U.S. patent application number 11/603341 was filed with the patent office on 2008-05-22 for smoking articles and wrapping materials therefor.
Invention is credited to Robert Leslie Oglesby.
Application Number | 20080115794 11/603341 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39415703 |
Filed Date | 2008-05-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080115794 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Oglesby; Robert Leslie |
May 22, 2008 |
Smoking articles and wrapping materials therefor
Abstract
A smoking article includes a smokable rod manufactured using a
paper wrapping material having an additive material applied thereto
as a pattern. The additive material is applied as coating
formulation (e.g., an aqueous coating formulation) incorporating a
film-forming agent such as alginate or
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and a polyol, corn oil, or corn
syrup.
Inventors: |
Oglesby; Robert Leslie;
(Kernersville, NC) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BRINKS HOFER GILSON & LIONE
P.O. BOX 10395
CHICAGO
IL
60610
US
|
Family ID: |
39415703 |
Appl. No.: |
11/603341 |
Filed: |
November 21, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
131/58 ;
131/365 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A24D 1/025 20130101;
A24B 15/282 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
131/58 ;
131/365 |
International
Class: |
A24C 1/26 20060101
A24C001/26; A24D 1/02 20060101 A24D001/02 |
Claims
1. A wrapping material for a smoking article, the wrapping material
comprising a base sheet and an additive material disposed on at
least one major surface thereof, the additive material comprising
(i) a first material selected from the group consisting of a
polyol, corn oil, and corn syrup, and (ii) at least one polymeric
film-forming agent.
2. The wrapping material of claim 1 wherein the first material is a
polyol selected from a group consisting of mannitol, erythritol,
sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol, lactitol, polyglycitol, isomaltitol,
and any combination thereof.
3. The wrapping material of claim 1 wherein the at least one
polymeric film-forming agent is selected from a group consisting of
hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, an alginate,
and any combination thereof.
4. The wrapping material of claim 3 wherein the alginate is
selected from a group consisting of ammonium alginate, potassium
alginate, sodium alginate, and any combination thereof.
5. A smoking article comprising a tobacco rod, the tobacco rod
comprising tobacco wrapped in a paper wrapping material, the
wrapping material comprising a base sheet and an additive material
disposed on at least one major surface thereof, the additive
material comprising (i) a polyol, and (ii) at least one polymeric
film-forming agent.
6. The smoking article of claim 5 wherein the first material is a
polyol selected from a group consisting of mannitol, erythritol,
sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol, lactitol, polyglycitol, isomaltitol,
and any combination thereof.
7. The smoking article of claim 5 wherein the at least one
polymeric film-forming agent is selected from a group consisting of
hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, an alginate,
and any combination thereof.
8. The smoking article of claim 7 wherein the alginate is selected
from a group consisting of ammonium alginate, potassium alginate,
sodium alginate, and any combination thereof.
9. A method of providing a wrapping material for a smoking article,
said method comprising the steps of: providing a wrapping material
comprising a base sheet; providing an additive material comprising
(i) a first material selected from the group consisting of a
polyol, corn oil, and corn syrup, and (ii) at least one polymeric
film-forming agent; and applying the additive material in a banded
pattern to a major surface of the base sheet.
10. The method of claim 9 wherein the first material is a polyol
selected from a group consisting of mannitol, erythritol, sorbitol,
maltitol, xylitol, lactitol, polyglycitol, isomaltitol, and any
combination thereof.
11. The method of claim 9 wherein the at least one polymeric
film-forming agent is selected from a group consisting of
hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, an alginate,
and any combination thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 wherein the alginate is selected from a
group consisting of ammonium alginate, potassium alginate, sodium
alginate, and any combination thereof.
13. The method of claim 9, wherein the additive material is
provided as an aqueous mixture, and the method further comprises
the steps of: combining the first material and the at least one
polymeric film-forming agent in a stirred manner to form an aqueous
solution at about 60.degree. C.; and cooling the aqueous mixture to
room temperature.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the additive material comprises
an alginate selected such that a water-alginate mixture exhibits a
viscosity of greater than about 500 cP when the alginate is present
at 3 percent by weight in the water-alginate mixture at 25.degree.
C.
15. The method of claim 13, wherein the additive material comprises
an alginate selected such that a water-alginate mixture exhibits a
viscosity of greater than about 1000 cP when the alginate is
present at 3 percent by weight in the water-alginate mixture at
25.degree. C.
16. The method of claim 13, wherein the first material and the at
least one polymeric film-forming agent combined comprise about 10
to about 50 weight percent in the aqueous mixture.
17. The method of claim 13, wherein the first material and the at
least one polymeric film-forming agent combined comprise about 15
to about 30 weight percent in the aqueous mixture.
18. The method of claim 9, wherein the additive material comprises
water, potassium sorbate, calcium chloride, hydroxypropylcellulose,
and the first material is a polyol selected from the group
consisting of erythritol and mannitol.
19. The method of claim 18, wherein the polyol selected is
erythritol, and the additive material further comprises corn
oil.
20. The method of claim 9, wherein the additive material comprises
water, potassium sorbate, calcium chloride,
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, corn oil, and high fructose corn
syrup,
21. The method of claim 9, wherein the additive material comprises
water, potassium sorbate, calcium chloride,
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, corn oil, and an alginate selected
from the group consisting of sodium alginate and ammonium
alginate.
22. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of heating
the wrapping material at about 230.degree. C. for about 15
minutes.
23. The method of claim 22, wherein a diffusion capacity of the
wrapping material in a banded pattern region is greater after the
step of heating than before the step of heating.
24. The method of claim 9, wherein the additive material comprises
additional components selected from the group consisting of
potassium sorbate, calcium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium
citrate, calcium carbonate, magnesium oxide, and colorant.
25. A wrapping material for a smoking article, the wrapping
material comprising a base sheet and an additive material disposed
on at least one major surface thereof, the additive material
comprising (i) hydroxypropyl-methylcellulose and (ii) at least one
other polymeric material.
26. A wrapping material for a smoking article, the wrapping
material comprising a base sheet and an additive material disposed
on at least one major surface thereof, the additive material
comprising at least two layers of an intermediate to high molecular
weight alginate selected from the group consisting of sodium
alginate and ammonium alginate.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to smoking articles, and in
particular, to wrapping materials associated with those smoking
articles. More specifically, the present invention relates to
cigarettes, and in particular, to the positioning of additive
material to desired locations of wrapping materials of cigarette
rods.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Smoking articles, such as cigarettes, have a substantially
cylindrical rod-shaped structure and include a charge, roll, or
column of smokable material, such as shredded tobacco, surrounded
by a paper wrapper, to form a "cigarette rod," "smokable rod" or a
"tobacco rod." Normally, a cigarette has a cylindrical filter
element aligned in an end-to-end relationship with the tobacco rod.
Typically, a filter element comprises plasticized cellulose acetate
tow circumscribed by a paper material known as "plug wrap." Certain
cigarettes incorporate filter elements comprising, for example,
activated charcoal particles. Typically, the filter element is
attached to one end of the tobacco rod using a circumscribing
wrapping material known as "tipping paper."
[0003] A cigarette is used by a smoker by lighting one end of that
cigarette, and burning the tobacco rod. The smoker then receives
mainstream smoke into his or her mouth by drawing on the opposite
end of the cigarette. During the time that the cigarette is not
being drawn upon by the smoker, the cigarette remains burning.
[0004] Numerous attempts have been made to control the manner that
a cigarette burns when the cigarette is not being drawn upon. For
example, cigarette papers have been treated with various materials
to cause cigarettes incorporating those papers to self extinguish
during periods when those cigarettes are lit but are not being
actively puffed. Certain treatment methods have involved applying
materials to the paper in circumferential bands or longitudinal
stripes, creating areas that affect the burn rate of cigarettes
incorporating that type of cigarette paper. See, for example, U.S.
Pat. No. 3,030,963 to Cohn; U.S. Pat. No. 4,146,040 to Cohn; U.S.
Pat. No. 4,489,738 to Simon; U.S. Pat. No. 4,480,650 to Weinert;
U.S. Pat. No. 4,615,345 to Durocher; U.S. Pat. No. 6,606,999 to
Crooks et al; U.S. Pat. No. 6,827,087 to Wanna et al; and U.S. Pat.
No. 6,848,449 to Kitao et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,904,917 to Kitao et
al.; and U.S. patent application Pub. Nos. 2004/0231685 to Patel et
al.; 2005/0016556 to Ashcraft et al.; and 2005/0076929 to
Fitzgerald et al.; each of which is incorporated herein by
reference. In addition, numerous references disclose applying films
to the paper wrapping materials of tobacco rods. See, for example,
U.S. Pat. No. 1,909,924 to Schweitzer; U.S. Pat. No. 4,607,647 to
Dashley; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,060,675 to Milford et al., each of
which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0005] "Banded" paper wrapping materials that are used for
cigarette manufacture include segments defined by the composition,
location, and properties of the various materials within those
wrapping materials. Numerous references contain disclosures
suggesting various banded wrapping material configurations. See,
for example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,996,002 to Seaman; U.S. Pat. No.
2,013,508 to Seaman; U.S. Pat. No. 4,452,259 to Norman et al.; U.S.
Pat. No. 5,417,228 to Baldwin et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,753 to
Peterson et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,878,754 to Peterson et al.; U.S.
Pat. No. 6,198,537 to Bokelman et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 6,779,530 to
Kraker; U.S. Pat. No. 6,837,248 to Zawadzki et al; and U.S. Pat.
No. 6,725,867 to Peterson et al.; and U.S. patent application Pub.
Nos. 2005/0016556 to Ashcraft et al. and 2005/0229941 to Minami et
al.; each of which is incorporated herein by reference. Methods for
manufacturing banded-type wrapping materials also have been
disclosed. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,739,775 to Hampl, Jr.
et al.; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,474,095 to Allen et al.; and PCT
Application Pub. Nos. WO 02/44700 to Watkins and WO 02/055294 to
Hammersmith et al. Some of those references describe banded papers
having segments of paper, fibrous cellulosic material, or
particulate material adhered to a paper web. See, U.S. Pat. No.
5,263,999 to Baldwin et al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,417,228 to Baldwin et
al.; U.S. Pat. No. 5,450,863 to Collins et al.; and U.S. Pat. No.
6,502,613 to Suzuki; and U.S. patent application Pub. No.
2005/0045297 to Garg et al. A representative method for
manufacturing cigarettes having treated wrapping materials is set
forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,191,906 to Myracle, Jr. et al. Additive
materials can be applied to cigarette paper wrapping materials
while those wrapping materials are being used for cigarette
manufacture (i.e., in a so-called "on-line" fashion). See, for
example, U.S. Pat. No. 1,999,223 to Weinberger; U.S. Pat. No.
1,999,224 to Miles; and U.S. Pat. No. 6,848,449 to Kitao et al.;
U.S. Pat. No. 6,904,917 to Kitao et al.; and U.S. patent
application Pub. Nos. 2004/0129281 to Hancock et al; 2004/0261805
to Wanna et al; 2005/0039764 to Barnes et al.; and 2005/0076929 to
Fitzgerald et al.; each of which is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0006] It would be desirable to apply additive material in a
controlled manner as a predetermined pattern (e.g., as bands) to
wrapping material of the type that is used for the manufacture of
smokable rods for cigarettes. It also would be desirable to provide
an additive material formulation that is capable of being applied
to the wrapping material in an efficient and effective manner. It
also would be desirable to ensure that the wrapping material so
treated with additive material, when employed for the manufacture
of a cigarette rod, yields a cigarette that meets standards of
quality and behavior desired by the manufacturer of that
cigarette.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention provides manners and methods for
manufacturing smoking articles, such as cigarettes. In a preferred
aspect of the present invention, a suitable additive material is
applied to the wrapping material of a cigarette rod, and that
additive material includes at least one type of polymeric
component. Certain additive materials incorporate a mixture of
polymeric components. The additive material is applied to at least
one major surface of the wrapping material, and most preferably, to
one major surface of the wrapping material.
[0008] The present invention also relates to wrapping materials
having additive material formulations applied thereto (most
preferably in a controlled manner), and to cigarettes manufactured
from those wrapping materials. For example, additive material is
applied to a wrapping material as a formulation of the present
invention; and that formulation incorporates at least one type of
polymeric agent, and can incorporate a polymeric agent mixture.
[0009] A representative additive material formulation can
incorporate a polymeric agent such as
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
[0010] A representative additive material formulation can
incorporate a material that can be used to reduce the amount of
solvent or liquid carrier within the formulation, without acting to
increase the viscosity of that formulation to any significant
degree. Exemplary materials of this type are relatively low
molecular weight carbohydrates, such as one or more
polyols/polyol-type materials, selected from mannitol, erythritol,
sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol, lactitol, polyglycitol, isomaltitol,
or any combination thereof.
[0011] In one aspect of the invention, a representative additive
material formulation, and in particular, a representative polymeric
agent mixture, most preferably incorporates a polymeric material
that can be characterized as providing a thickening property to the
formulation; that is, an agent that provides desirable rheological
properties to the formulation. Representative thickening agents are
polymeric materials that because of character or behavior, because
of viscosities that they exhibit, and because of factors such as
their molecular weight, have the ability to provide an increased
viscosity to a formulation into which they are incorporated.
[0012] In another aspect of the invention, a representative
additive material formulation, and in particular, a representative
polymeric agent mixture, most preferably incorporates a polymeric
material that can be characterized as providing film-forming
properties to the formulation; that is, an agent that provides
desirable functional effects or properties to the formulation. That
is, film-forming agents act to provide a formulation that can allow
the formulation to be applied to the wrapping material in a desired
manner (e.g., as a pre-determined pattern), and can provide a
treated wrapping material that exhibits desired functional
behaviors. Representative film-forming agents are polymeric
materials of varying molecular weights. The thickening agent and
the film-forming agent can be provided by one particular type of
polymeric material, or one type of polymeric material that is
provided in at least two forms, or at least two ranges of molecular
weights. That is, certain polymeric materials can have the ability
to act as both film-forming and thickening agents. Alternatively,
the thickening agent can be provided by one type of polymeric
material, and the film-forming agent can be provided by a different
type of polymeric material.
[0013] One representative type of additive material formulation
incorporates a mixture of (i) a material such as a polyol-type
material, and (ii) at least one polymeric film-forming agent (e.g.,
which can include a polymeric material such as
hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, or a
combination thereof).
[0014] Another representative type of additive material formulation
incorporates a mixture of (i) hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, and
(ii) at least one other polymeric material, such as an alginate
(e.g., ammonium alginate or sodium alginate).
[0015] Representative formulations of additive materials are most
preferably water-based formulations; but may alternatively include
formulations containing water-miscible components (e.g., one or
more alcohols), or that are non-aqueous based (e.g., organic
solvent) in nature.
[0016] Optional ingredients, such as flavoring agents,
preservatives, pigments and/or colorants, also can be incorporated
into the aforementioned formulations. Ingredients such as water
soluble and/or water insoluble filler materials (e.g., sodium
chloride, calcium chloride, potassium citrate and/or calcium
carbonate) also can be incorporated into those formulations.
[0017] Other embodiments of the present invention involve a method
for transferring additive material to, and retaining additive
material on, desired locations of a wrapping material (e.g., paper
wrapping web). For example, wrapping material having a formulation
incorporating a polymeric agent mixture (e.g., a formulation having
an adhesive-type of character or nature) disposed thereon or
otherwise applied thereto (e.g., by printing) can have liquid
solvent or carrier removed (e.g., the treated wrapping material can
be dried to remove significant amounts of water, when the
formulation is a water-based formulation) and wound onto a roll
that is adapted for later use for smoking article manufacture.
[0018] Other aspects of the present invention involve a method for
transferring the polymeric agent mixture, and retaining that
mixture on, desired locations of, a wrapping material suitable for
use for smoking article manufacture (e.g., paper wrapping web) when
manufacturing smoking articles from those materials using a
cigarette making machine. That is, a formulation of additive
material is applied to a continuously advancing strip of a paper
web within a region of an automated cigarette-making machine system
(e.g., a machine designed to produce a continuous cigarette rod) in
a desired amount, in a desired configuration and in a desired
location.
[0019] For a wrapping material of the present invention, the region
thereof coated with coating formulation of the present invention
most preferably exhibits a diffusion capacity in that coated
region, when measured at ambient temperature, that is relatively
low; but exhibits a higher diffusion capacity in that coated region
when measured after being subjected to exposure to a temperature
significantly above ambient temperature. That is, the amount of
polymeric agent and other additive material components, and the
total amount of those components applied to the wrapping material
(e.g., as a coated film), are such that the wrapping material
exhibits the foregoing diffusion capacity-related behavior.
[0020] In another embodiment of the invention, a smoking article
incorporating a tobacco rod manufactured from wrapping material
treated with the additive material formulation of the present
invention can include at least one band of additive material
located in a region of its tobacco rod such that the band is
capable of providing that smoking article with the ability to meet
certain smoking article extinction criteria. Certain smoking
articles of the present invention including tobacco rods
manufactured using certain appropriately treated wrapping
materials, when tested using the methodology set forth in the
Cigarette Extinction Test Method by the National Institute of
Standards and Technology (NIST), Pub. 851 (1993) using 10 layers of
Whatman No. 2 filter paper, meet criteria requiring extinction of
greater than about 50 percent, preferably greater than about 75
percent, more preferably greater than about 90 percent, and most
preferably about 100 percent, of cigarettes tested. Certain
cigarettes of the present invention including tobacco rods
manufactured using certain appropriately treated wrapping
materials, when tested using the methodology set forth in the
methodology set forth in ASTM Designation: E 2187-02b using 10
layers of Whatman No. 2 filter paper, meet criteria requiring
extinction of greater than about 50 percent, preferably greater
than about 75 percent, more preferably greater than about 90
percent, and most preferably about 100 percent, of cigarettes
tested.
[0021] In still another embodiment of the invention, a wrapping
material may be provided wherein a minimum of two layers of an
intermediate to high viscosity alginate formulation are applied in
a pattern (such as, for example, a banded pattern).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0022] The FIGURE is an exploded perspective of smoking article,
showing the smokable material, the wrapping material components,
and the filter element.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0023] Referring to the FIGURE, there are shown the components of a
smoking article 174 in the form of a cigarette. The cigarette 174
includes a generally cylindrical rod 186 of a charge or roll of
smokable filler material 188 contained in a circumscribing wrapping
material 190 of the present invention. The rod 186 is
conventionally referred to as a "tobacco rod". The ends of the
tobacco rod are open to expose the smokable filler material. At one
end of the tobacco rod 186 is the lighting end 195, and at the
other end is shown a filter element 200. The cigarette 174 is shown
as having one printed band 202 printed on wrapping material 190,
and that band entirely circumscribes the cigarette rod in a
direction transverse to the longitudinal axis of the cigarette.
That is, the band 202 provides a cross-directional region relative
to the longitudinal axis of the cigarette 174. The band 202 most
preferably is applied to the inner surface of the wrapping material
190 (i.e., facing the smokable filler material), but can be, in a
much less preferred embodiment, applied to the outer surface of the
wrapping material 190. Although the cigarette 174 shown in The
FIGURE has wrapping material having one band, the cigarette also
can include wrapping material having two, three, or more spaced
bands. The band 202 comprises additive materials of a water-based
coating formulation that incorporates a polymeric agent mixture of
the present invention.
[0024] The cigarette 174 normally includes a filter element 200 or
other suitable mouthpiece positioned adjacent one end of the
tobacco rod 186 such that the filter element and tobacco rod are
axially aligned in an end-to-end relationship, preferably abutting
one another. Filter element 200 has a generally cylindrical shape,
and the diameter thereof is essentially equal to the diameter of
the tobacco rod. The ends of the filter element are open to permit
the passage of air and smoke therethrough. The filter element 200
includes filter material 205 (e.g., plasticized cellulose acetate
tow) that is overwrapped along the longitudinally extending surface
thereof with circumscribing plug wrap material 206. The filter
element 200 can have two or more filter segments, and/or flavor
additives incorporated therein.
[0025] The filter element 200 is attached to the tobacco rod 186 by
tipping material 208 which circumscribes both the entire length of
the filter element and an adjacent region of the tobacco rod. The
inner surface of the tipping material 208 preferably is secured to
the outer surface of the plug wrap 206 and the outer surface of the
wrapping material 190 of the tobacco rod using a suitable adhesive.
A ventilated or air-diluted smoking article is provided with an
air-dilution means, such as a series of perforations 210, each of
which extend through the tipping material and plug wrap.
[0026] Various representative types of cigarette components are set
forth in U.S. Pat. No. 5,220,930 to Gentry and U.S. patent
application Pub. Nos. 2004/0255965 to Perfetti et al.; 2004/0261807
to Dube et al.; 2005/0066982 to Clark et al. and 2005/0066986 to
Nestor et al., which are incorporated herein by reference. See,
also, Johnson, Development of Cigarette Components to Meet Industry
Needs, 52.sup.nd T.S.R.C. (September, 1998). In addition,
representative cigarette components and methods for manufacturing
cigarettes from those components are set forth in U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 11/375,700, filed Mar. 14, 2006, to Thomas et
al., which is incorporated herein by reference.
[0027] Various types of equipment and methods for manufacturing
cigarettes, and for applying additive material formulation to
smoking article wrapping material, are known. For example,
representative types of equipment and the operation thereof are set
forth in U.S. Pat. No. 6,848,449 to Kitao et al.; U.S. Pat. No.
6,904,917 to Kitao et al.; U.S. patent application Pub. Nos.
2004/0129281 to Hancock et al.; 2004/0231685 to Patel et al; and
2005/0039764 to Barnes et al.; and 2005/0076929 to Fitzgerald et
al.; which are incorporated herein by reference. Other
representative techniques for applying additive material
formulation to wrapping material are set forth in U.S. Pat. No.
6,779,530 to Kraker; U.S. patent application Pub. Nos. 2005/0016556
to Ashcraft et al.; 2005/0103355 to Holmes and 2005/0194014 to
Read, Jr.; and PCT WO04/095957 to Bray et al., which are
incorporated herein by reference. As such, there are various known
manners and methods for applying additive material formulations in
a desired manner (e.g., as a coating or film) to desired locations
and/or in desired patterns on wrapping materials, such as paper
wrapping materials suitable for use for the manufacture of tobacco
rods for cigarettes.
[0028] Coating formulation incorporating the additive material
typically is applied to wrapping material that is supplied from a
roll. In one regard, the formulation can be applied to wrapping
material supplied from a bobbin. The amount of wrapping material on
a bobbin can vary, but the length of continuous strip of wrapping
material on a bobbin typically is more than about 6,000 meters; and
generally, the length of continuous strip of wrapping material on a
bobbin typically is less than about 7,000 meters. The width of the
wrapping material can vary, depending upon factors such as the
circumference of the smokable rod that is manufactured and the
width of the overlap region zone that provides for the sideseam.
Typically, the width of a representative continuous strip of
wrapping material useful for cigarette rod manufacture is about 24
mm to about 30 mm.
[0029] Paper wrapping materials of the present invention are useful
as components of smoking articles such as cigarettes. Preferably,
one layer of the wrapping material of the present invention is used
as the wrapping material circumscribing the smokable material, and
thereby forming the tobacco rod of a cigarette. Most preferably,
the wrapping material has the coated regions located on the "wire"
side thereof; and the "wire" side of that wrapping material forms
the inner surface of the circumscribing wrapping material of the
tobacco rod. That is, when the wrapping material is used to
manufacture a smokable rod, the "wire side" major surface of the
wrapping material that circumscribes the smokable material faces
that smokable material. Typically, the "felt" side of the wrapping
material is used as the visible outer surface of the tobacco rod.
The terms "wire side" and "felt side" in referring to the major
surfaces of paper sheet are readily understood as terms of art to
those skilled in the art of paper and cigarette manufacture.
[0030] The selection of a particular wrapping material will be
readily apparent to those skilled in the art of cigarette design
and manufacture. Typical paper wrapping materials are manufactured
from fibrous materials (e.g., a cellulosic materials, such as wood
pulp), and optional filler materials (e.g., calcium carbonate), to
form so-called "base sheets." Such wrapping material base sheets
have basis weights that can vary, and exhibit porosities that can
vary. See, for example, the representative wrapping materials,
including those commercially available paper wrapping materials
that are set forth in U.S. patent application Pub. Nos.
2004/0129281 to Hancock et al.; 2005/0016556 to Ashcraft et al.;
and 2005/0076929 to Fitzgerald et al. Other types of wrapping
materials, and components thereof, are set forth in U.S. Pat. No.
6,868,855 to Shafer et al. and U.S. patent application Pub. Nos.
2004/0134631 to Crooks et al. and 2006/0027243 to Matsufuji et al.;
and EP 1234514 to Grider et al.; which are incorporated herein by
reference.
[0031] The base sheets can be treated so as to impart a change to
the overall physical characteristics thereof and/or so as to
introduce a change in the overall chemical compositions thereof.
For example, a base sheet can be electrostatically perforated,
coated with a film, treated with burn chemicals, or treated with
flavoring agents or aroma precursors. Various additives can be
added to, or otherwise incorporated into, the wrapping material
simultaneously to, or at different stages during or after, the
paper manufacturing process. See, for example, U.S. patent
application Pub. Nos. 2005/0016556 to Ashcraft et al. and
2005/0076929 to Fitzgerald et al.
[0032] The base sheet can be pre-treated, prior to application of
an additive material formulation over discrete regions (e.g., as
bands or so as to provide banded regions) to provide distinct
coated areas. That is, the base sheet most preferably is treated
with an appropriate coating formulation pursuant to the present
invention such that virtually the entire base sheet is treated with
a polymeric material (e.g., as a coating), and discrete coated
areas of additive formulation may subsequently be applied over the
treated base sheet. For example, virtually the entire major surface
of the base sheet can be treated with a coating formulation
incorporating a polymeric material, such as an alginate. The
coating formulation can be applied to either or both major surfaces
of the wrapping material, or the coating can be applied so as to be
dispersed throughout the base web. Different application techniques
may be used for the base coating formulation. For example, a liquid
formulation incorporating polymeric material can be sprayed on to
the base sheet, printed onto the base sheet, applied using a size
press, or using other suitable application and drying techniques.
Preferably, the amount of polymeric material (e.g., an alginate)
applied to virtually the entire base sheet is less than about 2.5
g/m.sup.2, often less than about 1 g/m.sup.2, and frequently less
than about 0.5 g/m.sup.2, on a dry weight basis. See, for example,
U.S. patent application Pub. Nos. 2005/0016556 to Ashcraft et al.
and 2005/0076929 to Fitzgerald et al.
[0033] Preferably, the amount of polymeric material that is applied
to virtually the entire surface of the base sheet is not sufficient
on its own to provide self extinction properties to a cigarette
using the base sheet. That is, the diffusion capacity of such a
treated base sheet preferably is less than about 2.5 cm/sec., but
typically is greater than about 1 cm/sec., and often is greater
than about 0.5 cm/sec., when measured at 25.degree. C. This range
may vary depending upon the initial, untreated properties of the
base sheet. A base sheet treated in such a manner (e.g., with an
alginate) so as to provide a thin but porous pre-layer thereto can
be further treated with additive material to provide a pattern
(e.g., bands) thereon. A representative base sheet treated with a
pre-layer of alginate can, in some instances, (i) exhibit a
controlled porosity and/or diffusivity, (ii) provide for control of
subsequent additive material application, (iii) provide for
improved drying and reduced blocking of base sheet that is
subsequently treated with additive material, and (iv) provide a
means for alternating to some extent the smoke chemistry of a
cigarette manufactured from that treated base sheet.
[0034] Diffusion, with respect to a cigarette wrapping material
having a coated region of additive material, is the amount of gas
transported through the wrapping material when a gas concentration
gradient is present. See, Baker et al., The Diffusion of Carbon
Monoxide out of Cigarettes, Beitr. Tabakforsch., Vol. 9(3), 131-140
(1977); Drake et al., On a Cell to Measure Diffusion Coefficients
of Gases through Cigarette Papers, Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer, Vol.
23, 127-134 (1980); Baker, The Viscous and Inertial Flow of Air
through Perforated Papers, Beitr. Tabakforsch., Vol. 14(5), 253-260
(1989); Miura, Oxygen Diffusion through Cigarette Paper, Beitr.
Tabakforsch., Vol. 19(4), 205-208 (2001); Miura et al., Heat
Emission from a Burning Cigarette, Beitr. Tabakforsch., Vol. 19(5),
245-249 (2001); Rostami et al., Modeling the Diffusion of Carbon
Monoxide and Other Gases from the Paper Wrapper of a Cigarette
During Puffing, J. Anal. Pyrolysis, Vol. 66, 263-280 (2003);
Rostami et al., Modeling of a Smoldering Cigarette, J. Anal.
Pyrolysis, Vol. 66, 281-301 (2003). An apparatus suitable for
measuring the diffusion capacity of a wrapping material, including
coated regions thereof, is set forth in U.S. patent application
Pub. No. 2005/0087202 to Norman et al., which is incorporated
herein by reference. See, also, Norman et al., Measurement of Gas
Diffusion Capacity of Cigarette Papers, Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int.
Vol. 21 (2205) 425-434 (2005), which is incorporated herein by
reference.
[0035] A coating formulation of the present invention may
incorporate a low-viscosity material such as a carbohydrate
material or a corn derivative. Such an ingredient preferably is
used in an amount that is effective for providing, or at least
sufficient to provide a formulation having a relatively low liquid
solvent or carrier (e.g., water) content. That is, the
low-viscosity ingredient preferably is used primarily for the
purpose of significantly decreasing the moisture content of the
formulation. As such, the ingredient can assist in providing a
coating formulation exhibiting improved drying and reduced blocking
of base sheet that is subsequently treated with additive material.
However, the ingredient preferably exhibits characteristics, and is
employed in an amount, such that the use of the ingredient will not
result in significantly increasing the viscosity of the coating
formulation. An exemplary ingredient is a polyol, and preferably a
sugar alcohol (e.g., a hydrogenated form of a carbohydrate, whereby
a carbonyl group has been reduced to a primary or secondary
hydroxyl group). Exemplary polyols include mannitol, erythritol,
sorbitol, maltitol, xylitol, isomaltitol, lactitol, and the like,
as well as mixtures of one or more of these polyols. Alternatively,
or in addition to one or more polyols, corn oil or corn syrup may
be used as a low-viscosity material.
[0036] The amount of polyol within the coating formulation can
vary. Typically, for a representative ingredient such as a
mannitol, the amount can be as much as up to about 50 percent, and
can range from about 5 percent to about 30 percent, often from
about 10 percent to about 25 percent, based on the total weight of
the coating formulation prior to use (i.e., including the liquid
solvent or carrier of the formulation). Although the viscosity of
the formulation may vary, the amount of polyol that is incorporated
into the formulation may be dependent upon factors such as specific
type and amount of other polymeric material present within the
formulation. For example, for formulations incorporating relatively
high levels of polymeric materials that have the ability to thicken
the formulation, the addition of relatively small amounts of polyol
(e.g., erythritol or another polyol) can have the effect of causing
substantial thickening of the formulation.
[0037] The coating formulation that is applied to the wrapping
material includes at least one film-forming agent. The film-forming
agent is a polymeric material that can be applied to the wrapping
material to form a pattern (e.g., spaced bands), sufficiently
adhere to the wrapping material, and provide a decrease in the air
permeability of the wrapping material in the area where the coating
formulation is applied.
[0038] The coating formulation may also incorporate a thickening
agent. Such a material preferably provides desirable rheological
properties to the formulation. Such a material may be selected, and
employed in a manner, such that the coating formulation has the
form of a paste that can be readily applied in a desired fashion to
the wrapping material. It is preferred that rheology of the coating
formulation is not overly thick or overly thin, but that the paste
is of such consistency that it can be applied to a wrapping
material without damaging the material. Preferred coating
formulations may also function as adhesives, as it is desirable for
those coatings to remain in intimate contact with (e.g., to adhere
to or otherwise remain secured to) desired locations on the
wrapping material where those formulations are applied, and
preferred thickening agents assist in facilitating such behaviors.
Typically, thickening agents are polymeric materials that are
selected on the basis of including relatively high molecular
weights, and hence exhibiting relatively high viscosities when
incorporated within a liquid formulation.
[0039] The thickening agent and the film-forming agent can be
provided by one particular type of polymeric material, or one type
of polymeric material that is provided in at least two forms, or in
more than one range of molecular weights. That is, certain
polymeric materials can have the ability to act as both
film-forming and thickening agents. Alternatively, the thickening
agent can be provided by one type of polymeric material, and the
film-forming agent can be provided by a different type of polymeric
material.
[0040] A representative polymeric agent is hydroxypropylcellulose.
An exemplary hydroxypropylcellulose is available as Klucel EF from
Hercules, Inc. Another representative polymeric agent is
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. An exemplary
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is available as Walocel HM PA2910
(HPMC) from Wolff Cellulosics. Preferably, the amount of a
representative polymeric agent, such as
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, or a
combination thereof, is at least about 1 percent, generally at
least about 5 percent, and often at least about 10 percent; and
typically does not exceed about 30 percent, generally does not
exceed about 25 percent, and often does not exceed about 20
percent; based on the total weight of the coating formulation prior
to use.
[0041] Exemplary polymeric agents also can include alginates, such
as sodium alginate, potassium alginate, ammonium alginate, and the
like, as well as combinations thereof, and combinations thereof
with one of the other polymeric agents described herein (e.g.,
hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose). Exemplary
alginates are available as Kelgin RL, Manucol LD, Manucol LB,
Manugel LBA, and Keltone LVCR NF from ISP Corporation. See, for
example, the types of alginates set forth in U.S. Pat. No.
6,779,530 to Kraker and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/251,632
to Oglesby, filed Oct. 14, 2005; each of which is incorporated
herein by reference. Other exemplary alginates are available as
Kelgin LDH, Collatex A/RE and Collatex A/RK from ISP Corporation.
Relatively low molecular weight alginates may act as film-forming
agents, while relatively high molecular weight alginates may act as
thickening agents as well as film-forming agents. If desired,
mixtures of alginates, such as mixtures of relatively high
molecular weight alginates and relatively low molecular weight
alginates, may be employed. Preferably, the amount of an alginate
is at least about 1 percent, may be at least about 5 percent, and
often at least about 10 percent; and typically does not exceed
about 30 percent, generally does not exceed about 25 percent, and
often does not exceed about 20 percent; based on the total weight
of the coating formulation prior to use. Certain alginates are
those that include viscosities of greater than about 250
centipoise, typically greater than about 500 centipoise, often
greater than about 750 centipoise, and even greater than about
1,000 centipoise, when present in a 3 percent by weight solution
(e.g., with water as a solvent) at 25.degree. C.
[0042] Other representative polymeric agents, and representative
amounts of those polymeric agents employed in coating formulations,
are of the type set forth in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
11/408,625, filed Apr. 21, 2006, to Oglesby, which is incorporated
herein by reference.
[0043] The amount of film-forming agent within the coating
formulation may vary. Preferably, the amount of film-forming agent
is at least about 1 percent, generally at least about 5 percent,
and often at least about 10 percent; and typically does not exceed
about 30 percent, generally does not exceed about 25 percent, and
often does not exceed about 20 percent; based on the total weight
of the coating formulation prior to use (i.e., including the liquid
solvent or carrier of the formulation). Although the viscosity of
the formulation can vary, preferably, the film-forming agent
preferably acts to thicken the formulation to a viscosity of less
than about 100,000 centipoise, often about less than about 50,000
centipoise, when measured as a Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle,
10 rpm, 25.degree. C.).
[0044] When employed, the amount of thickening agent within the
coating formulation may vary. The amount of thickening agent that
can be employed can be selected based upon factors such as the
desired rheological properties of the coating formulation, the
characteristics and properties of the other components of the
coating formulation (e.g., the thickening properties of the
film-forming agent components), the compatibility of the thickening
agent with the other components of the formulation, and the
thickening properties of the thickening agent that is selected.
Preferably, the amount of thickening agent is at least about 1
percent, generally at least about 5 percent, and often at least
about 10 percent; and typically does not exceed about 30 percent,
generally does not exceed about 25 percent, and often does not
exceed about 20 percent; based on the total weight of the coating
formulation prior to use (i.e., including the liquid solvent or
carrier of the formulation). Although the viscosity of the
formulation can vary, preferably, the thickening agent acts to
thicken the formulation to a viscosity of about 15,000 centipoise
to about 100,000 centipoise, preferably about 20,000 centipoise to
about 30,000 centipoise, as measured as a Brookfield viscosity (No.
6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.).
[0045] The coating formulation may incorporate other ingredients,
in addition to the aforementioned polymeric materials. Those other
ingredients can be dissolved within the liquid carrier of the
coating formulation, dispersed on, or suspended within that coating
formulation. Those other ingredients can be employed in order to
provide specific properties or characteristics to the wrapping
material. For example, the coating formulation can incorporate
flavoring agents, humectants, sugars and sugar-type compounds
(e.g., sucrose, glucose, fructose, maltose, melezitose, dextrose,
lactose, galactose and mannose), syrups (e.g., high fructose corn
syrup and honey), wetting agents, defoaming agents, preservatives,
colorants or pigments, and the like. Though not necessarily
preferred, the coating formulation can incorporate water soluble
(e.g., sodium chloride, calcium chloride, potassium citrate or
potassium chloride) and/or water insoluble (e.g., calcium carbonate
or magnesium oxide) fillers. Certain salts can act to enhance the
ability to remove liquid solvent or carrier of the additive
material formulation during drying operations. Other ingredients
can include catalytic materials (e.g., ultrafine particles or
nanoparticle types of materials), metals or metal oxides (e.g.,
iron oxide powder), ammonium salts or ammonia generating compounds,
or other types of ingredients that have the ability to alter the
chemical nature or character of tobacco smoke generated by the
cigarette. Preferably, the optional ingredients are essentially
chemically non-reactive with other components of the formulation,
at least under those conditions at which the formulation is
employed. Preferably, the optional ingredients are employed in
amounts that do not result in introduction of undesirable rheology
to the coating formulation (e.g., introducing an undesirably high
viscosity to the formulation). See, also, for example, the types of
ingredients, and amounts of those ingredients, set forth in U.S.
patent application Pub. Nos. 2005/0016556 to Ashcraft et al. and
2005/0076929 to Fitzgerald et al.; and U.S. patent application Ser.
No. 11/251,632, filed Oct. 14, 2005, to Oglesby and Ser. No.
11/408,625, filed Apr. 21, 2006, to Oglesby; each of which is
incorporated by reference.
[0046] The coating formulation preferably is incorporated within a
suitable solvent, such as an aqueous liquid, to produce a coating
formulation that is considered to be a thickened mixture. Preferred
coating formulations can be considered to have a "paste-like"
consistency. A representative water-based coating formulation
having a solvent or carrier content of about 65 weight percent to
about 85 weight percent exhibits a Brookfield viscosity (No. 6
spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) that is typically greater than
about 10,000 centipoise, often greater than about 20,000
centipoise, but usually less than about 800,000 centipoise, often
less than about 400,000 centipoise, and frequently less than about
200,000 centipoise; and preferably about 30,000 centipoise to about
100,000 centipoise.
[0047] The suitable solvent or liquid carrier of the coating
formulation most preferably is a liquid having an aqueous
character, and can include relatively pure water (e.g., tap water
or de-ionized water). If desired, organic solvents or liquid
carriers, such as alcohols, can be employed. Although not all
components of the coating formulation are necessarily soluble in
the liquid carrier, it is most preferable that the film-forming
components be soluble (or at least highly dispersible) in that
liquid. By "soluble" in referring to the components of the coating
formulation with respect to the liquid solvent, it is meant that
the components for a thermodynamically stable mixture when combined
with the solvent, have a significant ability to dissolve in that
solvent, and do not form precipitates to any significant degree
when present in that solvent.
[0048] Representative coating formulations typically incorporate
about 50 to about 90, generally about 65 to 85, weight percent
liquid carrier (e.g., an aqueous solution such as relatively pure
water, or a non-aqueous solution); about 10 to about 50, generally
about 15 to about 30, weight percent of the polymeric agent mixture
(e.g., the combined weight of the polymeric thickening, low
viscosity polymeric, and film-forming polymeric components); based
on the total weight of liquid carrier and polymeric agent mixture.
Preferably, other optional ingredients, such as the previously
described salts, preservatives, sugars, flavoring agents, and the
like, typically are incorporated within the coating formulation in
total amounts that are less than about 15, and usually less than
about 10 weight percent, based on the total weight of the coating
formulation prior to use.
[0049] The relative amounts of the various other optional
components of the coating formulation can vary. In many preferred
embodiments, the combined amounts of ingredients such as
flavorings, colorants, preservatives, fillers, and the like,
preferably do not exceed about 50 percent, often do not exceed 40
percent, and frequently do not exceed about 30 percent, of the
total combined weight of the film-forming agent components and
optional components.
[0050] Coating formulations, such as the types of water-based
coating formulations described hereinbefore, are subjected to
drying conditions after those formulations have been applied to the
wrapping material, such as a continuous strip of paper web of
wrapping material. Preferably, sufficient solvent is removed from
the formulation after that formulation has been applied to the
wrapping material such that the additive material that remains in
contact with the wrapping material does not exhibit a sticky or
tacky character or nature. Preferably, sufficient solvent (e.g.,
water or a non-aqueous solvent) is removed from the formulation
after it has been applied to the wrapping material such that the
additive material that remains in contact with the wrapping
material exhibits a solvent (e.g., moisture) content of less than
about 10 percent, more preferably less than about 8 percent, based
on the weight of the coating formulation that remains in contact
with the wrapping material. Preferably, sufficient solvent (e.g.,
water or a non-aqueous solvent) is removed from the formulation
after that formulation has been applied to the wrapping material
such that the formulation that remains in contact with the wrapping
material exhibits a solvent (e.g., moisture) content of about 4
percent to about 6 percent, based on the weight of the coating
formulation that remains in contact with the wrapping material.
[0051] The amount of coating formulation that is applied to the
wrapping material may vary. The coating formulation preferably is
applied to the wrapping material such that the dry weight of the
additive material on the wrapping material is least about 1
g/m.sup.2, often at least about 2 g/m.sup.2, and frequently at
least about 3 g/m.sup.2. The coating formulation may be applied to
the wrapping material such that the dry weight of the additive
material on the wrapping material is less than about 10 g/m.sup.2,
often is less than about 7 g/m.sup.2, and frequently is less than
about 4 g/m.sup.2. For example, a paper wrapping material having a
dry basis weight of about 25 g/m.sup.2 can be coated with coating
formulation and dried to have a resulting overall dry basis weight
in the coated regions of about 27 g/m.sup.2 to about 28.5
g/m.sup.2.
[0052] Coated regions of the wrapping material useful as the
circumscribing wrapper of tobacco rods for cigarettes are produced
using additive materials that are effective in reducing the
porosity of the wrapping material in those regions. Film-forming
materials coated onto the wrapping material have a tendency to
reduce the porosity of the wrapping material. Typical coated
regions of the wrapping materials have porosities that can vary.
Preferably, the porosities of the coated regions of the wrapping
materials are less than about 9 CORESTA units, and usually are less
than about 8 CORESTA units. Preferably, the porosities of the
coated regions of the wrapping materials are at least about 0.1
CORESTA units, usually are at least about 1 CORESTA unit, and often
are at least about 3 CORESTA units. Preferably, the porosities of
the coated regions of the wrapping materials, particularly those
wrapping materials that are used for the manufacture of cigarettes
designed to meet certain cigarette extinction test criteria, are
from about 3 CORESTA units to about 6 CORESTA units.
[0053] The wrapping material can include patterns of predetermined
shapes and sizes positioned at predetermined locations, and hence,
cigarettes appropriately manufactured from that wrapping material
can include coated patterns of predetermined shapes and sizes
positioned at predetermined locations on their smokable rods.
Representative patterns are set forth in U.S. patent application
Pub. Nos. 2005/0016556 to Ashcraft et al.; and 2005/0076929 to
Fitzgerald et al. For example, shapes of coated regions,
compositions of the coating formulations, or amounts or
concentrations of coating materials, can change over the length of
the wrapping material. The relative positioning of the printed
regions can be selected as desired. For example, wrapping materials
that are used for the production of cigarettes designed to meet
certain cigarette extinction test criteria, the pattern most
preferably has the form of spaced continuous bands that are aligned
transversely or cross directionally to the longitudinal axis of the
wrapping material. Cross-directional lines or bands that are
essentially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the wrapping
material preferably extend sufficiently across the wrapping
material such that smokable rods manufactured from that wrapping
material have bands that completely or nearly completely
circumscribe the smokable rods. A cigarette also can be
manufactured from a wrapping material including discontinuous bands
positioned in a spaced apart relationship. For a wrapping material
of such a cigarette, it is most preferred that discontinuous bands
(e.g., bands that include a pattern, such as a series of dots,
grids or stripes) cover at least about 70 percent of the surface of
the band area or region of the wrapping material. A cigarette also
can be manufactured from a wrapping material including at least one
longitudinally extending stripe, which stripe is provided by a
coating formulation, such as a coating formulation of the present
invention.
[0054] Preferred wrapping materials include coatings in the form of
bands that extend across the wrapping material, generally
perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the wrapping material.
The widths of the individual bands can vary, as well as the spacing
between those bands. Preferably, those bands have widths of at
least about 2 mm, usually at least about 3 mm, frequently at least
about 4 mm. However, the bands may have widths of up to about 8 mm.
Preferred bands have widths of about 4 mm to about 7 mm, and often
have widths of about 6 mm to about 7 mm. Such bands can be spaced
apart such that the spacing between the bands (i.e., as measured
from the inside adjacent edges of the bands) is at least about 10
mm; but which may be about 15 mm, 20 mm, or 25 mm, in certain
instances at least about 30 mm, and on occasion at least about 35
mm; but such spacing preferably does not exceed about 50 mm. For
certain preferred wrapping materials, the bands are spaced apart
such that the spacing between the bands is about 15 mm to about 25
mm, more preferably about 18 mm to about 24 mm.
[0055] Preferably, the coating formulation has an overall
composition, and is applied in a manner and in an amount, such that
the physical integrity of the wrapping material is not adversely
affected when the coating formulation is applied to selected
regions of the wrapping material. It is desirable that the
components of the coating formulation applied to wrapping materials
not adversely affect to any significant degree (i) the appearance
of cigarettes manufactured from those wrapping materials, (ii) the
nature or quality of the smoke generated by those cigarettes, (iii)
the desirable burn characteristics of those cigarettes, or (iv) the
desirable performance characteristics of those cigarettes.
Specifically, it desirable that components of the coating
formulation not introduce undesirable sensory characteristics to
the smoke generated by a smoke article incorporating a wrapping
material treated with that coating formulation. For preferred
cigarettes, it is desirable that the coating formulation applied to
the wrapping material provide the desirable extinction performance
characteristics to the cigarettes manufactured using that wrapping
material at relatively low coating or application levels. For
example, for cigarettes evaluated for self-extinction properties
using the type to test method set forth in ASTM Designation: E
2187-02b using 10 layers of Whatman No. 2 filter paper, extinction
criteria most preferably are met for 100 percent of the cigarettes
tested when about 2.5 g/m.sup.2 to about 3.5 g/m.sup.2 of preferred
dry coating is applied as bands that extend around the cigarette
rod and are spaced along the length of the cigarette rod.
[0056] A preferred wrapping material includes a coated region
exhibiting a diffusion capacity in that coated region when measured
at ambient temperature that is relatively low, but exhibits a
diffusion capacity in the coated region--when measured after being
subjected to exposure to a temperature significantly above ambient
temperature--that is relatively high. For example, ratios of
diffusion capacities for a heated coated region to an unheated
coated region of a wrapping material (e.g., for a wrapping material
heated at about 230.degree. C. for an effective period of time and
cooled to ambient for measurement, relative to a wrapping material
maintained and measured at ambient temperature) can be greater than
about 3:1, and often can be greater than about 5:1. See, U.S.
patent application Pub. No. 2005/0087202 to Norman et al. and
Norman et al., Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 21 (2205) 425-434, each of
which is incorporated by reference.
[0057] A preferred embodiment of a wrapping material includes one
or more bands of a coating formulation of the present invention.
When measured at ambient temperature, each portion of the wrapping
material that is a coated region or a region occupied by a band of
the coating formulation preferably exhibits a diffusion capacity of
less than about 0.2 cm/sec, and more preferably less than about 0.1
cm/sec. After being heated substantially above ambient temperature,
(preferably at about 230.degree. C.) for about 15 minutes, and
cooled to ambient temperature for measurement, each coated region
or region occupied by a band of the coating formulation preferably
exhibits, for certain preferred formulations, a diffusion capacity
of at least about 0.5 cm/sec, and more preferably at least about
0.7 cm/sec.
[0058] A preferred smoking article in the form of cigarette
incorporating a tobacco rod manufactured from wrapping material
treated with the additive material formulation of the present
invention meets extinction criteria while also exhibiting a
propensity to avoid self-extinction during normal smoking
conditions. That is, a preferred cigarette, while being capable of
meeting the certain extinction criteria, does not experience free
air self-extinction to a significant degree, and most preferably
there is a low rate of occurrence free air self-extinction. For
example, a preferred cigarette does not have a tendency to undergo
premature extinction, such as when lit cigarettes are held in the
smoker's hand or when placed in an ashtray for a brief period of
time. Preferred cigarettes undergo free air self-extinction for
less than about 30 percent, preferably for less than about 15
percent, and most preferably for 0 percent, of cigarettes tested.
Free air self-extinction with regards to a cigarette having a
tobacco rod incorporating a wrapping material including
circumscribing bands of additive material relates to those burning
cigarette rods that extinguish when left to burn in air (and not in
contact with a substrate).
[0059] The following examples are provided in order to further
illustrate the present invention, but should not be construed as
limiting the scope thereof. Unless otherwise noted, all parts and
percentages are by weight.
EXAMPLE 1
[0060] A water-based additive formulation that may be applied as a
patterned coating to a cigarette paper wrapping material is
prepared in the following manner. The additive material
incorporates hydroxypropylcellulose and a polyol.
[0061] Tap water is heated to and maintained at about 60.degree. C.
Potassium sorbate is added to the water in a manner such that the
potassium sorbate dissolves in the water. Colorant in the form of a
water-based dye also is added. Calcium chloride also is added.
Hydroxypropylcellulose and erythritol are added to the water. The
polymeric materials are added in a fashion that avoids the
formation of lumps. An exemplary hydroxypropylcellulose is
available as Klucel EF (HPC) from ISP Corporation, and an exemplary
erythritol is available as Eridex 16961 from Cargill Polyols,
LLC.
[0062] During addition of the various components to the water, the
water is rapidly stirred using a high speed electric mixer. The
resulting mixture has a relatively uniform consistency. The
resulting mixture comprises about 64.4 parts water, about 17 parts
hydroxypropylcellulose, about 17 parts erythritol, about 0.2 part
potassium sorbate, about 1.2 part calcium chloride, and about 0.2
part colorant.
[0063] The resulting aqueous mixture is cooled to room temperature
(about 20-25.degree. C.). The mixture at room temperature has a
relatively uniform consistency and resembles a paste. After being
allowed to sit for about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the
mixture exhibits a Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm,
25.degree. C.) of about 12,000 centipoise.
[0064] An application apparatus of the type generally as described
with reference to FIG. 29 of U.S. patent Pub. No. 2005/0076929 to
Fitzgerald et al. is provided. The apparatus is equipped with a
bobbin of cigarette rod wrapping paper having an inherent porosity
of 46 CORESTA units that is available as LK 46 from Tervakoski. The
apparatus has an applicator system having a 20 head applicator
roller that has a maximum outer diameter of about 152.8 mm, and a
width of about 23 mm. Each head is about 5 mm wide, and the heads
are equally spaced on at a pitch of about 19 mm. The heads of the
applicator roller are fed with coating formulation from a grooved
roller having an outer diameter of about 103.5 mm, and a width of
about 70.5 mm. A groove of about 31 mm wide is ground in the roll
face of the roller so as to extend around the peripheral face of
that roller. The rollers and wrapping material are configured so as
to provide a series of spaced bands extending transversely to the
longitudinal axis of the web of wrapping material fed from the
bobbin. The groove grind depth is fixed for a series of rollers,
one roller having a groove grind depth of about 2 mils.
[0065] The application apparatus is operated so as to feed a web of
wrapping material from the bobbin through the applicator system at
a rate of 300 meters per minute. In this manner, the coating
formulation is applied to the web while the coating formulation is
maintained at a temperature slightly above ambient. The coated web
is dried and collected. The dried film can be characterized as
rigid, and can be dried in a time-frame consistent with providing
good drying properties on the previously described machine. The
band weight of the coating applied using the roller with a groove
grind depth of about 2 mils is about 3.7 g/m.sup.2.
[0066] Diffusion capacities of the wrapping materials in the
regions of the bands provided by the coating formulation preferably
are determined using the apparatus and methodologies set forth in
U.S. patent application Pub. No. 2005/0087202 to Norman et al. See,
also, Norman et al., Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 21 (2205)
425-434.
[0067] For a coating applied using the roller with a groove grind
depth of about 2.0 mil, the web has bands having average diffusion
capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.) of about 0.05 cm/sec.
[0068] Diffusion capacities of the wrapping materials in the
regions of the bands provided by the coating formulation preferably
are determined at 25.degree. C. after heating the band region of
wrapping material substantially above ambient temperature in, for
example, a radiant oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15
minutes, and then cooling the band region to about 25.degree. C.
Diffusion capacities measured after heating typically
are--(measured at 25.degree. C.) about 0.89 cm/sec.
[0069] This example demonstrates the production of an additive
formulation of manageable viscosity, an additive formulation that
can be dried, and a formulation exhibiting an increase in the
diffusivity coefficient of the band formed using that formulation
after the cigarette paper wrapper coated with that formulation is
heated at about 230.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 2
[0070] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0071] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 1. The resulting mixture
comprises about 64.4 parts water, about 17 parts
hydroxypropylcellulose, about 17 parts mannitol, about 0.2 part
potassium sorbate, about 1.2 part calcium chloride, and about 0.2
part colorant. An exemplary mannitol is available as Mannidex 16700
from Cargill, Food and Pharma Specialties NA.
[0072] The resulting aqueous mixture is cooled to room temperature.
The mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform
consistency and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for
about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a
Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of
about 20,000 centipoise.
[0073] Paper of the type set forth in Example 1 is coated using
equipment of the general type set forth in Example 1. The roller
that is employed has a groove depth of about 2 mils, and the
formulation is applied to the paper web running at a speed of about
300 meters per minute. The paper so coated can be collected, and
the dry weight coating is applied in an amount of about 2.6
g/m.sup.2.
[0074] The resulting web having spaced bands applied thereto has
bands with average diffusion capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.)
of about 0.11 cm/sec. Diffusion capacities in the regions of the
bands provided by the coating formulation is determined at
25.degree. C. after heating the band region of wrapping material
substantially above ambient temperature in, for example, a radiant
oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15 minutes, and then cooling
the band region to about 25.degree. C. A heated and cooled web
after this process has bands with average diffusion capacities,
measured at 25.degree. C., of about 0.94 cm/sec.
EXAMPLE 3
[0075] A water-based additive formulation incorporating ammonium
alginate and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0076] Tap water is heated to and maintained at about 60.degree. C.
Potassium sorbate is added to the water in a manner such that the
potassium sorbate dissolves in the water. Colorant in the form of a
water-based dye also is added. Calcium chloride and corn oil also
are added. Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose then is added to the water,
followed by ammonium alginate. The polymeric materials are added in
a fashion that avoids the formation of lumps. An exemplary
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is available as Walocel HM 5 PA 2910
(HPMC) from Wolff Cellulosics, and an exemplary ammonium alginate
is available as Collatex A/RE from ISP Corporation.
[0077] During addition of the various components to the water, the
water is rapidly stirred using a high speed electric mixer. The
resulting mixture has a relatively uniform consistency. The
resulting mixture comprises about 77.7 parts water, about 8.3 parts
ammonium alginate, about 12.4 parts hydroxypropylmethylcellulose,
about 0.2 part potassium sorbate, about 1.0 part calcium chloride,
about 0.2 part corn oil and about 0.2 part colorant.
[0078] The resulting aqueous mixture is cooled to room temperature.
The mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform
consistency and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for
about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a
Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of
about 50,000 centipoise.
[0079] An application apparatus of the type generally as described
with reference to FIG. 29 of U.S. patent Pub. No. 2005/0076929 to
Fitzgerald et al. is provided. The apparatus is equipped with a
bobbin of cigarette rod wrapping paper having an inherent porosity
of 46 CORESTA units that is available as LK 46 from Tervakoski. The
apparatus has an applicator system having a 20 head applicator
roller that has a maximum outer diameter of about 152.8 mm, and a
width of about 23 mm. Each head is about 5 mm wide, and the heads
are equally spaced on at a pitch of about 19 mm. The heads of the
applicator roller are fed with coating formulation from a grooved
roller having an outer diameter of about 103.5 mm, and a width of
about 70.5 mm. A groove of about 31 mm wide is ground in the roll
face of the roller so as to extend around the peripheral face of
that roller. The rollers and wrapping material are configured so as
to provide a series of spaced bands extending transversely to the
longitudinal axis of the web of wrapping material fed from the
bobbin. The groove grind depth is fixed for a series of rollers,
one roller having a groove grind depth of about 2 mils.
[0080] The application apparatus is operated so as to feed a web of
wrapping material from the bobbin through the applicator system at
a rate of 300 meters per minute. In this manner, the coating
formulation is applied to the web while the coating formulation is
maintained at a temperature slightly above ambient. The coated web
is dried and collected. The dried film can be characterized as
brittle, and can be dried in a time-frame consistent with providing
good drying properties on the previously described machine. The
band weight of the coating applied using the roller with a groove
grind depth of about 2 mils is about 1.5 g/m.sup.2.
[0081] Diffusion capacities of the wrapping materials in the
regions of the bands provided by the coating formulation preferably
are determined using the apparatus and methodologies set forth in
U.S. patent application Pub. No. 2005/0087202 to Norman et al. See,
also, Norman et al., Beitr. Tabakforsch. Int. 21 (2205)
425-434.
[0082] For a coating applied using the roller with a groove grind
depth of about 2.0 mil, the web has bands having average diffusion
capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.) of about 0.39 cm/sec.
[0083] Diffusion capacities of the wrapping materials in the
regions of the bands provided by the coating formulation preferably
are determined at 25.degree. C. after heating the band region of
wrapping material substantially above ambient temperature in, for
example, a radiant oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15
minutes, and then cooling the band region to about 25.degree. C.
Diffusion capacities measured after heating typically are expected
to be as follows. For web with coating applied using the roller
with a groove grind depth of about 2 mils, the spaced bands have
average diffusion capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.) of about
0.54 cm/sec.
[0084] This example demonstrates the production of an additive
formulation of manageable viscosity, an additive formulation that
can be dried, and a formulation exhibiting an increase in the
diffusivity coefficient of the band formed using that formulation
after the cigarette paper wrapper coated with that formulation is
heated at about 230.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 4
[0085] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0086] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 3. The resulting mixture
comprises about 85.06 parts water, about 10 parts
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, about 3.95 parts ammonium alginate,
about 0.19 part potassium sorbate, about 0.09 part corn oil, about
0.5 part calcium chloride, and about 0.19 part colorant. An
exemplary ammonium alginate is available as Collatex A/RK from ISP
Corporation.
[0087] After being allowed to sit for several days at ambient
temperature, the mixture exhibits a Brookfield viscosity (No. 6
spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of about 5000 centipoise.
[0088] Paper of the type set forth in Example 1 is coated using
equipment of the general type set forth in Example 1. The roller
that is employed has a groove depth of about 2 mils, and the
formulation is applied to the paper web running at a speed of about
100 meters per minute. The paper so coated can be collected, and
the dry weight coating is applied in an amount of about 1.9
g/m.sup.2.
[0089] The resulting web having spaced bands applied thereto has
bands with average diffusion capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.)
of about 0.34 cm/sec. Diffusion capacities in the regions of the
bands provided by the coating formulation is determined at
25.degree. C. after heating the band region of wrapping material
substantially above ambient temperature in, for example, a radiant
oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15 minutes, and then cooling
the band region to about 25.degree. C. A heated and cooled web
after this process has bands with average diffusion capacities,
measured at 25.degree. C., of about 0.43 cm/sec.
EXAMPLE 5
[0090] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0091] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 1. The resulting mixture
comprises about 65.2 parts water, about 16.5 parts
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, about 16.5 parts erythritol, about
0.2 part potassium sorbate, about 1.2 part calcium chloride, about
0.2 part corn oil, and about 0.2 part colorant. An exemplary
erythritol is available as Eridex 16961 from Cargill Polyols, LLC.
The resulting aqueous mixture is cooled to room temperature. The
mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform consistency
and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for about 24
hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a Brookfield
viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 2.5 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of about 270,000
centipoise.
[0092] Paper of the type set forth in Example 1 is coated using
equipment of the general type set forth in Example 1. The roller
that is employed has a groove depth of about 2 mil, and the
formulation is applied to the paper web running at a speed of about
100 meters per minute. The paper so coated can be collected, and
the dry weight coating is applied in an amount of about 2.2
g/m.sup.2.
EXAMPLE 6
[0093] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0094] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 1. The resulting mixture
comprises about 64.5 parts water, about 16.7 parts
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, about 16.7 parts high fructose corn
syrup, about 0.5 part corn oil, about 0.2 part potassium sorbate,
about 1.2 part calcium chloride, and about 0.2 part colorant. An
exemplary corn syrup is available as Isosweet 5500 High Fructose
Corn Syrup, sold by A. E. Staley.
[0095] The mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform
consistency and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for
about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a
Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of
about 70,000 centipoise.
[0096] Paper of the type set forth in Example 1 is coated using
equipment of the general type set forth in Example 1. The roller
that is employed has a groove depth of about 0.75 mils, and the
formulation is applied to the paper web running at a speed of about
50 meters per minute. Two layers of coating were applied in two
separate passes. The paper so coated can be collected, and the dry
weight coating is applied in an amount of about 3.3 g/m.sup.2.
[0097] The resulting web having spaced bands applied thereto has
bands with average diffusion capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.)
of about 0.01 cm/sec. Diffusion capacities in the regions of the
bands provided by the coating formulation is determined at
25.degree. C. after heating the band region of wrapping material
substantially above ambient temperature in, for example, a radiant
oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15 minutes, and then cooling
the band region to about 25.degree. C. A heated and cooled web
after this process has bands with average diffusion capacities,
measured at 25.degree. C., of about 0.10 cm/sec.
[0098] This example demonstrates the production of an additive
formulation of manageable viscosity, an additive formulation that
can be dried, and a formulation exhibiting an increase in the
diffusivity coefficient of the band formed using that formulation
after the cigarette paper wrapper coated with that formulation is
heated at about 230.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 7
[0099] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0100] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 1. The resulting mixture
comprises about 73.2 parts water, about 25 parts
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, about 0.2 parts corn oil, about 0.2
part potassium sorbate, about 1.2 part calcium chloride, and about
0.2 part colorant.
[0101] The mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform
consistency and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for
about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a
Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of
about 85,000 centipoise.
[0102] Paper of the type set forth in Example 1 is coated using
equipment of the general type set forth in Example 1. The roller
that is employed has a groove depth of about 2 mils, and the
formulation is applied to the paper web running at a speed of about
100 meters per minute. The paper so coated can be collected, and
the dry weight coating is applied in an amount of about 2.3
g/m.sup.2.
[0103] The resulting web having spaced bands applied thereto has
bands with average diffusion capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.)
of about 0.12 cm/sec. Diffusion capacities in the regions of the
bands provided by the coating formulation is determined at
25.degree. C. after heating the band region of wrapping material
substantially above ambient temperature in, for example, a radiant
oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15 minutes, and then cooling
the band region to about 25.degree. C. A heated and cooled web
after this process has bands with average diffusion capacities,
measured at 25.degree. C., of about 0.22 cm/sec.
[0104] This example demonstrates the production of an additive
formulation of manageable viscosity, an additive formulation that
can be dried, and a formulation exhibiting an increase in the
diffusivity coefficient of the band formed using that formulation
after the cigarette paper wrapper coated with that formulation is
heated at about 230.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 8
[0105] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0106] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 3. The resulting mixture
comprises about 77.8 parts water, about 12.4 parts
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, about 8.3 parts ammonium alginate,
about 0.17 part potassium sorbate, about 0.17 part corn oil, about
0.99 part calcium chloride, and about 0.17 part colorant. An
exemplary ammonium alginate is available as Collatex A/RK from ISP
Corporation.
[0107] The mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform
consistency and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for
about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a
Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of
about 28,000 centipoise.
[0108] Paper of the type set forth in Example 1 is coated using
equipment of the general type set forth in Example 1. The roller
that is employed has a groove depth of about 2 mils, and the
formulation is applied to the paper web running at a speed of about
100 meters per minute. The paper so coated can be collected, and
the dry weight coating is applied in an amount of about 2.1
g/m.sup.2.
[0109] The resulting web having spaced bands applied thereto has
bands with average diffusion capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.)
of about 0.40 cm/sec. Diffusion capacities in the regions of the
bands provided by the coating formulation is determined at
25.degree. C. after heating the band region of wrapping material
substantially above ambient temperature in, for example, a radiant
oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15 minutes, and then cooling
the band region to about 25.degree. C. A heated and cooled web
after this process has bands with average diffusion capacities,
measured at 25.degree. C., of about 0.57 cm/sec.
EXAMPLE 9
[0110] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0111] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 3. The resulting mixture
comprises about 81.4 parts water, about 10 parts
hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, about 7.5 parts sodium alginate,
about 0.2 part potassium sorbate, about 0.1 part corn oil, about
0.6 part calcium chloride, and about 0.2 part colorant. An
exemplary sodium alginate is available as Kelgin LDH from ISP
Corporation.
[0112] The mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform
consistency and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for
about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a
Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of
about 20,000 centipoise.
EXAMPLE 10
[0113] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0114] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 3. The resulting mixture
comprises about 84.6 parts water, about 15 parts ammonium alginate,
about 0.2 part potassium sorbate, and about 0.2 part colorant. An
exemplary ammonium alginate is available as Collatex A/RE from ISP
Corporation.
[0115] The mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform
consistency and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for
about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a
Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of
about 94,000 centipoise.
[0116] Paper of the type set forth in Example 1 is coated using
equipment of the general type set forth in Example 1. The roller
that is employed has a groove depth of about 75 mils, and the
formulation is applied to the paper web running at a speed of about
50 meters per minute. Two layers of coating were applied in two
separate passes. The paper so coated can be collected, and the dry
weight coating is applied in an amount of about 3.0 g/m.sup.2.
[0117] The resulting web having spaced bands applied thereto has
bands with average diffusion capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.)
of about 0.04 cm/sec. Diffusion capacities in the regions of the
bands provided by the coating formulation is determined at
25.degree. C. after heating the band region of wrapping material
substantially above ambient temperature in, for example, a radiant
oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15 minutes, and then cooling
the band region to about 25.degree. C. A heated and cooled web
after this process has bands with average diffusion capacities,
measured at 250.degree. C., of about 0.48 cm/sec. This example
demonstrates the production of an additive formulation of
manageable viscosity, an additive formulation that can be dried,
and a formulation exhibiting about a 13-times increase in the
diffusivity coefficient of the band formed using that formulation
after the cigarette paper wrapper coated with that formulation is
heated at about 230.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 11
[0118] A water-based additive formulation is provided as follows,
and is applied as a pattern to a cigarette paper wrapper in the
following manner.
[0119] A liquid additive formulation is provided in the general
manner set forth previously in Example 3. The resulting mixture
comprises about 79.6 parts water, about 10 parts ammonium alginate,
about 10 parts potassium citrate, about 0.2 part potassium sorbate,
and about 0.2 part colorant. An exemplary ammonium alginate is
available as Collatex A/RE from ISP Corporation.
[0120] The mixture at room temperature has a relatively uniform
consistency and resembles a paste. After being allowed to sit for
about 24 hours at ambient temperature, the mixture exhibits a
Brookfield viscosity (No. 6 spindle, 10 rpm, 25.degree. C.) of
about 16,000 centipoise.
[0121] Paper of the type set forth in Example 1 is coated using
equipment of the general type set forth in Example 1. The roller
that is employed has a groove depth of about 1.25 mils, and the
formulation is applied to the paper web running at a speed of about
300 meters per minute. The paper so coated can be collected, and
the dry weight coating is applied in an amount of about 2.8
g/m.sup.2.
[0122] The resulting web having spaced bands applied thereto has
bands with average diffusion capacities (measured at 25.degree. C.)
of about 0.31 cm/sec. Diffusion capacities in the regions of the
bands provided by the coating formulation is determined at
25.degree. C. after heating the band region of wrapping material
substantially above ambient temperature in, for example, a radiant
oven at about 230.degree. C. for about 15 minutes, and then cooling
the band region to about 25.degree. C. A heated and cooled web
after this process has bands with average diffusion capacities,
measured at 25.degree. C., of about 0.60 cm/sec.
[0123] This example demonstrates the production of an additive
formulation of manageable viscosity, an additive formulation that
can be dried, and a formulation exhibiting an increase in the
diffusivity coefficient of the band formed using that formulation
after the cigarette paper wrapper coated with that formulation is
heated at about 230.degree. C.
[0124] Those of skill in the art will appreciate that other
embodiments of may be practiced within the scope of the present
invention. It is therefore intended that the foregoing detailed
description be regarded as illustrative rather than limiting, and
that it be understood that it is the following claims, including
all equivalents, that are intended to define the spirit and scope
of this invention.
* * * * *