U.S. patent application number 11/788785 was filed with the patent office on 2008-08-14 for system and method of adjusting the location and position of the foresail on a sailboat.
Invention is credited to Bradford G. Baruh.
Application Number | 20080190341 11/788785 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39684750 |
Filed Date | 2008-08-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080190341 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Baruh; Bradford G. |
August 14, 2008 |
System and method of adjusting the location and position of the
foresail on a sailboat
Abstract
A system for sailing windward, which includes a moveable track
fixture, a fixed track configured to receive the track fixture, and
a control system for securing the location of the track fixture
within the fixed track relative to a bow of a sailboat. The system
can also include a retractable solar panel system, which is
attached to a nautical stay, wherein the stay is fixed at one end
to a hull of the sailboat and at a second end to a mast of the
sailboat. The solar panel system includes a plurality of solar
panels, which are attached to a system for stacking the plurality
of solar panels when not in use. In an alternative embodiment, the
sailboat can include an extendable keel, which includes a moveable
inner member positioned within the fixed keel and a control system
for lowering or retracting the inner member.
Inventors: |
Baruh; Bradford G.;
(Hillsborough, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BUCHANAN, INGERSOLL & ROONEY PC
POST OFFICE BOX 1404
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22313-1404
US
|
Family ID: |
39684750 |
Appl. No.: |
11/788785 |
Filed: |
April 19, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60900549 |
Feb 8, 2007 |
|
|
|
60920957 |
Mar 30, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
114/39.32 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B63H 9/10 20130101; B63B
15/00 20130101; Y10T 137/85978 20150401; Y10T 137/85986
20150401 |
Class at
Publication: |
114/39.32 |
International
Class: |
B63B 15/00 20060101
B63B015/00 |
Claims
1. A system for sailing windward comprising: a moveable track
fixture; a fixed track configured to receive the track fixture; and
a control system for securing the location of the track fixture
within the fixed track relative to a bow of a sailboat.
2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a control system for
securing the location of the moveable track fixture within the
fixed track.
3. The system of claim 2, wherein the control system comprises a
winch, a flexible wire attached to the moveably track fixture, and
a guide system.
4. The system of claim 3, wherein the winch consists of a spool,
which is attached to a crank.
5. The system of claim 4, wherein the winch further includes a
brake or ratchet that prevents the winch from unwinding.
6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a forestay, wherein
the forestay is attached to the track fixture and extends from an
upper portion of a mast of a sailboat to the moveable track fixture
on a bow of the sailboat.
7. The system of claim 1, wherein the moveable track fixture
comprises a foresail beam and a pivot member.
8. The system of claim 1, further comprising a sailboat having a
hull, a mast, and a plurality of sails, and wherein at least one of
the plurality of sails is a foresail.
9. The system of claim 6, wherein an upper corner of the foresail
is hoisted to, or nearly to the top of the mast.
10. The system of claim 1, wherein the leading edge of the foresail
is attached to the track fixture.
11. A sailboat comprising: a hull; a mast; a plurality of sails,
wherein at least one of the plurality of sails is a foresail; and a
system for sailing windward comprising: a moveable track fixture; a
fixed track configured to receive the track fixture; a control
system for securing the location of the track fixture within the
fixed track relative to a bow of a sailboat; and a forestay
attached to the track fixture, the forestay extending from an upper
portion of a mast of a sailboat to the moveable track fixture on a
bow of the sailboat.
12. The system of claim 11, further comprising a control system for
securing the location of the track fixture within the fixed
track.
13. The system of claim 12, wherein the control system comprises a
winch, a flexible wire attached to the track fixture, and a guide
system.
14. The system of claim 13, wherein the winch consists of a spool,
which is attached to a crank.
15. The system of claim 14, wherein the winch further includes a
brake or ratchet that prevents the winch from unwinding.
16. The system of claim 11, wherein the moveable track fixture
comprises a foresail beam and a pivot member.
17.-25. (canceled)
26. A method of reducing leeway drift of a sailboat as the sailboat
reaches an upwind objective, the method comprising: changing the
relative position of a foresail to a bow of the sailboat without
changing the relative position of a mainsail and the foresail to
one another.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent
Application Ser. No. 60/900,549 filed on Feb. 8, 2007, and U.S.
Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 60/920,957 filed on Mar.
30, 2007, the contents, which are incorporated herein their
entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention generally relates to a system and method of
reducing leeway drift of a sailboat as the sailboat reaches an
upwind objective by adjusting the location and position of the
foresail (i.e., headsail, jib, genoa, or spinnaker) and/or
adjusting the depth of the keel and/or keel foil, and more
particularly to a system and method of adjusting the location and
position of the foresail (headsail, jib, genoa, or spinnaker) on a
sailboat by moving the location or position of the foresail and the
forestay relative to the bow of the sailboat and/or by adjusting
the depth of the keel and/or keel foil.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Typically, a sailboat includes a hull that sits in the
water, a mast extending upwardly from the hull, sails supported by
the mast, and either a centerboard or fixed keel extending
downwardly from the hull into the water. The sails catch the wind
and cause the hull to move forwardly through the water. Although, a
sailboat cannot sail directly into the wind, a sailboat can sail in
a generally windward direction. It can be appreciated that with
skill and a combination of maneuvers, a sailor can maneuver a
sailboat in almost any desired direction.
[0004] Because of the design of the sails, a sailboat can sail to
windward, which is typically in a direction no less than about 15
to 25 degrees from the wind, depending upon the design of the boat
and the skill of the sailor. Headway directly upwind or windward is
typically achieved in a series of sequential maneuvers called
tacks, in which the boat is first sailed windward with the wind
over one side of the bow, and then turned through the wind so that
the wind comes over the other side of the bow. In each tack, some
headway upwind is achieved even though the boat does not move
directly into the wind, and eventually the sailboat reaches an
upwind objective after sailing a zig-zag course covering a distance
greater than the straight line distance from the initial position
to the upwind objective.
[0005] When a sailboat sails to windward, the forces on the sails
can be resolved into a thrust component that moves the sailboat
forwardly through the water and a drift component that pushes the
sailboat sideways in a downwind direction. The sailboat therefore
moves in a net direction that is forward, but also is slight
downwind opposite to the net intended direction of movement. The
sideways drift is called leeway or "slide slipping."
[0006] The downwardly projecting centerboard or keel of the
sailboat offers resistance to the leeway produced by the sideways
sail force, but at least some leeway remains. This leeway is being
constantly accumulated, as there is a downwind movement as long as
the sailboat is being sailed into the wind. The leeway
significantly increases the time required for the sailboat to sail
from its downwind starting position to the upwind objective, as it
forces the sailboat to sail much further to make up for the
accumulated sideways movement.
[0007] Attempts have been made to reduce the amount of leeway. For
example, a movable centerboard or fixed keel extending into the
water below the sailboat presents a broad surface to resist
sideways drift. There have also been attempts to modify the shape
of the centerboard or keel to provide a lifting force to counteract
the sideways drift. These attempts have been based upon the
observation that the centerboard or keel moving through the water
is somewhat similar to the wing of an airplane that creates a lift
as the wing is moved through the air. The lift of an airplane wing
causes the airplane to move upward against the force of gravity,
and the corresponding lift of a sailboat centerboard or keel that
extends downwardly can cause the sailboat to be lifted in the
upwind direction, thereby countering the sideways drift producing
the leeway.
[0008] Fixed keels are typically used in larger sailboats. The
keels are usually filled with lead or other dense material to act
as ballast for the sailboat. For example, the keels of 12-meter
sailboats may extend 10 feet below the surface of the water, and
weigh 40,000 to 50,000 pounds.
[0009] It would be desirable to have a system or method of
adjusting or changing the relative position of the fixed connection
of the foresail, such that the angle of attack in the windward
direction is slightly altered in the direction of the wind.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to have a system and/or method
of changing the angle or direction of the boat in a windward
direction and/or use of an extendable keel, which is capable of
providing a lifting force to counteract leeway, and is sufficiently
reliable to be acceptable for general and racing use.
[0010] In addition, it would be desirable to have a retractable
solar panel system, which can provide a source of energy to the
sailboat. The solar panel system can be attached to a nautical
stay, wherein the stay is fixed at one end to a hull of the
sailboat and at a second end to a mast of the sailboat. The solar
panel system includes a plurality of solar panels, which are
attached to a system for extending and retracting the plurality of
solar panels, such that when not in use, the solar panels can be
stacked.
SUMMARY
[0011] In accordance with one embodiment, a system for sailing
windward comprises: a moveable track fixture; a fixed track
configured to receive the track fixture; and a control system for
securing the location of the track fixture within the fixed track
relative to a bow of a sailboat.
[0012] In accordance with another embodiment, a sailboat comprises:
a hull; a mast; a plurality of sails, wherein at least one of the
plurality of sails is a foresail; and a system for sailing windward
comprising: a moveable track fixture; a fixed track configured to
receive the track fixture; a control system for securing the
location of the track fixture within the fixed track relative to a
bow of a sailboat; and a forestay attached to the track fixture,
the forestay extending from an upper portion of a mast of a
sailboat to the moveable track fixture on a bow of the
sailboat.
[0013] In accordance with a further embodiment, a keel for a
sailboat comprises: an extendable keel comprising: a foil member;
an inner member; and an outer member; and a control system
comprised of an inner screw member and a winch system for lowering
or retracting the inner member.
[0014] In accordance with another embodiment, a keel for a sailboat
comprises: a fixed keel; a moveable inner member positioned within
the fixed keel; and a control system comprised of an inner screw
member and a winch system for lowering or retracting the inner
member.
[0015] In accordance with a further embodiment, a retractable solar
panel system for a sailboat comprises: a plurality of solar panels,
which are attached to a nautical stay, wherein the stay is fixed at
one end to a hull of the sailboat and at a second end to a mast of
the sailboat; and a system for extending and retracting the
plurality of solar panels.
[0016] In accordance with another embodiment, a method of reducing
leeway drift of a sailboat as the sailboat reaches an upwind
objective, the method comprises changing the relative position of a
foresail to a bow of the sailboat without changing the relative
position of a mainsail and the foresail to one another.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a sailboat with a system and
method of adjusting the location and position of the foresail in
accordance with one embodiment.
[0018] FIG. 2 is a top view of the sailboat of FIG. 1 with a system
and method of adjusting the location and position of the
foresail.
[0019] FIG. 3A is a schematic view of a sailboat in accordance with
one embodiment with a system and method of adjusting the location
and position of the foresail in comparison with a sailboat without
a system and method of adjusting the location and position of the
headsail, jib, genoa, or spinnaker.
[0020] FIG. 3B is a schematic view of a sailboat without a system
and method of adjusting the location and position of the
foresail.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of the track
system on a sailboat with a system and method of adjusting the
location and position of the foresail.
[0022] FIG. 5 is a top view of a sailboat with a system and method
of adjusting the location and position of the foresail in
accordance with another embodiment.
[0023] FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a sailboat with an
extendable keel in accordance with one embodiment.
[0024] FIG. 7 is a front view of a sailboat with the extendable
keel having a winged foil (or underwater wing) in accordance with
another embodiment.
[0025] FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of a sailboat
with a fixed keel and an adjustable ballast or weight system in
accordance with a further embodiment.
[0026] FIG. 9 is a cross-sectional view of a sailboat with a fixed
keel with a hollow winged keel and an adjustable ballast or weight
system in accordance with another embodiment.
[0027] FIG. 10 is a plan view of a sailboat with a retractable
solar panel system in accordance with one embodiment.
[0028] FIG. 11 is a front view of the retractable solar panel
system of FIG. 10.
[0029] FIG. 12 is a plan view of a retractable solar panel array in
accordance with one embodiment.
[0030] FIG. 13 is a plan view of a retractable solar panel array in
accordance with another embodiment.
[0031] FIG. 14 is a front view of a retractable solar panel system
in accordance with another embodiment.
[0032] FIG. 15 is a plan view of a retractable solar panel system
in accordance with another embodiment.
[0033] FIG. 16 is a plan view of a solar panel system in accordance
with a further embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0034] As described above, because of the design of the sails, a
sailboat (or boat) 10 can sail to windward, in a direction no less
than about 15 to 25 degrees from the wind, depending upon the
design of the boat and the skill of the sailor. Headway directly
upwind is achieved in a series of sequential maneuvers called
tacks, in which the boat is first sailed windward with the wind
over one side of the bow, and then turned through the wind so that
the wind comes over the other side of the bow. In each tack, some
headway upwind is achieved even though the boat does not move
directly into the wind, and eventually the sailboat reaches an
upwind objective after sailing a zig-zag course covering a distance
greater than the straight line distance from the initial position
to the upwind objective.
[0035] In addition, when a sailboat 10 sails to windward, the
forces on the sails can be resolved into a thrust component that
moves the sailboat forwardly through the water and a drift
component that pushes the sailboat sideways in a downwind
direction. The sailboat 10 therefore moves in a net direction that
is forward, but also is slight downwind opposite to the net
intended direction of movement. The sideways drift is called
leeway.
[0036] The downwardly projecting centerboard or keel of the boat
offers resistance to the leeway produced by the sideways sail
force, but at least some leeway remains. This leeway is being
constantly accumulated, as there is a downwind movement as long as
the sailboat is being sailed into the wind. It can be appreciated
that the leeway can significantly increase the time required for
the sailboat to sail from its downwind starting position to the
upwind objective, as it forces the sailboat to sail much further to
make up for the accumulated sideways movement.
[0037] FIG. 1 shows a perspective view of a sailboat 10 with a
system and method of adjusting the location and of at least one of
the sails 40 of the sailboat 10, and more particularly a system and
method of adjusting the foresail 40 (or headsail, jib genoa, or
spinnaker) in accordance with one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1, a
sailboat 10 typically includes a hull 20 that sits in the water, a
mast 50 extending upwardly from the hull 20, and at least one sail
in the form of a mainsail 30 supported by the mast 50 and a boom
60, and an optional centerboard or keel 70 (FIG. 6)) extending
downwardly from the hull 20 into the water. Typically, most
sailboats 10 also include a second sail 40 in the form of a
foresail, jib, genoa, or spinnaker. The sails 30, 40 catch the wind
and cause the hull 20 to move forwardly through the water. It can
be appreciated that the sailboat can also include a mainstay 52,
which preferably extends from an upper portion of the mast 50 to
the bow 42 of the sailboat 10.
[0038] It can be appreciated that the use of the term "sailboat" 10
has a broad meaning and can include yachts, (large sailboats) and
smaller vessels of many configurations, which use wind as the
primary means of propulsion. Typically, some of the variations
other than size are hull configuration (monohull, catamaran, and
trimaran), keel type (full, fin, wing, centerboard etc.), purpose
(sport, racing, cruising), number and configuration of masts, and
the sail plan. The most common sailboat 10 is the "sloop" which
features one mast 50 and two sails, a mainsail 30 and a foresail 40
or jib, genoa, or spinnaker. This simple configuration has been
proven over time to be very efficient for sailing into the wind.
The mainsail 30 is attached to the mast 50 and the boom 60, which
is a beam or spar capable of swinging across the sailboat 10,
depending on the direction of the wind. Depending on the size and
design of the foresail 40, the foresail 40 is called a jib, genoa,
or spinnaker. Although not common, a sloop or sailboat 10 can
include two foresails from a single forestay 48 at one time (wing
on wing). The forestay 48 is a line or cable running from near the
top of the mast 50 to a point near the bow 42 (or front of the
sailboat 10). It can be appreciated that the forestay 48 is
attached at either the top of the mast, or in fractional rigs
between about 1/4 and 1/8 from the top of the mast 50. The other
end of the forestay 48 is attached to the stern or bow 42 of the
boat 10. The forestay 48 can be made from stainless steel wire, a
solid stainless steel rod, a carbon rod, a galvanized wire or
natural fibers.
[0039] As shown in FIG. 1, the mainsail 30 is attached to the mast
50 and the boom 60. The boom 60 is typically a metal or wooden beam
or spar, which is configured to stabilize the bottom of the
mainsail 30. The boom 60 is attached to the mast 50 at a lower end
32 of the mast 50 and extends towards the stern 43 (or back of the
sailboat 10). An outhaul or line 34, which is part of the running
rigging of a sailboat 10, is used to extend the mainsail 30, and
control the shape of the curve of the foot of the mainsail 30. The
outhaul 34 runs from the clew (the back corner of the sail 30) to
the end of the boom. The line is pulled taut to the appropriate
tension (to provide the desired shape to the foot), and then
secured to a cleat on the boom 60. The mainsail 30 is also attached
to the top 36 of the mast 50. The mainsail 30 extends aftward and
is secured the whole length of its edges to the mast 50 and to the
boom 60 hung from the mast 50.
[0040] The foresail 40, which is also known as a headsail, jib,
genoa, or spinnaker is secured to the top 46 of the mast 50 and is
typically secured to the bow 42 of the sailboat 10. Typically, the
foresail 40 is secured along its leading edge to a forestay 48
(strong wire) strung from the top 46 of the mast to the bowsprit 42
on the bow (nose) of the boat. Alternatively, the foresail 40 can
be a genoa, which is a type of jib that is larger, and cut so that
it is fuller than an ordinary jib. It can also be appreciated that
fore-and-aft sails can be switched from one side of the sailboat 10
to the other, in order to alter the sailboat's course. When the
sailboat's stern crosses the wind, this is called jibing; when the
bow crosses the wind, it is called tacking. Tacking repeatedly from
port to starboard and/or vice versa, called "beating", is done in
order to allow the boat to follow a course into the wind.
[0041] It can be appreciated that a primary feature of a properly
designed sail is an amount of "draft", caused by curvature of the
surface of the sail. When the sail is oriented into the wind, this
curvature induces lift, much like the wing of an airplane. Modern
sails are manufactured with a combination of broadseaming and
non-stretch fabric. The former adds draft, while the latter allows
the sail to keep a constant shape as the wind pressure increases.
The draft of the sail can be reduced in stronger winds by use of a
Cunningham and outhaul, and also by increasing the downward
pressure of the boom by use of a boom vang. A boom vang is a line
or piston system on a sailboat used to exert downward force on the
boom and thus control the shape of the sail. In British English, it
is known as a "kicking strap". The vang typically runs from the
base of the mast 50 to a point about a third of the way out the
boom 60. Due to the great force necessary to change the height of
the boom 60 while a boat is under sail, a line based boom vang
usually includes some sort of a pulley system. Hydraulic piston
vangs are used on larger sailboats and controlled by manual or
electric hydraulic pumps.
[0042] FIG. 2 shows a top view of the sailboat 10 of FIG. 1 with a
system and method of adjusting the location and position of the
foresail 40. As described above, the foresail 40 is typically
attached to the bow 42 of the sailboat 10 via the forestay 48. In
accordance with one embodiment, as shown in FIG. 2, the foresail 40
can be attached to a track system 100. The track system 100 is
attached to the bow 42 of the boat 10 and is configured to change
the location or position of the foresail 40 and the forestay 48
relative to the hull 20 of the boat 10 during a tacking
maneuver.
[0043] It can be appreciated that tacking typically describes the
position of a sailboat's bow with respect to the wind. For example,
if the vessel's bow is positioned so that the wind is blowing
across the starboard (right) side of the vessel, then the vessel is
said to be on a starboard tack. If the wind is blowing across the
port (left) side of the vessel, then the vessel is said to be on a
port tack. It can be appreciated that by definition, this is
opposite to the side, which the boom is carried, since it can be
difficult when a boat is sailing downwind or nearly downwind from
which side the wind is coming. In addition, a sailing vessel on a
starboard tack always has the right-of-way over another sailing
vessel on "port tack" by both the rules of the road and racing
rules.
[0044] The track system 100 preferably includes a moveable track
fixture 110, upon which the forestay 48 is securely fixed or
attached, a fixed track 120 configured to receive the track fixture
110, and a control system 130 for securing the location of the
track fixture 110 within the track 120 relative to the bow 42 of
the boat 10. In accordance with one embodiment, the control system
130 for securing the location of the track fixture 110 can include
a winch 140, a flexible wire or rod 150 attached to the track
fixture 110, and a guide system 160. The winch 140 is preferably a
mechanical device that is used to wind up the flexible wire or rod
150 (also called "cable"). In its simplest form, it consists of a
spool and attached crank. The spool can also be called the winch
drum. It can be appreciated that the winch 140 can include suitable
gear assemblies and can be powered by electric, hydraulic,
pneumatic or internal combustion drives. In addition, the winch 150
can include a solenoid brake and/or a mechanical brake or ratchet
(not shown) that prevents the winch 150 from unwinding.
[0045] FIG. 3A shows a schematic view of a sailboat 10 in
accordance with one embodiment with a system and method of
adjusting the location and position of the foresail 40 in
comparison with a sailboat 10 without a system and method of
adjusting the location and position of the foresail 40. As shown in
FIG. 3A, the control system 130 is configured to adjust or change
the relative location of the foresail 40 to the bow 42 of the boat
10 during tacking maneuvers, such that the bow 42 of the boat 10
can sail into the wind more than if the foresail 40 and forestay 48
is fixed to the bow of the boat 10.
[0046] FIG. 3B shows a schematic view of a sailboat without a
system and method of adjusting the location and position of the
foresail. As shown in FIG. 3B, a typical sailboat 10 performs a
tacking maneuver by sailing at an angle into the wind. However, as
shown in FIG. 3A, if the relative position of the foresail 40 to
the bow 42 of the boat 10 is changed or altered without change the
relative position of the mainsail 30 and foresail 40 to one
another, the bow 42 of the boat 10 can sail more into the wind
resulting in a shorter distance or path of travel for the sailboat
during tacking.
[0047] FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of the
track system 100 on a sailboat with a system and method of
adjusting the location and position of the foresail 40 in
accordance with one embodiment. The track system 100 preferably
includes a track fixture 110, and a fixed track 120. The foresail
40 (not shown) is attached to the forestay 48, which is secured to
the track fixture 110 at an upper end 112. As shown in FIG. 4, the
track fixture 110 can include an upper end 112, a main body 114, an
upper wheel 116, and a pair of lower wheels 118. The fixed track
120 can include an upper groove 122 configured to receive the upper
wheel 116 and a pair of lower grooves 124 configured to receive the
pair of lower wheels 118. The track fixture 110 moves from side to
side (starboard to port) on the fixed track 120 resulting in the
relative position of the forestay 48 (and the foresail 40) to the
bow 42 of the boat 10 facing in a more windward direction during
tacking maneuvers.
[0048] FIG. 5 shows a top view of a sailboat 10 with a system and
method of adjusting the location and position of the foresail 40 in
accordance with another embodiment. As shown in FIG. 5, a beam or
spar system 200 comprised of a foresail track system 210, a
foresail beam 220, and a pivot member 230. The foresail beam 220 is
attached to the pivot member 230 (or mast 50) at one end (mast end)
222 and the other end (bow end) 224 of the foresail beam 220 moves
from side to side (starboard to port). The foresail beam 220 is
preferably attached to an optional foresail track system 210, which
assists the foresail beam 220 in movement from side to side. The
forestay 48 (not shown) is preferably securely fixed or attached to
the bow end 224 of the foresail beam 220. In addition, a series of
lines 226 can be used to control the bow end 224 of the foresail
beam 220.
[0049] It can be appreciated that the system as shown in FIG. 5,
the beam or spar system 200 can also include a control system 130
(not shown) comprised of a winch 140, a flexible wire or rod 150
attached to the track fixture 110, and a guide system 160. As
described above, the winch 140 is preferably a mechanical device
that is used to wind a wire rod or wire rope (also called "cable").
In its simplest form, it consists of a spool and attached
crank.
[0050] In addition, it can be appreciated that the winch 150 can
also include gear assemblies and can be powered by electric,
hydraulic, pneumatic or internal combustion drives. The winch 150
can also include a solenoid brake and/or a mechanical brake or
ratchet, which prevents the winch 150 from unwinding.
[0051] FIG. 6 shows a cross-sectional view of a sailboat 10 with an
extendable keel 300 in accordance with another embodiment. As shown
in FIG. 6, the extendable keel 300 includes a foil member 310, an
extendable inner member 320 and a fixed outer member 330. The foil
member 310 is attached to the extendable inner member 320 and uses
the forward motion of the boat 10 to generate lift to counter the
lateral force from the sails (i.e., mainsail 30 and foresail 40).
It can be appreciated that sailboats 10 typically have much larger
keels than non-sailing hulls. In addition, the keel 70 is made of a
heavy material to provide ballast to stabilize the sailboat 10.
Accordingly, it would be desirable to have the ability to adjust
the depth or length of the keel 70, which provide a righting moment
of the sailboat 10 during tacking, and reducing the weight of the
keel 70. It can be appreciated that by reducing the weight of the
keel 70, which in turn reduces the overall weight of the sailboat
10, the sailboat 10 will in turn move faster through the water.
Thus, the sailboat 10 will be quicker and will be faster during
sailing competitions and/or races. In addition, the perpendicular
distance from weight to pivot is increased. Thus, with the use of
an extendable keel 300, a larger righting moment can be produced.
The extendable keel 300 also provides for easier transportation of
the sailboat 10 by retracting the keel 70 and allows for the
sailboat 10 to sail in shallower water with the keel 70
retracted.
[0052] As shown in FIG. 6, the extendable inner member 320 is
positioned within the fixed outer member 330. A suitable fit
between the inner member 320 and the outer member 330 preferably
exists such that the sailboat 10 does not take water on and the fit
is suitable to withstand the corrosive environment that most
sailboats 10 typically encounter. In accordance with one
embodiment, the inner member 320 extends and retracts through a
control system 340 and an inner screw member 350 positioned within
the inner member 320. As shown in FIG. 6, the control system 340
controls the depth or position of the inner screw member 350, which
in turn lowers or retracts the inner member 320. The inner screw
member 350 is preferably attached to a winch system 360 or other
suitable system for lowering or extending and/or retracting the
keel 70.
[0053] In accordance with one embodiment, the winch system 360 can
include a mechanical device that is used to control the relative
position of the inner screw member 350 and the inner member 320 to
the outer member 330, which in turn controls the depth of the foil
member 310 of the keel 70. In accordance with one embodiment, the
winch system 360 consists of a spool or drum and an attached crank.
It can be appreciated that the winch 140 can also include suitable
gear assemblies and/or can be powered by electric, hydraulic,
pneumatic or internal combustion drives. The winch system 360 also
preferably includes a solenoid brake and/or a mechanical brake that
prevents the winch system 360 from unwinding and/or releasing from
a fixed position. The winch system 360 can be positioned below the
deck of the sailboat 10 as shown in FIG. 6, or alternatively can be
positioned above or on the deck of the sailboat 10.
[0054] It can be appreciated that the extendable keel 300 can also
be extendable telescopically, wherein the keel 300 comprises a
plurality of inner members 320 having a core containing a plurality
of sealed air chambers, which are pressurized when the keel 300 is
fully extended. An air compressor, which can be powered by the boat
engine or other suitable systems, can be utilized to supply
pressurized air to extend or retract the inner members 320. Valves
can control the pressure release for extension or retraction. The
keel 300 can also be operated hydraulically, by stored or generated
pressurized gas, or mechanically through a suitable mechanical
system.
[0055] FIG. 7 shows a front view of a sailboat 10 with the
extendable keel 300 having a foil member 310 having a winged foil
312 (or underwater wing) in accordance with another embodiment. As
shown in FIG. 7, the foil member 310 is positioned on a distal end
(or of the inner member 320 and has a pair of wings or foils 314.
The winged foil 312 (or underwater wing), which has recently become
popular for racing sailboats, the lift of such a winged foil 312 is
largely upwardly (rather than laterally, as for a leeway reducing
keel) to reduce the wetted area of the hull 20 and thence its drag
as the sailboat 10 moves forwardly.
[0056] FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of a portion of a
sailboat 10 with a fixed keel 70 and an adjustable ballast or
weight system 400. Typically, by placing the weight of the ballast
or weight system 400 as low as possible (often in a large bulb 460
at the bottom of the keel) the maximum righting moment can be
extracted from the given mass. However, it can be appreciated that
in certain sailing conditions, it may be desirable to adjust the
location of the weight system 400 within the keel 70.
[0057] As shown in FIG. 8, the ballast or weight system 400 is
comprised of a moveable weight 440 comprised of a high density
material, such as concrete, iron, or lead, which is placed within
the keel 70. The weight system 400 is adapted to fit within an
inner chamber 420 of the keel 70 and includes a control system 410
for adjusting the depth of the weight system 40 within the chamber
420. In accordance with one embodiment, the control system 410 can
include an inner screw member 430, which raises and lowers the
weight system 400 within the inner chamber 420. The control system
410 controls the depth or position of the inner screw member 430,
which in turn lowers or retracts the weight system 400. The inner
screw member 430 is preferably attached to a winch system or other
suitable system for lowering or extending and/or retracting the
weight system 400 within the keel 70.
[0058] In accordance with one embodiment, the control system 410
can include a mechanical device that is used to control the
relative position of the inner screw member 430, which in turn
controls the depth of the weight system 400 within the inner
chamber 420 of the keel 70. In accordance with one embodiment, the
control system 410 consists of a spool or drum and an attached
crank. It can be appreciated that the control system 410 can also
include suitable gear assemblies and/or can be powered by electric,
hydraulic, pneumatic or internal combustion drives. The control
system 410 also preferably includes a solenoid brake and/or a
mechanical brake that prevents the system from unwinding and/or
releasing from a fixed position.
[0059] As shown in FIG. 8, the keel 70 also can include a foil
member 450 having a winged foil 452 (or underwater wing) positioned
on a distal end of the keel 70. The foil member 450 with a winged
foil 452 provides lift in a largely upwardly direction (rather than
laterally, as for a leeway reducing keel) to reduce the wetted area
of the hull 20 and thence its drag as the sailboat 10 moves
forwardly.
[0060] FIG. 9 shows a cross-sectional view of a sailboat 10 with a
fixed keel 70 with a hollow winged keel 460 and an adjustable
ballast or weight system 400 in accordance with another embodiment.
As shown in FIG. 9, the hollow winged keel 460 includes a foil
member 450 having a winged foil 452 with a chamber 470 therein. The
chamber 470 can be attached to a ballast system (not shown), which
can be filled with either outside water or pressurized. The ballast
system can be configured to provide the chamber 470 within the foil
member 450 with a positively buoyant condition, weighing less than
the volume of water it displaces, or negative buoyancy, which
either increases its own weight or decreases the displacement of
the water.
[0061] FIG. 10 is a cross-section view of a sailboat 10 with a
retractable solar panel system 500 in accordance with another
embodiment. As shown in FIG. 10, the retractable solar panel system
500 includes a plurality of solar panels 510, which are attached to
a nautical stay 502. It can be appreciated that the stay (or
shroud) 502 can include any suitable line, rope, wire or rod
running from the masts to the hull, usually fore-and-aft along the
centerline of the sailboat 10 or a shroud running from the mast 50
to the side of the sailboat 10. The stay or shroud 502 preferable
is fixed at a one end 504 to the hull 20 of the sailboat 10 and at
a second end 506 to the top or a top portion 46 of the mast 50.
[0062] The solar panels 510 are preferably any suitable panel or
array of smaller panels, which converts sunlight into an energy
source. It can be appreciated that any solar panel 510 can be used
including flat solar thermal collector, such as a solar hot water
or air panel used to heat water, air, or otherwise collect solar
thermal energy, or any photovoltaic module, which is an assembly of
solar cells used to generate electricity. The solar panels 510 are
preferably flat, and can be various heights and widths. It can be
appreciated, however, that the solar panels 510 can be slightly
curved or of a suitable flexible design. In addition, each solar
panel 510 can be comprised of an array of solar-thermal panels or
photovoltaic (PV) modules, which are be connected either in
parallel or series depending upon the design objective.
[0063] In accordance with one embodiment, the retractable solar
panel system 500 preferably includes a plurality of solar panels
510, which are attached to the stay 502 via a connector 520 such as
a connecting rod or hook. The system 500 also includes a system for
the unfolding the plurality of solar panels 510 and extending the
connector 520 (i.e., connecting rod or hook) upward towards the top
portion 46 of the mast 50 when in use. It can be appreciated that
when not in use, the solar panels 510 can be retracted and stored
on the deck of the sailboat 10. The system for extension and
retraction of the solar panels 510 is preferably a winch (e.g.,
140) or other suitable mechanical device that is used to wind up a
rope, or cable. The winch preferably includes a spool (or winch
drum) and attached crank. It can be appreciated that the mechanical
device or winch can be powered by electric, hydraulic, pneumatic or
internal combustion drives, and includes a solenoid brake and/or a
mechanical brake or ratchet that prevents it from unwinding.
[0064] A protective cover is preferably placed over the stack of
solar panels 510 during storage thereof or when the solar panels
510 are not in use. As shown in FIG. 10, a pair of solar panels
522, 524 are attached to each preferably via the connector 520,
which preferably is a connecting rod or hook, and can include a
pair of hinges 526, 528 such that the plurality of solar panels 510
can be stored in a stack (i.e., z-fold) when not in use.
[0065] FIG. 11 is a front view of the retractable solar panel
system 500 of FIG. 10 in accordance with one embodiment. As shown
in FIG. 1, the panel system 500 comprises a pair of solar panels
522, 524 having a hinge 526, 528 between to allow the plurality of
panels 510 to be stacked when not in use. The plurality of panels
can also include at least one edge member 530, 540, which assists
with the alignment of the solar panels 510 during use. The at least
one edge member 530, 540 is preferably a wire, a hook attaching the
outer edge of the solar panels to one another or other suitable
method of attaching the panels to one another.
[0066] FIG. 12 is a plan view of a retractable solar panel array
600 in accordance with one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 12, a
retractable solar panel array 600 can be comprised of a plurality
of vertical solar panel systems 500. The solar panel systems 500
preferably includes a plurality of solar panels 510 attached to one
another and attached to a fixed stay 502, or in the case of land
fixed systems, the stay 502 can be a wire, a rope, a rod, or other
suitable device, wherein the plurality of solar panels 510 can be
stacked during non-use and unfolded during use. It can be
appreciated that the use of the solar panel system 500 is not
limited to sailboats 10, and that the solar panel system 500 can be
placed on any suitable structure including residential and
commercial buildings, windmills, water towers, billboards, support
structures such as bridges, radio masts, antennas, and towers, and
natural landforms, including hills, cliffs, fields, berms, mounds
and valleys. In addition, the solar panel system 500 can be
attached to modes of transportation such as buses, cars or
automobiles, trucks, ships, aircraft and trains. In accordance with
another embodiment, the solar panels 510 can be placed on
floatation devices or a floatable element (not shown), and the
retractable solar panel system 500 can be placed on any suitable
body of water including lakes, ponds, rice paddies, oceans, and
swimming pools.
[0067] FIG. 13 is a plan view of a retractable solar panel array
600 in accordance with another embodiment, wherein the retractable
solar panel array 600 is fixed between a pair of vertical members
602, 604. As shown in FIG. 13, the solar panel systems 500 is
positioned e horizontally fixed between the pair of vertical
members 602, 604.
[0068] FIG. 14 is a front view of a retractable solar panel system
500 in accordance with another embodiment. As shown in FIG. 14, the
retractable solar panel system 500 comprises a plurality of solar
panels 510 (FIG. 11), or a roll of solar panel material 610, stored
on a roll or drum system 620. During non-use, the plurality of
solar panels 510 or the roll of solar panel material 610 are wound
around a drum 630 or other suitable device. An optional handle 632
as shown or other suitable system, such as a small winch can be
used to unroll and/or wrap the solar panel material 610 around the
drum 630. During use, the plurality of solar panels 510 or the roll
of solar panel material 610 is unwound extending from the drum 630
to a fixed point 506. It can be appreciated that the solar panels
510 or the roll of solar panel material 610 are preferably
photovoltaic cells or modules.
[0069] In accordance with one embodiment, the solar panels 610 in
the form of photovoltaic cells or modules (or a group of cells
electrically connected and packaged in one frame), which convert
sunlight directly into electricity. The photovoltaic (PV) cells can
be made of a semiconductor material such as silicon, such that when
light strikes the cell, a certain portion of it is absorbed within
the semiconductor material. The energy of the absorbed light is
transferred to the semiconductor, and knocks the electrons loose,
allowing them to flow freely. In addition, photovoltaic (PV) cells
also all have one or more electric fields that act to force
electrons freed by light absorption to flow in a certain direction.
The flow of electrons is a current, which can be used externally by
placing metal contacts on the top and bottom of the PV cell. This
current, together with the cell's voltage (which is a result of its
built-in electric field or fields), defines the power (or wattage)
that the solar cell produces.
[0070] FIG. 15 is a plan view of a sailboat with a retractable
solar panel system 500, which is attached to a telescoping or
retractable mast 550. As shown in FIG. 15, the retractable solar
panel system 500 includes a plurality of solar panels 510 attached
to one another and attached to a fixed stay 502, which is attached
at one end 504 to the hull of the sailboat at the other end 506 to
an upper end 572 of a telescoping or retractable mast 550. The
telescoping or retractable mast 550 is comprised of a plurality of
tubular sections 552, 554, 556, 558, 560 that slid inside each
other for easier storage when not being used. The telescoping mast
550 can be lengthen and shorten as desired. It can be appreciated
that the tubular sections 552, 554, 556, 558, 560 can have any
suitable cross-sectional design, which accommodates a telescoping
design, including rectangular and/or square. A handle or mechanical
winch system 580 can be used to raise and lower the mast 550.
[0071] The panel system 500 includes a pair of solar panels 522,
524 having a hinge 526, 528 between to allow the plurality of
panels 510 to be stacked when not in use. It can be appreciated
that the use of the solar panel system 500 and telescoping and/or
retractable mast is not limited to sailboats 10, and that the solar
panel system 500 and telescoping and/or retractable mast 550 can be
placed on any suitable structure including residential and
commercial buildings, windmills, water towers, billboards, support
structures such as bridges, radio masts, antennas, and towers, and
natural landforms, including hills, cliffs, fields, berms, mounds
and valleys.
[0072] FIG. 16 is a plan view of a solar panel system 700 in
accordance with a further embodiment. As shown in FIG. 16, the
solar panel system 700 is comprised of a plurality of solar panels
720, which are attached to a support member 710, in the form of a
pole or tubular member. In accordance with one embodiment, the
plurality of solar panels 720 is rotatable, such that the solar
panels 720 will lie in the same plane as the wind blows. The
rotatable solar panels 720 provide the solar panel system 700 with
the ability to be placed in areas of high winds without requiring
the face 730 of the solar panels 720 to be positioned directly into
the wind. Rather the solar panels 720 rotate such that the main
face 730 of the solar panel lies in the same direct as the wind
blows. If the direction of the wind changes, the solar panels 720
rotate, such that the face 730 of the solar panel 720 is always in
the same plane as the direction of the wind.
[0073] In accordance with one embodiment, the solar panels 720 can
be attached to the support member 710 by any suitable means, which
allows the solar panels 720 to rotate. For example, as shown in
FIG. 16, the solar panels 720 can be attached to the support member
710 with a coupling member 712, which rotates around the support
member 710. The solar panels 720 can also include indicia, such as
"HIGHPOINT" or other trade names for advertising or marketing
purposes.
[0074] It will be understood that the foregoing description is of
the preferred embodiments, and is, therefore, merely representative
of the article and methods of manufacturing the same. It can be
appreciated that many variations and modifications of the different
embodiments in light of the above teachings will be readily
apparent to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the exemplary
embodiments, as well as alternative embodiments, may be made
without departing from the spirit and scope of the articles and
methods as set forth in the attached claims.
* * * * *