U.S. patent application number 11/712739 was filed with the patent office on 2008-09-04 for antiperspirant compositions comprising cyclodextrin complexing material.
Invention is credited to Michael Jude Leblanc, Lowell Alan Sanker, Timothy Alan Seavone.
Application Number | 20080213203 11/712739 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39733185 |
Filed Date | 2008-09-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080213203 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Seavone; Timothy Alan ; et
al. |
September 4, 2008 |
Antiperspirant compositions comprising cyclodextrin complexing
material
Abstract
Antiperspirant compositions are provided. An exemplary
composition includes a carrier material; an antiperspirant active
in an amount from about 5% to less than 19%, by weight of the
composition and on an anhydrous basis; and plurality of particles
comprising a cyclodextrin complexing material and a fragrance
material, wherein the percent of the fragrance material that is
complexed with the cyclodextrin is greater than about 75%, so that
the perceptibility of the fragrance is minimized prior to its
release, wherein the composition has a Residue Grade of less than
about 35.
Inventors: |
Seavone; Timothy Alan;
(Loveland, OH) ; Leblanc; Michael Jude;
(Cincinnati, OH) ; Sanker; Lowell Alan;
(Cincinnati, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
THE PROCTER & GAMBLE COMPANY;INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY DIVISION - WEST BLDG.
WINTON HILL BUSINESS CENTER - BOX 412, 6250 CENTER HILL AVENUE
CINCINNATI
OH
45224
US
|
Family ID: |
39733185 |
Appl. No.: |
11/712739 |
Filed: |
March 1, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/65 ;
434/367 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 8/345 20130101;
A61K 8/732 20130101; A61K 8/347 20130101; G06Q 30/0629 20130101;
A61Q 15/00 20130101; A61K 8/58 20130101; A61K 2800/56 20130101;
A61K 8/28 20130101; A61K 8/738 20130101; A61P 43/00 20180101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/65 ;
434/367 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/18 20060101
A61K008/18; A61P 43/00 20060101 A61P043/00; G09B 25/00 20060101
G09B025/00 |
Claims
1. An antiperspirant composition, comprising: (a) a carrier
material; (b) an antiperspirant active in an amount from about 5%
to less than 19%, by weight of the composition on an anhydrous
basis; (c) a plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin
complexing material and a fragrance material, wherein the percent
of the fragrance material that is complexed with the cyclodextrin
is greater than about 75%, SO that the perceptibility of the
fragrance is minimized prior to its release; and (d) a second
fragrance material that is not complexed with cyclodextrin
complexing material and that is different from the fragrance
material in chemical make-up, wherein the composition has a Residue
Grade of less than about 35.
2. The antiperspirant composition of claim 1, wherein the
antiperspirant active is included in an amount from about 10% to
less than or equal to about 15%, by weight of the composition on an
anhydrous basis.
3. The antiperspirant composition of claim 1, wherein the percent
of the first fragrance material that is complexed with the
cyclodextrin is greater than about 90%.
4. The antiperspirant composition of claim 1, wherein the percent
of the first fragrance material that is complexed with the
cyclodextrin is greater than about 95%.
5. (canceled)
6. (canceled)
7. he antiperspirant composition of claim 1, further comprising an
antioxidant.
8. The antiperspirant composition of claim 1, wherein the
antioxidant is BHT.
9. The antiperspirant composition of claim 1, further comprising
corn starch.
10. The antiperspirant composition of claim 1, further comprising
glycerin.
11. The antiperspirant composition of claim 1, wherein the
composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of
solid, soft solid, roll-on and aerosol.
12. An antiperspirant composition, comprising: (a) a carrier
material; (b) an antiperspirant active in an amount from about 5%
to less than 19%, by weight of the composition on an anhydrous
basis; (c) a plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin
complexing material and a fragrance material, wherein the percent
of the fragrance material that is complexed with the cyclodextrin
is greater than about 75%, so that the perceptibility of the
fragrance is minimized prior to its release; (d) an emollient
system for minimizing residue arising from the cyclodextrin, the
emollient system comprising one or more emollients having a
refractive index of greater than or equal to 1.4460 ; and (e) a
second fragrance material that is not complexed with cyclodextrin
complexing material and that is different from the fragrance
material in chemical make-up.
13. The antiperspirant composition of claim 12, wherein the
antiperspirant active is included in an amount from about 10% to
less than or equal to about 15%, by weight of the composition on an
anhydrous basis.
14. The antiperspirant composition of claim 12, wherein the percent
of the first fragrance material that is complexed with the
cyclodextrin is greater than about 90%.
15. The antiperspirant composition of claim 12, wherein the percent
of the first fragrance material that is complexed with the
cyclodextrin is greater than about 95%.
16. (canceled)
17. (canceled)
18. An antiperspirant composition, comprising: (a) a carrier
material; (b) an antiperspirant active in an amount from about 5%
to less than 19%, by weight of the composition on an anhydrous
basis; (c) a plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin
complexing material and a fragrance material, the plurality of
particles having a moisture level, before inclusion into the
composition, of less than about 20% by weight of the particles; and
(d) a second fragrance material that is not complexed with
cyclodextrin complexing material and that is different from the
fragrance material in chemical make-up, wherein the composition has
a Residue Grade of less than about 35.
19. The antiperspirant composition of claim 18, wherein the
antiperspirant active is included in an amount from about 10% to
less than or equal to about 15%, by weight of the composition on an
anhydrous basis.
20. The antiperspirant composition of claim 18, wherein the
plurality of particles has a moisture level, before inclusion into
the composition, of less than about 10% by weight of the plurality
of particles.
21. The antiperspirant composition of claim 18, wherein the
plurality of particles has a moisture level, before inclusion into
the composition, of less than about 6% by weight of the plurality
of particles.
22. (canceled)
23. (canceled)
24. The antiperspirant composition of claim 18, wherein the
composition is in a form selected from the group consisting of
solid, soft solid, roll-on, and aerosol.
25. An antiperspirant composition, comprising: (a) a carrier
material; (b) an antiperspirant active in an amount from about 5%
to less than 19%, by weight of the composition on an anhydrous
basis; (c) a plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin
complexing material and a fragrance material, the plurality of
particles having a moisture level, before inclusion into the
composition, of less than about 20% by weight of the particles; (d)
an emollient system for minimizing residue arising from the
cyclodextrin, the emollient system comprising one or more
emollients having a refractive index of greater than or equal to
1.4460 ; and (e) a second fragrance material that is not complexed
with cyclodextrin complexing material and that is different from
the fragrance material in chemical make-up.
26. An antiperspirant composition, comprising: (a) a carrier
material; (b) an antiperspirant active in an amount from about 5%
to less than 19%, by weight of the composition on an anhydrous
basis; (c) a plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin
complexing material and a fragrance material, wherein the plurality
of particles are formed using a process comprising a step of spray
drying; and (d) a second fragrance material that is not complexed
with cyclodextrin complexing material and that is different from
the fragrance material in chemical make-up, wherein the composition
has a Residue Grade of less than about 35.
27. The antiperspirant composition of claim 26, wherein the
antiperspirant active is included in an amount from about 10% to
less than or equal to about 15%, by weight of the composition on an
anhydrous basis.
28. (canceled)
29. (canceled)
30. An antiperspirant composition, comprising: (a) a carrier
material; (b) an antiperspirant active in an amount from about 5%
to less than 19%, by weight of the composition on an anhydrous
basis; (c) a plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin
complexing material and a fragrance material, wherein the plurality
of particles are formed using a process comprising a step of spray
drying; (d) an emollient system for minimizing residue arising from
the cyclodextrin, the emollient system comprising one or more
emollients having a refractive index of greater than or equal to
1.4460 ; and (e) a second fragrance material that is not complexed
with cyclodextrin complexing material and that is different from
the fragrance material in chemical make-up.
31. An antiperspirant composition, comprising: (a) a carrier
material; (b) a first neat fragrance material; (c) a
scent-releasing system comprising a combination of: i)
cyclodextrin-fragrance complex comprising a second fragrance
material; and ii) a third fragrance material encapsulated with an
encapsulating material other than cyclodextrin; and (d) an
antiperspirant active.
32. A method of merchandising antiperspirant or deodorant
compositions, comprising the step of communicating a comparison to
perspective buyers between a first antiperspirant/deodorant
composition comprising cyclodextrin-fragrance complexes and a
second antiperspirant/deodorant composition comprising a
scent-releasing or fragrance encapsulating technology that does not
comprise cyclodextrin material.
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the scent-releasing or
fragrance encapsulating technology that does not comprise
cyclodextrin material comprises corn starch.
34. The method of claim 32, wherein the comparison comprises a
performance comparison.
35. The method of claim 32, wherein the comparison comprises a
scent or fragrance comparison.
36. The method of claim 32, wherein the comparison comprises a
protection comparison.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention is directed to topical antiperspirant
compositions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention provides antiperspirant compositions
employing cyclodextrin-fragrance complexes that are formed by a
spray-drying process and/or have particular characteristics, such
as relatively low moisture levels or relatively low levels of
unbound fragrance. Complex particles having relatively low moisture
levels are believed to have less of a tendency to agglomerate prior
to their inclusion into a composition, which can lead to a smoother
feeling composition instead of a grainy or gritty feeling
composition. This is particularly important for rub-on type
antiperspirant compositions.
[0003] At least some of the antiperspirant compositions of the
present invention are designed such that the fragrance complexed
with the cyclodextrin is substantially imperceptible ("hidden") to
a consumer prior to the happening of a triggering event, such as
perspiration. This feature mitigates against the fragrance bleeding
through prematurely to alter the initial scent expression provided
by a separate neat fragrance or to simply provide an unwanted
initial scent expression in products marketed as, for example,
unscented, scent-free, hypoallergenic, sensitive, or the like.
These antiperspirant compositions can be enabled by
cyclodextrin-fragrance complexes having relatively small amounts of
unbound fragrance.
[0004] In accordance with one of the preferred embodiments, there
has now been provided an antiperspirant composition comprising a
carrier material; an antiperspirant active in an amount from about
5% to less than 19%, by weight of the composition and on an
anhydrous basis; and a plurality of particles comprising a
cyclodextrin complexing material and a fragrance material, wherein
the percent of the fragrance material that is complexed with the
cyclodextrin is greater than about 75%, so that the perceptibility
of the fragrance is minimized prior to its release.
[0005] In accordance with another preferred embodiment, there has
now been provided an antiperspirant composition comprising a
carrier material; an antiperspirant active in an amount from about
5% to less than 19%, by weight of the composition on an anhydrous
basis; and a plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin
complexing material and a fragrance material, the plurality of
particles having a moisture level, before inclusion into the
composition, of less than about 20% by weight of the particles.
[0006] In accordance with yet another preferred embodiment, there
has now been provided an antiperspirant composition comprising a
carrier material; an antiperspirant active in an amount from about
5% to less than 19%, by weight of the composition and on an
anhydrous basis; and a plurality of particles comprising a
cyclodextrin complexing material and a fragrance material, wherein
the plurality of particles are formed using a process comprising a
step of spray drying.
[0007] The above compositions may be formulated to yield a low
residue level; for example, to exhibit a Residue Grade (as defined
herein) of less than about 35. The compositions may comprise an
emollient system for minimizing residue. Exemplary systems comprise
one or more emollients having a refractive index of greater than or
equal to 1.4460.
[0008] In accordance with another preferred embodiment, there has
now been provided an antiperspirant composition comprising a
carrier material; a fragrance material; and a scent-releasing
system comprising a combination of cyclodextrin complexing material
and corn starch.
[0009] The antiperspirant compositions of the present invention may
be manufactured into various product forms, including, but not
limited to, solids, soft solids, roll-ons, and aerosols.
[0010] The present invention is also directed to methods of
merchandising antiperspirant compositions. One exemplary embodiment
comprises the step of communicating a comparison to perspective
buyers between a first antiperspirant composition comprising
cylcodextrin-fragrance complexes and a second antiperspirant
composition comprising corn starch. The comparison may comprise,
for example, a performance-related comparison, a scent or fragrance
comparison, and/or a protection-related comparison.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0011] The present invention may be understood more readily by
reference to the following detailed description of illustrative and
preferred embodiments. It is to be understood that the scope of the
claims is not limited to the specific features, methods,
conditions, or parameters described herein, and that the
terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular
embodiments by way of example only and it not intended to be
limiting of the claimed invention. Also, as used in the
specification including the appended claims, the singular forms
"a," "an," and "the" include the plural, and reference to a
particular numerical value includes at least that particular value,
unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. When a range of
values is expressed, another embodiment includes from the one
particular value and/or to the other particular value. Similarly,
when values are expressed as approximations, by use of the
antecedent "about," it will be understood that the particular value
forms another embodiment. All ranges are inclusive and
combinable.
[0012] All percentages, parts and ratios are based upon the total
weight of the compositions of the present invention, unless
otherwise specified. All such weights as they pertain to listed
ingredients are based on the active level and, therefore, do not
include solvents or by-products that may be included in
commercially available materials, unless otherwise specified. The
term "weight percent" may be denoted as "wt. %" herein.
[0013] The term "ambient conditions," as used herein, refers to
surrounding conditions at about one atmosphere of pressure, 50%
relative humidity and about 25.degree. C.
[0014] As used herein, "comprising" means that other steps and
other ingredients which do not affect the end result can be added.
This term encompasses the terms "consisting of" and "consisting
essentially of". The compositions of the present invention can
comprise, consist of, and consist essentially of the elements and
limitations of the invention described herein, as well as any of
the additional or optional ingredients, components, steps, or
limitations described herein.
[0015] The term "anhydrous" as used herein means that the deodorant
composition of the present invention, and the essential or optional
components thereof, are substantially free of added or free water.
For example, the deodorant compositions of the present invention
may comprise less than about 2%, less than about 1%, less than
about 0.5%, or zero percent of free or added water, by weight of
the composition.
[0016] As used herein, the term "antiperspirant composition,"
includes antiperspirant compositions, deodorant compositions, body
sprays, and the like. The product form is unlimited unless
specified otherwise.
[0017] Antiperspirant compositions of the present invention include
a liquid carrier, an antiperspirant active (and/or deodorant), and
a plurality of particles comprising a cyclodextrin complexing
material and a fragrance material. These features will be discussed
below, followed by a description of optional ingredients that may
or may not be employed in the antiperspirant compositions of the
present invention.
I. LIQUID CARRIER
[0018] Compositions of the present invention include a liquid
carrier. Suitable liquid carriers include, but are not limited to,
any topically safe and effective organic, silicone-containing or
fluorine-containing, volatile or non-volatile, polar or non-polar
liquid carrier. The liquid carrier is preferably liquid under
ambient conditions, and can include one or more liquid carrier
materials provided that the any such combination of materials is in
liquid form under ambient conditions. Depending on the type of
product form desired, concentrations of the liquid carrier in the
compositions will typically range from about 10% or from about 30%
to about 90% or to about 75%, by weight of the composition.
[0019] Nonlimiting examples of suitable liquid carriers include
C.sub.1 to C.sub.20 monohydric alcohols, i.e., C.sub.2 to C.sub.8
monohydric alcohols; C.sub.2 to C.sub.40 dihydric or polyhydric
alcohols, i.e., C.sub.2 to C.sub.20 dihydric or polyhydric
alcohols; alkyl ethers of all such alcohols, i.e. C.sub.1-C.sub.4
alkyl ethers; and polyalkoxylated glycols, i.e. propylene glycols
and polyethylene glycols having from 2 to 30 repeating alkoxylate
(e.g., ethoxylate or propoxylate) groups and polyglycerols having
from 2 to 16 repeating glycerol moieties; their derivatives and
mixtures thereof.
[0020] Specific examples of such alcohol liquid carriers include
propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene
glycol, glycerin, propylene glycol methyl ether, dipropylene glycol
methyl ether, ethanol, n-propanol, n-butanol, t-butanol,
2-methoxyethanol, 2-ethoxyethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol,
isobutanol, 1,4-butylene glycol, 2,3-butylene glycol, trimethylene
glycol, 1,3-butanediol, 1,4,-butanediol, propylene glycol
monoisostearate, PPG-3 myristyl ether, PEG-4 (also known as
PEG-200), PEG-8 (also known as PEG-400), 1,2, pentanediol, PPG-14
butylether, dimethyl isosorbide, and combinations thereof. Other
similar but suitable solvents for use as liquid carriers are
described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,781,917, issued to
Luebbe et al., Nov. 1, 1998, U.S. Pat. No. 5,643,558, issued to
Provancal et al., Jul. 1, 1997, U.S. Pat. No. 4,816,261, issued to
Luebbe et al., Mar. 28, 1989 and EP 404 533 A1, published Dec. 27,
1990 by Smith et al.
[0021] The antiperspirant compositions of the present invention may
comprise a silicone liquid carrier. The concentration of the
silicone liquid carrier may range from about 10% or from about 15%
of a silicone liquid carrier, by weight of the composition to about
90% or to about 65% of a silicone liquid carrier, by weight of the
composition. The silicone liquid carriers suitable for use herein
may include volatile or non-volatile silicones.
[0022] Nonlimiting examples of suitable silicone liquid carriers
for use herein include those volatile silicones that are described
in Todd et al., "Volatile Silicone Fluids for Cosmetics", Cosmetics
and Toiletries, 91:27-32 (1976). Suitable amongst these volatile
silicones include the cyclic silicones having from about 3 or from
about 4 to about 7 or to about 6, silicon atoms. Specifically are
those which conform to the formula:
##STR00001##
[0023] wherein n is from about 3, from about 4 or about 5 to about
7 or to about 6. These volatile cyclic silicones generally have a
viscosity value of less than about 10 centistokes. Other suitable
silicone liquid carriers for use herein include those volatile and
nonvolatile linear silicones which conform to the formula:
##STR00002##
[0024] wherein n is greater than or equal to 0. The volatile linear
silicone materials will generally have viscosity values of less
than 5 centistokes at 25.degree. C. The non-volatile linear
silicone materials will generally have viscosity values of greater
than 5 centistokes at 25.degree. C.
[0025] Specific examples of suitable volatile silicones for use
herein include, but are not limited to, hexamethyldisiloxane;
Silicone Fluids SF-1202 and SF-1173 (commercially available from
G.E. Silicones); Dow Corning 244, Dow Corning 245, Dow Corning 246,
Dow Corning 344, and Dow Corning 345, (commercially available from
Dow Corning Corp.); Silicone Fluids SWS-03314, SWS-03400, F-222,
F-223, F-250, and F-251 (commercially available from SWS Silicones
Corp.); Volatile Silicones 7158, 7207, 7349 (available from Union
Carbide); Masil SF-V.TM. (available from Mazer); and mixtures
thereof.
[0026] Specific examples of suitable non-volatile linear silicones
for use herein include, but are not limited to, Rhodorsil Oils
70047 available from Rhone-Poulenc; Masil SF Fluid available from
Mazer; Dow Corning 200 and Dow Corning 225 (available from Dow
Corning Corp.); Silicone Fluid SF-96 (available from G.E.
Silicones); Velvasil.TM. and Viscasil.TM. (available from General
Electric Co.); Silicone L-45, Silicone L-530, and Silicone L-531
(available from Union Carbide); and Siloxane F-221 and Silicone
Fluid SWS-101 (available from SWS Silicones).
[0027] Other suitable non-volatile silicone liquid carriers for use
in the antiperspirant compositions of the present invention
include, but are not limited to, non-volatile silicone emollients
such as polyalkylarylsiloxanes, polyestersiloxanes,
polyethersiloxane copolymers, polyfluorosiloxanes,
polyaminosiloxanes, and combinations thereof. These non-volatile
silicone liquid carriers will generally have viscosity values of
less than about 100,000 centistokes, less than about 500
centistokes, or from about 1 centistokes to about 200 centistokes
or to about 50 centistokes, as measured under ambient
conditions.
[0028] Other suitable liquid carriers for use in the compositions
of the present invention include, but are not limited to, organic
liquid carriers such as mineral oil, petrolatum, isohexadecane,
isododecane, various other hydrocarbon oils, and mixtures thereof.
Preferred are mineral oil and branched chain hydrocarbons having
from about 4 or from about 6 carbon atoms to about 30 or to about
20 carbon atoms. Specific non-limiting examples of suitable
branched chain hydrocarbon oils include isoparaffins available from
Exxon Chemical Company as Isopar C.TM. (C7-C8 Isoparaffin), Isopar
E.TM. (C8-C9 Isoparaffin), Isopar G.TM. (C10-11 Isoparaffin),
Isopar H.TM. (C11-C12 Isoparaffin), Isopar L.TM. (C11-C13
Isoparaffin), Isopar M.TM. (C13-C14 Isoparaffin), and combinations
thereof. Other nonlimiting examples of suitable branched chain
hydrocarbons include Permethyl.TM. 99A (isododecane),
Permethyl.TM.102A (isoeicosane), Permethyl.TM. 101A
(isohexadecane), and combinations thereof. The Permethyl.TM. series
are available from Preperse, Inc., South Plainfield, N.J., U.S.A.
Other non-limiting examples of suitable branched chain hydrocarbons
include petroleum distillates such as those available from Phillips
Chemical as Soltrol.TM. 130, Soltrol.TM. 170, and those available
from Shell as Shell Sol.TM. 70, -71, and -2033, and mixtures
thereof.
[0029] Examples of other suitable organic liquid carriers include
the Norpar.TM. series of paraffins available from Exxon Chemical
Company as Norpar.TM. 12, -13, and -15; octyldodecanol; butyl
stearate; diisopropyl adipate; dodecane; octane; decane;
C.sub.1-C.sub.15 alkanes/cycloalkanes available from Exxon as
Exxsol.TM. D80; C.sub.12-C.sub.15 alkyl benzoates available as
Finsolv-TN.TM. from Finetex; and mixtures thereof. Other suitable
liquid carriers include benzoate co-solvents, cinnamate esters,
secondary alcohols, benzyl acetate, phenyl alkane, and combinations
thereof.
[0030] The antiperspirant compositions of the present invention may
be formulated as an aqueous or anhydrous composition. Aqueous
compositions may comprise from about 10% or from about 15% water,
by weight of the composition to about 75%, to about 60%, or to
about 50% water, by weight of the composition. Anhydrous
compositions may comprise less than about 10%, less than about 3%,
less than about 1%, or zero percent water, by weight of the
composition.
II. ANTIPERSPIRANT ACTIVE
[0031] Compositions of the present invention contain an
antiperspirant active. Exemplary concentrations of the
antiperspirant active include from about 0.5% to about 60%, and
more preferably from about 5% to about 35%, by weight of the
composition. In one preferred embodiment of the present invention,
the antiperspirant active is included at a level of from about 5%
to less than 19%, by weight of the composition. In another
preferred embodiment, the antiperspirant active is employed at a
level of from about 10% to less than or equal to about 15%, by
weight of the composition. These weight percentages are calculated
on an anhydrous metal salt basis exclusive of water and any
complexing agents such as, for example, glycine and glycine salts.
The antiperspirant active as formulated in the composition are
typically in the form of dispersed particulate solids having a
preferred average particle size or equivalent diameter of less than
about 100 microns, more preferably less than about 20 microns, and
even more preferably less than about 10 microns.
[0032] The antiperspirant active for use in the compositions of the
present invention may include any compound, composition or other
material having antiperspirant activity. By way of example only,
the antiperspirant actives may include astringent metallic salts,
especially inorganic and organic salts of aluminum, zirconium and
zinc, as well as mixtures thereof. Particular antiperspirant active
examples include, but are not limited to, aluminum-containing
and/or zirconium-containing salts or materials, such as aluminum
halides, aluminum chlorohydrate, aluminum hydroxyhalides, zirconyl
oxyhalides, zirconyl hydroxyhalides, and mixtures thereof.
[0033] Aluminum salts useful in the present invention include those
that conform to the formula:
Al.sub.2(OH).sub.aCl.sub.b.x H.sub.2O
wherein a is from about 0 to about 5; the sum of a and b is about
6; x is from about 1 to about 8; where a, b, and x may have
non-integer values. For example, aluminum chlorohydroxides referred
to as "3/4 basic chlorohydroxide," wherein a is about 4.5; " basic
chlorohydroxide", wherein a=5; and "2/3 basic chlorohydroxide",
wherein a=4 may be used. Processes for preparing aluminum salts are
disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,887,692, issued to Gilman on June 3,
1975; U.S. Pat. No. 3,904,741, issued to Jones et al. on Sep. 9,
1975; and U.S. Pat. No. 4,359,456 issued to Gosling et al. on Nov.
16, 1982. A general description of these aluminum salts can also be
found in Antiperspirants and Deodorants, Cosmetic Science and
Technology Series Vol. 20, 2nd edition, edited by Karl Laden.
Mixtures of aluminum salts are described in British Patent
Specification 1,347,950, filed in the name of Shin et al. and
published Feb. 24, 1974.
[0034] Zirconium salts for use in the present invention include
those which conform to the formula:
ZrO(OH).sub.2-aCl.sub.a.x H.sub.2O
wherein a is from about 0.5 to about 2; x is from about 1 to about
7; where a and x may both have non-integer values. These zirconium
salts are described in Belgian Patent 825,146, issued to Schmitz on
Aug. 4, 1975. Useful to the present invention are zirconium salt
complexes that additionally contain aluminum and glycine, commonly
known as "ZAG complexes". These complexes contain aluminum
chlorohydroxide and zirconyl hydroxy chloride conforming to the
above-described formulas. Such ZAG complexes are described in U.S.
Pat. No. 4,331,609, issued to Orr on May 25, 1982 and U.S. Pat. No.
4,120,948, issued to Shelton on Oct. 17, 1978.
[0035] Compositions of the present invention may alternatively or
additionally comprise a deodorant active. Suitable deodorant
actives may be selected from the group consisting of antimicrobial
agents (e.g., bacteriocides, fungicides), malodor-absorbing
material, and combinations thereof. For example, antimicrobial
agents may comprise cetyl-trimethylammonium bromide, cetyl
pyridinium chloride, benzethonium chloride, diisobutyl phenoxy
ethoxy ethyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride, sodium N-lauryl
sarcosine, sodium N-palmethyl sarcosine, lauroyl sarcosine,
N-myristoyl glycine, potassium N-lauryl sarcosine, trimethyl
ammonium chloride, sodium aluminum chlorohydroxy lactate, triethyl
citrate, tricetylmethyl ammonium chloride,
2,4,4'-trichloro-2'-hydroxy diphenyl ether (triclosan),
3,4,4'-trichlorocarbanilide (triclocarban), diaminoalkyl amides
such as L-lysine hexadecyl amide, heavy metal salts of citrate,
salicylate, and piroctose, especially zinc salts, and acids
thereof, heavy metal salts of pyrithione, especially zinc
pyrithione, zinc phenolsulfate, farnesol, and combinations
thereof.
III. CYCLODEXTRIN COMPLEXING MATERIAL
[0036] Compositions of the present invention include a cyclodextrin
complexing material for substantially "hiding" a fragrance material
until a triggering mechanism has occurred, such as, for example,
perspiration, to "release" the fragrance material. As used herein,
the term "cyclodextrin" includes any of the known cyclodextrins
such as unsubstituted cyclodextrins containing from about six to
about twelve glucose units, especially alpha-cyclodextrin,
beta-cyclodextrin, gamma-cyclodextrin and/or their derivatives
and/or mixtures thereof. For example, the present invention may use
cyclodextrins selected from the group consisting of
beta-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl alpha-cyclodextrin, hydroxypropyl
beta-cyclodextrin, methylated-alpha-cyclodextrin,
methylated-beta-cyclodextrin, and mixtures thereof. Cyclodextrins
may be included within the compositions from at least about 0.1%,
from at least about 1%, from at least about 2%, or from at least
about 3% to about 25%, to about 20%, to about 15% or to about 10%,
by weight of the composition.
[0037] Cyclodextrin particles and cyclodextrin complexes comprising
a fragrance material can be formed by various methods. For example,
a solvent (e.g., water), unloaded cyclodextrin particles, and a
fragrance material can be placed into a container and then mixed
for a period of time to permit loading of fragrance molecules into
"cavities" of cyclodextrin molecules. The mixture may or may not be
processed further; e.g., processed through a colloid mill and/or
homogenizer. The solvent is then substantially removed from the
resulting mixture or slurry to yield cyclodextrin-fragrance complex
particles. Different manufacturing techniques may however impart
different particle/complex characterizations, which may or may not
be desirable in a final composition. In accordance with some of the
preferred embodiments of the present invention, the particles
and/or complexes have a low level of moisture prior to their
inclusion into the composition. For a given volume of cyclodextrin
particles (at least some of which being complexed with a fragrance
material), it is preferred to have a moisture level of less than
about 20% by weight of the particles, more preferred to have a
moisture level of less than about 10% by weight of the particles,
and even more preferred to have a moisture level of less than about
6% by weight of the particles, prior to the inclusion of the volume
of particles into the composition. Other moisture levels may be
suitable for compositions of the present invention; accordingly,
these preferred levels should not be read into claims that do not
specify a cyclodextrin particle/complex moisture level.
[0038] Spray drying a slurry or mixture of cyclodextrin-fragrance
complexes is one manufacturing technique capable of producing the
cyclodextrin particles and cyclodextrin complexes having the
above-noted, preferred moisture levels. Table I below provides a
comparison of spray dried cyclodextrin complexes versus complexes
formed via an extruder process (kneading).
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I Cyclodextrin Complex Moisture Level Sample %
Moisture Spray Dry Process Sample A 4.4 Spray Dry Process Sample B
3.7 4.5 Spray Dry Process Sample C 5.3 Extruder Process Sample A
27.87 Extruder Process Sample B 27.97 Extruder Process Sample C
24.00
[0039] Water content, USP (United States Pharmacopeia, current as
of Aug. 1, 2006) <921> Method I is the analytical method for
determining cyclodextrin complex moisture level, as shown in Table
I.
[0040] As one can see from Table 1, the moisture level directly
manifested by these two methods is dramatically different. It
should be understood that this comparison is not intended to
disclaim kneading/extruder processes from appended claims that do
not specify a particular complex formation process. Rather, a
kneading and extrusion method, or other method forming
particles/complexes with higher than desired moisture levels, would
require additional processing after their initial formation. For
example, extruded complexes may require processing through an oven
or dryer, or exposure to a controlled environment for a period of
time.
[0041] Although not wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed
that cyclodextrin particles/complexes having a relatively high
moisture level have an increased tendency to agglomerate. The
agglomerated particles may reach a size so as to become perceptible
by a consumer; that is, a consumer may characterize the composition
as being "gritty." And a "gritty" antiperspirant composition may
not be desirable to some consumers, particular in solid product
forms where the product is rubbed against the body as the means of
applying the antiperspirant. Microbial growth is another potential
disadvantage associated with employing cyclodextrin
particles/complexes with relatively high moisture levels into a
final composition depending on the remaining ingredients of the
composition and/or storage parameters.
[0042] The efficiency or level of complexing with a fragrance
material is another parameter of cyclodextrin complexes that can
vary greatly depending on the manufacturing techniques employed.
Put another way, the percent of fragrance material that is
associated with the interior of a cyclodextrin molecule compared to
the percent of fragrance material that is associated with the
exterior of the cyclodextrin complex. The fragrance material that
is on the exterior region of the complex is essentially free to be
expressed without the requirement of a triggering mechanism, such
as perspiration. The probability that a consumer perceives the
fragrance material prior to a triggering mechanism increases as the
level of free fragrance increases. And perception of a fragrance
material prior to a triggering mechanism may not be desired
depending on the overall composition design and targeted benefit
associated with employment of the cyclodextrin complexes. In
accordance with at least some of the preferred embodiments, the
percent of fragrance material that is complexed with cyclodextrin
is greater than about 75%, in some instances greater than about
90%, and in other instances greater than about 95%. It should be
understood that these levels of fragrance complexation are directly
associated with the complex formation process itself; the
percentages do not represent a formulation design of adding a first
percentage of fragrance material via a cyclodextrin complex and
adding a second percentage of neat fragrance material.
[0043] Spray drying a slurry or mixture of cyclodextrin-fragrance
complexes is one manufacturing technique capable of producing
cyclodextrin complexes having the above-noted levels of fragrance
complexation. Table II below provides a comparison of spray dried
cyclodextrin complexes versus complexes formed via an extruder
process (kneading).
TABLE-US-00002 TABLE II Percent of Fragrance Loading in
Cyclodextrin Complexes Sample Complexation Efficiency Spray Dry
Process Sample A 96.6 Spray Dry Process Sample B 96.8 Spray Dry
Process Sample C 96.2 Extruder Process Sample A 60.77 Extruder
Process Sample B 65.47 Extruder Process Sample C 67.07
[0044] One can see from Table II that spray drying is capable of
producing cyclodextrin complexes with very little free fragrance as
compared to a kneading/extruder process. The skilled artisan should
appreciate that the comparison provided in Table II is not intended
to disclaim kneading/extruder processes from appended claims that
do not specify a particular complex formation process. Rather,
additional processing steps may, for example, need to be employed
to eliminate free fragrance associated with extruded complexes
prior to their inclusion into a composition.
[0045] The analytical method for determining the percent of
fragrance complexed, as shown in Table II, determines the free
fragrance level in the complex by dissolving a sample in
tetrahydrofuran (THF) adding an internal standard, and analyzing by
capillary gas chromatography (GC). The complexed fragrance level is
measured by extracting the same sample in acetone containing an
internal standard, and analyzing by GC.
Complexation Efficiency=% Complexed/[% Complexed+% Free]
Original Sample Preparation
Internal Standard Stock Solution (ISSS)
[0046] Weigh 0.625 g.+-.0.05 g of Diphenyloxide into a tared 100 mL
volumetric flask and make to volume with acetone (Baker HPLC grade
9254-03). This is a suggested internal standard, other materials
may be substituted as necessary to avoid chromatographic overlap
depending on the specific fragrance to be analyzed.
Standards
[0047] Select a sufficient number (typically 10-20) of fragrance
components to account for 80% or greater of the total area of the
fragrance chromatogram. A synthetic blend of these components will
be the primary standard used to quantitate fragrance levels. A
sample of the fragrance is used as the secondary standard which
enables correction for the fact that less than 100% of the
components are calibrated.
Primary Standard Calibration Solutions
[0048] Primary stock: Weigh 0.1 g (to 0.001 g) of the individual
fragrance components to be quantitated into a tared 100 mL
volumetric flask and record the weights. Make to volume with
acetone. Pipette 3.0 mL of the primary stock into a 50 mL
volumetric flask and add 0.50 mL of ISSS for complexed calibration
standard and dilute to volume with acetone. Pipette 3.0 mL of the
primary stock into a 50 mL volumetric flask and add 0.50 mL of ISSS
for neat calibration standard and dilute to volume with THF (Baker
9450-03).
Secondary Fragrance Standard Calibration Solutions
[0049] Secondary stock: Weigh 0.5 g (.+-.0.1 g with precision to
0.0001 g) the fragrance into a tared 100 mL volumetric flask and
record weight. Make to volume with extraction solution for total
fragrance (acetone); mix well. Pipette 3.0 mL of the secondary
stock into a 50 mL volumetric flask and add 0.50 mL of ISSS for
complexed fragrance standard and dilute to volume with acetone.
Pipette 3.0 mL of the secondary stock into a 50 mL volumetric flask
and add 0.50 mL of ISSS for neat fragrance standard and dilute to
volume with THF.
Preparation of Samples
[0050] The ASE Solvent Extractor used in these analyses was a
Dionex 200. Insert fiber filter (Dionex #49458) into an 11 mL cell
body (Dionex part number 47004) with end cap on one end. Push
filter to meet end cap. Tare on balance. Carefully add 1.000 gram
(.+-.0.250 grams) of sample to cell and record actual weight. Using
a funnel, add sand (30-40 mesh, EM Science EM-SX0075-1 or alternate
inert material) to fill the cell, place another fiber filter on top
and close cell with second end cap. Use care in applying this
filter so it is not above the end of the cell but rather push down
slightly so the filter is inside the walls of the cell. This is to
avoid filter particles from accumulating within the threads of the
end caps which can cause leaking during extraction. Record cell
serial number to correspond with sample identification. Load the
cells and their corresponding collection vials (60 ml Dionex 48784)
onto the ASE. [Note: For each sample two collection vials will be
needed, one for the THF extraction (neat fragrance) and one for the
acetone extraction (complex fragrance). To extract multiple samples
it is recommended that all the THF extractions be done prior to the
acetone extractions due to the temperature difference between the
two methods.
TABLE-US-00003 ASE Methods THF - Neat Fragrance Extraction Acetone
- Complexed 0 min Preheat 0 min 5 min Heat 6 min 4 min Static 15
min 100% Flush 100% 60 sec Purge 60 sec 1 Cycles 3 500 psi Pressure
2000 psi 40.degree. C. Temperature 110.degree. C. 100% THF Solvent
100% Acetone
Preparation of ASE
[0051] Assure sufficient nitrogen flow by verifying pressures for
solvent bottles are at 10 psi, system air is at 50 psi and
compression oven is at 130 psi. Verify there is an adequate amount
of nitrogen to complete the run. Typically 1000 psi of nitrogen is
used to extract 15 samples. Enter ASE methods, above, and save each
method under a separate number. For example: The THF method can be
saved as number 1 and the acetone method can be saved as number 2.
Verify there is an adequate volume of both THF and acetone present
to complete the run. Approximately 30 mL of each solvent is used
per sample (note: usage can vary from system to system). With rinse
collection vials present and an adequate volume of THF present,
rinse the system with THF a few times to prime lines and remove any
air. With cells and their corresponding labeled collection vials in
place, the ASE methods are ready to begin.
Post ASE Sample Preparation for Complexed Fragrance (in
Acetone)
[0052] Remove ASE collection vials containing complexed fragrance
extract. Screw off the cap on the collection vial. Add 0.50 mL of
ISSS directly to the collection vial, with a volumetric pipet. Add
approximately 30 mL of acetone. Replace the cap onto the collection
vial tightly. Shake well for approximately 30 seconds.
Post ASE Sample Preparation for Neat Fragrance (in THF)
[0053] Remove ASE collection vials containing neat fragrance
extract. Screw off the cap on the collection vial. Add 0.50 mL of
ISSS directly to the collection vial, with a volumetric pipet. Add
approximately 30 mL of tetrahydrofuran. Replace the cap onto the
collection vial tightly. Shake well for approximately 30
seconds.
Apparatus Criteria (Suggested Type or Source)
[0054] Gas Chromatograph HP5890 or equivalent equipped with
capillary inlet system and flame ionization detector with peak
integration capabilities
[0055] Column DB-5 column, 30 m.times.0.32 mm I.D. with 1.0 micron
coating, J&W Scientific cat. no. 123-5033
Gas Chromatographic Conditions
[0056] Carrier Gas Helium UHP grade or regular grade helium
purified through a dry tube and an oxygen scrubber. Flow-pressure
regulated at 15 psi with 30 mL/min. split flow. [0057] Oven
Temperature. 50.degree. C.-250.degree. C. @6.degree. C./min.;
250.degree. C.-315.degree. C. @70.degree. C./min.; Hold at
315.degree. C. for 5 minutes [0058] Injector Temperature
250.degree. C. [0059] Detector Temperature 325.degree. C. [0060]
Hydrogen and Air Flows Optimized for gas chromatograph used [0061]
Integration Threshold 2, peak width 0.04 [0062] Injection 1
microliter: splitless mode
Calculations
[0063] % Analyte=[(AvRf)(A)(B).times.100]/[C.times.D] Where: [0064]
AvRf=Average response factor for standard sample [0065] A=Weight of
internal standard added to sample solution [0066] B=Area of analyte
peak in sample chromatogram [0067] C=Area of internal std. peak in
sample chromatogram [0068] D=Sample weight in gram [0069]
100=Factor for percent conversion
[0070] Corrected % Complexed or % Free in samples=[sum of the % of
all individual fragrance components in sample.times.100]/[sum of
the % of all individual fragrance components in the sec. std.]
[0071] The cyclodextrin complexes may be coated to minimize
premature release/activation. Generally, any material that is
capable of resisting water penetration is suitable. The coating
material may include, for example, hydrocarbons, waxes, petrolatum,
silicones, silicone derivatives, partially or fully esterfied
sucrose esters, and polyglycerol esters. Using petrolatum as an
example, a coating process may include combining cyclodextrin
complexes with petrolatum at a ratio of about 1:1, for example, and
then mixing until the complexes are satisfactorily coated. Another
technique for delaying release or activation of a complexed
fragrance, as contemplated herein, is to combine the fragrance
material with an occlusive ingredient, such as, for example,
coconut oil or petrolatum, before complexing with cyclodextrin. And
the fragrance material and the cyclodextrin-fragrance complex may
both be coated in some instances.
[0072] Coating cyclodextrin-fragrance complexes is one technique
that may permit inclusion of the complexes into polar composition
matrices, such as, for example, deodorant sticks, clear gels, or
clear antiperspirant sticks. That is, antiperspirant/deodorant
products containing water, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, or
other solvent with a C Log P value of less than about 2.
[0073] A scent-releasing system may be employed in the
antiperspirant compositions, wherein the system comprises
cyclodextrin complexing material, as described above, in
combination with other complexing or encapsulating materials known
to the skilled artisan. For example, a scent-releasing system may
be employed comprising a combination of cyclodextrin complexing
material and one or more additional encapsulating materials.
Exemplary encapsulating materials include starches,
oligosaccharides, polyethylenes, polayamides, polystyrenes,
polyisoprenes, polycarbonates, polyesters, polyacrylates, vinyl
polymers, silicas, and aluminosilicates. Commercially available
encapsulating materials N-Lok.TM., manufactured by National Starch,
Narlex.TM. (ST and ST2), and Capsul E.TM. are useful for the
present invention. These materials comprise pregelatinized waxy
maize starch and optionally, glucose. The starch is modified by
adding monofunctional substituted groups such as octenyl succinic
acid anhydride. Accordingly, compositions of the present invention
may include a neat fragrance material, a cyclodextrin-fragrance
complex, and fragrance material encapsulated with materials other
than cyclodextrin, such as those described above. The fragrances of
this three-component scent-releasing system may be the same or
different. Combining different scent-releasing technologies permits
customization of scent expression profiles.
[0074] It should be understood that compostions of the present
invention may optionally employ "unloaded" cyclodextrin particles
to act as a scavenger for malodor. These optional cyclodextrin
particles may or may not have similar properties (or be
manufactured using the same techniques) as the complexes described
above.
IV. FRAGRANCE MATERIAL
[0075] Compositions of the present invention employ at least one
fragrance material that is complexed with the cyclodextrin
complexing material discussed above. A representative,
non-limiting, list of fragrance materials that may be complexed
with the cyclodextrin includes anethole, benzaldehyde, decyl
aldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, benzyl formate, benzyl
propionate, iso-bornyl acetate, camphene, cis-citral (neral),
citronellal, citronellol, citronellyl acetate, paracymene, decanal,
dihydrolinalool, dihydromyrcenol, methyl benzyl carbinyl acetate,
dimethyl benzyl carbinyl acetate, dimethyl phenyl carbinol,
eucalyptol, helional, geranial, geraniol, geranyl acetate, geranyl
nitrile, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, dihydrocitronellal, d-limonene,
linalool, linalool oxide, tetra-hydro linalool, alpha-methyl
ionone, methyl nonyl acetaldehyde, methyl phenyl carbinyl acetate,
laevo-menthyl acetate, menthone, iso-menthone, myrcene, myrcenyl
acetate, myrcenol, nerol, neryl acetate, nonyl acetate, phenyl
ethyl alcohol, phenyl acetaldehyde, alpha-pinene, beta-pinene,
gamma-terpinene, terpineol, alpha-terpineol, beta-terpineol,
terpinyl acetate, vertenex (para-tertiary-butyl cyclohexyl
acetate), gamma-methyl ionone, undecalactone, undecylenic aldehyde,
alpha-damascone, beta-damascone, amyl acetate, lemon oil, orange
oil, and mixtures thereof.
[0076] It may be desirable to include only a single fragrance
material (may include a combination of perfumes or other aromatic
materials) in the antiperspirant composition, and for that
fragrance material to be complexed with cyclodextrin. For these
embodiments, the intent is for the consumer not to perceive (or
only minimally perceive) the fragrance material upon application of
the antiperspirant composition. Such compositions may be marketed
with the following terms: unscented, scent-free, sensitive, and/or
hypoallergenic. During use, perspiration would release the
fragrance material enabling it to be perceived by the consumer.
[0077] On the other hand, it may be desirable to include two or
more fragrance materials in the antiperspirant composition, with at
least one the fragrance materials being complexed with the
cyclodextrin complexing material and at least one other fragrance
material being added as a neat fragrance into the composition. In
these embodiments, it is preferred for the complexed and neat
fragrances to be different from one another. The differences can
include types and numbers of perfumes or other aromatic materials
employed in the individual fragrance materials, the concentration
level, or both.
[0078] The neat or non-complexed fragrance material may include the
materials delineated above, or may include other perfumes/aromatic
materials known to a person of ordinary skill in the art of
creating fragrances. Typical fragrances are described in Arctander,
Perfume and Flavour Chemicals (Aroma Chemicals), Vol. I and II
(1969) and Arctander, Perfume and Flavour Materials of Natural
Origin (1960). U.S. Pat. No. 4,322,308, issued to Hooper et al.,
Mar. 30, 1982 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,304,679, issued to Hooper et al.,
Dec. 8, 1981 disclose suitable fragrance materials including, but
not limited to, volatile phenolic substances (such as iso-amyl
salicylate, benzyl salicylate, and thyme oil red), essence oils
(such as geranium oil, patchouli oil, and petitgrain oil), citrus
oils, extracts and resins (such as benzoin siam resinoid and
opoponax resinoid), "synthetic" oils (such as Bergamot.TM. 37 and
Bergamot.TM. 430, Geranium .TM. 76 and Pomeransol .TM. 314);
aldehydes and ketones (such as B-methyl naphthyl ketone,
p-t-butyl-A-methyl hydrocinnamic aldehyde and p-t-amyl
cyclohexanone), polycyclic compounds (such as coumarin and
beta-naphthyl methyl ether), esters (such as diethyl phthalate,
phenylethyl phenylacetate, non-anolide 1:4).
[0079] Optional neat fragrances also include esters and essential
oils derived from floral materials and fruits, citrus oils,
absolutes, aldehydes, resinoides, musk and other animal notes
(e.g., natural isolates of civet, castoreum and musk), balsamic,
and alcohols (such as dimyrcetol, phenylethyl alcohol and
tetrahydromuguol). For example, the present invention may comprise
fragrances selected from the group consisting of decyl aldehyde,
undecyl aldehyde, undecylenic aldehyde, lauric aldehyde, amyl
cinnamic aldehyde, ethyl methyl phenyl glycidate, methyl nonyl
acetaldehyde, myristic aldehyde, nonalactone, nonyl aldehyde, octyl
aldehyde, undecalactone, hexyl cinnamic aldehyde, benzaldehyde,
vanillin, heliotropine, camphor, para-hydroxy phenolbutanone,
6-acetyl 1,1,3,4,4,6 hexamethyl tetrahydronaphthalene, alpha-methyl
ionone, gamma-methyl ionone, amyl-cyclohexanone, and mixtures
thereof.
[0080] Other suitable fragrances are those which mask or help to
mask odors associated with perspiration (also referred to herein as
odor masking fragrances), some non-limiting examples of which are
described in U.S. Pat. No. 5,554,588, issued to Behan et al., Sep.
10, 1996, U.S. Pat. No. 4,278,658, issued to Hooper et al., Dec. 8,
1981, U.S. Pat. No. 5,501,805, issued to Behan et al., Mar. 26,
1996, and EP Patent Application 684 037 A1, published Nov. 29,
1995, by Gordon et al.
V. SUSPENDING/THICKENING AGENT
[0081] The solid antiperspirant compositions of the present
invention may also comprise thickening agents to help provide the
composition with the desired viscosity, rheology, texture and/or
product hardness, or to otherwise help suspend any dispersed solids
or liquids within the composition. The term "thickening agent" may
include any material known or otherwise effective in providing
suspending, gelling, viscosifying, solidifying or thickening
properties to the composition or which otherwise provide structure
to the final product form. These thickening agents may include
gelling agents, polymeric or nonpolymeric agents, inorganic
thickening agents, or viscosifying agents. The thickening agents
may include organic solids, silicone solids, crystalline or other
gellants, inorganic particulates such as clays or silicas, or
combinations thereof.
[0082] The concentration and type of the thickening agent selected
for use in the antiperspirant composition of the present invention
will vary depending upon the desired product form, viscosity, and
hardness. The thickening agents suitable for use herein, may have a
concentration range from at least about 0.1%, at least about 3%, or
at least about 5% but no more than about 35%, no more than about
20%, or no more than about 10%, by weight of the composition.
[0083] Non-limiting examples of suitable gelling agents of the
present invention include fatty acid gellants, salts of fatty
acids, hydroxyl acids, hydroxyl acid gellants, esters and amides of
fatty acid or hydroxyl fatty acid gellants, cholesterolic
materials, dibenzylidene alditols, lanolinolic materials, fatty
alcohols, triglycerides, sucrose esters such as SEFA behenate,
inorganic materials such as clays or silicas, other amide or
polyamide gellants, and mixtures thereof.
[0084] Suitable gelling agents include fatty acid gellants such as
fatty acid and hydroxyl or alpha hydroxyl fatty acids, having from
about 10 to about 40 carbon atoms, and ester and amides of such
gelling agents. Non-limiting examples of such gelling agents
include, but are not limited to, 12-hydroxystearic acid,
12-hydroxylauric acid, 16-hydroxyhexadecanoic acid, behenic acid,
eurcic acid, stearic acid, caprylic acid, lauric acid, isostearic
acid, and combinations thereof. Preferred gelling agents are
12-hydroxystearic acid, esters of 12-hydroxystearic acid, amides of
12-hydroxystearic acid and combinations thereof.
[0085] Other suitable gelling agents include amide gellants such as
disubstituted or branched monoamide gellants, monsubstituted or
branched diamide gellants, triamide gellants, and combinations
thereof, including n-acyl amino acid derivatives such as n-acyl
amino acid amides, n-acyl amino acid esters prepared from glutamic
acid, lysine, glutamine, aspartic acid, and combinations thereof.
Other suitable amide gelling agents are described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,429,816, issued Jul. 4, 1995, and U.S. Pat. No. 5,840,287, filed
Dec. 20, 1996.
[0086] Still other examples of suitable gelling agents include
fatty alcohols having at least about 8 carbon atoms, at least about
12 carbon atoms but no more than about 40 carbon atoms, no more
than about 30 carbon atoms, or no more than about 18 carbon atoms.
For example, fatty alcohols include but are not limited to cetyl
alcohol, myristyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol and combinations
thereof.
[0087] Non limiting examples of suitable tryiglyceride gellants
include tristearin, hydrogenated vegetable oil, trihydroxysterin
(Thixcin.RTM. R, available from Rheox, Inc.), rape seed oil, castor
wax, fish oils, tripalmitin, Syncrowax.RTM. HRC and Syncrowax.RTM.
HGL-C (Syncrowax.RTM. available from Croda, Inc.).
[0088] Other suitable thickening agents include waxes or wax-like
materials having a melt point of above 65.degree. C., more
typically from about 65.degree. C. to about 130.degree. C.,
examples of which include, but are not limited to, waxes such as
beeswax, carnauba, bayberry, candelilla, montan, ozokerite,
ceresin, hydrogenated castor oil (castor wax), synthetic waxes and
microcrystalline waxes. Castor wax is preferred within this group.
Other high melting point waxes are described in U.S. Pat. No.
4,049,792, Elsnau, issued Sep. 20, 1977.
[0089] Further thickening agents for use in the solid
antiperspirant compositions of the present invention may include
inorganic particulate thickening agents such as clays and colloidal
pyrogenic silica pigments. For example, colloidal pyrogenic silica
pigments such as Cab-O-Sil.RTM., a submicroscopic particulated
pyrogenic silica may be used. Other known or otherwise effective
inorganic particulate thickening agents that are commonly used in
the art can also be used in the solid antiperspirant compositions
of the present invention.
[0090] Suitable clay thickening agents include montmorillonite
clays, examples of which include bentonites, hectorites, and
colloidal magnesium aluminum silicates. These and other suitable
clays may be hydrophobically treated, and when so treated will
generally be used in combination with a clay activator.
Non-limiting examples of suitable clay activators include propylene
carbonate, ethanol, and combinations thereof.
VI. OPTIONAL INGREDIENTS
[0091] The antiperspirant compositions may further comprise one or
more optional components which may modify the physical or chemical
characteristics of the compositions or serve as additional "active"
components when deposited on the skin. Of course, such optional
components may be included provided that they are physically and
chemically compatible and do not otherwise unduly impair product
stability, aesthetics, or performance. Nonlimiting examples of such
optional materials include, but are not limited to, pH buffering
agents, additional malodor controlling agents such as deodorant
actives, fragrance materials, emollients (e.g., glycerin),
humectants, soothing agents, dyes and pigments, medicaments, baking
soda and related materials, preservatives, and soothing agents such
as aloe vera, allantoin, D-panthenol, pantothenic acid derivatives
(e.g., those disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,149), avocado oil and
other vegetative oils, and lichen extract.
[0092] Antioxidants are another class of materials that may
optionally be employed in the antiperspirant compositions of the
present invention. A representative, non-limiting, list of suitable
antioxidants includes amino acids (for example glycine, histidine,
tyrosine, tryptophane) and derivatives thereof, imidazoles (for
example urocanic acid) and derivatives thereof, peptides, such as
D,L-carnosine, D-carnosine, L-carnosine and derivatives thereof
(for example anserine), carotinoids, carotenes (for example
.alpha.-carotene, .beta.-carotene, lycopene) and derivatives
thereof, chlorogenic acid and derivatives thereof, liponic acid and
derivatives thereof (for example dihydroliponic acid),
aurothioglucose, propylthiouracil and other thiols (for example
thioredoxine, glutathione, cysteine, cystine, cystamine and
glycosyl, N-acetyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, amyl, butyl and lauryl,
palmitoyl, oleyl, .gamma.-linoleyl, cholesteryl and glyceryl esters
thereof) and their salts, dilaurylthiodipropionate,
distearylthiodipropionate, thiodipropionic acid and derivatives
thereof (esters, ethers, peptides, lipids, nucleotides, nucleosides
and salts) and sulfoximine compounds (for example butionine
sulfoximines, homocysteine sulfoximine, butionine sulfones, penta-,
hexa-and hepta-thionine sulfoximine) in very small compatible
dosages (for example pmole to .mu.mole/kg), also (metal) chelators
(for example (.alpha.-hydroxy fatty acids, palmitic acid, phytic
acid, lactoferrine), .alpha.-hydroxy acids (for example citric
acid, lactic acid, malic acid), humic acid, bile acid, bile
extracts, bilirubin, biliverdin, EDTA, EGTA and derivatives
thereof, unsaturated fatty acids and derivatives thereof (for
example .gamma.-linolenic acid, linoleic acid, oleic acid), folic
acid and derivatives thereof, ubiquinone and ubiquinol and
derivatives thereof, vitamin C and derivatives thereof (for example
ascorbyl palmitate, Mg ascorbyl phosphate, ascorbyl acetate),
tocopherols and derivatives (for example vitamin E acetate),
vitamin A and derivatives (vitamin A palmitate) and coniferyl
benzoate of benzoin resin, rutinic acid and derivatives thereof,
(.alpha.-glycosyl rutin, ferulic acid, furfurylidene glucitol,
carnosine, butyl hydroxytoluene, butyl hydroxyanisole,
nordihydroguaiac resin acid, nordihydroguaiaretic acid,
trihydroxy-butyrophenone, uric acid and derivatives thereof,
mannose and derivatives thereof, Superoxid-Dismutase, zinc and
derivatives thereof (for example ZnO, ZnSO.sub.4), selenium and
derivatives thereof (for example selenium methionine), stilbenes
and derivatives thereof (for example stilbene oxide, trans-stilbene
oxide) and derivatives of these active substances suitable for the
purposes of the invention (salts, esters, ethers, sugars,
nucleotides, nucleosides, peptides and lipids).
VII. RESIDUE GRADE
[0093] The antiperspirant compositions of the present invention may
optionally be formulated to provide low residue performance. These
compositions may have a Residue Grade of less than about 50, than
about 40, or less than about 35. In this context, the Residue Grade
is an indirect measure of the visible residue that is likely to
remain on the skin after topical application of the antiperspirant
composition.
[0094] The Residue Grade is determined by the Naugahyde Method. In
accordance with this method, a piece of commercial, black, dull
finished, small grained vinyl (Boltaflex vinyl upholstery, Prefixx
protective finish, Mfr. GenCorp Polymer Products) cut to a 10
cm.times.15 cm rectangular strip is placed on a horizontal
platform. Each corner of the vinyl strip is then secured with a
small binder clip after the material has been slightly stretched to
create a smooth surface. A antiperspirant composition under ambient
conditions (for at least 24 hours prior to testing) is trimmed flat
across the top of the container and placed on a balance which is
then tared to 0.00 grams in order to determine the mass of product
to be applied to the vinyl. The antiperspirant composition
contained within and partially extending out 0.5 cm from a
conventional antiperspirant package (5.2 cm.times.2.7 cm
topographically oval package) is positioned perpendicular to and
above the positioned vinyl by securing the container onto a movable
mechanical arm, such that the flat, trimmed surface of the secured
product extends out of the package and is facing parallel to the
horizontally positioned vinyl. The antiperspirant composition is
then slowly moved vertically toward the vinyl sample until the
flat, trimmed surface of the product rests upon the far left area
of the positioned vinyl. A weight is placed on the product sample
so that the entire flat, trimmed surface of the product uniformly
contacts the positioned vinyl during testing. The applied weight is
selected so as to provide 45.3 grams/cm.sup.2 to the trimmed
surface of the product sample, e.g., 500 gram weight applied to an
oval 5.2 cm.times.2.7 cm trimmed surface area. The weighted sample
is then manually moved repeatedly back and forth across the entire
length of the piece of vinyl at a rate of one stroke per second
(one stroke equals one left to right movement or one right to left
movement), until 0.20 gm..+-.0.02 gm. of product has been evenly
applied over 15.24 cm.times.5.08 cm area of the black vinyl (0.0026
grams of product per cm.sup.2 of the black vinyl surface). The
product sample is then removed from the mechanical arm piece and
weighed. The vinyl is then unclipped and carefully removed from the
platform and dried down for 6 hours.
[0095] A calibrated Minolta CR-300 Chroma Meter (available from
Minolta Corp., Ramsey, N.J., USA) is then used to measure the
L-value (on the L, a, b color scale) of each of the applied vinyl
surfaces. For each of the applied vinyl surfaces, twelve random,
non-overlapping areas of the applied surface are measured for
L-values by the Chroma Meter with its clear plastic view port
removed to allow direct placement of the Meter port onto the vinyl
so that the meter port is positioned over but without touching the
applied vinyl surface. An average L-value is then determined for
the twelve measurements which then corresponds to the Residue Grade
as described herein.
[0096] Incorporating emollients having a relatively high refractive
index (e.g., 1.4460 or higher) is one technique for reducing
residue/whitening effects of antiperspirant compositions. Exemplary
non-volatile, non-silicone emollient materials falling within this
category include isostearyl isostearate, glycereth-7-benzoate,
C12-C15 alkyl benzoate, octyldodecyl benzoate, isostearyl lactate,
isostearyl palmitate, benzyl laurate, laureth 4, laureth 7, oleth
2, PEG 4, PEG 12, PPG 2 ceteareth 9, PPG 2 isodeceth 12, PPG 5
butyl ether, PPG 14 butyl ether, PPG 15 butyl ether, PPG 53 butyl
ether, octyldodecanol, and polydecene. Exemplary, non-volatile
silicone emollient materials include phenyltrimethicone and
dimethicone copolyol. Mixtures of the above emollient materials may
also be employed.
VIII. METHOD OF MERCHANDISING ANTIPERSPIRANT COMPOSITIONS
[0097] The present invention is also directed to methods of
merchandising consumer products, including, but not limited to,
antiperspirant/deodorant products. The methods can be employed to
market a single product or an array of products. The methods
generally comprise the step of communicating a comparison between
at least two different products. Such comparisons can relate to
product attributes (negative and/or positive), targeted uses,
product "side effects", and efficacy. For example, comparisons
between two different antiperspirant products may relate to
performance, scent, fragrance, efficacy (e.g., wetness protection
and/or odor control), skin feel, residue, and/or skin irritation.
The information contained in the comparison is unlimited, but
preferably (although not required) should include an identification
of the consumer care product along with trigger words such, as
"compare to" or "compare with" followed by at least a portion of
the brand name (or other recognizable identifier) of the
comparative product. Comparisons may be made via packaging,
advertisements, brochures, product displays, and coupons, for
example.
[0098] In accordance with one of the preferred embodiments, there
has now been provided a method of merchandising antiperspirant
products comprising the step of communicating a comparison to
perspective buyers between a first antiperspirant/deodorant
composition comprising cyclodextrin-fragrance complexes and a
second antiperspirant/deodorant composition comprising corn starch
or other encapsulating technology that is different than
cyclodextrin complexing material.
IX. EXAMPLES
[0099] The following examples further describe and demonstrate
embodiments within the scope of the present invention. The examples
are given solely for the purpose of illustration and are not to be
construed as limitations of the present invention as many
variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit
and scope of the invention.
Examples 1 and 2
Invisible Solid Antiperspirant Sticks
TABLE-US-00004 [0100] Ingredient Example 1, wt % Example 2, wt %
Cyclopentasiloxane Quantity Sufficient Quantity Sufficient Al Zr
Trichlorohydrex 14.50 17.50 Glycinate PPG-14 Butyl Ether 8.00 0
Isopropyl Palmitate 0 10.00 Mineral Oil 0 2.00 Stearyl Alcohol
12.00 12.00 C12 C15 Alkyl Benzoate 5.00 0 Spray Dried Cyclodextrin
3.00 2.54 Fragrance Complex Castor Wax 2.50 2.50 Neat Perfume 1.25
1.25 Fumed Silica 0.60 0.60
Examples 1 and 2 can be made as follows: combine the waxes (Castor
Wax, Stearyl alcohol) with the emollients in a suitable container
and heat the mixture while stirring to 75.degree. C. Next, add the
powders (antiperspirant active, beta cyclodextrin fragrance
complex, and silica) and mix. The mixture can then be homogenized
with a dispersator to fully disperse the powders. Add the neat
perfume and then cool the mixture to about 60.degree. C. Lastly,
pour the cooled mixture into antiperspirant canisters.
[0101] The dimensions and values disclosed herein are not to be
understood as being strictly limited to the exact numerical values
recited. Instead, unless otherwise specified, each such dimension
is intended to mean both the recited value and a functionally
equivalent range surrounding that value. For example, a dimension
disclosed as "40 mm" is intended to mean "about 40 mm".
[0102] All documents cited in the Detailed Description of the
Invention are, in relevant part, incorporated herein by reference;
the citation of any document is not to be construed as an admission
that it is prior art with respect to the present invention. To the
extent that any meaning or definition of a term in this document
conflicts with any meaning or definition of the same term in a
document incorporated by reference, the meaning or definition
assigned to that term in this document shall govern.
[0103] While particular embodiments of the present invention have
been illustrated and described, it would be obvious to those
skilled in the art that various other changes and modifications can
be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention. It is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims
all such changes and modifications that are within the scope of
this invention.
* * * * *