each spring-loaded release
mechanism may cycle to its closed position obstructing progression
of projectiles within the channel without obstructing or frictional
contact with any projectiles
4. The weapon in accordance with claim 1 wherein the cam surface of
the ring cam acts on the one or more cam followers of the selector
mechanism so as to gate via the spring-loaded lever release
mechanism (1) the passage of a plurality of projectiles within the
channel of the at least one rotating member, (2) the escape of this
plurality of projectiles from the rotating member, and (3) the
ejection of this plurality of projectiles from the weapon, per each
rotation of the rotating member.
5. The weapon in accordance with claim 1 wherein the at least one
rotating member, the release mechanism with its cam followers, and
the ring cam, are all substantially in the same plane.
6. The weapon according to claim 1 further comprising: an electric
motor rotating the at least one rotating member
7. The weapon according to claim 6 further comprising: a control
for the motor.
9. A method of gating a passage of projectiles within a channel
within a rotating member of a weapon ejecting the projectiles by
centrifugal force, the gating method directed to controlling the
ejecting of the projectiles, the method comprising: substantially
balancing a projectile trigger release mechanism in all its parts
about an axis of rotation of the rotating member so that, during
movement of parts of the projectile trigger release mechanism
between (1) a first position obstructing any passage of projectiles
within a projectile channel under centrifugal force, and any
subsequent ejection of projectiles so passed, and (2) a second
position no longer obstructing the channel of the rotating member,
permitting projectiles to pass along the channel under centrifugal
force and to subsequently be ejected from and by the weapon,
minimum unbalanced inertial forces are experienced by heavier
parts, and the gating action can correspondingly be very rapid, and
the projectile ejection very fast.
10. The method according to claim 9 wherein projectile gating, and
ejection, in excess of one projectile per second is enabled.
11. A method of gating a passage of projectiles within a channel
within a rotating member of a weapon ejecting the projectiles by
centrifugal force, the gating method directed to controlling the
ejecting of the projectiles, the method comprising: substantially
balancing a projectile trigger release mechanism in all its parts
about an axis of rotation of the rotating member so that, during
movement of parts of the projectile trigger release mechanism
between (1) a first position obstructing any passage of projectiles
within a projectile channel under centrifugal force, and any
subsequent ejection of projectiles so passed, and (2) a second
position no longer obstructing the channel of the rotating member,
permitting projectiles to pass along the channel under centrifugal
force and to subsequently be ejected from and by the weapon,
minimum unbalanced inertial forces are experienced by heavier
parts, and the vibration of the weapon is correspondingly low.
Description
REFERENCE TO A RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] The present application is a continuation-in-part of U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 11/283,445 filed Nov. 17,2005, for
TRIGGER CONTROLLED RELEASE OF CONTROLLED NUMBERS OF PROJECTILES AT
EACH OF CONTROLLED NUMBER OF INSTANCES PER REVOLUTION to the
selfsame inventor as is the present application.
[0002] The predecessor application claims benefit of priority of
Australian Provisional Patent Application No. 2004906627, filed
Nov. 19, 2004, for a WEAPON USING CENTRIFUGAL PROPULSION FOR
PROJECTILES also to the selfsame inventor as is the present patent
application
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] 1. Field of the Invention
[0004] The present and related inventions generally relate to
automatic weapons using centrifugal force to propel projectiles,
and methods of using such weapons.
[0005] The present invention particularly relates to (1) an
improved projectile trigger and release mechanisms for rotating
weapons propelling projectiles by centrifugal force, or
"centrifugal guns", and (2) methods of using "centrifugal
guns".
[0006] The present invention still more particularly relates to
control of each of (1) the release of projectiles, (2) the numbers
of projectiles released, and (3) the numbers of instances per
revolution at which projectiles may selectively be released, in a
rotating weapon propelling projectiles by centrifugal force.
[0007] 2. Background of the Invention
2.1 A Specific Prior Patent
[0008] The present and related inventions are all related to the
inventor's own prior invention of a Weapon for centrifugal
propulsion of projectiles that is the subject of U.S. Pat. No.
6,520,169, issued Feb. 18, 2003.
[0009] That patent teaches a weapon for centrifugally discharging
projectiles at a rapid rate having a housing in which is mounted a
rotating disc having a multiplicity of feed channels extending
radially therein. Each of the feed channels receives a number of
projectiles and is configured to orient the projectiles in a single
file adjacent the periphery of the rotating disc. The weapon of the
present invention will likewise be seen to have (1) a housing, (2)
one or more feed channels within a rotating disc or, in the present
invention, one or more rotating arms.
[0010] In the previous device, and patent, a locking means
consisting of a multiplicity of stops held the projectiles that
were within each of the feed channels, selectively releasing the
projectiles. Namely, each of the stops was movable between (1) a
first position within the channel to preclude movement of the
outermost projectile outwardly of the channel and (2) a second
position removed from the channel to permit movement of a
projectile within the channel. Locking cams served to move the
stops between the first and second positions. Another cam actuated
the locking cams as the disc was rotated in order to move the
outermost stop into the second position so as to release the
outermost projectile, the adjacent stop meanwhile restraining the
adjacent projectile which is only thereafter released to move
outwardly until restrained by the first stop. In this manner
projectiles were "gated" for ejection,
[0011] The weapon of the related co-pending U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 11/283,446 was considerably changed in this area involving
the selective release, or ejection, of the projectiles. The
original locking means consisted of a number of stops that moved
orthogonally to the plane of the rotating disc. In the related
application this was entirely replaced by a new mechanism now
called a "selector timer", which mechanism operates entirely within
the plane of the rotating disk (or rotating arm(s)). These
"selector timers", one for each channel, was operated by cams which
are now robust in construction, and which were themselves again
within the rotating plane of the disk (or arm(s)). Consonant with
the fact that a "selector timer" mechanism may sound more
sophisticated than does a "locking means", or a reciprocating
"stop", the mechanism of the related patent application can be
considered to be quite versatile, and precise, in controlling each,
and any, of (1) the instances, (2) the numbers of instances, per
revolution, and (3) the numbers of projectiles, that are
selectively ejected by a rotating weapon propelling projectiles by
centrifugal force.
[0012] The weapon of the present invention will be seen to be still
further changed and improved in this area involving the selective
release, or ejection, of the projectiles. In particular, the
inertia masses of the reciprocating parts are both (1) reduced, and
(2) balanced. In accordance that the weapon can be large, and is
often mounted to a vehicle such as a U.S. military Humvee, the
weapon improved in (1) mass and (2) mass balance will be seen to
produce very little vibration or noise, especially considering the
(1) tremendous quantities of projectiles (2) of considerable mass
that the weapon (3) can launch at high rates of fire.
[0013] Finally, in the inventor's original weapon for centrifugal
propulsion of projectiles the projectiles were selectively released
into a guide rail extending substantially about the periphery of
the disc, with this guide having a discharge opening therein. Such
a guide existed in the weapon of the related patent application,
and will be seen to still exist in the centrifugal propulsion
weapon of the present invention.
2.2 General Background of the Invention
[0014] As explained in the related predecessor patent and patent
application, a gradual evolution in small caliber weapons
development has occurred over the last 20 years with the emphasis
being towards high rates of fire, saturation fire in the general
direction of the perceived enemy position and the ever increasing
awareness of the need to ensure the weapon crew survivability
during missions. Prolonged saturation fire exposes the weapon crew
to return fire from the enemy who can detect the position from
which fire is received.
[0015] Weapons that use centrifugal force instead of an explosive
powder propellant for launching the projectiles have been known in
the prior art. One type of centrifugally operated gun involves
straight radially extending barrels such as those shown in U.S.
Pat. No. 1,472,080 to McNaier and U.S. Pat. No. 3,177,862 to
Allemann. A limitation of such a construction is that the power
required to rotate the radial barrel is too great to develop an
economically feasible rapid fire weapon. In U.S. Pat. No. 3,177,862
to Allemann, radial gun barrels are incorporated within the
helicopter blades which would slow down the speed of rotation of
the blades due the absorption of energy by the projectile as the
projectiles pass through the barrels.
[0016] Another type of centrifugal gun includes a gun barrel having
an arcuate rather than a radial construction. Such construction
has, however, limited the speed of the projectiles for various
reasons including (1) rotation of the bullet in a direction reverse
to travel direction of the projectile and (2) the provision of a
peripheral barrier which prevents emission of the projectile at the
precise moment that it achieves its maximum speed at the exit end
of the barrel. Illustrative of such weapons are those of Brown in
U.S. Pat. No. 1,240,815, of Blair in U.S. Pat. No. 1,284,999, of
Parsons in U.S. Pat. No. 1,408,137 and of Baden-Powell in U.S. Pat.
No. 1,662,629.
[0017] Associated with the foregoing type of gun has been the
problem of overcoming the strong gyroscopic reaction force of a
rotating impeller that resists turning and moving a gun when aiming
in a plane that is not perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the
impeller. One solution proposed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,613,655 to Tobin
is to provide a first impeller which rotates clockwise to offset
the second impeller which rotates counterclockwise and thereby
nullify the gyroscopic reaction. Most prior art weapons have relied
upon gravity feed of the projectiles through a hopper design with
some form of screw device to aid projectile movement into desired
channels or barrels. Such gravity feed loading systems are not able
to feed the desired amount of projectiles in any centrifugal
operated weapon at high speeds since the rotating member that
provides the centrifugal force to propel the projectiles expels the
projectiles much faster than any gravity feed loading system can
supply. Thus, the rate of fire of these weapons is restricted by
having the rate of fire controlled by gravity-fed loading
systems.
2.4 Differences Between the Present and Previous, Gunpowder-based,
Projectile Launching Systems That Present New Method of Use
[0018] It has become apparent in actual filed usage of weapons in
accordance with the related patent and patent application that the
weapon presents, and arguably even mandates, entirely new methods
of use as sometimes support entirely new strategies of exerting
military force.
[0019] The centrifugal guns of the present and related inventions
can readily be fielded with literally millions of projectiles.
Moreover, these projectiles can be released in controllably
variable numbers, at controllably variable energies (i.e.,
velocities), and at controllably variable rates. Each of these
factors is so controllably variable over a much broader range than
is typical of conventional gunpowder-propelled projectiles.
[0020] Namely, projectiles will be seen to be controllably
released, and if desired continuously released, from the
centrifugal gun (1) in quantities ranging from one to millions, (2)
at energies ranging continuously from a non-lethal "dribble" to
those in excess of those produced by a high caliber ammunition
round, and (3) at rates continuously ranging from zero to a peak
fire rate of many thousands of projectiles per minute.
[0021] The centrifugal gun will be seen to effectively offer "dial
up" projectile ejection parameters. If fewer projectiles are wanted
per unit time then the rotary ejection mechanism of the gun is run
more slowly (for lower velocity and lower energy projectiles), or
intermittently at high rotational speeds (for higher velocity and
higher energy projectiles).
[0022] If less energetic projectiles are wanted than the rotary
ejection method is rotated more slowly. Conversely, if projectiles
of greater energy are required then the ejection method is rotated
more quickly. (A projectile is normally fed, and ejected, some
integral number of times each rotation. However, this need not be
the case, and the rotary ejection mechanism can be continuously or
intermittently spun at any rate without ejecting projectiles.)
[0023] If more projectiles are wanted per unit time the rotary
ejection mechanism is simply spun faster.
2.3 Relationship Between the Present, and Related Predecessor,
Inventions
[0024] The present invention will be seen to concern a new
projectile release trigger mechanism for a centrifugal gun that is
of lower mass than counterpart previous mechanisms. The new
mechanism operates reliably, and if desired continuously, at all
speeds of the rotary projectile ejection mechanism, and counterpart
ejected projectile velocities and energies. Moreover, it imparts
negliable vibration to the centrifugal gun at all operational
speeds.
[0025] Because there is no recoil, nor any other mechanical force
(in accordance with Newton's laws of motion) imparted from a
centrifugal weapon which forces do not build up gradually in the
progressive acceleration of a projectile from a standstill
(relative to the gun, which may itself ve moving upon a vehicle) to
ejection velocity, firing a centrifugal weapon in accordance with
the present and related invention is a "aerie" experience for those
used to conventional machine guns. The centrifugal gun is quiet and
smooth. It is easy, almost effortless, to aim. It is thus hard to
believe the obvious destructive power of the ejected projectiles,
which can be fully individually as energetic as bullets from high
power ammunition rounds, and at considerably rates of fire.
[0026] Thus the present mechanical improvements, coupled with
increasing field experience with actual centrifugal gums, may be
said to have contributed to the new usage scenarios of the present
invention.
2.4 Objectives of the Present Invention
[0027] It is an object of the present invention, as it was of both
the Inventor's previously patented invention and his invention of
the related patent application, to provide a novel automatic weapon
utilizing centrifugal force which provides both a high rate of
discharge (rounds per minute) and high muzzle velocity.
[0028] It likewise remains an object to provide such an automatic
weapon which operates in a continuous stealth mode to increase its
operational capabilities and the survivability of the weapon
crew.
[0029] It likewise remains a further object to provide such a
weapon which effectively eliminates overheating, jamming, the need
for synchronized feeding and peripheral discharge, and any
requirement for mechanical compensation for possible gyroscopic
reaction.
[0030] It likewise remains a still further object to provide such a
weapon which has the capability of firing thousands of rounds per
minute at high velocities with a continuous supply of projectiles
and without the need for feed to fire synchronization, and without
incorporating some form of gyroscopic control system and some form
of balancing device.
[0031] It is a still further particular object of the present
invention that any of the of (1) instances of the release of
projectiles, (2) the numbers of projectiles released per instance,
and (3) the numbers of instances per revolution at which
projectiles may selectively be released, should be easily,
positively, exactingly and reliably controllable.
[0032] It is yet a still further a particular object of the present
invention to produce a centrifugal weapon where the velocity, and
rate, of projectile ejection is continuously variably controllable
in a range extending from zero velocity and rate to a maximum
velocity of many hundreds of feet per second, and a maximum rate of
several thousands of ejected projectiles per minute. This is quite
unlike a conventional propellant-based automatic weapon where a
minimum amount of propellant must typically be used to reliably
activate the mechanism of the weapon while propellant of less than
some maximum amount must be used to accommodate the maximum
operational cycle speed of the same mechanism.
[0033] It is yet a still further particular object of the present
invention to set forth new methods of use of a weapon that
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0034] The present invention contemplates the launching of
projectiles by centrifugal forces in a centrifugal gun at,
permissively, high revolutions per second and high ejection
velocities, without allowing the G-Forces used to launch the
projectiles from the gun to hinder the cyclical operation of the
projectile release mechanism. A centrifugal gun so improved will
have, inter alia, the capacity to eject of identical projectiles,
typically ball bearings, (1) in numbers ranging from one projectile
at a time to many millions continuously ejected over whatsoever
time interval is desired, while (2) ejecting such projectiles at a
continuously variably adjustable force and rate ranging from but a
few projectiles that may be veritably "dribbled" from an ejection
port at temporal separation one to the next ranging to many tens of
seconds duration to a rapid fire wherein projectile velocities (and
energies) exceed comparably sized munitions while ejection rates
greatly exceed comparably sized munitions.
[0035] The present invention further contemplates new scenarios of
military usage of a centrifugal gun so improved and so functioning.
[0036] 1. The Projectile Trigger Release Mechanism for a
Centrifugal Gun of the Predecessor Invention
[0037] In one of its aspects the predecessor and related inventions
were embodied in a weapon for peripherally discharging projectiles
under centrifugal force--a centrifugal gun.
[0038] The preferred gun had a housing, or surround track, at least
one member rotating within the housing, and at least one channel
with a radial component within the at least one rotating member
within which channel projectiles received near the center of
rotation progress radially outwards until, escaping under
centrifugal force at the periphery of the at least one rotating
member, the projectiles are guided by the housing, or surround
track, until finally being ejected from the weapon. [0039] 2. The
Improved Projectile Trigger Release Mechanism for a Centrifugal Gun
in Accordance with the Present Invention
[0040] To this basic structure the present invention constitutes an
improvement where (1) there exist dual opposed channels, and where
(2) a projectile trigger release mechanism for controlling passage
of projectiles along each of the dual channels--and thus an escape
of the projectiles from the at least one rotating member, and thus
the ejection of the projectiles from the weapon--is balanced in its
movements. The improved projectile trigger release mechanism is so
balanced by dint of including dual, balanced, connected elongate
members, each substantially positioned along a radius line and
within the at least one rotating member, and each having a distal
end protruding within the at least one channel and a proximal end
cam follower. By this construction each elongate member moves
radially outward under centrifugal force of the rotation of the at
least one rotating member simultaneously that the other elongate
member moves inward. Thus a distal end of the outward-moving
elongate member protrudes within its associated channel, therein
obstructing passage of projectiles along the channel and any escape
of projectiles from the periphery of the at least one rotating
member.
[0041] Further, a ring cam, stationary to the housing and with its
center displaced from a rotational axis of the at least one
rotating member, has a cam surface that, when contacted during
rotation by the cam follower of an elongate member, acts to pull
the elongate member against centrifugal force radially inwards
until the distal end of this elongate member ceases to protrude
within the channel sufficiently so as to obstruct any passage of
projectiles along the channel. Thus one or more projectiles are
permitted to pass radially outwards in the at least one channel for
subsequent escape from the at least one rotating member, and for
subsequent ejection from the weapon.
[0042] By this construction both the inward and outward movements
of the dual connected elongate members are balanced each by the
other, and vibration in the centrifugal gun due to reciprocating
members in its trigger mechanism is reduced.
[0043] In this weapon, or centrifugal gun, the cam surface of the
ring cam preferably acts on the cam follower of each elongate arm
to gate passage of exactly one projectile within the channel of the
at least one rotating member, and the escape and ejection of this
one projectile, for each rotation of the rotating member of the
weapon.
[0044] Further in this weapon, or centrifugal gun, a projectile
escaping the at least one rotating member by action of the elongate
member preferably contacts the housing, of guide track, while also
contacting and abutting a next projectile within the channel,
making that each elongate arm may cycle to its inwards position
without obstructing or frictional contact with any projectiles
[0045] Still further in this weapon, or centrifugal gun, the cam
surface of the ring cam acts on the cam follower of each elongate
arm to gate passage of a plurality of projectiles within the
channel of the at least one rotating member, and the escape and
ejection of these plurality of projectiles, for each rotation of
the rotating member of the weapon.
[0046] Yet still further in this weapon, or centrifugal gun, there
are a plurality of rotating members each with an associated
channel. Each elongate member is associated with each channel of
each rotating member. A cam follower of each elongate member is
acted upon in turn by a same cam surface of the ring cam so as to
gate passage of one or more projectiles within the channel of the
associated rotating member, and the escape and the ultimate
ejection of these one or more projectiles, upon each rotation of
the plurality of rotating members.
[0047] Yet still further in this weapon, or centrifugal gun, the at
least one rotating member and its associated channel, and its
associated elongate member with its cam follower, and the ring cam,
are all substantially in the same plane.
[0048] Yet still further in this weapon, or centrifugal gun, an
electric motor serves to rotate the at least one rotating member.
This motor preferably has a variable speed control. [0049] 3. A
Most Preferred Embodiment of the Present Invention
[0050] Therefore, in one of its aspects the present invention is
preferably embodied in the trigger control mechanism of a weapon
for peripherally discharging projectiles under centrifugal force,
Such a weapons has (1) a housing, or surround track, (2) at least
one member rotating within the housing, and (3) at least one
channel with a radial component within the at least one rotating
member within which channel projectiles received near the center of
rotation progress radially outwards until, escaping under
centrifugal force at the periphery of the at least one rotating
member, the projectiles are guided by the housing, or surround
track, until finally being ejected from the weapon, as well as (4)
a projectile release mechanism for controlling passage of
projectiles along a channel, and thus an escape of one or more
projectiles from the at least one rotating member, and thus the
ejection of the one or more projectiles from the weapon. It is, in
common parlance, a centrifugal gun.
[0051] In this weapon the preferred embodiment of projectile
release mechanism in accordance with the present invention includes
(1) one or more spring-loaded lever release mechanisms, each
located in a cavity separate from the projectiles channel but each
proximate to an outer end of an associated projectiles channel.
Each lever release mechanism has a catch resting against an
associated sear of a selector mechanism so that, when triggered by
movement of the selector mechanism and its sear, a spring-loaded
arm does move within an associated channel sufficiently so as to
controllably gate a passage of projectiles along this associated
channel, and a progression towards the escape of the one or more
projectiles from the at least one rotating member, and thus also a
progression towards the ejection of the one or more projectiles
from the weapon.
[0052] The preferred embodiment of projectile release mechanism
further includes (2) a selector mechanism, positioned substantially
concentric but slightly eccentric to the at least one rotating
member and having one or more arms terminating in a sear that is
within the cavity of, and that engages a spring-loaded lever
release, or an associated spring-loaded lever release mechanism.
This selector mechanism also has one or more cam followers engaging
the inner circumference of a ring cam so that the slight
eccentricity of the selector mechanism does cause with rotation of
the ring cam that first one, and then a next, of the spring-loaded
lever release mechanisms will be triggered, making that a
succession or projectiles are gated from each channel, and from all
channels, of the rotating member, and of the weapon.
[0053] Finally, the preferred embodiment of projectile release
mechanism still further includes (3) a ring cam, stationary to the
housing and with its center eccentrically displaced from a
rotational axis of the at least one rotating member, having an
interior circumferential cam surface that, when engaged and
contacted during rotation by the cam followers of the selector
member. The selector member is caused to move in position so as to
cause that first one, and then a next, of the spring-loaded lever
release mechanisms will be triggered, making that a succession or
projectiles are gaged from each channel, and from all channels, of
the rotating member, and of the weapon.
[0054] By this construction, and this coaction, the movement of the
slightly eccentric selector mechanism is but slight, and
substantially balanced about the axis of rotation of the at least
one rotating member, making both that (1) the coaction of the
selector mechanism and the one or more spring-loaded release
mechanisms can be very fast, and very many projectiles can be gated
in their channels and ejected from the weapon per unit time, and
(2) the weapon is substantially devoid of vibration during this
gating and this ejection.
[0055] In this preferred embodiment the cam surface of the ring cam
preferably acts on the cam followers of the selector mechanism to
gate via the spring-loaded lever release mechanism (1) the passage
of exactly one projectile within a channel of the at least one
rotating member, (2) the escape of this one projectile from the
rotating member, and (3) the ejection of this one projectile from
the weapon, per each rotation of the rotating member.
[0056] Still further in this preferred embodiment, a projectile
escaping the at least one rotating member by action of the
spring-loaded lever release mechanism contacts the housing, of
guide track, while also contacting and abutting a next projectile
within the channel, making that each spring-loaded release
mechanism may cycle to its closed position obstructing progression
of projectiles within the channel without obstructing or frictional
contact with any projectiles
[0057] The cam surface of the ring cam preferably acts on the one
or more cam followers of the selector mechanism so as to gate via
the spring-loaded lever release mechanism (1) the passage of a
plurality of projectiles within the channel of the at least one
rotating member, (2) the escape of this plurality of projectiles
from the rotating member, and (3) the ejection of this plurality of
projectiles from the weapon, per each rotation of the rotating
member.
[0058] The at least one rotating member, the release mechanism with
its cam followers, and the ring cam, are preferably all
substantially in the same plane.
[0059] An electric motor preferably serves to rotate the at least
one rotating member. This electric motor is preferably possessed of
a control. [0060] 4. A Method of Gating a Passage of Projectiles
Within a Channel Within a Rotating Member of a Centrifugal Gun
[0061] In another of its aspects the present invention is embodied
in a method of gating a passage of projectiles within a channel
within a rotating member of a weapon ejecting the projectiles by
centrifugal force, or centrifugal gun.
[0062] The gating method is directed to controlling the ejecting of
the projectiles. The method consists of locating two opposed
connected sliding elongate members within a plane of the rotating
member, and sliding each these members between (1) a first position
obstructing any passage of projectiles within the channel under
centrifugal force, and any subsequent ejection of projectiles so
passed, and (2) a second position withdrawn from obstructing the
channel of the rotating member, permitting projectiles to pass
along the channel under centrifugal force and to subsequently be
ejected from and by the weapon. By this location and this operation
the two opposed connected sliding members counterbalance each other
in their sliding motion, and vibration in the weapon is
reduced.
[0063] In its most preferred embodiment this method includes
substantially balancing a projectile trigger release mechanism in
all its parts about an axis of rotation of the rotating member so
that, during movement of parts of the projectile trigger release
mechanism between (1) a first position obstructing any passage of
projectiles within a projectile channel under centrifugal force,
and any subsequent ejection of projectiles so passed, and (2) a
second position no longer obstructing the channel of the rotating
member, permitting projectiles to pass along the channel under
centrifugal force and to subsequently be ejected from and by the
weapon, minimum unbalanced inertial forces are experienced by
heavier parts, and the gating action can correspondingly be very
rapid, and the projectile ejection very fast.
[0064] The projectile gating, and ejection, can most preferably be
in excess of several thousand projectiles per minute, depending
upon speed of revolution.
[0065] The method preferably includes substantially balancing a
projectile trigger release mechanism in all its parts about an axis
of rotation of the rotating member so that, during movement of
parts of the projectile trigger release mechanism between (1) a
first position obstructing any passage of projectiles within a
projectile channel under centrifugal force, and any subsequent
ejection of projectiles so passed, and (2) a second position no
longer obstructing the channel of the rotating member, permitting
projectiles to pass along the channel under centrifugal force and
to subsequently be ejected from and by the weapon, minimum
unbalanced inertial forces are experienced by heavier parts, and
the vibration of the weapon is correspondingly low. [0066] 5.
Methods of Use of a Centrifugal Gun
[0067] In yet another of its aspects the present invention is
embodied in new methods, or scenarios, of the use of a centrifugal
gun.
5.1 Varying, and Continuously Varying, Projectile Force and Energy
Levels
[0068] In one typical scenario in accordance with the present
invention it is possible to use progressive levels of force, and
lethality, to "probe" any unknown environment for potentially
hostile personnel and weapons with a reasonable degree of grace and
of control. For example infrequent and relatively weak projectiles
may initially be used to probe vegetative growth such as bushes,
or, by ricochets (which are most common at lower projectile
velocities), around corners and through orifices, even into the
interiors of buildings.
[0069] At this energy level the projectiles are non-lethal. Then,
if satisfactory responses or indications are not forthcoming, the
barrage may be escalated, with so many and so energetic projectiles
released as tend to de-leave and de-limb vegetation, and to break
windows. Finally, as the energy level and numbers of projectiles
(both in absolute terms, and per unit time) are greatly increased,
it is possible to literally disintegrate structures such as doors,
walls, trees and the like that are targeted by the centrifugal
gun.
5.2 Lavish Use of Projectiles
[0070] In the above-described usage, and in accordance with the
present invention, it will be understood that the number of
projectiles employed can be exceptionally lavish by the standards
or previous vehicle-portable armaments. It is, for example, easily
possible to bring to bear up to a million projectiles (equivalent
to rounds) and more on even a causal objective--and still have
adequate supplies to do it all over again "down the road". Since
the improved centrifugal gun can easily fire continuously even at
the highest projectile energies, it does not normally take the
progressive disintegration many entire buildings, normally over a
period of some minutes, before enemy personnel secreted in ambush
come to recognize that what starts as a gentle and harmless "rain"
can rapidly escalate into a "hail storm" of unbelievable fury.
5.3 Point Defense
[0071] Another scenario of usage of the centrifugal gun in
accordance with the present and related inventions is point
defense, particularly against incoming ordinance and unmanned
aerial vehicles (UAVs). Although activation of the centrifugal gun
may be in response to radar-detected and/or
real-time-computer-analyzed threat situations, it will be
understood that target acquisition and/or fire control direction is
neither necessarily, nor normally, so precise as is typical for
larger caliber weapons such as naval anti-aircraft and
anti-ships-missile cannons.
[0072] Instead, much in the vein of the "ack-ack" guns used by the
United States Navy to down Kamikaze fighters during World War II,
the contemplated operational scenario of the centrifugal gun is to
put so many projectiles of sufficient energy into the air that
literally nothing can get through a conical solid angle of, most
typically, up to one steradian (or about one-sixth of sphere, or
one-third of a hemisphere). Within this solid angle it is typically
possible to have up to forty thousand (40,000) projectiles in the
air at the same time for a single weapon. Of course multiple
weapons may be used. Moreover, this rate of ejection, or "fire",
can be indefinitely maintained.
5.4 Advanced Discussion of New Modes of Warfare Presented by a
Centrifugal Gun
[0073] As just explained, a centrifugal gun in accordance with the
present and related inventions can readily be fielded with
literally millions of projectiles. This, and other aspects of the
gun to be discussed, are so radically different than heretofore
that new scenarios of use in land and sea warfare are
presented.
[0074] The ejected projectiles are preferably common ball bearings,
and readily affordable as compared to ammunition. They need not be
packed, stored, transported nor loaded to the weapon in any special
manner, and are most normally entirely handled in bulk like as to
agricultural fertilizer or feed that is poured from bags or drums
into hoppers, or like as to even more extreme agricultural (and
industrial) material bulk handling methods using road and rail bulk
transport vehicles and mass material movers such as front loaders.
Needless to say the preferably metal, preferably steel ball
bearing, projectiles used in weapons in accordance with the present
and related inventions can neither combust nor explode. No special
protection nor handling, as with ammunition, is therefore
required.
[0075] Further, centrifugal guns in accordance with the present and
related inventions neither heat up to any considerable degree, nor
wear out, nor require much of any maintenance, with any of use,
heavy use, very heavy use or even continuous use. It may thus be
contemplated that a single solder or sailor is given discretionary
control over delivery of, say, ten million rounds, and that even a
modest military engagement can result in the delivery of more small
projectiles--akin to bullets--than were fired by most participants
during World War II. Of course the "hail" is not of "lead"
but--still worse for the recipient--of steel. It. will also be
understood that all this mass can be delivered at an incredible
rate (by the standards of previous small arms fire), and with full
energies, comparable to a high power rifle round, for each
projectile delivered.
[0076] This kind of firepower is proving to represent killing and
destructive power of a new order, and to support new, and novel
military scenarios of engagement. In the first place, centrifugal
guns of the present and related inventions can kill a man in the
manner that a shotgun is hypothesized to act upon the nervous
system of a bird, shocking the man to death from multiple near
simultaneous hits that, individually considered as in an autopsy,
do not seem sufficiently significant--weather individually or in
total--so as to constitute mortal wounds. This is especially true
when it is considered, as later discussed, that the emitted
projectile force level of centrifugal guns of the present and
related inventions is continuously variable (in accordance with the
speed of rotation) and can literally be "dialed in".
[0077] At higher force levels the projectiles commence not just to
kill, but to progressively disintegrate, biological targets. At
these quite readily obtainable (and sustainable) levels there is no
such thing as effective "battlefield medicine". Exposed portions of
living organisms including men are effectively shredded until, and
higher levels, they are veritably disintegrated. Indeed, for
maximum psychological effect it may not be optimum to simply
disintegrate enemy forces with centrifugal guns, but rather to use
(1) weapons emitting relatively smaller projectiles (i.e. BB's) (2)
slung from the weapon at a short moment arm (i.e., from short
radius disks) and thus of only moderate energy (as compared to the
longer radius arms of larger disks) (3) at high rates (i.e., the
disk is spinning quickly). This type of selective "fire" rate,
selective size, selective energy "small arms" fire tends to fatally
blind and wound enemy combatants in a manner where these combatants
will strongly predominantly persist remaining alive (while being
effectively untreatable in their scores of small wounds) for some
period of time, hopefully thus serving to demoralize their
compatriots.
[0078] Next, for someone who has only visualized the effects of
continuous as small arms fire as, say, the progressive
disintegration of a cement wall by an M60 machine gun, the
sustained fire power of centrifugal guns in accordance with the
present invention can be a revelation. It is not that projectiles
from the centrifugal guns are so powerful--although they can be
made to be so--but that they effectively go on for, most seemingly,
forever. The continuous fire from a centrifugal gun starts to "eat
away" at the structure or object under attack but, unlike a machine
gun, does not stop (save at the volition of the gunner, or, most
typically, the lapse of several hours, whichever comes first).
[0079] After some minutes it becomes clear that the effects of the
weapon are better understood as a "remote jackhammer" than as a
gun. Trees, vehicles, buildings and everything are subject to
progressive destruction. Somewhat oppositely to the use of a fire
hose by a fireman to distinguish fire, use of the centrifugal gun
in continuous mode becomes a matter of the selective use of the
"jackhammer", undermining first one, and then another, part of the
structural integrity of the target. For the first time in history a
small military vehicle like a Humvee can, by the power of its own
engine over time, remotely take down, by way of example, even a
large building by, for example, progressive destruction of the
support pillars of the building.
[0080] Now a military tactician, or those experienced in ground
warfare, will understand that to remotely take down, by way of
example, a building by use of high explosive, such as might
conventionally be delivered by bomb or artillery, is a "dicey"
process. First, fire zone must be established around the building
so that friendly forces are not exposed to the blast. Next, the
delivery of force precisely on target is, even with the advent of
smart weaponry, considerably more difficult, and uncertain, than is
the close delivery of selective force by a centrifugal gun.
Finally, there is most typically wide variation in results, with
too much or too little explosive force expended to do the precise
task desired. It is submitted that an operator of a centrifugal gun
in accordance with the present and related inventions can actually
become skilled in "progressive demolition". A target such as a
building may "disassembled" bit by bit, and piece by piece, for so
long as, and to such extent as, is desired.
[0081] These and other aspects and attributes of the present
invention will become increasingly clear upon reference to the
following drawings and accompanying specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0082] Referring particularly to the drawings for the purpose of
illustration only and not to limit the scope of the invention in
any way, these illustrations follow:
[0083] FIG. 1 is top plan view of a centrifugal having a first
embodiment projectile release mechanism in accordance with the
related predecessor invention in use for ejecting projectiles, by
way of illustration in burst of six projectiles each burst.
[0084] FIG. 2 is a detail top plan view at expanded scale of the
first embodiment projectile release mechanism in accordance with
the related predecessor invention at a first time and in a first,
projectile-ejection-obstructing, position.
[0085] FIG. 3 is a detail top plan view at expanded scale of the
first embodiment projectile release mechanism in accordance with
the related predecessor invention at a second time and in a second,
projectile-ejection-enabling, position.
[0086] FIG. 4 is a detail top plan view at expanded scale of the
first embodiment projectile release mechanism in accordance with
the related predecessor invention at a third time and in a third,
projectile-ejection-obstructing, position with a previously gated
projectile still pending ejection.
[0087] FIG. 5 is a detail top plan view at expanded scale of the
first embodiment projectile release mechanism in accordance with
the related predecessor invention at a fourth time and still in the
third, projectile-ejection-obstructing, position but with the
previously gated projectile now being ejected.
[0088] FIG. 6 is a perspective view at expanded scale of the first
embodiment projectile release mechanism in accordance with the
related predecessor invention.
[0089] FIG. 7 is a plan view showing critical angular relationships
of parts within the first embodiment projectile release mechanism
of the related predecessor invention.
[0090] FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing a drive motor, and a
mechanism by which a ring cam 18 is displaced for enabling
projectile ejection, within the most first embodiment projectile
release of the related predecessor invention.
[0091] FIG. 9 is a side plan view of the mounting of a drive motor
within the most first embodiment projectile release mechanism of
the centrifugal in accordance with the related predecessor
invention.
[0092] FIG. 10 is a side view of a centrifugal gun having an
improved, second embodiment, projectile release trigger mechanism
in accordance with the present invention.
[0093] FIG. 11 is a view of an exemplary three arm selectors which,
in their movement relative to a case, are a substantial part of the
realization of the improved second embodiment of the projectile
release mechanism in accordance with the present invention
previously seen in part in FIG. 11.
[0094] FIGS. 12 and 13 show the detail movement of an arm within
the previous, first embodiment, projectile release trigger
mechanism for a centrifugal gun, previously seen in FIGS. 1-7, in
accordance with the related predecessor inventions.
[0095] FIGS. 14 and 15 show movement of a selector, replacing the
arm of FIGS. 12 and 13, within the improved, second embodiment,
projectile release trigger mechanism for a centrifugal gun in
accordance with the present invention
[0096] FIG. 16 shows a handle bar assembly within the improved,
second embodiment, projectile release trigger mechanism for a
centrifugal gun in accordance with the present invention
[0097] FIG. 17, consisting of FIGS. 17a and 17b, show movement of
the handle bar assembly, previously seen in FIG. 16, within the
improved, second embodiment, projectile release trigger mechanism
for a centrifugal gun in accordance with the present invention.
[0098] FIG. 18 is a top plan view of a preferred lock arm,
interactive with the rotating assembly previously seen in FIG. 1,
et. seq, for controlling a loading of projectile balls in the
improved, second embodiment of a projectile release trigger
mechanism for a centrifugal gun in accordance with the present
invention
[0099] FIG. 19, consisting of FIGS. 19a and 19b, are respective top
and side plan views of a centrifugal gun having an improved, third
embodiment, projectile release trigger mechanism in accordance with
the present invention in a first, projectile-release-obstructing,
position.
[0100] FIG. 20, consisting of FIGS. 20a and 20b, are respective top
and side plan views of a centrifugal gun with the improved, third
embodiment, projectile release trigger mechanism in accordance with
the present invention previously seen in FIG. 19, this third
embodiment of the release mechanism now in a second,
projectile-releasing, position.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0101] The following description is of the best mode presently
contemplated for the carrying out of the invention. This
description is made for the purpose of illustrating the general
principles of the invention, and is not to be taken in a limiting
sense. The scope of the invention is best determined by reference
to the appended claims.
[0102] Although specific embodiments of the invention will now be
described with reference to the drawings, it should be understood
that such embodiments are by way of example only and are merely
illustrative of but a small number of the many possible specific
embodiments to which the principles of the invention may be
applied. Various changes and modifications obvious to one skilled
in the art to which the invention pertains are deemed to be within
the spirit, scope and contemplation of the invention as further
defined in the appended claims.
I. Discussion of the Related Predecessor Inventions
[0103] The related predecessor inventions contemplated a
positive-acting projectile release mechanism for a weapon
peripherally ejecting projectiles under centrifugal force. For each
rotation of a rotating member of the weapon, each of (1) the number
of different channels, or instances, at and from which projectiles
are released, (2) the number of times that projectiles are released
(ejected) from each channel, and even (3) the number of projectiles
released each time from each channel, may be variably
predetermined, and to some extent may be variably controlled. High
rates of projectile ejection are reliably realized. For example,
some 2,000 spherical steel projectiles of 0.308 inch diameter and
may typically be ejected at a velocity of 800 to 3000 feet per
second each minute on either a continuously sustained basis or in
bursts.
[0104] The related predecessor inventions further contemplated a
centrifugal weapon where the velocity, and the rate, of projectile
ejection is continuously variably controllable in a range extending
from zero velocity and rate to a maximum velocity of many hundreds
of feet per second, and a maximum rate of several thousands of
ejected projectiles per minute. The weapon is continuously variably
operative throughout this range, normally by the simple expedient
of speeding up, or slowing, the rotation of an electric motor which
powers a rotating member from which, and by which, the projectiles
are ultimately ejected. The positive-acting projectile release
mechanism remains reliably operational throughout this range, and
is not negatively effected by any variation in the ejection cycle
time of the weapon.
1.1 A Projectile Release Mechanism for a Weapon for Peripherally
Discharging Projectiles Under Centrifugal Force
[0105] Accordingly, in one or its aspects the related predecessor
invention was embodied in a projectile release mechanism for use in
a weapon for peripherally discharging projectiles under centrifugal
force.
[0106] Such a weapon has (1) a peripheral housing or guide track
having an opening through which projectiles may be ejected, (2) at
least one member a disc or an arm--rotating within the housing, and
(3) at least one channel, having a radial component, located within
the at least one rotating member. Projectiles received into this at
least one channel near the center of rotation progress radially
outwards until ejected under centrifugal force of the at least one
rotating member at the opening of the peripheral housing, or guide
track.
[0107] In this weapon one or more projectile release mechanisms in
accordance with the present invention serve to control release of
the projectiles. The preferred projectile release mechanism
interacts with each rotating member--the rotating disc or,
equivalently, the one or more rotating elongate arms, as are
described above. More particularly, the preferred mechanism acts
within the channels, and with the projectiles contained within
these channels, of each rotating member (the rotating disk or
rotating arm(s)) so as to control, or "gate", the ejection of these
projectiles from the weapon.
[0108] The projectile release mechanism includes an elongate linear
member, normally in the form of a simple rod, that is normally
positioned substantially along a radius line and within a rotating
member (the rotating disc, or a rotating arm). This elongate linear
member has (1) a distal end protruding within the at least one
channel and (2) a proximal end cam follower. The elongate member,
or rod, moves radially outward under centrifugal force of the
rotation of the rotating member (the disc, or a rotating arm) until
its distal end protrudes within the channel of the member, therein
obstructing passage of projectiles along the channel and blocking
any ejection of projectiles from the periphery of the at least one
rotating member
[0109] The projectile release mechanism also includes a ring cam,
stationary to the housing and substantially centered to the
rotational axis of the rotating member (the rotating disc, or a
rotating arm). The interior circumference of this ring cam contacts
the proximal end of the cam follower. When this ring cam is
eccentrically moved, as is preferred when releasing the
projectiles, the cam follower of the elongate member, or rod, will
move this elongate member, or rod, radially during the course of
rotation.
[0110] Thus a sliding contact between the cam surface of the ring
cam and the cam follower of the elongate arm, or rod, during
rotation of rotating member serves to pull the elongate member
against centrifugal force radially inwards until the distal end of
the elongate arm ceases to protrude within the channel sufficiently
so as to obstruct any passage of projectiles along the channel. By
this action one or more projectiles are permitted to pass radially
outwards in the at least one channel for subsequent ejection.
[0111] The cam surface of the ring cam acting on the cam follower
of the elongate arm, or rod, may serve to gate passage of but one
projectile within the channel of the at rotating member, and
ejection of this single projectile, but once each rotation of the
rotating member of the weapon. However, the cam surface of the ring
cam may alternatively act on the cam follower of the elongate arm
to gate passage of a plurality of projectiles within the channel of
the at least one rotating member, and ejection of this plurality of
projectiles, each rotation of the rotating member of the
weapon.
[0112] Consider now when the ring cam is concentrically mounted to
the rotating member (the rotating disk, or a rotating arm). If the
camming surface (the interior diameter) of the ring cam presents a
plurality of raised areas, then a camming movement of the elongate
member, or rod, can gate passage within an associated channel, and
subsequent ejection from the weapon, of one or more projectiles
upon each of a plurality of times each rotation.
[0113] Finally, it may be considered that a rotating member in the
form a rotating disc may have multiple channels, each with its
associated projectile timer release mechanism. Equivalently, the
rotating member may consist of multiple rotating arms, each with
its own associated projectile timer release mechanism. Clearly a
greater number of projectile channels holds the possibility of
releasing more projectiles per rotation.
[0114] Accordingly, the number of different channels, or instances,
at and from which projectiles are released each rotation may be
controlled. Moreover, the number of times that projectiles are
released (ejected) from each channel may be controlled. Finally,
the number of projectiles released each time may be controlled.
Release, or ejection, control or projectiles is really quite
exquisite, and extends to far more than just numbers and rates. For
example, research with ballistic weapons has established the
utility of sometimes sending more than one, and some two or three
bullets, towards without going into a sustained fuselage, or
avalanche, or cascade, of continuous fire. The projectile release
mechanism of the present invention readily permits, for example,
that two projectiles might be released (ejected), followed by a
pause, followed by the release (ejection) of two more projectiles,
and so on. The weapon preferably, and most commonly does, use a
disc with several channels or, equivalently, several rotating
members each with an associated channel. There are then a like
number of projectile release mechanisms, one release mechanism for
each channel. The cam follower of the elongate member, or rod, or
each release mechanism is then acted upon in turn by a same cam
surface of the ring cam so as to gate passage of one ore more
projectiles within the channel of the associated rotating member,
and the ejection of these one or more projectiles, upon each
rotation of the rotating member of the weapon.
[0115] The at least one rotating member and its associated one or
more channels, and its associated projectile release mechanism
consisting of the elongate member with its cam follower, and also
of the ring cam, are all substantially in the same plane. The
weapon may use an electric motor rotating the at least one rotating
member. A control for the motor permits varying the rotational
force, and the corresponding rate at which projectiles are
expelled, and their expulsion velocity.
1.2. A Method of Gating Passage of Projectiles Within a Channel
Within a Rotating Member of a Weapon Ejecting the Projectiles by
Centrifugal Force
[0116] In another of its aspects the related predecessor inventions
were embodied in a method of gating passage of projectiles within a
channel within a rotating member of a weapon ejecting the
projectiles by centrifugal force. The gating method is directed to
controlling the ejection of the projectiles.
[0117] The preferred method includes locating a sliding member
within a plane of the rotating member for sliding between (1) a
first position obstructing any passage of projectiles within the
channel under centrifugal force, and any subsequent expelling of
projectiles, and (2) a second position withdrawn from obstructing
the channel of the rotating member, permitting projectiles to pass
along the channel under centrifugal force and a subsequent ejection
of projectiles so passed from and by the weapon.
[0118] The sliding member preferably assumes its first position
under centrifugal force.
[0119] The sliding member preferably assumes its second position
under a camming force.
1.3. A Centrifugal Weapon Where the Velocity, and Rate, of
Projectile Ejection is Continuously Variably Controllable
[0120] In still yet another of their aspects the related
predecessor inventions were embodied in a centrifugal weapon where
the velocity, and rate, of projectile ejection is continuously
variably controllable.
[0121] The weapon includes a variable speed rotational prime mover
imparting rotational force.
[0122] A member is driven in rotation by the prime mover. This
rotating member has at least one channel in which a projectile may
move outwardly from a feed position near a center of rotation to an
escape position at the periphery of the rotating member.
[0123] A housing, or track, guides projectiles escaping at the
periphery of the rotating member so that the projectiles are
ejected from the weapon at a predetermined exit point.
[0124] Finally, a projectile release mechanism controls passage of
projectiles within the at least one channel of the rotating member,
and thus the escape of these projectiles from the periphery of the
rotating member, and thus the ejection of these projectiles from
the weapon. This projectile release mechanism is continuously so
functional for controlling passage of the projectiles when the
rotational speed and force of the prime mover is varied in a range
between (1) essentially zero, where but few projectiles
infrequently dribble from the weapon with essentially zero ejection
velocity, and (2) a high rate of speed where multiplicities of more
than 10 projectiles each minute are ejected from the weapon at
speeds greater than 100 feet per second;
[0125] Accordingly, both a velocity, and a rate, of projectile
ejection from the weapon are continuously variable with change in
the rotational speed of the prime mover.
[0126] The prime mover preferably consists of an electric
motor.
[0127] The preferred projectile release mechanism is as before,
including (1) an elongate member moving radially outward under
centrifugal force of the rotation of the at least one rotating
member until its distal end protrudes within the at least one
channel, therein obstructing passage of projectiles along the
channel and any escape of projectiles from the periphery of the at
least one rotating member, and (2) a ring cam, stationary to the
housing and with its center displaced from a rotational axis of the
at least one rotating member, having a cam surface that, when
contacted during rotation by the cam follower of the elongate
member, acts to pull the elongate member against centrifugal force
radially inwards until the distal end of the elongate member ceases
to protrude within the channel sufficiently so as to obstruct any
passage of projectiles along the channel, therein permitting one or
more projectiles to pass radially outwards in the at least one
channel for subsequent escape from the at least one rotating
member, and for subsequent ejection from the weapon.
2. General Operation and Principles of the Related Predecessor
Inventions
[0128] In accordance with the related predecessor inventions an
electrically operated weapon uses electrical energy for both the
weapon's operation and the launching of projectiles by rotating a
member at high revolutions per second to generate high centrifugal
forces. A large number of projectiles may be launched per unit time
at very high velocities. The present invention particularly
concerns a projectile release mechanism for use in a weapon for
peripherally discharging projectiles under centrifugal force. Such
a weapon is shown in issued U.S. Pat. No. 6,520,169, for a weapon
for Centrifugal Propulsion of Projectiles to the selfsame inventor
as is the present invention. The contents of the related
predecessor patent application are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0129] Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a plan view of a weapon
1 having a rotating member 11 with release areas 19 which permit
the release of projectiles 2 and 2' (shown ejected in FIG. 1, shown
still within the weapon 1 in FIGS. 2-5) which have been held within
housing, or guide track, 11 until reaching under rotation Y the
release point X. In accordance with the present invention,
projectiles 2 and 2.degree. FIG. 1 were gated for this release by
action of a projectile release mechanism consisting of an elongate,
linear, member, or rod, 15 which has been actuated and moved in
position in a radial direction typified by arrow Z by action of
ring cam 18.
[0130] The linear member, or rod, 15 both loads and releases the
projectiles 2, 2' periodically with rotation of the rotating member
1 by cyclically assuming (when the weapon 1 is activated for
projectile ejection by movement of ring cam 18, as will be later
explained) each of two predetermined positions. One, radially
withdrawn, position ultimately permits the projectiles 2, 2' to
depart at point X the confinement provided by outer housing, or
ring, or guide track 17. These projectiles 2, 2' depart the weapon
1 in a straight line, as illustrated, normally with one projectile
2 being gated by elongate linear member, or rod 15 into a release
area 19 (of which three such are shown in FIG. 1) for each
revolution of rotating member 11.
[0131] In the example shown in this invention there are three (3)
release areas 19 and, if but one projectile 2a-2n (reference FIG.
2) is gated into each release area 19 per revolution, only three
projectiles are released per revolution. For example, if the
rotating member 11 rotates at 1000 revolutions per second, the
rotating member will release 3000 projectiles per second.
Conversely, of two such projectiles were to be gated into each
release area 19 per revolution, then the pattern of the flight of
the projectiles in space would resemble that of moving projectiles
2, 2' as illustrated in FIG. 1.
3. Details of Construction of the Centrifugal Gun of the Related
Predecessor Inventions
[0132] FIG. 1 shows a basic rotating member in the form of a disc
11 which provides projectile-loading ball tracks, or channels, 16.
The disc 11 may alternatively be replaced by one or more rotating
arms--normally two, three or four such arms at equiangular
separation.
[0133] FIG. 1 shows three ball tracks, or channels, numbered 16. As
the rotating member--illustrated to be a disc--11 rotates in the
direction of arrow Y, the projectiles 2a-2n shown in FIG. 2 as
round spheres, or balls, are directed towards the exit point, or
cavity, 19 of the rotating member 11 by the centrifugal force
resulting from the rotation of the rotating member 11.
[0134] Referring to FIGS. 2 and 6, the balls 2a-2n are prevented
from departing the rotating member, or disc, 11 by the elongate
member, or rod, 15. This linear elongate member, or rod, 15 is a
first part of a projectile release, or gating, mechanism in which a
ring cam 18 is the second part. This elongate member, or rod, 15 is
first held in the position shown in FIG. 2 where it prevents the
first projectile, or ball, 2a, and behind it all other projectiles
(balls) 2b-2n, from moving into release area 19 of rotating member
(disc) 11 where it would be free to press up against housing, or
guide track, 17 and to ultimately depart the rotating member (disc)
11 at exit X.
[0135] Still referring to FIGS. 2 and 6, the elongate linear
member, or rod, 15 is attaches by known means to an elongate member
selector 13 (best seen in FIG. 6) which perpendicularly attaches a
cam follower in the form of roller 14. The entire elongate member,
or rod 15 with its selector 13 its roller cam follower 14 are all
radially urged to an outward position by centrifugal force
resultant from the rotation of the rotating member, or disc, 11.
FIG. 6 gives the clearest view of the preferred assembly
configuration of rod 15 with its selector 13 and its cam follower
roller 14. The outward, or distal, end of the rod 15 is able to
prevent the projectiles, or balls, 2a-2n from departing the
rotating member (disc) 11 regardless of the rotational speed of the
rotating member (disc) 11 and the number of balls 2a-2n present in
ball track, or channel, 16.
[0136] A unique feature of the projectile release mechanism of the
present invention, and the cooperative interaction of its parts,
will now be described. There is provided a ring cam 18, shown in
FIG. 1, that is held non-rotating by known means. The center of
this circular ring cam may, however, assume positions both (1)
coaxial to, and (2) displaced from, the rotational axis of rotating
member 11. (The mechanism for so doing is shown in FIG. 8.)
[0137] This ring cam 18 is always positioned so that the inside of
ring cam 18 faces the outer portion of the roller(s) 14 (of which
there are three such present in this example drawing FIG. 1. FIG. 1
shows ring cam 18 positioned in the center of housing 1. Displacing
the cam ring 18 to the direction of arrow Z--which is intended to
show the directional relationship of the movement of ring cam 18
and its positional relationship to outer guide rail 17--permits
that the linear elongate member, or rod, 15 should be pulled inward
to its position shown in FIG. 3. The dashed line indicates how the
ring cam 18 has moved eccentrically. (The ring cam 18 does not
change size.)
[0138] This sequence or movement of the ring cam 18 and,
responsively thereto, the linear elongate member(s), or rod(s), 15
permits the projectiles 2a-23n to be gated to release area 19. This
sequence is shown in FIGS. 2-5. Then, a released, or escaped,
projectile, or ball, 2a being held within the release area 19 by
the housing, or guide track, or guide rail 17, it will ultimately
depart the confinement at point X (shown in FIG. 1).
[0139] The ball guide 12 as is particularly shown in detain in
FIGS. 1 and 6 is normally so configured as an insert into the
rotating member, or disc, 111 for ease of machining. This ball
guide 12 provides the necessary precision curve that allows a
"head" projectile, or ball, 2a-2n in line--illustrated as ball 2a
in FIG. 2--to assume position ready to be released. Once the
concentically mounted ring cam 18 is actuated by movement in
direction of arrow Z, then this ring cam 18 causes the withdrawal
of cam follower roller 14 towards the center 110. Regard FIGS. 1
and 2. The ball 2a moves into position 19.
[0140] FIGS. 2 and 3 show the ball 2a now occupying position 19, as
is still further shown in FIG. 4. FIG. 3 shows the cam ring 18
retracting (FIG. 3 shows previous position of cam ring 18 prior to
actuation in direction of arrow Z FIG. 1). The selector 13 of the
linear elongate member, or rod, 15 acts only but for a small
portion of the rotation and prior to projectile, or ball, 2a being
released at exit point X of the housing, or guide rail, 17.
[0141] FIG. 4 shows that linear elongate member, or rod, 15 has
returned to its forward position now preventing ball 2b from moving
into area 19.
[0142] FIG. 5 shows how the mechanism permits ball 2a to be
precisely released at point X. The release of one ball per
revolution per channel 16 of the rotating disc 11 has thus been
sequentially illustrated in FIGS. 2-5.
[0143] Another object of this invention is to provide a mechanical
release system that releases the balls precisely at a given point
consistently and therefore allows the determination of the impact
point onto a target. FIGS. 2-4 show ball 2a having been moved to
and occupying position 19 as is finally shown in FIG. 4. Further,
FIG. 4 also shows the housing, or guide rail, 17 holding ball 2a in
a pre-determined position. This predetermined position of ball 2a
holds ball 2b in place and so on. In this manner the subsequent
ball 2b will not impede movement of linear elongate member, or rod,
15 and will permit this elongate member 15 to readily move back
into forward position once the cam follower roller 14 has escaped
the offset portion of the ring cam 18.
[0144] FIG. 3 again shows this action of the housing, or guide
rail, 17 to hold ball 2a in a position that in turn holds ball 2b
so as to permit the elongate member, or rod, 15 to go forward under
the influence of the centrifugal forces once it is out of the
confines of the offset ring cam 18.
[0145] FIG. 4 shows ball 2a ready to depart. It does so in FIG. 5.
Meanwhile the elongate member, or rod, 15 prevents ball 2b from
moving into position 19. Further rotation of disc 11 will permit
this ball 2b to move into position 19 and to be subsequently
released during the next revolution of disc 11.
[0146] This sequence repeats itself every revolution releasing one
ball per exit 19 from each channel 16 that is within the rotating
member(s), or disc, 11 per revolution (so long as the cam ring 18
is displaced in direction of arrow Z as shown in FIGS. 1 and
3).
[0147] FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing relationship of ball
guide 12, linear elongate member, or rod, 15, and an aperture B
which guides and supports the rod 15. A recess C shown in FIG. 6
provides the positional recess area for the ball guide 2 and the
selector 13 at position A. The rotating member, or disc, 11 can be
made from a lightweight composite material, as can ball guide 2 and
elector 13.
[0148] A cover, not shown, is fitted onto disc 11. There is also
provided, but not shown, a hopper type ball feeder magazine system
with self contained vibration means to ensure constant ball feeding
into center 110 of the rotating member, or disc, 11. The feeding
system ensures that the correct number of balls are fed into each
ball track, or channel, 16--as is best shown in FIG. 6. Once the
cam ring 18 is actuated it will deliver an equal amount of balls
from each exit area 19 of the rotating member, or disc, 11.
[0149] FIG. 6 shows the basic relationship of the major components
that perform the sequenced projectile release operation. The
selector 13 has to be, and is, cammed inwards towards the center
110 by the actuation of cam ring 18 as shown by directional arrow Z
in FIG. 1. This camming action has a predetermined stroke as is
best shown in FIG. 3. This predetermined stroke can be reduced
substantially by a simple lever reduction system (not shown) which
reduces the amount of G-Forces that would otherwise be exerted on
the related parts and provide a more efficient and quicker
releasing sequence.
[0150] Yet another important aspect of the present invention is the
preferred design of (1) the rotating member, or disc, 11 and its
faces and (2) its insert ball guides 12 as is best shown in FIGS. 3
and 6. These specially contoured features help the balls maintain a
specific required timing during their respective movements. The
curvatures ensure that the coaction of projectile balls and the
parts of weapon 1 do not impede or otherwise effect the function
and sequence timing, particularly the critical function of the
elongate member, or rod, 15 and the entire projectile release
mechanism of the present invention. Details of construction are
shown in FIG. 7.
[0151] The various parts can readily be made from a number of
different strong metal and plastic materials. FIG. 7 also shows the
most preferred, critical, positions of all features as are
interrelated and designed to work to work together in harmony at
high speed. Together with the rotation of the rotating member
(disc) 11, the exit X of the weapon 1 and the rotational direction
of arrow Y and the generated centrifugal forces provide the release
launch energy for the projectiles 2, 2' (shown in FIG. 1). An
optional ring-shaped projectile provides aerodynamic capabilities
not capable or available to conventional weapons using conventional
powder propellant munitions.
[0152] A perspective view showing a drive motor 203, and a
mechanism 200-204 by which a ring cam 18 may be displaced for
enabling projectile ejection, is shown in FIG. 8. In light of
previous explanation, the operation should be obvious.
[0153] A side plan view of the preferred mounting of a drive motor
203 within the most preferred first embodiment of a weapon in
accordance with the present invention is shown in FIG. 9.
4. General Discussion of a Centrifugal Gun Employing the Improved
Projectile Release System, and Exercisable in Accordance with the
Methods of, the Present Invention
[0154] Centrifugal force is the basis of projectile propulsion in
the present and related predecessor inventions. Use of conventional
powder propellants is eliminated. This permits the deployment of a
weapon that is completely jam proof, does not generate any heat, or
blast and is completely safe for the environment since it also
eliminates lead toxic projectiles. Most normally, steel ball
bearings of 0.308 inch diameter (corresponding to 0.308 caliber
bullets) are used as projectiles, although the weapon may easily
vary in size to accommodate projectiles from 0.1 to 1 inch.
[0155] One significant aspect of the present and related invention
is that the weapon 1 does not exhibit any recoil as is common with
weapons that utilize exploding powder propellants. The opposite
force to the ejection (per Newton's laws) is taken up in the
rotating mass of the rotating member 11 and most commonly, an
electric motor (not shown) used to drive this member 11 in
rotation. The present and related inventions therefore permit
deployment in areas such as in space in a geostationary orbit,
which would otherwise be impossible with conventional weapons using
exploding powder propellants.
[0156] The weapon using centrifugal propulsion for projectiles in
accordance with the present and related inventions may be compared
to conventional weapons that fire conventional ammunition at high
rates of fire through either a single barrel or multiple barrels
such as Vulcan type Mini-Guns.
[0157] Due to the explosive nature of the powder propellants these
weapons cannot provide sustained fire due to the heat generated
which results in weapon stoppages, jams and failures. Further,
these weapons carry only a limited amount of munitions due to their
bulk size in nature. These limitations are substantially obviated
by the centrifugal weapon of the present and related
inventions.
[0158] Finally, in confined spaces conventional weapons are
hazardous to their operators. One object of the present and related
inventions is to eliminate these limitations, problems and
hazardous effects and introduce capabilities and tactical roles
previously unachievable. It is a further object to introduce a
technology of improved operational safety and greater reliability
than is presently possible with conventional weapons firing
conventional munitions. The complete elimination of exploding
powder propellants in weapons of the present design provides for
the first time ever a weapon system that is totally undetectable
due to its silent operation, improving likelihood of combat mission
success.
5. The Improved, Second Embodiment, Trigger Release Mechanism in
Accordance the Present Invention
[0159] The improved, second embodiment, trigger release mechanism
in accordance with the present invention should be understood in
the context of FIGS. 1, 2 and 3--already seen and discussed--as do
show the previous, first, embodiment of this mechanism.
Accordingly, like reference numbers are used in FIGS. 10-15 showing
this improved, second, embodiment as do correspond to the same
elements in the first embodiment. In other words, for clarity, the
same numbers are used for equivalent parts if the parts referred to
are shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 or are shown in FIGS. 10-15.
[0160] The present invention permits launching of projectiles by
centrifugal forces (high revolutions per second) without allowing
the G-Forces used to launch the projectiles from hindering the
operation of the projectile release mechanism. The complete
centrifugal gun in accordance with the present invention is shown
in side plan view in FIG. 10.
[0161] In description of FIG. 10, and of the present invention, it
is necessary to reflect on the previous embodiment of this
invention by the same inventor, Charles St George. For ease of this
description, the same number parts and names (for equivalent parts)
are used as in the related predecessor applications and patents,
the contents of which are incorporated. In FIG. 10 the parts are
thus identified as in these applications and patents. Further, the
interaction of these parts has been explained in the related
predecessor applications and patents, and is further explained
below.
[0162] FIG. 11 shows the arm selector 13, some three (3) of which
are depicted in relationship to the cam 18, of the previous--not
the current--embodiment of the present invention. Further in FIG.
11 it can be readily identified, and remembered, that the arms 13
(which there are 3 depicted) are subjected individually to G-Forces
generated by the rotation of body/housing 11 as was previously
shown in FIGS. 1, et seq.
[0163] Still in the previous, and not in the present, embodiment of
the trigger mechanism, detail movement of the arm just previously
seen in FIG. 11, and before that in FIGS. 1-7, is shown in FIGS. 12
and 13. In accordance with the related predecessor inventions,
movement of the arm 13--particularly shown in FIG. 13--is in
direction of arrow D1. This movement, and this sequence of
movement, allows the repeated release of the projectiles. However,
in order to accomplish this, the arm 13 has to be moved in
direction of arrow D1 to a gap width of X, which is a preferred
distance to that of 1/2 the projectile diameter which in this
invention is a projectile diameter of 0.308 inches. Therefore, the
gap depicted by dimension X is about 0.150 inches.
[0164] As the three (3) individual arms 13 are revolving at
extremely high revolution per minute they generate very high
G-Forces and as such hinder the actuation of the cam 18 to
successfully move the required distance to release the projectiles
and in fact at very high revolutions the forces generated by the
three arms 13 prevent the cam 18 from being able to move in the
direction of arrow D1.
[0165] As such, two problems are evident. The first is the massive
G-Forces generated by the three (3) individual arm 13 act to
prevent the cam 18 from being moved in direction of arrow D! (See
FIG. 13). Second, the required distance the cam 18 has to move to
provide release gap is, as explained, the width X. This width X
further compounds the problem by the need of cam 18 to dwell the
necessary time to accomplish this task.
[0166] In attempting to move the cam 18 the three (3) arms 13
induce a breaking effect for at least 1/2 of the inside
circumference of the cam 18. We are now, finally, ready to approach
and to discuss the precise improved, second and third embodiment,
trigger release mechanisms of the present invention.
[0167] It is an object of the improved, second and third,
embodiments of the present invention to provide a projectile
release mechanism that will accomplish the releasing task at
extremely high G-Forces, which are necessary to provide the
departing projectiles a high velocity or higher velocities than
previously possible.
[0168] In accordance with and improved second embodiment of a
trigger release mechanism for a centrifugal gun in accordance with
the present invention there is provided a lever release 10, shown
in FIGS. 14 and 15, that is held in a locked position by sear 13
(see FIGS. 13 and 14). This design is known as a compensating
release system. It allows engagement of interconnecting parts or
surfaces by providing compensating part movements that ensure
correct engagements when necessary.
[0169] Comparing to the previous first embodiment shown in FIGS.
1-7 and 12, 13, the arms 13 are now replaced by selector 14 as is
particularly shown in FIGS. 16 and 19. This design provides equal
G-Force excursion on both ends.
[0170] By providing a member such as selector 14 which spans from
the center to both the ends, the energy to displace the selector 14
by actuation of cam 16 (shown in FIG. 17) is reduced
dramatically.
[0171] Since selector 14 is a single piece member and the G-Forces
imparted to it at high speed is equal at both ends, the force
needed to accomplish a small off center displacement is very
minute.
[0172] In addition, the design of the lever release 10 (shown in
FIGS. 14 and 15) provides a system where the movement of sear 13
can be very small indeed and in fact can be as small as 0.040''
Inches. This is much less than in the previous invention of where
the sear was 0.150'' inches.
[0173] FIG. 17a shows the cam 16 having moved the selector 14 a
short distance off center which disengaged sear 13 from lever 10,
permitting ball 18 to move to the release position as shown in FIG.
15.
[0174] It is noted that in FIG. 17a, lever 10 and sear 13 are in
their normal position aa shown in FIG. 14 which prevents balls from
being released.
[0175] Spring 11 returns lever 10 to its locked position as shown
in FIGS. 14 and 17b.
[0176] FIGS. 17a and 17b show a dimension X2. This dimension is the
movement of the cam 16. It is a small movement necessary to
accomplish the projectile release.
[0177] FIG. 17b shows the cam 16 in the center position, ensuring
selector 14 does not engage either of the levers 10 via the sears
13 and preventing the release of the projectiles.
[0178] In FIGS. 14 and 15 the tension of spring 11 is most
critical, and the mass of sear 13 as is also shown in FIGS. 14 and
15 is also very critical. For instance, FIG. 15 shows lever 10 in
the open position. If the mass of sear 13 shown in FIG. 15 is too
great, it will prevent lever 10 from returning to it's closed
position as shown in FIG. 14. This undesirable sequence of events
will allow the projectiles to be released out of control and damage
the housing and weapon itself. Therefore, it is most critical for
spring 11 and sear 13 to be and have accurate spring tension and
correct mass for the sear.
[0179] The improved, second, embodiment of a projectile release
mechanism in accordance with the present invention therefore
provides a unique releasing system that requires little mechanical
effort to release the projectiles regardless of the rotational
speed of housing member 17 and very little cam engagement to effect
projectile release. It is advantage and object of the present
invention that regardless of the size of the projectile, only a
small amount of movement is required for the cam 16 to effect
projectile release, whereas the previous invention required a cam
engagement movement of at least 1/2 the projectile diameter.
Therefore, if a projectile diameter of 0.500'' inches was to be
used, the cam engagement movement of 0.250'' inches would have to
be employed. This would make it impossible to release large
projectiles at high speeds.
[0180] The second embodiment of the trigger release mechanism in
accordance with the present invention is thus not restricted in its
performance by either high G-forces or projectile sizes.
[0181] A still further object of the present invention is to
provide additional projectile capacity within the rotating member
17, ensuring a greater supply of projectiles for discharging prior
to re-feeding the system.
[0182] A yet still further object, and option, to the present
invention would be to provide an air evacuating system (not shown)
which would otherwise cause a vibration to the tips of the rotating
member 17 thereby reducing stress and possible material
fatigue.
[0183] This air evacuating can be in a number of forms but the main
object of this invention is to acknowledge that it exists and there
are a number of known methods that can be used to eliminate the
compressed air problem that could otherwise impeded the system from
operating at high speed.
[0184] The magazine system contemplated is for use in the
centrifugal gun in accordance with the present invention is similar
to a conventional paint ball hopper for a paint ball gun. It uses a
battery operated rotational disc with small upwardly extending
segments which during its rotation channel the balls through a
section with an exit downwards. The speed of the feed is adjusted
electronically. Or, alternatively, a hopper system with a vibratory
motor can be used. In general the feeding of spherical projectiles
is within the known prior art, and within the abilities of a
practitioner of the mechanical arts.
[0185] Considering once again FIGS. 13-17, and in particular FIG.
17, the same practitioner will recognize that the disc 1 need not
be an actual physical disc, but need only duplicate the function of
a rotating disk. In fact the preferred "disk" is a single member
that has section C, a groove 6 and an exit 9 at each end. In other
words, the most preferred embodiment of the centrifugal gun is a
dual exit firing system. This is the embodiment illustrated in side
plan view in FIG. 10.
[0186] Now, as the disc speeds up and achieves high rpm the
G-Forces on bearings 4 (shown in FIG. 6) become tremendous and cam
ring 8 (also shown in FIG. 4) becomes very difficult to actuate.
Accordingly, the balls cannot be easily released, or even released
at all. Various cam designs can be sued to improve projectile
(ball) release. However, once ejection velocity reaches around 800
feet per second, a cam-based ejection control system is at its
limit. The rotating bearings 4 provide such powerful G-Forces that
the cam ring 8 acts like it is trying to dislodge a solid wall. The
higher the RPM the more difficult it becomes to actuate the cam
ring 8.
[0187] Accordingly, the original embodiment of FIGS. 1-9 was for
relatively lower projectile ejection velocities and, most commonly,
less than lethal applications of the centrifugal gun.
[0188] This limitation is completely overcome by the improved,
second, embodiment of the trigger release mechanism in accordance
with the present invention as is shown in FIGS. 13-17. Using a dual
exit system, the members 3 (shown in FIG. 4) of the previous,
first, embodiment are now attached to each other so it becomes
single member able to release either ball alternatively as the cam
8 is actuated.
[0189] This improvement overcomes the G-Force problem because as
one end is cammed out of its center position this displacement is
aided by the mass at the other end. Effectively all the trigger
mechanism is trying to dislodge against the G-Forces is about 3 to
5 percent of the actual mass. This improvement permits ejection of
projectiles at, depending upon gun diameter and speed, very much
greater velocities than heretofore, and at velocities equal to or
greater than bullets of like caliber.
[0190] A top plan view of a preferred lock arm, interactive with
the rotating assembly previously seen in FIGS. 1, et. seq, for
controlling a loading of projectile balls in the improved, second
embodiment of a projectile release trigger mechanism for a
centrifugal gun in accordance with the present invention is shown
in FIG. 18. This lock arm serves the objective of automatically
re-loading the centrifugal gun but to have the re-loading sequence
to take place only once the rotating member 17 (shown in FIGS.
11-12, and elsewhere) has slowed down.
[0191] FIG. 18a shows lock arm 31 being held rearwards by spring 3.
At a pre-determined low rpm lock members 31 will permit balls to
load and to enter into cavity entrance 33. However, once the member
17 increases it's rotation to a very high rpm, the G forces exerted
induce the lock arm 31 to move forward from the center, thereby
blocking the feeding of any additional balls while the centrifugal
gun is operating at high speed and discharging the balls.
[0192] Because the member 17 is capable of generating high G
forces, it is not practical to allow free ball loading
capabilities. The weapon discharges balls at a far greater rate
than can be loaded, therefore, if balls were to be allowed to enter
cavity entrance 33 during a high speed cycle, the balls would
accelerate at such a high rate as to cause damage to Lever 10
(shown in FIG. 10) and render the centrifugal gun inoperable.
[0193] This controlled loading sequence is controlled
electronically, which senses that all the balls have departed
member 17, slows down the rotation of member 17, allowing locks 31
to return to the open position shown in FIG. 18b, permitting the
re-loading cycle to commence once again. Once reloading is
complete, the electronic sensor (not shown) instructs member 17 to
once again speed up it's pre-programmed high speed and is ready to
fire the projectiles as desired.
[0194] A practitioner of the mechanical arts will recognize that,
one the principle of minimizing cycling inertial mass within a
centrifugal gun, and particularly within it trigger mechanism, is
recognized, there are many ways of accomplishing the task. For
example, yet another improved part to the projectile release
trigger mechanism of the centrifugal gun in accordance with the
present invention is shown in another, third, variant embodiment in
FIG. 19, consisting of FIGS. 19a and 19b, and in FIG. 20,
consisting of FIGS. 20a and 20b.
[0195] FIG. 19, consisting of FIGS. 19a and 19b, are respective top
and side plan views of a centrifugal gun having an improved, third
embodiment, projectile release trigger mechanism in accordance with
the present invention in a first, projectile-release-obstructing,
position.
[0196] FIG. 20, consisting of FIGS. 20a and 20b, are respective top
and side plan views of a centrifugal gun with the improved, third
embodiment, projectile release trigger mechanism in accordance with
the present invention previously seen in FIG. 19, this third
embodiment of the release mechanism now in a second,
projectile-releasing, position.
[0197] In both Figures it may be recognized that an arm 13 that is
now of a new form cycles minimally in position in order to release
projectiles.
6. Discussion of the Specific Capabilities of the Weapon
[0198] This invention together with its projectiles of potentially
custom design is a quantum leap in small arms development. It is
totally safe to the operator, does not draw return fire, and offers
a silent and toxic-free system capable of safe continuous sustained
fire without any jamming or the replacement of costly parts due to
thermal wear common to all conventional weapon systems.
[0199] The weapon 1 is continuously operative over a broad range of
rotational speeds. The rotational speed is, of course, determinate
of both (1) the number of projectiles ejected per unit time, and
(2) the ejection velocity of these projectiles. Rotational speed
and force of the prime mover, or motor, 203 (shown in FIG. 8) may
be varied in a range between (1) essentially zero, where but few
projectiles infrequently dribble from the weapon with essentially
zero ejection velocity, and (2) a high rate of speed where
multiplicities of more than 10 projectiles each minute are ejected
from the weapon at speeds greater than 100 feet per second. Thus
both a velocity, and a rate, of projectile ejection from the weapon
1 are continuously variable with change in the rotational speed of
the prime mover, or motor, 203.
[0200] Acceleration of the projectiles is gradual, and without
appreciable shock of the projectile, or bullet, as is manifestly
typical of firearms. If a projectile is to be "smart", and to
contain computer and/or sensor electronics--as is manifestly
permitted by projectiles ranging to one inch diameter in the weapon
1 of the present invention--then the gradual projectile
acceleration within the weapon 1 is high beneficial to not damaging
these electronics while still maintaining full projectile speed and
lethality.
[0201] In accordance with these and other possible variations and
adaptations of the present invention, the scope of the invention
should be determined in accordance with the following claims, only,
and not solely in accordance with that embodiment within which the
invention has been taught.
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