U.S. patent application number 11/646883 was filed with the patent office on 2008-07-03 for supplemental resistance assembly for resisting motion of an exercise device.
This patent application is currently assigned to Precor Incorporated. Invention is credited to James S. Birrell, David E. Dyer, Sean Horita, Jonathan M. Stewart, Rodney P. West.
Application Number | 20080161163 11/646883 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39226776 |
Filed Date | 2008-07-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080161163 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Stewart; Jonathan M. ; et
al. |
July 3, 2008 |
Supplemental resistance assembly for resisting motion of an
exercise device
Abstract
An exercise apparatus for a user. The exercise apparatus
includes a frame, a crank system coupled to the frame, a pivotal
linkage pendulum system, a foot member and first and second
directional resistance systems. The crank system includes one or
more crank members. The pivotal linkage pendulum system comprises
at least a first link member. The first link member is coupled to
the crank system through at least a first pivot point. The first
pivot point of the first link member is configured to move in a
path during use. The foot member is coupled to the at least one
first link member. The first and second directional resistance
systems are each coupled to the crank system. The first direction
is different from the second direction.
Inventors: |
Stewart; Jonathan M.;
(Seattle, WA) ; Dyer; David E.; (Renton, WA)
; Birrell; James S.; (Seattle, WA) ; West; Rodney
P.; (Kirkland, WA) ; Horita; Sean; (Seattle,
WA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
TERENCE P. O'BRIEN;AMER SPORTS NORTH AMERICA
8750 W. BRYN MAWR AVENUE
CHICAGO
IL
60631
US
|
Assignee: |
Precor Incorporated
|
Family ID: |
39226776 |
Appl. No.: |
11/646883 |
Filed: |
December 28, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
482/51 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 21/008 20130101;
A63B 22/0017 20151001; A63B 21/225 20130101; A63B 2022/0041
20130101; A63B 2022/0682 20130101; A63B 2071/0063 20130101; A63B
22/0664 20130101; A63B 21/0051 20130101; A63B 22/001 20130101; A63B
21/0053 20130101; A63B 2022/0038 20130101; A63B 24/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
482/51 |
International
Class: |
A63B 22/12 20060101
A63B022/12 |
Claims
1. An exercise apparatus for a user comprising: a frame; a crank
system coupled to the frame, the crank system comprises one or more
crank members; a pivotal linkage pendulum system comprising at
least a first link member, the first link member coupled to the
crank system through at least a first pivot point, and the first
pivot point of the first link member configured to move in a path
during use; a foot member coupled to the at least one first link
member; a first directional resistance system coupled to the crank
system; and a second directional resistance system coupled to the
crank system, wherein the first direction is different from the
second direction.
2. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the first directional
resistance system is a generally vertical resistance system, and
wherein the second directional resistance system is a generally
horizontal resistance system.
3. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the second resistance
system comprises a system for applying a braking or retarding force
to the movement of the pivotal linkage pendulum system.
4. The exercise apparatus of claim 3, wherein the system for
applying a braking or retarding force comprises an eddy current
brake.
5. The exercise apparatus of claim 2, wherein the horizontal
resistance system provides resistance at the foot member varying
from zero force at zero velocity to a maximum force at full
velocity.
6. The exercise apparatus of claim 2, wherein the horizontal
resistance system provides constant resistance.
7. The exercise apparatus of claim 2, wherein the horizontal
resistance system provides resistance to the foot member in the
fore and aft directions from about 0.5 to about 15.0 pounds.
8. The exercise apparatus of claim 7, wherein the horizontal
resistance system provides resistance to the foot member in the
fore and aft directions from about 2.0 to about 10.0 pounds.
9. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the at least a first
link member comprises at least the first link member and a second
link member, wherein the pivot point of the first link member is an
upper pivot point, and wherein the second link member is coupled to
the frame.
10. The exercise apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a footpad
coupled to the foot member, the footpad provided with a forward
securement member.
11. The exercise apparatus of claim 10, wherein the forward
securement member is a toe clip.
12. The exercise apparatus of claim 2, wherein the foot member is
configured to move in a user defined motion, and wherein the user
defined motion has a vertical component and a horizontal
component.
13. The exercise apparatus of claim 12, wherein the user defined
motion can be altered by the user as desired.
14. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pivotal linkage
pendulum system comprises a corresponding pair of four or more bar
linkages.
15. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, further comprising a step-up
base, and wherein at least a portion of the base is positioned
beneath at least a portion of the foot member.
17. The exercise apparatus of claim 1, wherein the pivotal linkage
pendulum system includes a swing arm for engaging the upper body of
the user.
18. The exercise apparatus of claim 3, wherein the system for
applying a braking or retarding force comprises at least one of a
resistance pulley and a rocker link.
19. The exercise apparatus of claim 17, wherein the resistance
pulley has an available operating motion that is less than a
complete revolution.
20. A resistance system for an exercise apparatus that has both a
horizontal and a vertical motion component, comprising: a foot
member; a vertical variable resistance system coupled to the foot
member; and a horizontal variable resistance system coupled to the
foot member, the horizontal resistance system providing resistance
to the foot member varying from 0.5 pounds of force at a generally
horizontal velocity of zero to a maximum resistance at a full
generally horizontal velocity.
21. The resistance system of claim 20, wherein the horizontal
resistance system comprises a system for applying a braking or
retarding force to the movement of the pivotal linkage pendulum
system.
22. The resistance system of claim 21, wherein the system for
applying a braking or retarding force comprises an eddy current
brake.
23. The resistance system of claim 20, wherein the horizontal
resistance system provides resistance to the foot member in the
fore and aft directions from about 0.5 pounds of force to about
15.0 pounds of force.
24. The resistance system of claim 20, wherein the horizontal
resistance system provides resistance to the foot member in the
fore and aft directions from about 2.0 pounds of force to about
10.0 pounds of force.
25. The resistance system of claim 20 further comprising a footpad
coupled to the foot member, the footpad provided with a forward
securement member.
26. The resistance system of claim 25, wherein the forward
securement member is a toe clip.
27. The resistance system of claim 20, wherein the vertical
resistance system comprises a system for applying a braking or
retarding force.
28. A resistance system for an exercise apparatus that has both a
horizontal and a vertical motion component, comprising: a foot
member; a variable vertical resistance system coupled to the foot
member; and a variable horizontal resistance system coupled to the
foot member, the horizontal resistance system providing a user
selectable resistance within the range of about 0.5 pounds of force
to about 15.0 pounds in the fore and aft direction.
29. The resistance system of claim 28, wherein the resistance of
the horizontal resistance system is within the range of about 2.0
to about 10.0 pounds.
30. The resistance system of claim 28, wherein the horizontal
resistance system comprises a system for applying a braking or
retarding force to the movement of the pivotal linkage pendulum
system.
31. The resistance system of claim 30, wherein the system for
applying a braking or retarding force comprises an eddy current
brake.
32. The resistance system of claim 28 further comprising a footpad
coupled to the foot member, the footpad provided with a forward
securement member.
33. The resistance system of claim 32, wherein the forward
securement member is a toe clip.
34. The resistance system of claim 28, wherein the vertical
resistance system comprises a system for applying a braking or
retarding force.
35. A resistance system for an exercise apparatus that has both a
horizontal and a vertical motion component, comprising: a foot
member; a vertical variable resistance system coupled to the foot
member; and a horizontal resistance system coupled to the foot
member, the horizontal resistance system providing constant
resistance within the range of about 0.05 pounds of force to about
15.0 pounds of force.
36. The resistance system of claim 35, wherein the constant
resistance of the horizontal resistance system is within the range
of about 2.0 to about 10.0 pounds.
37. The resistance system of claim 35, wherein the horizontal
resistance system comprises a system for applying a braking or
retarding force to the movement of the pivotal linkage pendulum
system.
38. The resistance system of claim 37, wherein the system for
applying a braking or retarding force comprises an eddy current
brake.
39. The resistance system of claim 35 further comprising a footpad
coupled to the foot member, the footpad provided with a forward
securement member.
40. The resistance system of claim 39, wherein the forward
securement member is a toe clip.
41. The resistance system of claim 35, wherein the vertical
resistance system comprises a system for applying a braking or
retarding force.
Description
RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is related to U.S. patent application Ser.
No. ______ titled "End of Travel Stops for An Exercise Device"
filed concurrently herewith and assigned to the same assignee as
the present application.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to exercise equipment.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The benefits of regular aerobic exercise have been well
established and accepted. However, due to time constraints,
inclement weather, and other reasons, many people are prevented
from aerobic activities such as walking, jogging, running, and
swimming. As a result, a variety of exercise equipment has been
developed for aerobic activity.
[0004] From their humble beginnings as free weights and bicycles
mounted on wooden platforms, exercise equipment such as stationary
bicycles, treadmills, elliptical fitness trainers, stair climbers,
and the like have grown increasingly sophisticated. However, the
very advantage of the exercise equipment referenced above--the
ability to use such equipment conveniently, in a relatively
confined space, and in inclement weather--results in exercise
devices that can be relatively monotonous to use. It is well known
that the more stimulating and enjoyable the experience of
exercising is to a user, the longer and more frequently that user
will exercise. Unfortunately, many users find spending long hours
doing repetitive forms of stationary exercise hard work and boring,
sometimes so much so that the exercise equipment is abandoned in
favor of more entertaining activity.
[0005] One type of exercise machine addresses the repetition of
movement of the user by enabling the user to exercise without
requiring a predetermined motion thereby gaining the desirable
result of increasing mobility and freedom of movement, while
minimizing boredom. Examples of such user defined motion fitness
equipment can include pendulum motion-type exercise apparatus. Such
user defined motion fitness equipment allow the user to control the
foot path rather than the machine guiding the foot such as current
elliptical machines, stepping machines and stationary cycles. One
benefit user defined motion fitness equipment is that the user is
able to control the stride length and overall foot motion to fit
their needs, such as to replicate running, walking, or stepping.
Another benefit is that the user can change between such motions
whenever desired using a single exercise device.
[0006] However, existing user defined motion fitness equipment,
such as pendulum motion-type exercise apparatus, have drawbacks.
Existing user defined motion fitness equipment typically include
only a single resistance system that is configured to inhibit or
resist motion of the exercise device foot pads in a single
direction, typically a generally vertical direction. The freedom of
motion in the fore and aft direction that provides the horizontal
motion of the foot of the user is typically un-resisted.
[0007] It has been found that having un-resisted free travel in the
fore and aft directions of such user defined motion fitness
equipment provides too much freedom for a user. The result of this
excessive freedom is a foot path that can be unpredictable as well
as often uncontrollable by the user. For example, a user could be
attempting to execute a climbing or stepping motion only to have
the foot path change involuntarily to a backward kidney bean shaped
motion. Such unintended motion can frustrate the user, and even
increase the risk of injury.
[0008] Accordingly, a continuing need exists for an exercise device
that provides a user with a variety of smooth natural available
exercise paths or foot motions, exercises a relatively large number
of muscles through a large range of motion, and provides such foot
motions in a safe and stable manner. There is also a need for an
exercise device that enables the user to exercise muscles in a
smooth natural manner over a large range of motion, without
applying undesirable impact loads to the user's joints. It would be
desirable for such an exercise device to be configured for
convenient use in a relatively confined space even in inclement
weather. Further, a continuing need also exists for an exercise
device that provides a variety of user defined unique engaging
motions and is tun to use. It would be desirable for such an
exercise device to provide available resistance in more than one
general direction, such as resisted free travel in the fore and aft
directions, without detracting from the unique engaging motion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0009] The present invention provides an exercise apparatus for a
user. The exercise apparatus includes a frame, a crank system
coupled to the frame, a pivotal linkage pendulum system, a foot
member and first and second directional resistance systems. The
crank system includes one or more crank members. The pivotal
linkage pendulum system comprises at least a first link member. The
first link member is coupled to the crank system through at least a
first pivot point. The first pivot point of the first link member
is configured to move in a path during use. The foot member is
coupled to the at least one first link member. The first and second
directional resistance systems are each coupled to the crank
system. The first direction is different from the second
direction.
[0010] According to a principal aspect of a preferred form of the
invention, a resistance system for an exercise apparatus that has
both a horizontal and a vertical motion component. The resistance
system includes a foot member, a vertical resistance system and a
horizontal resistance system. The vertical and horizontal
resistance systems are each coupled to the foot member. The
horizontal resistance system provides resistance to the foot member
that varies from 0.5 pounds of force at zero generally horizontal
velocity to a maximum resistance at full generally horizontal
velocity.
[0011] According to a principal aspect of a preferred form of the
invention, a resistance system for an exercise apparatus that has
both a horizontal and a vertical motion component. The resistance
system includes a foot member, a variable vertical resistance
system and a variable horizontal resistance system. The vertical
and horizontal resistance systems are each coupled to the foot
member. The horizontal resistance system provides a resistance
within the range of about 0.5 pounds to about 15.0 pounds in the
fore and aft direction.
[0012] According to a principal aspect of a preferred form of the
invention, a resistance system for an exercise apparatus that has
both a horizontal and a vertical motion component. The resistance
system includes a foot member, a vertical resistance system and a
horizontal resistance system. The vertical and horizontal
resistance systems are each coupled to the foot member. The
horizontal resistance system provides constant resistance within
the range of about 0.5 pounds to about 15.0 pounds.
[0013] An exercise device in accordance with the principles of the
present invention provides for smooth natural action, exercises a
relatively large number of muscles through a large range of motion,
and provides for safety and stability. An exercise device in
accordance with the principles of the present invention enables the
user to exercise muscles in a smooth natural manner over a large
range of motion, without applying undesirable impact loads to the
user's joints. An exercise device in accordance with the principles
of the present invention is configured for convenient use in a
relatively confined space even in inclement weather. An exercise
device in accordance with the principles of the present invention
provides a unique engaging motion and is fun to use. An exercise
device in accordance with the principles of the present invention
provides resisted free travel in the fore and aft directions of
user defined motion fitness equipment without detracting from the
unique engaging motion.
[0014] This invention will become more fully understood from the
following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the
accompanying drawings described herein below, and wherein like
reference numerals refer to like parts.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] FIG. 1 is a front perspective view of an exercise device in
accordance with the principles of the present invention.
[0016] FIG. 2 is a front perspective view of the exercise device of
FIG. 1 with a shroud removed.
[0017] FIG. 3 is a detailed front perspective view of a portion of
the exercise device of FIG. 1.
[0018] FIG. 4 is a rear perspective view of the exercise device of
FIG. 2.
[0019] FIG. 5 is a graph of the non-linear profile of the stop
point of the exercise device of FIG. 1.
[0020] FIG. 6 is a detailed rear elevated view of a portion of the
exercise device of FIG. 1.
[0021] FIG. 7 is a detailed rear perspective view of another
portion of the exercise device of FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0022] While an exemplary embodiment of the invention has been
illustrated and described, it will be appreciated that various
changes can be made therein without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention.
[0023] FIGS. 1-7 illustrates an example embodiment of an exercise
or fitness device suitable for use with the present invention.
While the example embodiment described herein is a pendulum
motion-type exercise device, the principles of the present
invention apply to other fitness devices, particularly those in
which the user is relatively mobile.
[0024] Referring to FIG. 1, a perspective view of an embodiment of
a pendulum motion-type exercise device 10 is seen. A frame 12 is
provided that can include a basic supporting framework. The frame
12 can be any structure that provides support for one or more
components of the exercise device 10. A pair of footpads 14 is
provided on which the user stands. In one embodiment, a rear
support base or platform 31 can be provided connected to the frame
12 that provides further support to the exercise device 10 and acts
as a step-up to the footpads 14.
[0025] Left and right pivoting linkage pendulum systems 15 are
provided. The discussion below will focus on the right pivoting
linkage pendulum system 15. However, the description is applicable
to the left pivoting linkage pendulum system 15 as well. In one
embodiment, the linkage pendulum system 15 includes a lower and
upper generally horizontal links 21 and 23, a rear link member 18,
a forward generally vertical link 27, and a pivot shaft 25 (or a
spindle). Although the lower and upper generally horizontal links
21 and 23, and the forward generally vertical link 27 incorporate
the terms horizontal and vertical, these terms are intended to
refer to the general orientation of these links at an at rest
position and their position may vary by as much as 25 degrees from
horizontal or vertical. The lower and upper horizontal links 21 and
23, and the forward vertical link 27 will not always lie in a
horizontal plane or a vertical plane, respectively. Rather, their
positions will remain at or near the respective horizontal or
vertical planes during use or while in a rest position.
[0026] The footpad 14 is coupled to a rear portion of the lower
horizontal link 21. The lower horizontal link 21 serves as a
footlink linking the footpad 14 to the remaining portions of the
pendulum system 15. The lower horizontal link 21 swings or
oscillates, but remains generally at or near horizontal, during
use. The horizontal link 21 is coupled near its rear end to a lower
end of the rear link member 18 and is pivotally coupled at its
forward end to the lower end of the forward vertical link 27. The
rear link member 18 upwardly extends from its pivotal coupling with
the lower horizontal link 21 in a generally vertical direction. The
coupling of the rear link member 18 and the lower horizontal link
21 can occur adjacent a forward portion of the footpad 14. The
upper end of the rear link member 18 is pivotally coupled to a rear
portion of the upper horizontal link 23. The upper horizontal link
23 extends generally horizontally and maintains a position that is
generally parallel with the lower horizontal link 21 during use. A
central region of the upper horizontal member 23 is pivotally
coupled to the pivot shaft 25, and a forward end of the upper
horizontal member 23 is pivotally coupled to an upper end of a
vertical resistance link 30. The pivot shaft 25 is directly coupled
to the frame 12. The pivotal coupling of the central region of the
upper horizontal member 23 to the pivot shaft 25 enables the rear
portion of the upper horizontal member 23 (a cantilevered end
region of the upper horizontal member 23) to be raised upward or
downward during use thereby allowing for more pronounced available
vertical motion to the exercise device 10 during use. The forward
vertical link 27 extends upward, generally vertically, from its
coupling at its lower end to the forward end of the lower
horizontal link 21. The forward vertical link 27 is pivotally
coupled to the frame 12 at the pivot shaft 25. The forward vertical
link 27 and the upper horizontal link 23 are configured to
independently pivot about the pivot shaft 25. Thus, the rear link
member 18, the lower and upper horizontal links 21 and 23, the
forward vertical link 27, and the pivot shaft 25 comprise the
pivotal linkage pendulum system 15.
[0027] Additionally, the resistance systems of the present
Application are referred to in terms of vertical and horizontal
resistance systems. The terms vertical and horizontal, in context
of the resistance systems, are used in association with an
embodiment of the invention, and the invention is not limited to
resistance systems that are directed to vertical and horizontal
movements only. Rather, the present Application relates to first
and second resistance systems, or primary and supplemental
resistance systems. The orientation or application of the first and
second resistance systems is not limited to vertical and horizontal
application only. The present invention involves the application of
a second or supplemental resistance system to improve the operation
of an exercise device and is not limited to a specific orientation
for the second or supplemental resistance application.
[0028] A swing arm 29 can be provided by extending the forward
vertical link 27 above the pivot shaft 25 a predetermined amount.
The length and configuration of the swing arm 29 can be varied to
match a desired motion and/or feel during use. An aesthetic shroud
33 can partially cover the exercise device 10.
[0029] In use, the pivotal linkage pendulum system 15 and the
remaining components of the exercise device, enable the user to
increase or decrease the stride length or stride of the exercise
device as desired. As the user increases his or her stride length
or tries to increase his or her cadence, the potential for the foot
of the user to disengage, slide or slip from, the footpad 14
increases. Thus, in one embodiment the footpads 14 can be provided
with a foot securement member. The foot securement member can be a
toe clip 16, a strap or other foot coupling apparatus. Toe clips
will be discussed in more detail; however, the discussion is also
applicable to other forms of foot securement members. The toe clips
16 can be fixedly or removably connected to the foot pads 14. In
another embodiment, the toe clip 16 can be integrally formed with
the foot pad 14. The toe clips 16 enable a user to easily and
removably secure his or her foot on the footpad 14 while inhibiting
forward movement or forward slippage of the user's foot during use.
Accordingly, the toe clips 16 not only properly secure the user's
feet with the exercise device 10, but the toe clips 16 also enable
the user to readily impart a forward force onto the footpad 14 with
the toe clip 16. In some configurations, the toe clips 14 can also
enable the user to readily impart an upward force onto the toe clip
16 and foot pad 14 assembly. The user therefore can drive his or
her foot forward and even upward without experiencing foot
slippage. Additionally, by enabling the user to utilize these
additional movements, additional large muscle group involvement as
well as the smaller stabilizer muscle groups are engaged throughout
the exercise resulting in higher aerobic training effect. A still
further benefit of the use of the toe clips is that more muscles
can be exercised throughout the full range of motion rather than
just during flexion or just during extension.
[0030] FIG. 2 shows the pendulum motion-type exercise device 10
with the shroud 33 removed. The upper end of the vertical
resistance link 30 is pivotally coupled to and extends generally
vertically and downward from the forward end of the upper
horizontal link 23. At an end opposite the upper horizontal link
23, the vertical resistance link 30 is connected to a generally
vertical resistance system 17.
[0031] The vertical resistance system 17 can comprise a crank
member 32 having a first end that is pivotally coupled to a lower
end of the vertical resistance link 30. A second end of the crank
member 32 is coupled to a shaft 35. During use, the back and forth
motion of the lower horizontal link 21, the rear link member 18,
and the forward vertical link 27 typically includes at least some
vertical component that causes the upper horizontal link 23 to
pivot about its pivotal coupling to the pivot shaft 25. This
pivotal movement causes the forward end of the upper horizontal
link 23 to oscillate upward and downward. Further, when the user
imparts a downward force onto the foot pad 14, or an upward force
onto the toe clip 16, these forces also cause the upper horizontal
member 23 to pivot or oscillate about its pivotal coupling to the
pivot shaft 25. This pivotal motion also contributes to the upward
and downward oscillating motion of the forward end of the upper
horizontal member 23. The shaft 35 and the pivot shaft 25 each
connect the left and right pivoting linkage pendulum systems 15,
and the shaft 35 connects the left and right crank members 32
causes the left and right upper horizontal links 23 to move in
opposition to each other (i.e., the right movable member moves
downwards as the left movable member moves upwards, and vice
versa). The crank member 32 is connected to a pulley system 34,
which includes an electronically controlled generator mounted to
the frame 12. The pulley system 34 can be preferably operatively
connected to a step-up pulley, a flywheel, and a generator system
for applying a braking or retarding force, as known in the art.
Alternatively, braking or retarding forces can be applied using
other mechanisms, such as for example an eddy current system, an
alternator, friction brakes, fluid resistance, etc. Thus, a
vertical resistance is applied to the upper horizontal link 23 by
means of the crank member 32 and the vertical resistance system
17.
[0032] The back and forth (fore and aft) path of motion of the
exercise device 10 also has a horizontal component, which has not
been addressed in the prior art. Thus, an advantage of the exercise
device of the present invention is that it provides for horizontal
resistance (a second or supplemental resistance). In particular,
the present invention provides a horizontal resistance system 19 (a
second or supplemental resistance system). Referring to FIG. 3, a
close-up of the pivot shaft 25, the upper horizontal link 23, and
the vertical resistance link 30 of the exercise device 10 is seen.
A supplemental resistance link 41 is provided pivotally coupled to
the pivot shaft 25 by a rocker link 60 which outwardly extends from
the pivot shaft 25. The rocker link 60 pivots in coordination with
the pivoting movement of the forward vertical link 27 about the
pivot shaft 25. At an end of the supplemental resistance link 41
opposite the pivot shaft 25, the supplemental resistance link 41 is
connected to the horizontal resistance system 19.
[0033] The horizontal resistance system 19 can comprise a
horizontal resistance pulley 43. The horizontal resistance pulley
43 is pivotally coupled to the supplemental resistance link 41
opposite the pivot shaft 25. The supplemental resistance link 41 is
pivotally connected to the horizontal resistance pulley 43 near the
outer periphery of the horizontal resistance pulley 43; thus the
horizontal resistance pulley 43 acts as a crank member pivotally
connecting the supplemental resistance link 41 and the horizontal
resistance system 19.
[0034] Referring to FIGS. 4 and 6, the horizontal resistance pulley
43 also acts to provided resistance to the horizontal resistance
system. The horizontal resistance pulley 43 is connected to a
step-up pulley 45 and a flywheel 47 via a belt 50. Tension on the
belt 50 can be maintained via an idler gear 52. In one embodiment,
the flywheel 47 can be a rotating metallic flywheel and resistance
can be provided by an eddy current brake 49 (seen in FIGS. 6 and
7). The horizontal resistance pulley 43 does not fully rotate;
instead, the horizontal resistance pulley 43 rotates through an
arch which is determined by the length of the stride of the user.
Thus, if the user takes a short stride length, the total rotation
of the arch of the horizontal resistance pulley 43 is relatively
minimal; if the user takes a long stride length, the total rotation
of the arch is relatively significant. By subjecting the rotating
horizontal resistance pulley 43 to a means of resistance, the user
is subjected to horizontal resistance in the fore and aft motions.
In addition, the right and left footpads 14 are synchronized about
180 degrees out of phase by the horizontal resistance pulley 43,
the supplemental resistance links 41 and the pivot shaft 25. This
synchronization results allow for foot motion that simulates
climbing, walking, jogging or running to be achieved. In an
alternative embodiment, the right and left footpads 14 can be
synchronized by a rocker link or other forms of couplings. In other
embodiments, the right and left footpads and the right and left
linkage pendulum systems can operate independent of each other or
in a non-synchronous manner. In an alternative embodiment, a linear
type resistance system can be used in place of the horizontal
resistance pulley and related components. The link between the left
and right footpads and the left and right linkage pendulum systems
can also be accomplished with compliance between the left and right
providing a loose or flexible coupling between left and right
motions. Also, the movement of the left and right linkage pendulum
systems can be configured in a phased operating arrangement.
[0035] The horizontal resistance system 19 of the present invention
preferably provides adequate resistance to assist in stable foot
motion, but not so much resistance as to make the fore and aft
motion unnatural. Excessive resistance in the fore and/or aft
directions can cause the foot path to distort in a vertical
direction creating an unnatural foot path. In other instances,
increased resistance in a fore and/or aft direction can make
operation of the exercise device unsustainable for some users. In
one embodiment, the level of resistance at the foot pad or the foot
of the user in the fore and aft direction is within the range of
about 0.5 pounds of force to about 15 pounds of force. The level of
resistance can be variable within this range or constant value
within this range. The variable resistance can be user adjustable,
programmed, time-dependent, or vary based upon other parameters. In
another alternative embodiment, the level of resistance at the foot
pad or the foot of the user in the fore and aft direction is within
the range of about 2.0 pounds of force to about 10.0 pounds of
force. The variable resistance can be configured to vary based upon
the velocity of the fore and aft motion of the foot pads or the
linkage pendulum systems, or the variable resistance can vary based
upon user selection, user programs or time or other parameters. The
variation in resistance can be obtained by effectively starting and
stopping the rotating metallic flywheel 47 of the eddy current
brake 49 for fore to aft or aft to fore motions. The metal flywheel
47 is exposed to a magnetic field produced by permanent or
electromagnets, generating eddy currents in the wheels. The
magnetic interaction between the applied field and the eddy
currents acts to slow the metal flywheel 47. The faster the metal
flywheel 47 spins, the stronger the effect, meaning the effective
horizontal resistance changes for zero force (at zero rotational
velocity) to a maximum force at full rotational velocity. A
variable resistance can be obtained through linear dampers
(magnetic particle shock absorbers), pneumatic or hydraulic shock
absorbers, or other non-constant resistance assemblies. Variability
of resistance can also be provided by the start and stop of an
inertial mass such as a larger flywheel without the need for
additional resistance. A constant resistance can be obtained by
utilizing a rotating constant torque brake (magnetic particle
rotating brake) or other form of friction resistance.
[0036] In another embodiment, an electronic controlled horizontal
resistance brake can be provided. Use of an electronic controlled
horizontal resistance brake allows for pre-determined variations in
the resistance throughout the stride, a constant resistance
throughout the stride or an overall variability on the effective
resistance to assist in interval training. The range of usable
resistance at the foot in the fore and aft directions was found to
be about 0.5 to about 15 pounds. In another embodiment, a linear
resistance system can be provided.
[0037] Accordingly, the present invention provides a user with a
variety of smooth natural available exercise paths or foot motions,
exercises a relatively large number of muscles through a large
range of motion, and provides such foot motions in a safe and
stable manner. The present invention also provides an exercise
device having available resistance in more than one general
direction, such as resisted free travel in the fore and aft
directions, without detracting from the unique engaging motion of
the exercise device.
[0038] In addition to resistance on the vertical and horizontal
movement, the movement of the pivotal linkage pendulum system 15 of
the exercise device 10 also includes one or more stops for when the
footpad 14 comes to the limit of the exercise device, also referred
to as an end of travel stop. In general, if an end of travel stop
is too abrupt, an unsatisfactory jerking will occur to the user;
indeed, if this stop is too abrupt and the user is utilizing a fast
stride rate, the potential for injury to the user can increase.
Accordingly, a need exists for an exercise device having a natural
feeling end of travel stop. Applicants have determined that it is
preferred that the end of travel have a two-stage linear stiffness
profile or a non-linear stiffness profile.
[0039] This profile is graphed in FIG. 5. In FIG. 5, force in
pounds is set forth on the vertical axis and travel in inches is
set forth on the vertical axis. It is seen that as the travel
increases the force in pounds is initially relatively flat, thereby
providing the user with a gentle indication of the end of travel.
Then, the force in pounds increases rapidly as the pre-determined
stop point is approached. The softer initial contact can also
provide a turn-around push for the user, as well as a smooth
non-forceful signal that the end of travel is approaching.
[0040] One embodiment for achieving a two-stage linear or a
non-linear stiffness profile is a single bumper that provides a
non-linear profile starting off relatively soft at initial contact,
then producing an increase in stiffness at a pre-determined stop
point. Referring back to FIG. 3, in one embodiment, the rocker link
60 includes stop tab 61 configured to engage a first bumper 57. The
first bumper 57 serves as an end of travel stop that provides a
highly stiff cushion and a rather abrupt stop when the stop tab 61
fully engages the first bumper 57. As part of the left and right
pivoting linkage pendulum systems 15, the exercise device 10 also
includes left and right rocker links 61, supplemental resistance
links 41 and first bumpers 57.
[0041] Referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, in another embodiment, at least
a pair of separate second bumpers 62, 64 can be utilized alone, or
in combination with the first bumpers 57. In this embodiment, each
of the second bumper 62 and 64 is configured to be relatively soft
for the initial contact as the end of travel is approached and then
becomes relatively stiff, or increasingly stiff, as the actual end
of travel is approached. The bumpers 62 and 64 provide the end of
travel stops in the fore and aft directions, respectively. The
first bumper 57, and the second bumpers 62 and 64 are preferably
formed of an elastic material such as a polyester elastomer.
Alternatively, the first and/or second bumpers can be formed of
other materials such as, for example, butyl rubber, polyurethane,
other elastomers, or combinations thereof. The elastic properties
of the second bumpers 62 and 64 enable the bumpers to provide a
gentle push to the user as the user reverses directions at the end
of travel position. The gentle push improves the feel and comfort
of the exercise device 10 and makes the exercise device more
enjoyable to use. In combination, the second bumpers 62 and 64 and
the first bumpers 57 provide an optimal two stage end of travel
stop configuration for an exercise device in both the fore
direction and the aft direction. The second bumpers 62 and 64
provide the initial soft end of travel indication that non-linearly
increases if travel continues in the stop direction, and the first
bumpers 57 provide the abrupt stop to ensure that the maximum
travel of the exercise device is not exceeded, and the exercise
device is not damaged, while minimizing the negative impact or feel
to the user.
[0042] To provide for the at least two second bumpers 62 and 64, in
one embodiment, a bumper bracket 66 can be provided extending over
the horizontal resistance pulley 43. The bumper bracket 66 contains
two contact surfaces 72, 74 adapted to contact and bear against the
second bumpers 62 and 64. The second bumpers 62 and 64 are held in
brackets 82, 84 contained on the horizontal resistance pulley 43.
Thus, as the horizontal resistance pulley 43 comes to the limit of
the exercise device 10 as rotating through the arch determined by
the length of the stride of the user, one of the second bumpers 62
and 64 held on the horizontal resistance pulley 43 contacts the
corresponding contact surface 72 and 74.
[0043] Alternatively, the first bumper 57 can be provided with the
non-linear response such that initial contact by the stop tab 61 is
soft providing a gentle indication of the end of stop, then the
first bumper 57 can be configured to have a non-linear increase in
resistance if and when the stop tab 61 continues to engage the
first bumper 57 and continues to bear against the first bumper 57.
Both the single bumper and the dual bumper methods provide a unique
feel that is crucial to a user defined motion exercise device. By
correctly selecting the initial stiffness, the user does not sense
the foot motion is approaching the end of travel, but instead
senses a resistance that begins to urge the foot into the opposite
direction. While the user defined motion exercise device allows for
significantly longer stride lengths than most of the current
exercise devices, the end of travel "push" tends to help the user
to maintain a smooth and rhythmical motion required to achieve
highly aerobic workout even while striding out to a maximum stride
length.
[0044] While the invention has been described with specific
embodiments, other alternatives, modifications and variations will
be apparent to those skilled in the art. As previously described,
while the example embodiment depicts a pendulum striding exercise
device, the principles of the present invention apply to any other
fitness devices, particularly those in which the user is relatively
mobile, including but not limited to rowing machines, elliptical
exercise machines, stepping machines, cross-country skiing
machines, pendulous exercise devices, and the like. Accordingly, it
will be intended to include all such alternatives, modifications
and variations set forth within the spirit and scope of the
appended claims.
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