U.S. patent application number 11/911135 was filed with the patent office on 2008-07-24 for layered sound absorptive non-woven fabric.
Invention is credited to Oldrich Jirsak, Klara Kalinova, Ladislav Mares, Filip Sanetrnik.
Application Number | 20080173497 11/911135 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36698795 |
Filed Date | 2008-07-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080173497 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kalinova; Klara ; et
al. |
July 24, 2008 |
Layered Sound Absorptive Non-Woven Fabric
Abstract
The invention relates to the layered sound absorptive non-woven
fabric containing the resonance membrane and at least one another
layer (1, 3) of the fibrous material at which the resonance
membrane is created by a layer (2) of nanofibres having diameter to
600 nanometers and of surface weight 0.1 to 5 g/m.sup.2, at the
same time the resonance membrane together with at least one layer
(1, 3) of fibrous material is formed by cross laying to the
required thickness and surface weight.
Inventors: |
Kalinova; Klara; (Jablonec
nad Nisou, CZ) ; Sanetrnik; Filip; (Liberec, CZ)
; Jirsak; Oldrich; (Liberec, CZ) ; Mares;
Ladislav; (Liberec, CZ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DORITY & MANNING, P.A.
POST OFFICE BOX 1449
GREENVILLE
SC
29602-1449
US
|
Family ID: |
36698795 |
Appl. No.: |
11/911135 |
Filed: |
April 10, 2006 |
PCT Filed: |
April 10, 2006 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/CZ2006/000017 |
371 Date: |
October 10, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
181/290 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B32B 2250/20 20130101;
B32B 2307/102 20130101; B32B 5/022 20130101; B32B 5/02 20130101;
B32B 2419/00 20130101; B32B 5/08 20130101; G10K 11/162 20130101;
G10K 11/168 20130101; B32B 2262/12 20130101; B32B 2605/00 20130101;
B32B 5/26 20130101; B32B 2262/0276 20130101; D04H 13/00 20130101;
D01D 5/0084 20130101; B32B 7/02 20130101; D04H 1/728 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
181/290 |
International
Class: |
E04B 1/74 20060101
E04B001/74 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 11, 2005 |
CZ |
PV 2005-226 |
Claims
1. The layered sound absorptive non-woven textile containing the
resonance membrane and at least one another layer of fibrous
material, characterised by that the resonance membrane is created
by a layer (2) of nanofibres of diameter to 600 nanometers and of
surface weight 0.1 to 5 g/m.sup.2.
2. The layered sound absorptive fabric according to the claim 1,
characterised by that the layer (2) of nanofibres is created
through electrostatic spinning of polymer solution.
3. The layered sound absorptive fabric according to the claim 2,
characterised by that the layer (2) of nanofibres is joined
together with at least one layer (1, 3) of carded fibrous web
composed of fibres having diameter of 10 to 45 micrometers and of
the surface weight 5 to 100 g/m.sup.2.
4. The layered sound absorptive fabric according to the claim 3,
characterised by that the layer (2) of nanofibres is joined on its
each side with a layer (1, 3) of carded fibrous web created by
fibres having diameter of 10 to 45 micrometers and of surface
weight 5 to 100 g/m.sup.2.
5. The layered sound absorptive non-woven textile according to any
of the previous claims, characterised by that the resonance
membrane together with another at least one layer (1, 3) of fibrous
material is formed by means of cross laying into the system of
layers having the required thickness and/or surface weight.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The invention relates to the layered sound absorptive
non-woven fabric containing the resonance membrane and at least one
another layer of fibrous material.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] The sound absorptive materials are generally used in
automotive, aviation, building as well as machinery industry. Their
task is to provide for hygiene of surroundings from the point of
view of undesired and harmful sound. The proposal itself of a
suitable acoustic material is based on frequency area of an
undesired sound in the given surroundings.
[0003] For absorbing of high frequency sound especially the porous
materials are used which are nevertheless unsuitable for absorbing
of sound of lower frequencies, this especially due to great
material thickness needed. Such used materials include for example
the melamine, polyurethane and metal foams or non-woven fabrics of
mineral or polymeric fibres. Such materials are not so much
suitable for absorbing of sound of lower frequencies, as a great
material thickness is needed.
[0004] To absorb the low frequencies, especially the structures
based on resonance principle are used, when through resonance of
some elements the acoustic energy is being transferred into a
thermal energy. Nevertheless these structures are absorbing the
sounds at a certain low frequency, while for other frequencies its
absorbing is very little. The combinations of perforated panel,
absorptive material and possibly the air gaps are being used. The
characteristics of perforated panel is given by number, diameter
and arrangement of gaps.
[0005] The general objective is to combine the above mentioned
characteristics into one acoustic system, which would be able to
absorb both the sound of low as well as the sound of high
frequencies.
[0006] The layered sound absorptive material composed of one or
several identical layers of fibres of diameter 0.05 to 5
micrometers obtained through splitting of the PVA foil is known
from the JP 10251951 A. These fibres usually show a broad
distribution of diameters, but only a very low percentage of these
fibres may have the diameter under 1 micrometer. The data on sound
absorption at low frequency, which shows a low efficiency of 10
percent also corresponds to this fact.
[0007] The layered sound absorptive material composed of several
layers of non-woven fabric and several layers of polyester fibres
of common diameters produced by means of the melt-blown method,
through which the smallest diameter of fibres of about 1 micrometer
may be achieved, is known from the JP 2003049351 A. The
disadvantage is that this material is designated especially for
absorbing of sound of medium frequencies, namely from 1000 to 4000
Hz.
[0008] The objective of the invention is to eliminate or at least
to minimise the disadvantages of present state of the art and to
create a fabric capable at low thickness to absorb both the low as
well as the high frequencies of sound.
THE PRINCIPLE OF INVENTION
[0009] The objective of the invention has been achieved by a
layered sound absorptive non-woven fabric containing the resonance
membrane and at least one another layer of fibrous material, whose
principle consists in that the resonance membrane is formed by a
layer of nanofibres of diameter to 600 nanometers and of surface
weight 0.1 to 5 g/m.sup.2, when the resonance membrane together
with at least one layer of fibrous material is formed by means of
cross laying to the required thickness and surface weight.
[0010] At the same time it is advantageous if the layer of
nanofibres is created through the electrostatic spinning of polymer
solution, as such layer of nanofibres may be applied on the
substrate layer of fibrous material during spinning, and joined
with this layer consequently.
[0011] The substrate layer of fibrous material is, according to the
claim 3, with advantage created by at least one layer of carded
fibrous web consisting of fibres having diameter of 10 to 45
micrometers and of surface weight of 5 to 100 g/m.sup.2.
[0012] To increase the absorption capacity, the layer of nanofibres
with a layer of carded fibrous web consisting of fibres having
diameter of 10 to 45 micrometers and surface weight of 5 to 100
g/m.sup.2 is joined on its each side.
[0013] The sound absorptive fabric according to the invention
absorbs the sound at low frequencies and simultaneously it does not
lose the ability of absorption capacity for the higher sound
frequencies. Through this ability, which is based on the resonance
effect of nanofibre layer damped in elastic manner by the substrate
layer created with advantage by the carded fibrous web, it
surpasses to date known materials.
DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0014] The examples of invention execution are schematically shown
on the enclosed drawings, where
[0015] the FIG. 1 shows the cross section of fabric made of carded
fibrous web and a nanofibre layer,
[0016] the FIG. 2 the cross section of fabric made of carded
fibrous web, a nanofibre layer and another layer of carded fibrous
web,
[0017] the FIG. 3 shows the cross section of fabric made of layer
of carded fibrous web, a nanofibre layer and a couple of another
layers of carded fibrous web,
[0018] the FIG. 4 the cross section of fabric made of layer of
carded fibrous web, a nanonfibre layer and a trio of layers of
carded fibrous web,
[0019] the FIGS. 5 to 11 show the dependence of coefficient of
sound absorption capacity on the sound frequency and surface weight
of the nanofibre layer itself for examples 1 to 7.
EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT
[0020] The layered sound absorptive non-woven fabric according to
FIG. 1 contains the resonance membrane created by a layer 2 of
nanofibres of diameter to 600 nanometers produced through
electrostatic spinning and of surface weight of 0.1 to 5 g/m.sup.2,
and a layer 1 of carded fibrous web, when in the advantageous
execution the layer 1 of carded fibrous web creates the carrying
layer to which during electrostatic spinning the layer 2 of
produced nanofibres is deposited, after which both layers join
together through a known way at a specified temperature in the
hot-air chamber.
[0021] At the sound absorptive fabric according to FIG. 2 on the
fabric according to FIG. 1 there is applied another layer 3 of
carded fibrous web, namely from the originally free side of the
layer 2 of nanofibres. At the further executions, another layer 3
may be a double one--see the FIG. 3, or a triple one--see the FIG.
4.
[0022] To reach the suitable thickness and surface weight of the
resulted sound absorptive non-woven fabric, it is advantageous if,
after creating the fabric of individual layers according to FIG. 1
to 4, this fabric is formed by means of cross laying to the
required thickness and to the required surface weight.
[0023] The layer 2 of nanofibres fulfils the function of acoustic
resonance membrane vibrating at the low frequency. This character
is given by the nano-dimensions of space among the fibres. If a
sound wave falls to the acoustic resonance membrane, it brings it
to the forced vibration, whose amplitude is maximum in case of
resonance, simultaneously the neighbouring layers 1, 3 of carded
fibrous web provide for a sufficient damping of the vibrating
membrane, at the same time the maximum quantity of the sound energy
gathered in the resonator is transferred into a heat. The layer 1
and/or 3 of the carded fibrous web provides not only for a
sufficient damping of vibrating membrane created by a layer 2 of
nanofibres, but also absorbs the sounds of higher frequencies. The
above mentioned layers 1, 2, 3 are at the same time associated into
one resonance system through laying of individual layers 1, 2, 3
one on another and through their joining for example in the hot-air
bonding chamber. Through this laying of resonance elements, such a
material is being produced which, thanks to the resonance membrane
created by the layer 2 of nanofibres, absorbs the sound of low
frequencies and simultaneously through the layer 1 and/or 3 of the
carded fibrous web, also the sound of higher frequencies. The
fabric according to the invention reaches high values of
coefficient of sound absorption capacity for the sounds of low as
well as of high frequency, simultaneously it is possible to adjust
the material thickness and possibly its surface weight to various
requirements.
[0024] The particular examples of execution of sound absorptive
fabrics according to the invention are described lower.
Example 1
[0025] The sound absorptive fabric contains a layer 1 of carded
fibrous web of surface weight of 11 gm.sup.-2 produced on the
carding machine of the bicomponent fibre of the core-coating type
composed of the polyester core and the copolyester coating of the
count 5.3 dtex. The layer 2 of nanofibres of surface weight 2
gm.sup.-2 is applied onto this layer of fibrous web 1 through
electrostatic spinning. Onto a pair of layers 1, 2 prepared in this
way, from the side of layer 2 of nanofibres there is positioned
another layer 3 of the carded fibrous web. The basic fabric is then
created according to FIG. 2 and consequently formed by means of
cross laying into the sound absorptive fabric of total thickness of
25 mm and surface weight of 630 gm.sup.-2. The sound absorptive
fabric passes through the hot-air chamber at the temperature of
circulating air of 140.degree. C., through which the neighbouring
layers are joined mutually. This sound absorptive fabric may
contain the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight in the range
from 2 gm.sup.-2 to 0.1 gm.sup.-2.
[0026] The FIG. 5 shows the dependence of coefficient of sound
absorption capacity on the sound frequency and surface weight of
the layer 2 of nanofibres itself for the sound absorptive fabric
according to the example 1, at the same time the curve N1 expresses
this dependence for the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight
of 2 gm.sup.-2, the curve N2 for the layer 2 of nanofibres with
surface weight of 1 gm.sup.-2, the curve N3 for the layer 2 of
nanofibres with surface weight of 0.5 gm.sup.-2, the curve N4 for
the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.3 gm.sup.-2 and
the curve N5 for the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of
0.1 gm.sup.-2. The curve P expresses this dependence for a fabric
containing only a layer of carded fibrous web, i.e. without using
the layer 2 of nanofibres. From the course of individual curves it
is possible to select composition of sound absorptive fabric
according to actual needs of the issue being solved.
Example 2
[0027] The sound absorptive fabric shown in the FIG. 1 contains a
layer 1 of carded fibrous web with the surface weight of 11
gm.sup.-2 produced on the carding machine of the bicomponent fibres
of the core-coating type composed of the polyester core and the
copolyester coating of the count 5.3 dtex. The layer 2 of
nanofibres with surface weight from 2 to 0.1 gm.sup.-2 is applied
onto the layer 1 of fibrous web through electrostatic spinning, in
the same manner as in the example 1. Fabric of these two layers 1,
2 is after then formed through a cross laying into a sound
absorptive fabric with a total thickness of 35 mm and surface
weight of 630 gm.sup.-2, after which it is heat treated in the same
manner as in the example 1, through which the neighbouring layers
are joined.
[0028] The dependence of coefficient of sound absorption capacity
on the sound frequency and surface weight of the layer 2 of
nanofibres itself for the fabric according to the example 2 is
shown in FIG. 6, at the same time the curve J3 expresses this
dependence for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.5
gm.sup.-2, the curve J4 for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface
weight of 0.3 gm.sup.-2 and the curve J5 for the layer 2 of
nanofibres with surface weight of 0.3 gm.sup.-2.
Example 3
[0029] The sound absorptive fabric is produced in the same manner
as in example 1, when the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight
from 2 to 0.1 gm.sup.-2 is applied on the basic layer 1 of carded
fibrous web through the electrostatic spinning. On such a pair of
layers 1, 2 prepared in this manner, there is positioned another
layer 3 of carded fibrous web from the side of the layer 2 of
nanofibres. The fabric is then created according to the FIG. 2 and
consequently formed through the cross laying into the sound
absorptive fabric with the total thickness of 35 mm and surface
weight of 630 gm.sup.-2, after which it is heat treated in the same
manner as in the example 1.
[0030] The dependence of coefficient of sound absorption capacity
on the sound frequency and surface weight of the layer 2 of
nanofibres for the sound absorptive fabric according to the example
3 is shown in FIG. 7, at the same time the curve N1 expresses this
dependence for the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 2
gm.sup.-2, the curve N2 for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface
weight of 1 gm.sup.-2, the curve N3 for layer 2 of nanofibres with
surface weight of 0.5 gm.sup.-2, the curve N4 for layer 2 of
nanofibres with surface weight of 0.3 gm.sup.-2 and the curve N5
for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.1 gm.sup.-2. The
curve P expresses this dependence for fabric containing a layer of
carded fibrous web only, i.e. without usage of layer 2 of
nanofibres.
Example 4
[0031] The sound absorptive fabric is produced in the same manner
as in example 1, when the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight
from 2 to 0.1 gm.sup.-2 is applied on the basic layer 1 of carded
fibrous web through the electrostatic spinning. On such a pair of
layers 1, 2 prepared in this manner, there are positioned another
two layers 3 of carded fibrous web from the side of the layer 2 of
nanofibres. The fabric is then created according to FIG. 3. The
fabric created in this manner is further formed by means of cross
laying into the sound absorptive fabric of the total thickness of
35 mm and the surface weight of 630 gm.sup.-2. The fabric created
in this manner is subject to the heat treatment, the same as in the
example 1.
[0032] The FIG. 8 shows the dependence of coefficient of sound
absorption capacity on the sound frequency and surface weight of
the layer 2 of nanofibres itself for the sound absorptive fabric
according to the example 4, at the same time the curve PP1
expresses this dependence for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface
weight of 2 gm.sup.-2, the curve PP2 for layer 2 of nanofibres with
surface weight of 1 gm.sup.-2, the curve PP3 for layer 2 of
nanofibres with surface weight of 0.5 gm.sup.-2, the curve PP4 for
layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.3 gm.sup.-2 and the
curve PP5 for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.1
gm.sup.-2.
Example 5
[0033] The sound absorptive fabric is produced in the same manner
as in example 1, when the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight
from 2 to 0.1 gm.sup.-2 is applied on the basic layer 1 of carded
fibrous web through the electrostatic spinning. On such a pair of
layers 1, 2 prepared in this manner, there are positioned another
three layers 3 of carded fibrous web from the side of the layer 2
of nanofibres. The fabric is then created according to the FIG. 4.
The fabric created in this manner is further formed by means of
cross laying into the sound absorptive fabric of the total
thickness of 35 mm and with the surface weight of 630 gm.sup.-2.
The fabric created in this manner is subject to the heat treatment,
the same as in the example 1.
[0034] The FIG. 9 shows the dependence of coefficient of sound
absorption capacity on the sound frequency and surface weight of
the layer 2 of nanofibres itself for fabric according to the
example 5, at the same time the curve PPP2 expresses this
dependence for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 1
gm.sup.-2, the curve PPP3 for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface
weight of 0.5 gm.sup.-2 and the curve PPP4 for layer 2 of
nanofibres with surface weight of 0.3 gm.sup.-2.
Example 6
[0035] The sound absorptive fabric is produced in the same manner
as in example 1, when the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight
from 2 to 0.1 gm.sup.-2 is applied on the basic layer 1 of carded
fibrous web through the electrostatic spinning. On such a pair of
layers 1, 2 prepared in this manner, there are positioned another
two layers 3 of carded fibrous web from the side of the layer 2 of
nanofibres. The fabric is then created according to the FIG. 3 and
further formed by means of cross laying into the sound absorptive
fabric of the total thickness of 35 mm and with the surface weight
of 450 gm.sup.-2, after which it is subject to the heat treatment,
the same as in the example 1.
[0036] The FIG. 10 shows the dependence of coefficient of sound
absorption capacity on the sound frequency and surface weight of
the layer 2 itself of nanofibres for the sound absorptive fabric
according to the example 6, at the same time the curve PP1
expresses this dependence for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface
weight of 2 gm.sup.-2, the curve PP2 for layer 2 of nanofibres with
surface weight of 1 gm.sup.-2, the curve PP3 for layer 2 of
nanofibres with surface weight of 0.5 gm.sup.-2, the curve PP4 for
layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.3 gm.sup.-2 and the
curve PP5 for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.1
gm.sup.-2.
Example 7
[0037] The sound absorptive fabric is produced in the same manner
as in example 1, when the layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight
from 2 to 0.1 gm.sup.-2 is applied on the basic layer 1 of carded
fibrous web through the electrostatic spinning. On such a pair of
layers 1, 2 prepared in this manner, there are positioned another
three layers 3 of carded fibrous web from the side of the layer 2
of nanofibres. The fabric is then created according to the FIG. 4.
The fabric is then created according to the FIG. 4 and further
formed by means of cross laying into the sound absorptive fabric of
the total thickness of 35 mm and with the surface weight of 450
gm.sup.-2, after which it is subject to the heat treatment, in the
same manner as in the example 1.
[0038] The FIG. 11 shows the dependence of coefficient of sound
absorption capacity on the sound frequency and surface weight of
the layer 2 itself of nanofibres for the sound absorptive fabric
according to the example 7, at the same time the curve PPP1
expresses this dependence for the layer 2 of nanofibres with
surface weight of 2 gm.sup.-2, the curve PPP2 for layer 2 of
nanofibres with surface weight of 1 gm.sup.-2, the curve PPP3 for
layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.5 gm.sup.-2 and the
curve PPP4 for layer 2 of nanofibres with surface weight of 0.3
gm.sup.-2.
[0039] The above mentioned examples of usage are illustrative only
and the invention relates as well to the sound absorptive fabrics
containing layers of carded fibrous web of other surface weights
and/or composed from other fibres and also to other surface
weights, selected as need may be, of nanofibre layers. In no way
the invention is limited to the described number of layers of sound
absorptive fabric. The shown dependencies of coefficient of sound
absorption capacity on sound frequency and the surface weight of
the nanofibre layer itself prove a high sound absorption capacity
of the fabric according to the invention, especially in the areas
of 500 to 6000 Hz, when the coefficient of sound absorption
capacity varies from 0.8 to nearly 1.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0040] The invention is applicable especially at the producers of
sound absorptive lining and components for automotive, aviation,
building and machinery industry, and if compared with the present
state of the art it considerably improves the hygiene of
surroundings in the sphere of an undesired sound.
* * * * *