U.S. patent application number 11/910374 was filed with the patent office on 2008-09-04 for shear connector for connecting at least two components and system of interconnected components.
This patent application is currently assigned to INDUO GESELLSCHAFT ZURVERWETUNG VON SCHULTZRECHTEN MBH & CO. KG. Invention is credited to Sigrun Von Morze-Reichartz.
Application Number | 20080213040 11/910374 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36599101 |
Filed Date | 2008-09-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080213040 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Morze-Reichartz; Sigrun
Von |
September 4, 2008 |
Shear Connector for Connecting at Least Two Components and System
of Interconnected Components
Abstract
The invention relates to a shear connector (4) for connecting at
least two components (1, 2, 3), said connector having a number of
pins (6). The shear connector (4) is embedded at least partially
and preferably completely in one of the components (2, 3) and the
pins (6) of the shear connector (4) engage in corresponding
cavities in the component (2, 3) that carries the shear connector
(4). To improve the ease of assembly, the shear connector (4) is
configured in at least two sections and is provided with elements
(10) or co-operates with elements that are used to interconnect the
two or more sections (4a, 4b) of the shear connector (4). The
invention also relates to a system of interconnected
components.
Inventors: |
Morze-Reichartz; Sigrun Von;
(Korschenbroich, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CONNOLLY BOVE LODGE & HUTZ LLP
1875 EYE STREET, N.W., SUITE 1100
WASHINGTON
DC
20036
US
|
Assignee: |
INDUO GESELLSCHAFT ZURVERWETUNG VON
SCHULTZRECHTEN MBH & CO. KG
KORSCHENBROICH
DE
|
Family ID: |
36599101 |
Appl. No.: |
11/910374 |
Filed: |
March 25, 2006 |
PCT Filed: |
March 25, 2006 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP2006/002747 |
371 Date: |
October 1, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
403/381 ;
52/282.4 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 3/18 20130101; F16B
2200/30 20180801; E04B 1/2612 20130101; E04B 2001/2664 20130101;
E04C 3/14 20130101; E04B 1/2604 20130101; E04B 2001/2636 20130101;
F16B 5/0052 20130101; F16B 7/22 20130101; E04B 2001/2632
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
403/381 ;
52/282.4 |
International
Class: |
E04B 1/26 20060101
E04B001/26; E04C 3/14 20060101 E04C003/14; E04C 3/18 20060101
E04C003/18 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 1, 2005 |
DE |
10 2005 014 900.6 |
Claims
1. A shear connector (4) adapted for interconnecting at least two
structural components (1, 2, 3), which connector has a number of
mandrels (6) and is embedded at least partially, but preferably
completely in one of said components, the mandrels (6) of the shear
connector (4) engaging corresponding recesses in said component (1,
2, 3), characterized in that said shear connector (4) is formed of
at least two parts and is equipped with means (10, 18, 19, 20) or
is able to co-operate with the latter, by which means the at least
two parts (4a, 4b) can be interconnected.
2. A shear connector according to claim 1, characterized in that
the interconnecting means (10) are adapted for bringing about a
positive and/or non-positive joint.
3. A shear connector according to claims 1 or 2, characterized in
that the shear connector (4) is separated along a plane comprising
its longitudinal axis (L).
4. A shear connector according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the interconnecting means (10) are formed as
a groove and tongue system (11, 12) having at least one undercut,
wherein each part of the shear connector (4a, 4b) has one part of
the groove and tongue system (11, 12).
5. A shear connector according to claim 4, characterized in that
the groove and tongue system (10, 11) is composed of at least one
dovetail-shaped groove (11) and a correspondingly shaped tongue
(12).
6. A shear connector according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in
that the groove and tongue system (11, 12) extends in the direction
of the longitudinal axis (L) of the shear connector (4).
7. A shear connector as claimed 6, characterized in that one single
groove and tongue system (11, 12) is arranged on the parts (4a, 4b)
of the shear connector (4).
8. A shear connector according to claims 4 or 5, characterized in
that the groove and tongue system (11, 12) extends in a direction
(Q) transverse to the longitudinal axis (L) of the shear connector
(4).
9. A shear connector according to claim 8, characterized in that at
least two groove and tongue systems (11, 12) are arranged on the
parts (4a, 4b) of the shear connector (4).
10. A shear connector according to any one of claims 4 to 9,
characterized in that the groove and tongue system (11, 12) has a
width altering in the direction of insertion (E).
11. A shear connector according to claim 10, characterized in that
the groove and tongue system (11, 12) extends conically in the
direction of insertion (E) of the tongue (12) into the groove
(11).
12. A shear connector according to claim 11, characterized in that
the angle of the cone (.alpha.) is between 0.5.degree. and
5.degree., preferably between 1.degree. and 3.degree..
13. A shear connector according to any one of claims 4 to 12,
characterized in that the groove (11) and/or the tongue (12) of the
groove and tongue system (11, 12) has/have an insertion bevelling
(13, 14) in one end region thereof.
14. A shear connector according to any one of claims 1 to 3,
characterized in that the interconnecting means (10) have at least
one pin-shaped interconnecting element (18, 19, 20) which is
adapted to be inserted into one bore (15, 16, 17), each, in each
one of the parts (4a, 4b) of the shear connector (4), wherein the
axis of the bore (15, 16, 17) includes an angle with the
longitudinal axis (L) of the shear connector (4).
15. A shear connector according to claim 14, characterized in that
the angle between the axis of the bore and the longitudinal axis
(L) of the shear connector (4) is 15.degree. to 80.degree.,
preferably 30.degree. to 60.degree..
16. A shear connector according to claims 14 or 15, characterized
in that the pin-shaped interconnecting element (18, 19, 20) is
formed as a conical pin and that the bores (15, 16, 17) have a
shape corresponding to the outer contour of the pin.
17. A shear connector according to any one of claims 1 to 16,
characterized in that each part (4a, 4b) of the shear connector (4)
has, when seen in a section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
(L) of the shear connector (4), a triangular outer contour.
18. A shear connector adapted for interconnecting at least two
structural components (1, 2, 3), which connector has a number of
mandrels (6) and is embedded at least partially, but preferably
completely in one of said structural components (1, 2, 3), wherein
the mandrels (6) of the shear connector (4) engage corresponding
recesses in the structural component (1, 2, 3) and wherein the
shear connector (4) has a bore (23) passing therethrough along its
longitudinal axis (L), in particular according to any one of claims
1 to 17, characterized in that the bore (23) is provided with a
thread (24) in one of its end regions.
19. A shear connector according to claim 18, characterized in that
the core diameter of the thread (24) is smaller than the diameter
of the bore (23).
20. A shear connector according to claims 18 or 19, characterized
in that the thread (24) extends over at most 50% of the total
length of the shear connector (4).
21. A shear connector according to claim 20, characterized in that
the thread (24) extends over at most 33%, preferably over at most
25% of the total length of the shear connector (4).
22. A shear connector adapted for interconnecting at least two
structural components (1, 2, 3), which connector has a number of
mandrels (6) and is embedded in one of the structural components
(1, 2, 3), preferably only partially, wherein the mandrels (6) of
the shear connector (4) engage corresponding recesses in the
structural component (1, 2, 3), in particular according to any one
of claims 1 to 21, characterized in that at least one retaining
section (25, 27) of plane-shape is arranged on the shear connector
(4).
23. A shear connector according to claim 22, characterized in that
at least one retaining section (25), each, of plane-shape is
arranged on both sides of the longitudinal axis (L) of the shear
connector (4).
24. A shear connector according to claim 23, characterized in that
the at least two retaining sections (25) of plane-shape lie in a
common plane.
25. A shear connector according to claim 24, characterized in that
mandrels (6) are only arranged on the shear connector (4) in a
partial space confined by the plane.
26. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 25,
characterized in that the plane-shaped retaining section (27) is
arranged on the shear connector (4) such that the normal (N) of its
surface extends parallely to the longitudinal axis (L) of the shear
connector (4) or includes an angle of less than 45.degree.
therewith.
27. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 26,
characterized in that the plane-shaped retaining section (27) is
arranged in an axial end region of the shear connector (4).
28. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 26,
characterized in that the plane-shaped retaining section (27) is
arranged on the shear connector (4) adapted to be adjustable in the
direction of the longitudinal axis (L) thereof.
29. A shear connector according to any one of claims 26 to 28,
characterized in that mandrels (6) are only arranged on one side of
the plane of symmetry of the shear connector (4).
30. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 29,
characterized in that the shear connector (4), when seen in a
section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis (L), has a
triangular outer contour.
31. A shear connector according to claim 30, characterized in that
mandrels (6) preferably extending parallely to each other, are only
provided on the two smaller lateral surfaces of the shear connector
(4).
32. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 31,
characterized in that the at least one plane-shaped retaining
section (25, 27) and the shear connector (4) are moulded in one
piece.
33. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 31,
characterized in that the at least one plane-shaped retaining
section (25, 27) is welded to the shear connector (4).
34. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 31,
characterized in that the at least one plane-shaped retaining
section (25, 27) is soldered to the shear connector (4).
35. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 31,
characterized in that the at least one plane-shaped retaining
section (25, 27) is screwed-on to the shear connector (4).
36. A shear connector according to any one of claims 22 to 31,
characterized in that the at least one plane-shaped retaining
section (25, 27) is glued to the shear connector (4).
37. A system of structural components (1, 2, 3) interconnected with
each other, in particular a supporting framework system, having a
first structural component (2) in which at least one shear
connector (4) provided with mandrels (6) is embedded, wherein the
mandrels (6) engage in the first structural element (2), and having
at least one further structural component (3), characterized in
that the shear connector (4) has a bore (23) passing therethrough
along its longitudinal axis (L), in which bore a pole-shaped
fastening element (30), in particular a tube is inserted, which
element is adapted to be fixed in the direction of its longitudinal
axis relatively to the shear connector (4) and relatively to the
further structural element (3) and/or to a further shear connector
(4).
38. A system according to claim 37, characterized in that the axial
fixing of the pole-shaped fastening element (30) occurs relatively
to the shear connector (4) and/or relatively to the further
structural element (2) and/or relatively to a further shear
connector (4), by means of at least one fastening pin (31) which
passes at least partially through the structural component (2)
and/or the pole-shaped fastening element (30) and/or the shear
connector (4) and/or the further structural element (1, 2).
39. A system according to claim 38, characterized in that the
fastening pin (31) passes through the structural component (2)
and/or the pole-shaped fastening element (30) and/or the shear
connector (4) and/or the further structural component (1, 2)
perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the pole-shaped
fastening element (30).
40. A system according to any one of claims 37 to 39, characterized
in that one shear connector (4), each, is arranged in one
structural component (2, 3), each, wherein a further structural
component (1) is arranged between said two structural components
(2, 3) and wherein the pole-shaped fastening element (30) passes
through both shear connectors (4) and said further structural
component (1) (FIG. 22, 23).
41. A system according to claim 40, characterized in that the
pole-shaped fastening element (30) projects axially beyond the
shear connector (4).
42. A system according to claim 41, characterized in that one
fastening pin (31), each, is arranged directly on the outwardly
extending end of each shear connector (4).
43. A system according to any one of claims 38 to 42, characterized
in that the fastening pin (31) is a steel pin.
44. A system according to any one of claims 38 to 43, characterized
in that each fastening pin (31) has a diameter of between 3 mm and
10 mm, preferably a diameter of between 5 mm and 7 mm.
45. A system according to any one of claims 38 to 44, characterized
in that each fastening pin (31), at one axial end thereof, is
equipped with a chamfer or a point.
46. A system according to any one of claims 37 to 45, characterized
in that at least two structural components (1, 2, 3) are arranged
in one plane.
47. A system according to any one of claims 37 to 46, characterized
in that at least one of the structural components (1, 2, 3) is a
cross beam.
Description
1. PRIOR ART
[0001] The invention concerns a shear connector adapted for
interconnecting at least two structural components, which connector
has a number of mandrels and is embedded at least partially, but
preferably completely in one of the structural components, wherein
the mandrel of the shear connector engages corresponding recesses
in the structural components. Furthermore the invention concerns a
system of structural components interconnected with each other.
[0002] A shear connector of this type, which is used for producing
for example a supporting framework structure, as well as a system
of interconnected structural components are known from DE 197 01
458 C1.
[0003] Frameworks produced in this manner are appropriate for
various fields of use. They are used in the construction of
buildings as well as in exposition and stage construction or for
example in the construction of roller coasters. The system
comprised of shear connectors and the cooperating structural
components is designed such that the static and dynamic loads
affecting the framework can be absorbed. Apart from the stability
of the individual beams, girders and supports it is particularly
important that the occurring forces can be transmitted securely at
the nodal points of interconnected beams or supports.
[0004] A further aspect of such systems concerns their economic
efficiency, which means that they may be produced and assembled in
a simple and cost-saving manner. In many cases it is also desirable
that the interconnecting system imparts an agreeable aesthetic
impression.
[0005] A typical example of the presently concerned constructions
is wooden structural engineering wherein beams or similar
supporting components or elements are interconnected to form stable
wall, floor and/or roof frameworks. In this context various
material combinations are used, i.e. the material wood may be
combined with concrete, for example as filling material, but also
with plastics or metal components. Regarding the material wood
solid wood glulams and other wooden materials may be concerned with
the solid woods being particularly designed in the form of
logwoods, beams, square-shaped timber, shelves and crossbeams,
which in relation to the sizes of their cross sections are able to
absorb and to transmit relatively high forces. As a "crossbeam" a
beam is to be understood which is formed by longitudinally
partitioning one or several tree trunks and turning the partitioned
pieces about their longitudinal axis as well as by subsequently
interconnecting these parts to form a new beam, wherein an opening
extending essentially centrally along the crossbeam results from
the arched faces then lying on the inside and originally forming
the outer portions of the tree or trees, respectively.
[0006] Interconnecting facilities have been developed in manifold
manner and introduced in practice, in particular in the region of
the ends of these structural elements. Purely by way of example
some known facilities should be mentioned, for example dowels
combined with bolts and additional screw nails, driven-in
transversely to the longitudinal axis of the beam in the region of
groove and tongue connections, or nail attachments with butt or
cover plates, or studs with transversely extending hardwood dowels
or embedded T-steel with rod-shaped dowels, or pegs, in particular
shearing pegs etc. It is known that frontal connections may well
also be obtained by a so-called beam joint, wherein the beam sides
are provided with support elements for transmitting forces on both
sides in the region of their ends by means of transversely
extending dowels of particular structure.
[0007] From the already mentioned DE 197 01 458 C1 a
wood-construction interconnecting facility is known for frontal
joining of a crossbeam. This includes a shear connector which is
embedded in at least one region of an opening extending within the
cross beam over its total length in such manner that it is offset
backwardly with its outer end with respect to the frontal face of
the beam. The shear connector has a rod-shaped core with mandrels
sticking out, and an attachment facility on at least one of the
core ends.
[0008] With this wood joint it is possible to provide an optically
appealing frontal joint of a cross beam with another structural
component involving a minimum number of structural elements, only,
at low assembling effort. However, it is not immediately possible
to erect a complete framework with this known wood joint because
this is primarily designed for the frontal side application in a
cross beam.
[0009] From DE 100 29 343 C2 a similar interconnection system is
known for beam-shaped structural components, wherein provision is
made that the shear connector is equipped with a continuous opening
adapted to receive a joining means to extend there through in a
manner to be freely movable in the longitudinal direction, and
engages a counterpart which has been embedded in a structural
component. Thereby it is accomplished to mount the beam provided
with a shear connector on any connecting components or elements in
a simple and thus also cost-efficient manner.
[0010] DE 203 06 942 U1 also applies shear connectors of the
species concerned for producing an interconnection of several
structural components. In order to be able to manufacture a
plurality of varying nodal points with few parts, only, at the same
time aiming at a simple assembling facility, provision is made
herein that the shear connector has, apart from the interconnecting
option for the first structural component, at least an
interconnecting option for a further structural component which is
aligned in a direction oblique or transverse to the first
structural component and co-operates with an interconnecting option
of the other structural component via an opening in the first
structural component.
[0011] Even though simple and optically appealing interconnections
of structural components or elements can be achieved with the
already known solutions cases of application have become known in
which, while using the mentioned shear connectors, it is desirable
that the assembling effort be further reduced. Furthermore it
appears to be advantageous in some cases of application to be able
to enhance the ability of transmitting forces. Moreover it appears
to be desirable to amplify the spectrum of application of the
interconnecting system beyond the known structural elements and
thus to make it suitable for other structural elements.
2 SOLUTION ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION
[0012] The invention is thus based on the problem to develop
further a shear connector of the type initially mentioned and a
system of interconnected structural components, respectively, such
that an amplified spectrum of application results and/or enhanced
application options may be obtained. In particular, the assembly is
to be simplified and higher forces are to be transmitted through
the connection of the structural components. Furthermore, the
system should be adapted to be distinguished by an appealing
optical appearance.
[0013] This problem is solved by way of a shear connector having
the features of claim 1, and by a system having the features of
claim 37. Through the design according to the invention
particularly simplified assembling options will result.
[0014] According to a further development the connecting means are
appropriate for forming a positive and/or non-positive joint.
Therein, the shear connector is preferably partitioned along a
plane containing its longitudinal axis.
[0015] A groove and tongue system having an undercut may be
provided as means for connecting the at least two parts of the
shear connector, wherein each part of the shear connector comprises
one part of the groove and tongue system. In this context a groove
of dovetail-shape and a correspondingly shaped tongue have proved
of value as the groove and tongue system. The groove and tongue
system may extend in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the
shear connector. In this case preferably only one single groove and
tongue system may be arranged on the parts of the shear connector.
However, it is also an option that the groove and tongue system
should extend in a direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of
the shear connector. In this case particularly two groove and
tongue systems on the parts of each shear connector have proved to
be advantageous.
[0016] The groove and tongue system may, when seen in the direction
of insertion of the tongue into the groove, have an altering width.
In particular, it is contemplated in this context that the groove
and tongue system has, when seen in the direction of insertion of
the tongue into the groove, a tapering extension. The angle of
tapering may advantageously be between 0.5.degree. and 5.degree.,
and it is of particular advantage if it is between 1.degree. and
3.degree..
[0017] The insertion of the one part of the groove and tongue
system into the other one may be simplified in that the groove
and/or the tongue has/have a chamfer of insertion in one of their
end regions.
[0018] The connecting means may, according to an alternative
embodiment of the invention, have a pin-shaped connecting element
which is adapted to be inserted into one bore, each, in each one of
the parts of the shear connector, wherein the axis of the bore
forms an angle with the longitudinal axis of the shear connector.
The angle between the axis of the bore and the longitudinal axis of
the shear connector preferably is between 15.degree. and
80.degree., in particular between 30.degree. to 60.degree.. It is
also impossible to align the bores transversely to the longitudinal
axis of the shear connector.
[0019] The pin-shaped connecting element may be designed as a
conical pin, and the bores within the parts of the shear connector
may have a shape corresponding to the outer contour of the pin.
[0020] Each part of the shear connector may have, when seen in a
section perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the shear
connector, a triangularly-shaped outer contour such that two
composed parts result in a shear connector which has a square or
lozenge-shaped cross-sectional face.
[0021] An alternative embodiment of the invention aims at a shear
connector which has a bore passing therethrough along its
longitudinal axis. It is possible to obtain a more stable and solid
connection between the shear connector and the structural
components to be connected if the bore is provided with a thread in
one of its end regions.
[0022] In this context the core diameter of the thread may
preferably be smaller than the diameter of the bore. The length of
the thread in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the shear
connector preferably extends over no more than 50% of the total
length of the shear connector; most preferably the longitudinal
extension of the thread will be only up to maximally 33%, in
particular up to 25% at the maximum of the total length of the
shear connector.
[0023] In order to obtain an enhanced facility of fixing the shear
connector or the structural component there is provided, according
to a further alternative embodiment, a shear connector on which
there is arranged at least one plane-shaped retaining section.
[0024] At least one plane-shaped retaining section may be arranged
on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the shear connector. It
is also possible that the at least two plane-shaped retaining
sections lie within a mutual plane.
[0025] In context with such design of the shear connector it is
made possible to do without a complete embedding of the shear
connector within the structural component. In fact, the mandrels
may only project in one direction into corresponding recesses
within the structural component and the shear connector may be
fixed by means of the plane-shaped retaining sections, for example
by means of screws on one outside of the structural component, with
the screws passing through bores in the plane-shaped retaining
sections. Therefore, a preferred embodiment of the invention
provides that mandrels are only arranged on the shear connector
within a partial space confined by the aforementioned plane.
[0026] Another embodiment provides that the plane-shaped retaining
section is arranged on the shear connector such that its normal of
the surface extends parallely of the longitudinal axis of the shear
connector or that it includes an angle of less than 45.degree.
therewith.
[0027] In particular, the plane-shaped retaining section can be
arranged in an axial end region of the shear connector, and
according to an alternative embodiment thereof it may well be
arranged thereon adapted to be adjustable in the direction of the
longitudinal axis of the shear connector. Also in this case
provision may be made that the mandrels are only arranged on one
side of the shear connector.
[0028] Regarding the cross sectional shape of this one-piece shear
connector there is preferably provided that it has, when seen in a
section perpendicular to its longitudinal axis, a triangular outer
contour, wherein the parallely extending mandrels are expediently
only provided on both of the smaller lateral faces of the shear
connector.
[0029] The at least one plane-shaped retaining section and the
shear connector may be moulded in one piece. Alternatively,
however, it is also possible that the at least one plane-shaped
retaining section is welded, soldered, screwed and/or glued to the
shear connector.
[0030] The system of interconnected structural components according
to the invention, i.e. the supporting framework system, comprises a
first structural component in which the at least one shear
connector provided with mandrels is embedded, wherein the mandrels
engage the first structural component as well as at least one
further structural component. The proposal according to the
invention aims at the shear connector having a bore passing
therethrough along its longitudinal axis, in which bore a pole- or
rod-shaped retaining element, in particular a tube can be inserted,
wherein the pole- or rod-shaped retaining element can be fixed in
the direction of its longitudinal axis with respect to the shear
connector and relative to the further structural component and/or
to a further shear connector.
[0031] According to an embodiment it is provided that the axial
fixing of the pole-shaped retaining element occurs relatively to
the shear connector and/or relatively to the further structural
component and/or relatively to a further shear connector by means
of at least one retaining pin which passes at least partially
through the structural component and/or the pole-shaped retaining
element and/or the shear connector and/or the further structural
component.
[0032] Therein the retaining pin preferably passes through the
structural component and/or the pole-shaped retaining element
and/or the shear connector and/or the further structural component
in a perpendicular direction regarding the longitudinal axis of the
pole-shaped retaining element.
[0033] According to a particularly advantageous embodiment one
shear connector, each, is arranged in one structural component,
each, wherein a further structural component is arranged between
both structural elements, and the pole-shaped retaining element
passes through both shear connectors and the further structural
component.
[0034] The pole-shaped retaining element may project axially beyond
the shear connector. Furthermore, one retaining pin each may be
arranged directly on the shear connector's axial end facing away
from the other shear connector.
[0035] The retaining pin may be a pin made from steel and have a
diameter of between 3 mm and 10 mm, preferably a diameter of
between 5 mm and 7 mm. Furthermore the assembling of the system may
be facilitated if the retaining pin has a chamfer or point at one
of its axial ends.
[0036] There may be at least two structural components arranged in
a mutual plane. Furthermore, at least one of the structural
elements may be a cross beam.
[0037] In terms of the invention structural components are
particularly elements of a supporting framework which can be loaded
or stressed with regard to deflection, torsion, tension or
pressure, such as for example props, poles, posts, beams, cross
bars or rods, but also elements to be connected to a support or a
framework as in particular brackets for objects or apparatuses to
be fixed to a carrier.
[0038] In particular, the suggestion according to the invention may
be applied to a wind resistant bracing connection (design of the
roof beams of a roof structure).
[0039] Regarding the known solutions the suggestion according to
the invention has various advantages:
[0040] It is easier and simpler to perform the assembling of the
system when applying a partitioned shear connector. In some cases
of application the assembly may thus be simplified quite
remarkably, and it is possible to create new options of
assembling.
[0041] Torques and forces may be transmitted to a larger degree
between the structural component and the shear connector. The
material stress is reduced particularly regarding the shear
connector, and it is also possible to reduce stress peaks.
[0042] Pure steel-steel-joints are made possible which brings about
high-tensile connecting facilities.
[0043] The expenditure for producing the required structural
components (by milling, drilling, saw-cutting etc.) becomes
smaller, and thus the system is made more cost-efficient.
[0044] Steel components, which have hitherto been applied in wood
constructions from time to time, may be dispensed with.
[0045] Also, the expenditure for static and constructional
calculations is reduced remarkably, whereby advantages in the field
of design are accomplished.
[0046] The invention will be explained in greater detail in the
following referring to the drawings, which in each case show
preferred examples of embodiment of the suggestions according to
the invention. There is shown in:
[0047] FIG. 1 a perspective representation of three structural
components interconnected by means of two shear connectors;
[0048] FIG. 2a, 2b perspective representations of the two parts of
a shear connector having a groove and tongue system for
interconnecting the two parts;
[0049] FIG. 3a, 3b perspective representations of both parts of a
shear connector having a groove and tongue system for
interconnecting the two parts in an alternative manner regarding
FIG. 2;
[0050] FIG. 4 a perspective view of the two parts of a shear
connector in a state in which they are not yet interconnected;
[0051] FIG. 5 a representation of interconnected shear connector
parts analogous to FIG. 4;
[0052] FIG. 6 a side view of one of the parts of the shear
connector;
[0053] FIG. 7 a side view of the other part of the shear
connector;
[0054] FIG. 8 a front view regarding FIG. 6;
[0055] FIG. 9 a front view regarding FIG. 7;
[0056] FIG. 10 a perspective view of the two parts of the shear
connector not yet interconnected, and of connecting pins;
[0057] FIG. 11 a perspective view of a shear connector having a
through boring including a female thread;
[0058] FIG. 12 a sectional side view of the shear connector
according to FIG. 11;
[0059] FIG. 13 a perspective view of a shear connector having
plane-shaped connecting sections;
[0060] FIG. 14 a front view of the shear connector of FIG. 13;
[0061] FIG. 15 a plan view of the shear connector of FIG. 13;
[0062] FIG. 16 another perspective view of the shear connector
according to FIG. 13;
[0063] FIG. 17 a perspective view of a shear connector having a
plane-shaped connecting section arranged frontally;
[0064] FIG. 18 the shear connector according to FIG. 17 when viewed
from another direction;
[0065] FIG. 19 a perspective view of a shear connector forming an
alternative embodiment with respect to FIG. 17;
[0066] FIG. 20 a perspective view of the shear connector according
to FIG. 17 in an assembling state;
[0067] FIG. 21 an exploded view of three structural components and
of the members provided for their interconnection;
[0068] FIG. 22 a perspective view of the arrangement of FIG. 21 in
a state already assembled to a large extent;
[0069] FIG. 23 a perspective view of an alternative embodiment in
relation to FIG. 22 in a state of completed assembly.
[0070] FIG. 1 represents a structure comprising three structural
components or elements 1, 2, 3, which are firmly interconnected via
a shear connector system. The structural component 1 is a one-piece
wooden beam having a transverse bore. The other two structural
components 2 and 3 are, however, designed as beams separated by a
longitudinal cut, i.e. they are comprised of partial components 2a,
2b and 3a, 3b, respectively.
[0071] In each partial component 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b recesses have been
incorporated so that a shear connector 4, 5, respectively, may be
received. Each shear connector 4, 5 has mandrels 6 which engage
bores in the partial components 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b of the structural
components 2, 3. After the shear connector 4, 5 has been introduced
into the recesses in the partial component 2a, 3a, respectively,
the partial components 2a, 2b and 3a, 3b, respectively, are
interconnected, for example stuck or glued to each other so that
the shear connector 4, 5 is firmly arranged within the structural
components 2, 3.
[0072] In the present case both shear connectors 4, 5 are provided
with a longitudinal bore. Before interconnecting the partial
components 2a and 2b a fastening screw 7 has been inserted. With
its head 8 this screw abuts the axial end of the shear connector 4
and passes through the shear connector 4 as well as through the
structural component 1 and the shear connector 5 in order to engage
a thread (not shown) within the shear connector 5.
[0073] If the screw 7 is then tightened via an opening 9 by means
of an angular tool a firm connection is produced between the three
structural components 1, 2, 3.
[0074] This structural principle is principally known in prior
art.
[0075] In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, however, it is new
that the shear connector 4 represented in the left hand portion of
the figure has a standard design whereas the shear connector 5
represented in the right hand portion has a bore which has been
partially provided with an inside thread (see below).
[0076] The structural concept drafted in FIG. 1 may be used in
structural elements of any type. It may, for example, be used with
cross beams or in a cross bracing connection and in other manifold
embodiments.
[0077] In order to facilitate the assembling of the system there is
an advantageous solution as has been drafted in FIGS. 2a and 2b. As
may be taken therefrom a shear connector 4, formed by two pieces,
is provided, i.e. the shear connector 4 is comprised by a part or
component 4a and a part or component 4b. It has been indicated how
the mandrels 6 engage recesses in two partial components 2a and 2b.
On their sides facing each other in the assembled state, the two
parts 4a, 4b of the shear connector 4 are provided with a means 10
for positive and non-positive interconnecting of the two parts with
each other, namely with one component each of a groove and tongue
system, respectively.
[0078] The one component of means 10 is formed by a dovetail-shaped
groove 11, the other component by a correspondingly shaped tongue
12. The two components 11 and 12 may be made to abut each other and
then to be fitted into each other in an insertion direction E. In
other words, the dovetail groove 11 forms an undercut for the
tongue 12, so that both components become unmovable perpendicularly
to the direction of insertion E. One recognizes a small insertion
bevelling 13 on the end of tongue 12; in a quite similar manner an
insertion bevelling 14 has been provided on the insertion opening
of groove 11 in order to facilitate the assembling procedure, i.e.
the push-fitting insertion of tongue 12 into groove 11.
[0079] An embodiment similar to FIGS. 2a and 2b has been shown in
FIGS. 3a and 3b. Basically the same principle has been realised as
has been shown in FIG. 2a, 2b. However, there has been provided an
alignment of the groove and tongue system 10 which is oriented
transversely to the longitudinal axis L of the shear connector 4.
Furthermore, there have been provided two groove and tongue systems
10 spaced with respect to each other. In this case the two
components 4a and 4b of the shear connector 4 may be pushed into
one another in an insertion direction E which is transverse to of
the longitudinal axis L of the shear connector 4.
[0080] Herein, the groove 11 and the tongue 12 may be provided with
a small tapering angle .alpha. in respect of the insertion
direction E, as has been exemplified in FIG. 3a, which provision
has been made in order to be able also to bring about, upon
reaching the corresponding end position, a force-fit
interconnection apart from a positive connection.
[0081] The two components 4a, 4b of the shear connector may be
interconnected with each other firmly in a simple manner by means
of the dovetail groove and tongue connection after the insertion
thereof into the structural components. The fitting-in of the two
shear connector components 4a and 4b into the structural components
2a, 2b, respectively, may be performed in a simple manner by fixing
the respective connector components by means of screws on the
structural components 2a and 2b. To this end, the two connector
components 4a and 4b have two non-designated bores.
[0082] The shear connectors 4 of the type explained may be used for
transmitting transverse and shearing forces and loads, and they
will facilitate the production of prefabricated wooden structural
components (rod-shaped or plane-shaped), which may then be
assembled or pushed together positively and/or non-positively in
situ with remarkable ease of assembling.
[0083] In FIGS. 4 through 10 another embodiment of the concept
according to the invention has been illustrated. As already
indicated in FIGS. 2 and 3 the shear connector 4, in this case, has
also been formed two-part, i.e. it comprises both components 4a and
4b with the plane of partition of the connector 4 running along the
longitudinal axis L (see FIG. 4) and including the same.
[0084] As may be best seen from FIGS. 6 through 9 the two
components 4a and 4b of the connector 4 are in each case penetrated
by bores 15, 16 and 17.
[0085] The bore 15 penetrates both components 4a, 4b of the shear
connector 4 approximately centrally at an angle of 45.degree. with
respect to the longitudinal axis L (see FIGS. 6 and 7).
[0086] However, the bores 16 and 17 cross the two components 4a, 4b
under 45.degree. as well, but with respect direction Q transverse
to the longitudinal axis L. Therein, the bore 16 arranged in one
end area of the shear connector 4 is located inversely arranged
with regard to another bore 17 which is provided in the other end
area of the shear connector 4.
[0087] As may best be seen in FIG. 10, pin-shaped connecting
elements 18, 19, 20 are placed through the two composed components
4a and 4b of the shear connector 4 in order to interconnect both
components 4a, 4b firmly with each other. Therein, the connecting
pin 18 is introduced into the bore 15, while the pins 19 and 20 are
introduced into the bores 16 and 17, respectively. By arranging the
bores 15, 16, 17 at an angle a firm joint between components 4a and
4b will result.
[0088] It may also be recognized in FIG. 10 that further pins 21
and 22 may be introduced into corresponding bores which extend at
an angle of 90.degree. with respect to the longitudinal axis L.
[0089] The shear connector 4 which has been shown by way of
perspective representation in FIG. 11 and by way of sectional
representation in FIG. 12 is formed in one piece and has a through
boring 23 which extends along the longitudinal axis L of the shear
connector 4. The shear connector 4 is characterized in that it has
an inside (female) screw thread 24 whose core diameter is smaller
than the diameter of through boring 23. Thereby, the possibility is
brought about to allow a screw bolt to enter from the right hand
side of FIGS. 11 and 12 into the through bore 23 and to screw the
thread thereof into the female thread 24.
[0090] Thereby, bending moments may be absorbed in an enhanced
manner. The reason is that two points of support result for the
screw bolt which lies in bore 23, i.e. one point in the region of
the thread and one at the region of exit of the screw bolt at the
end of the shear connector. By spacing the two points of support,
moments may be absorbed in a much better way than is possible with
the hitherto known solutions. By passing the screw bolt through the
hollow shear connector and by screwing the bolt into the female
thread 24 at the end a "change of criteria" is brought about
leading towards a "carrier on two supports". By means of supporting
the introduced screw bolt at its entering and exiting sides the
occurring forces will be absorbed in an improved manner through the
spacing existing between the points of support so that higher
forces and moments may thus be transmitted than is common in the
case of the hitherto known solutions.
[0091] In extending the female thread 24 it is possible--as in the
case of a rearwardly screw-attachable shear connector--to create a
connection with a counterpiece. Thus the variety of application is
increased considerably by the proposed embodiment. The shear
connector may, in selecting the thread correspondingly with regard
to its length, offer connecting facilities at both sides.
[0092] The solutions represented in FIGS. 13 through 20 concern
further embodiments of the shear connector in which the latter is
provided with at least one plane-shaped connecting section.
[0093] In FIG. 13 a shear connector 4 may be seen which laterally
has two plane-shaped connecting sections 25. In this context the
connecting sections 25 have been moulded simultaneously with the
shear connector 4, so that a one-piece interconnection is
accomplished.
[0094] Each connecting section 25 has at least one bore 26 by means
of which it is possible to screw-attach the shear connector on the
surface of a structural component. Then the mandrels will only
protrude into the corresponding recesses of the structural
component in one direction. Therefore, the shear connector 4 shown
in FIGS. 13 through 20 has only been provided with mandrels 6 which
extend in one direction away from the basic body of the shear
connector.
[0095] From FIGS. 15 and 16 it may moreover be taken that in this
context the through boring 23 has been provided as well, which
merges one-sidedly with the thread 24.
[0096] FIGS. 17 through 19 show the shear connector 4 by way of an
alternative embodiment. In this case, only one single plane-shaped
retaining section 27 has been provided, which is aligned such that
the normal N of its surface extends parallely to the longitudinal
axis L of the shear connector 4.
[0097] The solution according to FIG. 19 combines such a retaining
section 27 with the retaining sections 25 which may be seen in
FIGS. 13 through 17. The shear connector 4 may be provided without
(s. FIG. 17, 18) as well as with a through bore 23, which may be
designed with or without thread 24 (s. FIG. 19).
[0098] FIG. 20 shows an example of application in which the shear
connector 4 according to FIG. 17 and 18, respectively, is used in
order to interconnect two structural components 1, 2. The retaining
section 27 forms a solid support on the structural component 1 in
order to fix the structural component 2 in relation thereto. The
fixing of the retaining section 27 is brought about by screws which
are screwed through bores 28.
[0099] From FIG. 20 it can be taken that it is possible with the
presently proposed shear connector to interconnect, in particular,
a wooden auxiliary carrier to a wooden major carrier in a
non-visible manner. The recesses for the mandrels are introduced
into the frontal face of the auxiliary carrier by means of a
template in a known manner. The shear connector is then fixed
frontally to the auxiliary carrier by means of wood screws which
are either introduced directly through the body of the shear
connector or through the lateral retaining sections. The thus
completed auxiliary carrier is then mounted on the major carrier by
means of the frontside retaining section 27 and, there again, is
fastened by means of wood screws. Thus, a non-visible connection is
accomplished.
[0100] In turning the shear connector by 180.degree. so that the
retaining section 27 is, for example, placed on a concrete floor,
there is the possibility to connect wooden stems effectively and
favourably regarding the assembling, for example, with the concrete
surface and/or to interconnect them therewith. Instead of using
wood screws, this may also be achieved by means of dowels which are
passed through the one-piece-moulded or separate retaining section,
respectively. This type of a shear connector may be incorporated in
individual stems for the purpose of high prefabrication in the
plant of production, or in stems which are incorporated in already
finished wall surfaces, which leads to the result that even
complete wall surfaces may already carry, in a non-visible manner,
such bottom or foot parts which for example my be joined with
concrete faces.
[0101] The embodiments proposed according to FIG. 13 through 20 are
particularly advantageously and preferably adapted for restoring
wooden frameworks.
[0102] In such solutions it is of particular advantage that it
becomes possible to fix the shear connector laterally on a wooden
carrier, i.e. an integrated conception as for example in the case
of FIG. 1 will not be realised. The assembling state of the shear
connector "only from the outside" will enable the attachment of the
connector on a one-piece wood element in a very simple manner. To
this end the mandrels are provided to extend in one direction,
only.
[0103] Thus, with the shear connector 4 according to FIGS. 13
through 20 the decisive advantage will be achieved that an
attachment of the connector to a one-piece carrier becomes
possible, and that may be performed from the outside.
[0104] In FIGS. 21 through 23 it is shown how a system of
structural components 1, 2 and 3 can be interconnected in a simple
manner by means of two shear connectors 4. To this end, the
structural component 1 (support) has a transverse bore 29 through
which a tube 30 (preferably a steel tube) may be inserted. Both
shear connectors 4 are equipped with a through boring along their
longitudinal axes. The tube 30 will be selected to be sufficiently
long so that both shear connectors 4 may be penetrated completely
and that, moreover, some portion may even project axially.
[0105] FIG. 21 shows that the shear connectors 4 are tied in the
structural components 2 or 3 (waler) in a manner as explained in
context with FIG. 1. In FIG. 22 a pre-assembled installation
situation is represented in which the tube 30 has been pushed
through the bore 29 in the structural component 1 and in which the
two structural components 2 and 3 have been added laterally such
that the tube 30 penetrates both shear connectors 4.
[0106] In this case, the fixing of the interconnection is performed
by means of steel pins 31 which are driven-in in the shown manner
after the pre-assembly represented in FIG. 22.
[0107] As may best be taken from FIG. 23 a preferably tapered steel
pin 31 is driven-in such that it passes through the structural
component 1 including the tube 30; thus, the tube 30 is fixed in
relation to structural component 1.
[0108] The two other steel pins 31 are driven through the
structural components 2 and 3 transversely such that the tube 30 is
penetrated immediately in the axial end region of the shear
connector 4. Thus, the tube 30 is also fixed in relation to the
respective shear connector 4 so that altogether a firm
interconnection between the three structural components 1, 2, 3 has
been brought about.
[0109] Corresponding bores for the steel pins 31 may be installed
in advance in the structural components 1, 2 or 3 and, if
necessary, as well in the tube in order to facilitate assembling.
For example, the bores may be pre-drilled with a diameter of 5 mm,
and subsequently the steel pins having a diameter of 6 mm may be
driven-in. Finally the entrance bores of the steel pins may be
closed by means of wooden plugs.
[0110] The proposal according to FIGS. 21 through 23 enables a pure
steel-steel-connection, in which for example the internal hole
pressure of the shear connector in the wood is no longer decisive.
This leads to increased force absorbing abilities and, in contrary
to pure wood-wood-joints, to the advantages of pure
steel-steel-connections which are manifold.
[0111] The shear connector may be provided with moulding bevellings
of e.g. 2.degree. and have radii which, for example, amount to at
least 2 mm. The radii of the mandrels are designed such, in
relation to the basic body of the shear connector that no
embossments result and that the shear connector fits solidly and
snugly in milled-out portions having been provided for the purpose
of its reception. The shear connector may be provided with a layer
of zinc, with typical thicknesses of the layers amounting to
between 5 and 8 .mu.m.
[0112] The geometrical dimensions of the shear connector as well as
of the possibly existing bores therein depend on the respective
case of application. For example in the case of a
cross-bracing-connection wood screws having a diameter of 12 mm may
be applied leading to corresponding dimensions of the shear
connector. Also the length of the shear connector is selected in
accordance with the forces to be transmitted.
[0113] Equally, the proposal according to the invention is
appropriate for connecting stem-shaped or plane-shaped structural
elements. For instance, examples of application are to be seen in
attachments of wall boards in wood structure components.
* * * * *