U.S. patent application number 12/079605 was filed with the patent office on 2008-10-09 for electret materials.
Invention is credited to Hui Chin, Anthony D. DeBellis, Matthew E. Gande, Per Magnus Kristiansen, Andrew J. Leggio, Sai P. Shum, Klaus Stoll.
Application Number | 20080249269 12/079605 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39642696 |
Filed Date | 2008-10-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080249269 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Chin; Hui ; et al. |
October 9, 2008 |
Electret materials
Abstract
Disclosed are electret materials with outstanding thermal and
charge stability. The electret materials comprise a melt blend of a
thermoplastic polymer and one or more compounds selected from the
aromatic trisamides. The aromatic trisamides are for example of the
formula ##STR00001## The melt blends are subjected to an electret
treatment, for example a corona treatment. The electret materials
are for example nonwoven polyolefin webs and are employed as filter
materials, wipes, absorbent materials, filter masks, acoustic
materials, printing substrates, measuring devices or contactless
switches. The present electret materials may also comprise a
further additive selected from the hindered amine light stabilizers
and the hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters.
Inventors: |
Chin; Hui; (Katonah, NY)
; Leggio; Andrew J.; (Franklin Square, NY) ;
Gande; Matthew E.; (Norwalk, CT) ; DeBellis; Anthony
D.; (Stony Point, NY) ; Shum; Sai P.;
(Pleasantville, NY) ; Kristiansen; Per Magnus;
(Zurich, CH) ; Stoll; Klaus; (Binzen, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Patent Department;Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation
540 White Plains Road, P.O. Box 2005
Tarrytown
NY
10591-9005
US
|
Family ID: |
39642696 |
Appl. No.: |
12/079605 |
Filed: |
March 27, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60928610 |
May 10, 2007 |
|
|
|
60922024 |
Apr 5, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
526/208 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y10T 442/60 20150401;
Y10T 442/696 20150401; H01G 7/023 20130101; H01G 7/02 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
526/208 |
International
Class: |
C08F 2/00 20060101
C08F002/00 |
Claims
[0313] 1. An electret material with enhanced thermal and charge
stability, which material has been subjected to an electret
treatment, comprising a thermoplastic polymer and incorporated
therein, an effective stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic
trisamide compounds of formula I ##STR00025## wherein R.sub.1,
R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, independently of
one another, are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl,
C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkylamino,
di(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyloxy or
hydroxy; C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; cyclohexylmethyl; cyclohexylmethyl
substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl;
C.sub.5-C.sub.9cycloalkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.9cycloalkenyl
substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; phenyl substituted
by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyloxy, hydroxy, halogen,
trihalogenmethyl, trihalogenmethoxy, benzoyl, phenylamino,
acylamino and phenylazo; C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl by 1,
2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkoxy and hydroxy;
naphthyl, naphthyl substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; adamantyl,
or a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group; or an effective
stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds of
the formula IIa, IIb or IIc ##STR00026## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2
and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2
and Z.sub.3 independently of one another are C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy;
C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
hydroxy; C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur;
C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
(C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
bis[C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl]-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; a bicyclic or
tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals
selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl)amino, hydroxy
and nitro; phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more radicals selected from
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy and hydroxy; phenylethenyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
biphenyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by
one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
naphthyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; naphthoxymethyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; biphenylenyl,
flourenyl, anthryl; a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic radical
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
a C.sub.1-C.sub.20hydrocarbon radical containing one or more
halogen; or tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)silyl(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl);
with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2
and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2
and Z.sub.3 is branched C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more hydroxy; C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl
interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
(C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; a bicyclic or
tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals
selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl)amino, hydroxy
and nitro; phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more radicals selected from
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy and hydroxy;
biphenyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by
one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; naphthyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
or tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)silyl(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl).
2. An electret material according to claim 1 comprising one or more
trisamide compounds of formula I.
3. An electret material according to claim 1 comprising one or more
trisamide compounds of formula IIa, IIb or IIc.
4. An electret material according to claim 1 in which the
thermoplastic polymer is polypropylene.
5. An electret material according to claim 1 in which the
thermoplastic polymer is a nonwoven polypropylene web.
6. An electret material according to claim 1 where in the compounds
of formula IIa, IIb and IIc, that at least one of the radicals
R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, or
Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is branched C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkyl, or
is C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl.
7. An electret material according to claim 1 where the electret
treatment is a corona treatment.
8. An electret material according to claim 1 wherein the
thermoplastic polymer further has incorporated therein an additive
selected from the group consisting of the hindered amine light
stabilizers.
9. An electret material according to claim 1 wherein the
thermoplastic polymer further has incorporated therein an additive
selected from the group consisting of the
hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters.
10. An electret material according to claim 1 wherein the aromatic
trisamide compounds are present from about 0.005 to 0.5% by weight,
based on the weight of the thermoplastic polymer.
11. A method for preparing an electret material with enhanced
thermal and charge stability, which method comprises melt blending
a thermoplastic polymer with an effective stabilizing amount of one
or more aromatic trisamide compounds of formula I ##STR00027##
wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, independently of one another,
are C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl substituted by
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)amino,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyloxy or hydroxy; C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkenyl,
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl substituted
by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; cyclohexylmethyl;
cyclohexylmethyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl;
C.sub.5-C.sub.9cycloalkenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.9cycloalkenyl
substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; phenyl substituted
by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyloxy, hydroxy, halogen,
trihalogenmethyl, trihalogenmethoxy, benzoyl, phenylamino,
acylamino and phenylazo; C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl,
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl by 1,
2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkoxy and hydroxy;
naphthyl, naphthyl substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; adamantyl,
or a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group; or an effective
stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds of
formula IIa, IIb or IIc ##STR00028## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and
R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and
Z.sub.3 independently of one another are C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy;
C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
hydroxy; C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur;
C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
(C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
bis[C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl]-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; a bicyclic or
tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals
selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl)amino, hydroxy
and nitro; phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more radicals selected from
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy and hydroxy; phenylethenyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
biphenyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by
one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; naphthyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
naphthyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; naphthoxymethyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; biphenylenyl,
flourenyl, anthryl; a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic radical
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
a C.sub.1-C.sub.20hydrocarbon radical containing one or more
halogen; or tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)silyl(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl);
with the proviso that at least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2
and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2
and Z.sub.3 is branched C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more hydroxy; C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl
interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
(C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; a bicyclic or
tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals
selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl)amino, hydroxy
and nitro; phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more radicals selected from
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy and hydroxy;
biphenyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl) unsubstituted or substituted by
one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; naphthyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
or tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)silyl(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl) and
subjecting the blend to an electret treatment.
12. A method according to claim 11 comprising melt blending the
thermoplastic polymer with one or more trisamide compounds of
formula I.
13. A method according to claim 11 comprising melt blending the
thermoplastic polymer with one or more trisamide compounds of
formula IIa, IIb or IIc.
14. A method according to claim 11 in which the thermoplastic
polymer is polypropylene.
15. A method according to claim 11 in which the blend is a nonwoven
polypropylene web.
16. A method according to claim 11 where in the compounds of
formula IIa, IIb and IIc, at least one of the radicals R.sub.1,
R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1,
Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is branched C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkyl, or is
C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl.
17. A method according to claim 11 where the electret treatment is
a corona treatment.
18. A method according to claim 11 which comprises melt blending
the thermoplastic polymer with a further additive selected from the
group consisting of the hindered amine light stabilizers.
19. A method according to claim 11 which comprises melt blending
the thermoplastic polymer with a further additive selected from the
group consisting of the hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or
monoesters.
20. A method according to claim 11 where the aromatic trisamides
are present from about 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, based on the weight
of the thermoplastic polymer.
Description
[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. provisional
application No. 60/928,610, filed May 10, 2007 and 60/922,024,
filed Apr. 5, 2007, the contents of which are incorporated herein
by reference.
[0002] The present invention is aimed at electret materials having
excellent thermal stability and charge stability. The electret
materials are for example polyolefin fibers or films and are
suitably employed as filter materials, wipes, absorbent materials,
filter masks, acoustic materials, printing substrates, measuring
devices or contactless switches.
BACKGROUND
[0003] U.S. Pat. No. 5,057,710 teaches electret materials
comprising hindered amines, nitrogen containing hindered phenols or
metal-containing hindered phenols.
[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 5,556,618 discloses antibacterial electret
materials.
[0005] U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,752 teaches high efficiency filter
medium containing a performance enhancing additive.
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 6,743,464 teaches a method of making electrets
through vapor condensation.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 6,969,484 discloses a method of making
electret.
[0008] U.S. patent app. No. 60/791,047, filed Apr. 11, 2006,
teaches electret materials comprising certain additives.
[0009] U.S. published app. No. 2005/0203226 and WO 2004/072168
teach trisamide nucleating agents.
[0010] Mohmeyer, et al., in Polymer, 48(2007), 1612-1619, discusses
electret materials.
SUMMARY
[0011] Disclosed is an electret material with enhanced thermal and
charge stability, which material has been subjected to an electret
treatment, comprising
[0012] a thermoplastic polymer and
[0013] incorporated therein, an effective stabilizing amount of one
or more aromatic trisamide compounds.
[0014] Also disclosed is a method for preparing an electret
material with enhanced thermal and charge stability, which method
comprises
[0015] melt blending a thermoplastic polymer with an effective
stabilizing amount of one or more aromatic trisamide compounds
and
[0016] subjecting the blend to an electret treatment.
DETAILED DISCLOSURE
[0017] The thermoplastic polymer is a non-conductive polymer that
has the capability of possessing a non-transitory or long-lived
trapped charge. The polymer is for example a polyolefin, a
halogenated vinyl polymer (e.g. polyvinyl chloride), polystyrene,
polycarbonate, a polyester (e.g. polyethylene terephthalate), a
polyamide or a fluoropolymer (e.g. polytetrafluoroethylene).
[0018] The thermoplastic polymers are for example propylene
homopolymers, propylene copolymers and polypropylene blends.
Propylene copolymers may contain various proportions up to 90%,
preferably up to 50%, of comonomers. Examples of comonomers are:
olefins such as 1-olefins, e.g. ethylene, 1-butene, 1-pentene,
1-hexene, 1-heptene or 1-octene, isobutylene, cycloolefins, e.g.
cyclopentene, cyclohexene, norbornene or ethylidenenorborne, dienes
such as butadiene, isoprene, 1,4-hexadiene, cyclopentadiene,
dicyclopentadiene or norbornadiene; also acrylic acid derivatives
and unsaturated carboxylic anhydrides such as maleic anhydride.
[0019] Polypropylene blends which can be used are mixtures of
polypropylene with polyolefins. Examples are blends of
polypropylene with polyethylene selected from the group consisting
of high density polyethylene (HDPE), high molecular weight high
density polyethylene (HMW HDPE), ultra high molecular weight high
density polyethylene (UHMW HDPE), medium density polyethylene
(MDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), linear low density
polyethylene (LLDPE), branched low density polyethylene (BLDPE) and
ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymers (EPDM) containing small
proportions of diene.
[0020] The polymer is especially a polyolefin, for example
polypropylene, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) or linear low density
polyethylene, or blends or copolymers thereof. The polymer may be a
blend of a polyolefin and a polymer that contains polar groups, for
example a polyester or a polyamide.
[0021] Polypropylene includes for instance reactor (such as
metallocene) and visbroken (e.g. peroxides, hydroxylamine esters,
thermally broken, etc.) grades.
[0022] The electret material comprising the thermoplastic material
is in the form of a nonwoven web, a film, or a woven fabric. The
electret material is in particular a nonwoven fibrous web.
[0023] The thermoplastic polymer may also be for example
polyurethane or a polyester such as polylactic acid. The
polyurethane may for example be in the form of a foam.
[0024] In addition to thermoplastic fibers, the electret material
may be a natural fiber such as cotton.
[0025] The electret treatment may be any known treatment. Electret
treatments are taught for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,057,710,
5,556,618, 6,123,752, 6,743,464, 6,969,484, 6,284,339, 5,256,176
and 6,926,961, the disclosures of which are hereby incorporated by
reference. The electret treatment is for example hydro-charging,
tribo-electric charging or corona treatment. The electret treatment
is especially a corona treatment.
[0026] An electret material according to this invention is a
thermoplastic material that has been subjected to an electret
treatment.
[0027] The aromatic trisamide compounds are taught for example in
U.S. published app. No. 2005/0203226 and U.S. application Ser.
No.10/544,508, published as WO 2004/072168, the contents of which
are hereby incorporated by reference.
[0028] The aromatic trisamides are for instance of formula I
##STR00002##
wherein [0029] R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and
R.sub.6, independently of one another, are hydrogen, [0030]
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, [0031] C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl substituted by
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)amino,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyloxy or hydroxy; [0032]
C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkenyl, [0033] C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, [0034]
C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; cyclohexylmethyl; [0035] cyclohexylmethyl
substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; [0036]
C.sub.5-C.sub.9cycloalkenyl, [0037] C.sub.5-C.sub.9cycloalkenyl
substituted by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl; [0038] phenyl
substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl, [0039]
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, trihalogenmethyl,
trihalogenmethoxy, benzoyl, phenylamino, acylamino and phenylazo;
[0040] C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, [0041]
C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is substituted on the phenyl by 1,
2 or 3 radicals selected from the group consisting of
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkoxy and hydroxy; [0042]
naphthyl, [0043] naphthyl substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl;
[0044] adamantyl, or [0045] a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic
group.
[0046] Examples of C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl are methyl, ethyl, propyl,
isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl,
n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl,
1-methyl-hexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl,
1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl,
1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl,
undecyl, 1-methyl-undecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl,
tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl
and eicosyl. Preferred examples are butyl, octyl and octadecyl.
[0047] Examples of C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl substituted by
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)amino,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyloxy or hydroxy are 3-methylaminopropyl,
2-dimethylaminoethyl, 2-diethylaminoethyl, 3-dimethylaminopropyl,
3-diethylaminopropyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl,
2-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2-ethoxypropyl,
3-isopropoxypropyl and hydroxyethyl. Preferred examples are
3-dimethylaminopropyl, 3-methoxypropyl and 2-methoxyethyl.
[0048] Examples of C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkenyl are allyl, 2-methallyl,
butenyl, pentenyl, hexenyl and oleyl. The carbon atom in position 1
is preferably saturated. Preferred examples are allyl and
oleyl.
[0049] Examples of C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl are cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and cyclododecyl. Preferred
examples are cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl and
cyclododecyl.
[0050] Preferred examples of C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkyl substituted
by 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl are 3-methylcyclohexyl and
2,3-dimethylcyclohexyl.
[0051] An example of cyclohexylmethyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl is 1-cyclohexylethyl.
[0052] An example of C.sub.5-C.sub.9cycloalkenyl is
cyclohexenyl.
[0053] An example of C.sub.5-C.sub.9cycloalkenyl substituted by 1,
2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl is methylcyclohexenyl.
[0054] Examples of phenyl substituted by 1, 2 or 3 radicals
selected from the group consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyloxy, hydroxy, halogen, trihalogenmethyl,
trihalogenmethoxy, benzoyl, phenylamino, acylamino and phenylazo
are 4-methylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl,
4-isopropylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-sec-butylphenyl,
4-isobutylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl,
2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-diethylphenyl, 2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl,
2,6-diisopropylphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 4-ethoxyphenyl,
4-hydroxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl,
2-chlorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-6-methylphenyl,
3,5-di(trifluoromethyl)phenyl, 4-trifluoromethoxyphenyl,
2-benzoylphenyl, 4-phenylaminophenyl, 4-acetamidophenyl and
4-(phenylazo)phenyl. A preferred example is 3,4-dimethylphenyl.
[0055] Examples of C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl are benzyl and
2-phenylethyl. Benzyl is preferred.
[0056] Examples of C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is substituted
on the phenyl by 1, 2 or 3 radicals selected from the group
consisting of C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkoxy and
hydroxy are methylbenzyl, dimethylbenzyl, trimethylbenzyl,
tert-butylbenzyl, methoxybenzyl and
3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl.
[0057] An example of naphthyl substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl
is methylnaphthyl.
[0058] Examples of a 5 to 6 membered heterocyclic group are
2-picolyl, (2-furyl)methyl, (2-tetrahydrofuryl)methyl, 2-pyrimidyl,
6-methyl-2-pyridyl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl and
2-(1-piperazinyl)ethyl.
[0059] The aromatic trisamides are for example of formulae IIa, IIb
or IIc
##STR00003##
wherein [0060] R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2
and Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 independently of one
another are [0061] C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more hydroxy; [0062] C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkenyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more hydroxy; [0063]
C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; [0064]
C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; [0065]
(C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; [0066]
bis[C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl]-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; [0067] a
bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20 carbon atoms
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
[0068] phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or more radicals
selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl)amino, hydroxy
and nitro; [0069] phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more radicals selected from
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy and hydroxy; [0070] phenylethenyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
[0071] biphenyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl) unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; [0072] naphthyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
[0073] naphthyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or substituted
by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; [0074] naphthoxymethyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
[0075] biphenylenyl, flourenyl, anthryl; [0076] a 5- to 6-membered
heterocyclic radical unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; [0077] a C.sub.1-C.sub.20hydrocarbon radical
containing one or more halogen; or [0078]
tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)silyl(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl); [0079] with
the proviso that at least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and
R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and
Z.sub.3 is branched C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more hydroxy; [0080] C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl
interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; [0081] C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
[0082] (C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl;
[0083] a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with 5 to 20
carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; [0084] phenyl unsubstituted or substituted
by one or more radicals selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylamino,
di(C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl)amino, hydroxy and nitro; [0085]
phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more radicals selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl,
C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl, phenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy and
hydroxy; [0086] biphenyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl) unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; [0087]
naphthyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or substituted by one
or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl; or [0088]
tri(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl)silyl(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl).
[0089] According to a preferred embodiment, [0090] at least one of
the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and
Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is branched
C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkyl, or [0091] C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl.
[0092] According to a particular preferred embodiment, [0093] at
least one of the radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1,
Y.sub.2 and Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is branched
C.sub.3-C.sub.10alkyl.
[0094] Examples of C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. branched
C.sub.3-C.sub.20alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
hydroxy, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 hydroxy, are ethyl, n-propyl,
1-methylethyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, tert-butyl,
pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl,
1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, tert-butylmethyl, hexyl,
1-methylpentyl, heptyl, isoheptyl, 1-ethylhexyl, 2-ethylpentyl,
1-propylbutyl, octyl, nonyl, isononyl, neononyl,
2,4,4-trimethylpentyl, undecyl, tridecyl, pentadecyl, heptadecyl,
hydroxymethyl and 1-hydroxyethyl. Branched C.sub.3-C.sub.10alkyl is
particularly preferred. One of the preferred meanings of the
radicals R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, or Y.sub.1, Y.sub.2 and
Y.sub.3, or Z.sub.1, Z.sub.2 and Z.sub.3 is branched
C.sub.3-C.sub.10alkyl with a quaternary C atom in position 1, in
particular --C(CH.sub.3).sub.2--H or
--C(CH.sub.3).sub.2--(C.sub.1-C.sub.7alkyl).
[0095] Examples of C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkenyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more hydroxy, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 hydroxy, are
9-decenyl, 8-heptadecenyl and 1 1-hydroxy-8-heptadecenyl.
[0096] Examples of C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl interrupted by oxygen are
t-butoxymethyl, t-butoxyethyl, t-butoxypropyl and
t-butoxybutyl.
[0097] Examples of C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkyl interrupted by sulfur are
(H.sub.3C).sub.3C--S--CH.sub.2--,
(H.sub.3C).sub.3C--S--C.sub.2H.sub.4--,
(H.sub.3C).sub.3C--S--C.sub.3H.sub.6-- and
(H.sub.3C).sub.3C--S--C.sub.4H.sub.8--.
[0098] Examples of C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2, 3 or 4
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, are cyclopropyl, 3-methylcyclopropyl,
2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl,
cyclohexyl, 1-methylcyclohexyl, 2-methylcyclohexyl,
3-methylcyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl and
cycloheptyl.
[0099] Examples of
(C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl)-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, are cyclopentylmethyl, 2-cyclopentylethyl,
cyclohexylmethyl, 2-cycohexylethyl, 3-cyclohexylpropyl,
4-cyclohexylbutyl and (4-methylcyclohexyl)methyl.
[0100] An example of
bis[C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl]-C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, is dicyclohexylmethyl.
[0101] Examples of a bicyclic or tricyclic hydrocarbon radical with
5 to 20 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted by one or more
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, are
##STR00004##
[0102] Examples of phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more radicals, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 radicals, selected from
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl)amino, hydroxy
and nitro, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, hydroxy
and nitro, are phenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl,
4-methylphenyl, 4-ethylphenyl, 4-propylphenyl, 4-isopropylphenyl,
4-tert-butylphenyl, 4-isopropoxyphenyl, 2,3-dimethoxyphenyl,
2-nitrophenyl, 3-methyl-6-nitrophenyl, 4-dimethylaminophenyl,
2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl,
3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-di-tert-butylphenyl,
2,4,6-trimethylphenyl and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl.
[0103] Examples of phenyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more radicals, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 radicals,
selected from C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12cycloalkyl,
phenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkoxy and hydroxy, preferably
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.6cycloalkyl, phenyl,
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy and hydroxy, are benzyl,
.alpha.-cyclohexylbenzyl, diphenylmethyl, 1-phenylethyl,
.alpha.-hydroxybenzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-phenylpropyl,
3-phenylpropyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl and
2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)ethyl.
[0104] An example of phenylethenyl unsubstituted or substituted by
one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, is 2-(4-methylphenyl)ethenyl.
[0105] An example of biphenyl-(C.sub.1-C.sub.10alkyl) unsubstituted
or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, is 4-biphenylmethyl.
[0106] Examples of naphthyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or
more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl,
are 1-naphthyl and 2-naphthyl.
[0107] Examples of naphthyl-C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl unsubstituted or
substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, are 1-naphthylmethyl and
2-naphthylmethyl.
[0108] An example of naphthoxymethyl unsubstituted or substituted
by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, e.g. 1, 2 or 3
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, is 1-naphthoxymethyl.
[0109] An examples of biphenylenyl, flourenyl or anthryl is
2-biphenylenyl, 9-flourenyl, 1-flourenyl or 9-anthryl,
respectively.
[0110] Examples of a 5- to 6-membered heterocyclic radical
unsubstituted or substituted by one or more C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl,
e.g. 1, 2 or 3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, are 3-pyridinyl, 4-pyridinyl,
2-hydroxypyridin-3-yl, 3-quinolinyl, 4-quinolinyl, 2-furyl, 3-furyl
and 1-methyl-2-pyrryl.
[0111] Examples of a C.sub.1-C.sub.20hydrocarbon radical containing
one or more halogen, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 --F, --Cl or -J, are
1-bromo-2-methylpropyl, dichloromethyl, pentafluoroethyl,
3,5-bis[trifluoromethyl]phenyl, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-p-tolyl,
2,3-dichlorophenyl, 3,4-dichlorophenyl and
2,4-bis[trifluoromethyl]phenyl.
[0112] Examples of compounds of formula (IIa) are: [0113]
1,3,5-tris[cyclohexylcarbonylamino]benzene, [0114]
1,3,5-tris[2,2-dimethylpropionylamino]benzene, [0115]
1,3,5-tris[4-methylbenzoylamino]benzene, [0116]
1,3,5-tris[3,4-dimethylbenzoylamino]benzene, [0117]
1,3,5-tris[3,5-dimethylbenzoylamino]benzene, [0118]
1,3,5-tris[cyclopentanecarbonylamino]benzene, [0119]
1,3,5-tris[1-adamantanecarbonylamino]benzene, [0120]
1,3,5-tris[2-methylpropionylamino]benzene, [0121]
1,3,5-tris[3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino]benzene, [0122]
1,3,5-tris[2-ethylbutyrylamino]benzene, [0123]
1,3,5-tris[2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino]benzene, [0124]
1,3,5-tris[2-cyclohexyl-acetylamino]benzene, [0125]
1,3,5-tris[3-cyclohexyl-propionylamino]benzene, [0126]
1,3,5-tris[4-cyclohexyl-butyrylamino]benzene, [0127]
1,3,5-tris[5-cyclohexyl-valeroylamino]benzene, [0128]
1-isobutyrylamino-3,5-bis[pivaloylamino]benzene, [0129]
2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino-3,5-bisipivaloylamino]benzene, [0130]
3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino-3,5-bis[pivaloylamino]benzene, [0131]
1,3-bis[isobutyrylamino]-5-pivaloylaminobenzene, [0132]
1,3-bis[isobutyrylamino]-5-(2,2-dimethyl-butyryl)aminobenzene,
[0133]
1,3-bis[isobutyrylamino]-5-(3,3-dimethyl-butyryl)aminobenzene,
[0134] 1,3-bis[2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-pivaloylaminobenzene,
[0135] 1,3-bis[2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-isobutyrylaminobenzene,
[0136]
1,3-bis[2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-(3,3-dimethylbutyryl)-aminobenzene,
[0137] 1,3-bis[3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-pivaloylamino-benzene,
[0138] 1,3-bis[3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino]-5-isobutyryl-aminobenzene,
[0139]
1,3-bis[3,3-dimethylbutyrylamino)-5-(2,2-dimethyl-butyrylamino)aminobenze-
ne, and [0140]
1,3,5-tris[3-(trimethylsilyl)propionylamino]benzene.
[0141] Further examples of compounds of formula (IIa) are: [0142]
1,3,5-tris[2,2-dimethylvaleroylamino]benzene, [0143]
1,3,5-tris[3,3-dimethylvaleroylamino]benzene, [0144] 1,3,
5-tris[2,4-dimethylvaleroylamino]benzene, [0145]
1,3,5-tris[4,4-dimethylvaleroylamino]benzene, [0146]
1,3,5-tris[4-methylvaleroylamino]benzene, [0147]
1,3,5-tris[2-methylbutyrylamino]benzene, [0148]
1,3,5-tris[2-methylvaleroylamino]benzene, [0149]
1,3,5-tris[3-methylvaleroylamino]benzene, [0150]
1,3,5-tris[2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-cyclopropanecarbonylamino]benzene,
[0151] 1,3,5-tris[cyclopentylacetylamino]benzene, [0152]
1,3,5-tris[3-cyclopentylpropionylamino]benzene, [0153]
1,3,5-tris[2-norbornyl-acetylamino]benzene, [0154]
1,3,5-tris[4-t-butylcyclohexane-1-carbonylamino]benzene, [0155]
1,3,5-tris[2-(t-butoxy)-acetylamino]benzene, [0156]
1,3,5-tris[3-(t-butoxy)-propionylamino]benzene, [0157]
1,3,5-tris[4-(t-butoxy)-butyrylamino]benzene, [0158]
1,3,5-tris[5-t-butoxy-valeroylamino]benzene, [0159]
1,3,5-tris[cyclopropanecarbonylamino]benzene, [0160]
1,3,5-tris[2-methylcyclopropane-1-carbonylamino]benzene, [0161]
1,3,5-tris[3-noradamantane-1-carbonylamino]benzene, [0162]
1,3,5-tris[biphenyl4-acetylamino]benzene, [0163]
1,3,5-tris[2-naphthyl-acetylamino]benzene, [0164]
1,3,5-tris[3-methylphenyl-acetylamino]benzene, [0165]
1,3,5-tris[(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-acetylamino]benzene, [0166]
1,3,5-tris[(3-trimethylsilyl-propionylamino]benzene, and [0167]
1,3,5-tris[(4-trimethylsilyl-butyrylamino]benzene.
[0168] Examples of compounds of formula (IIb) are: [0169]
N-t-butyl-3,5-bis-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-benzamide, [0170]
N-t-butyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, [0171]
N-t-octyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, [0172]
N-(1,1-dimethyl-propyl)-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, [0173]
N-(t-octyl)-3,5-bis-(isobutyrylamino)-benzamide, [0174]
N-(t-butyl)-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, [0175]
N-(2,3-dimethyl-cyclohexyl)-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide,
[0176] N-t-butyl-3,5-bis-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-benzamide,
[0177] N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-benzamide,
[0178] N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, [0179]
N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(4-methylpentanoylamino)-benzamide,
[0180]
N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-benzamide,
[0181]
N-(3-methylbutyl)-3,5-bis-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)-benzamide,
[0182] N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-benzamide,
[0183] N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, [0184]
N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(4-methylpentanoylamino)-benzamide, [0185]
N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, [0186]
N-cyclopentyl-3,5-bis-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, [0187]
N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-benzamide, [0188]
N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, [0189]
N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(4-methylpentanoylamino)-benzamide, [0190]
N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, [0191]
N-cyclohexyl-3,5-bis-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)-benzamide, [0192]
N-isopropyl-3,5-bis-(pivaloylamino)-benzamide, [0193]
N-isopropyl-3,5-bis-(isobutyrylamino)-benzamide, [0194]
N-t-butyl-3,5-bis-(2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino)-benzamide, and [0195]
N-t-octyl-3,5-bis-(2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino)-benzamide.
[0196] Examples of compounds of formula (IIc) are: [0197]
5-pivaloylamino-isophthalic acid N,N'-di-t-butyldiamide, [0198]
5-pivaloylamino-isophthalic acid N,N'-di-t-octyldiamide, [0199]
5-(2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino)-isophthalic acid
N,N'-di-t-butyldiamide, [0200]
5-(2,2-dimethylbutyrylamino)-isophthalic acid
N,N'-di-t-octyldiamide, [0201] 5-(3-methylbutyrylamino)-isophthalic
acid N,N'-di-cyclohexyldiamide, [0202]
5-(pivaloylamino)-isophthalic acid N,N'-di-cyclohexyldiamide,
[0203] 5-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-isophthalic acid
N,N'-di-cyclohexyldiamide, [0204]
5-(cyclohexylcarbonylamino)-isophthalic acid
N,N'-di-cyclohexyldiamide, [0205]
5-(cyclopentanecarbonylamino)-isophthalic acid
N,N'-bis-(2-methylcyclohexyl)diamide,
5-(cyclohexanecarbonylamino)-isophthalic acid
N,N'-bis-(2-methylcyclohexyl)diamide, [0206]
5-((1-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl)amino)-isophthalic acid
N,N'-bis-(2-methylcyclohexyl)diamide, and [0207]
5-((2-methylcyclohexanecarbonyl)amino)-isophthalic acid
N,N'-bis-(2-methylcyclohexyl)diamide.
[0208] The addition of the aromatic trisamides to the thermoplastic
polymer can be carried out in all customary mixing machines in
which the polymer is melted and mixed with the additives.
[0209] Suitable machines are known to those skilled in the art.
They are predominantly mixers, kneaders and extruders.
[0210] The process is preferably carried out in an extruder by
introducing the additives during processing.
[0211] Particularly preferred processing machines are single-screw
extruders, contrarotating and corotating twin-screw extruders,
planetary-gear extruders, ring extruders or cokneaders. It is also
possible to use processing machines provided with at least one gas
removal compartment to which a vacuum can be applied.
[0212] Suitable extruders and kneaders are described, for example,
in Handbuch der Kunststoffextrusion, Vol. 1 Grundlagen, Editors F.
Hensen, W Knappe, H. Potente, 1989, pp. 3-7, ISBN: 3-446-14339-4
(Vol. 2 Extrusionsanlagen 1986, ISBN 3-446-14329-7). For example,
the screw length is 1-60 screw diameters, preferably 35-48 screw
diameters. The rotational speed of the screw is preferably 10-600
rotations per minute (rpm), very particularly preferably 25-300
rpm.
[0213] The maximum throughput is dependent on the screw diameter,
the rotational speed and the driving force. The process of the
present invention can also be carried out at a level lower than
maximum throughput by varying the parameters mentioned or employing
weighing machines delivering dosage amounts.
[0214] If a plurality of components are added, these can be
premixed or added individually.
[0215] The polymers need to be subjected to an elevated temperature
for a sufficient period of time during incorporation of additives.
The temperature is generally above the softening point of the
polymers.
[0216] In a preferred embodiment of the processes of the present
invention, a temperature range lower than 280.degree. C.,
particularly from about 160.degree. C. to 280.degree. C. is
employed. In a particularly preferred process variant, the
temperature range from about 200.degree. C. to 270.degree. C. is
employed.
[0217] In the processes and compositions of the present invention
the above-described aromatic trisamide compounds are present in
concentrations, based on the amount of the polymer, of from about
0.001 to about 1.0% by weight. For instance, the trisamides are
present from about 0.005 to 0.5% by weight, from about 0.01 to
about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.01 to about 0.09% by weight,
based on the weight of the polymer. The aromatic trisamides can be
added as individual compounds or as mixtures to the polymer.
[0218] Incorporation of additives into the polymers can be carried
out, for example, by mixing the above-described aromatic trisamides
or mixtures thereof and, if desired, further additives into the
polymers using the methods customary in process technology.
[0219] The aromatic trisamides can also be added to the polymers in
the form of a masterbatch in which these compounds are present, for
example, in a concentration of from about 1 to 25% by weight. The
present invention therefore further provides a concentrate in which
the compounds of the invention are present in a concentration of
1-25% by weight and which can be added to the thermoplastic
polymer.
[0220] Another aspect of this invention is that instead of melt
blending, the present trisamides may be topically applied to the
electret material.
[0221] For example in the case where the electret material is
cotton the present trisamides may be topically applied.
[0222] Another aspect of this invention is the co-use of certain
other additives along with the present aromatic trisamides. These
certain other additives are incorporated in the same manner as the
trisamides.
[0223] When employed without certain co-additives, the
trisamides
##STR00005##
[0224] are excluded from the present invention.
[0225] For instance, the class of stabilizers of the hindered amine
light stabilizers (HALS) are advantageously also employed in the
present compositions and processes.
[0226] The present sterically hindered amine stabilizers contain at
least one moiety of formula
##STR00006##
where G.sub.1, G.sub.2, G.sub.3 and G.sub.4 are independently alkyl
of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 or G.sub.3 and
G.sub.4 together are pentamethylene and G.sub.5 is hydrogen or
alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
[0227] The hindered amines are disclosed for example in U.S. Pat.
Nos. 5,004,770, 5,204,473, 5,096,950, 5,300,544, 5,112,890,
5,124,378, 5,145,893, 5,216,156, 5,844,026, 5,980,783, 6,046,304,
6,117,995, 6,271,377, 6,297,299, 6,392,041, 6,376,584, 6,472,456,
and 7,030,196. The relevant disclosures of these patents are hereby
incorporated by reference.
[0228] U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,271,377, 6,392,041 and 6,376,584, cited
above disclose hindered hydroxyalkoxyamine stabilizers.
[0229] Suitable hindered amines include for example: [0230] 1)
1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylaminopiperidine,
[0231] 2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, [0232]
3) bis(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,
[0233] 4) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-yl) sebacate, [0234] 5)
bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate,
[0235] 6) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)
sebacate; [0236] 7) bis(1-acyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)
sebacate, [0237] 8) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)
n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate [0238] 9)
2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6--
(2-hydroxy-ethylamino-s-triazine, [0239] 10)
bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate,
[0240] 11)
2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-pipeddin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-
-triazine, [0241] 12)
1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
[0242] 13)
1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine,
[0243] 14)
1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpi-
peridine, [0244] 15)
bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)
sebacate, [0245] 16)
bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)
adipate, [0246] 17)
2,4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-y-
l]-N-butyl-amino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine, [0247] 18)
4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, [0248] 19)
di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl)
p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate, [0249] 20)
4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, [0250] 21)
bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)succinate, [0251] 22)
1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, [0252] 23)
2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane,
[0253] 24) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)nitrilotriacetate,
[0254] 25)
tris(2-hydroxy-3-(amino-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)
nitrilotriacetate, [0255] 26)
tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate-
, [0256] 27)
tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxyla-
te, [0257] 28)
1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), [0258]
29)
3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione,
[0259] 30)
8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-d-
ione, [0260] 31)
3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione,
[0261] 32)
3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione,
[0262] 33)
N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenedia-
mine, [0263] 34) the reaction product of
2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-tr-
iazine with N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine), [0264] 35) the
condensate of
1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and
succinic acid, [0265] 36) linear or cyclic condensates of
N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and
4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, [0266] 37) linear or
cyclic condensates of
N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and
4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, [0267] 38) linear or
cyclic condensates of
N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and
4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, [0268] 39) linear or
cyclic condensates of
N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine
and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, [0269] 40) the
condensate of
2-chloro4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triazi-
ne and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, [0270] 41) the condensate
of
2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-tri-
azine and 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, [0271] 42) a reaction
product of
7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro
[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, [0272] 43)
poly[methyl,(3-oxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)]siloxane,
CAS#182635-99-0, [0273] 44) reaction product of maleic acid
anhydride-C.sub.18-C.sub.22-.alpha.-olefin-copolymer with
2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine, [0274] 45) the oligomeric
compound which is the condensation product of
4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and
2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine
end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, [0275]
46) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of
4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethylpiperidine) and
2,4-dichloro-6-[(1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-tria-
zine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine,
[0276] 47) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation
product of
4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)
and
2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-
-s-triazine end-capped with
2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, [0277] 48) the
oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of
4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine)
and
2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-
-s-triazine end-capped with
2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine and [0278] 49) product
obtained by reacting a product, obtained by reacting
1,2-bis(3-amino-propylamino)ethane with cyanuric chloride, with
(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamine.
[0279] Also included are the sterically hindered N--H, N-methyl,
N-methoxy, N-propoxy, N-octyloxy, N-cyclohexyloxy,
N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) and N-acyl analogues of any of the
above mentioned compounds. For example, replacing an N--H hindered
amine with an N-methyl hindered amine would be employing the
N-methyl analogue in place of the N--H.
[0280] The class of additives known as the
hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters are also
advantegously employed in the processes and compositions of this
invention. The hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters
are disclosed for example in U.S. published app. No. 2004/0106767,
the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. The
hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or monoesters are of the
formula
##STR00007##
wherein [0281] R.sub.6 is isopropyl, tert-butyl, cyclohexyl or
cyclohexyl which is substituted by 1-3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl groups,
[0282] R.sub.7 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, cyclohexyl or
cyclohexyl which is substituted by 1-3 C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl groups,
[0283] R.sub.8 is C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, unsubstituted or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl or naphthyl, [0284] R.sub.9
is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.20alkyl, unsubstituted or
C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl or naphthyl; or is
[0284] M.sup.r+/r; [0285] M.sup.r+ is an r-valent metal cation,
[0286] p is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, and [0287] r is 1, 2 or 3.
[0288] For example, the present hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic ester
or monoester is a compound of the formula P1 or P2
##STR00008##
[0289] The further additives of the hindered amine light
stabilizers and the hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic esters or
monoesters are employed at levels, based on the weight of the
polymer, of from about 0.001 to 5.0% by weight, in particular from
0.01 to 2.0% by weight and particularly preferably from 0.02 to
1.0% by weight.
[0290] The following Examples further illustrate the invention. All
percentages are in weight percent unless otherwise indicated.
EXAMPLE 1
[0291] Polypropylene with MFI index of 1,100 is tumble mixed to
contain 5.0% total weight of a sterically hindered amine (HALS),
2.0% total weight of a sterically hindered
hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic monoester (HPPME), 0.25% total weight
aromatic trisamide (TA1)-(TA14).
[0292] These mixes are individually compounded using a Leistritz 27
mm twin screw extruder. The melt is cooled in a water trough and
the strand is converted into pellets via a Conair-Jetro Model 304
pelletizer. The pellets collected are considered the
masterbatches.
[0293] The same polypropylene is tumble mixed with the appropriate
amounts of masterbatch for each of the evaluations. The tumble
mixing is via a Marion Mixer SPS 1224 which is a paddle type slow
RPM mixer. These are considered the final mixes.
[0294] Final mixes at 45 Kg each are converted into melt blown non
woven textiles using a 500 mm Reifenhatuser Meltblowing Pilot Line.
Also a 1,500 g portion of each final mix is processed on a 6-inch
Meltblowing Pilot Line.
[0295] The polypropylene webs are then treated by corona discharge.
The samples are tested using TSI Filter Tester (Model 8130) which
employs challenges of sodium chloride aerosol at 32 liters per
minute using a test area of 100 cm.sup.2.
[0296] Results are in the tables below.
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration
Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged &
Efficiency Formulation (g/m.sup.2) charging charging aged
(70.degree. C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 30.6 23.2 88.0 72.4
17.7 (control) 0.5% HALS 30.5 16.8 91.5 82.1 10.2 0.5% HPPME 30.6
18.7 93.3 90.6 2.9 0.05% TA1 30.4 18.0 93.4 93.3 0.1 0.02% TA2 30.5
18.3 92.2 91.3 0.9
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration
Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged &
Efficiency Formulation (g/m.sup.2) charging charging aged
(70.degree. C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 58.3 34.6 96.9 90.6
6.4 (control) 0.5% HALS 60.4 32.8 99.0 97.0 2.0 0.5% HPPME 59.2
31.4 98.9 97.7 1.2 0.05% TA1 58.0 31.9 99.0 98.5 0.5 0.02% TA2 60.9
44.5 98.4 97.4 1.0
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 500 mm Reifenhauser Meltblowing Pilot Line
Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After
Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m.sup.2) charging charging
aged (70.degree. C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 30.6 17.0 81.4
65.6 19.4 (control) 0.5% HALS 30.5 15.8 90.0 85.4 5.1 0.5% HPPME
30.6 16.8 90.4 86.8 4.0 0.05% TA1 30.4 16.2 92.1 90.8 1.4 0.02% TA2
30.5 13.8 90.4 88.0 2.8
TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 500 mm Reifenhauser Meltblowing Pilot Line
Filtration Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After
Charged & Efficiency Formulation (g/m.sup.2) charging charging
aged (70.degree. C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 58.3 28.0 94.7
78.4 17.2 (control) 0.5% HALS 60.4 29.4 96.6 90.2 6.6 0.5% HPPME
59.2 27.4 94.8 92.6 2.2 0.05% TA1 58.0 28.4 95.8 94.8 1.0 0.02% TA2
60.9 26.6 93.4 91.8 1.7
TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 PP 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration
Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged &
Efficiency Formulation (g/m.sup.2) charging charging aged
(70.degree. C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 30.9 22.2 85.6 67.7
20.9 (control) 0.5% HALS 30.5 24.4 91.2 78.9 13.5 0.025% TA3 29.4
32.7 92.8 80.7 13.1 0.025% TA4 27.8 22.8 92.7 86.0 7.2 0.025% TA5
27.5 24.0 90.5 79.5 12.2 0.025% TA6 29.3 31.2 93.3 81.4 12.7
TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 PP 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration
Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged &
Efficiency Formulation (g/m.sup.2) charging charging aged
(70.degree. C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 30.1 17.0 86.7 60.9
29.8 (control) 0.5% HALS 29.1 15.2 88.7 68.3 23.0 0.0125% TA7 29.5
11.6 80.5 63.4 21.3 0.0125% TA4 29.0 11.7 81.2 68.0 16.3
TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration
Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged &
Efficiency Formulation (g/m.sup.2) charging charging aged
(70.degree. C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 29.6 20.5 76.1 54.9
27.9 (control) 0.5% HALS 29.2 17.9 84.0 66.6 20.7 0.02% TA8 27.2
21.6 90.9 84.7 6.9 0.02% TA9 28.6 22.8 91.2 83.0 9.0 0.02% TA10
28.2 23.1 88.4 70.6 20.1 0.02% TA11 29.3 20.7 88.9 74.5 16.2 0.02%
TA12 29.1 21.5 89.8 78.7 12.4 0.02% TA13 27.7 21.9 89.9 77.0
14.4
TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 6-inch Meltblowing Pilot Line Filtration
Efficiency (%) Filtration Basis Weight Before After Charged &
Efficiency Formulation (g/m.sup.2) charging charging aged
(70.degree. C./24 hrs) Loss (%) Polypropylene 29.6 20.5 76.1 54.9
27.9 (control) 0.5% HALS 29.2 17.9 84.0 66.6 20.7 0.5% HPPME 30.6
21.4 88.7 74.6 15.9 0.02% TA8 27.2 19.9 87.2 83.4 4.4 0.02% TA10
27.5 16.1 82.4 77.3 6.2
[0297] It can be seen that the present aromatic trisamides provide
polypropylene with excellent thermal and charge stability. The
trisamides are present at very low levels. [0298] sterically
hindered hydroxyphenylalkylphosphonic monoester (HPPME)
[0298] ##STR00009## [0299] sterically hindered amine (HALS)
[0299] ##STR00010## [0300] aromatic trisamide (TA1)
[0300] ##STR00011## [0301] aromatic trisamide (TA2)
[0301] ##STR00012## [0302] aromatic trisamide (TA3)
[0302] ##STR00013## [0303] aromatic trisamide (TA4)
[0303] ##STR00014## [0304] aromatic trisamide (TA5)
[0304] ##STR00015## [0305] aromatic trisamide (TA6)
[0305] ##STR00016## [0306] aromatic trisamide (TA7)
[0306] ##STR00017## [0307] aromatic trisamide (TA8)
[0307] ##STR00018## [0308] aromatic trisamide (TA9)
[0308] ##STR00019## [0309] aromatic trisamide (TA10)
[0309] ##STR00020## [0310] aromatic trisamide (TA11)
[0310] ##STR00021## [0311] aromatic trisamide (TA12)
[0311] ##STR00022## [0312] aromatic trisamide (TA13)
[0312] ##STR00023## [0313] aromatic trisamide (TA14)
##STR00024##
* * * * *