U.S. patent application number 12/117498 was filed with the patent office on 2008-10-16 for system for providing a frustrated total internal reflection touch interface.
This patent application is currently assigned to International Business Machines Corporation. Invention is credited to Timothy W. CROCKETT, Robert S. Fortenberry.
Application Number | 20080252619 12/117498 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36566913 |
Filed Date | 2008-10-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080252619 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
CROCKETT; Timothy W. ; et
al. |
October 16, 2008 |
System for Providing a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection Touch
Interface
Abstract
A system for providing a touch interface on a display are
described. The system include providing an emitter on a first side
of the display and providing a detector on a second side of the
display. The emitter provides an electromagnetic signal to the
display. The electromagnetic signal has a path from the emitter to
the detector through the display in the absence of a user's touch
such that the electromagnetic signal is detected by the detector in
the absence of the user's touch. The path includes at least one
total internal reflection in the display. The emitter and the
detector are configured such that the user's touch at any of the at
least one total internal reflection alters the path such that a
portion of the electromagnetic signal does not reach the
detector.
Inventors: |
CROCKETT; Timothy W.;
(Raleigh, NC) ; Fortenberry; Robert S.; (Raleigh,
NC) |
Correspondence
Address: |
IBM RP-RPS;SAWYER LAW GROUP LLP
2465 E. Bayshore Road, Suite No. 406
PALO ALTO
CA
94303
US
|
Assignee: |
International Business Machines
Corporation
Armonk
NY
|
Family ID: |
36566913 |
Appl. No.: |
12/117498 |
Filed: |
May 8, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10991668 |
Nov 17, 2004 |
|
|
|
12117498 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
345/175 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06F 2203/04109
20130101; G06F 3/0421 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
345/175 |
International
Class: |
G06F 3/042 20060101
G06F003/042 |
Claims
1. A system for providing a touch interface including a display
comprising: an emitter on a first side of the display, the emitter
providing an electromagnetic signal to the display, wherein the
display is transparent; and a detector on a second side of the
display, the display providing the electromagnetic signal a path
from the emitter to the detector through the display in the absence
of a detectable touch such that the electromagnetic signal is
detected by the detector in the absence of the detectable touch,
the path including at least one total internal reflection in the
display; wherein the emitter and the detector are configured such
that the detectable touch when at any of the at least one total
internal reflection is detectable such that a portion of the
electromagnetic signal transmitted along the path does not reach
the detector.
2. The system of claim 1 further including: a barrier corresponding
to the emitter, the barrier residing between the emitter and the
display, the barrier for blocking a zero mode path between the
emitter and the detector for the electromagnetic signal.
3. The system of claim 1 further including: a detector barrier
corresponding to the detector, the detector barrier residing
between the detector and the display, the detector barrier for
blocking a zero mode path between the emitter and the detector for
the electromagnetic signal.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the display includes a third side
having an interface between the display and air.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein the second side is opposite to the
first side.
6. The system of claim 1 wherein the detector indicating that the
portion of the electromagnetic signal failed to reach the detector
corresponds to the detectable touch.
7. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the first side and
the second side of the display includes at least one beveled
edge.
8. A system for providing a touch interface having a display
comprising: a plurality of emitters on a first side of the display,
each of the plurality of emitters providing an electromagnetic
signal to the display, wherein the display is transparent; a
plurality of detectors on a second side of the display, the
electromagnetic signal having a path from each of the plurality of
emitters to a corresponding detector of the plurality of detectors
through the display in the absence of a detectable touch such that
the electromagnetic signal is detected by the corresponding
detector in the absence of the detectable touch, the path including
at least one total internal reflection in the display; a plurality
of barriers corresponding to the plurality of emitters, the
plurality of barriers residing between the plurality of emitters
and the display, each of the plurality of barriers for blocking a
zero mode path between the emitter and the corresponding detector
for the electromagnetic signal; a plurality of detector barriers
corresponding to the plurality of detectors, the plurality of
detector barriers residing between the plurality of detectors and
the display, each of the plurality of detector barriers for
blocking the zero mode path between the emitter and the
corresponding detector for the electromagnetic signal wherein the
plurality of emitters and the plurality of detectors are configured
such that the detectable touch at any of the at least one total
internal reflection is detectable as a portion of the
electromagnetic signal transmitted along the path does not reach
the corresponding detector.
9. The system of claim 8 further comprising: a first plurality of
emitters on a third side of the display, each of the first
plurality of emitters providing a first electromagnetic signal to
the display; a first plurality of detectors on a fourth side of the
display, the fourth side opposing the third side, the first
electromagnetic signal having a first path from each of the first
plurality of emitters to a corresponding first detector of the
first plurality of detectors through the display in the absence of
the detectable touch such that the first electromagnetic signal is
detected in the absence of the detectable touch, the path including
at least one additional total internal reflection in the display; a
first plurality of barriers corresponding to the first plurality of
emitters, the first plurality of barriers residing between the
first plurality of emitters and the display, the first plurality of
barriers for blocking a first zero mode path between the first
plurality of emitters and the first plurality of detectors for the
first electromagnetic signal, a first plurality of detector
barriers corresponding to the first plurality of detectors, the
first plurality of detector barriers residing between the first
plurality of detectors and the display, each of the first plurality
of detector barriers for blocking the zero mode path between the
first emitter and the first corresponding detector for the
electromagnetic signal wherein the first plurality of emitters and
the first plurality of detectors are configured such that the
detectable touch at one of the at least one additional total
internal reflections is detectable as the first electromagnetic
signal transmitted along the path does not reach the corresponding
first detector.
Description
[0001] Under 35 USC .sctn.120, this application is a continuation
application and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 10/991,668 filed Nov. 17, 2004, entitled
"Method for Providing a Frustrated Total Internal Reflection Touch
Interface", all of which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to computer system interfaces
and more particularly to a system for providing a touch interface
using frustrated total internal reflection as a detection
mechanism.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Touch interfaces are used in a variety of computer systems.
FIG. 1A depicts a side view of a portion of a conventional touch
interface 10 in the absence of a user's touch. The conventional
touch interface 10 includes a screen 20, emitter 30, and detector
40. Although only one emitter 30 and one detector 40 are depicted,
the conventional touch interface 10 typically includes emitters on
first and second sides of the screen 20 and corresponding detectors
on the third and fourth sides of the screen 20 that are opposite to
the first and second sides, respectively.
[0004] In operation, the emitter 30 emits an electromagnetic signal
that is typically an infrared signal. The infrared signal follows
the path 50 to the detector 40 in the absence of a user's touch.
When a user is not touching the screen 20, the detector 40 detects
the infrared signal. Thus, infrared signals between the emitters
and detectors form a grid over the screen 50 when a user is not
touching the screen 20.
[0005] FIG. 1B depicts the conventional touch interface 10 when a
user touches the screen 20. When the user touches the screen 20,
the path 50 of the infrared signal is changed to the path 50'.
Thus, because path 50' does not reach the detector 40, the infrared
signal does not reach the detector 40. As a result, the user's
touch is detected. A touch that interrupts any of the infrared
signals between the emitter and detector pairs will be detected.
Thus, the conventional touch interface 10 allows the user to
interact with the computer system employing the conventional touch
interface 10.
[0006] Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, although the conventional
touch interface 10 functions, one of ordinary skill in the art will
readily recognize that the conventional touch interface 10 is
subject to detecting false positives for unintentional touches.
Unintentional touches occur when items other than a user touch the
screen. Unintentional touches can interrupt the path 50 between the
emitter 30 and detector 40. For example, items other than the user
depicted in FIG. 1B can result in the path 50' that does not reach
the detector 40. For example, clothing such as ties, flies, or
other items touching the screen 20 result in the path 50'.
Consequently, the conventional touch interface 10 detects such
unintentional touches, resulting in false positives for the
unintentional touches.
[0007] Accordingly, what is needed is a mechanism for providing a
touch interface that reduces the false positives that are detected.
The present invention addresses such a need.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention provides a system for providing a
touch interface on a display. The system comprise providing an
emitter on a first side of the display and providing a detector on
a second side of the display. The emitter provides an
electromagnetic signal to the display cover. The transparent
display cover is of sufficient density and thickness to create the
conditions required for total internal reflection. The
electromagnetic signal has an internally reflected path from the
emitter to the detector through the transparent display cover in
the absence of a user's touch such that the electromagnetic signal
is detected by the detector in the absence of the user's touch. The
emitter and the detector are configured such that the user's touch
on the transparent cover frustrates the total internal reflection
path reducing the portion of the electromagnetic signal that
reaches the detector. A loss of transferred electromagnetic energy
from the emitter to the detector below a specified threshold is
perceived as a valid touch.
[0009] According to the system disclosed herein, the present
invention provides a touch interface which is sensitive to the
user's touch, and results in reduced false positives due to
unintentional touches.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1A is a diagram depicting a side view of a portion of a
conventional touch interface when a user is not touching the
screen.
[0011] FIG. 1B is a diagram depicting a side view of a portion of a
conventional touch interface when a user is touching the
screen.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting a top view of a portion of one
embodiment of a touch interface in accordance with the present
invention when a user is not touching the display.
[0013] FIG. 3A is a diagram depicting a side view of a portion of
one embodiment of a touch interface in accordance with the present
invention when a user is not touching the display.
[0014] FIG. 3B is a diagram depicting a side view of a portion of a
one embodiment of touch interface in accordance with the present
invention when a user is touching the display.
[0015] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting a side view of a portion of
another embodiment of a touch interface in accordance with the
present invention when a user is not touching the display.
[0016] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting one embodiment in accordance
with the present invention for providing a touch interface.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The present invention relates to touch interfaces. The
following description is presented to enable one of ordinary skill
in the art to make and use the invention and is provided in the
context of a patent application and its requirements. Various
modifications to the preferred embodiments and the generic
principles and features described herein will be readily apparent
to those skilled in the art. Thus, the present invention is not
intended to be limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be
accorded the widest scope consistent with the principles and
features described herein.
[0018] The present invention provides a system for providing a
touch interface on a display. The system comprises providing an
emitter on a first side of the display and providing a detector on
a second side of the display. The emitter provides an
electromagnetic signal to the display. The electromagnetic signal
has a path from the emitter to the detector through the transparent
cover of the display in the absence of a user's touch such that the
electromagnetic signal is detected by the detector in the absence
of the user's touch. The path includes total internal reflections
in the display. The path does not include any non reflected energy
such as energy that does not travel through the transparent cover
as well as straight through or zero mode paths. The emitter and the
detector are configured such that the user's touch on the
transparent cover frustrates the total internal reflection such
that it reduces the portion of the electromagnetic signal that
reaches the detector below the detection threshold.
[0019] The present invention will be described in terms of a
particular touch interface using certain emitters and detectors in
particular positions. However, one of ordinary skill in the art
will readily recognize that the method and system can be utilized
for other touch interfaces not inconsistent with the present
invention. Furthermore, although the present invention is described
in the context of particular computer system, nothing prevents the
method and system from being used in conjunction with other
computer systems.
[0020] FIG. 2 is a diagram depicting a top view of a portion of a
touch interface 100 in accordance with the present invention when a
user is not touching the display. The touch interface 100 includes
a display 110, emitters 120, and detectors 130. The display 110 is
termed a display because the user preferably views images depicted
by the system with which the touch interface 100 is used through
the display 100. However, note that in one embodiment, described
below, the display 110 is placed on top of a screen that is already
in place. The electromagnetic signals from the emitters 120 to the
detectors 130 have paths 150 forming a grid across the display 110.
Note, however, that for clarity only two of the paths 150 are
marked in FIG. 2. In a preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic
signals are infrared signals. However, in another embodiment,
another type of signal might be used. Further, although the paths
150 are depicted as lines in FIG. 2, the paths can be considered to
have a finite width.
[0021] The emitters 120 and detectors 130 are arranged such that a
user's touch on any portion of interest on the display 110 can be
detected. Thus, the spaces between the paths 150 should be small
enough that a user's finger touching the display 110 always
contacts at least part of one of the electromagnetic signals.
However, the paths are also sufficiently separated that the user's
touch results in a sufficient reduction of signal to be detectable.
Also in a preferred embodiment, only one pair of emitters
120-detectors 130 are active at any one time. As a result,
components may be placed in very close proximity without resulting
in issues due to interference. Stated differently, time domain
multiplexing or scanning is preferably employed. In a preferred
embodiment, the emitters 120 and detectors 130 are placed such that
the paths are one to one and one half centimeters apart. However,
in another embodiment, the electromagnetic signals may be separated
by a different distance. In addition, although the paths 150 are
depicted as forming a rectangular grid between opposing sides of
the display 110 is depicted in FIG. 2, nothing prevents another
arrangement of the emitters 120 and detectors 130. Further,
although a particular number of emitters 120 and detectors 130 are
shown for clarity, nothing prevents the use of another number of
detectors 130 and/or emitters.
[0022] FIG. 3A depicts a side view of one embodiment of the touch
interface 100 in accordance with the present invention when a user
is not touching the display 110. Referring to FIGS. 2 and 3A, an
emitter 120 and a corresponding detector 130 are depicted, as well
as the path 150 between the emitter 120 and detector 130 for the
electromagnetic signal. Also depicted in FIGS. 3A and 3B are
barriers 140 and 142. Although not shown in FIG. 2, each emitter
120 and detector 130 preferably has a corresponding barrier 140 and
142, respectively.
[0023] As can be seen in FIG. 3A, the electromagnetic signal
travels between the emitter 120 and the detector 130. The path 150
traveled by the electromagnetic signal between the emitter 120 and
detector 130 includes one or more total internal reflection 152,
154, and 156 at the upper surface 112 and/or lower 114 surfaces of
the display 110. For total internal reflection to occur, the index
of refraction outside of the display 110 where the total internal
reflection 152, 154, or 156 occurs is lower than the index of
refraction of the display 110. The angle of reflection depends upon
the ratio of the index of refraction of the display 110 and the
index of refraction of the region outside of the display 110. In a
preferred embodiment, air surrounds the display 110 at its upper
and lower surfaces 112 and 114, respectively. However, in another
embodiment, different materials could surround the upper surface
112 and/or lower surface 114 of the display 110 as long as any of
the surrounding material(s) have an index of refraction lower than
that of the display 110. As can be seen by the path 150, in the
absence of a user's touch, the electromagnetic signal from the
emitter 120 travels to and is, therefore, detected by the detector
130.
[0024] As discussed above, the path 150 traveled by the
electromagnetic signal includes at least one total internal
reflection, such as the total internal reflections 152, 154, and
156. The barriers 140 and 142 prevent the zeroth mode (unreflected)
path for the electromagnetic signals from traveling between the
emitter 120 and detector 130. Consequently, the electromagnetic
signal following the path 150 to the detector 130 from the emitter
120 is the portion of the electromagnetic signal that is both
output by the emitter 120 and not blocked by either the barrier 140
or 142. Stated differently, the barriers 140 and 142 ensure that
only the electromagnetic signal undergoing at least one total
internal reflection might reach the detector 130.
[0025] FIG. 3B depicts the embodiment of the touch interface 100 in
accordance with the present invention when a user is touching the
display 110. Thus, the situation depicted in FIG. 3B results in a
touch being detected by the touch interface 100. Referring to FIGS.
2 and 3B, because the user is touching the upper surface 112 of the
display 110 at region 116, a portion of the electromagnetic signal
is transmitted and subsequently scattered or absorbed at the region
116. This is exemplified by reflection 154'. Thus, the path 150' is
altered such that a portion of the electromagnetic signal does not
reach the detector 130. Instead, the portion of the electromagnetic
signal reflecting at the region 116 is transmitted, subsequently
scattered or absorbed, and may exit the display 110 in a different
region, for example at the lower surface 114.
[0026] Thus, the portion of the electromagnetic signal that
undergoes total internal reflection 154' at the region 116 will no
longer reach the detector 130. Consequently, the electromagnetic
signal at the detector 130 decreases to levels low enough that the
user's touch is detected. Thus, the user's touch is detected.
[0027] In one embodiment, the detector 130 is configured such that
when the remaining portion of the electromagnetic signal (if any)
reaching the detector 130 along the path 150' is at or below a
particular threshold, the detector 130 indicates that no
electromagnetic signal has been received. In such an embodiment, an
output signal from the detector 130 indicating that no
electromagnetic signal has been detected corresponds to a user's
touch. In an alternate embodiment, the detector 130 may simply
provide an output signal proportional to the amount of
electromagnetic signal detected. In such an embodiment, the
detector 130 may be coupled to component(s) (not shown) that
compare the output signal of the detector 130 to another threshold.
If the output signal is at or below this threshold, it is indicated
that the user has touched the display. Furthermore, because
multiple emitters 120 and detectors 130 are used, a touch at any
portion of interest of the display 110 can be detected by the touch
interface 100.
[0028] Thus, the touch interface 100 detects the user's touch when
the path 150' is altered such that at least the portion of the
electromagnetic signal does not reach the detector. Further, an
inadvertent touch, such as by a piece of clothing or a fly, may not
result in detection of a false positive by the touch interface 100.
For such an inadvertent touch, the reduction in the electromagnetic
signal reaching the detector 130 may be small enough that the
inadvertent touch is not detected. In particular, the change in the
index of refraction outside of the display due to the inadvertent
touch may be insufficient or occur over a small enough area that
any change in the angle of reflection is small. Consequently, a
large portion of the electromagnetic signal still reaches the
detector 130. This large portion of the electromagnetic signal is
sufficient that no false positive occurs. Thus, the touch interface
100 not only functions, but may also result in fewer false positive
detections due to inadvertent touches.
[0029] FIG. 4 is a diagram depicting a side view of a portion of
another embodiment of a touch interface 100' in accordance with the
present invention when a user is not touching the display. The
touch interface 100' is analogous to the touch interface 100.
Consequently, similar components are labeled in an analogous
fashion. Thus, the touch interface 100' includes a display 110'
having a top surface 112' and a bottom surface 114', emitter 120',
detector 130', barriers 140' and 142', as well as an
electromagnetic signal having a path 150'' and total internal
reflections 152', 154'', and 156'. Note however, that the display
110' has been placed over a conventional screen 170 and is
separated from the screen 170 by spacers 172 and 174. In a
preferred embodiment, the spacers 172 and 174 are merely
double-stick tape. Thus, the spacers 172 and 174 preferably serve
the dual purpose of separating the display 110' from the screen 170
and affixing the display 110' in place. The touch interface 100'
may, therefore, be formed simply by adding the display 110',
spacers 172 and 174, and barriers 140' and 142' to a conventional
system already having emitters 120' and detectors 130'. The spacers
172 and 174 ensure that a gap exists between the display 110' and
the screen 170. Thus, the spacers 172 and 174 ensure that the index
of refraction of the material adjacent to the bottom surface 114'
of the display 110' is less than the index of refraction of the
display 110'.
[0030] In addition, the display 110' includes beveled edges 118 and
119. The beveled edges 118 and 119 are shaped to refract the signal
passing through the display 110 such that a greater portion of the
electromagnetic signal travels through the desired paths 150'. Note
that although a particular shape of the beveled edges 118 and 119
is depicted in FIG. 4, nothing prevents the use of another shape
that can focus the power in the electromagnetic signal to the
desired paths. Furthermore, nothing prevents the use of the beveled
edges 118 and 119 from being used in another embodiment, such as
the touch interface 100.
[0031] The touch interface 100' functions in analogous manner to
the touch interface 100 and has many of the same advantages
including less likely detection of inadvertent touches.
Furthermore, the touch interface 100' may be relatively simply and
inexpensive to implement. The touch interface 100' may also be
added to conventional systems, allowing conventional touch
interfaces to be upgraded without incurring significant costs.
[0032] FIG. 5 is a diagram depicting one embodiment of a method 200
in accordance with the present invention for providing a touch
interface. For clarity, the method 200 is described in the context
of the touch interface 100. However, nothing prevents the method
200 from being used in conjunction with a system not inconsistent
with the present invention. An electromagnetic signal is provided
from a first side of the display of the touch interface, via step
202. In a preferred embodiment, step 202 is performed using the
emitters 120. The zero mode path between the emitter and the
detector for the electromagnetic signal is blocked, via step 204.
In a preferred embodiment, step 204 is performed using the barriers
140 and 142. It is determined whether a sufficient remaining
portion of the electromagnetic signal is detected at the second
side of the display 110 to determine that a user has not touched
the screen, via step 206. In a preferred embodiment, step 206 is
performed using the detectors 130. In addition, step 206 is
performed such that in the absence of a user's touch, any portion
of the electromagnetic signal detected must traverse a path through
the display and between the first and second sides and include at
least one total internal reflection in the display 110. Thus, in
the absence of the user's touch, step 206 detects a sufficient
amount of the electromagnetic signal traversing the path that the
user's touch is not detected. Step 206 is also performed such that
the user's touch at one of the at least one total internal
reflection alters the path such that a portion of the
electromagnetic signal is not detected on the second side. The
portion that is not detected is sufficient large that the user's
touch is detected in step 206 when the path is so altered. Stated
differently, the amount of the electromagnetic signal that is
detected in the presence of the user's touch is sufficiently small
that the user's touch would be detected in step 206. The user's
touch, if any, is indicated in response to step 206 indicating that
the portion of the electromagnetic signal is not detected, via step
208.
[0033] Thus, using the method 200, the touch interfaces 100 and
100' can detect the user's touch when the path 150' is altered such
that at least the portion of the electromagnetic signal does not
reach the detector. Further, as discussed above, an inadvertent
touch, such as by a piece of clothing or a fly, may not result in
detection of a false positive by the touch interface 100. Thus, the
method 200 not only functions, but may also result in fewer false
positive detections due to inadvertent touches.
[0034] A system for providing a touch interface has been disclosed.
The present invention has been described in accordance with the
embodiments shown, and one of ordinary skill in the art will
readily recognize that there could be variations to the
embodiments, and any variations would be within the spirit and
scope of the present invention. Accordingly, many modifications may
be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from
the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
* * * * *