U.S. patent application number 11/844050 was filed with the patent office on 2008-05-08 for aromatic amine derivatives and organic electroluminescent device using same.
This patent application is currently assigned to Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.. Invention is credited to Chishio Hosokawa, Hisayuki Kawamura, Masahiro Kawamura, Yasunori Kijima, Shigeyuki Matsunami, Nobuhiro Yabunouchi, Tadahiko Yoshinaga.
Application Number | 20080108832 11/844050 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39106639 |
Filed Date | 2008-05-08 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080108832 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yabunouchi; Nobuhiro ; et
al. |
May 8, 2008 |
AROMATIC AMINE DERIVATIVES AND ORGANIC ELECTROLUMINESCENT DEVICE
USING SAME
Abstract
The present invention provides a novel aromatic amine derivative
having a specific structure and an organic electroluminescence
device in which an organic thin film layer comprising a single
layer or plural layers including at least a light emitting layer is
interposed between a cathode and an anode, wherein at least one
layer in the above organic thin film layer, particularly a hole
injecting layer contains the aromatic amine derivative described
above in the form of a single component or a mixed component. Use
of the aromatic amine derivative described above materialize an
organic electroluminescence device which reduces an operating
voltage and makes molecules less liable to be crystallized and
which enhances a yield in producing the organic EL device and has a
long lifetime.
Inventors: |
Yabunouchi; Nobuhiro;
(Chiba, JP) ; Kawamura; Masahiro; (Chiba, JP)
; Kawamura; Hisayuki; (Chiba, JP) ; Hosokawa;
Chishio; (Chiba, JP) ; Matsunami; Shigeyuki;
(Tokyo, JP) ; Yoshinaga; Tadahiko; (Tokyo, JP)
; Kijima; Yasunori; (Tokyo, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
OBLON, SPIVAK, MCCLELLAND MAIER & NEUSTADT, P.C.
1940 DUKE STREET
ALEXANDRIA
VA
22314
US
|
Assignee: |
Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd.
Chiyoda-ku
JP
Sony Corporation
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
39106639 |
Appl. No.: |
11/844050 |
Filed: |
August 23, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
549/59 ;
564/306 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07D 333/58 20130101;
C09K 2211/1014 20130101; H01L 51/50 20130101; H01L 51/0061
20130101; H01L 51/5048 20130101; C09K 2211/1007 20130101; C09K
11/06 20130101; C09K 2211/1092 20130101; H01L 51/006 20130101; C09K
2211/1011 20130101; H05B 33/14 20130101; H01L 51/0074 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
549/059 ;
564/306 |
International
Class: |
C07C 211/54 20060101
C07C211/54; C07D 409/10 20060101 C07D409/10; C07D 409/14 20060101
C07D409/14 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 23, 2006 |
JP |
2006-226121 |
Claims
1: An aromatic amine derivative represented by the following
Formula (1): ##STR76## wherein L.sub.1 represents a substituted or
non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; at least
one of Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 is represented by the following Formula
(2): ##STR77## wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl
group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group;
a is an integer of 1 to 3; and L.sub.2 represents a substituted or
non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; in Formula
(1), among Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4, the groups which are not
represented by Formula (2) each are independently a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; provided that
substituents for Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 are an aryl group having 6 to
50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 50
carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group; provided that there
is no case in which a is 2 and in which two R.sub.1 form a ring to
be turned into a benzothiophenyl group.
2: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 1, wherein
Formula (2) described above is represented by the following Formula
(3): ##STR78## wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms or a branched or linear alkyl
group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; and L.sub.2 represents a
substituted or non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring
atoms.
3: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 1 or 2,
wherein in Formula (1) described above, Ar.sub.1 is represented by
Formula (2) described above.
4: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 1 or 2,
wherein in Formula (1) described above, Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 are
each independently represented by Formula (2) described above.
5: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 1 or 2,
wherein in Formula (1) described above, Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.3 are
each independently represented by Formula (2) described above.
6: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 1 or 2,
wherein in Formula (1) described above, three or more of Ar.sub.1
to Ar.sub.4 are different from each other and wherein the aromatic
amine compound is asymmetric.
7: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 1 or 2,
wherein in Formula (1) described above, three of Ar.sub.1 to
Ar.sub.4 are the same and wherein the aromatic amine compound is
asymmetric.
8: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 1 to
7, wherein in Formula (1) described above, among Ar.sub.1 to
Ar.sub.4, the groups which are not represented by Formula (2) each
are independently phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl or fluorenyl.
9: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 1 to
8, wherein in Formula (1) described above, L.sub.1 is
biphenylylene, terphenylylene or fluorenylene.
10: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 1
to 9, wherein in Formula (2) described above, L.sub.2 is phenylene,
biphenylylene or fluorenylene.
11: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 1
to 10, wherein in Formula (2) described above, R.sub.1 is phenyl,
naphthyl or phenanthrene.
12: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 1
to 11, wherein in Formula (1) described above, among Ar.sub.1 to
Ar.sub.4, the groups which are not represented by Formula (2) each
are independently phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl or fluorenyl;
L.sub.1 is biphenylylene, terphenylylene or fluorenylene; and in
Formula (2) described above, L.sub.2 is phenylene, biphenylylene or
fluorenylene.
13: An aromatic amine derivative represented by any of the
following Formulas (4) to (6): ##STR79## wherein, L.sub.5 to
L.sub.12 each independently represent a substituted or
non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms; at
least one of Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.9 is represented by (7); at least
one of Ar.sub.10 to Ar.sub.5 is represented by (7); at least one of
Ar.sub.16 to Ar.sub.21 is represented by (7); ##STR80## wherein,
R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted aryl group having 6 to
50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 50
carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group; a is an integer of 1
to 3; and L.sub.2 represents a substituted or non-substituted
arylene group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; provided that there is no
case in which a is 2 and in which two R.sub.1 form a ring to be
turned into a benzothiophenyl group; in Formulas (4) to (6), among
Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21, the groups which are not represented by
Formula (7) each are independently a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; provided that substituents
for Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21 are an aryl group having 6 to 50 ring
atoms, a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon
atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group; provided that there is no
case in which in Formula (5), Ar.sub.11 and Ar.sub.14 are
thienylaryl groups at the same time.
14: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13, wherein
Formula (7) described above is represented by the following Formula
(8): ##STR81## wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms or a branched or linear alkyl
group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; and L.sub.2 represents a
substituted or non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring
atoms.
15: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13 or 14,
wherein in Formula (4) described above, at least one of Ar.sub.5 to
Ar.sub.9 is represented by Formula (7).
16: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13 or 14,
wherein in Formula (4) described above, Ar.sub.5 is represented by
Formula (7) described above.
17: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13 or 14,
wherein in Formula (4) described above, Ar.sub.6 and Ar.sub.8 are
each independently represented by Formula (7) described above.
18: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13 or 14,
wherein in Formula (5) described above, at least one of Ar.sub.10
to Ar.sub.15 is represented by Formula (7).
19: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13 or 14,
wherein in Formula (5) described above, Ar.sub.10 and Ar.sub.15 are
each independently represented by Formula (7) described above.
20: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13 or 14,
wherein in Formula (5) described above, Ar.sub.11 and Ar.sub.13 are
each independently represented by Formula (7) described above.
21: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13 or 14,
wherein in Formula (6) described above, at least one of Ar.sub.16
to Ar.sub.21 is represented by Formula (7).
22: The aromatic amine derivative as described in claim 13 or 14,
wherein in Formula (6) described above, Ar.sub.16, Ar.sub.18 and
Ar.sub.20 are each independently represented by Formula (7)
described above.
23: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 13
to 22, wherein in Formulas (4) to (6) described above, among
Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21, the groups which are not represented by
Formula (7) each are independently phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl
or fluorenyl.
24: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 13
to 23, wherein in Formulas (4) to (6) described above, L.sub.5 to
L.sub.12 each are independently phenylene, biphenylylene,
terphenylylene or fluorenylene.
25: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 13
to 24, wherein in Formula (7) described above, L.sub.2 is
phenylene, biphenylylene or fluorenylene.
26: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 13
to 25, wherein in Formula (7) described above, R.sub.1 is phenyl,
naphthyl or phenanthrene.
27: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 13
to 26, wherein in Formulas (4) to (6) described above, among
Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21, the groups which are not represented by
Formula (7) each are independently phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl
or fluorenyl; L.sub.5 to L.sub.12 are each independently phenylene,
biphenylylene, terphenylylene or fluorenylene; and L.sub.2 in
Formula (7) is phenylene, biphenylylene or fluorenylene.
28: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 1
to 27, wherein it is a material for an organic electroluminescence
device.
29: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 1
to 27, wherein it is a material for an organic electroluminescence
device for vapor deposition.
30: The aromatic amine derivative as described in any of claims 1
to 27, wherein it is a hole transporting material for an organic
electroluminescence device.
31: An organic electroluminescence device in which an organic thin
film layer comprising a single layer or plural layers including at
least a light emitting layer is interposed between a cathode and an
anode, wherein at least one layer in the above organic thin film
layer contains the aromatic amine derivative as described in any of
claims 1 to 27 in the form of a single component or a mixed
component.
32: The organic electroluminescence device as described in claim
31, wherein the above organic thin film layer comprises a hole
transporting layer, and the aromatic amine derivative described
above is contained in the above hole transporting layer.
33: The organic electroluminescence device as described in claim
31, wherein the above organic thin film layer comprises plural hole
transporting layers, and the aromatic amine derivative described
above is contained in the layer which is not brought into direct
contact with the light emitting layer.
34: The organic electroluminescence device as described in claim
31, wherein the above organic thin film layer comprises a hole
injecting layer, and the aromatic amine derivative described above
is contained in the above hole injecting layer.
35: The organic electroluminescence device as described in claim
31, wherein the aromatic amine derivative described above is
contained in the hole injecting layer as a main component.
36: The organic electroluminescence device as described in any of
claims 31 to 35, wherein a styrylamine compound and/or an arylamine
compound are contained in the light emitting layer.
37: The organic electroluminescence device as described in any of
claims 31 to 36, wherein the layer brought into contact with the
anode among the respective layers constituting the hole injecting
layer and the hole transporting layer described above is the layer
containing an acceptor material.
38: The organic electroluminescence device as described in any of
claims 31 to 37, wherein it emits light of a blue color.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to an aromatic amine
derivative and an organic electroluminescence (EL) device using the
same, specifically to an aromatic amine derivative which reduces
the operating voltage and inhibits the molecules from being
crystallized by using an aromatic amine derivative having a
specific substituent for a hole transporting material and which
enhances a yield in producing an organic EL device and improves a
lifetime of the organic EL device.
RELATED ART
[0002] An organic EL device is a spontaneous light emitting device
making use of the principle that a fluorescent substance emits
light by recombination energy of holes injected from an anode and
electrons injected from a cathode by applying an electric field.
Since an organic EL device of a laminate type driven at a low
voltage was reported by C. W. Tang et al. of Eastman Kodak Company
(C. W. Tang and S. A. Vanslyke, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 51,
p. 913, 1987 and the like), researches on organic EL devices
comprising organic materials as structural materials have actively
been carried out. Tang et al. use tris(8-quinolinolate)aluminum for
the light emitting layer and a triphenyldiamine derivative for the
hole transporting layer. The advantages of the laminate structure
include an elevation in an efficiency of injecting holes into a
light emitting layer, a rise in a production efficiency of excitons
produced by blocking electrons injected from a cathode to recombine
them and shutting up of excitons produced in a light emitting
layer. As shown in the above example, a two-layer type comprising a
hole transporting (injecting) layer and an electron transporting
and light emitting layer and a three-layer type comprising a hole
transporting (injecting) layer, a light emitting layer and an
electron transporting (injecting) layer are well known as the
device structures of an organic EL device. In such laminate type
structural devices, device structures and forming methods are
studied in order to enhance a recombination efficiency of holes and
electrons injected.
[0003] Usually, when an organic EL device is operated or stored
under high temperature environment, brought about are adverse
effects such as a change in a color of emitted light, a reduction
in a current efficiency, a rise in an operating voltage and a
reduction in an emission lifetime. A glass transition temperature
(Tg) of a hole transporting material has to be raised in order to
prevent the above matters. Accordingly, the hole transporting
material has to have a lot of aromatic groups in a molecule (for
example, aromatic diamine derivatives described in Patent Document
1 and aromatic fused ring diamine derivatives described in Patent
Document 2), and usually structures having 8 to 12 benzene rings
are preferably used.
[0004] However, if they have a lot of aromatic groups in a
molecule, crystallization is liable to be caused in forming a thin
film using the above hole transporting materials to produce an
organic EL device, and the problems that an outlet of a crucible
used for vapor deposition is clogged and that defects of a thin
film originating in crystallization are caused to bring about a
reduction in a yield of an organic EL device have been brought
about. Further, compounds having more aromatic groups in a molecule
have usually a higher glass transition temperature (Tg) but have a
higher sublimation temperature, and it is considered that the
phenomena that decomposition is caused in vapor deposition and that
a deposited film is unevenly formed are brought about, so that the
problem that the lifetime is short has been involved therein.
[0005] On the other hand, a publicly known document in which
asymmetric aromatic amine derivatives are disclosed is available.
For example, aromatic amine derivatives having an asymmetric
structure are described in Patent Document 3, but no specific
examples are found therein, and the characteristics of the
asymmetric compounds are not described therein at all. Further, the
examples of asymmetric aromatic amine derivatives having
phenanthrene are described in Patent Document 4, but they are
handled on the same basis as symmetric compounds, and the
characteristics of the asymmetric compounds are not described
therein at all. Also, a specific synthetic process is necessary for
the asymmetric compounds, but descriptions on the production
processes of the asymmetric compounds are not clearly shown in the
above patents. Further, a production process of aromatic amine
derivatives having an asymmetric structure is described in Patent
Document 5, but the characteristics of the asymmetric compounds are
not described therein. Thermally stable asymmetric compounds having
a high glass transition temperature are described in Patent
Document 6, but only examples of compounds having carbazole are
shown.
[0006] Further, amine compounds having thiophene are reported in
Patent Documents 7 to 8, but they are compounds in which diamine
compounds have thiophene in a central skeleton thereof. Also,
thiophene is bonded directly to amine in Patent Document 7.
Compounds having thiophene at en end of diamine compounds are
reported in Patent Documents 9 to 10, but they are compounds in
which thiophene is bonded directly to amine. These compounds are
unstable and hard to be refined, and therefore a purity thereof is
not enhanced. When thiophene is bonded directly to amine, an
electron state of amine is varied to a large extent, and therefore
the satisfactory performances are not exhibited. On the other hand,
compounds in which thiophene is bonded to amine via an aryl group
are described in Patent Document 11. However, these compounds
assume a structure in which thiophene is not substituted to a
2-position or a 3-position. A 2-position or a 3-position in
thiophene has a high reactivity and is electrically unstable.
Accordingly, if it is present in a molecule, the voltage is
elevated in evaluation of the device, and therefore it is not
preferred. Polymer amines are described in Patent Document 12, but
only specific examples are shown, and the characteristics of amine
compounds in which thiophene is bonded to nitrogen via an aryl
group are not described therein at all. Compounds having a form of
polymers are described in Patent Documents 13 to 22, but they can
not be vapor-deposited. Further, polar groups necessary for
polymerization reduce the performances of the device such as a
lifetime and the like, and therefore the above compounds are not
preferred.
[0007] As described above, it is usually known that the compounds
having a thiophene structure have a high mobility, but the
satisfactory performances are not exhibited merely by combining it
with an amine structure. Accordingly, an organic EL device having
more excellent performances has been strongly required to be
developed.
Patent Document 1: U.S. Pat. No. 4,720,432
Patent Document 2: U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,569
Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
48656/1996
Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
135261/1999
Patent Document 5: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
171366/2003
Patent Document 6: U.S. Pat. No. 6,242,115
Patent Document 7: WO2004-058740
Patent Document 8: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
304466/1992
Patent Document 9: WO2001-053286
Patent Document 10: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
287408/1995
Patent Document 11: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
267972/2003
Patent Document 12: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
155705/2004
Patent Document 13: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
042004/2005
Patent Document 14: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
259441/2005
Patent Document 15: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
Patent Document 16: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
235645/2005
Patent Document 17: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
235646/2005
Patent Document 18: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
082655/2005
Patent Document 19: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
288531/2004
Patent Document 20: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
199935/2004
Patent Document 21: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
111134/2004
Patent Document 22: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
313574/2002
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The present invention has been made in order to solve the
problems described above, and an object thereof is to provide an
organic EL device which reduces an operating voltage and makes
molecules less liable to be crystallized and which is improved in a
yield in producing the organic EL device and has a long lifetime
and an aromatic amine derivative which materializes the same.
[0009] Intensive researches repeated by the present inventors in
order to achieve the object described above have resulted in
finding that the above object can be achieved by using a novel
aromatic amine derivative having a specific substituent represented
by the following Formula (1) as a material for an organic EL device
and using it particularly for a hole transporting material, and
thus the present inventors have come to complete the present
invention.
[0010] Further, it has been found that an amino group substituted
with an aryl group having a thiophene structure represented by
Formula (2) is suited as an amine unit having the specific
substituent. The above amine unit has a polar group, so that it can
be interacted with an electrode, and therefore it has the effects
that charges are readily injected and that the operating voltage is
reduced due to a high mobility since it has a thiophene structure.
In addition thereto, the above amine unit has a steric hindrance,
so that interaction between the molecules is small, and therefore
it has the effects that crystallization thereof is inhibited to
enhance a yield in producing an organic EL device and that the
organic EL device obtained is extended in a lifetime. In
particular, it has been found that a marked reduction in the
voltage and an effect of extending the lifetime are obtained by
combining it with a blue light emitting device. Further, in the
compounds having a large molecular weight, the compounds having an
asymmetric structure can be reduced in a vapor deposition
temperature, and therefore they can be inhibited from being
decomposed in vapor deposition and can be extended in a
lifetime.
[0011] That is, the present invention provides an aromatic amine
derivative represented by the following Formula (1): ##STR1##
[wherein L.sub.1 represents a substituted or non-substituted
arylene group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; at least one of Ar.sub.1
to Ar.sub.4 is represented by the following Formula (2): ##STR2##
(wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted aryl group
having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl group having
1 to 50 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group; a is an
integer of 1 to 3; and L.sub.2 represents a substituted or
non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms); in
Formula (1), among Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4, the groups which are not
represented by Formula (2) each are independently a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; provided that
substituents for Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 are an aryl group having 6 to
50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 50
carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group; provided that there
is no case in which a is 2 and in which two R.sub.1 form a ring to
be turned into a benzothiophenyl group].
[0012] Further, the present invention provides an aromatic amine
derivative represented by any of the following Formulas (4) to (6):
##STR3## [wherein L.sub.5 to L.sub.12 represent a substituted or
non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; at least
one of Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.9 is represented by Formula (7); at least
one of Ar.sub.10 to Ar.sub.15 is represented by Formula (7); at
least one of Ar.sub.16 to Ar.sub.21 is represented by Formula (7);
##STR4## (wherein R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted aryl
group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl group
having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group; a is
an integer of 1 to 3; and L.sub.2 represents a substituted or
non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; provided
that there is no case in which a is 2 and in which two R.sub.1 form
a ring to be turned into a benzothiophenyl group); in Formulas (4)
to (6), among Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21, the groups which are not
represented by Formula (7) each are independently a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; provided that
substituents for Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21 are an aryl group having 6
to 50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 50
carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group; provided that there
is no case in which in Formula (5), Ar.sub.11 and Ar.sub.14 are
thienylaryl groups at the same time].
[0013] Further, the present invention provides an organic EL device
in which an organic thin layer comprising a single layer or plural
layers including at least a light emitting layer is interposed
between a cathode and an anode, wherein at least one layer in the
above organic thin layer contains the aromatic amine derivative
described above in the form of a single component or a mixed
component.
[0014] The aromatic amine derivative of the present invention and
the organic EL device obtained by using the same are reduced in an
operating voltage, less liable to be crystallized in molecules,
improved in a yield in producing the organic EL device and extended
in lifetimes.
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0015] The aromatic amine derivative of the present invention is
represented by the following Formula (1): ##STR5## wherein L.sub.1
represents a substituted or non-substituted arylene group having 6
to 50 ring atoms; at least one of Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 is
represented by the following Formula (2): ##STR6## in Formula (2),
R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted aryl group having 6 to
50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 50
carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group; a is an integer of 1
to 3; and L.sub.2 represents a substituted or non-substituted
arylene group having 6 to 50 ring atoms.
[0016] In Formula (1), among Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4, the groups which
are not represented by Formula (2) each are independently a
substituted or non-substituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring
atoms; provided that substituents for Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 are an
aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a branched or linear alkyl
group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group;
provided that there is no case in which a is 2 and in which two
R.sub.1 form a ring to be turned into a benzothiophenyl group.
[0017] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention
represented by Formula (1), Formula (2) described above is
preferably represented by Formula (3) shown below; ##STR7##
[0018] In Formula (3), R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms or a branched or linear alkyl
group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; and L.sub.2 represents a
substituted or non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring
atoms.
[0019] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
Ar.sub.1 in Formula (1) described above is preferably represented
by Formula (2) described above.
[0020] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 in Formula (1) described above are preferably
represented by Formula (2) described above.
[0021] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.3 in Formula (1) described above are preferably
represented by Formula (2) described above.
[0022] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
three or more of Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 in Formula (1) described
above are preferably different from each other and the molecular
structure of the aromatic amine compound is asymmetric.
[0023] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
three of Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 in Formula (1) described above are
preferably the same and the molecular structure of the aromatic
amine compound is asymmetric.
[0024] Preferably, in the aromatic amine derivative of the present
invention, among Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 in Formula (1), the groups
which are not represented by Formula (2) each are independently
phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl or fluorenyl.
[0025] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
L.sub.1 in Formula (1) described above is preferably biphenylylene,
terphenylylene or fluorenylene.
[0026] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
L.sub.2 in Formula (2) described above is preferably phenylene,
biphenylylene or fluorenylene.
[0027] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
R.sub.1 in Formula (2) described above is preferably phenyl,
naphthyl or phenanthrene.
[0028] Preferably, in the aromatic amine derivative of the present
invention, among Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.4 in Formula (1) described
above, the groups which are not represented by Formula (2) each are
independently phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl or fluorenyl; L.sub.1
is biphenylylene, terphenylylene or fluorenylene; and L.sub.2 in
Formula (2) described above is phenylene, biphenylylene or
fluorenylene.
[0029] Further, the aromatic amine derivative of the present
invention is represented by any of the following Formulas (4) to
(6): ##STR8## in Formulas (4) to (6), L.sub.5 to L.sub.12 represent
a substituted or non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring
atoms; at least one of Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.9 is represented by
Formula (7); at least one of Ar.sub.10 to Ar.sub.15 is represented
by Formula (7); and at least one of Ar.sub.6 to Ar.sub.21 is
represented by Formula (7). ##STR9##
[0030] In Formula (7), R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a branched or linear
alkyl group having 1 to 50 atoms, a halogen atom or a cyano group;
a is an integer of 1 to 3; L.sub.2 represents a substituted or
non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring atoms; provided
that there is no case in which a is 2 and in which two R.sub.1 form
a ring to be turned into a benzothiophenyl group.
[0031] In Formulas (4) to (6), among Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21, the
groups which are not represented by Formula (7) each are
independently a substituted or non-substituted aryl group having 6
to 50 ring atoms; provided that substituents for Ar.sub.5 to
Ar.sub.21 are an aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms, a branched
or linear alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a halogen atom
or a cyano group;
provided that there is no case in which in Formula (5), Ar.sub.11
and Ar.sub.14 are thienylaryl groups at the same time.
[0032] In the aromatic amine derivatives of the present invention
represented by Formulas (4) to (6), Formula (7) described above is
preferably represented by Formula (8) shown below; ##STR10##
[0033] In Formula (8), R.sub.1 is a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms or a branched or linear alkyl
group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms; and L.sub.2 represents a
substituted or non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 50 ring
atoms.
[0034] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
at least one of Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.9 in Formula (4) described above
is preferably represented by Formula (7).
[0035] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
Ar.sub.5 in Formula (4) described above is preferably represented
by Formula (7) described above.
[0036] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
Ar.sub.6 and Ar.sub.8 in Formula (4) described above are preferably
represented by Formula (7) described above.
[0037] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
at least one of Ar.sub.10 to Ar.sub.15 in Formula (5) described
above is preferably represented by Formula (7).
[0038] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
Ar.sub.10 and Ar.sub.15 in Formula (5) described above are
preferably represented by Formula (7) described above.
[0039] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
Ar.sub.11 and Ar.sub.13 in Formula (5) described above are
preferably represented by Formula (7) described above.
[0040] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
at least one of Ar.sub.16 to Ar.sub.21 in Formula (6) described
above is preferably represented by Formula (7).
[0041] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
Ar.sub.16, Ar.sub.18 and Ar.sub.20 in Formula (6) described above
are preferably represented by Formula (7) described above.
[0042] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
among Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21 in Formulas (4) to (6) described above,
the groups which are not represented by Formula (7) are preferably
phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl or fluorenyl.
[0043] Preferably, in the aromatic amine derivative of the present
invention, L.sub.5 to L.sub.12 in Formulas (4) to (6) described
above each are independently phenylene, biphenylylene,
terphenylylene or fluorenylene.
[0044] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
L.sub.2 in Formula (7) described above is preferably phenylene,
biphenylylene or fluorenylene.
[0045] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
R.sub.1 in Formula (7) described above is preferably phenyl,
naphthyl or phenanthrene.
[0046] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention,
among Ar.sub.5 to Ar.sub.21 in Formulas (4) to (6) described above,
the groups which are not represented by Formula (7) are preferably
phenyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl or fluorenyl; L.sub.5 to L.sub.12
are preferably phenylene, biphenylylene, terphenylylene or
fluorenylene; and L.sub.2 in Formula (7) is preferably phenylene,
biphenylylene or fluorenylene.
[0047] The substituted or non-substituted aryl groups having 6 to
50 ring atoms represented by Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.21 in Formulas (1)
and (4) to (6) and R.sub.1 in Formulas (2), (3), (7) and (8)
include, for example, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-anthryl,
2-anthryl, 9-anthryl, 1-phenanthryl, 2-phenanthryl, 3-phenanthryl,
4-phenanthryl, 9-phenanthryl, 1-naphthacenyl, 2-naphthacenyl,
9-naphthacenyl, 1-pyrenyl, 2-pyrenyl, 4-pyrenyl, 2-biphenylyl,
3-biphenylyl, 4-biphenylyl, p-terphenyl-4-yl, p-terphenyl-3-yl,
p-terphenyl-2-yl, m-terphenyl-4-yl, m-terphenyl-3-yl,
m-terphenyl-2-yl, o-tolyl, m-tolyl, p-tolyl, p-t-butylphenyl,
p-(2-phenylpropyl)phenyl, 3-methyl-2-naphthyl, 4-methyl-1-naphthyl,
4-methyl-1-anthryl, 4'-methylbiphenylyl,
4''-t-butyl-p-terphenyl-4-yl, fluoranthenyl, fluorenyl and the
like.
[0048] Among them, phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl, terphenylyl and
fluorenyl are preferred.
[0049] In a thiophene compound, a 2-position or a 3-position has a
high reactivity, and therefore these substitution positions are
preferably protected. A publicly known document includes Macromol.
Rapid Commun., 2001, 22, p. 266 to 270, and it is reported therein
that they are electrically unstable and allow polymerization to
proceed. The substituent is preferably an alkyl group or an aryl
group, and it is preferably an aryl group, more preferably a
non-substituted aryl group from the viewpoint of a stability of the
compound.
[0050] The substituted or non-substituted arylene groups having 6
to 50 ring atoms represented by L.sub.1 and L.sub.5 to L.sub.12 in
Formulas (1) and (4) to (6) and L.sub.2 in Formulas (2), (3), (7)
and (8) include groups obtained by converting the examples of the
aryl group described above into divalent groups.
[0051] The substituted or non-substituted alkyl groups having 1 to
50 carbon atoms represented by R.sub.1 in Formulas (2), (3), (7)
and (8) include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl,
n-butyl, s-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl,
n-octyl, chloromethyl, 1-chloroethyl, 2-chloroethyl,
2-chloroisobutyl, 1,2-dichloroethyl, 1,3-dichloroisopropyl,
2,3-dichloro-t-butyl, 1,2,3-trichloropropyl, bromomethyl,
1-bromoethyl, 2-bromoethyl, 2-bromoisobutyl, 1,2-dibromoethyl,
1,3-dibromoisopropyl, 2,3-dibromo-t-butyl, 1,2,3-tribromopropyl,
iodomethyl, 1-iodoethyl, 2-iodoethyl, 2-iodoisobutyl,
1,2-diiodoethyl, 1,3-diiodoisopropyl, 2,3-diiodo-t-butyl,
1,2,3-triiodopropyl, cyanomethyl, 1-cyanoethyl, 2-cyanoethyl,
2-cyanoisobutyl, 1,2-dicyanoethyl, 1,3-dicyanoisopropyl,
2,3-dicyano-t-butyl, 1,2,3-tricyanopropyl, trifluoromethyl,
cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
4-methylcyclohexyl, 1-adamantyl, 2-adamantyl, 1-norbornyl,
2-norbornyl and the like. They are preferably a saturated linear,
branched or cyclic alkyl group and include, to be specific, methyl,
ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, s-butyl, isobutyl, t-butyl,
n-pentyl, n-hexyl, n-heptyl, n-octyl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl,
cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, 4-methylcyclohexyl, 1-adamantyl,
2-adamantyl, 1-norbornyl, 2-norbornyl and the like.
[0052] The halogen atoms represented by R.sub.1 in Formulas (2),
(3), (7) and (8) include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a
bromine atom and an iodine atom.
[0053] The examples of the aryl group having 6 to 50 ring atoms,
the branched or linear alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, the
halogen atom and the cyano group which are substituents for
Ar.sub.1 to Ar.sub.21 include the same groups as described
above.
[0054] In Formulas (2) and (7), a is an integer of 1 to 3. When a
is 2 or more, plural R.sub.1 may be combined with each other to
form a saturated or unsaturated cyclic structure of a five-membered
ring or a six-membered ring which may be substituted. Provided that
an aromatic ring is excluded.
[0055] The above cyclic structure of a five-membered ring or a
six-membered ring which may be formed includes, for example,
cycloalkanes having 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclopentane,
cyclohexane, adamantane, norbornane and the like, cycloalkenes
having 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclopentene, cyclohexene and
the like and cycloalkadienes having 6 to 12 carbon atoms such as
cyclopentadiene, cyclohexadiene and the like.
[0056] The specific examples of the aromatic amine derivatives of
the present invention represented by Formulas (1) and (4) to (6)
are shown below, but they shall not be restricted to these
compounds shown as the examples. ##STR11## ##STR12## ##STR13##
##STR14## ##STR15## ##STR16## ##STR17## ##STR18## ##STR19##
##STR20## ##STR21## ##STR22## ##STR23## ##STR24## ##STR25##
##STR26## ##STR27## ##STR28## ##STR29## ##STR30## ##STR31##
##STR32## ##STR33## ##STR34## ##STR35## ##STR36##
[0057] The aromatic amine derivative of the present invention is
preferably a material for an organic electroluminescence
device.
[0058] The aromatic amine derivative of the present invention is
preferably a material for an organic electroluminescence device for
vapor deposition.
[0059] The aromatic amine derivative of the present invention is
preferably a hole transporting material for an organic
electroluminescence device.
[0060] The organic EL device of the present invention is an organic
EL device in which an organic thin film layer comprising a single
layer or plural layers including at least a light emitting layer is
interposed between a cathode and an anode, wherein at least one
layer in the above organic thin film layer contains the aromatic
amine derivative described above in the form of a single component
or a mixed component.
[0061] In the organic EL device of the present invention, the above
organic thin film layer comprises a hole transporting layer, and
the aromatic amine derivative described above is preferably
contained in the above hole transporting layer.
[0062] In the organic EL device of the present invention, the above
organic thin film layer comprises plural hole transporting layers,
and the aromatic amine derivative described above is preferably
contained in the layer which is not brought into direct contact
with the light emitting layer.
[0063] In the organic EL device of the present invention, the above
organic thin film layer comprises a hole injecting layer, and the
aromatic amine derivative described above is preferably contained
in the above hole injecting layer. Further, the aromatic amine
derivative described above is preferably contained in the hole
injecting layer described above as a main component.
[0064] A fluorescent dopant is preferably a compound selected
according to a required light emitting color from amine base
compounds, aromatic compounds, chelate complexes such as
tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum complex and the like, coumarin
derivatives, tetraphenylbutadiene derivatives, bisstyrylarylene
derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives and the like, and in
particular, it includes arylamine compounds and styrylamine
compounds. Among them, styrylamine compounds, styryldiamine
compounds, aromatic amine compounds and aromatic diamine compounds
are more preferred. Fused polycyclic aromatic compounds (excluding
amine compounds) are further preferred. The above fluorescent
dopants may be used alone or in combination of a plurality
thereof.
[0065] The above styrylamine compounds and styryldiamine compounds
are preferably compounds represented by the following Formula (A):
##STR37## (wherein Ar.sup.3 is a group selected from phenyl,
naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, stilbene and distyrylaryl; Ar.sup.4
and Ar.sup.5 each are an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20
carbon atoms, and Ar.sup.3, Ar.sup.4 and Ar.sup.5 may be
substituted; p is an integer of 1 to 4, and among them, p is
preferably an integer of 1 to 2; any one of Ar.sup.3 to Ar.sup.5 is
a group containing a styryl group; and at least one of Ar.sup.4 and
Ar.sup.5 is more preferably substituted with a styryl group).
[0066] In this regard, the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to
20 carbon atoms includes phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl, phenanthryl,
terphenyl and the like.
[0067] The aromatic amine compound and the aromatic diamine
compound are preferably compounds represented by the following
Formula (B): ##STR38## (wherein Ar.sup.6 to Ar.sup.8 are a
substituted or non-substituted aryl group having 5 to 40 ring
carbon atoms; q is an integer of 1 to 4, and among them, q is
preferably an integer of 1 to 2).
[0068] In this regard, the aryl group having 5 to 40 ring carbon
atoms includes, for example, phenyl, naphthyl, anthranyl,
phenanthryl, pyrenyl, coronyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, pyrrolyl,
furanyl, thiophenyl, benzothiophenyl, oxadiazolyl,
diphenylanthranyl, indolyl, carbazolyl, pyridyl, benzoquinolyl,
fluoranthenyl, acenaphthofluoranthenyl, stilbene, perylenyl,
chrysenyl, picenyl, triphenylenyl, rubicenyl, benzoanthracenyl,
phenylanthracenyl, bisanthracenyl or aryl groups represented by the
following Formulas (C) and (D), and naphthyl, anthranyl, chrysenyl,
pyrenyl and an aryl group represented by Formula (D) are preferred.
##STR39## (in Formula (C), r is an integer of 1 to 3).
[0069] Preferred substituents with which the aryl group described
above is substituted include an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon
atoms (ethyl, methyl, i-propyl, n-propyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl,
hexyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl and the like), an alkoxy group
having 1 to 6 carbon atoms (ethoxy, methoxy, i-propoxy, n-propoxy,
s-butoxy, t-butoxy, pentoxy, hexyloxy, cyclopentoxy, cyclohexyloxy
and the like), an aryl group having 5 to 40 ring carbon atoms, an
amino group substituted with an aryl group having 5 to 40 ring
carbon atoms, an ester group having an aryl group having 5 to 40
ring carbon atoms, an ester group having an alkyl group having 1 to
6 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a nitro group, a halogen atom and
the like.
[0070] The fused polycyclic aromatic compounds (excluding amine
compounds) are preferably fused polycyclic aromatic compounds such
as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, coronene,
biphenyl, terphenyl, pyrrole, furan, thiophene, benzothiophene,
oxadiazole, indole, carbazole, pyridine, benzoquinoline,
fluoranthenine, benzofluoranthene, acenaphthofluoranthenine,
stilbene, perylene, chrysene, picene, triphenylenine, rubicene,
benzoanthracene and the like and derivatives thereof.
[0071] In the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention, a
layer brought into contact with the anode among the respective
layers constituting the hole injecting layer and/or the hole
transporting layer each described above is preferably a layer
containing an acceptor material.
[0072] The acceptor is an easily reducing organic compound.
[0073] Easiness of reduction in compounds can be measured by a
reduction potential. In the present invention, compounds having a
reduction potential of -0.8 V or more which is measured using a
saturated calomel electrode (SCE) as a reference electrode are
preferred, and compounds having a larger value than a reduction
potential (about 0 V) of tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) are
particularly preferred.
[0074] The easily reducing organic compound is preferably an
organic compound having an electron attracting substituent. To be
specific, it includes quinoid derivatives, pyrazine derivatives,
arylborane derivatives, imide derivatives and the like. The quinoid
derivatives include quinodimethane derivatives, thiopyran dioxide
derivatives, thioxanthene dioxide derivatives, quinone derivatives
and the like.
[0075] The aromatic amine derivative of the present invention is
used preferably for an organic EL device which emits light of a
blue color.
[0076] The device structure of the organic EL device of the present
invention shall be explained below.
(1) Structure of the Organic EL Device
[0077] The typical examples of the device structure of the organic
EL device of the present invention include structures such as:
[0078] (1) Anode/light emitting layer/cathode [0079] (2) Anode/hole
injecting layer/light emitting layer/cathode [0080] (3) Anode/light
emitting layer/electron injecting layer/cathode [0081] (4)
Anode/hole injecting layer/light emitting layer/electron injecting
layer/cathode [0082] (5) Anode/organic semiconductor layer/light
emitting layer/cathode [0083] (6) Anode/organic semiconductor
layer/electron barrier layer/light emitting layer/cathode [0084]
(7) Anode/organic semiconductor layer/light emitting layer/adhesion
improving layer/cathode [0085] (8) Anode/hole injecting layer/hole
transporting layer/light emitting layer/electron injecting
layer/cathode [0086] (9) Anode/acceptor containing layer/hole
injecting layer/hole transporting layer/light emitting
layer/electron transporting layer/electron injecting layer/cathode
[0087] (10) Anode/insulating layer/light emitting layer/insulating
layer/cathode [0088] (11) Anode/inorganic semiconductor
layer/insulating layer/light emitting layer/insulating
layer/cathode [0089] (12) Anode/organic semiconductor
layer/insulating layer/light emitting layer/insulating
layer/cathode [0090] (13) Anode/insulating layer/hole injecting
layer/hole transporting layer/light emitting layer/insulating
layer/cathode [0091] (14) Anode/insulating layer/hole injecting
layer/hole transporting layer/light emitting layer/electron
injecting layer/cathode
[0092] Among them, usually the structure of (8) is preferably used,
but it shall not be restricted to them.
[0093] The aromatic amine derivative of the present invention may
be used in any organic thin film layers of the organic EL device
and can be used in the light emitting zone or the hole transporting
zone, and it is used preferably in the hole transporting zone,
particularly preferably in the hole injecting layer, whereby the
molecules are less liable to be crystallized, and a yield in
producing the organic EL device is enhanced.
[0094] An amount of the aromatic amine derivative of the present
invention added to the organic thin film layer is preferably 30 to
100 mole %.
(2) Light Transmitting Substrate
[0095] The organic EL device of the present invention is prepared
on a light transmitting substrate. The light transmitting substrate
referred to in this case is a substrate for supporting the organic
EL device, and it is preferably a flat substrate in which light in
a visible region of 400 to 700 nm has a light transmittance of 50%
or more.
[0096] To be specific, it includes a glass plate, a polymer plate
and the like. In particular, the glass plate includes soda lime
glass, barium-strontium-containing glass, lead glass,
aluminosilicate glass, borosilicate glass, barium borosilicate
glass, quartz and the like. The polymer plate includes
polycarbonate, acryl, polyethylene terephthalate, polyether
sulfide, polysulfone and the like.
(3) Anode
[0097] An anode in the organic EL device of the present invention
has a function to inject a hole into the hole transporting layer or
the light emitting layer, and it is effective that the anode has a
work function of 4.5 eV or more. The specific examples of a
material for the anode used in the present invention include indium
tin oxide alloy (ITO), tin oxide (NESA), indium-zinc oxide (IZO),
gold, silver, platinum, copper and the like.
[0098] The anode can be prepared by forming a thin film from the
above electrode substances by a method such as a vapor deposition
method, a sputtering method and the like.
[0099] When light emitted from the light emitting layer is taken
out from the anode, a light transmittance of the anode based on
light emitted is preferably larger than 10%. The anode has a sheet
resistance of preferably several hundred .OMEGA./.quadrature. or
less. A film thickness of the anode is selected, though depending
on the material, in a range of usually 10 nm to 1 .mu.m, preferably
10 to 200 nm.
(4) Light Emitting Layer
[0100] The light emitting layer in the organic EL device has the
following functions of (1) to (3) in combination.
(1) Injecting function: a function in which a hole can be injected
from an anode or a hole injecting layer in applying an electric
field and in which an electron can be injected from a cathode or an
electron injecting layer.
(2) Transporting function: a function in which a charge (electron
and hole) injected is transferred by virtue of a force of an
electric field.
(3) Light emitting function: a function in which a field for
recombination of an electron and a hole is provided and in which
this is connected to light emission.
[0101] Provided that a difference between an easiness in injection
of a hole and an easiness in injection of an electron may be
present and that a difference may be present in a transporting
ability shown by the mobilities of a hole and an electron, and any
one of the charges is preferably transferred.
[0102] A publicly known method such as, for example, a vapor
deposition method, a spin coating method, an LB method and the like
can be applied as a method for forming the above light emitting
layer. In particular, the light emitting layer is preferably a
molecular deposit film. In this case, the molecular deposit film
means a thin film formed by depositing a material compound staying
in a gas phase state or a film formed by solidifying a material
compound staying in a solution state or a liquid phase state, and
the above molecular deposit film can usually be distinguished from
a thin film (molecular accumulation film) formed by the LB method
by a difference in an aggregation structure and a higher order
structure and a functional difference originating in it.
[0103] Further, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application
Laid-Open No. 51781/1982, the light emitting layer can be formed as
well by dissolving a binding agent such as a resin and the material
compound in a solvent to prepare a solution and then coating the
solution by a spin coating method and the like to form a thin
film.
[0104] When the compound of the present invention is used for the
light emitting layer, other publicly known light emitting materials
excluding the light emitting material comprising the aromatic amine
derivative of the present invention may be added, if necessary, to
the light emitting layer as long as the object of the present
invention is not damaged. Further, a light emitting layer
containing a different publicly known light emitting material may
be laminated on the light emitting layer containing the light
emitting material comprising the aromatic amine derivative of the
present invention.
[0105] A light emitting material used in combination with the
compound of the present invention is mainly an organic compound,
and a doping material which can be used includes, for example,
anthracene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pyrene, tetracene, coronene,
chrysene, fluorescein, perylene, phthaloperylene,
naphthaloperylene, perynone, phthaloperynone, naphthaloperynone,
diphenylbutadiene, tetraphenylbutadiene, coumarin, oxadiazole,
aldazine, bisbenzoxazoline, bisstyryl, pyrazine, cyclopentadiene,
quinoline metal complexes, aminoquinoline metal complexes,
benzoquinoline metal complexes, imine, diphenylethylene,
vinylanthracene, diaminocarbazole, pyran, thiopyran, polymethine,
merocyanine, imidazole chelated oxynoid compounds, quinacridone,
rubrene, fluorescent coloring matters and the like. However, it
shall not be restricted to them.
[0106] The host material which can be used in combination with the
compound of the present invention is preferably compounds
represented by the following Formulas (i) to (xi).
[0107] Asymmetric anthracene represented by the following Formula
(i): ##STR40## (wherein Ar is a substituted or non-substituted
fused aromatic group having 10 to 50 ring carbon atoms; Ar' is a
substituted or non-substituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 ring
carbon atoms; X is a substituted or non-substituted aromatic group
having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon
atoms, a substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50
carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted aralkyl group having
6 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted aryloxy
group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
arylthio group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or
non-substituted alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a
carboxyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group or a
hydroxy group; a, b and c each are an integer of 0 to 4; n is an
integer of 1 to 3; and when n is 2 or more, an inside of the
brackets may be the same or different).
[0108] Asymmetric monoanthracene derivative represented by the
following Formula (ii): ##STR41## (wherein Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2
each are independently a substituted or non-substituted aromatic
ring group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms; m and n each are an
integer of 1 to 4; provided that when m and n are 1 and the
positions of Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 bonded to the benzene ring are
bilaterally symmetric, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are not the same, and
when m and n are an integer of 2 to 4, m and n are different
integers; and R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 each are independently a hydrogen
atom, a substituted or non-substituted aromatic cyclic group having
6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
aromatic heterocyclic group having a to 50 ring atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon
atoms, a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group, a
substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon
atoms, a substituted or non-substituted aralkyl group having 6 to
50 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted aryloxy group
having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
arylthio group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or
non-substituted alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted silyl group, a carboxyl group, a
halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group or a hydroxy group).
[0109] Asymmetric pyrene derivative represented by the following
Formula (iii): ##STR42## [wherein Ar and Ar' each are a substituted
or non-substituted aromatic group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms;
L and L' each are a substituted or non-substituted phenylene group,
a substituted or non-substituted naphthalenylene group, a
substituted or non-substituted fluorenylene group or a substituted
or non-substituted dibenzosilolylene group; m is an integer of 0 to
2; n is an integer of 1 to 4; s is an integer of 0 to 2; and t is
an integer of 0 to 4; L or Ar is bonded to any of 1- to 5-positions
of pyrene, and L' or Ar' is bonded to any of 6- to 10-positions of
pyrene; provided that when n+t is an even number, Ar, Ar', L and L'
satisfy (1) or (2) described below: (1) Ar.noteq.Ar' and/or
L.noteq.L' (in this case, .noteq. shows that both are groups having
different structures) and (2) when Ar=Ar' and L=L',
[0110] (2-1) m.noteq.s and/or n.noteq.t or
[0111] (2-2) when m=s and n=t,
[0112] there are not a case in which (2-2-1) L and L' or pyrene
each are bonded to different bonding positions on Ar and Ar' or
(2-2-2) L and L' or pyrene are bonded to the same bonding position
on Ar and Ar' and a case in which the substitution positions of L
and L' or Ar and Ar' in pyrene are a 1-position and a 6-position or
a 2-position and a 7-position].
[0113] Asymmetric anthracene derivative represented by the
following Formula (iv): ##STR43## (wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 each
are independently a substituted or non-substituted fused aromatic
cyclic group having 10 to 20 ring carbon atoms; Ar.sup.1 and
Ar.sup.2 each are independently a hydrogen atom or a substituted or
non-substituted aromatic cyclic group having 6 to 50 ring carbon
atoms; R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 each are independently a hydrogen atom,
a substituted or non-substituted aromatic cyclic group having 6 to
50 ring carbon ring atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
aromatic heterocyclic group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 50 carbon
atoms, a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group, a
substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon
atoms, a substituted or non-substituted aralkyl group having 6 to
50 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted aryloxy group
having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
arylthio group having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or
non-substituted alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted silyl group, a carboxyl group, a
halogen atom, a cyano group, a nitro group or a hydroxy group;
Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 each may be plural, and
the adjacent groups may form a saturated or unsaturated cyclic
structure; provided that there is no case in which in Formula (1),
the groups symmetric to an X-Y axis shown on anthracene are bonded
to a 9-position and a 10-position of the above anthracene in a
center).
[0114] Anthracene derivative represented by the following Formula
(v): ##STR44## (wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 each represent
independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group,
an aryl group which may be substituted, an alkoxyl group, an
aryloxy group, an alkylamino group, an alkenyl group, an arylamino
group or a heterocyclic group which may be substituted; a and b
each represent an integer of 1 to 5; when they are 2 or more,
R.sup.1's themselves or R.sup.2's themselves may be the same as or
different from each other, and R.sup.1's themselves or R.sup.2's
themselves may be combined with each other to form a ring; R.sup.3
and R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 and R.sup.9
and R.sup.10 may be combined with each other to form rings; and
L.sup.1 represents a single bond, --O--, --S--, --N(R)-- (R is an
alkyl group or an aryl group which may be substituted), an alkylene
group or an arylene group).
[0115] Anthracene derivative represented by the following Formula
(vi): ##STR45## (wherein R.sup.11 to R.sup.20 each represent
independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, a cycloalkyl group,
an aryl group, an alkoxyl group, an aryloxy group, an alkylamino
group, an arylamino group or a heterocyclic group which may be
substituted; c, d, e and f each represent an integer of 1 to 5;
when they are 2 or more, R.sup.11's themselves, R.sup.12's
themselves, R.sup.16's themselves or R.sup.17's themselves may be
the same as or different from each other, and R.sup.11's
themselves, R.sup.12's themselves, R.sup.16's themselves or
R.sup.17's themselves may be combined with each other to form a
ring; R.sup.13 and R.sup.14 and R.sup.18 and R.sup.19 may be
combined with each other to form rings; and L.sup.2 represents a
single bond, --O--, --S--, --N(R)-- (R is an alkyl group or an aryl
group which may be substituted), an alkylene group or an arylene
group).
[0116] Spirofluorene derivative represented by the following
Formula (vii): ##STR46## (wherein A.sup.5 to A.sup.8 each are
independently a substituted or non-substituted biphenylyl group or
a substituted or non-substituted naphthyl group).
[0117] Fused ring-containing compound represented by the following
Formula (viii): ##STR47## (wherein A.sup.9 to A.sup.14 are the same
as those described above; R.sup.21 to R.sup.23 each represent
independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon
atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl
group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an aryloxy group having 5 to 18
carbon atoms, an aralkyloxy group having 7 to 18 carbon atoms, an
arylamino group having 5 to 16 carbon atoms, a nitro group, a cyano
group, an ester group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms or a halogen atom;
and at least one of A.sup.9 to A.sup.14 is a group having 3 or more
fused aromatic rings).
[0118] Fluorene compound represented by the following Formula (ix):
##STR48## (wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent a hydrogen atom, a
substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or
non-substituted aralkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group, a substituted or non-substituted heterocyclic group, a
substituted amino group, a cyano group or a halogen atom; R.sub.1's
themselves and R.sub.2's themselves which are bonded to the
different fluorene groups may be the same as or different from each
other, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 which are bonded to the same
fluorene group may be the same or different; R.sub.3 and R.sub.4
represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl
group, a substituted or non-substituted aralkyl group, a
substituted or non-substituted aryl group or a substituted or
non-substituted heterocyclic group; R.sub.3's themselves and
R.sub.4's themselves which are bonded to the different fluorene
groups may be the same as or different from each other, and R.sub.3
and R.sub.4 which are bonded to the same fluorene group may be the
same or different; Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 represent a substituted or
non-substituted fused polycyclic aromatic group in which the total
of benzene rings is 3 or more or a fused polycyclic heterocyclic
group in which the total of benzene rings and heterocycles is 3 or
more and which is bonded to a fluorene group via substituted or
non-substituted carbon; Ar.sub.1 and Ar.sub.2 may be the same or
different; and n represents an integer of 1 to 10).
[0119] Compound having an anthracene central skeleton represented
by the following Formula (x): ##STR49## (in Formula (x), A.sub.1
and A.sub.2 each are independently a group derived from a
substituted or non-substituted aromatic ring having 6 to 20 ring
carbon atoms; the aromatic ring described above may be substituted
with at least one substituent; the substituent described above is
selected from a substituted or non-substituted aryl group having 6
to 50 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl
group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
cycloalkyl group having 3 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or
non-substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted aralkyl group having 6 to 50 carbon
atoms, a substituted or non-substituted aryloxy group having 5 to
50 ring atoms, a substituted or non-substituted arylthio group
having 5 to 50 ring atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
alkoxycarbonyl group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or
non-substituted silyl group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, a
cyano group, a nitro group and a hydroxyl group; when the aromatic
ring described above is substituted with two or more substituents,
the substituents described above may be the same or different, and
the adjacent substituents may be bonded with each other to form a
saturated or unsaturated cyclic structure; R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 each
are independently selected from a hydrogen atom, a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group having 6 to 50 ring carbon atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted heteroaryl group having 5 to 50 ring
atoms, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 50
carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group
having 3 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
alkoxy group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or
non-substituted aralkyl group having 6 to 50 carbon atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted aryloxy group having 5 to 50 ring
atoms, a substituted or non-substituted arylthio group having 5 to
50 ring atoms, a substituted or non-substituted alkoxycarbonyl
group having 1 to 50 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
silyl group, a carboxyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a
nitro group and a hydroxyl group).
[0120] Compound having a structure represented by the following
Formula (xi) in which A.sub.1 is different from A.sub.2 in Formula
(x) described above: ##STR50## (in Formula (xi), A.sub.1, A.sub.2
and R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 each are independently the same as in
Formula (x); provided that a case in which the groups symmetric to
an X-Y axis shown on anthracene are bonded to a 9-position and a
10-position of the above anthracene in a center is not
present).
[0121] Among the host materials described above, the anthracene
derivatives are preferred; the monoanthracene derivatives are more
preferred; and the asymmetric anthracenes are particularly
preferred.
[0122] The host suited to phosphorescence comprising the compound
containing a carbazole ring is a compound having a function in
which transfer of energy from an excited state thereof to a
phosphorescent compound takes place to result in allowing the
phosphorescent compound to emit light. The host compound shall not
specifically be restricted as long as it is a compound which can
transfer exciton energy to the phosphorescent compound, and it can
suitably be selected according to the purposes. It may have an
optional heterocycle and the like in addition to a carbazole
ring.
[0123] The specific examples of the above host compound include
carbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives,
oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane
derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives,
phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives,
amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styrylanthracene
derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives,
stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine
compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidene base
compounds, porphyrin base compounds, anthraquinodimethane
derivatives, anthrone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives,
thiopyran dioxide derivatives, carbodiimide derivatives,
fluorenilidenemethane derivatives, distyrylpyrazine derivatives,
heterocyclic tetracarboxylic anhydride such as naphthaleneperylene
and the like, phthalocyanine derivatives, metal complexes of
8-quinolinol derivatives, various metal complex polysilane base
compounds represented by metal complexes comprising metal
phthalocyanine, benzoxazole and benzothiazole as ligands, and high
molecular compounds including poly(N-vinylcarbazole) derivatives,
aniline base copolymers, thiophene oligomers, electroconductive
high molecular oligomers such as polythiophene, polythiophene
derivatives, polyphenylene derivatives, polyphenylenevinylene
derivatives and polyfluorene derivatives. The host compounds may be
used alone or in combination two or more kinds thereof.
[0124] The specific examples thereof include the following
compounds: ##STR51## ##STR52##
[0125] The phosphorescent dopant is a compound which can emit light
from a triplet exciton. It shall not specifically be restricted as
long as it emits light from a triplet exciton. It is preferably a
metal complex containing at least one metal selected from the group
consisting of Ir, Ru, Pd, Pt, Os and Re, and a porphyrin metal
complex or an ortho-metallated metal complex is preferred. The
porphyrin metal complex is preferably a porphyrin platinum complex.
The phosphorescent compounds may be used alone or in combination of
two or more kinds thereof.
[0126] A ligand forming the ortho-metallated metal complex includes
various ones, and the preferred ligand includes 2-phenylpyridine
derivatives, 7,8-benzoquinoline derivatives, 2-(2-thienyl)pyridine
derivatives, 2-(1-naphthyl)pyridine derivatives, 2-phenylquinoline
derivatives and the like. The above derivatives may have, if
necessary, substituents. In particular, the compounds into which
fluorides and trifluoromethyl are introduced are preferred as a
blue color dopant. Further, it may have, as an auxiliary ligand,
ligands other than the ligands described above such as
acetylacetonate, picric acid and the like.
[0127] A content of the phosphorescent dopant in the light emitting
layer shall not specifically be restricted, and it can suitably be
selected according to the purposes. It is, for example, 0.1 to 70
mass %, preferably 1 to 30 mass %. If a content of the
phosphorescent dopant is less than 0.1 mass %, light emission is
faint, and an addition effect thereof is not sufficiently
exhibited. On the other hand, if it exceeds 70 mass %, a phenomenon
called concentration quenching is markedly brought about, and the
device performance is reduced.
[0128] The light emitting layer may contain, if necessary, a hole
transporting material, an electron transporting material and a
polymer binder.
[0129] Further, a film thickness of the light emitting layer is
preferably 5 to 50 nm, more preferably 7 to 50 nm and most
preferably 10 to 50 nm. If it is less than 5 nm, it is difficult to
form the light emitting layer, and controlling of the chromaticity
is likely to become difficult. On the other hand, if it exceeds 50
nm, the operating voltage is likely to go up.
(5) Hole Injecting and Transporting Layer (Hole Transporting
Zone)
[0130] The hole injecting and transporting layer is a layer for
assisting injection of a hole into the light emitting layer to
transport it to the light emitting region, and it has a large hole
mobility and shows usually as small ionization energy as 5.6 eV or
less. A material which transports a hole to the light emitting
layer by a lower electric field strength is preferred for the above
hole injecting and transporting layer, and more preferred is a
material in which a mobility of a hole is at least 10.sup.-4
cm.sup.2/Vsecond in applying an electric field of, for example,
10.sup.4 to 10.sup.6 V/cm.
[0131] When the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention
is used in the hole transporting zone, the hole injecting and
transporting layers may be formed from the aromatic amine
derivative of the present invention alone or it may be used in a
mixture with other materials.
[0132] The materials for forming the hole injecting and
transporting layer in a mixture with the aromatic amine derivative
of the present invention shall not specifically be restricted as
long as they have the preferred properties described above, and
capable of being used are optional materials selected from
materials which have so far conventionally been used as charge
transporting materials for holes in photoconductive materials and
publicly known materials which are used for a hole injecting and
transporting layer in an organic EL device. In the present
invention, a material which has a hole transporting ability and
which can be used for a hole transporting zone is called a hole
transporting material.
[0133] The specific examples thereof include triazole derivatives
(refer to U.S. Pat. No. 3,112,197 and the like), oxadiazole
derivatives (refer to U.S. Pat. No. 3,189,447 and the like),
imidazole derivatives (refer to Japanese Patent Publication No.
16096/1962 and the like), polyarylalkane derivatives (refer to U.S.
Pat. No. 3,615,402, ditto No. 3,820,989 and ditto No. 3,542,544,
Japanese Patent Publication No. 555/1970 and ditto No. 10983/1976
and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 93224/1976, ditto No.
17105/1980, ditto No. 4148/1981, ditto No. 108667/1980, ditto No.
156953/1980 and ditto No. 36656/1981 and the like), pyrazoline
derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives (refer to U.S. Pat. No.
3,180,729 and ditto No. 4,278,746 and Japanese Patent Application
Laid-Open No. 88064/1980, ditto No. 88065/1980, ditto No.
105537/1974, ditto No. 51086/1980, ditto No. 80051/1981, ditto No.
88141/1981, ditto No. 45545/1982, ditto No. 112637/1979 and ditto
No. 74546/1980 and the like), phenylenediamine derivatives (refer
to U.S. Pat. No. 3,615,404, Japanese Patent Publication No.
10105/1976, ditto No. 3712/1971 and ditto No. 25336/1972 and
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 119925/1979 and the
like), arylamine derivatives (refer to U.S. Pat. No. 3,567,450,
ditto No. 3,240,597, ditto No. 3,658,520, ditto No. 4,232,103,
ditto No. 4,175,961 and ditto No. 4,012,376, Japanese Patent
Publication No. 35702/1974 and ditto No. 27577/1964, Japanese
Patent Application Laid-Open No. 144250/1980, ditto No. 119132/1981
and ditto No. 22437/1981 and German Patent No. 1,110,518 and the
like), amino-substituted chalcone derivatives (refer to U.S. Pat.
No. 3,526,501 and the like), oxazole derivatives (disclosed in U.S.
Pat. No. 3,257,203 and the like), styrylanthracene derivatives
(refer to Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 46234/1981 and
the like), fluorenone derivatives (refer to Japanese Patent
Application Laid-Open No. 110837/1979 and the like), hydrazone
derivatives (refer to U.S. Pat. No. 3,717,462, Japanese Patent
Application Laid-Open No. 59143/1979, ditto No. 52063/1980, ditto
No. 52064/1980, ditto No. 46760/1980, ditto No. 11350/1982 and
ditto No. 148749/1982, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
311591/1990 and the like), stilbene derivatives (refer to Japanese
Patent Application Laid-Open No. 210363/1986, ditto No.
228451/1986, ditto No. 14642/1986, ditto No. 72255/1986, ditto No.
47646/1987, ditto No. 36674/1987, ditto No. 10652/1987, ditto No.
30255/1987, ditto No. 93455/1985, ditto No. 94462/1985, ditto No.
174749/1985 and ditto No. 175052/1985 and the like), silazane
derivatives (U.S. Pat. No. 4,950,950), polysilane base (Japanese
Patent Application Laid-Open No. 204996/1990), aniline base
copolymers (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 282263/1990)
and the like.
[0134] The compounds described above can be used as the material
for the hole injecting and transporting layer, and preferably used
are porphyrin compounds (disclosed in Japanese Patent Application
Laid-Open No. 295695/1988 and the like), aromatic tertiary amine
compounds and styrylamine compounds (refer to U.S. Pat. No.
4,127,412 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 27033/1978,
ditto No. 58445/1979, ditto No. 79450/1980, ditto No. 144250/1980,
ditto No. 119132/1981, ditto No. 295558/1986, ditto No. 98353/1986
and ditto No. 295695/1988 and the like), and the aromatic tertiary
amine compounds are particularly preferably used.
[0135] Further, capable of being given are compounds having two
fused aromatic rings in a molecule described in U.S. Pat. No.
5,061,569, for example,
4,4'-bis(N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenylamino)biphenyl (hereinafter
abbreviated as NPD) and
4,4',4''-tris(N-(3-methylphenyl)-N-phenylamino)triphenylamine
(hereinafter abbreviated as MTDATA) in which three triphenylamine
units are combined in the form of a star burst type disclosed in
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 308688/1992.
[0136] In addition to the above compounds, a nitrogen-containing
heterocyclic derivative represented by the following formula which
is disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 3571977 can be used as well:
##STR53## (wherein R.sup.121 to R.sup.126 each represent any of a
substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group, a substituted or non-substituted
aralkyl group and a substituted or non-substituted heterocyclic
group; provided that R.sup.121 to R.sup.126 may be the same or
different; R.sup.121 and R.sup.122, R.sup.123 and R.sup.124,
R.sup.125 and R.sup.126, R.sup.121 and R.sup.126, R.sup.122 and
R.sup.123 and R.sup.124 and R.sup.125 may form fused rings).
[0137] Further, a compound represented by the following formula
which is described in U.S. Patent Application Publication
2004/0113547 can be used as well: ##STR54## (wherein R.sup.131 to
R.sup.136 are substituents and are preferably electron attractive
groups such as a cyano group, a nitro group, a sulfonyl group, a
carbonyl group, a trifluoromethyl group, halogen and the like).
[0138] As represented by the above materials, acceptor materials
can also be used as the hole injecting material. The specific
examples thereof have been described above.
[0139] Further, inorganic compounds such as p type Si, p type SiC
and the like can also be used as the material for the hole
injecting and transporting layer in addition to the aromatic
dimethylidene base compounds described above shown as the material
for the light emitting layer.
[0140] The hole injecting and transporting layer can be formed by
making a thin film from the aromatic amine derivative of the
present invention by a publicly known method such as, for example,
a vacuum vapor deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting
method, an LB method and the like. A film thickness of the hole
injecting and transporting layer shall not specifically be
restricted, and it is usually 5 nm to 5 .mu.m. The above hole
injecting and transporting layer may be constituted from a single
layer comprising at least one of the materials described above as
long as the aromatic amine derivative of the present invention is
contained in the hole transporting zone, and a hole injecting and
transporting layer comprising a compound which is different from
the compound used in the hole injecting and transporting layer
described above may be laminated thereon.
[0141] Further, an organic semiconductor layer may be provided as a
layer for assisting injection of a hole into the light emitting
layer, and the layer having a conductance of 10.sup.-10 S/cm or
more is suited. Capable of being used as a material for the above
organic semiconductor layer are conductive oligomers such as
thiophene-containing oligomers and arylamine-containing oligomers
disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 193191/1996
and conductive dendrimers such as arylamine-containing
dendrimers.
(6) Electron Injecting and Transporting Layer
[0142] The electron injecting and transporting layer is a layer for
assisting injection of an electron into the light emitting layer to
transport it to the light emitting region, and it has a large
electron mobility. Also, the adhesion improving layer is a layer
comprising particularly a material having a good adhesive property
with the cathode in the above electron injecting layer.
[0143] It is known that since light emitted in an organic EL device
is reflected by an electrode (in this case, a cathode), light
emitted directly from an anode is interfered with light emitted via
reflection by the electrode. In order to make efficient use of the
above interference effect, the electron transporting layer is
suitably selected in a film thickness of several nm to several
.mu.m, and particularly when the film thickness is large, the
electron mobility is preferably at least 10.sup.-5 cm.sup.2/Vs or
more in applying an electric field of 10.sup.4 to 10.sup.6 V in
order to avoid a rise in voltage.
[0144] The materials used for the electron injecting layer are
suitably metal complexes of 8-hyroxyquinoline or derivatives
thereof and oxadiazole derivatives. The specific examples of the
metal complexes of 8-hyroxyquinoline or the derivatives thereof
described above include metal chelate oxynoid compounds containing
chelates of oxine (in general, 8-quinolinol or 8-hyroxyquinoline),
and, for example, tris(8-quinolinol)aluminum can be used as the
electron injecting material.
[0145] On the other hand, the oxadiazole derivative includes
electron transmitting compounds represented by the following
formulas: ##STR55## (wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3,
Ar.sup.5, Ar.sup.6 and Ar.sup.9 each represent a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group, and they may be the same as or
different from each other; Ar.sup.4, Ar.sup.7 and Ar.sup.8 each
represent a substituted or non-substituted arylene group, and they
may be the same as or different from each other).
[0146] In this connection, the aryl group includes phenyl,
biphenylyl, anthryl, perylenyl and pyrenyl. Also, the arylene group
includes phenylene, naphthylene, biphenylylene, anthrylene,
perylenylene, pyrenylene and the like. The substituents therefor
include an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group
having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a cyano group and the like. The above
electron transmitting compounds have preferably a thin film-forming
property.
[0147] The following compounds can be given as the specific
examples of the electron transmitting compounds described above:
##STR56##
[0148] Further, Compounds represented by the following Formulas (A)
to (F) can also be used as the materials used for the electron
injecting layer and the electron transporting layer.
[0149] Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative represented by:
##STR57## (in Formulas (A) and (B), A.sup.1 to A.sup.3 each are
independently a nitrogen atom or a carbon atom; in Formula (A),
Ar.sup.1 is a substituted or non-substituted aryl group having 6 to
60 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or non-substituted heteroaryl
group having 3 to 60 ring carbon atoms; in Formula (B), Ar.sup.1 is
a divalent arylene group into which Ar.sup.1 in Formula (A) is
converted; Ar.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 ring
carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1
to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group
having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a divalent group thereof; provided
that either one of Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 is a substituted or
non-substituted fused ring group having 10 to 60 ring carbon atoms
or a substituted or non-substituted monohetero fused ring group
having 3 to 60 ring carbon atoms or a divalent group thereof;
L.sub.1, L.sub.2 and L each are independently a single bond, a
substituted or non-substituted arylene group having 6 to 60 ring
carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted heteroarylene group
having 3 to 60 ring carbon atoms or a substituted or
non-substituted fluorenylene group; R is a hydrogen atom, a
substituted or non-substituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring
carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted heteroaryl group
having 3 to 60 ring carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted
alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a substituted or
non-substituted alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms; n is an
integer of 0 to 5; when n is 2 or more, plural R's may be the same
or different, and adjacent plural R's may be combined with each
other to form a carbocyclic aliphatic ring or a carbocyclic
aromatic ring; R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group having 6 to 60 ring carbon atoms, a
substituted or non-substituted heteroaryl group having 3 to 60 ring
carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1
to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group
having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or -L-Ar.sup.1--Ar.sup.2).
[0150] Nitrogen-containing heterocyclic derivative represented by:
HAr-L-Ar.sup.1--Ar.sup.2 (C) (wherein HAr is a nitrogen-containing
heterocycle having 3 to 40 carbon atoms which may have a
substituent; L is a single bond, an arylene group having 6 to 60
carbon atoms which may have a substituent, a heteroarylene group
having 3 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or a
fluorenylene group which may have a substituent; Ar.sup.1 is a
divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 60 carbon atoms
which may have a substituent; and Ar.sup.2 is an aryl group having
6 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a substituent or a heteroaryl
group having 3 to 60 carbon atoms which may have a
substituent).
[0151] Silacyclopentadiene derivative represented by: ##STR58##
(wherein X and Y each are independently a saturated or unsaturated
hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, an
alkenyloxy group, an alkynyloxy group, a hydroxy group, a
substituted or non-substituted aryl group, a substituted or
non-substituted heterocycle or a structure in which X is combined
with Y to form a saturated or unsaturated ring; R.sup.1 to R.sup.4
each are independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a
substituted or non-substituted alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon
atoms, an alkoxy group, an aryloxy group, a perfluoroalkyl group, a
perfluoroalkoxy group, an amino group, an alkylcarbonyl group, an
arylcarbonyl group, an alkoxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl
group, an azo group, an alkylcarbonyloxy group, an arylcarbonyloxy
group, an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, an aryloxycarbonyloxy group, a
sulfinyl group, a sulfonyl group, a sulfanyl group, a silyl group,
a carbamoyl group, an aryl group, a heterocyclic group, an alkenyl
group, an alkynyl group, a nitro group, a formyl group, a nitroso
group, a formyloxy group, an isocyano group, a cyanate group, an
isocyanate group, a thiocyanate group, an isothiocyanate group, a
cyano group or a structure in which when two substituents are
adjacent, they are bonded with each other to form a substituted or
non-substituted, saturated or unsaturated ring).
[0152] Borane derivative represented by: ##STR59## (wherein R.sub.1
to R.sub.8 and Z.sub.2 each represent independently a hydrogen
atom, a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon group, an aromatic
group, a heterocyclic group, a substituted amino group, a
substituted boryl group, an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group; X, Y
and Z.sub.1 each represent independently a saturated or unsaturated
hydrocarbon group, an aromatic group, a heterocyclic group, a
substituted amino group, an alkoxy group or an aryloxy group;
substituents of Z.sub.1 and Z.sub.2 may be combined with each other
to form a fused ring; n represents an integer of 1 to 3, and when n
is 2 or more, Z.sub.1's may be different; provided that a case in
which n is 1 and X, Y and R.sub.2 are methyl and in which R.sub.8
is a hydrogen atom or a substituted boryl group and a case in which
n is 3 and in which Z.sub.1 is methyl are not included therein).
##STR60## [wherein Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2 each represent independently
a ligand represented by the following Formula (G), and L represents
a halogen atom, a substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a
substituted or non-substituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group, a substituted or non-substituted
heterocyclic group, --OR.sup.1 (R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, a
substituted or non-substituted alkyl group, a substituted or
non-substituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or non-substituted
aryl group or a substituted or non-substituted heterocyclic group)
or a ligand represented by --O--Ga-Q.sup.3(Q.sup.4) (Q.sup.3 and
Q.sup.4 are the same as Q.sup.1 and Q.sup.2)]: ##STR61## [wherein
rings A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 assume a six-membered aryl ring structure
which may have a substituent and in which they are fused with each
other].
[0153] The above metal complex has a strong property of an n type
semiconductor and is provided with a large electron injecting
ability. Further, since it has low production energy in forming the
complex, a bonding property between the metal and the ligand in the
metal complex formed becomes firm, and a fluorescence quantum
efficiency thereof as the light emitting material grows larger as
well.
[0154] The specific examples of substituents for the rings A.sup.1
and A.sup.2 forming the ligand represented by Formula (G) include a
halogen atom such as chlorine, bromine, iodine and fluorine, a
substituted or non-substituted alkyl group such as methyl, ethyl,
propyl, butyl, s-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl,
stearyl, trichloromethyl and the like, a substituted or
non-substituted aryl group such as phenyl, naphthyl,
3-methylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 3-fluorophenyl,
3-trichloromethylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-nitrophenyl and
the like, a substituted or non-substituted alkoxy group such as
methoxy, n-butoxy, t-butoxy, trichloromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy,
pentafluoropropoxy, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropoxy,
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propoxy, 6-(perfluoroethyl)hexyloxy and
the like, a substituted or non-substituted aryloxy group such as
phenoxy, p-nitrophenoxy, p-t-butylphenoxy, 3-fluorophenoxy,
pentafluorophenoxy, 3-trifluoromethylphenoxy and the like, a
substituted or non-substituted alkylthio group such as methylthio,
ethylthio, t-butylthio, hexylthio, octylthio, trifluoromethylthio
and the like, a substituted or non-substituted arylthio group such
as phenylthio, p-nitrophenylthio, p-t-butylphenylthio,
3-fluorophenylthio, pentafluorophenylthio,
3-trifluoromethylphenylthio and the like, a cyano group, a nitro
group, an amino group, a mono- or disubstituted amino group such as
methylamino, diethylamino, ethylamino, diethylamino, dipropylamino,
dibutylamino, diphenylamino and the like, an acylamino group such
as bis(acetoxymethyl)amino, bis(acetoxyethyl)amino,
bis(acetoxypropyl)amino, bis(acetoxybutyl)amino and the like, a
hydroxyl group, a siloxy group, an acyl group, a carbamoyl group
such as methylcarbamoyl, dimethylcarbamoyl, ethylcarbamoyl,
diethylcarbamoyl, propylcarbamoyl, butylcarbamoyl, phenylcarbamoyl
and the like, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group, an
imide group, a cycloalkyl group such as cyclopentane, cyclohexyl
and the like, an aryl group such as phenyl, naphthyl, biphenylyl,
anthryl, phenanthryl, fluorenyl, pyrenyl and the like and a
heterocyclic group such as pyridinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl,
pyridazinyl, triazinyl, indolinyl, quinolinyl, acridinyl,
pyrrolidinyl, dioxanyl, piperidinyl, morpholidinyl, piperazinyl,
carbazolyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, oxazolyl, oxadiazolyl,
benzoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, benzothiazolyl, triazolyl,
imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, furanyl and the like. Further, the
substituents described above may be combined with each other to
form six-membered aryl rings or heterocycles.
[0155] The preferred mode of the organic EL device of the present
invention includes a device containing a reducing dopant in the
region which transports an electron or an interfacial region
between the cathode and the organic layer. In this case, the
reducing dopant is defined by a substance which can reduce an
electron transporting compound. Accordingly, various compounds can
be used as long as they have a certain reducing property, and
capable of being suitably used is at least one substance selected
from the group consisting of, for example, alkali metals, alkaline
earth metals, rare earth metals, oxides of alkali metals, halides
of alkali metals, oxides of alkaline earth metals, halides of
alkaline earth metals, oxides of rare earth metals or halides of
rare earth metals, organic complexes of alkali metals, organic
complexes of alkaline earth metals and organic complexes of rare
earth metals.
[0156] To be more specific, the preferred reducing dopant includes
at least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of Li
(work function: 2.9 eV), Na (work function: 2.36 eV), K (work
function: 2.28 eV), Rb (work function: 2.16 eV) and Cs (work
function: 1.95 eV) and at least one alkali earth metal selected
from the group consisting of Ca (work function: 2.9 eV), Sr (work
function: 2.0 to 2.5 eV) and Ba (work function: 2.52 eV), and the
compounds having a work function of 2.9 eV or less are particularly
preferred. Among them, the more preferred reducing dopant is at
least one alkali metal selected from the group consisting of K, Rb
and Cs, and it is more preferably Rb or Cs. It is most preferably
Cs. The above alkali metals have a particularly high reducing
ability, and addition of a relatively small amount thereof to the
electron injecting zone makes it possible to raise a light emitting
luminance in the organic EL device and extend a lifetime thereof.
The combination of two or more kinds of the above alkali metals is
preferred as the reducing dopant having a work function of 2.9 eV
or less, and particularly preferred is the combination containing
Cs, for example, the combination of Cs with Na, Cs with K, Cs with
Rb or Cs with Na and K. Containing Cs in combination makes it
possible to efficiently exhibit the reducing ability, and addition
thereof to the electron injecting zone makes it possible to enhance
a light emitting luminance in the organic EL device and extend a
lifetime thereof.
[0157] In the present invention, an electron injecting layer
constituted from an insulator and a semiconductor may further be
provided between the cathode and the organic layer. In this case,
an electric current can effectively be prevented from leaking to
enhance the electron injecting property. Preferably used as the
above insulator is at least one metal compound selected from the
group consisting of alkali metal chalcogenides, alkaline earth
metal chalcogenides, halides of alkali metals and halides of
alkaline earth metals. If the electron injecting layer is
constituted from the above alkali metal chalcogenides and the like,
it is preferred from the viewpoint that the electron injecting
property can further be enhanced. To be specific, the preferred
alkali metal chalcogenides include, for example, Li.sub.2O,
K.sub.2O, Na.sub.2S, Na.sub.2Se and Na.sub.2O, and the preferred
alkaline earth metal chalcogenides include, for example, CaO, BaO,
SrO, BeO, BaS and CaSe. Also, the preferred halides of alkali
metals include, for example, LiF, NaF, KF, LiCl, KCl and NaCl.
Further, the preferred halides of alkaline earth metals include,
for example, fluorides such as CaF.sub.2, BaF.sub.2, SrF.sub.2,
MgF.sub.2 and BeF.sub.2 and halides other than the fluorides.
[0158] The semiconductor constituting the electron transporting
layer includes a single kind of oxides, nitrides or nitride oxides
containing at least one element of Ba, Ca, Sr, Yb, Al, Ga, In, Li,
Na, Cd, Mg, Si, Ta, Sb and Zn or combinations of two or more kinds
thereof. The inorganic compound constituting the electron
transporting layer is preferably a crystallite or amorphous
insulating thin film. If the electron transporting layer is
constituted from the above insulating thin film, the more
homogeneous thin film is formed, and therefore picture element
defects such as dark spots can be reduced. The above inorganic
compound includes the alkali metal chalcogenides, the alkaline
earth metal chalcogenides, the halides of alkali metals and the
halides of alkaline earth metals each described above.
(7) Cathode
[0159] Cathodes prepared by using metals, alloys, electroconductive
compounds and mixtures thereof each having a small work function (4
eV or less) for electrode materials are used as the cathode in
order to inject electrons into the electron injecting and
transporting layer or the light emitting layer. The specific
examples of the above electrode materials include sodium,
sodium.potassium alloys, magnesium, lithium, magnesium.silver
alloys, aluminum/aluminum oxide, aluminum.lithium alloys, indium,
rare earth metals and the like.
[0160] The above cathode can be prepared by forming a thin film
from the above electrode materials by a method such as vapor
deposition, sputtering and the like.
[0161] In this respect, when light emitted from the light emitting
layer is taken out from the cathode, a light transmittance of the
cathode based on light emitted is preferably larger than 10%.
[0162] A sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several
hundred .OMEGA./.quadrature. or less, and a film thickness thereof
is usually 10 nm to 1 .mu.m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
(8) Insulating Layer
[0163] The organic EL device is liable to cause picture element
defects by leak and short since an electric field is applied to a
ultrathin film. In order to prevent the above matter, an insulating
thin film layer is preferably interposed between a pair of the
electrodes.
[0164] A material used for the insulating layer includes, for
example, aluminum oxide, lithium fluoride, lithium oxide, cesium
fluoride, cesium oxide, magnesium oxide, magnesium fluoride,
calcium oxide, calcium fluoride, aluminum nitride, titanium oxide,
silicon oxide, germanium oxide, silicon nitride, boron nitride,
molybdenum oxide, ruthenium oxide, vanadium oxide and the like, and
mixtures and laminates thereof may be used as well.
(9) Production Process for Organic EL Device
[0165] According to the materials and the forming methods which
have been shown above as the examples, the anode, the light
emitting layer, if necessary, the hole injecting and transporting
layer and, if necessary, the electron injecting and transporting
layer are formed, and further the cathode is formed, whereby the
organic EL device can be prepared. Also, the organic EL device can
be prepared as well in an order of from the cathode to the anode
which is reverse to the order described above.
[0166] A preparation example of an organic EL device having a
structure in which an anode/a hole injecting layer/a light emitting
layer/an electron injecting layer/a cathode are provided in order
on a light transmitting substrate shall be described below.
[0167] First, a thin film comprising an anode material is formed on
a suitable light transmitting substrate by a method such as vapor
deposition, sputtering and the like so that a film thickness
falling in a range of 1 .mu.m or less, preferably 10 to 200 nm is
obtained, whereby an anode is prepared. Next, a hole injecting
layer is provided on the above anode. The hole injecting layer can
be formed, as described above, by a method such as a vacuum vapor
deposition method, a spin coating method, a casting method, an LB
method and the like, and it is formed preferably by the vacuum
vapor deposition method from the viewpoints that the homogeneous
film is liable to be obtained and that pinholes are less liable to
be produced. When forming the hole injecting layer by the vacuum
vapor deposition method, the depositing conditions thereof are
varied according to the compounds used (materials for the hole
injecting layer), the crystal structure of the targeted hole
injecting layer and the recombination structure, and in general,
they are suitably selected preferably in the ranges of a depositing
source temperature of 50 to 450.degree. C., a vacuum degree of
10.sup.-7 to 10.sup.-3 Torr, a depositing speed of 0.01 to 50
nm/second, a substrate temperature of -50 to 300.degree. C. and a
film thickness of 5 nm to 5 .mu.m.
[0168] Next, a light emitting layer can be formed on the hole
injecting layer by making a thin film from the desired organic
light emitting material by a method such as a vacuum vapor
deposition method, sputtering, a spin coating method, a casting
method and the like, and it is formed preferably by the vacuum
vapor deposition method from the viewpoints that the homogeneous
film is liable to be obtained and that pinholes are less liable to
be produced. When forming the light emitting layer by the vacuum
vapor deposition method, the depositing conditions thereof are
varied according to the compounds used, and in general, they can be
selected from the same condition ranges as in the hole injecting
layer.
[0169] Next, an electron injecting layer is provided on the above
light emitting layer. It is formed preferably by the vacuum vapor
deposition method as in the case with the hole injecting layer and
the light emitting layer since the homogeneous film has to be
obtained. The depositing conditions thereof can be selected from
the same condition ranges as in the hole injecting layer and the
light emitting layer.
[0170] The aromatic amine derivative of the present invention can
be codeposited together with the other materials, though varied
depending on that it is added to any layer of the light emitting
zone and the hole transporting zone, when using the vacuum vapor
deposition method. When using the spin coating method, it can be
added by mixing with the other materials.
[0171] Lastly, a cathode is laminated, whereby an organic EL device
can be obtained.
[0172] The cathode is constituted from metal, and therefore the
vapor deposition method and the sputtering method can be used.
However, the vacuum vapor deposition method is preferred in order
to protect the organic substance layer of the base from being
damaged in making the film.
[0173] The above organic EL device is preferably prepared serially
from the anode up to the cathode after vacuuming once.
[0174] The forming methods of the respective layers in the organic
EL device of the present invention shall not specifically be
restricted, and forming methods carried out by a vacuum vapor
deposition method, a spin coating method and the like which have so
far publicly been known can be used. The organic thin film layer
containing the compound represented by Formula (1) described above
which is used for the organic EL device of the present invention
can be formed by a publicly known method carried out by a vacuum
vapor deposition method, a molecular beam epitaxy method (MBE
method) and a coating method such as a dipping method using a
solution prepared by dissolving the compound in a solvent, a spin
coating method, a casting method, a bar coating method and a roll
coating method.
[0175] The film thicknesses of the respective organic layers in the
organic EL device of the present invention shall not specifically
be restricted, and in general, if the film thicknesses are too
small, defects such as pinholes are liable to be caused. On the
other hand, if they are too large, high voltage has to be applied,
and the efficiency is deteriorated, so that they fall usually in a
range of preferably several nm to 1 .mu.m.
[0176] When applying a direct voltage to the organic EL device,
light emission can be observed by applying a voltage of 5 to 40 V
setting a polarity of the anode to plus and that of the cathode to
minus. An electric current does not flow by applying a voltage at a
reverse polarity, and light emission is not caused at all. Further,
when applying an AC voltage, uniform light emission can be observed
only when the anode has a plus polarity and the cathode has a minus
polarity. A waveform of an alternating current applied may be
optional.
EXAMPLES
[0177] The present invention shall be explained below in further
details with reference to synthetic examples and examples.
Intermediates 1 to 21 produced in Synthetic Examples 1 to 21 have
the following structures: ##STR62## ##STR63## ##STR64##
Synthetic Example 1
Synthesis of Intermediate 1
[0178] A three neck flask of 1000 mL was charged with 47 g of
4-bromobiphenyl, 23 g of iodine, 9.4 g of periodic acid dihydrate,
42 ml of water, 360 mL of acetic acid and 11 mL of sulfuric acid
under argon flow, and the mixture was stirred at 65.degree. C. for
30 minutes and then reacted at 90.degree. C. for 6 hours. The
reaction product was poured into ice and water and filtered. The
filtered matter was washed with water and then with methanol,
whereby 67 g of a white powder was obtained. The principal peaks of
m/z=358 and 360 versus C.sub.12H.sub.15BrI=359 were obtained by
analysis of FD-MS (field desorption mass spectrum), and therefore
it was identified as Intermediate 1.
Synthetic Example 2
Synthesis of Intermediate 2
[0179] A three neck flask of 300 mL was charged with 10 g of
p-terphenyl, 12 g of iodine, 4.9 g of periodic acid dihydrate, 20
mL of water, 170 mL of acetic acid and 22 mL of sulfuric acid under
argon flow, and the mixture was stirred at 65.degree. C. for 30
minutes and then reacted at 90.degree. C. for 6 hours. The reaction
product was poured into ice and water and filtered. The filtered
matter was washed with water and then with methanol, whereby 18 g
of a white powder was obtained. The principal peak of m/z=482
versus C.sub.18H.sub.12I.sub.2=482 was obtained by analysis of
FD-MS, and therefore it was identified as Intermediate 2.
Synthetic Example 3
Synthesis of Intermediate 3
[0180] A reaction vessel of 50 L was charged with 750 g of
phenylboronic acid, 1000 g of 2-bromothiophene, 142 g of
tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4), 9 L of
a 2 M solution of sodium carbonate (Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) and 15 L of
dimethoxyethane under argon flow, and then they were reacted at
80.degree. C. for 8 hours. The reaction solution was extracted with
toluene/water, and the extract was dried on anhydrous sodium
sulfate. This was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a crude
product obtained was refined through a column, whereby 786 g of a
white powder was obtained.
[0181] A reaction vessel of 20 L was charged with 786 g of the
compound obtained above and 8 L of DMF (dimethylforamide) under
argon flow, and then 960 g of NBS (N-bromosuccinimide) was slowly
added thereto to carry out reaction at room temperature for 12
hours. The reaction solution was extracted with hexane/water, and
the extract was dried on anhydrous sodium sulfate. This was
concentrated under reduced pressure, and a crude product obtained
was refined through a column, whereby 703 g of a white powder was
obtained. It was identified as Intermediate 3 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 4
Synthesis of Intermediate 4
[0182] A reaction vessel of 20 L was charged with 703 g of
Intermediate 3 and 7 L of anhydrous THF (tetrahydrofuran) under
argon flow and cooled down to -30.degree. C. n-Butyhllithium
(n-BuLi, 1.6 M hexane solution) 2.3 L was added thereto to carry
out reaction for one hour. After cooled down to -70.degree. C.,
1658 g of triisopropyl borate (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo
Co., Ltd.) was added thereto. The solution was slowly heated and
stirred at room temperature for one hour. A 10% hydrochloric acid
solution 1.7 L was added thereto and stirred. The reaction solution
was extracted with ethyl acetate and water, and the organic layer
was washed with water. The organic layer was dried on anhydrous
sodium sulfate, and the solvent was removed by distillation. The
residue was washed with hexane, whereby 359 g of a white powder was
obtained.
[0183] A reaction vessel of 20 L was charged with 506 g of
5-phenyl-2-thiopheneboronic acid obtained above, 600 g of
4-iodobromobenzene, 41 g of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium
(Pd(PPh.sub.3).sub.4), 2.6 L of a 2 M solution of sodium carbonate
(Na.sub.2CO.sub.3) and 10 L of dimethoxyethane under argon flow,
and then they were reacted at 80.degree. C. for 8 hours. The
reaction solution was extracted with toluene/water, and the extract
was dried on anhydrous sodium sulfate. This was concentrated under
reduced pressure, and a crude product obtained was refined through
a column, whereby 277 g of a white powder was obtained. It was
identified as Intermediate 4 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 5
Synthesis of Intermediate 5
[0184] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
synthesis of Intermediate 4, Intermediate 1 was used in place of
4-iodobromobenzene, whereby 342 g of a white powder was obtained.
It was identified as Intermediate 5 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 6
Synthesis of Intermediate 6
[0185] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
synthesis of Intermediate 4,5-methyl-2-thiopheneboronic acid was
used in place of 5-phenyl-2-thiopheneboronic acid, whereby 203 g of
a white powder was obtained. It was identified as Intermediate 6 by
analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 7
Synthesis of Intermediate 8
[0186] A flask was charged with 5.5 g of aniline, 15.7 g of
Intermediate 4, 6.8 g of sodium t-butoxide (manufactured by
Hiroshima Wako Co., Ltd.), 0.46 g of
tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (manufactured by Aldrich
Co., Ltd.) and 300 mL of anhydrous toluene under argon flow to
carry out reaction at 80.degree. C. for 8 hours. After cooling
down, 500 mL of water was added thereto, and the mixture was
filtered through celite. The filtrate was extracted with toluene,
and the extract was dried on anhydrous magnesium sulfate. This was
concentrated under reduced pressure, and a crude product obtained
was refined through a column and recrystallized from toluene. It
was separated by filtration and then dried, whereby 10.8 g of a
pale yellow powder was obtained. It was identified as Intermediate
8 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 8
Synthesis of Intermediate 9
[0187] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
synthesis of Intermediate 8, Intermediate 6 was used in place of
Intermediate 4, whereby 7.3 g of a white powder was obtained. It
was identified as Intermediate 9 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 9
Synthesis of Intermediate 11
[0188] A flask was charged with 185 g of acetamide (manufactured by
Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 315 g of Intermediate 4 (manufactured
by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 544 g of potassium
carbonate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.),
12.5 g of copper powder (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) and 2 L of decalin under argon flow to carry out
reaction at 190.degree. C. for 4 days. The reaction solution was
cooled down after finishing the reaction, and 2 L of toluene was
added to obtain insoluble matters by filtration. The filtered
matter was dissolved in 4.5 L of chloroform to remove insoluble
matters, and then the solution was subjected to treatment with
activated carbon and concentrated. Acetone 3 L was added thereto to
obtain 175 g of deposited crystal by filtration.
[0189] This was suspended in 5 L of ethylene glycol (manufactured
by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 50 mL of water, and 210
g of a 85% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was added thereto,
followed by carrying out reaction at 120.degree. C. for 8 hours.
After finishing the reaction, the reaction liquid was poured into
10 L of water, and deposited crystal was obtained by filtration and
washed with water and methanol. The crystal thus obtained was
dissolved in 3 L of tetrahydrofuran by heating. The solution was
treated with activated carbon and then concentrated, and acetone
was added thereto to deposit crystal. This was separated by
filtration to obtain 145 g of a white powder. It was identified as
Intermediate 11 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 10
Synthesis of Intermediate 12
[0190] A flask was charged with 185 g of acetamide (manufactured by
Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 253 g of 4-bromobiphenyl
(manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 544 g of
potassium carbonate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,
Ltd.), 12.5 g of copper powder (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) and 2 L of decalin under argon flow to carry out
reaction at 190.degree. C. for 4 days. The reaction solution was
cooled down after finishing the reaction, and 2 L of toluene was
added to obtain insoluble matters by filtration. The filtered
matter was dissolved in 4.5 L of chloroform to remove insoluble
matters, and then the solution was subjected to treatment with
activated carbon and concentrated. Acetone 3 L was added thereto to
obtain 205 g of deposited crystal by filtration.
[0191] Added thereto were 177 g of Intermediate 4, 380 g of
potassium carbonate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,
Ltd.), 8.8 g of copper powder (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) and 2 L of decalin, and they were reacted at
190.degree. C. for 4 days. The reaction solution was cooled down
after finishing the reaction, and 1.4 L of toluene was added to
obtain insoluble matters by filtration. The filtered matter was
dissolved in 3 L of chloroform to remove insoluble matters, and
then the solution was subjected to treatment with activated carbon
and concentrated. Acetone 3 L was added thereto to obtain 224 g of
deposited crystal by filtration. This was suspended in 3.5 L of
ethylene glycol (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,
Ltd.) and 35 mL of water, and 147 g of a 85% potassium hydroxide
aqueous solution was added thereto, followed by carrying out
reaction at 120.degree. C. for 8 hours. After finishing the
reaction, the reaction liquid was poured into 10 L of water, and
deposited crystal was obtained by filtration and washed with water
and methanol. The crystal thus obtained was dissolved in 3 L of
tetrahydrofuran by heating. The solution was treated with activated
carbon and then concentrated, and acetone was added thereto to
deposit crystal. This was separated by filtration to obtain 141 g
of a white powder. It was identified as Intermediate 12 by analysis
of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 11
Synthesis of Intermediate 13
[0192] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
synthesis of Intermediate 11, an amount of Intermediate 4 was
changed from 315 g to 630 g, whereby 240 g of a white powder was
obtained. It was identified as Intermediate 13 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 12
Synthesis of Intermediate 14
[0193] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
synthesis of Intermediate 13, Intermediate 6 was used in place of
Intermediate 4, whereby 140 g of a white powder was obtained. It
was identified as Intermediate 14 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 13
Synthesis of Intermediate 16
[0194] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
synthesis of Intermediate 8, Intermediate 11 was used in place of
aniline and that 1-bromonaphthalene was used in place of
Intermediate 4, whereby 12 g of a white powder was obtained. It was
identified as Intermediate 16 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 14
Synthesis of Intermediate 17
[0195] A flask was charged with 185 g of acetamide (manufactured by
Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 315 g of Intermediate 4 (manufactured
by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 544 g of potassium
carbonate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.),
12.5 g of copper powder (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) and 2 L of decalin under argon flow to carry out
reaction at 190.degree. C. for 4 days. The reaction solution was
cooled down after finishing the reaction, and 2 L of toluene was
added to obtain insoluble matters by filtration. The filtered
matter was dissolved in 4.5 L of chloroform to remove insoluble
matters, and then the solution was subjected to treatment with
activated carbon and concentrated. Acetone 3 L was added thereto to
obtain 175 g of deposited crystal by filtration.
[0196] Added thereto were 120 g of 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl
(manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 163 g of
potassium carbonate (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,
Ltd.), 3.8 g of copper powder (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) and 600 mL of decalin, and they were reacted at
190.degree. C. for 4 days.
[0197] The reaction solution was cooled down after finishing the
reaction, and 600 mL of toluene was added thereto to obtain
insoluble matters by filtration. The filtered matter was dissolved
in 1.4 L of chloroform to remove insoluble matters, and then the
solution was subjected to treatment with activated carbon and
concentrated. Acetone 1 L was added thereto to obtain 382 g of
deposited crystal by filtration.
[0198] This was suspended in 1.5 L of ethylene glycol (manufactured
by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 15 mL of water, and 44
g of a 85% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was added thereto,
followed by carrying out reaction at 120.degree. C. for 8 hours.
After finishing the reaction, the reaction liquid was poured into
10 L of water, and deposited crystal was obtained by filtration and
washed with water and methanol. The crystal thus obtained was
dissolved in 1 L of tetrahydrofuran by heating. The solution was
treated with activated carbon and then concentrated, and acetone
was added thereto to deposit crystal. This was separated by
filtration to obtain 130 g of a white powder. It was identified as
Intermediate 17 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 15
Synthesis of Intermediate 18
[0199] A flask was charged with 547 g of 1-acetamidenaphthalene
(manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 400 g of
4,4'-diiodobiphenyl (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries,
Ltd.), 544 g of potassium carbonate (manufactured by Wako Pure
Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 12.5 g of copper powder (manufactured
by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 2 L of decalin under
argon flow to carry out reaction at 190.degree. C. for 4 days.
[0200] The reaction solution was cooled down after finishing the
reaction, and 2 L of toluene was added thereto to obtain insoluble
matters by filtration. The filtered matter was dissolved in 4.5 L
of chloroform to remove insoluble matters, and then it was
subjected to treatment with activated carbon and concentrated.
Acetone 3 L was added thereto to obtain 382 g of deposited crystal
by filtration. This was suspended in 5 L of ethylene glycol
(manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.) and 50 mL of
water, and 145 g of a 85% potassium hydroxide aqueous solution was
added thereto, followed by carrying out reaction at 120.degree. C.
for 8 hours. After finishing the reaction, the reaction liquid was
poured into 10 L of water, and deposited crystal was obtained by
filtration and washed with water and methanol. The crystal thus
obtained was dissolved in 3 L of tetrahydrofuran by heating. The
solution was treated with activated carbon and then concentrated,
and acetone was added thereto to deposit crystal. This was
separated by filtration to obtain 264 g of a white powder. It was
identified as Intermediate 18 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 16
Synthesis of Intermediate 19
[0201] A flask was charged with 5.1 g of diphenylamine, 10.8 g of
Intermediate 1, 3 g of sodium t-butoxide (manufactured by Hiroshima
Wako Co., Ltd.), 0.5 g of bis(triphenyl-phosphine)palladium(II)
chloride (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and 500 mL
of xylene under argon flow to carry out reaction at 130.degree. C.
for 24 hours.
[0202] After cooling down, 1000 mL of water was added thereto, and
the mixture was filtered through celite. The filtrate was extracted
with toluene, and the extract was dried on anhydrous magnesium
sulfate. This was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a crude
product obtained was refined through a column and recrystallized
from toluene. It was separated by filtration and then dried,
whereby 3.4 g of a pale yellow powder was obtained. It was
identified as Intermediate 19 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 17
Synthesis of Intermediate 20
[0203] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
synthesis of Intermediate 19, 4-iodobromobenzene was used in place
of Intermediate 1, whereby 2.8 g of a white powder was obtained. It
was identified as Intermediate 20 by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Example 18
Synthesis of Intermediate 21
[0204] A three neck flask of 200 mL was charged with 20.0 g of
4-bromobiphenyl (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.), 8.64
g of sodium t-butoxide (manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical
Industries, Ltd.) and 84 mg of palladium acetate (manufactured by
Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd.). Further, a stirring rod was
put therein, and rubber caps were set at both sides of the flask. A
condenser for refluxing was set in the neck of the center, and a
three-way cock and a balloon charged with argon gas were set
thereon to substitute the inside of the system three times with the
argon gas in the balloon by means of a vacuum pump.
[0205] Next, 120 mL of anhydrous toluene (manufactured by Hiroshima
Wako Co., Ltd.), 4.08 mL of benzylamine (manufactured by Tokyo
Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and 338 .mu.L of tris-t-butylphsosphine (a
2.22 mol/L toluene solution, manufactured by Aldrich Co., Ltd.)
were added thereto through a rubber septum by means of a syringe
and stirred at room temperature for 5 minutes. Next, the flask was
set on an oil bath and gradually heated up to 120.degree. C. while
stirring the solution. After 7 hours passed, the flask was taken
off from the oil bath to terminate the reaction, and it was left
standing for 12 hours under argon atmosphere. The reaction solution
was transferred into a separating funnel, and 600 mL of
dichloromethane was added thereto to dissolve the precipitate. The
solution was washed with 120 mL of a saturated brine, and then the
organic layer was dried on anhydrous potassium carbonate. The
solvent of the organic layer obtained by removing potassium
carbonate by filtration was removed by distillation, and 400 mL of
toluene and 80 mL of ethanol were added to the resulting residue.
The flask to which a drying tube was mounted was heated to
80.degree. C. to completely dissolve the residue. Then, the flask
was left standing for 12 hours and slowly cooled down to room
temperature to thereby expedite recrystallization. Deposited
crystal was separated by filtration and dried under vacuum at
60.degree. C., whereby 13.5 g of N,N-di-(4-biphenylyl)benzylamine
was obtained. A single neck flask of 300 mL was charged with 1.35 g
of N,N-di-(4-biphenylyl)benzylamine and 135 mg of
palladium-activated carbon (palladium content: 10% by weight,
manufactured by Hiroshima Wako Co., Ltd.), and 100 mL of chloroform
and 20 mL of ethanol were added to dissolve it. Next, a stirring
rod was put in the flask, and then a three-way cock which was
equipped with a balloon filled with 2 L of hydrogen gas was mounted
to the flask. The inside of the flask was substituted 10 times with
hydrogen gas by means of a vacuum pump. Lost hydrogen gas was newly
filled to set a volume of hydrogen gas again to 2 L, and then the
solution was vigorously stirred at room temperature. After stirring
for 30 hours, 100 mL of dichloromethane was added thereto, and the
catalyst was separated by filtration. Next, the solution obtained
was transferred into a separating funnel and washed with 50 mL of a
sodium hydrogencarbonate saturated aqueous solution, and then the
organic layer was separated and dried on anhydrous potassium
carbonate. After filtered, the solvent was removed by distillation,
and 50 mL of toluene was added to the resulting residue to carry
out recrystallization. Deposited crystal was separated by
filtration and dried under vacuum at 50.degree. C., whereby 0.99 g
of di-4-biphenylylamine was obtained.
[0206] A flask was charged with 10 g of di-4-biphenylylamine, 9.7 g
of 4,4'-dibromobiphenyl (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co.,
Ltd.), 3 g of sodium t-butoxide (manufactured by Hiroshima Wako
Co., Ltd.), 0.5 g of bis(triphenylphosphine)-palladium(II) chloride
(manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) and 500 mL of xylene
under argon flow to carry out reaction at 130.degree. C. for 24
hours. After cooling down, 1000 mL of water was added thereto, and
the mixture was filtered through celite. The filtrate was extracted
with toluene, and the extract was dried on anhydrous magnesium
sulfate. This was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a crude
product obtained was refined through a column and recrystallized
from toluene. It was separated by filtration and then dried,
whereby 9.1 g of 4'-bromo-N,N-dibiphenylyl-4-amino-1,1'-biphenyl
(Intermediate 21) shown below was obtained.
[0207] Shown below are the structures of compounds H1 to H.sub.2O
which are the aromatic amine derivatives of the present invention
produced in Synthetic Practical Examples 1 to 20: ##STR65##
##STR66## ##STR67## ##STR68## ##STR69## ##STR70##
Synthetic Practical Example 1
Synthesis of Compound H1
[0208] A flask was charged with 3.4 g of N,N'-diphenylbenzidine,
6.6 g of Intermediate 4, 2.6 g of sodium t-butoxide (manufactured
by Hiroshima Wako Co., Ltd.), 92 mg of
tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (manufactured by Aldrich
Co., Ltd.), 42 mg of tri-t-butylphosphine and 100 mL of anhydrous
toluene under argon flow to carry out reaction at 80.degree. C. for
8 hours.
[0209] After cooling down, 500 mL of water was added thereto, and
the mixture was filtered through celite. The filtrate was extracted
with toluene, and the extract was dried on anhydrous magnesium
sulfate. This was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a crude
product obtained was refined through a column and recrystallized
from toluene. It was separated by filtration and then dried,
whereby 4.8 g of a pale yellow powder was obtained. It was
identified as the compound H1 by analysis of FD-MS (field
desorption mass spectrum).
Synthetic Practical Example 2
Synthesis of Compound H2
[0210] A flask was charged with 4.1 g of 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl, 8.4 g
of Intermediate 12, 2.6 g of sodium t-butoxide (manufactured by
Hiroshima Wako Co., Ltd.), 92 mg of
tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (manufactured by Aldrich
Co., Ltd.), 42 mg of tri-t-butylphosphine and 100 mL of anhydrous
toluene under argon flow to carry out reaction at 80.degree. C. for
8 hours.
[0211] After cooling down, 500 mL of water was added thereto, and
the mixture was filtered through celite. The filtrate was extracted
with toluene, and the extract was dried on anhydrous magnesium
sulfate. This was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a crude
product obtained was refined through a column and recrystallized
from toluene. It was separated by filtration and then dried,
whereby 4.8 g of a pale yellow powder was obtained. It was
identified as the compound H2 by analysis of FD-MS (field
desorption mass spectrum).
Synthetic Practical Example 3
Synthesis of Compound H3
[0212] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 1, 4.4 g of Intermediate 18 was used in
place of N,N'-diphenylbenzidine, whereby 5.1 g of a pale yellow
powder was obtained. It was identified as the compound H3 by
analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 4
Synthesis of Compound H4
[0213] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 1, 8.1 g of Intermediate 5 was used in
place of Intermediate 4, whereby 5.3 g of a pale yellow powder was
obtained. It was identified as the compound H4 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 5
Synthesis of Compound H5
[0214] A flask was charged with 8.1 g of Intermediate 12, 11.0 g of
Intermediate 21, 2.6 g of sodium t-butoxide (manufactured by
Hiroshima Wako Co., Ltd.), 92 mg of
tris(dibenzylidene-acetone)dipalladium(0) (manufactured by Aldrich
Co., Ltd.), 42 mg of tri-t-butylphosphine and 100 mL of dehydrated
toluene under argon flow to carry out reaction at 80.degree. C. for
8 hours. After cooling down, 500 mL of water was added thereto, and
the mixture was filtered through celite. The filtrate was extracted
with toluene, and the extract was dried on anhydrous magnesium
sulfate. This was concentrated under reduced pressure, and a crude
product obtained was refined through a column and recrystallized
from toluene. It was separated by filtration and then dried,
whereby 13.1 g of a pale yellow powder was obtained. It was
identified as the compound H5 by analysis of FD-MS (field
desorption mass spectrum).
Synthetic Practical Example 6
Synthesis of Compound H6
[0215] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 5, 6.5 g of Intermediate 8 was used in
place of Intermediate 12, whereby 7.9 g of a pale yellow powder was
obtained. It was identified as the compound H6 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 7
Synthesis of Compound H7
[0216] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 5, 7.5 g of Intermediate 16 was used in
place of Intermediate 12, whereby 7.9 g of a pale yellow powder was
obtained. It was identified as the compound H7 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 8
Synthesis of Compound H8
[0217] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 5, 9.7 g of Intermediate 13 was used in
place of Intermediate 12, whereby 10.2 g of a pale yellow powder
was obtained. It was identified as the compound H8 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 9
Synthesis of Compound H9
[0218] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 2, 9.7 g of Intermediate 13 was used in
place of Intermediate 12, whereby 4.3 g of a pale yellow powder was
obtained. It was identified as the compound H9 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 10
Synthesis of Compound H10
[0219] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 2, 7.2 g of Intermediate 9 was used in
place of Intermediate 12, whereby 3.6 g of a pale yellow powder was
obtained. It was identified as the compound H10 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 11
Synthesis of Compound H12
[0220] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 2, 7.2 g of Intermediate 14 was used in
place of Intermediate 12, whereby 5.3 g of a pale yellow powder was
obtained. It was identified as the compound H12 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 12
Synthesis of Compound H14
[0221] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 2, 4.8 g of Intermediate 2 was used in
place of 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl and that 6.5 g of Intermediate 8 was
used in place of Intermediate 12, whereby 3.9 g of a pale yellow
powder was obtained. It was identified as the compound H14 by
analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 13
Synthesis of Compound H15
[0222] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 2, 3.3 g of 1,4-diiodobenzene was used
in place of 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl and that 6.5 g of Intermediate 8
was used in place of Intermediate 12, whereby 3.3 g of a pale
yellow powder was obtained. It was identified as the compound H15
by analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 14
Synthesis of Compound H16
[0223] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 1, 2.5 g of Intermediate 11 was used in
place of N,N'-diphenylbenzidine and that 8.0 g of Intermediate 19
was used in place of Intermediate 4, whereby 2.1 g of a pale yellow
powder was obtained. It was identified as the compound H16 by
analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 15
Synthesis of Compound H17
[0224] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 1, 6.5 g of Intermediate 17 was used in
place of N,N'-diphenylbenzidine and that 8.0 g of Intermediate 19
was used in place of Intermediate 4, whereby 7.1 g of a pale yellow
powder was obtained. It was identified as the compound H17 by
analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 16
Synthesis of Compound H18
[0225] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 1, 6.5 g of Intermediate 17 was used in
place of N,N'-diphenylbenzidine and that 6.5 g of Intermediate 20
was used in place of Intermediate 4, whereby 5.9 g of a pale yellow
powder was obtained. It was identified as the compound H18 by
analysis of FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 17
Synthesis of Compound H19
[0226] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 2, 3.5 g of
2,7-dibromo-9,9-dimethylfluorene was used in place of
4,4'-diiodobiphenyl and that 6.5 g of Intermediate 8 was used in
place of Intermediate 12, whereby 3.7 g of a pale yellow powder was
obtained. It was identified as the compound H19 by analysis of
FD-MS.
Synthetic Practical Example 18
Synthesis of Compound H20
[0227] Reaction was carried out in the same manner, except that in
Synthetic Practical Example 2, 4.8 g of tris(4-bromophenyl)amine
was used in place of 4,4'-diiodobiphenyl and that 9.7 g of
Intermediate 8 was used in place of Intermediate 12, whereby 4.8 g
of a pale yellow powder was obtained. It was identified as the
compound H20 by analysis of FD-MS.
Example 1
Production of Organic EL Device
[0228] A glass substrate (manufactured by Geomatech Co., Ltd.) of
25 mm.times.75 mm.times.1.1 mm thickness equipped with an ITO
transparent electrode was subjected to supersonic wave washing in
isopropyl alcohol for 5 minutes and then to UV ozone washing for 30
minutes.
[0229] After washed, the glass substrate equipped with a
transparent electrode line was loaded in a substrate holder of a
vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and a film of the compound H1
described above having a film thickness of 60 nm was formed on a
face of a side at which the transparent electrode line was formed
so that it covered the transparent electrode described above. This
H1 film functions as a hole injecting layer. A film of a compound
TBDB shown below having a film thickness of 20 nm was formed on the
above H1 film. This film functions as a hole transporting layer.
Further, a compound EM1 shown below was deposited thereon to form a
film having a film thickness of 40 nm. At the same time, the
following amine compound D1 having a styryl group was deposited as
a light emitting molecule so that a weight ratio of EM1 to D1 was
40:2. This film functions as a light emitting layer.
[0230] A film of Alq shown below having a film thickness of 10 nm
was formed on the above film. This film functions as an electron
injecting layer. Then, Li (Li source: manufactured by Saesgetter
Co., Ltd.) which was a reducing dopant and Alq were subjected to
binary vapor deposition to form an Alq:Li film (film thickness: 10
nm) as an electron injecting layer (cathode). Metal Al was
deposited on the above Alq:Li film to form a metal cathode, whereby
an organic EL device was formed.
[0231] Further, a current efficiency of the organic EL device thus
obtained was measured, and a light emitting color thereof was
observed. The luminance was measured by means of CS1000
manufactured by Konica Minolta Co., Ltd. to calculate the current
efficiency at 10 mA/cm.sup.2. Further, the half lifetime thereof in
light emission was measured at an initial luminance of 5000
cd/m.sup.2 and room temperature in operating at a DC constant
electric current, and the results thereof are shown in Table 1.
##STR71##
Examples 2 to 12
Production of Organic EL Devices
[0232] Organic EL devices were prepared in the same manner, except
that in Example 1, compounds described in Table 1 were used as hole
transporting materials in place of the compound H1.
[0233] The current efficiencies of the organic EL devices thus
obtained were measured, and the light emitting colors thereof were
observed. Further, the half lifetimes thereof in light emission
were measured at an initial luminance of 5000 cd/m.sup.2 and room
temperature in operating at a DC constant electric current, and the
results thereof are shown in Table 1.
Comparatives Examples 1 to 7
[0234] Organic EL devices were prepared in the same manner, except
that in Example 1, a comparative compound 1 to a comparative
compound 7 were used as a hole transporting material in place of
the compound H1.
[0235] The current efficiencies of the organic EL devices thus
obtained were measured, and the light emitting colors thereof were
observed. Further, the half lifetimes thereof in light emission
were measured at an initial luminance of 5000 cd/m.sup.2 and room
temperature in operating at a DC constant electric current, and the
results thereof are shown in Table 1. ##STR72## ##STR73##
Example 13
Production of Organic EL Device
[0236] An organic EL device was prepared in the same manner, except
that in Example 1, the following arylamine compound D2 was used in
place of the amine compound D1 having a styryl group. Me is
methyl.
[0237] A current efficiency of the organic EL device thus obtained
was measured, and a light emitting color thereof was observed.
Further, the half lifetime thereof in light emission was measured
at an initial luminance of 5000 cd/m.sup.2 and room temperature in
operating at a DC constant electric current, and the results
thereof are shown in Table 1. ##STR74##
Comparatives Example 8
[0238] An organic EL device was prepared in the same manner, except
that in Example 13, the comparative compound 1 described above was
used as a hole transporting material in place of the compound
H1.
[0239] A current efficiency of the organic EL device thus obtained
was measured, and a light emitting color thereof was observed.
Further, the half lifetime thereof in light emission was measured
at an initial luminance of 5000 cd/m2 and room temperature in
operating at a DC constant electric current, and the results
thereof are shown in Table 1.
Example 14
Production of Organic EL Device
[0240] An organic EL device was prepared in the same manner, except
that in Example 1, an acceptor compound shown below was used to
form a film of 10 nm between the anode and the compound H1
described above and that a film thickness of the compound H1
described above was changed to 50 nm.
[0241] A current efficiency of the organic EL device thus obtained
was measured, and a light emitting color thereof was observed.
Further, the half lifetime thereof in light emission was measured
at an initial luminance of 5000 cd/m.sup.2 and room temperature in
operating at a DC constant electric current, and the results
thereof are shown in Table 1. ##STR75##
Comparatives Example 9
[0242] An organic EL device was prepared in the same manner, except
that in Example 14, the comparative compound 1 described above was
used as a hole transporting material in place of the compound
H1.
[0243] A current efficiency of the organic EL device thus obtained
was measured, and a light emitting color thereof was observed.
Further, the half lifetime thereof in light emission was measured
at an initial luminance of 5000 cd/m.sup.2 and room temperature in
operating at a DC constant electric current, and the results
thereof are shown in Table 1. TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Hole Light
Half transporting Voltage emitting lifetime material (V) color
(hour) Example 1 H1 6.0 blue 440 Example 2 H2 6.2 blue 420 Example
3 H3 6.3 blue 370 Example 4 H5 6.4 blue 410 Example 5 H6 6.4 blue
400 Example 6 H7 6.3 blue 420 Example 7 H8 6.2 blue 380 Example 8
H12 6.4 blue 330 Example 9 H16 6.2 blue 420 Example 10 H14 6.1 blue
430 Example 11 H15 6.5 blue 440 Example 12 H19 6.3 blue 420 Example
13 H1 6.1 blue 430 Example 14 H1 5.7 blue 340 Comparative
Comparative 7.1 blue 280 Example 1 compound 1 Comparative
Comparative 6.6 blue 80 Example 2 compound 2 Comparative
Comparative 6.2 blue 110 Example 3 compound 3 Comparative
Comparative 6.4 blue 200 Example 4 compound 4 Comparative
Comparative 6.6 blue 150 Example 5 compound 5 Comparative
Comparative 6.8 blue 260 Example 6 compound 6 Comparative
Comparative 6.9 blue 240 Example 7 compound 7 Comparative
Comparative 7.0 blue 270 Example 8 compound 1 Comparative
Comparative 6.5 blue 130 Example 9 compound 1
[0244] A rise in the voltage (.DELTA.V=(voltage after 200
hours)-(initial voltage)) in 200 hours after measuring the lifetime
was confirmed in the respective cases of the compound H1, the
compound H12 and the comparative compound 4 to find that it was 0.2
V in the case of the compound H1, 0.4 V in the case of the compound
H14 and 0.7 V in the case of the comparative compound 4. It is
considered that the electrically more unstable the compound is, the
larger the rise in voltage is.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0245] As explained above in details, the aromatic amine derivative
of the present invention reduces the driving voltage and makes the
molecules less liable to be crystallized, and addition thereof to
the organic thin film layer makes it possible to enhance a yield in
producing the organic EL device and materialize the organic EL
device having a long lifetime.
* * * * *