U.S. patent application number 11/959963 was filed with the patent office on 2008-06-26 for emulsifiable marine lower unit gear oil.
Invention is credited to Salvatore Rea, Malcolm Waddoups.
Application Number | 20080153725 11/959963 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39370915 |
Filed Date | 2008-06-26 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080153725 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Rea; Salvatore ; et
al. |
June 26, 2008 |
Emulsifiable Marine Lower Unit Gear Oil
Abstract
A lubricant composition for lower unit gear drives in outboard
and stern drive engines is disclosed. The lubricant composition
comprises: (a) a highly sulfurized olefin; (b) an amine salt of a
phosphorus compound; (c) a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM
dispersant; and (d) a copper corrosion inhibitor.
Inventors: |
Rea; Salvatore; (Franklin
Square, NY) ; Waddoups; Malcolm; (Westfield,
NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
INFINEUM USA L.P.
P.O. BOX 710
LINDEN
NJ
07036
US
|
Family ID: |
39370915 |
Appl. No.: |
11/959963 |
Filed: |
December 19, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60871213 |
Dec 21, 2006 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
508/272 ;
508/110 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C10M 2215/04 20130101;
C10N 2040/04 20130101; C10M 2223/043 20130101; C10N 2030/06
20130101; C10M 2203/1006 20130101; C10M 2223/047 20130101; C10M
2219/022 20130101; C10M 141/10 20130101; C10N 2030/26 20200501;
C10M 2215/28 20130101; C10M 2219/106 20130101; C10M 2223/04
20130101; C10M 2215/223 20130101; C10M 2215/04 20130101; C10M
2215/04 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
508/272 ;
508/110 |
International
Class: |
C10M 135/36 20060101
C10M135/36; C10M 169/04 20060101 C10M169/04 |
Claims
1. An additive package for lower unit gear drives in outboard and
stern drive engines comprising: (a) a highly sulfurized olefin; (b)
an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; (c) a high molecular weight
PIBSA-PAM dispersant having a molecular weight of 2000 or higher;
and (d) a copper corrosion inhibitor.
2. The additive package according to claim 1 wherein the highly
sulfurized olefin comprises sulfurized isobutylene.
3. The additive package according to claim 1 wherein the amine salt
of a phosphorous compound comprises a C.sub.12 to C.sub.14 t-alkyl
primary amine.
4. The additive package according to claim 1 wherein the amine salt
of a phosphorus compound is an amine comprising the reaction
product of methyl isobutyl carbinol dithiophosphoric acid with
propylene oxide.
5. The additive package according to claim 1 wherein the amine salt
of a phosphorus compound comprises an amine salt of a phosphoric
acid ester.
6. The additive package according to claim 5 wherein the amine salt
of the phosphoric acid ester has a low amine/phosphorus molar
ratio.
7. The additive package according to claim 1 wherein the ratio of
the highly sulfurized olefin to the amine salt of a phosphorus
compound is 15:1.
8. The additive package according to claim 1 wherein the high
molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant is non-borated.
9. The additive package according to claim 1 wherein the copper
corrosion inhibitor comprises a tolyltriazole compound.
10. The additive package according to claim 1 wherein the copper
corrosion inhibitor comprises a thiadiazole compound.
11. A lubricant composition for lower unit gear drives in outboard
and stern drive engines comprising: (a) a highly sulfurized olefin;
(b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; (c) a high molecular
weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant; and (d) a copper corrosion inhibitor,
wherein the lubricant composition is in the lower unit gear
drives.
12. The lubricant composition according to claim 11 wherein
nitrogen from the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant is
present in an amount ranging from 10 ppm to 500 ppm.
13. The lubricant composition according to the claim 1 comprising
essentially no heavy metals.
14. The lubricant composition according to claim 13 comprising less
than or equal to 0.25 weight percent of antimony.
Description
[0001] This Patent Application claims priority from Provisional
Patent Application No. 60/871,213 filed Dec. 21, 2006.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to additive packages for
lubricant compositions and related lubricant compositions;
especially additive packages for lubricant compositions suitable
for use in lower unit gear drives for outboard and stern drive
engines.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Lower unit gear drives are used with boat outboard and stern
drive engines and other similar marine applications. The lower unit
gear drives transmit power from the marine engine to a
propeller.
[0004] The current trend is to equip boats with more powerful
engines and more compact gear drives. As a result, lower unit gear
drives are being required to support increased loads. New lower
unit gear drive lubricant compositions are required to maintain
acceptable performance under the higher severity operating
conditions.
[0005] Because lower unit gear drives are submerged in water while
a boat is being operated, it is highly likely that some water will
ingress into the gear drive lubricant. Consequently, effective
lubricant compositions for lower unit gear drives must be able to
compensate for the possible negative effects of the presence of
water in the lubricant.
[0006] The present invention provides a new additive package for a
lubricant composition to be used in a lower unit gear drive
comprising: (a) a highly sulfurized olefin; (b) an amine salt of a
phosphorus compound; (c) a high molecular weight polyisobutylene
succinic anhydride amine (also referred to herein as "PIBSA-PAM")
dispersant; and (d) a copper corrosion inhibitor. The lubricant
composition of the invention exhibits the required amount of
extreme pressure performance, anti-wear performance, anti-corrosion
performance, and anti-rust performance.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] In a non-limiting embodiment, the present invention is a
lubricant composition for lower unit gear drives in outboard and
stern drive engines comprising: (a) a highly sulfurized olefin; (b)
an amine salt of a phosphorus compound; (c) a high molecular weight
PIBSA-PAM dispersant; and (d) a copper corrosion inhibitor.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0008] Unless otherwise indicated, all numbers expressing
quantities of ingredients, reaction conditions, dimensions,
physical characteristics, processing parameters, and the like, used
in the specification and claims are to be understood as being
modified in all instances by the term "about". Accordingly, unless
indicated to the contrary, the numerical values set forth in the
following specification and claims may vary depending upon the
desired properties sought to be obtained by the present invention.
At the very least, and not as an attempt to limit the application
of the doctrine of equivalents to the scope of the claims, each
numerical value should at least be construed in light of the number
of reported significant digits and by applying ordinary rounding
techniques. Moreover, all ranges disclosed herein are to be
understood to encompass the beginning and ending range values and
any and all sub ranges subsumed therein. For example, a stated
range of "1 to 1.0" should be considered to include any and all sub
ranges between (and inclusive of) the minimum value of 1 and the
maximum value of 10; that is, all sub ranges beginning with a
minimum value of 1 or more and ending with a maximum value of 10 or
less, e.g., 5.5 to 10. Any mentioning of a U.S. patent or patent
document or literature reference in the following description also
incorporates by reference that document herein and is to be
understood to be incorporated in its entirety.
[0009] The present invention is an additive package for a lubricant
composition that can be used in a lower unit gear drive. According
to the present inventions the additive package comprises; (a) a
highly sulfurized olefin; (b) an amine salt of a phosphorus
compound; (c) a high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant; and (d)
a copper corrosion inhibitor.
[0010] The highly sulfurized olefin of the present invention can
provide extreme pressure performance. In a non-limiting embodiment
of the invention, the highly sulfurized olefin is sulfurized
isobutylene.
[0011] The amine salt of a phosphorus compound of the present
invention can provide anti-wear performance. In a non-limiting
embodiment, the amine salt of a phosphorus compound is an amine
salt of a phosphoric acid ester, for example, a 2-ethylhexyl
phosphate ester amine salt. In a non-limiting embodiment, the amine
is a C.sub.12 to C.sub.14 t-alkyl primary amine.
[0012] In another non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the
amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester has a low amine/phosphorus
molar ratio. For example, the 2-ethylhexyl phosphate ester is
reacted with an amine to form a partially neutralized salt having a
molar ratio of 0.5 or less moles of amine per mole of
phosphorus.
[0013] In yet another non-limiting embodiment, the amine salt of a
phosphorus compound is an amine comprising the reaction product of
methyl isobutyl carbinol dithiophosphoric acid with propylene
oxide. The resultant alcohol is further reacted with phosphorus
pentoxide and then partially neutralized with a C.sub.12 to
C.sub.14 t-alkyl primary amine.
[0014] In another non-limiting embodiment of the invention, the
ratio of the highly sulfurized olefin to the amine salt of a
phosphorus compound is 15:1 sulfur-to-phosphorus mass ratio to 40:1
sulfur-to-phosphorus mass ratio, or 20:1 to 30:1
sulfur-to-phosphorus mass ratio.
[0015] The high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant of the
present invention can act as a water emulsifier. In a non-limiting
embodiment, the PIBSA-PAM has a molecular weight of 2000 or
higher.
[0016] In another non-limiting embodiment, the high molecular
weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant is non-borated. In the present
invention, a non-borated PIBSA-PAM dispersant is more desirable
than a borated PIBSA-PAM dispersant. By including a non-borated
PIBSA-PAM dispersant in the composition, the potential for
deposition of boron-containing species is reduced in the event
water comes in contact with the composition.
[0017] The copper corrosion inhibitor of the present invention can
comprise a tolyltriazole compound or a thiadiazole compound.
[0018] In a non-limiting embodiment, the additive package of the
present invention further comprises a fragrant component (i.e., a
component added to affect the smell of the additive package and
related lubricant compositions that contain the additive package).
An example of a suitable fragrant component is Fragrance OM 69B
which is commercially available from Quest International.
[0019] The present invention also encompasses a lubricant
composition comprising additive package described above. As is well
known in the art, a lubricant composition can be formed by adding
conventional base oils, typically Group I base oils, to the
described additive package.
[0020] In a non-limiting embodiment of the lubricant composition of
the present invention, the high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM
dispersant contributes nitrogen to the lubricant composition in an
amount ranging from 10 ppm to 500 ppm.
[0021] According to the present invention, the lubricant
composition can comprise the following optional components which
are well known in the art: rust inhibitors; non-silicone, antifoam
agents and tackifiers.
[0022] Suitable rust inhibitors are well known in the art and
include, but are not limited to, 2-ethylhexyl amine commercially
available from Celanese Ltd. as 2-Ethylhexylamine and a tallow
amine commercially available from Goldschmidt Chemical as Adogen
170.
[0023] Suitable non-silicone, antifoam agents are well known in the
art and include, but are not limited to, non-silicone, antifoam
agents commercially available from Cytec Surface Specialties as PC
1644
[0024] Suitable tackifiers are well known in the art and include,
but are not limited to, tackifiers which are commercially available
from Infineum USA LP as Paratac.
[0025] In a non-limiting embodiment of the present invention, the
lubricant composition comprises essentially no heavy metals, such
as antimony. For example, a lubricant according to the present
invention can contain less than or equal to 0.25 weight percent of
antimony, for example 0.15 to 0.25 weight percent of antimony. Many
commercially available lubricant compositions contain antimony to
provide superior extreme pressure performance. However, tightening
regulatory constraints may force these additive packages containing
heavy metals out of the lower unit gear oil market.
[0026] As discussed above, the lubricant composition of the present
invention is typically used in a lower unit gear drive which will
be submerged in water while it is being operated. Consequently, it
is highly likely that some water ingress will occur, for example,
through the lower unit's propeller shaft seals. This water will mix
with the lubricant composition in the gear drive. The exact amount
of water in the lubricant composition depends on such factors as
the rate of water ingress into the lubricant composition, oil drain
intervals, etc. Under typical operating conditions, the amount of
water which can accumulate in the lubricant composition could range
from 2 to 10 volume %.
[0027] If water mixes with the lubricant composition and is not
emulsified into the lubricant composition but rather remains a
separate phase from the composition, the lubrication of the various
components of the lower unit gear drive system would be shared by
the lubricant composition phase and the free water phase. This
would be very detrimental as the free water phase would not provide
any lubrication and could corrode any metal parts which are part of
the gear drive system. Consequently, no demulsifier such as, but
not limited to, those commercially available under the Pluronic
brand from BASF [Germany] is added to the lubricant composition of
the present invention.
[0028] Due to the chemical structure of the high molecular weight
PIBSA-PAM dispersant and its amount in the lubricant composition,
any water that mixes with the lubricant composition is emulsified
resulting in a single phase of emulsified water in the lubricant
composition. The polar attraction between water and the
non-borated, high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant causes the
emulsification.
EXAMPLES
[0029] The following non-limiting examples illustrate the present
invention. Examples 1 and 2 are additive packages according to the
present invention. Example 1 was prepared by blending (a) a highly
sulfurized olefin commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical
Company as Mobilad C170 which is 53.444 mass percent of the
additive package; (b) an amine phosphate comprising the reaction
product of methyl isobutyl carbinol dithiophosphoric acid with
propylene oxide which was further reacted with phosphorus pentoxide
and then partially neutralized with a C.sub.12 to C.sub.14 t-alkyl
primary amine as the amine salt of a phosphorus compound which is
12.222 mass percent of the additive package; (c) a non-borated,
high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant commercially available
from Infineum USA LP as Infineum C9280 which is 16.667 mass percent
of the additive package; and (d) a thiadiazole copper corrosion
inhibitor commercially available from Afton as HiTEC 4315 which is
3.333 mass percent of the additive package.
[0030] The following optional materials were added to form the
additive package of Example 1: two rust inhibitors-2-ethylhexyl
amine commercially available from Celanese Ltd. as
2-Ethylhexylamine and a tallow amine commercially available from
Goldschmidt Chemical as Adogen 170 which are collectively 0.444
mass percent of the additive package, a non-silicone, antifoam
agent commercially available from Cytec Surface Specialties as PC
1644 which is 0.444 mass percent of the additive package, SN150
Group I base oil as a diluent commercially available from
ExxonMobil as ExxonMobil Core 150 which is 13.400 mass percent of
the additive package and a fragrance commercially available from
Quest International as Fragrance OM 69B which is 0.044 mass percent
of the additive package. The blending was conducted using standard
procedures and techniques.
[0031] Example 2 was prepared by blending (a) a highly sulfurized
olefin commercially available from ExxonMobil Chemical Company as
Mobilad C170 which is 56.667 mass percent of the additive package;
(b) an amine salt of a phosphorus compound formed by reacting
2-ethylhexyl phosphate ester commercially available from P-4
Technology as 2EHAPO4 with a C.sub.12 to C.sub.14 t-alkyl primary
amine commercially available by Rohm & Haas as Primene 81R
which is 10.622 mass percent of the additive package; (c) a
non-borated, high molecular weight PIBSA-PAM dispersant
commercially available from Infineum USA LP as Infineum C9268 which
is 16.667 mass percent of the additive package; and (d) a
tolyltriazole (10% solution) copper corrosion inhibitor which is
6.667 mass percent of the additive package.
[0032] The following optional materials were added to form the
additive package of Example 2: 2-ethylhexyl amine rust inhibitor
commercially available from Celanese Ltd. as 2-Ethylhexylamine
which is 0.222 mass percent of the additive package, a
non-silicone, antifoam agent commercially available from Cytec
Surface Specialties as PC 1644 which is 0.444 mass percent of the
additive package, SN150 Group I base oil commercially available
from ExxonMobil as ExxonMobil Core 150 as a diluent which is 8.667
mass percent of the additive package and a fragrance commercially
available from Quest International as Fragrance OM 69B which is
0.044 mass percent of the additive package. The blending was
conducted using standard procedures and techniques.
[0033] An 80W-90 viscosity grade lubricant composition (according
to the SAE J306 Automotive Gear Lubricant Viscosity Classification)
was formed by adding the following to the additive described above
in Example 1 which is 4.5 mass percent of the composition: a pour
point depressant commercially available from Infineum USA LP as
Infineum V385 which is 1.5 mass percent of the composition, a
tackifier which is commercially available from Infineum USA LP as
Paratac and is 0.1 mass percent of the composition, a Group I base
oil commercially available from CITGO as CITGO 325N which is 53.4
mass percent of the composition and a Group I base oil commercially
available from CITGO as CITGO Brightstock which is 40.5 mass
percent of the composition. The lubricant composition had an ASTM
D445 kinematic viscosity at 100.degree. C. (KV100) 14.3 cSt and an
ASTM D2983 Brookfield viscosity at -26.degree. C.=122,000 cP.
[0034] The formulated lubricant composition was subjected to the
ASTM D3233 Falex Pin-and-Vec Test for anti-wear and extreme
pressure performance. In a first run of the test, the lubricant
composition was tested and had a failure load result of greater
than 4500 lbs. In a second run of the test, a lubricant composition
with 2% by volume added water was tested and had a failure load
result of greater than 4500 lbs. In a third run of the test, a
lubricant composition with 5% by volume added water was tested and
had a failure load result of 4500 lbs. in a fourth run of the test,
a lubricant composition with 10% by volume added water was tested
and had a excellent failure load result of 4500 lbs.
[0035] Based on the results of these tests, a lubricant composition
according to the present invention that has up to 10% water by
volume exhibits excellent anti-wear and extreme pressure
performance.
* * * * *