U.S. patent application number 11/665763 was filed with the patent office on 2008-10-09 for devices for high voltage ignition of combustible gas.
Invention is credited to Terry Clark, Dustin J. Hultine, John McDermit, Jeffrey S. Roy.
Application Number | 20080248435 11/665763 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36203657 |
Filed Date | 2008-10-09 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080248435 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Clark; Terry ; et
al. |
October 9, 2008 |
Devices For High Voltage Ignition of Combustible Gas
Abstract
High voltage gas igniters are described, including a hand held
portable gas torch igniter of the piezoelectric-type which includes
a finger grip housing body actuated by inward depression of the
push button igniter to generate a spark-producing voltage when held
near the combustible gas exiting the bum tube of a torch or
combustible gas exit of a heating device. The igniter has a tube
electrode for easy construction, and deflector shield for user
protection and gas mixing. Other igniters have multiple spark gaps
for increased effective spark length.
Inventors: |
Clark; Terry; (West Linn,
OR) ; McDermit; John; (Destin, FL) ; Hultine;
Dustin J.; (Portland, OR) ; Roy; Jeffrey S.;
(Greenfield, MA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Ralph A. Dowell of DOWELL & DOWELL P.C.
2111 Eisenhower Ave, Suite 406
Alexandria
VA
22314
US
|
Family ID: |
36203657 |
Appl. No.: |
11/665763 |
Filed: |
October 19, 2005 |
PCT Filed: |
October 19, 2005 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/US05/37386 |
371 Date: |
February 12, 2008 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60619968 |
Oct 19, 2004 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
431/264 ;
431/258 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F23Q 3/002 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
431/264 ;
431/258 |
International
Class: |
F23Q 3/00 20060101
F23Q003/00 |
Claims
1. A combustible gas igniter comprising: a.) a piezoelectric spark
generator; b.) a first electrode, c.) a generally tubular second
electrode, having opposing first and second ends and a longitudinal
axis, wherein the first electrode is located on the longitudinal
axis of the tubular second electrode, the second electrode
extending beyond the first electrode, along the axis in the
direction of the first end and in the direction of the second end,
and the first end is open to the first electrode, d.) a combustion
zone between the first electrode and the second electrode, and e.)
a deflecting shield to direct combustion gases away from a user of
the igniter.
2. The igniter of claim 1 wherein the spark generator is located
partially within the second end and encloses the second end.
3. The igniter of claim 1 further comprising a one-handed finger
grip and pushbutton to hold the second electrode and to activate
the spark generator.
4. (canceled)
5. The igniter of claim 1 wherein the deflecting shield is at the
first end of the second electrode to allow proper mixing of gas and
air in the combustion zone.
6. The igniter of claim 5 wherein the defecting shield extends
asymmetrically from the first end of the tubular electrode parallel
with the longitudinal axis to allow access to the combustion zone
by a stream of incoming gas and to allow exit of combustion gases
away from the user.
7. The igniter of claim 1 wherein the first end of the second
electrode opens at an angle to the axis to provide a deflecting
shield for directing combustion gases away from a user
8. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter comprising
finger-grip and conducting metal tube electrode as outer housing
body, said outer housing body containing inner housing case of
impact type piezoelectric spark generator, said impact type
piezoelectric spark generator having push button plunger depressed
in direction of longitudinal axis of impact type piezoelectric
spark generator inner housing case and outer housing body and
movable relative to its piezoelectric generator inner housing case
and outer housing body, said impact type piezoelectric spark
generator push button depression to generate a spark-producing
voltage force with resulting spark occurring at spark gap between
terminal electrode of impact type piezoelectric generator and
conducting metal tube electrode near open end of conducting metal
tube electrode housing body, said spark between terminal impact
type piezoelectric electrode and conducting metal tube housing body
near open end of conducting metal tube housing body causing
ignition of combustible gas within spark gap near open end of
conducting metal tube electrode housing body, said ignition taking
place when open end of conducting metal tube electrode housing body
of igniter is actuated upon or near exit end of burn tube following
opening of burn tube control valve, said ignition of combustible
gas at spark gap with resulting flame transferred to the exit end
of the burn tube having open control valve of the hand held torch,
wherein said impact type piezoelectric spark igniter having a
geometric portion of the electrical conducting tubular metal
material, along the open end of the longitudinal axis of said
tubular metal, is removed so that combustible gas escaping nozzle
of torch will deflect off of that portion of tubular metal not
removed along this same longitudinal axis of tubular metal in such
a manner as to allow a 90 degree ignition of said combustible
gas.
9.-11. (canceled)
12. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter as defined in
claim 8, wherein the terminal impact type piezoelectric electrode
is connected to or protected by a heat resistant ceramic shield or
material such as a coating of sand or other heat resistant or
thermal insulating substance or combination thereof, in such a
manner as to protect exposed plastic of the impact type
piezoelectric spark generator inner housing case near the terminal
impact type piezoelectric electrode from the effects of the ignited
flame and heat or conducting wire that may lead to ceramic shield
or combination thereof, said conducting wire being connected to
terminal impact type piezoelectric electrode allowing outer
conducting metal tube electrode housing body to be extended.
13. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter as defined in
claim 8, wherein said impact type piezoelectric spark generator
having push button plunger depressed in direction of longitudinal
axis of impact type piezoelectric spark generator inner housing
case and housing body and movable relative to its inner housing
case and housing body exerts a force within piezoelectric spark
generator on first electrical contact that is transferred directly
to the piezoelectric pulse generating crystal.
14.-18. (canceled)
19. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter as defined in
claim 8, wherein said impact type piezoelectric spark generated
ignition efficacy is enhanced by multiple spark gaps.
20. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter as defined in
claim 8, wherein said impact type piezoelectric spark generated
efficacy is enhanced by increasing the spark gap length.
21. A method and process as described in claim 51, wherein said
spark may ignite a heating device, such as a combustible gas water
heater, stove, or furnace.
22. (canceled)
23. The method and process of claim 51, wherein said impact type
piezoelectric spark igniter having a geometric portion of the
electrical conducting tubular metal along the open end of the
longitudinal axis of said tubular metal is removed so that
combustible gas escaping nozzle of torch will deflect off of that
portion of tubular metal not removed along this same longitudinal
axis of tubular metal in such a manner as to allow a 90 degree
ignition of said combustible gas.
24.-37. (canceled)
38. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter as defined in
claim 8, wherein the second electrical contact is separated from a
heat resistant ceramic shield by a concussion absorbing
adhesive.
39.-40. (canceled)
41. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter as defined in
claim 1, wherein said impact type piezoelectric spark generated
ignition efficacy is enhanced by multiple spark gaps.
42. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter as defined in
claim 1, wherein said impact type piezoelectric spark generated
efficacy is enhanced by increasing the spark gap length.
43. A portable combustible gas handheld torch igniter as defined in
claim 1, wherein said impact type piezoelectric spark igniter
having a geometric portion of the electrical conducting tubular
metal material, along the open end of the longitudinal axis of said
tubular metal, is removed to provide the deflecting shield so that
combustible gas escaping nozzle of torch will deflect off of that
portion of tubular metal not removed along this same longitudinal
axis of tubular metal in such a manner as to allow a 90 degree
ignition of said combustible gas.
44.-47. (canceled)
48. The igniter of claim 1 further comprising an inlet port for
incoming gas, wherein the inlet port is in the second electrode
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the second electrode such
that an opposing portion of the second electrode provides the
deflecting shield.
49. The igniter of claim 48 wherein the deflecting shield allows
access to the combustion zone by a stream of incoming gas and
allows exit of combustion gases away from the user.
50. The igniter of claim 49 wherein the deflecting shield allows
proper mixing of gas and air in the combustion zone.
51. A method and process for igniting a combustible gas, the method
and process comprising: igniting the combustible gas using a
handheld piezoelectric spark igniter while deflecting the gas off
of a deflecting shield to direct combustion gases away from a user
of the igniter.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from and is entitled to the
benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Patent Application
Ser. No. 60/619,968 filed 19 Oct. 2004 under the title Multiple
Devices For Piezoelectric Ignition Of Combustible Gas by one or
more of the inventors named in this application.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] The invention relates to high voltage gas ignition
devices.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] Piezoelectric high voltage ignition devices of both impact
type and gradual squeeze type are known in the prior art.
Piezoelectric ignition devices use a specific location of spark
generation to generate combustible gas ignition when compared to
flint striker sparks which are haphazardly produced during the
striking process. The impact type ignition devices have a
considerable cost advantage over squeeze devices as less bulky
arrangements are required in order to provide the necessary force,
and dimensional tolerances are much less severe.
[0004] As noted by Miller in U.S. Pat. No. 4,348,172 "piezoelectric
spark-producing devices for use in igniting combustible fuels such
as propane gas and similar fuels which can be stored in portable
containers have been known for a number of years. Such devices
typically have a hammer which is moved into force impact with an
anvil structure of a piezoelectric crystal assembly forming part of
an electrical circuit having a spark gap. When the crystal is
deformed by the hammer blow, a voltage is generated in the circuit
of sufficient magnitude to create a spark in the gap area of the
circuit. Typical of such piezoelectric spark-producing devices are
those shown in prior U.S. Pat. No. 3,509,388 dated Apr. 28, 1970
and U.S. Pat. No. 4,139,792 dated Feb. 13, 1979, both assigned to
Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. In those devices, the
hammer is actuated by moving a slidable finger-piece or plunger
slidably supported in telescoping relation projecting into the
outer housing, which during an initial portion of its inward stroke
arms a spring while restraining the hammer against movement towards
the crystal, and then suddenly releases the hammer to be driven by
the spring into spark generating impact with the crystal stack.
Other mechanical arrangements have also been devised in prior art
piezoelectric-type spark-producing devices for driving the hammer
into spark generating impact with the crystal structure."
[0005] Improvements to and alternate designs for high voltage
igniters are desirable.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0006] In a first aspect the invention provides a combustible gas
igniter including a piezoelectric spark generator, a first
electrode, and a generally tubular second electrode. The tubular
second electrode has opposing first and second ends and a
longitudinal axis. The first electrode is located on the
longitudinal axis of the tubular second electrode. The second
electrode extends beyond the first electrode along the axis in the
direction of the first end and in the direction of the second end.
The first end is open to the first electrode. The igniter also has
a combustion zone between the first electrode and the second
electrode.
[0007] The spark generator may be located partially within the
second end and may enclose the second end. The igniter may also
include a one-handed finger grip and pushbutton to hold the second
electrode and to activate the spark generator. The igniter may also
include a deflecting shield to direct combustion gases away from
the user of the igniter. The igniter may also include a deflecting
shield to allow proper mixing of gas and air in the combustion
zone. The deflecting shield may extend asymmetrically from the
first end of the tubular electrode parallel with the longitudinal
axis to allow access to the combustion zone by a stream of incoming
gas and to allow exit of combustion gases away from the user. The
first end of the second electrode may open at an angle to the axis
to provide a deflecting shield for directing combustion gases away
from the user.
[0008] In a second aspect the invention provides a portable
combustible gas handheld torch igniter comprising finger-grip and
conducting metal tube electrode as outer housing body. The outer
housing body contains an inner housing case of impact type
piezoelectric spark generator. The impact type piezoelectric spark
generator has a push button plunger for depression in the direction
of longitudinal axis of impact type piezoelectric spark generator
inner housing case and outer housing body. The impact type
piezoelectric spark generator push button depression to generate a
spark-producing voltage force with resulting spark occurring at a
spark gap between terminal electrode of impact type piezoelectric
generator and conducting metal tube electrode near open end of
conducting metal tube electrode housing body. The spark between
terminal impact type piezoelectric electrode and conducting metal
tube housing body near open end of conducting metal tube housing
body causing ignition of combustible gas within the spark gap near
open end of conducting metal tube electrode housing body. The
ignition taking place when open end of conducting metal tube
electrode housing body of igniter is actuated upon or near exit end
of burn tube following opening of burn tube control valve. The
ignition of combustible gas at spark gap with resulting flame
transferred to the exit end of the burn tube having open control
valve of the hand held torch.
[0009] In a third aspect the invention provides a method and
process wherein a piezoelectric generated pulse and current will
cause ignition of a combustible gas or mixture of combustible gases
with greater frequency and efficiency. The electrical pulse and
current traversing a series of multiple spark gaps. The spark gaps
containing a combustible gas resulting in ignition of the
combustible gas.
[0010] In a fourth aspect the invention provides a method and
process including causing ignition of a combustible gas or mixture
of gases with greater frequency and efficiency by increasing the
length of the spark gap within a combustible gas. The increased
spark gap length significantly increasing the surface exposure area
of said combustible gas, thereby increasing the frequency of
ignition.
[0011] For example, the piezoelectric spark generator
effectiveness, when igniting a combustible gas, is enhanced by
having the flow of piezoelectrical current passing through multiple
spark gaps. The piezoelectric current and sparks produced are from
a voltage capable of arcing the gaps of a series of interrupted
conducting material or materials to the opposite pole of the
piezoelectric generator. The multiple sparks are produced by a
voltage capable of arcing between all interrupted conducting
material or materials having gaps on the surface of a dielectric
material. The multiple spark gaps allow multiple locations for
interacting with and causing combustion of a combustible gas on or
near the surface of a combustion chamber.
[0012] Also for example, the effective spark gap length of the
piezoelectric produced current may be increased by using a
conductive thin film electrode where the resistance of the thin
film electrode allows only partial conductivity of a conducting
path. The remainder of electric current arcs on or near the thin
film conducting electrode path. The path allows either controlled
or uncontrolled direction of a conducting current and arcing on or
near the conducting film electrode path. The thin film conducting
electrode path is in contact with a dielectric material. The thin
film conducting path corona or arc interacts with a combustible gas
on or near the surface of a combustion chamber.
[0013] In a fifth aspect the invention provides a combination of
clusters of multiple spark gaps and thin film conducting electrode
paths placed upon a dielectric material, as described in the
methods and processes above to jointly allow a functionally acting
ignition method and process for a combustible gas on or near the
surface of a combustion chamber.
[0014] The finger-grip assembly and conducting metal tube electrode
may be electrically insulated with non conductive coatings or
materials that are non conductive. The finger-grip assembly may be
made of non-conductive materials such as plastic, rubber, nylon, or
other non-electrically conductive materials.
[0015] The terminal impact type piezoelectric electrode may be
connected to or protected by a heat resistant ceramic shield or
material such as a coating of sand or other heat resistant or
thermal insulating substance or combination thereof, in such a
manner as to protect exposed plastic of the impact type
piezoelectric spark generator inner housing case near the terminal
impact type piezoelectric electrode from the effects of the ignited
flame and heat or conducting wire that may lead to the ceramic
shield or combination thereof. The conducting wire may be connected
to terminal impact type piezoelectric electrode allowing outer
conducting metal tube electrode housing body to be extended.
[0016] The impact type piezoelectric spark generator having push
button plunger for depression in direction of longitudinal axis of
impact type piezoelectric spark generator inner housing case and
housing body and movable relative to its inner housing case and
housing body may exert a force within piezoelectric spark generator
on a first electrical contact that is transferred directly to a
piezoelectric pulse generating crystal.
[0017] The piezoelectrical spark generator may include a hammer for
striking the first electrical contact with a force required to
generate said electrical pulse and spark. The piezoelectrical spark
generator may include a return spring for returning the hammer to
an initial position away from the first electrical contact. The
hammer may include a first extended portion configured to be
received within the return spring.
[0018] The piezoelectrical spark generator may include an energy
storage spring for storing potential energy which is released to
propel the hammer toward the first electrical contact. The hammer
may include a second extended portion configured to be received
within the energy storage spring.
[0019] The impact type piezoelectric spark generator may include a
crystal receptacle carried within the inner housing case for
securement of the crystal and the first and second electrical
contacts.
[0020] The crystal receptacle may define a shoulder on which a
collar defined by the hammer rests prior to activation of the
igniter.
[0021] The impact type piezoelectric spark generator hammer collar
may define a distal surface sloped away from the second extended
portion in order to assist in disengaging the hammer from the
shoulder.
[0022] The impact type piezoelectric spark generated ignition
efficacy may be enhanced by multiple spark gaps. The impact type
piezoelectric spark generated efficacy may be enhanced by
increasing the spark gap length.
[0023] The igniter may ignite a heating device, such as a
combustible gas water heater, stove, or furnace.
[0024] The impact type piezoelectric spark igniter may include a
geometric portion of the electrical conducting tubular metal
material, along the open end of the longitudinal axis of said
tubular metal, that is removed so that combustible gas escaping a
nozzle of a torch will deflect off of that portion of tubular metal
not removed along this same longitudinal axis of tubular metal in
such a manner as to allow a 90 degree ignition of the combustible
gas.
[0025] The combustible gas may be propane. The combustible gas may
be acetylene. The combustible gas may be methylacetylene-propadiene
or MAPP gas. The combustible gas may be a combination of gases. The
combustible gas may be a volatile hydrocarbon gas, such as methane.
The combustible gas may be a volatile nitrogen-based gas, such as
ammonia.
[0026] The combustible gas may be a volatile hydrocarbon mist, such
as atomized gasoline or diesel fuel, and nitrogen-based gas, such
as ammonia. The combustible gas may have low flammability
properties.
[0027] The second electrical contact may be separated from a heat
resistant ceramic shield by a concussion absorbing adhesive.
[0028] In a sixth aspect the invention provides a gas igniter for
use with a gas burner having a tubular gas orifice from which gas
flows. The igniter includes an annular ring dimensioned to surround
the tubular gas orifice such that gas flowing from the orifice is
directed over the ring. The ring includes multiple spark gaps
projecting from a top surface of the ring. The igniter also
includes connectors for connection to a source of high voltage such
that the multiple spark gaps are above the top surface of the ring
over which the gas flows.
[0029] In a seventh aspect the invention also provides a gas
igniter for use with a gas burner from which gas flows. The igniter
includes a block having multiple spark gaps projecting from an
exterior surface of the block. The igniter also includes a block
mount for mounting the block near the gas burner such that gas
flowing from the burner is directed over the block. The igniter
further includes connectors for connection to a source of high
voltage such that the multiple spark gaps are adjacent the exterior
surface of the block over which the gas flows.
[0030] Other aspects of the invention will be evident from the
description and drawings provided herein.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] For a better understanding of the present invention and to
show more were clearly how it may be carried into effect, reference
will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings,
which show the preferred embodiments of the present invention and
in which:
[0032] FIG. 1 is an exploded side view of a preferred embodiment of
an igniter in accordance with the present invention.
[0033] FIG. 2 is a side view of the igniter of FIG. 1 with a tube
electrode in cross section.
[0034] FIG. 3 is an end view of the igniter of FIG. 1 without a
ceramic shield.
[0035] FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view of the igniter as shown in
FIG. 2 in use with a gas torch.
[0036] FIG. 5 is a side view of an alternative multiple spark gap
embodiment of an igniter in accordance with the present invention,
with a tube electrode in cross-section and using a dielectric
adhesive.
[0037] FIG. 6 is a top view of the igniter of FIG. 5 using sand in
place of the dielectric adhesive.
[0038] FIG. 7 is a bottom view of the igniter of FIG. 5 with the
tube electrode shown in cross-section.
[0039] FIG. 8 is the end view of the igniter of FIG. 5.
[0040] FIG. 9 is a side view of the igniter of FIG. 5 with the tube
electrode and a portion of a piezo electric spark generator in
cross-section, using a ceramic shield with intermittent wire in
place of the dielectric adhesive.
[0041] FIG. 10 is the end view of the igniter of FIG. 9.
[0042] FIG. 11 is a side view of the igniter of FIG. 1.
[0043] FIG. 12 is a partially exploded cross-section of the igniter
of FIG. 1.
[0044] FIG. 13 is a side view of an extended igniter in accordance
with an alternative embodiment of the present invention with a tube
electrode in cross-section.
[0045] FIG. 14 is a side cross-section illustration of a
multiple-spark gap shield for use in the igniter of FIG. 8.
[0046] FIG. 15 is a side cross-section illustration of an
alternative multiple-spark gap shield for use in the igniter of
FIG. 8.
[0047] FIG. 16 is a side cross-section illustration of an
alternative multiple-spark gap shield for use in the igniter of
FIG. 8.
[0048] FIG. 17 is a side cross-section of the igniter of FIG. 1
with a deflection shield and absorbing adhesive.
[0049] FIG. 18 is a diagrammatic illustration of ignition of gas
while using the igniter of FIG. 17 positioned at 90 degrees
relative to the end of a torch.
[0050] FIG. 19 is a side view of the igniter of FIG. 1 with an
insulating spacer.
[0051] FIG. 20 is a side cross-section of an igniter in accordance
with FIG. 17 and alternative absorbing adhesive configuration.
[0052] FIG. 21 is a side cross-section of a preferred embodiment of
an extended igniter in accordance with the present invention.
[0053] FIG. 22 is a top view of a preferred embodiment of a ring
igniter in accordance with the present invention used in
association with a gas burner with deflector plate removed.
[0054] FIG. 23 is a diagrammatic illustration of the ring igniter
and gas burner of FIG. 22 from a side looking through the ring
igniter as if it were transparent.
[0055] FIG. 24 is a side cross-section of a block igniter in
accordance with the present invention used in association with a
gas barbeque.
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0056] Referring to the FIGS., wherein like reference characters
designate corresponding parts throughout the FIGS., a portable
combustible gas igniter is indicated generally by the reference
character 1. The igniter 1 has a portable impact type piezoelectric
spark generator 6 and housing has a finger-grip 2, which is most
commonly an electrically non-conductive washer placed over the
inner housing case 3 of the piezoelectric spark generator 6. A
conducting metal tube electrode 4 placed over the same inner
housing case 3 of the piezoelectric spark generator 6 allows for a
potential difference between tube electrode 4 and generator
electrode 9. The generator electrode 9 is located on a longitudinal
axis of the tube electrode 4 to provide a spark gap 8 surrounding
the electrode 9 between the electrode 9 and electrode 4. The tube
electrode 4 has opposing first end 4c and second end 4d. The first
end 4c is an open end that is open to the electrode 9. The second
end 4d is enclosed by spark generator 6. Spark generator 6 is
located partially within the tube electrode 4 at the second end 4d.
This electrically conducting metal tube electrode 4 may be made
from any rigid or flexible conducting metal tube that fits over the
inner housing case 3 of the impact type piezoelectric spark
generator 6 or may be made with a plastic tubular material having a
thin coating or film consisting of electrically conducting
materials within the lining of said plastic tube, said tubular
material holding finger-grip 2 washer in place against inner
housing case 3 and inner housing case collar 41. Together, the
finger-grip 2 washer and conducting metal tube electrode 4 comprise
the outer housing body 5 of the device. Insulating paint, lacquer,
tape, plastic, or heat shrink tubing 23 is placed on the conducting
metal tube electrode 4 external surface to increase electrical
insulation for preventing inadvertent shocking to user. Depression
of push button 7 activates the internal mechanism of the impact
type piezoelectric spark generator 6 to produce an electrical pulse
and spark at the spark gap 8 located between the terminal
piezoelectric generator electrode 9 and corresponding conducting
metal tube electrode 4 near its open end.
[0057] The igniter 1 is an impact type piezoelectric high voltage
spark generator 6 and housing assembly that has a low number of
relatively low cost parts that allow simple assembly and smooth and
reliable operation.
[0058] The igniter 1 is portable, handheld and suitable for
portable hand torch ignition. The igniter 1 is operated
single-handedly. The igniter is activated by holding the device
with two fingers while a third finger is used for depression of a
button plunger to actuate the device within a combustion zone of a
hand held torch. Holding and depressing the button plunger of the
piezoelectric igniter 1 is similar to holding a syringe while
giving an injection.
[0059] When compared to flint striker ignition devices the igniter
1 provides additional safety. Ignition of hand held torches may be
required to take place in a confined space, such as a plumber may
find in crawl spaces of homes. In this situation flint strikers
used to produce hot sparks which ignite the hand held torch may be
required to be used near one's face and eyes. As the direction of
ejected flint fragments is unpredictable when striking a flint
striker one must wear safety goggles to protect one's eyes from
superheated fragments. The igniter 1 provides a known location of
spark to insure greater safety.
[0060] The igniter 1 also provides additional repetitions when
compared to flint strikers. It is commonly known in both art and
practice that the flint within flint strikers is not durable and
must be frequently replaced. The degree of hand and finger pressure
used in activating a flint striker is directly related to the
number of repetitions that might be expected before replacement of
flint striker or flint within a flint striker. The greater the hand
and finger pressure while striking the flint the greater the volume
of hot flint sparks that are produced. Due to wind, rain or wet
conditions this may be needed to produce ignition of combustible
gases but would also reduce the number of repetitions available
before the flint is depleted.
[0061] Generally, less than 1,000 strikes are available from a
common flint striker with any routine use. The igniter 1 may be
expected to provide up to 100,000 to 150,000 strikes.
[0062] On testing of a common model of flint striker, the
BernzOmatic Flint Spark Lighter, Model BZTX405C, sold by
BernzOmatic , a Newell Company, of Medina, N.Y., the number of
repetitions found to produce flint sparks with six replaceable
flints supplied by the same manufacturer resulted in repetitions of
295, 334, 338, 278, 355, and 281 respectively before depletion of
the flint within each replaceable flint casing.
[0063] Common impact type piezoelectric spark generator barbecue
igniters, such as those produced by Channel Products, Inc.,
Chesterland, Ohio, have been independently tested by placing the
impact type piezoelectric spark generator on a test jig. The jig
fired the generator at a rate of 25 times per minute with igniter
failure at 111,000 repetitions. Channel Products, Inc. literature
indicates 150,000 repetitions is not uncommon for their impact type
piezoelectric spark generators. Potentially lifelong use may be
achieved in practical conditions and use with the igniter 1.
[0064] The combustible gas may be propane. The combustible gas may
be acetylene. The combustible gas may be methylacetylene-propadiene
or MAPP gas. The combustible gas may be a combination of gases. The
combustible gas may be a volatile hydrocarbon gas, such as methane.
The combustible gas may be a volatile nitrogen-based gas, such as
ammonia.
[0065] The combustible gas may be a volatile hydrocarbon mist, such
as atomized gasoline or diesel fuel, and nitrogen-based gas, such
as ammonia. The combustible gas may have low flammability
properties.
[0066] Where low flammability gas is used then multiple spark gaps
or a lengthened spark gap as discussed later herein may provide
additional benefits.
[0067] Referring to FIGS. 5, 6, 7, and 8, an inlet port 4a for the
gas may be provided in the tube electrode 4 perpendicular to the
longitudinal axis of the electrode 4 to provide an alternate
location for combustion zone 22 as the tube electrode 4 meets the
inlet port 4a. Combustion gases can continue to exit away from the
user through open end 4b of tube electrode 4. The inlet port 4a
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of tube electrode 4
effectively provides a deflector shield similar to deflector shield
42 described later herein.
[0068] A coating of a dielectric adhesive 40 and sand 10 or use of
other heat resistant dielectric materials, such as a heat resistant
ceramic shield 11, may be used to protect the plastic inner housing
case 3 of the piezoelectric spark generator 6 or conducting wire or
wires 24 that lead to the terminal piezoelectric generator
electrode 9. Referring to FIGS. 9 and 10, the protected thermal and
electrically insulated wire or wires 24 connect to the ceramic
shield 11 thereby extending the length of the external housing body
conducting metal tube electrode 4 and in doing so effectively
extends the terminal piezoelectric generator electrode 9.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 12, the actuating mechanism within the
inner housing case 3 is comprised of a first electrical contact 12
with first electrical contact electrode 25 coming in contact with
outer housing body metal tube electrode 4, a second electrical
contact 13 ending with the terminal piezoelectric generator
electrode 9, piezoelectric crystal 14, hammer 15, return spring 16,
energy storage spring 17, crystal receptacle 18, and hammer collar
19. A control valve 20, which turns the hand held torch gas on and
off is noted.
[0070] Referring to FIG. 4, 5, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, the
location of the combustion zone 22 and placement of the device near
or upon the burn tube 21 having exiting combustible gases where
ignition takes place is shown. As mentioned, an adhesive coating 10
on the inner housing case 3 may fasten a heat resistant material,
such as sand, or a heat resistant ceramic shield 11.
[0071] Referring to FIGS. 14, 15, and 16, diagrammatic drawings of
different methods and processes that achieve multiple spark gaps 8
are shown. Having multiple spark gaps 8 effectively acts to
increase spark gap length throughout the combustion zone 22 by
offering a greater surface area of piezoelectric spark exposure to
multiple locations of different combustible gas and oxygen mixtures
within the combustion zone 22. In particular, FIG. 14 illustrates
the use of conductor metal filings 27 adhered to a dielectric
adhesive 40 surface with combustible gas 26 and air or oxygen
molecules 29 located within spark gap 8 micro-combustion zones 22.
FIG. 15 illustrates the use of an interrupted conducting wire 30
within a heat resistant dielectric material, such as a ceramic
shield 11, having multiple spark gaps (as previously shown in FIG.
9). FIG. 16 illustrates the use of a thin film conducting metal 28
applied by sputtering, spray, or other common thin film deposition
methods to a dielectric surface, such as a ceramic, glass, mica,
plastic or dielectric adhesive 40.
[0072] Multiple spark gaps can provides a method and process for
improved efficiency and frequency of combustible gas ignition. The
following definitions and comments may be helpful to understanding
the dynamics of multiple spark gaps.
[0073] Resistance, denoted R, is a measure of the extent to which a
substance opposes the movement of electrons among its atoms. The
more easily the atoms give up and/or accept electrons, the lower
the resistance, which is expressed in positive real number ohms.
Resistance is observed with alternating current (AC) and also with
direct current (DC). Examples of materials with low resistance,
known as electrical conductors, include copper, silver, and gold.
High-resistance substances are called insulators or dielectrics,
and include materials such as polyethylene, mica, and glass. A
material with intermediate levels of resistance is classified as a
semiconductor. Examples are silicon, germanium, and gallium
arsenide.
[0074] DC (Direct current) is the unidirectional flow or movement
of electric charge carriers, usually electrons. The intensity of
the current can vary with time, but the general direction of
movement stays the same at all times. As an adjective, the term DC
is used in reference to voltage whose polarity never reverses.
[0075] In a DC circuit, electrons emerge from the negative, or
minus, pole and move towards the positive, or plus, pole.
Nevertheless, physicists define DC as traveling from plus to
minus.
[0076] Ohm's Law is the mathematical relationship among electric
current, resistance, and voltage. The principle is named after the
German scientist Georg Simon Ohm.
[0077] In direct-current (DC) circuits, Ohm's Law is simple and
linear. With Ohm's Law a resistance having a value of R ohms
carries a current of I amperes. The voltage across the resistor is
then equal to the product IR. There are two corollaries. If a DC
power source providing B volts is placed across a resistance of R
ohms, then the current through the resistance is equal to E/R
amperes. Also, in a DC circuit, if E volts appear across a
component that carries I amperes, then the resistance of that
component is equal to E/I ohms.
[0078] Mathematically, Ohm's Law for DC circuits can be stated as
three equations:
E=IR
I=E/R
R=E/I
[0079] A capacitor is a passive electronic component that stores
energy in the form of an electrostatic field. In its simplest form,
a capacitor consists of two conducting plates separated by an
insulating material called the dielectric. The capacitance is
directly proportional to the surface areas of the plates, and is
inversely proportional to the separation between the plates.
Capacitance also depends on the dielectric constant of the
substance separating the plates.
[0080] A dielectric material is a substance that is a poor
conductor of electricity, but an efficient supporter of
electrostatic fields. If the flow of current between opposite
electric charge poles is kept to a minimum while the electrostatic
lines of flux are not impeded or interrupted, an electrostatic
field can store energy.
[0081] The properties of low capacitance and low resistance
conductors, as well as uniform dielectric materials are used in the
multiple spark gaps of the igniter 1 to increase spark gap length
and thereby enhance combustible gas ignition and frequency of said
ignition.
[0082] In practice, most dielectric materials are solid. Examples
include porcelain (ceramic), mica, glass, and plastics. Some
liquids and gases can serve as good dielectric materials. Dry air
is an excellent dielectric, and is used in variable capacitors and
some types of transmission lines. Distilled water is a fair
dielectric. A vacuum is an exceptionally efficient dielectric.
[0083] An important property of a dielectric is its ability to
support an electrostatic field while dissipating minimal energy in
the form of heat. The lower the dielectric loss (the proportion of
energy lost as heat), the more effective is a dielectric material.
Another consideration is the dielectric constant, the extent to
which a substance concentrates the electrostatic lines of flux.
Substances with a low dielectric constant include a perfect vacuum,
dry air, and most pure, dry gases such as helium and nitrogen.
Materials with moderate dielectric constants include ceramics,
distilled water, paper, mica, polyethylene, and glass. Metal
oxides, in general, have high dielectric constants.
[0084] The prime asset of high-dielectric-constant substances, such
as aluminium oxide, is the fact that they make possible the
manufacture of high-value capacitors with small physical volume.
But these materials are generally not able to withstand
electrostatic fields as intense as low-dielectric-constant
substances such as air. If the voltage across a dielectric material
becomes too great that is, if the electrostatic field becomes too
intense--the material will suddenly begin to conduct current. This
phenomenon is called dielectric breakdown. In components that use
gases or liquids as the dielectric medium, this condition reverses
itself if the voltage decreases below the critical point. But in
components containing solid dielectrics, dielectric breakdown
usually results in permanent damage.
[0085] Voltage, also called electromotive force, is a quantitative
expression of the potential difference in charge between two points
in an electrical field. The greater the voltage, the greater the
flow of electrical current (that is, the quantity of charge
carriers that pass a fixed point per unit of time) through a
conducting or semiconducting medium for a given resistance to the
flow. Voltage is symbolized by an uppercase italic letter V or E.
The standard unit is the volt, symbolized by a non-italic uppercase
letter V. One volt will drive one coulomb (6.24.times.1018) charge
carriers, such as electrons, through a resistance of one ohm in one
second.
[0086] Voltage can be direct or alternating. A direct voltage
maintains the same polarity at all times. In an alternating
voltage, the polarity reverses direction periodically. The number
of complete cycles per second is the frequency, which is measured
in hertz (one cycle per second), kilohertz, megahertz, gigahertz,
or terahertz. An example of direct voltage is the potential
difference between the terminals of an electrochemical cell.
Alternating voltage exists between the terminals of a common
utility outlet.
[0087] A voltage produces an electrostatic field, even if no charge
carriers move (that is, no current flows). As the voltage increases
between two points separated by a specific distance, the
electrostatic field becomes more intense. As the separation
increases between two points having a given voltage with respect to
each other, the electrostatic flux density diminishes in the region
between them.
[0088] In the igniter 1 with multiple spark gaps isolated
conductive materials are used with a low resistance and low
capacitance charge at their tips or along the surface of the
conductive material. However, as the electrostatic flux density
builds, due to the increased potential difference and polarization
of a non-discharged piezoelectric crystal which has been stressed
or strained, arcing takes place through the air and combustible gas
in areas determined by the spark gaps or location of thin film
conductors. Due to the nature of high impact piezoelectric crystals
dry air increases the resistance at the spark gaps and over thin
film conductors. This in turn creates a larger potential difference
within the piezoelectric crystal, resulting in a higher voltage
pulse. Notwithstanding ambient conditions, all commercially
available combustible gases are dry and the presence of an
additional and displacing combustible gas creates the conditions
needed for a higher voltage pulse from the piezoelectric crystal.
These higher voltage potential differences eventually pulse and arc
between spark gaps having large electrostatic flux densities
created at the tips of the conductors with a subsequent dielectric
breakdown (arcing) within the air and combustible gas surrounding
the spark gaps. Dielectric materials separating the conductive
materials must have a resistance greater than that of dry air or
combustible gases. Additionally, a similar arc is created over thin
film conductors, as the resistance of the thin film conductor is
less than the current and voltage load capable of being conducted
within the thin film conductor. With a thin film conductor, the
electrostatic field immediately above the thin film conductor
allows a dielectric breakdown within the air and/or combustible gas
and an arc occurs. In this sense, a dielectric breakdown is
"controlled" and what is commonly known as a fault or problem to be
avoided in electronic engineering is both directed and encouraged
within the igniter 1 with multiple spark gaps.
[0089] Referring to FIG. 17, a concussion absorbing adhesive 50
absorbs impact of hammer 15, thereby lessening damage and cracking
of ceramic shield 11. The conducting metal tube electrode 4, near
the open end of said metal tube, is cut at an angle such that a
portion of the tube electrode extends asymmetrically beyond an
opposing portion of the tube electrode to form a deflecting shield
42 for combustible gas exiting burn tube 21, as is shown in FIG.
18. Referring to FIG. 18, the exit direction of combusted gases 43
from the igniter 1 is at a 90-degree angle formed by the
longitudinal axis of the igniter 1 and longitudinal axis of the
burn tube 21.
[0090] The deflector shield 42 allows for mixing of gas and air in
the combustion zone 22 for improved combustion conditions. The
igniter 1 has simplicity of design and ignition when compared to
many sophisticated existing devices. There is no venting, venturi
apparatus, calibrated mixing of air and combustible gas, or complex
engineering and tooling required for manufacturing and assembling
the outer housing of the igniter 1. A less expensive burner can be
used on the torch and the igniter 1 is a less expensive external
ignition device.
[0091] The deflecting shield 42 provides additional safety by
directing gases away from the user; however, both with and without
the shield 42, the igniter 1 provides combustible gas ignition
safety when compared with a common flint striker. Spark ignition
tends to be more reliable and predictable then that of a flint
striker. Also, the most common ignition of a combustible gas with a
flint striker and hand held torch occurs when a user holds the
flint striker at approximately ninety degrees to the torch. The
hand of a flint striker user squeezes the flint striker in such a
manner as to create pressure of flint being scratched upon a
roughened surface of iron. Ignition with a common flint striker
most often takes place within a cup-like apparatus allowing the
ignited flame to combust and travel in a 360-degree plane from the
flint striker surface. In so doing, that part of the hand closest
to the flint may be briefly exposed to the ignited flame. With the
igniter 1 the same ninety-degree angle of ignition can be attained
with less exposure to both heat and flame to the user, particularly
when the deflecting shield 42 is used.
[0092] Referring to FIG. 19, the conducting metal tube 4 is
shortened with a non-conducting spacer 44 so that a metal washer 45
may be used as a finger grip without becoming an inadvertent
conducting path. From first electrical contact electrode 25 through
tube electrode 4 to metal washer 45 through user to metal
conducting handle or bottle of hand held torch, through burn tube
21, and arcing to the terminal piezoelectric generator electrode 9
of the second electrical contact 13.
[0093] Alternatively, the finger grip 2, housing case collar 41 and
insulation 23 could be formed from a single insulative piece,
formed for example from plastic, and held to the tube electrode,
for example by a screw or other fastening mechanism, not shown.
[0094] Referring to FIG. 20, another design is shown with less
adhesive acting to absorb concussion 50 from repeated and multiple
impacts of hammer 15, thereby lessening potential damage and
cracking of ceramic shield 11.
[0095] Referring to FIG. 21, a longer tubular design is shown with
an extended terminal piezoelectric generator electrode 9 fitting
through the center of the ceramic shield 11. In this illustration
the extended conducting metal tube electrode 4 is placed over the
inner housing case 3 of the piezoelectric spark generator 6 (not
shown in this drawing) and allows for a potential difference and
spark gap 8 (not shown in this drawing). The adhesive acting to
absorb concussion 50 from repeated and multiple impacts of hammer
15 (not shown in this drawing), thereby lessening potential damage
or cracking of ceramic shield 11.
[0096] Various embodiments of the present invention provide
inexpensive impact piezoelectric high voltage igniters for hand
held torches and provide igniters with easier assembly than
existing devices.
[0097] Various embodiments of the present invention provide a
unique combustion zone design which does not include the
engineering of a venturi apparatus or the need to manufacture air
vents within the housing assembly for the mixing of combustible gas
with the oxygen in the air, thus lessening the costs of
manufacturing and eliminating concern with debris plugging air
vents or venturi intake of air.
[0098] Referring to FIGS. 22 and 23, in current gas stoves, whether
in the home or camp stove, there may be a single piezo spark in
place of a traditional pilot light system. Again, this creates a
single location where combustible gas can ignite. This assumes that
the proper gas-air mixture is conducive for ignition. A multiple
spark gap annular ring 2201 provides alternate multiple spark gaps
2203 (a few of which are referenced in FIGS. 22 and 23) surrounding
a gas orifice 2205 and an equal number of combustible gas ignition
points, one for each spark gap 2203. Gas 2206 flows from the
orifice 2205 beneath a deflector plate 2206a. The orifice 2205 has
an exit flange 2206B over which gas 2266 flows. The ring 2201 can
be mounted to the exit flange 2206B, or otherwise. The number of
spark gaps 2203 used may be limited by the available voltage from a
piezo electric crystal, not shown. One can utilize a high-voltage
transformer and mains power for spark generation, for example in
stoves. This may allow for a greater number of spark gaps 2203 as
shown in FIG. 22. A high voltage source, indicated by +, - in FIG.
22 and partially by + in FIG. 23, such as a piezoelectric generator
or transformer and mains power is connected at connections 2207.
The multiple spark gaps 2203 of ring 2201 can be provided in a
manner similar to those discussed previously herein for other
embodiments, for example interrupted conducting wire 2209 in a heat
resistant dielectric material 2211.
[0099] The ring 2201 can be dimensioned to fit gas burners, not
shown, of circular configuration having different dimensions, for
example, where a deflector plate, not shown, forms an enclosure
over the orifice 2205 and the plate has small apertures from which
gas flows. In this case the ring 2201 would surround the burner
provided that the gas is directed over the ring 2201 to provide
conditions for combustion at one or more of the spark gaps
2203.
[0100] For burners of other configurations a multi-spark gap ring
could be provided about the perimeter of the burner. Referring to
FIG. 24, alternatively, if gas is partially trapped near to a
burner 2401, such as with a barbeque 2403 or oven burner, then a
multiple spark gap block 2405 could be placed nearby to provide
ignition. The block 2401 has a block mount 2407 such that the block
2401 can be mounted in the appliance nearby the burner 2403 such
that multiple spark gaps, for example provided by interrupted
conducting wire 2409 embedded in a heat resistant dielectric
material, or otherwise as discussed previously, project from an
exterior surface 2411 of the block 2401. The block 2401 has
connections 2412 to a source of high voltage, such as spark
generator 2413. Gas 2415 flowing from the burner is partially
trapped in barbeque housing 2417 such that gas 2415 will flow over
the exterior surface 2411 of the block 2401 and will be ignited
when the spark generator 2413 is activated to cause the multiple
spark gaps to spark. Again, the block 2401 would be powered by a
piezoelectric generator 2413, particularly for portable or remote
applications, or another source of high voltage, such as a
transformer and mains power source for example in an oven
burner.
[0101] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that this
description is made with reference to the preferred embodiment and
that it is possible to make other embodiments employing the
principles of the invention which fall within its spirit and scope
as defined by the following claims.
* * * * *