U.S. patent application number 11/897265 was filed with the patent office on 2008-06-05 for method for treating septic tank effluent.
Invention is credited to Charles E. Friesner.
Application Number | 20080127603 11/897265 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39474165 |
Filed Date | 2008-06-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080127603 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Friesner; Charles E. |
June 5, 2008 |
Method for treating septic tank effluent
Abstract
A method for producing a foundation for a building is disclosed.
The method comprises digging a trench having the shape and position
required by the foundation for the building, pouring a hardenable
concrete footer in the trench, assembling a slab jig on the footer,
positioning the slab jig, if necessary, so that the upper surface
of a concrete slab which subsequently fills the slab jig is
substantially level, and filling the slab jig with a hardenable
concrete. The slab is one having an open top, an open bottom, and
sidewalls so shaped that the upper surface of a concrete slab which
fills the slab jig is substantially flat and the slab has the shape
required of the foundation for a particular building, In a
preferred method, also disclosed, a course of cement blocks is laid
on the footer, and the slab jig is assembled on the cement block
course, positioned, if necessary, and filled.
Inventors: |
Friesner; Charles E.;
(Perrysburg, OH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
PURDUE LAW OFFICES;2735 N. HOLLAND-SYLVANIA ROAD
SUITE B-2
TOLDEO
OH
43615
US
|
Family ID: |
39474165 |
Appl. No.: |
11/897265 |
Filed: |
August 29, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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11592013 |
Nov 2, 2006 |
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11897265 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
52/742.14 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E02D 27/10 20130101;
C02F 11/185 20130101; E03F 11/00 20130101; Y02A 20/216 20180101;
Y02A 20/208 20180101; C02F 3/288 20130101; Y02W 10/37 20150501 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/742.14 |
International
Class: |
E04G 21/00 20060101
E04G021/00 |
Claims
1. A method for producing a foundation for a building, said method
comprising digging a trench having the shape and position required
by the foundation for the building, pouring a hardenable concrete
footer in the trench, assembling a slab jig on the footer, the slab
jig having an open top, an open bottom, and sidewalls so shaped
that the upper surface of a concrete slab which fills the slab jig
is substantially flat and the slab has the shape required of the
foundation for a particular building, positioning the slab jig, if
necessary, so that the upper surface of a concrete slab which
subsequently fills the slab jig is substantially level, and filling
the slab jig with a hardenable concrete.
2. A method as claimed in claim 1 wherein a row of cement blocks is
laid on top of the footer and the slab jig is placed on top of the
row of cement blocks before the slab jig is filled with the
hardenable concrete.
3. A method for producing a foundation for a building fabricated
from blocks, said method comprising digging a trench having the
shape and position required by the foundation for the building,
pouring a hardenable concrete footer in the trench, setting a
cement block row on top of the hardenable concrete footer,
assembling a slab jig on the cement block row, the slab jig having
an open top, an open bottom, and sidewalls so shaped that the upper
surface of a concrete slab which fills the slab jig is
substantially flat and has the shape required of the foundation for
a particular building, positioning the slab jig, if necessary, so
that the upper surface of a concrete slab poured therein is
substantially level, and filling the slab jig with a hardenable
concrete.
4. A method as claimed in claim 3 which includes the additional
steps of setting a first course of blocks of the building on the
hardenable concrete with which the slab jig was filled and, while
that concrete is still hardenable, forcing a metal bar into the
hardenable concrete, the metal bar having a longitudinally
extending central portion which is received in a slot in an end of
one of the blocks of the building, an end which extends downwardly
and laterally into the concrete, and an opposed end which is
received in a slot in the top of the building block.
5. A method as claimed in claim 4 wherein a metal bar is embedded
in the hardenable concrete with which the slab jib was filled, and
that metal bar extends downwardly and is embedded in the footer.
Description
REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This is a continuation in part of application Ser. No.
11/592,013, filed Nov. 2, 2006
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention is a method for treating septic tank effluent
and, more particularly, is such a method in which the effluent is
treated to eliminate organic materials and nutrients therefrom
before it is discharged to the environment. Preferably, the treated
effluent is pasteurized, and the pasteurized material is then
discharged to the environment as either a liquid or a vapor which,
in either case, is not a health hazard. The invention is also a
structure in which the method described above can be practiced, and
a house which can contain that structure
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] On site sewage disposal systems are frequently used in rural
and other areas where municipal plants are not available.
Typically, waste processed in such a system enters a septic tank in
which solids settle to the bottom and grease and scum float to the
top, while liquid effluent flows from a portion of the tank between
the solids in the bottom and the scum at the top. The effluent from
the tank, which is aqueous, and contains phosphorus compounds,
nitrates, organic materials and nutrients, flows through a
distribution box, several carefully leveled pipes with holes along
their lengths, and through the holes and beds of gravel which
surround the pipes to an absorption area where the organic
materials and nutrients are consumed by aerobic bacteria and from
which relatively pure water flows, mixing with ground water (see
http://www.epa.gov/seahome/septics, an EPA website).
[0004] Such a sewage disposal system as that described above, if
adequately designed and maintained, can effectively remove the
organic material and nutrients from the septic tank effluent if the
absorption area is sufficiently large. If not, groundwater
pollution occurs, and can be a serious problem.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INSTANT INVENTION
[0005] The instant invention is a method for treating the liquid
effluent from a septic tank which does not require a large
absorption area and, therefore, can be used in congested areas
where a conventional septic system would cause pollution. The
method comprises the steps of pumping the liquid septic tank
effluent to the bottom of a treatment vessel in which the effluent
is treated by contact with pebbles, glass fibers, sand or the like,
and withdrawing treated effluent from the upper portion of the
treatment vessel at substantially the rate at which the effluent is
pumped to the bottom of the vessel. In a preferred embodiment, the
method also includes the step of pasteurizing or the steps of
pasteurizing and vaporizing the treated effluent withdrawn from the
upper portion of the treatment vessel. In another preferred
embodiment, the septic tank effluent is collected in a holding tank
from which it is pumped, periodically, to the treatment vessel.
Initially, at the beginning of operation, pumping the effluent to
the bottom thereof fills the treatment vessel; thereafter pumping
additional effluent into the vessel causes a non-turbulent, upward
movement of the effluent in the vessel. Preferably, the treated
effluent is pasteurized, or pasteurized and vaporized, either while
it is still in the treatment vessel or in a separate vessel. The
rate at which liquid effluent is pumped to the bottom of the
treatment vessel is sufficiently low that the treated effluent
which reaches the top of the treatment vessel is substantially
devoid of organic materials and nutrients.
[0006] The instant invention, in another aspect, is a method for
producing a foundation for a building which can house the apparatus
described above, in addition to providing a home. The method
comprises digging a trench having the shape and position required
by the foundation for the building, pouring a hardenable concrete
footer in the trench, assembling a slab jig on the footer,
positioning the slab jig, if necessary, so that the upper surface
of a concrete slab which subsequently fills the slab jig is
substantially level, and filling the slab jig with a hardenable
concrete. The slab is one having an open top, an open bottom, and
sidewalls so shaped that the upper surface of a concrete slab which
fills the slab jig is substantially flat and the slab has the shape
required of the foundation for a particular building,
[0007] It is an object of the invention to provide a method for
treating the liquid effluent from a septic tank.
[0008] It is another object to provide a method which removes
organic materials and nutrients from the septic tank effluent, and
purifies the effluent to such an extent that it can safely be
discharged to the environment.
[0009] It is still another object to provide such a method which
includes the additional step of pasteurizing the septic tank
effluent from which organic materials and nutrients have been
removed.
[0010] It is yet another object to provide such a method which
includes the additional step of vaporizing the septic tank effluent
from which organic materials and nutrients have been removed.
[0011] It is still another object to provide apparatus in which
such a method can be practiced.
[0012] It is also an object of the invention to provide a method
for producing a foundation for a building
[0013] Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the
following description of preferred embodiments of the invention,
reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0014] FIG. 1 is a flow diagram identifying the steps in a
preferred method of the invention for treating the liquid effluent
from a septic tank.
[0015] FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a portion of a wall
structure which is one embodiment of the instant invention.
[0016] FIG. 3 is a view in perspective showing an end, the top and
one side of a block which is a component of the wall structure of
FIG. 2.
[0017] FIG. 4 is a view in perspective showing an end, the top and
one side of another block which is a component of the wall
structure of FIG. 2.
[0018] FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an end, the top and one
side of still another block which is a component of the wall
structure of FIG. 2.
[0019] FIG. 6 is a view in perspective of a fragment of another
wall structure which is another embodiment of the instant
invention.
[0020] FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a block which is a
component of the fragment of a wall structure shown in FIG. 6.
[0021] FIG. 8 is a view in perspective showing a block which is a
second component of the fragment of a wall structure shown in FIG.
6.
[0022] FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a free-standing
structure in which septic tank effluent can be treated according to
the invention to eliminate organic materials and nutrients
therefrom.
[0023] FIG. 10 is a view in perspective showing the foundation of
the structure of FIG. 9 and a spline which is attached to the
foundation to receive a first course of blocks from which the
structure is produced.
[0024] FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing the foundation and
spline of FIG. 10 and a first course of blocks on the
foundation.
[0025] FIG. 12 is a view in perspective showing the first four
courses of blocks of the structure of FIG. 9.
[0026] FIG. 13 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 12, but
showing the first five courses of blocks of the structure of FIG.
9.
[0027] FIG. 14 is a view in perspective of one of two blocks which
are used in producing the free standing structure of FIG. 9.
[0028] FIG. 15 is a perspective view of the second of two blocks
which are used in producing the free standing structure of FIG.
9.
[0029] FIG. 16 is a view in perspective similar to FIGS. 12 and 13,
but showing all 10 courses of blocks of the structure of FIG. 9 and
a cap and illustrating the installation of the cap on the tenth
course
[0030] FIG. 17 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 16, but with
solar receptor panels added.
[0031] FIG. 18 is a view in perspective showing nine courses of
another building structure according to the invention.
[0032] FIG. 19 is a perspective view showing a spline which is
attached to the foundation of the building structure of FIG.
18.
[0033] FIGS. 20 and 21 are views in perspective showing blocks
which are similar to that shown in FIG. 8, constituting, in
essence, variations of that block.
[0034] FIG. 22, is a perspective view of a block which is similar
to that of FIG. 15, constituting a variation of that block FIGS. 23
through 26 are views in perspective showing blocks which are
similar to the block of FIG. 4, but are used for a different
purpose.
[0035] FIG. 27 is a view in perspective showing the first of the
nine courses of the building structure of FIG. 18 and four door
frames of that building structure.
[0036] FIG. 28 is a perspective view similar to FIG. 27, but
showing the second of the nine courses of the building structure of
FIG. 18.
[0037] FIG. 29 is a view in perspective showing the left rear
corner of the first course of the building structure of FIG.
18.
[0038] FIG. 30 is a perspective view showing the juncture of an
exterior wall and an interior partition of the building structure
of FIG. 18.
[0039] FIG. 31 is a view in perspective showing the left rear
corner of the second course of the building structure of FIG.
18.
[0040] FIG. 32 is a perspective view showing the seventh course of
the building structure of FIG. 18.
[0041] FIG. 33 is a view in perspective showing the exterior of a
completed house which can be constructed in the manner described
herein with reference to FIGS. 27 through 32 on a spline similar to
that shown in FIG. 19 or on a row of blocks anchored to a
foundation in the manner described herein with reference to FIGS.
38-40.
[0042] FIG. 34 is a perspective view showing the exterior of
another completed house which can be constructed in the manner
described herein with reference to FIGS. 27 through 32 on a spline
similar to that shown in FIG. 19 or on a row of blocks anchored to
a foundation in the manner described herein with reference to FIGS.
38-40.
[0043] FIG. 35 is a view in perspective showing the exterior of yet
another house which can be constructed in the manner described
herein with reference to FIGS. 27 through 32 on a spline similar to
that shown in FIG. 19 or on a row of blocks anchored to a
foundation in the manner described herein with reference to FIGS.
38-40.
[0044] FIG. 36 is a perspective view showing the exterior of still
another completed house which can be constructed in the manner
described above with reference to FIGS. 27 through 32 on a spline
similar to that shown in FIG. 19 or on a row of blocks anchored to
a foundation in the manner described herein with reference to FIGS.
38-40.
[0045] FIG. 37 is a perspective view showing a corner of another
house according to the invention, including a rod which is attached
to the foundation of the house, extends through one of the walls
adjacent the corner, and is attached to a block in the top course
of the wall, thus locking the wall against vertical movement
relative to the foundation.
[0046] FIGS. 38 through 44 are vertical sectional views showing the
major steps in the production of the preferred foundation according
to the invention.
[0047] FIG. 45 is a perspective view of the preferred foundation
and also shows a slab jig which is used in producing the preferred
foundation.
[0048] FIG. 46 is a vertical sectional view of the preferred
foundation.
[0049] FIG. 47 is a perspective view showing a spline that is used
in producing the foundation of FIG. 46,
[0050] FIG. 48 is a view in perspective showing another spline that
is used in producing the foundation of FIG. 46,
[0051] FIG. 49 is a perspective view of a tile which is used in the
home which is constructed on the foundation of FIG. 46.
[0052] FIG. 50 is a plan view showing a first course of tiles on
the foundation of FIG. 46.
[0053] FIG. 51 is a plan view of the slab jig which is used in
producing the preferred foundation.
[0054] FIG. 52 is a view in perspective showing a corner fitting of
the slab jig of FIG. 51.
[0055] FIG. 53 is a perspective view showing a T fitting of the
slab jig of FIG. 51.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0056] The instant invention, in one aspect, is a method for
treating the liquid effluent from a septic tank and apparatus which
is useful for practicing the method. Referring to FIG. 1, the
liquid effluent from a septic tank 10 is collected in a holding
tank 11, from which it is pumped from time to time by a pump 12 to
a receiver 13 in the bottom of a treatment vessel 14 that is packed
with pebbles, glass fibers and sand. The pump 12 mixes air with the
effluent it pumps to the receiver 13, which has a pervious top, so
that air and effluent flow from the receiver 13 into the bottom of
the vessel 14, which the effluent eventually fills to a
predetermined level while the effluent in the vessel is aereated by
the air. Thereafter, additional effluent causes a non-turbulent,
upward movement thereof in the vessel 14 while air delivered with
the effluent continues the aeration. Effluent delivered by the pump
12, when it reaches the top of the vessel 14, contacts and is
heated by a heater 15, which is a combined solar collector and
resistance heater. The effluent is heated by the heater 15 to
effect pasteurization thereof (e.g., to 140.degree. F. for twenty
minutes), and may be heated to vaporize all or a portion thereof.
Any effluent that is not vaporized by the heater 15 flows through
an overflow drain 16 and is discharged to the environment, for
example onto the roof of a home (not illustrated) served by the
septic tank 10.
[0057] In operation, sewage from a house (not illustrated) flows
through a line 17 into the septic tank 10, where it separates into
a lower layer of solids, a clear liquid layer above the solids, and
an upper layer of scum. A part of the clear liquid layer flows from
the septic tank through a line 18 to the holding tank 11. The EPA
specifies that, for a three bedroom house with six occupants, the
absorption area of a septic system shall be capable of
accommodating a flow of 250 gallons per day of sewage, so that the
flow of effluent through the line 18 to the tank 11, and from time
to time, for example, every morning, through a line 19 to the
receiver 13 amounts to 250 gallons or less per day. The flow
therethrough from the tank 11 of effluent raises the level in the
vessel 14 so that any pasteurized effluent that is not vaporized by
the heater 15 is discharged, flowing through the drain 16.
Pasteurization kills bacteria in the effluent, so that it is safe
to discharge the pasteurized effluent from the tank 16 for mixture
with ground water in the area, but does not remove nitrates and
phosphorus compounds, so that some damage to the ecology is
possible if it is discharged. Accordingly, evaporation of the
effluent is preferred. The apparatus can also include an aerator
(not illustrated) which pumps air through the line 19 to facilitate
the action of aerobic bacteria in the vessel 14. Indeed, the pump
12 can be a combined pump and aerator which operates as a pump, as
an aerator, or as both a pump and an aerator. A treatment vessel
ten feet by three feet by eight feet is deemed adequate to treat
250 gallons per day of effluent. If desired, since treatment in the
vessel 14 depends upon aerobic micro-organisms, aeration of the
contents of the vessel can be used to increase the extent of
purification achieved in an available vessel at a given flow
rate.
[0058] Referring to FIG. 2, the treatment vessel 14, which is
composed of walls 21, 22. 23 and 24, is shown as free standing,
although it can be a part of a house, usually the house which
generates the sewage that is treated. The walls 21, 22, 23 and 24
are assembled from especially fabricated blocks 25, 26 and 27.
[0059] The block 25 (see FIG. 3) has a bottom 28, a top 29, ends 30
and 31 and sides 32 and 33. There are longitudinally extending
slots 34, 35, 36 and 37 in the bottom 28, the top 29, the end 30
and the end 31 of the block 25. There are also laterally extending
slots 38 and 39 in the top 29. There are laterally extending slots
(not illustrated) in the bottom 28 of the block 25 which are
vertically aligned with the slots 38 and 39.
[0060] The block 27 (see FIG. 4) has a bottom 40, a top 41, ends 42
and 43 and sides 44 and 45. Slots 46, 47, and 48 extend
longitudinally of the top 41, the end 43 and the bottom 40 of the
block 27. There are also laterally extending slots 49 and 50 in the
top 41 of the block 27 and laterally extending slots (not
illustrated) in the bottom 40 which are vertically aligned with the
slots 49 and 50.
[0061] The block 26 (see FIG. 5) has a bottom 51, a top 52, ends 53
and 54 and sides 55 and 56. Slots 57, 58, and 59 extend
longitudinally of the top 52, the end 54 and the bottom 51 of the
block 26. There is also a laterally extending slot 60 in the top 52
of the block 26 and a laterally extending slot (not illustrated) in
the bottom 51 which is vertically aligned with the slot 60.
[0062] The blocks 25, 26 and 27 are similar to the block shown in
FIGS. 34 and 35 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,769,220, Aug. 3, 2004. The
blocks 25, 26 and 27 are made of concrete, and can be produced in
appropriately shaped molds similar to the mold 133 of FIGS. 30-32
of said U.S. Pat. No. 6,769,220, by casting a cement thereinto and
vibrating the mold so that the cement is homogeneous and is in
intimate contact with all parts of the mold. The mold (not
illustrated) in which the block 25 is produced has a flat bottom
and a four sided ring which rests on the flat plate and has a first
side shaped to form the end 30, and second, third and fourth sides
shaped to form the top 29, the end 31 and the bottom 24 of the
block, and can be closed by a cover which forms the side 33. Care
should be taken to prevent adhesion between the cement and the
surfaces of the mold which it contacts. Adhesion can be prevented
by providing a polyethylene or equivalent surface on the mold
surfaces, for example by using mold parts that have been produced
from polyethylene by injection molding, or by using mold liners
that have been produced from polyethylene by injection molding. The
blocks 26 and 27 are also made of concrete, and can be produced in
a similar way. The blocks 25, 26 and 27 can also be made partially
with concrete and partially with a thermoset, cellular urethane as
also disclosed in said U.S. Pat. No. 6,769,220.
[0063] Referring, again, to FIG. 2, longitudinal splines 61,
lateral splines 62 and corner splines 63 are received,
respectively, in slots in the blocks 25, 26 and 27 of the treatment
vessel 14, which is erected on a foundation 64, to which the
splines (not illustrated) are attached in the pattern shown on the
top course of the portion of the vessel 14 that appears in the
drawing, i.e., there is a corner spline 63 accurately positioned at
each of the four corners of the vessel and there are splines 61 and
62 accurately positioned as shown to receive slots in the blocks
25, 26 and 27 of the first course. It will be noted that the slots
in the bottom of the block 27 in the position shown in FIG. 4 do
not match the pattern of the splines to the right of a corner 65
(FIG. 2); instead, the block 27 in that location must be rotated
180.degree. about its longitudinal axis from the position shown in
FIG. 4 for installation. The adjacent block 25 can be installed in
the rotational position shown in FIG. 3, but the next block 26, for
installation, must be rotated 180.degree. around its vertical axis
from the position shown in FIG. 5. After the first course is
installed on the splines attached to the foundation 63, a second
course of splines is installed in the same pattern on blocks of the
first course, and a second course of blocks is installed on those
splines. In this course, one of the blocks 26 (FIG. 5), rotated
180.degree. around its longitudinal axis, is the first block to the
right of the corner 65; one of the blocks 25 is the second; and one
of the blocks 27 rotated 180.degree. around its vertical axis is
the third. Additional splines and blocks are installed until the
vessel 14 reaches the desired height.
[0064] It is desirable for there to be a steel cover (not
illustrated) over the blocks in the top course of the vessel 14.
The cover can rest on the tops of the blocks of the top course, and
can have a cross section which is the shape of an inverted "U". It
is also desirable for the completed structure to be anchored at a
plurality of points against vertical movement relative to the
foundation. An excellent arrangement is a rectangular steel member
which rests on, and is urged downwardly against, the blocks of the
top course by a plurality of rods which are anchored to the
foundation.
[0065] A fragment of another treatment vessel according to the
invention is indicated generally at 68 in FIG. 6. The vessel 68 is
assembled from blocks 69 (FIG. 7) and blocks 70 (FIG. 8).
[0066] A first course of the blocks 69 and 70 of the vessel 68 is
erected on splines which are attached to a foundation and received
in slots (not illustrated) in the bottoms of the blocks of the
first course in the manner shown in FIG. 2. A second course is
erected on splines which are received in slots 71 in the tops of
the blocks 69 and 70 of the first course, and higher courses are
erected on splines which are received in slots in the tops of the
blocks of the course below (not illustrated) as also shown in FIG.
2. Desirably, there is a steel cover (not illustrated) over the
blocks in the top course. The cover can rest on the tops of the
blocks of the top course, and can have a cross section which is the
shape of an inverted "U". It is also desirable for the completed
structure to be anchored at a plurality of points against vertical
movement relative to the foundation. An excellent arrangement is a
rectangular steel member which rests on, and is urged downwardly
against, the blocks of the top course by a plurality of rods which
are anchored to the foundation.
[0067] Referring to FIG. 7, the block 69 has opposed major surfaces
72 and 73, stepped ends 74 and 75, a top 76, and a bottom 77. The
block 69 is symmetric about its horizontal axis and, except for
lateral slots 78 in a stepped portion of the end 74 and
longitudinal slots 79 in the end 75, is symmetric about its
vertical axis. The block 70, as shown in FIG. 8, has opposed major
surfaces 80 and 81, stepped ends 82 and 83, a top 84 and a bottom
85. A portion, designated 86, of the block 70 extends to the right
in FIG. 8 beyond the rest of the block, and a portion, designated
87, extends to the left in FIG. 8 the same distance beyond the rest
of the block. There are slots 88 in the portions 86 and 87 of the
block 70. In the portion of a wall structure shown in FIG. 6, the
slot 88 in the portion 87 of one of the blocks 70 is sometimes
adjacent the slot 79 in one of the blocks 69, in which case the
resulting portion of the slot 71 is designated 79-88. In other
cases, the slot 88 in the portion 87 of one of the blocks 70 is
adjacent the slot 78 in one of the blocks 69, and the resulting
portion of the slot 71 is designated 78-88. In still another case,
the slot 88 in the portion 87 of one of the blocks 70 is adjacent
the slot 88 in another of the blocks 70, and the resulting portion
of the slot 71 is designated 88-88.
[0068] Liquid effluent from a septic tank can be treated in
treatment vessels having the wall structures of FIGS. 2 and 6 which
have been packed with pebbles, glass beads or the like by a method
which comprises the steps of pumping the liquid effluent to the
bottom of the treatment vessel so that, after the vessel is filled
to a predetermined level, pumping additional effluent to the bottom
thereof causes a non-turbulent, upward movement of the effluent in
the vessel, withdrawing treated effluent from the upper portion of
the vessel at substantially the rate at which the effluent is
pumped to the bottom of the treatment vessel, and pasteurizing the
treated effluent withdrawn from the upper portion of the vessel,
the rate at which liquid effluent is pumped to the bottom of the
treatment vessel being sufficiently low that the treated effluent
withdrawn from the upper portion of the vessel is substantially
devoid of organic material.
[0069] Referring, again, to FIG. 6, it will be noted that the slots
71, 78-88, 79-88, and 88-88 in the tops of the blocks 69 and 70 are
aligned so that they form a continuous slot which is rectangular in
plan view, and extends around the top of the first course of blocks
of the treatment vessel 68. A single spline which has the same
rectangular shape in plan view is received in these slots, and
locks the blocks 69 and 70 of the first course against outward
movement. There are also aligned slots (not illustrated) in the
bottoms of the blocks 69 and 70 which are vertically aligned with
the slots 71, 78-88, 79-88 and 88-88; these slots receive a single
spline which has the same rectangular shape, and is suitably
attached to a foundation (not illustrated) for the processor 68.
Similarly, slots in the bottoms of the blocks of a second course
receive the spline in the tops of the blocks of the first course,
and are locked by that spline against movement relative to the
blocks of the first course, and against outward movement. In like
manner, the blocks of each of the other courses of the vessel 68
are locked against outward movement and against movement relative
to the blocks of the course therebelow or therebelow and
thereabove, as the case may be. In another embodiment of the
instant invention, the splines on top of each course of blocks are
generally "U" shaped in plan view, and there are two such splines
on top of each course of the vessel. Each of these splines prevents
outward movement of only two opposed ones of the four walls, but
splines in other courses are rotated 90.degree. in plan so that
they prevent outward movement of the other two of the opposed ones
of the four walls.
[0070] Another treating vessel according to the invention is
indicated generally at 91 in FIG. 9. The walls of the vessel 91 are
composed of corner blocks 92 and wall blocks 93. The corner blocks
92, as shown in FIG. 15, have opposed major surfaces 94 and 95,
each of which is sometimes on the outside and sometimes on the
inside of a structure in which one of the blocks is installed. The
blocks also have edges 96 and 97, tops 98 and bottoms 99, all of
which are adjacent the major surface 94 and edges 100 and 101, tops
102 and bottoms 103, all of which are adjacent the major surface
95. The wall blocks 93, as shown in FIG. 14, have opposed major
surfaces 104 and 105, each of which is sometimes on the outside and
sometimes on the inside of a structure in which the blocks are
installed. The blocks also have edges 106 and 107, tops 108 and
bottoms 109, all of which are adjacent the major surface 104 and
edges 110 and 111, tops 112 and bottoms 113, all of which are
adjacent the major surface 105.
[0071] The first step in producing the treating vessel 91 is to
pour a concrete foundation 114 (FIG. 10) with a metal spline
assembly 115 embedded therein. The upper surface of the foundation
must be level, and a spline 116 which is a part of the spline
assembly 115 must be level and dimensionally accurate. The spline
assembly has a plate 117 in each corner, and a socket 118 welded or
otherwise attached to each plate. After the concrete of the
foundation 114 has cured adequately, a first course of blocks is
assembled on the spline 116, as shown in FIG. 11. Referring, also,
to FIG. 15, the first step of assembling the first course of blocks
involves fitting a slot 119 of a block 92 over the spline 116 with
the edge 96 on the near end and the major surface 94 on the right.
The bottom of the block 92 is the mirror image of the top, which is
seen in FIG. 15. The rest of the blocks in the first course between
the block 92 and a corner 120 of the structure are all blocks 96
(FIG. 14). A slot 121 of one of the blocks 96 is fitted over the
spline 116 with the edge 107 adjacent the previously installed
block 92 and the major surface 105 on the right. The bottom of the
block 92 is the mirror image of the top, which is seen in FIG. 14.
The other three walls of the first course have one block 92 with
its major surface 94 facing the outside of the structure, and six
blocks 93 with their major surfaces facing as indicated by
reference numerals in FIG. 11. They are assembled in the manner
just described. Indeed, each wall of each course is composed of a
block 92 at one end and six adjacent blocks 93. The major surface
94 of each block 92 faces the outside of the structure; the major
surface of each block 93 which is adjacent a block 92 faces the
inside of the structure; and the major surface 105 of each of the
other blocks 93 in each row faces either the outside or the inside,
the opposite of the adjacent blocks in that row. The block 93 on an
end of each row adjoins a block 92 in the same row, but on a
different side of the structure 91.
[0072] There are splines on the tops of all except the tenth row of
blocks in the treating vessel 91 of FIG. 9. The spline arrangement
on top of row 1 is the same as the spline arrangement on top of
rows 3, 5, 7 and 9. The spline arrangement on top of row 5, as
shown in FIG. 13, has angled tips 122 which lock the blocks in the
fifth course against lateral movement away from adjacent blocks.
Similarly, the spline arrangement on top of row 4 is the same as
the spline arrangement on top of rows 2, 6, and 8. The spline
arrangement on top of row 4, as shown in FIG. 12, also has angled
tips 122 which lock the blocks in the sixth course against lateral
movement away from adjacent blocks. The locking action of the tips
122 is a consequence of their being received in lateral slots 123
in the blocks 93, FIG. 14.
[0073] U-channels 124 and U shaped corner members 125 (See FIG. 16)
cover the top course of blocks in the vessel 91. The channels 124,
which have webs 126 and sidewalls 127, fit snuggly over the blocks
of the tenth course, while the corner members 125, which have webs
128 and sidewalls 129, fit snuggly over the corners of that course.
Triangular plates 130 are welded or otherwise attached to the
interior sidewalls 129 of the corner members 125. Threaded ends of
rods 131, which are locked against longitudinal movement inside
sockets 118 (FIG. 10) extend through holes 132 in the plates 130 so
that nuts can be turned onto the threaded ends to apply a
compressive force to the entire treating vessel 91.
[0074] Referring to FIG. 17, the treating vessel 91 has absorbing
panels 133 for solar energy. These panels are suspended from hooks
134 which are attached to the sidewalls 127 of two of the
U-channels. A transparent cover, which is clamped by a metal strap
135 to the top of the treating vessel 91, protects the contents
against rain, but does not prevent treated effluent which is
vaporized from being vented to the atmosphere. A supplemental
heater can be used with the vessel 91, or a drain can be provided
through which purified liquid which reaches the top of the vessel
can be discharged from the system.
[0075] A waterproof liner 136 (FIGS. 16 and 17) contains the liquid
contents of the treating vessel 91, i.e., the septic tank effluent
charged, and the products of its treatment, preventing leakage
before the liquid reaches the top of the vessel 91 and is vaporized
or otherwise discharged from the vessel. The liner 136 can be made
from plastic-coated fabric by cutting and sewing and then
waterproofing the seams, for example, with the plastic of the
plastic-coated fabric. The "plastic" of the plastic-coated fabric
can be, without limitation, a polyolefin, a polyester, a polyamide,
a polyurethane, a polycarbonate, a thermoplastic elastomer, a high
temperature polymer, or a blend of such materials.
[0076] A structure indicated generally at 137 in FIG. 18
constitutes the first nine courses of a house constructed from
blocks which have longitudinally extending slots in their upper and
lower surfaces to receive splines. The blocks of the first course
of the structure 137 are installed on splines 138 (FIG. 19), which
are parts of base strips 139. The base strips 139 are attached to a
concrete foundation 140 in a precisely controlled pattern and are
carefully leveled so that the blocks of the first course are
properly positioned when, as subsequently explained, they are
installed thereon. Referring, again to FIG. 18, the walls of the
structure 137 are composed of blocks 141 (see, also, FIGS. 20 and
27), 142 (see, also, FIGS. 22 and 27), 143 (see, also, FIGS. 21 and
27) and 144 (see, also, FIGS. 24 and 27), or, as subsequently
discussed in more detail, similarly shaped blocks of different
sizes.
[0077] The block 141 (FIG. 20) has opposed, parallel major surfaces
145 and 146 which are offset longitudinally of the block from one
another, so that a portion 147 of the block adjacent the surface
145 extends longitudinally of the block in a first direction beyond
the surface 146 and a portion 148 of the block adjacent the surface
146 extends longitudinally of the block in the opposite direction
beyond the surface 145. There is a longitudinally extending recess
149 in the top of the block to receive a spline and there are
spaced lateral recesses 150 to receive lateral portions of a spline
or of splines. There are also longitudinally extending and lateral
recesses in the bottom of the block 141 which are vertically
aligned with the recesses 149 and 150 in the top.
[0078] The block 142 (FIG. 22) has opposed, parallel major surfaces
151 and 152 which are offset longitudinally of the block from one
another, so that a portion 153 of the block adjacent the surface
152 extends longitudinally of the block in a first direction beyond
the surface 151 and a portion 154 of the block which is also
adjacent the surface 152 extends longitudinally of the block in the
opposite direction beyond the surface 151. There is a
longitudinally extending recess 155 in the top of the block to
receive a spline. There is also a longitudinally extending recess
in the bottom of the block 142 which is vertically aligned with the
recess 155 in the top.
[0079] The block 143 (FIG. 21) has opposed, parallel major surfaces
156 and 157 which are offset longitudinally of the block from one
another, so that a portion 158 of the block adjacent the surface
156 extends longitudinally of the block in a first direction beyond
the surface 157 and a portion 159 of the block adjacent the surface
157 extends longitudinally of the block in the opposite direction
beyond the surface 156. There is a longitudinally extending recess
160 in the top of the block to receive a spline and there are
spaced lateral recesses 161 to receive lateral portions of a spline
or of splines. There are also longitudinally extending and lateral
recesses in the bottom of the block 143 which are vertically
aligned with the recesses 160 and 161 in the top.
[0080] A block 144 (FIG. 24) has opposed, parallel major surfaces
172 and 173 and an end 178 which is perpendicular to the surfaces
172 and 173. A portion of the block adjacent the surface 172
extends a given distance, longitudinally of the block, to an end
181 which is perpendicular to the surface 172 and parallel to the
end 178, while a second portion of the block adjacent the surface
173 extends a greater distance, longitudinally of the block, to an
end 184 which is perpendicular to the surface 173 and parallel to
the end 178. There is a longitudinally extending recess 187 in the
top of the block to receive a spline and there are four spaced
lateral recesses 190 to receive lateral portions of a spline or of
splines. There are also longitudinally extending and lateral
recesses in the bottom of the block 144 which are vertically
aligned with the recesses 187 and 190 in the top.
[0081] The blocks 162 (FIG. 23), 170 (FIG. 25) and 171 (FIG. 26)
are similar to the blocks 144 of FIG. 24. The former blocks have
opposed, parallel major surfaces 163 and 164, 174 and 175, and 176
and 177, and ends 165, 179 and 180 which are perpendicular to the
respective major surfaces. A portion of each block adjacent the
major surface 164, 174 or 176 extends a given distance,
longitudinally of the block, to an end 165, 182 or 183 which is
perpendicular to the surface 164, 173 or 175 and parallel to the
end 165, 179 or 180, while a second portion of the block adjacent
the surface 163, 175 or 177 extends a greater distance,
longitudinally of the block, to an end 167, 185 or 186 which is
perpendicular to the surface 164, 175 or 177 and parallel to the
end 165, 179 or 180. There are longitudinally extending recesses
168, 188 and 189 in the tops of the blocks to receive splines and
there are spaced lateral recesses 169, 191 and 192 to receive
lateral portions of splines. There are also longitudinally
extending and lateral recesses in the bottoms of the blocks 162 170
and 171 which are vertically aligned with the recesses in the
tops.
[0082] The first step in producing the structure 137 of FIG. 18 is
to pour and accurately level the foundation 140 (FIG. 19), and the
next step is to attach the base strips 139 to the foundation so
that the blocks of the first course, when the splines 138 are
received in the slots in their bottoms, are accurately positioned,
as required.
[0083] The next step in producing the structure 137 is to position
door frames 193, 194, 195 and 196 and the blocks of the first
course so that the splines 138 which have been installed are
received in the slots in the bottoms of the blocks. The door
frames, which are channels opening outwardly of the frames, having
webs 197 and side-walls 198, are accurately positioned and attached
by threaded members (not illustrated) to the base strip 139 (FIG.
19).
[0084] The next steps are to position the blocks in the proper
positions on the spline 138 and on previously positioned blocks. In
doing this, it is necessary to take the rotational position of each
block into consideration. For example, the blocks 171, 170, 144 and
162 all have stepped ends so that the blocks are longer on their
left sides in the positions shown in FIGS. 26, 25, 24 and 23.
However, these blocks, when they are rotated 180.degree. about a
longitudinal axis, are longer on their right sides than on their
left.
[0085] FIG. 27 shows the blocks in the first course of the building
137. The following blocks are in the first course, and each is
shown by the drawing identified parenthetically after its reference
numeral: block 141 (FIG. 20), block 142 (FIG. 22), block 143 (FIG.
21), block 144 (FIG. 24), block 162 (FIG. 23), block 170 (FIG. 25)
and block 171 (FIG. 26). Blocks 141 make up most of the walls of
the first course. In addition, there is a block 142 at each corner,
and there are blocks 143 in three of the sidewalls. As is
subsequently explained in more detail, splines attach the ends of
interior partitions to the blocks 143. There are also blocks 144
and 171 in the first course, adjacent the door frames 193 and
196
[0086] The first courses of interior partitions of the building 137
are also shown in FIG. 27. These partitions are composed of blocks
141, 143, 144, 162, 170, and 171.
[0087] As stated above, there is a block 142 in the first course at
each of the four coiners of the building 137. As shown in more
detail in FIG. 29, there is a block 141 adjacent the block 142 in
each of the walls which meet at the left corner. These blocks are
in the rotational positions (about their longitudinal axes) shown
in FIG. 20 so that one of their portions 147 and 148 abuts the
block 142. Blocks 141 (see, also, FIG. 27) and one of the blocks
143 extend from the left corner shown in FIG. 29 to the rear
corner, which has the same configuration as the left corner, but is
rotated 90.degree., clockwise. Blocks 141, one of the blocks 143,
and one of the blocks 144 extend from the rear corner to the door
frame 196 and a block 171 and blocks 141 extend from the door frame
196 to the right corner of the building, which has the same
configuration as the rear corner, but is rotated 90.degree.,
clockwise. Blocks 141, and one of the blocks 144 extend from the
right corner to the door frame 193 and a block 171 and blocks 141
extend from the door frame 193 to the near corner of the building,
which also has the same configuration as the right corner, but is
rotated 90.degree., clockwise. Blocks 141 and one block 143 extend
from the near corner to the left corner. Finally, there are blocks
141, 143, 144, 162 and 170 in the first courses of the interior
partitions. In the first course, all of the blocks mentioned in
this paragraph are in the rotational positions (about their
longitudinal axes) in which they are shown in FIGS. 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25 and 26.
[0088] FIG. 28 shows the blocks in the second course of the
building 137, including the interior partitions. Blocks 141 also
make up most of the walls of the second course.
[0089] There is a block 142 in the second course at each of the
four corners of the building 137. As shown in more detail in FIG.
31, the block 142 in the left corner is positioned so that its
major surface 152 is exposed in the rear wall of the building, and
there is a block 141 adjacent the block 142 in each of the walls
which meet at that corner. The blocks 141 have been rotated
180.degree. (about their longitudinal axes) from the rotational
position shown in FIG. 20 so that one of their portions 147 and 148
abuts the block 142 and the major surface 146 is on the outside of
the wall from the near corner to the left corner, and the major
surface 145 is on the outside of the wall from the left corner to
the rear corner. Blocks 141 (see, also, FIG. 28) and one of the
blocks 143 (all rotated 180.degree.) extend from the left corner
shown in FIG. 28 to the rear corner, which has the same
configuration as the left corner, but is rotated 90.degree.,
clockwise. Blocks 141, one of the blocks 143, and one of the blocks
171, all rotated 180.degree., extend from the rear corner to the
opening for the door frame 196 and a block 144 and blocks 141 (all
rotated 180.degree.) extend from the opening for the door frame 196
to the right corner of the building, which has the same
configuration as the rear corner, but is rotated 90.degree.,
clockwise. Finally, Blocks 141, and one of the blocks 171 (rotated
180.degree.) extend from the right corner to the opening for the
door frame 193 and a block 144 and blocks 141 (rotated 180.degree.)
extend from the opening for the door frame 193 to the near corner
of the building, which also has the same configuration as the right
corner, but is rotated 90.degree., clockwise. Finally, there are
blocks 141, 143, 144, 162 and 170 in the second courses of the
interior partitions.
[0090] The corners of the third, fifth, seventh and ninth courses
of the building 137 have the same configuration as those of the
first course, and the corners of the fourth, sixth and eighth
courses have the same configuration as those of the second course.
The rest of the blocks in each course are shaped, oriented, sized
and positioned so that the several courses constitute the structure
137.
[0091] The blocks of the first course have recesses in their
bottoms which, as assembled, receive the spline 138 (FIG. 19), and
recesses in their tops which receive splines as subsequently
described in more detail. The blocks of the second and higher
courses have recesses in their bottoms which receive the splines
which are installed in recesses of the course below, and recesses
in their tops which receive splines that are also received in the
course above.
[0092] In the erection of the building, after the blocks of the
first course have been positioned as described above on the splines
138 (FIG. 19), splines of different designs are installed in the
slots in the tops of the blocks of the first course. One of these
splines, which is indicated generally at 199 in FIG. 29, is
received in the longitudinally extending recess in the top of the
block 142 (FIG. 27) in the left corner of the first course, and in
the top of the adjacent block 141 on each side of the block 142.
The spline 199 has a leg 200 which extends to the right of the
block 142 and into the recess 149 (see, also, FIG. 20) in the top
of the adjacent block 141, and has a tip 201 which is received in
one of the lateral recesses 150 of the adjacent block 141. The
spline 199 also has a leg 202 which extends at a right angle to the
leg 200 beyond the block 142 and into the recess 149 in the top of
the adjacent block 141 in the back wall of the building. The leg
202 of the spline 199 has a tip 203 which is received in one of the
lateral recesses 150 of the adjacent block 141 in the back wall of
the building.
[0093] As also shown in FIG. 29, there are longitudinally extending
splines 204 in the slots in the tops of the first course blocks in
the wall between the near corner and the left corner and in the
back wall of the building. One of the splines 204 extends through
about half of the slot in the top of the second block 141 in the
back wall, through the slots in the tops of the next three blocks
141, and into the slot in the top of the sixth one of the blocks
141, where it terminates (see FIG. 30). The leg 200 of another
spline 199 is also received in the slot 149 in the top of the sixth
block 141, while the leg 202 of that spline is received in the
slots of adjacent blocks 171 and 141 in the interior partition. The
leg 202 of the spline 199 extends longitudinally of the block 171
and into the recess 149 in the top of the adjacent block 141 in the
partition, where its tip 203 is received in one of the lateral
recesses 150 of the adjacent block 141.
[0094] There are splines 199 at each of the corners of each course.
The structures at the other corners of the first course are the
same as that shown and described at the left corner, but rotated
clockwise 90.degree. at the far corner, rotated 180.degree.
clockwise at the right corner, and 270.degree. clockwise at the
near corner. There is a spline 199 associated as described with
each block 142 of each corner.
[0095] There are also splines 199 at each intersection of two
walls, and longitudinal splines 204 between the splines 199. The
spline arrangements are similar to that shown in FIG. 30, and
described above with reference thereto, differing from one another
mainly with respect to the position, longitudinally of the block
143, of the intersection of the two legs 200 and 202 of the spline
199.
[0096] The corners of the second course of the structure 137, as
discussed above, are different from the corners of the first
course. In the second course, at the left corner of the building,
as shown in FIG. 31, a block 142 is positioned so that its major
surface 152 faces the rear of the building, its end 154 is at the
end of the wall from the near corner to the left corner, and two of
the blocks 141 are adjacent that block 142. One of the adjacent
blocks 141 is positioned in the wall from the near corner to the
left corner so that its major surface 146 faces the exterior of the
structure, and the other is positioned in the wall from the left
corner to the rear corner so that its major surface 145 faces the
exterior. These blocks are rotated 180.degree. about their
longitudinal axes from their positions in the first course, as
shown in FIG. 27. The structures at the other corners of the second
course are the same as that shown and described at the left corner,
but rotated clockwise 90.degree. at the far corner, rotated
180.degree. clockwise at the right corner, and 270.degree.
clockwise at the near corner. There is a spline 199 associated as
described with each block 142 of each corner.
[0097] The corners of the third, fifth, seventh and ninth courses
of the building 137 are the same as those of the first course, and
the corners of the fourth, sixth and eighth courses are the same as
those of the second course.
[0098] When two of the blocks 141, 143.144, 162, 170 and 171 are
required to abut, their rotational positions about their
longitudinal axes must be matched so that the two nest as shown in
the within drawings.
[0099] The other courses of the structure 137 are composed of the
blocks 141, 142, 143 and, where required to control the lengths of
the walls and partitions, one or more of the blocks 144, 162, 170
and 171.
[0100] Blocks 162 (FIG. 23), 144 (FIG. 24), 170 (FIG. 25), and 171
(FIG. 26) are used as required to accommodate the windows in the
fifth, sixth and seventh courses of the building.
[0101] There are recesses 205 in surfaces of the blocks 141 (FIG.
20), 143 (FIG. 21), 142 (FIG. 22), 162 (FIG. 23), 144 (FIG. 24),
170 (FIG. 25), and 171 (FIG. 26) which are inside a wall when the
blocks are assembled as described above. There are also similar
recesses at the opposite ends of the blocks 141 (FIG. 20), 143
(FIG. 21), and 142 (FIG. 22). These recesses are formed by
corresponding raised portions of light weight molds in which the
blocks are cast. The raised portions are useful because they
strengthen the molds, but the recesses in the blocks serve no
useful purpose.
[0102] Referring to FIG. 27, the walls to the right of the near
corner, to the right of the left corner, and to the left of the
door frame 194 can be lengthened by a few blocks; a new partition
can be installed from the partition to the left of the door frame
194 to the wall from the left corner to the back corner; and
apparatus for treating septic tank effluent, as previously
described, can be installed in the windowless closed space which
results.
[0103] As shown in FIG. 32, splines 206 which span window and door
openings are advantageously used in the seventh course of the
building. The splines 206 are received in the slots in the tops of
the blocks of the seventh course on opposed sides of the openings
and in the slots in the bottoms of the blocks (not shown in FIG.
32) of the eighth course.
[0104] Tensioned rods can be installed between the foundation and
the tops of the walls to place the building structure 137 under
compression, and thereby increase its strength. Such rods,
designated 207, are shown in FIG. 18 in the rear corner of the
building 137, adjacent the door frame 196, at the intersections of
interior partitions and exterior walls and between windows in the
wall from the left corner of the building to the rear corner. Such
rods are also advantageous in the other corners of the building, on
both sides of the door frame 193, and between the windows in the
wall from the near corner to the left corner of the building.
Fittings 208 to receive the rods 207 are shown in FIG. 19 at each
of the corners of the spline 138. Grooves which extend around the
blocks 141 and 143, in their tops, bottoms and ends, can also be
provided, and stepped rods received in some of those grooves can be
used as described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,769,220 to anchor the blocks
of the building structure 137 against upward movement.
[0105] A structure indicated generally at 209 in FIG. 33
constitutes the first nine courses of a house constructed from
blocks which have longitudinally extending slots in their upper and
lower surfaces to receive splines. The blocks of the first course
of the structure 137 are installed on splines 138 (FIG. 19), which
are parts of base strips 139. The base strips 139 are attached to a
concrete foundation 140 in a precisely controlled pattern and are
carefully leveled so that the blocks of the first course are
properly positioned when, as subsequently explained, they are
installed thereon. Referring, again to FIG. 18, the walls of the
structure 137 are composed of blocks 141 (see, also, FIGS. 20 and
27), 142 (see, also, FIGS. 22 and 27), 143 (see, also, FIGS. 21 and
27) and 144 (see, also, FIGS. 24 and 27), or, as subsequently
discussed in more detail, similarly shaped blocks of different
sizes.
[0106] The block 141 (FIG. 20) has opposed, parallel major surfaces
145 and 146 which are offset longitudinally of the block from one
another, so that a portion 147 of the block adjacent the surface
145 extends longitudinally of the block in a first direction beyond
the surface 146 and a portion 148 of the block adjacent the surface
146 extends longitudinally of the block in the opposite direction
beyond the surface 145. There is a longitudinally extending recess
149 in the top of the block to receive a spline and there are
spaced lateral recesses 150 to receive lateral portions of a spline
or of splines. There are also longitudinally extending and lateral
recesses in the bottom of the block 141 which are vertically
aligned with the recesses 149 and 150 in the top.
[0107] The block 142 (FIG. 22) has opposed, parallel major surfaces
151 and 152 which are offset longitudinally of the block from one
another, so that a portion 153 of the block adjacent the surface
152 extends longitudinally of the block in a first direction beyond
the surface 151 and a portion 154 of the block which is also
adjacent the surface 152 extends longitudinally of the block in the
opposite direction beyond the surface 151. There is a
longitudinally extending recess 155 in the top of the block to
receive a spline. There is also a longitudinally extending recess
in the bottom of the block 142 which is vertically aligned with the
recess 155 in the top.
[0108] The block 143 (FIG. 21) has opposed, parallel major surfaces
156 and 157 which are offset longitudinally of the block from one
another, so that a portion 158 of the block adjacent the surface
156 extends longitudinally of the block in a first direction beyond
the surface 157 and a portion 159 of the block adjacent the surface
157 extends longitudinally of the block in the opposite direction
beyond the surface 156. There is a longitudinally extending recess
160 in the top of the block to receive a spline and there are
spaced lateral recesses 161 to receive lateral portions of a spline
or of splines. There are also longitudinally extending and lateral
recesses in the bottom of the block 143 which are vertically
aligned with the recesses 160 and 161 in the top.
[0109] Homes having many different floor plans, and varying greatly
in size and exterior appearance, can be constructed as described
above with reference to FIGS. 18, 19 and 27-32. Exterior views of
four different homes that have been designed for construction as so
described are shown in FIGS. 33, 34, 35 and 36.
[0110] A fragment of the second course of another building
structure according to the invention is indicated generally at 210
in FIG. 37. Most of the structure 210 is identical to that
designated 137 in FIG. 18, differing in that rods 211 are buried in
the corners of the structure, replacing the exposed rods 207, and
in that blocks 142 have been replaced by blocks 212. with block
portions 213 sufficiently narrow (left to right in FIG. 37) that
the rods 211 will slide between the block portions and the adjacent
block 141.
[0111] The other rods which are exposed in FIG. 18 can also be
buried in adjacent blocks. which have been modified in minor
respects, as required, in the manner disclosed above.
[0112] The invention also provides a method for producing an
improved foundation, The method, in a preferred embodiment which is
illustrated in FIGS. 38 through 45, comprises [0113] Digging a
trench (FIG. 38) and pouring a hardenable concrete footer 214 (FIG.
39) in the trench [0114] Installing a course 215 (FIG. 40) of
cement blocks on top of the footer 214 [0115] Inserting a
reinforcing bar 216 (FIG. 41) in the footer so that a lower end is
embedded in the footer, a central portion passes through one of the
cement blocks of the course 215, and an upper end protrudes above
the top of that cement block (FIG. 41). (This step is carried out
while the concrete of the footer is still hardenable,) [0116] Next,
a slab jig 217 is assembled on the cement blocks of the course 215,
the slab jig having an open top, an open bottom, and sidewalls so
shaped that the upper surface of a concrete slab which subsequently
fills the slab jig is substantially level and has such a shape that
the foundation for a desired building can be constructed thereon
(FIG. 42). [0117] The slab jig is then filled with a hardenable
concrete, forming a slab 218 (FIG. 43) which has a level top and
the shape and position required to support the foundation; the
upper end of the reinforcing bar 216 is embedded in the slab 218.
While the concrete in the slab 218 is still hardenable, tiles 219
and other tiles that are required in the first course of the
building that is to be constructed are installed and are seated in
the slab 218. A step rod 220 extends through the tile 219 on the
left in FIG. 45 and into the slab 218 and a half step rod 221
extends through the tile 219 on the right in FIG. 45 and into the
slab 218. (The structure of the tile 219 which enables this
cooperation between the tile and the step rod 220 and the half step
rod 221 is subsequently explained herein.) Step rods and half step
rods (not shown) also lock the other blocks (not shown in FIG. 45)
of the first course of the building that is to be constructed to
the slab 218.
A step rod 220 and a half step rod 221 are shown in FIGS. 47 and
48.
[0118] There are concrete tiles 219 in the wall structure shown in
FIGS. 44-46. These tiles, as shown in FIG. 49, have opposed,
rectangular major surfaces 224 and 225, ends 226 and 227 adjacent
the surface 224 and ends 228 and 229 adjacent the surface 225. As
shown in FIG. 49, the end 226 is farther to the left than the end
228, and the end 229 is the same distance farther to the right than
the end 227. There is a longitudinally extending slot 230 in the
top of the tile 219, and there are also laterally extending slots
231, which are also in the top. These slots, in the manner
previously described in detail, receive splines when the blocks are
used in the construction of buildings. There are also slots 232,
which extend the length of the tile 219 and the length of each of
the ends 227 and 228 of the tile. The step rod 220 (FIG. 45) is
received in one of the slots 232 (FIG. 49) in the top of the tile
219 and in one of those slots in the end of the tile, and extends
downwardly into the slab 218 below that tile. Whether the step rod
220 is received in the slot 232 near the surface 224 of the tile
219 or near the surface 225 depends upon the rotational orientation
of that tile
[0119] Tiles 219 and other tiles, as shown in FIG. 50 and explained
below, have been used in the construction of buildings, including
one having a first course which is indicated generally at 233 in
FIG. 50. Tiles 219 constitute most of the tiles of the building
course 233. In addition, there are six corner tiles 234, and stop
tiles 235 which are used where a course of a partition or outer
wall terminates at an intersecting wall or at an opening, and
differ from one another only in size and number of cross slots. The
first course 233, as is shown in FIGS. 44-46, is positioned on the
slab 218, which is poured in the slab jig 217, after it has been
assembled on the course 215 of cement blocks. The slab jig 217, as
is shown in FIG. 51, is rectangular in overall shape, having
corners at which sides 236 and 237 are connected by an elbow 238,
at which the side 237 and a third side 239 are connected by a
second elbow 238, at which the side 239 and a fourth side 240 are
connected by a third elbow 238, and at which the sides 240 and 236
are connected by a fourth elbow 238. There are six elbows 238 and
fifteen T-fittings 241 in the slab jig 217 (FIG. 51), which
comprises the corner fittings, the T fittings, and spaced channel
members 242, which make up the exterior walls and the interior
partitions. A T-fitting 241 is shown in the wall 236, and can be
used, together with an underlying foundation and a laterally
extending cement block, to form a lateral extension to the wall 236
to increase its stability; it has been found, however, that the
wall 236 is sufficiently stable without this extension.
[0120] The elbow 238 and fragments of the walls 236 and 237 of the
slab jig 217, which are shown in perspective in FIG. 52, is
composed of first and second pairs 243 of opposed channel members.
The channels of the pairs 243, which match the channel members 242
(FIG. 51), have facing webs 244, which are parallel to one another.
The webs 244 of one of the pairs 243 of channel members extend at
90 degrees to the webs 244 of the others.
[0121] There are four "T" fittings 241 in the wall 237 (FIG. 51) of
the slab jig 217. These fittings, shown in FIG. 53, are composed of
a pair of outwardly facing, partially closed, channel members 245
and longitudinally aligned channel members 246, one of which forms
an open channel 247 with one end of an opposed channel member 248
while the other forms an open channel 249 with the other end of the
member 248. The channels 247 and 249 are longitudinally aligned
with each other and with channels of the slab jig. Referring,
again, to FIG. 51, there are two T fittings 241 in the wall 239 of
the slab jig 217, two in the wall 240, one in the wall 236, and
five in the interior walls. There are also two elbows 238 in the
interior walls.
[0122] The first step in the erection of a building on the cement
blocks 215 (FIG. 42) is the assembly of the slab jig 217 on top of
the blocks. The slab jig should be level, and should be positioned
so that a slab poured therein is aligned with the tiles (when
installed, properly positioned) of the first course of the building
that is to be constructed. Accordingly, the lateral positioning of
the jig can vary somewhat. A hardenable concrete is then poured
into the jig to form a slab; a first course of tiles and
reinforcing bars is installed on and in the hardenable concrete;
and, after the concrete hardens, the slab jig is removed.
Preferably, the tiles of the first course, and tiles of subsequent
courses, have slots in their upper surfaces so that the tiles of
the second and subsequent courses can be installed on the splines
of the course below, as described above.
[0123] It will be appreciated that the hardenable concrete which
forms the slab 218 must remain workable long enough to enable the
tiles of the first course and the reinforcing bars to be seated,
but must be sufficiently dry that seating of the tiles and
reinforcing bars does not appreciably change the shape of the slab
jig. In the language of the art, this means that a "dry mix" is
required.
[0124] It is preferred that the slab jig 217 be removed from the
structure after it has served its purose, as it can then be reused
in the construction of another building
[0125] In its essential details, the invention in one aspect, is a
method for treating the liquid effluent from a septic tank. The
method involves the steps of pumping the liquid effluent to the
bottom of a treatment vessel that is packed with pebbles, glass
beads or the like. First, the vessel is filled to a predetermined
level. Thereafter, pumping additional effluent to the bottom
thereof causes a non-turbulent, upward movement of the effluent in
the vessel. Treated effluent is withdrawn from the upper portion of
the vessel at substantially the rate at which the effluent is
pumped to the bottom of the treatment vessel, and the withdrawn
treated effluent is pasteurized. The rate at which liquid effluent
is pumped to the bottom of the treatment vessel is sufficiently low
that the treated effluent withdrawn from the upper portion of the
vessel is substantially devoid of organic material, and can be
discharged without harm to the environment.
[0126] In another aspect, the invention is an improvement to a
rectangular or square building structure. The building comprises a
foundation which has a substantially planar and horizontal upper
surface, and a plurality of courses of blocks which form the walls
of the building. The blocks have longitudinally extending slots in
their bottoms and tops in which metal strips are received. The
metal strips in the slots in the bottoms of the blocks in the first
course are attached to and extend upwardly from the upper surface
of the foundation. The metal strips are effective to lock the
blocks of the first course against lateral movement relative
thereto. There are also second and subsequent metal strips which
are received in the slots in the tops of the blocks of the first
and higher courses And in the bottoms of the second and higher
courses. The second and subsequent metal strips are effective to
lock the blocks in whose slots they are received against lateral
movement relative to the strips. The improvement of the invention,
in one specific instance, comprises a metal strip which is received
in and locked against lateral movement relative to the slots of
adjacent blocks of two different walls of the building, and means
for preventing longitudinal movement of the strip relative to at
least one of the slots in which it is received, thereby resisting
movement of the corner of each of the walls away from the adjacent
wall. For example, as shown in FIG. 2, blocks 89 and 90 meet at the
corner 65 of the vessel 14, where one of the splines 63 locks the
block 90 against movement to the right, away from the block 89, and
also locks the block 89 against similar movement away from the
block 90. There is a spline 63 at each of the corners of each of
the courses of the vessel 14 so that outward movement of each of
the walls is effectively prevented.
[0127] In another aspect, the invention is a method for producing a
foundation for a building. The method involves the steps of digging
a trench having the shape and position required by the foundation
for the building, pouring a hardenable concrete footer in the
trench, assembling a slab jig on the footer, positioning the slab
jig, if necessary, so that the upper surface of a concrete slab
which subsequently fills the slab jig is substantially level, and
filling the slab jig with a hardenable concrete. The slab jig has
an open top, an open bottom, and sidewalls so shaped that the upper
surface of a concrete slab which fills the slab jig is
substantially flat and the slab has the shape required of the
foundation for a particular building, Preferably, the method also
includes the step of setting a cement block course on top of the
footer after the hardenable concrete thereof has hardened, so that
the slab jig is assembled on top of the cement block course, which
is on top of the footer.
[0128] In a preferred embodiment, the invention is a block having a
body part which is right rectangular parallelepipedal in shape, has
a top, a bottom and first and second body part sidewalls, has
parallel, longitudinally extending, spline-receiving grooves in its
top and bottom, and has an integral extension with a top, a bottom,
and a first extension sidewall which are extensions of the top, the
bottom and the first of said body part sidewalls, a second
extension sidewall which is parallel to said first extension
sidewall, and spaced therefrom by half the distance between the
first and second body part sidewalls, and an end which is
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said body part, wherein
said body part has an end adjacent said integral extension which is
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said body part and an
opposed end which is either perpendicular to the longitudinal axis
of said body part or is a second integral extension of said body
part with a top, a bottom, and a third extension sidewall which are
extensions of the top, the bottom and the first or the second of
said body part sidewalls, a fourth extension sidewall which is
parallel to said third extension sidewall, and spaced therefrom by
half the distance between the first and second body part sidewalls,
and an end which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said
body part, and said body part has an end adjacent said integral
extension which is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of said
body part.
[0129] In another preferred embodiment, the improvement of the
invention is a metal strip which is received in and locked against
lateral movement relative to the slots of adjacent blocks of two
different walls of the building, and means for preventing
longitudinal movement of the strip relative to both of the slots in
which it is received.
[0130] It will be appreciated that various changes and
modifications can be made to the apparatus and method specifically
disclosed herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
* * * * *
References