U.S. patent application number 11/903999 was filed with the patent office on 2008-04-24 for structured surfactant system.
Invention is credited to Tobias Johannes Futterer, James F. Griffin, Stewart A. Warburton.
Application Number | 20080095733 11/903999 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39230509 |
Filed Date | 2008-04-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080095733 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Griffin; James F. ; et
al. |
April 24, 2008 |
Structured surfactant system
Abstract
An aqueous structured surfactant composition contains an anionic
surfactant selected from isethionate surfactants, taurate
surfactants, and sarcosinate surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and
an electrolyte and is useful in personal care applications.
Inventors: |
Griffin; James F.; (Jackson,
NJ) ; Warburton; Stewart A.; (West Windsor, NJ)
; Futterer; Tobias Johannes; (Burlington, NJ) |
Correspondence
Address: |
KEVIN E. MC VEIGH;RHODIA INC.
CN 7500, 8 CEDAR BROOK DRIVE
CRANBURY
NJ
08512
US
|
Family ID: |
39230509 |
Appl. No.: |
11/903999 |
Filed: |
September 25, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
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60847211 |
Sep 26, 2006 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/70.19 ;
510/119; 510/130; 510/137; 510/138; 510/337; 510/535; 514/772 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C11D 3/046 20130101;
C11D 1/37 20130101; A61K 8/20 20130101; C11D 1/83 20130101; A61Q
5/02 20130101; C11D 17/0026 20130101; A61K 2800/596 20130101; A61Q
19/10 20130101; C11D 1/10 20130101; A61K 8/737 20130101; C11D 1/94
20130101; A61K 8/0295 20130101; C11D 1/126 20130101; A61K 8/466
20130101; C11D 1/28 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/070.19 ;
510/119; 510/130; 510/137; 510/138; 510/337; 510/535; 514/772 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/30 20060101
A61K008/30; A61Q 19/00 20060101 A61Q019/00; A61Q 5/00 20060101
A61Q005/00; C11D 1/94 20060101 C11D001/94; C11D 17/00 20060101
C11D017/00 |
Claims
1. An aqueous structured surfactant composition, comprising, based
on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from greater than 0
to 40 parts by weight of a first anionic surfactant selected from
isethionate surfactants, taurate surfactants, sarcosinate
surfactants, and mixtures thereof, (b) optionally, a second anionic
surfactant selected from anionic surfactants other than isethionate
surfactants, taurate surfactants, and sarcosinate surfactants, (c)
optionally, one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric
surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and
(d) optionally, one or more non-ionic surfactants, and (e)
optionally, one or more cationic surfactants, wherein the total
amount of surfactants (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) is from about 10
to about 40 parts by weight, and (f) from greater than 0 to about
30 parts by weight of electrolyte in an amount effective to, in
combination with components (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e) to provide a
structured surfactant composition that comprises a surfactant phase
having an ordered liquid crystal structure.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from greater
than 0 to less than 40 parts by weight of a the first anionic
surfactant, (b) from greater than 0 to about 20 parts by weight of
a the second anionic surfactant, (c) from greater than 0 to less
than 25 parts by weight of one or more surfactants selected from
amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures
thereof, and (d) from greater than 0 to about 30 parts by weight of
electrolyte in an amount effective to, in combination with
components (a), (b), and (c), provide a structured surfactant
composition having an opaque visual appearance and exhibiting a
yield strength of greater than 0 Pascals.
3. The composition of claim 2, wherein the composition comprises:
(a) from about 5 to about 25 parts by weight of the first anionic
surfactant, (b) from about 0.1 to about 20 parts by weight of the
second anionic surfactant, (c) 0.5 to about 10 parts by weight of
one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants,
zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and (d) from 2 to
about 6 parts of the electrolyte.
4. The composition of claim 3, wherein the first anionic surfactant
comprises a taurate surfactant.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from greater
than 0 to less than 40 parts by weight of the first anionic
surfactant, and (b) from greater than 0 to about 20 parts by weight
of the second anionic surfactant, and (c) from greater than 0 to
about 30 parts by weight of electrolyte in an amount effective to,
in combination with components (a) and (b), provide a structured
surfactant composition having an opaque visual appearance and
exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0 Pascals.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from greater
than 0 to less than 40 parts by weight of the first anionic
surfactant, and (b) from greater than 0 to about 25 parts by weight
of one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants,
zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and (c) from
greater than 0 to about 30 parts by weight of electrolyte, in an
amount effective to, in combination with components (a) and (b),
provide a structured surfactant composition having an opaque visual
appearance and exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0
Pascals.
7. The composition of claim 1, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from about 10
to about 40 parts by weight of the first anionic surfactant, and
(b) from greater than 0 to about 30 parts by weight of electrolyte
in an amount effective to, in combination with component (a),
provide a structured surfactant composition having an opaque visual
appearance and exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0
Pascals.
8. An aqueous personal care composition, comprising, based on 100
parts by weight of the composition: (a) from greater than 0 to 40
parts by weight of a first anionic surfactant selected from
isethionate surfactants, taurate surfactants, sarcosinate
surfactants, and mixtures thereof, (b) optionally, a second anionic
surfactant selected from anionic surfactants other than isethionate
surfactants, taurate surfactants, and sarcosinate surfactants, (c)
optionally, one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric
surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and
(d) optionally, one or more non-ionic surfactants, and (e)
optionally, one or more cationic surfactants, wherein the total
amount of surfactants (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) is from about 10
to about 40 parts by weight, and (f) from greater than 0 to about
30 parts by weight of electrolyte in an amount effective to, in
combination with components (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e), provide a
structured surfactant composition that comprises a surfactant phase
having an ordered liquid crystal structure, and (g) greater than 0
parts by weight of one or more personal care benefit agents.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from greater
than 0 to less than 40 parts by weight of the first anionic
surfactant, (b) from greater than 0 to about 20 parts by weight of
the second anionic surfactant, (c) from greater than 0 to less than
25 parts by weight of one or more surfactants selected from
amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures
thereof, and (d) from greater than 0 to about 30 parts by weight of
electrolyte in an amount effective to, in combination with
components (a), (b), and (c), provide a structured surfactant
composition having an opaque visual appearance and exhibiting a
yield strength of greater than 0 Pascals.
10. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from greater
than 0 to less than 40 parts by weight of the first anionic
surfactant, and (b) from greater than 0 to about 20 parts by weight
of the second anionic surfactant, and (c) from greater than 0 to
about 30 parts by weight of electrolyte in an amount effective to,
in combination with components (a) and (b), provide a structured
surfactant composition having an opaque visual appearance and
exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0 Pascals.
11. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from greater
than 0 to less than 40 parts by weight of the first anionic
surfactant, and (b) from greater than 0 to about 25 parts by weight
of one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants,
zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and (c) from
greater than 0 to about 30 parts by weight of electrolyte, in an
amount effective to, in combination with components (a) and (b),
provide a structured surfactant composition having an opaque visual
appearance and exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0
Pascals.
12. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: (a) from about 10
to about 40 parts by weight of the first anionic surfactant, and
(b) from greater than 0 to about 30 parts by weight of electrolyte
in an amount effective to, in combination with component (a)
provide a structured surfactant composition having an opaque visual
appearance and exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0
Pascals.
13. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition is a skin
cleansing composition and personal care benefit agent comprises one
or more hydrocolloid polymers, one or more skin conditioning oils,
or one or more hydrocolloid polymers and one or more skin
conditioning oils.
14. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition, up to about 2
parts by weight of a benefit agent selected from hydrocolloid
polymers and mixtures thereof.
15. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition, from about 1 part
by weight to about 40 parts by weight, of a benefit agent selected
from skin conditioning oils and mixtures thereof.
16. The composition of claim 13, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition, up to about 2
parts by weight of a benefit agent selected from hydrocolloid
polymers and mixtures thereof, and further comprises from about 1
parts by weight to about 40 parts by weight of a benefit agent
selected from skin conditioning oils and mixtures thereof.
17. The composition of claim 8, wherein the composition is a
shampoo composition and the personal care benefit agent comprises
one or more hair conditioning oils, one or more hair benefit agents
other than a hair conditioning oil, or one or more hair
conditioning oils one and more hair benefit agents other than a
hair conditioning oil.
18. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition, from about 0.1
parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight, of a benefit agent
selected from hair conditioning oils and mixtures thereof.
19. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition, from about 0.01
parts by weight to about 5 parts by weight of benefit agent
selected from hair benefit agents other than hair conditioning oils
and mixtures thereof.
20. The composition of claim 17, wherein the composition comprises,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition, from about 0.1
parts by weight to about 20 parts by weight of a benefit agent
selected from hair conditioning oils and mixtures thereof, further
comprises from about 0.01 parts by weight to about 5 parts by
weight of a benefit agent selected from hair benefit agents other
than a hair conditioning oils and mixtures thereof.
21. A personal care composition comprising, based on 100 parts by
weight of the composition: (a) from about 5 to about 25 parts by
weight of a first anionic surfactant selected from isethionate
surfactants, taurate surfactants, sarcosinate surfactants, and
mixtures thereof, (b) from about 0.1 to about 20 parts by weight of
a second anionic surfactant selected from anionic surfactants other
than isethionate surfactants, taurate surfactants, and sarcosinate
surfactants, (c) 0.5 to about 10 parts by weight of one or more
surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic
surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and (d) from 2 to about 6 parts
by weight of electrolyte in an amount effective to, in combination
with components (a), (b), and (c), provide a structured surfactant
composition having an opaque visual appearance and exhibiting a
yield strength of greater than 0 Pascals, (e) up to about 2 parts
by weight of a benefit agent selected from hydrocolloid polymers
and mixtures thereof, and (f) from about 1 parts by weight to about
40 parts by weight, of a benefit agent selected from skin
conditioning oils and mixtures thereof.
22. The composition of claim 21, wherein the first anionic
surfactant is a mixture of an isethionate surfactant and a taurate
surfactant.
23. The composition of claim 21, wherein the second anionic
surfactant is a salt of tridecyl sulfate.
24. The composition of claim 21, wherein the one or more
surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic
surfactants, and mixtures thereof comprises a salt of
lauroamphoacetate or lauroamphodiacetate.
25. The composition of claim 25, wherein the benefit agent selected
from hydrocolloid polymers and mixtures thereof comprises a
cationic derivative of a polysaccharide hydrocolloid polymer.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] This invention relates to surfactant compositions, more
particularly to structured surfactant compositions.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Structured surfactant compositions are liquid crystalline
compositions that are useful in home care applications such as
liquid detergents, laundry detergents, hard surface cleansers, dish
wash liquids, and personal care formulations such as shampoos, body
wash, hand soap, lotions, creams, conditioners, shaving products,
facial washes, baby care formulations, skin treatments. Surfactants
in the structured surfactant compositions exist in the form of
lamellar phases that are planar and/or in the form of spherulites.
Commonly, the surfactant phase is present as spherulites, i.e.,
lamellar droplets, dispersed in the aqueous phase. Spherulites
consist of an onion-like configuration of concentric bi-layers of
surfactant molecules, between which is trapped water or electrolyte
solution. Exclusively planar lamellar surfactant phases or
exclusively spherulite lamellar surfactant phases or the
combination of both forms can co-exist in the same composition.
Structured surfactant compositions are typically pumpable,
non-Newtonian compositions that have the capacity physically to
suspend water insoluble particles by virtue of the presence of
these lamellar surfactant phases.
[0003] Structured surfactant systems based on anionic surfactants,
more typically branched (C.sub.10-C.sub.22)alkyl alkali metal
sulfates, such as sodium trideceth sulfate, are known. U.S. Pat.
No. 6,150,312 discloses structured surfactant compositions that
comprise sodium trideceth sulfate, a fatty acid or fatty acid
ester, and a zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactant and provide
enhanced freeze thaw stability. U.S. Patent Application Publication
No. US2003/0180246 A1 discloses structured surfactant compositions
that comprise an anionic surfactant and an alkanolamide. U.S.
Patent Application Publication No. US2003/0190302 A1 discloses
structured surfactant compositions that comprise an anionic
surfactant and a cationic surfactant. U.S. Patent Application
Publication No. US2006/0135627-A1 discloses structured surfactant
compositions that comprise an anionic surfactant and an amine
oxide.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention is directed to an
aqueous structured surfactant composition, comprising, based on 100
parts by weight ("pbw") of the composition: [0005] (a) from greater
than 0 to about 40 pbw of a first anionic surfactant selected from
isethionate surfactants, taurate surfactants, sarcosinate
surfactants, and mixtures thereof, [0006] (b) optionally, a second
anionic surfactant selected from anionic surfactants other than
isethionate surfactants, taurate surfactants, and sarcosinate
surfactants, [0007] (c) optionally, one or more surfactants
selected from amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and
mixtures thereof, and [0008] (d) optionally, one or more non-ionic
surfactants, and [0009] (e) optionally, one or more cationic
surfactants, wherein the total amount of surfactants (a), (b), (c),
(d), and (e) is from about 10 to about 40 pbw, and [0010] (f) from
greater than 0 to about 30 pbw of electrolyte in an amount
effective to, in combination with components (a), (b), (c), (d),
and (e), provide a structured surfactant composition that comprises
a surfactant phase having an ordered liquid crystal structure.
[0011] In a second aspect, the present invention is directed to an
aqueous personal care composition, comprising, based on 100 pbw of
the composition: [0012] (a) from greater than 0 to about 40 pbw of
a first anionic surfactant selected from isethionate surfactants,
taurate surfactants, sarcosinate surfactants, and mixtures thereof,
[0013] (b) optionally, a second anionic surfactant selected from
anionic surfactants other than isethionate surfactants, taurate
surfactants, and sarcosinate surfactants, [0014] (c) optionally,
one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants,
zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and [0015] (d)
optionally, one or more non-ionic surfactants, and [0016] (e)
optionally, one or more cationic surfactants, wherein the total
amount of surfactants (a), (b), (c), (d), and (e) is from about 10
to about 40 pbw, and [0017] (f) from greater than 0 to about 30 pbw
of electrolyte in an amount effective to, in combination with
components (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), form a structured surfactant
composition that comprises a surfactant phase having an ordered
liquid crystal structure, and [0018] (g) greater than 0 pbw of one
or more personal care benefit agents.
[0019] In one embodiment, the presence of a surfactant phase having
an ordered liquid crystal structure of the surfactant phase is
indirectly demonstrated by showing that the structured surfactant
composition has an opaque visual appearance and a yield strength of
greater than 0 Pascals.
[0020] In one embodiment, the composition exhibits shear thinning
viscosity
[0021] In one embodiment, the composition is capable of suspending
insoluble or partially insoluble components.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION AND PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0022] As used herein, the term "surfactant" means a compound that
reduces surface tension when dissolved in water.
[0023] The composition of the present invention comprises, alone,
or, more typically, interspersed with an aqueous phase, an ordered
liquid crystal surfactant phase, typically a lamellar liquid
crystal surfactant phase, more typically a spherulitic lamellar
liquid crystal surfactant phase.
[0024] In many cases, it is possible to directly demonstrate the
presence of an ordered liquid crystal surfactant phase by the
technique of "freeze-fracture microscopy" in which sample of the
composition is frozen by exposure to low temperature, the frozen
sample is fractured, and one or more of the fracture surfaces of
the fractured frozen sample are examined under a microscope.
[0025] It is also possible to indirectly demonstrate the presence
of an ordered liquid crystal surfactant phase through inference
based on the unique combination of properties exhibited by a
composition that comprises such a phase.
[0026] Due to the presence of the ordered liquid crystal surfactant
phase, the composition of the present invention exhibits, on visual
inspection, an opaque appearance. The composition of the present
invention exhibits an opaque appearance in the absence, as well as
in the presence, of water insoluble components, such as oils.
[0027] As used herein, the term "opaque" means not completely
transparent to light and ranges from a hazy translucent appearance
through a turbid appearance to a uniform, saturated white
appearance. In one embodiment, the structured surfactant compound
of the present invention ranges from a turbid appearance to a
uniform, saturated white appearance.
[0028] Due to the presence of the ordered liquid crystal surfactant
phase, the composition of the present invention exhibits a yield
strength of greater than 0 Pascals. As used herein, "yield
strength" refers to the magnitude of the applied force required to
induce the composition to flow. In one embodiment, the composition
exhibits a yield strength of greater than 0.1 Pascals ("Pa"), more
typically from about 1 to about 100 Pa, and even more typically
from about 1 to about 10 Pa, as determined by measurements using a
controlled stress/strain rheometer at two or more shear rates. The
presence or absence of a non-zero yield strength may also be
reliably determined on a qualitative basis by visual observation of
the flow characteristics of the composition and the resistance of
the composition to deformation caused by, for example, movement of
a hand-held spatula a sample of the composition.
[0029] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention
is capable of suspending water insoluble or partially water-soluble
components. The ability to suspend such components may be viewed as
one manifestation of the presence of a non-zero yield strength.
[0030] As used herein in reference to a component of an aqueous
composition, the terminology "water insoluble or partially
water-soluble components" means that the component is present in
the aqueous composition at a concentration above the solubility
limit of the component so that, in the case of a water insoluble
component, the component remains substantially non-dissolved in the
aqueous composition and, in the case of a partially water-soluble
component, at least a portion of such component remains undissolved
in the aqueous composition. The water insoluble or partially
water-soluble components may, for example, be in the form of solid
particles, of continuous or discontinuous liquid phases, such as
oil droplets, or of discontinuous gas phases, such as air
bubbles.
[0031] As used herein, characterization of an aqueous composition
as "capable of suspending", or as being "able of suspend" water
insoluble or partially water-soluble components means that the
composition substantially resists flotation of such components in
the composition or sinking of such components in such composition
so that such components appear to be neutrally buoyant in such
composition and remain at least substantially suspended in such
composition under the anticipated processing, storage, and use
conditions for such aqueous composition. The ability to suspend
water insoluble or partially water-soluble components is one
manifestation of the non-zero yield strength of the present
invention, that is, the resistance of the structured surfactant
composition of the present invention to deformation at low stresses
is sufficient to balance the gravitational forces acting on water
insoluble or partially water-soluble components, so that the
components remain suspended in the structured surfactant
composition.
[0032] In one embodiment, the presence of the ordered liquid
crystal surfactant phase in the composition of the present
invention is demonstrated by showing that the combined water,
surfactant, and electrolyte components of the composition exhibit,
in the presence and, more importantly, in the absence of water
soluble components, an opaque visual appearance and exhibit a yield
strength of greater than 0 Pascals.
[0033] As discussed above, the ordered liquid crystal phase, alone
or more usually interspersed with an aqueous phase, provides a
rheology which is sufficient, when the system is at rest, to
immobilize any suspended particles but, upon application of a
shearing force, is sufficiently low to allow the system to be
pumped like a normal liquid. Such systems may display very low
apparent viscosities when stirred, pumped or poured and yet be
capable of maintaining particles, sometimes of millimeter or larger
size, in suspension.
[0034] In one embodiment, the composition of the present invention
exhibits shear-thinning viscosity. As used herein in reference to
viscosity, the terminology "shear-thinning" means that such
viscosity decreases with an increase in shear rate. Shear-thinning
may be characterized as a "non-Newtonian" behavior, in that it
differs from that of a classical Newtonian fluid, for example,
water, in which viscosity is not dependent on shear rate.
[0035] As used herein, an indication that a composition is
"substantially free" of a specific material, means that the
composition contains no more than an insubstantial amount of that
material, and an "insubstantial amount" means an amount that does
not measurably affect the desired properties of the
composition.
[0036] As used herein, an indication that a composition is "free"
of a specific material, means that the composition contains no
measurable amount of that material.
[0037] As used herein, the term "alkyl" means a monovalent
saturated straight chain, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon radical,
typically a monovalent saturated (C.sub.1-C.sub.20) hydrocarbon
radical, such as for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl,
n-butyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, n-hexyl, cyclohexyl, and
cyclooctyl, which may optionally be substituted on one or more of
the carbon atoms of the radical. In one embodiment, an alkyl
radical is substituted on one or more carbon atoms of the radical
with hydroxy, alkoxy, amino, halo, carboxy, or phosphono, such as,
for example, hydroxymethyl hydroxyethyl, methoxymethyl,
ethoxymethyl, isopropoxyethyl, aminomethyl, chloromethyl or
trichloromethyl, carboxyethyl, or phosphonomethyl.
[0038] As used herein, "alkylene" means a bivalent saturated
straight chain, branched or cyclic hydrocarbon radical, typically a
bivalent saturated (C.sub.1-C.sub.20) hydrocarbon radical, such as
for example, methylene, dimethylene.
[0039] As used herein, the term "alkoxyl" means an oxy radical that
is substituted with an alkyl group, such as for example, methoxyl,
ethoxyl, propoxyl, isopropoxyl, or butoxyl, which may optionally be
further substituted on one or more of the carbon atoms of the
radical.
[0040] As used herein, the term "alkenyl" means an unsaturated
straight chain, branched chain, or cyclic hydrocarbon radical that
contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds, such as, for
example, ethenyl, 1-propenyl, or 2-propenyl, which may optionally
be substituted on one or more of the carbon atoms of the
radical.
[0041] As used herein, the term "aryl" means a monovalent
unsaturated hydrocarbon radical containing one or more six-membered
carbon rings in which the unsaturation may be represented by three
conjugated double bonds, such as for example, phenyl, naphthyl,
anthryl, phenanthryl, or biphenyl, which may optionally be
substituted one or more of carbons of the ring. In one embodiment,
an aryl radical is substituted on one or more carbon atoms of the
radical with hydroxy, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, or amino, such as,
for example, methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, hydroxyphenyl,
chlorophenyl, trichloromethylphenyl, or aminophenyl.
[0042] As used herein, the term "aralkyl" means an alkyl group
substituted with one or more aryl groups, such as, for example,
phenylmethyl, phenylethyl, or triphenylmethyl, which may optionally
be further substituted on one or more of the carbon atoms of the
radical.
[0043] As used herein, the term "alkaryl" means an aryl group
substituted with one or more alkyl groups, such as, for example,
methylphenyl, dimethylphenyl, or trimethylphenyl, which may
optionally be further substituted on one or more of the carbon
atoms of the radical.
[0044] As used herein, the term "heterocyclyl" means a saturated or
unsaturated organic radical that comprises a ring or condensed ring
system, typically comprising from 4 to 16 ring atoms per ring or
ring system, wherein such ring atoms comprise carbon atoms and at
least one heteroatom, such as for example, O, N, S, or P per ring
or ring system, which may optionally be substituted on one or more
of the ring atoms, such as, for example, thiophenyl,
benzothiphenyl, thianthrenyl, pyranyl, benzofuranyl, xanthenyl,
pyrrolidinyl, pyrrolyl, pyradinyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimadinyl,
pyridazinyl, indolyl, quinonyl, carbazolyl, phenathrolinyl,
thiazolyl, oxazolyl, phenoxazinyl, or phosphabenzenyl.
[0045] As used herein, the indication that a radical may be
"optionally substituted" or "optionally further substituted" means,
in general, that is unless further limited, either explicitly or by
the context of such reference, that such radical may be substituted
with one or more inorganic or organic substituent groups, such as,
for example, alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, a hetero atom,
or heterocyclyl, or with one or more functional groups that are
capable of coordinating to metal ions, such as hydroxyl, carbonyl,
carboxyl, amino, imino, amido, phosphonic acid, sulphonic acid, or
arsenate, or inorganic and organic esters thereof, such as, for
example, sulphate or phosphate, or salts thereof.
[0046] As used herein, the terminology "(C.sub.x-C.sub.y)" in
reference to an organic group, wherein x and y are each integers,
indicates that the group may contain from x carbon atoms to y
carbon atoms per group.
[0047] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care compositions of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 parts by weight of the composition: [0048] (a) from
greater than 0 to less than 40 pbw of the first anionic surfactant,
[0049] (b) from greater than 0 to about 20 pbw of the second
anionic surfactant, [0050] (c) from greater than 0 to about 25 pbw
of one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants,
zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and [0051] (d) from
greater than 0 to about 30 pbw of electrolyte in an amount
effective to, in combination with components (a), (b), and (c),
provide a structured surfactant composition having an opaque visual
appearance and exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0
Pascals.
[0052] In one embodiment, the total amount of surfactants the
aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care compositions of
the present invention consists essentially of the first anionic
surfactant, the second anionic surfactant, and the one or more
surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic
surfactants, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the total
amount of surfactants the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care compositions of the present invention consists of the
first anionic surfactant, the second anionic surfactant and the one
or more surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants,
zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
[0053] In another embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant
and/or personal care compositions of the present invention each
comprise, based on 100 pbw of the composition: [0054] (a) from
greater than 0 to less than 40 pbw of the first anionic surfactant,
and [0055] (b) from greater than 0 to about 20 pbw of the second
anionic surfactant selected from anionic surfactants other than
isethionate surfactants, taurate surfactants, and sarcosinate
surfactants, and [0056] (c) from greater than 0 to about 30 pbw of
electrolyte in an amount effective to, in combination with
components (a) and (b), provide a structured surfactant composition
having an opaque visual appearance and exhibiting a yield strength
of greater than 0 Pascals.
[0057] In one embodiment, the total amount of surfactants the
aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care compositions of
the present invention consists essentially of the first anionic
surfactant and the second anionic surfactant. In one embodiment,
the total amount of surfactants the aqueous structured surfactant
and/or personal care compositions of the present invention consists
of the first anionic surfactant and the second anionic
surfactant.
[0058] In another embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant
and/or personal care compositions of the present invention each
comprise, based on 100 pbw of the composition: [0059] (a) from
greater than 0 to less than 40 pbw of the first anionic surfactant,
and [0060] (b) from greater than 0 to about 25 pbw of one or more
surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic
surfactants, and mixtures thereof, and [0061] (c) from greater than
0 to about 30 pbw of electrolyte, in an amount effective to, in
combination with components (a) and (b), provide a structured
surfactant composition having an opaque visual appearance and
exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0 Pascals.
[0062] In one embodiment, the total amount of surfactants the
aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care compositions of
the present invention consists essentially of the first anionic
surfactant and the one or more surfactants selected from amphoteric
surfactants, zwitterionic surfactants, and mixtures thereof. In one
embodiment, the total amount of surfactants the aqueous structured
surfactant and/or personal care compositions of the present
invention consists of the first anionic surfactant and the one or
more surfactants selected from amphoteric surfactants, zwitterionic
surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
[0063] In another embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and
personal care compositions of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition: [0064] (a) from about 10 to
about 40 pbw of the first anionic surfactant, and [0065] (b) from
greater than 0 to about 30 pbw of electrolyte in an amount
effective to, in combination with component (a), provide a
structured surfactant composition having an opaque visual
appearance and exhibiting a yield strength of greater than 0
Pascals.
[0066] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition, from about 10 to about 90 pbw,
more typically from about 20 to about 80 pbw, water.
[0067] In one embodiment, the total amount of surfactants the
aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care compositions of
the present invention consists essentially of the first anionic
surfactant. In one embodiment, the total amount of surfactants the
aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care compositions of
the present invention consists of the first anionic surfactant.
[0068] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each exhibit a
pH of from about 2.8 to about 12, more typically from about 4 to
about 10.0, and even more typically from about 5 to about 8.
Surfactants
[0069] In one embodiment, total amount of all surfactants,
including all anionic surfactants, amphoteric/zwitterionic
surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, and cationic surfactant,
contained in the aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is from about 10 pbw to about
40 pbw, more typically from about 15 pbw to about 30 pbw, and even
more typically from about 15 pbw to about 25 pbw.
[0070] In one embodiment, total amount of all surfactants,
including all anionic surfactants, amphoteric/zwitterionic
surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, and cationic surfactant,
contained in the aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is about 20 pbw to about 40
pbw, more typically from about 30 pbw to about 40 pbw.
[0071] In one embodiment, total amount of all surfactants,
including all anionic surfactants, amphoteric/zwitterionic
surfactants, non-ionic surfactants, and cationic surfactant,
contained in the aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is from about 10 pbw to less
than about 30 pbw, more typically from 10 pbw to less than about 20
pbw, of a total amount of all surfactants.
(a) Isethionates/Taurates/Sarcosinates
[0072] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition, from about 0.5 to about 40
parts pbw, more typically from about 2 to about 30 pbw, and still
more typically from about 5 to about 25 pbw, of the first anionic
surfactant.
[0073] In one embodiment, the amount of first anionic surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is from greater than 0 to 100
percent by weight (wt %), more typically from about 20 to about 100
wt %, even more typically form about 30 to about 80 wt %, and still
more typically from about 40 to about 70 wt %, of the total amount
of surfactant contained in the structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention.
[0074] In one embodiment, the amount of first anionic surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is from greater than 0 to less
than 50 wt %, more typically from about 5 to about 45 wt %, of the
total amount of surfactant contained in the structured surfactant
and/or personal care composition of the present invention.
[0075] In one embodiment, the amount of first anionic surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is from about 50 to 100 wt %,
more typically from about 55 to about 95 wt %, of the total amount
of surfactant contained in the structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention.
[0076] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more anionic surfactant selected from isethionate surfactant
compounds, taurate surfactant compounds, and sarcosinate surfactant
compounds, according to structure (1): ##STR1## wherein:
[0077] R.sup.1 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl,
[0078] R.sup.2 is alkylene, which may optionally be substituted on
one or more of such methylene units with alkyl, alkoxyl, alkenyl,
aryl, aralkyl, alkaryl, or heterocyclyl, and which may optionally
be interrupted at one or more positions by an oxygen atom,
[0079] X is O or NR.sup.3,
[0080] NR.sup.3 is H or alkyl,
[0081] Y.sup.- is SO.sub.3-- or CO.sub.2--, and
[0082] M.sup.+ is a cation.
[0083] In one embodiment, R.sup.2 is methylene, or dimethylene.
[0084] In one embodiment, R.sup.2 is alkyleneoxyalkylene or
alkylene poly(oxyalkylene) comprising from 2 to about 50
oxyalkylene units, more typically methylenepoly(oxyethylene),
dimethylenepoly(oxyethylene), methylenepoly(oxypropylene), or
dimethylenepoly(oxypropylene).
[0085] In one embodiment, M.sup.+ is sodium, potassium, lithium,
calcium, magnesium, ammonium cation, or an ammonium cation, such
as, for example, an isopropylammonium, monoethanolammonium,
diethanolammonium, or triethanolammonium cation. More typically, M+
is a sodium cation.
[0086] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant consists of
a mixture of one or more isethionate surfactants and one or more
taurate surfactants. In one embodiment, the first anionic
surfactant consists of a mixture of one or more isethionate
surfactants and one or more sarcosinate surfactants. In one
embodiment, the first anionic surfactant consists of a mixture of
one or more taurate surfactants and one or more sarcosinate
surfactants. In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant
consists of a mixture of one or more isethionate surfactants, one
or more taurate surfactants, and one or more sarcosinate
surfactants.
[0087] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more isethionate surfactants. In one embodiment, the first
anionic surfactant consists essentially of one or more isethionate
surfactants. In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant
consists of one or more isethionate surfactants.
[0088] Suitable isethionate surfactants are esters of isethionic
acid and salts thereof. In one embodiment, the first anionic
surfactant comprises one or more isethionate surfactant compounds
according to structure (2): ##STR2## wherein:
[0089] R.sup.4 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl,
[0090] R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently H or alkyl,
and
[0091] M.sup.+ is a cation.
[0092] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more N-acyl isethionate surfactant compounds according to
structure (2), wherein R.sup.4 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkyl and
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently H or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, more typically H or methyl.
[0093] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more N-acyl isethionate surfactant compounds according to
structure (2), wherein R.sup.4 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkyl and
R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are each independently H or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, more typically H or methyl, and M.sup.+ is
a sodium, potassium, or ammonium cation.
[0094] Suitable isethionate surfactant compounds according to
structure (2) include, for example, sodium lauroyl isethionate,
sodium lauroyl isethionate, sodium myristoyl isethionate, sodium
cocoyl isethionate, sodium oleoyl isethionate, and ammonium oleoyl
isethionate.
[0095] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more taurate surfactants. In one embodiment, the first
anionic surfactant consists essentially of one or more taurate
surfactants. In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant
consists of one or more taurate surfactants.
[0096] Suitable taurate surfactants are amides of methyl taurine
and salts thereof. In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant
comprises one or more taurate surfactant compounds according to
structure (3): ##STR3## wherein:
[0097] R.sup.7 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl
[0098] R.sup.8 is H or alkyl,
[0099] R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are each independently H or alkyl,
and
[0100] M.sup.+ is a cation.
[0101] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more N-acyl taurate surfactant compounds according to
structure (3), wherein R.sup.7 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkyl, R.sup.8
is H or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, more typically H or methyl, and
R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are each independently H or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, more typically H or methyl.
[0102] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more N-acyl taurate surfactant compounds according to
structure (3), wherein R.sup.7 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkyl, R.sup.8
is H or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, more typically H or methyl, and
R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 are each independently H or
(C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, more typically H or methyl, and M.sup.+ is
a sodium, potassium, or ammonium cation.
[0103] Suitable taurate surfactant compounds according to structure
(3) include, for example, sodium methyl lauroyl taurate, sodium
methyl myristoyl taurate, potassium methyl myristoyl taurate,
sodium methyl cocoyl taurate, sodium methyl oleoyl taurate, calcium
methyl lauroyl taurate, potassium methyl lauroyl taurate, and
ammonium methyl lauroyl taurate.
[0104] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more sarcosinate surfactants. In one embodiment, the first
anionic surfactant consists essentially of one or more sarcosinate
surfactants. In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant
consists of one or more sarcosinate surfactants.
[0105] Suitable sarcosinate surfactants are amides of sarcosine and
salts thereof. In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant
comprises one or more sarcosinate surfactant compounds according to
structure (4): ##STR4## wherein:
[0106] R.sup.11 is alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or aralkyl, and
[0107] R.sup.12 is H or alkyl,
[0108] R.sup.13 is H, alkyl, and
[0109] M.sup.+ is a cation.
[0110] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more sarcosinate surfactant compounds according to structure
(4), wherein R.sup.11 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkyl, and R.sup.12 and
R.sup.13 are each independently H or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, more
typically H or methyl.
[0111] In one embodiment, the first anionic surfactant comprises
one or more sarcosinate surfactant compounds according to structure
(4), wherein R.sup.11 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.22)alkyl, R.sup.12 and
R.sup.13 are each independently H or (C.sub.1-C.sub.4)alkyl, more
typically H or methyl, and M.sup.+ is a sodium, potassium or
ammonium cation.
[0112] Suitable sarcosinate surfactant compounds according to
structure (4) include, for example, sodium lauroyl sarconsinate,
sodium myristoyl sarconsinate, potassium myristoyl sarconsinate,
sodium cocoyl sarconsinate, sodium oleoyl sarconsinate,
triethanolamine lauroyl sarcosinate, and ammonium oleoyl
sarconsinate.
[0113] The cationic counterion of any anionic surfactant in salt
form is typically a sodium cation but may alternatively be a
potassium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, ammonium cation, or an
alkyl ammonium anion having up to 6 aliphatic carbon atoms, such as
anisopropylammonium, monoethanolammonium, diethanolammonium, or
triethanolammonium cation. Ammonium and ethanolammonium salts are
generally more soluble than the sodium salts. Mixtures of the above
cations are suitable as well.
(b) Anionics Other than Isethionate/Taurates/Sarcosinates
[0114] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition, from about 0.1 to about 20
pbw, more typically from about 0.1 pbw to about 15 pbw, and even
more typically from about 0.5 pbw to about 10 pbw, of the anionic
surfactant.
[0115] In one embodiment, the amount of second anionic surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is from 0 to less than 100 wt
%, more typically from 0 to about 80 wt %, even more typically form
about 20 to about 70 wt %, and still more typically from about 30
to about 60 wt %, of the total amount of surfactant contained in
the structured surfactant and/or personal care composition of the
present invention.
[0116] In one embodiment, the amount of second anionic surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is from 0 to less than about
50 wt %, more typically from about 5 to about 45 wt %, of the total
amount of surfactant contained in the structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention.
[0117] In one embodiment, the amount of second anionic surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention is from 50 to less than 100 wt
%, more typically from about 55 to about 95 wt %, of the total
amount of surfactant contained in the structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention.
[0118] Suitable second anionic surfactants include, for example,
alkylbenzene sulfonates, alpha olefin sulfonates, paraffin
sulfonates, alkyl ester sulfonates, alkyl sulfates, alkyl alkoxy
sulfates, alkyl sulfonates, alkyl alkoxy carboxylates, alkyl
alkoxylated sulfates, monoalkyl phosphates, and dialkyl phosphates,
alkyl lactylates, and salts thereof, as well as mixtures of such
compounds.
[0119] In one embodiment, the second anionic surfactant comprises
ammonium lauryl sulfate, ammonium laureth sulfate, triethanolamine
laureth sulfate, monoethanolamine lauryl sulfate, monoethanolamine
laureth sulfate, diethanolamine lauryl sulfate, diethanolamine
laureth sulfate, lauric monoglyceride sodium sulfate, sodium lauryl
sulfate, sodium laureth sulfate, potassium lauryl sulfate,
potassium laureth sulfate, sodium trideceth sulfate, sodium
tridecyl sulfate, ammonium trideceth sulfate, ammonium tridecyl
sulfate, disodium laureth sulfosuccinate, sodium monoalkyl
phosphate, sodium dialkyl phosphate, ammonium cocoyl sulfate,
sodium cocoyl sulfate, potassium cocoyl sulfate, monoethanolamine
cocoyl sulfate, sodium tridecyl benzene sulfonate, and sodium
dodecyl benzene sulfonate, or a mixture thereof.
[0120] In one embodiment, the second anionic surfactant comprises
one or more branched and/or unsaturated anionic surfactants.
Suitable branched anionic surfactants, include, for example, sodium
trideceth sulfate, sodium tridecyl sulfate, ammonium trideceth
sulfate, and ammonium tridecyl sulfate.
[0121] In one embodiment, the second anionic surfactant comprises
one or more anionic organosulfate surfactants according to
structure (5):
R.sup.14--O--(C.sub.mH.sub.2mO).sub.n--So.sub.3.sup.-X.sup.+ (5)
wherein [0122] R.sup.14 is (C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkyl or
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkenyl, more typically (C.sub.10-C14)alkyl,
[0123] m is 2, 3, or 4, [0124] n is an integer of from 1 to about
7, more typically from 1 to 8, even more typically from 1 to 6,
[0125] X.sup.+ is a cation.
[0126] In one embodiment, R.sup.14 is a branched
(C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkyl group or a (C.sub.8-C.sub.18)alkenyl group,
more typically a branched (C.sub.10-C.sub.16)alkyl group, such as
tridecyl.
[0127] Suitable branched alkyl groups include methyldecyl groups,
methylundecyl groups, methyldodecyl groups, ethyldecyl groups,
ethylundecyl groups, and ethyldodecyl groups, such as for example,
1-methyldecyl, 1-methylundecyl, 1-methyldodecyl, 1-ethyldecyl,
1-ethylundecyl, and 1-ethyldodecyl.
[0128] In one embodiment, m is 2 or 3, more typically 2.
[0129] In one embodiment, n is 1, 2, 3, or 4. As used herein,
modifying an alkyl or alkenyl group with the suffix "eth" generally
indicates the addition of one or more ethylene oxide units, for
example, trideceth refers to an ethoxylated tridecyl group, and the
suffix "-n", wherein n is an integer, indicates the number of such
ethylene oxide units per group, for example "trideceth-3" indicates
an ethoxylated tridecyl group with 3 ethylene oxide units per
tridecyl group.
[0130] In one embodiment, the anionic organosulfate surfactant
comprises one or more compounds selected from sodium laureth
sulfates, potassium laureth sulfates, magnesium laureth sulfates,
ammonium laureth sulfates, monoethanolamine laureth sulfates,
diethanolamine laureth sulfates, triethanolamine laureth sulfates,
sodium trideceth sulfates, magnesium trideceth sulfates, ammonium
trideceth sulfates, monoethanolamine trideceth sulfates,
diethanolamine trideceth sulfates, and triethanolamine trideceth
sulfates. sodium oleth sulfates, potassium oleth sulfates,
magnesium oleth sulfates, ammonium oleth sulfates, monoethanolamine
oleth sulfates, diethanolamine oleth sulfates, triethanolamine
oleth sulfates.
[0131] In one embodiment, the anionic organosulfate surfactant
comprises one or more branched alkylether sulfate selected from
sodium trideceth-1 sulfate, potassium trideceth-1 sulfate, and
ammonium trideceth-1 sulfate, sodium trideceth-2 sulfate, potassium
trideceth-2 sulfate, and ammonium trideceth-2 sulfate, sodium
trideceth-3 sulfate, potassium trideceth-3 sulfate, and ammonium
trideceth-3 sulfate, sodium trideceth-4 sulfate, potassium
trideceth-4 sulfate, and ammonium trideceth-4 sulfate.
[0132] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention are each
substantially free of anionic surfactants other than isethionate
surfactants, taurate surfactants, and sarcosinate surfactants. In
one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal
care composition of the present invention are each free of anionic
surfactants other than isethionate surfactants, taurate
surfactants, and sarcosinate surfactants.
(c) Amphoterics/Zwitterionics
[0133] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically, from about 0.5 to about 10 pbw, of one or more
amphoteric surfactants and/or zwitterionic surfactants
("amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants").
[0134] In one embodiment, the amount of one or more
amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants contained in the structured
surfactant and/or personal care composition of the present
invention is from 0 to less than 100 wt %, more typically from 0 to
about 80 wt %, even more typically form about 20 to about 70 wt %,
and still more typically from about 30 to about 60 wt %, of the
total amount of surfactant contained in the structured surfactant
and/or personal care composition of the present invention.
[0135] In one embodiment, the amount of one or more
amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants contained in the structured
surfactant and/or personal care composition of the present
invention is from 0 to less than about 50 wt %, more typically from
about 5 to about 45 wt %, of the total amount of surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention.
[0136] In one embodiment, the amount of one or more
amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants contained in the structured
surfactant and/or personal care composition of the present
invention is from 50 to less than 100 wt %, more typically from
about 55 to about 95 wt %, of the total amount of surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention.
[0137] In one embodiment, the amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactant
comprises derivatives of aliphatic secondary and tertiary amines in
which the aliphatic radical is straight chain or branched and
wherein one of the aliphatic substituents contains from about 8 to
about 18 carbon atoms and one contains an anionic
water-solubilizing group, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0138] Specific examples of suitable fatty acid amide
amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants include the alkali metal,
alkaline earth metal, ammonium or substituted ammonium salts of
alkyl amphodipropionates, alkyl amphodiacetates, alkyl
amphoglycinates, and alkyl amphopropionates, as well as alkyl
iminopropionates, alkyl iminodipropionates, and alkyl
amphopropylsulfonates, such as for example, cocoamphoacetate
cocoamphopropionate, cocoamphodiacetate, lauroamphoacetate,
lauroamphodiacetate, lauroamphodipropionate, lauroamphodiacetate,
cocoamphopropylsulfonate, caproamphodiacetate, caproamphoacetate,
caproamphodipropionate, and stearoamphoacetate.
[0139] In one embodiment, the amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactant
comprises sodium lauroamphoacetate, sodium lauroamphopropionate,
disodium lauroamphodiacetate, sodium cocoamphoacetate, disodium
cocoamphodiacetate, or a mixture thereof.
[0140] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention are each
substantially free of fatty acid amide amphoteric/zwitterionic
surfactants. In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant
and/or personal care composition of the present invention are each
free of fatty acid amide amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants.
[0141] In one embodiment, the amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactant is
selected from amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants other than fatty
acid amide amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants.
[0142] Suitable amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants other than
fatty acid amide amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants include, for
example, fatty amine amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants, and
betaine surfactants, such as cocodimethyl carboxymethyl betaine,
lauryl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
alpha-carboxy-ethyl betaine, cetyl dimethyl carboxymethyl betaine,
lauryl bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)carboxy methyl betaine, stearyl
bis-(2-hydroxy-propyl)carboxymethyl betaine, oleyl dimethyl
gamma-carboxypropyl betaine, and lauryl
bis-(2-hydroxypropyl)alpha-carboxyethyl betaine, amidopropyl
betaines, and alkyl sultaines, such as cocodimethyl sulfopropyl
betaine, stearyldimethyl sulfopropyl betaine, lauryl dimethyl
sulfoethyl betaine, and lauryl bis-(2-hydroxy-ethyl)sulfopropyl
betaine, and sultaine surfactants, such as alkylamidopropylhydroxy
sultaines.
[0143] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention are each
substantially free of amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants. In one
embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention are each free of
amphoteric/zwitterionic surfactants.
(d) Nonionics
[0144] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically, from about 0.5 to about 10 pbw, of one or more
non-ionic surfactants.
[0145] In one embodiment, the amount of one or more nonionic
surfactants contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal
care composition of the present invention is from 0 to less than
100 wt %, more typically from 0 to about 80 wt %, even more
typically form about 20 to about 70 wt %, and still more typically
from about 30 to about 60 wt %, of the total amount of surfactant
contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal care
composition of the present invention.
[0146] In one embodiment, the amount of one or more nonionic
surfactants contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal
care composition of the present invention is from 0 to less than
about 50 wt %, more typically from about 5 to about 45 wt %, of the
total amount of surfactant contained in the structured surfactant
and/or personal care composition of the present invention.
[0147] In one embodiment, the amount of one or more nonionic
surfactants contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal
care composition of the present invention is from 50 to less than
100 wt %, more typically from about 55 to about 95 wt %, of the
total amount of surfactant contained in the structured surfactant
and/or personal care composition of the present invention.
[0148] In one embodiment, the nonionic surfactant comprises one or
more of alkanolamides, amine oxides, fatty alcohols, alkoxylated
fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and fatty acid esters.
[0149] Suitable alkanolamides include aliphatic acid alkanolamides,
such as cocamide DEA, cocamide MEA, cocamide MIPA, PEG-5 cocamide
MEA, lauramide DEA, and lauramide MEA, as well as alkoxylated
alkanolamides, and mixtures thereof.
[0150] Suitable amine oxides comprise, saturated or unsaturated
branched or straight chain (C.sub.10-C.sub.24) alkyl dimethyl
oxides or (C.sub.10-C.sub.24) alkyl amidopropyl amine oxides, such
as for example, lauramine oxide, cocamine oxide, stearamine oxide,
stearamidopropylamine oxide, palmitamidopropylamine oxide,
decylamine oxide as well as mixtures thereof.
[0151] Suitable fatty alcohols include, for example, saturated or
unsaturated branched or straight chain (C.sub.10-C.sub.24)
alcohols, more typically saturated or unsaturated branched or
straight chain (C.sub.10-C.sub.24) alcohols, such as for example,
decyl alcohol, lauryl alcohol, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol,
stearyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, linoleyl alcohol and linolenyl
alcohol, and mixtures thereof.
[0152] Suitable alkoxylated fatty alcohols include alkoxylated,
typically ethoxylated, derivatives of saturated or unsaturated
branched or straight chain (C.sub.10-C.sub.24) alcohols, more
typically saturated or unsaturated branched or straight chain
(C.sub.10-C.sub.24) alcohols, which may include, on average, from 1
to 22 alkoxyl units per molecule of alkoxylated alcohol, such as,
for example, ethoxylated lauryl alcohol having an average of 5
ethylene oxide units per molecule. Mixtures of these alkoylated
alcohols may be used.
[0153] Suitable fatty acids include saturated or unsaturated
(C.sub.10-C.sub.24) carboxylic acids, more typically saturated or
unsaturated (C.sub.10-C.sub.24) carboxylic acids, such as, for
example, lauric acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, myristic acid,
cetearic acid, isostearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid,
ricinoleic acid, elaidic acid, arichidonic acid, myristoleic acid,
and palmitoleic acid, as well as neutralized versions thereof.
[0154] Suitable fatty acid esters include esters of saturated or
unsaturated (C.sub.10-C.sub.24) carboxylic acids, more typically
saturated or unsaturated (C.sub.10-C.sub.24) carboxylic acids, for
example, propylene glycol isostearate, propylene glycol oleate,
glyceryl isostearate, and glyceryl oleate, and mixtures
thereof.
[0155] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention are each
substantially free of alkanolamides, amine oxides, fatty alcohols,
alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and/or fatty acid esters.
In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention are each free of
alkanolamides, amine oxides, fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty
alcohols, fatty acids, and/or fatty acid esters.
[0156] In one embodiment, the non-ionic surfactant is selected from
non-ionic surfactants other than alkanolamides, amine oxides, fatty
alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty acids, and fatty acid
esters.
[0157] Suitable non-ionic surfactants other than alkanolamides,
amine oxides, fatty alcohols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, fatty
acids, and fatty acid esters include, for example, compounds
produced by the condensation of alkylene oxide groups with an
organic hydrophobic compound, which may be aliphatic, or alkyl
aromatic in nature. Preferred nonionic surfactants consist of
polyethylene, polypropylene, and polybutylene oxide condensates of
alkyl phenols, and alkylpolyglycosides, and mixtures thereof.
[0158] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention are each
substantially free of nonionic surfactants. In one embodiment, the
aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care composition of
the present invention are each free of nonionic surfactants.
(f) Cationics
[0159] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition, from about 0.1 to about 25
pbw, more typically, from about 0.5 to about 10 pbw, of one or more
cationic surfactants.
[0160] In one embodiment, the amount of one or more cationic
surfactants contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal
care composition of the present invention is from 0 to 10 wt %,
more typically from about 0 to about 5 wt %, and even more
typically from about 0 to about 3 wt % of the total amount of
surfactant contained in the structured surfactant and/or personal
care composition of the present invention.
[0161] Suitable cationic surfactants include for example,
mono-cationic surfactants according to formula (6) below: ##STR5##
wherein:
[0162] R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17 and R.sup.18 are each
independently H or an organic group, provided that at least one of
R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17 and R.sup.18 is not hydrogen, and
[0163] X.sup.- is an anion.
[0164] If one to three of R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17 and R.sup.18
are each H, then the compound may be referred to as an amine salt.
Some examples of cationic amines include polyethoxylated (2)
oleyl/stearyl amine, ethoxylated tallow amine, cocoalkylamine,
oleylamine, and tallow alkyl amine.
[0165] For quaternary ammonium compounds (generally referred to as
quats) R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17 and R.sup.18 may be the same or
different organic group, but may not be hydrogen. In one
embodiment, R.sup.15, R.sup.16, R.sup.17 and R.sup.18 are each
independent (C.sub.8-C.sub.24) branched or linear hydrocarbon
groups which may comprise additional functionality such as, for
example, fatty acids or derivatives thereof, including esters of
fatty acids and fatty acids with alkoxylated groups, alkyl amido
groups, aromatic rings, heterocyclic rings, phosphate groups, epoxy
groups, and hydroxyl groups. The nitrogen atom may also be part of
a heterocyclic or aromatic ring system, e.g., cataphyll
morpholinium ethosulfate or steapyrium chloride.
[0166] Examples of quaternary ammonium compounds of the monoalkyl
amine derivative type include: cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide
(also known as CETAB or cetrimonium bromide), cetyl trimethyl
ammonium chloride (also known as cetrimonium chloride), myristyl
trimethyl ammonium bromide (also known as myrtrimonium bromide or
Quaternium-13), stearyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium chloride (also
known as stearalkonium chloride), oleyl dimethyl benzyl ammonium
chloride, (also known as olealkonium chloride), lauryl/myristryl
trimethyl ammonium methosulfate (also known as cocotrimonium
methosulfate), cetyl dimethyl (2)hydroxyethyl ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate (also known as hydroxyethyl cetyldimonium phosphate),
babassuamidopropalkonium chloride, cocotrimonium chloride,
distearyldimonium chloride, wheat germ-amidopropalkonium chloride,
stearyl octyldimonium methosulfate, isostearaminopropalkonium
chloride, dihydroxypropyl PEG-5 linoleaminium chloride, PEG-2
stearmonium chloride, Quaternium 18, Quaternium 80, Quaternium 82,
Quaternium 84, behentrimonium chloride, dicetyl dimonium chloride,
behentrimonium methosulfate, tallow trimonium chloride and
behenamidopropyl ethyl dimonium ethosulfate. Mixtures may also be
used in the present invention.
[0167] Quaternary ammonium compounds of the dialkyl amine
derivative type include, for example, distearyldimonium chloride,
dicetyl dimonium chloride, stearyl octyldimonium methosulfate,
dihydrogenated palmoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate,
dipalmitoylethyl hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate, dioleoylethyl
hydroxyethylmonium methosulfate, hydroxypropyl bisstearyldimonium
chloride, and mixtures thereof.
[0168] Quaternary ammonium compounds of the imidazoline derivative
type include, for example, isostearyl benzylimidonium chloride,
cocoyl benzyl hydroxyethyl imidazolinium chloride, cocoyl
hydroxyethylimidazolinium PG-chloride phosphate, Quaternium 32, and
stearyl hydroxyethylimidonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.
[0169] Typical cationic surfactants comprise dialkyl derivatives
such as dicetyl dimonium chloride and distearyidimonium chloride,
branched and/or unsaturated cationic surfactants such as
isostearylaminopropalkonium chloride or olealkonium chloride, long
chain cationic surfactants such as stearalkonium chloride and
behentrimonium chloride, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0170] Suitable anionic counterions for the cationic surfactant
include, for example, chloride, bromide, methosulfate, ethosulfate,
lactate, saccharinate, acetate and phosphate anions.
[0171] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention are each
substantially free of cationic surfactants. In one embodiment, the
aqueous structured surfactant and/or personal care composition of
the present invention are each free of cationic surfactants.
(g) Electrolyte
[0172] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition, from greater than 0 to about
30 pbw, more typically from about 1 to about 20 pbw, still more
typically from about 2 to about 10 pbw, still more typically from
about 2 pbw to about 6 pbw, of an electrolyte.
[0173] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each comprise,
based on 100 pbw of the composition, from greater than 0 to about
30 pbw, more typically from greater than 0 to about 20 pbw, still
more typically from greater than 0.5 to about 10 pbw, still more
typically from greater than 1.0 to about 8 pbw, of an
electrolyte.
[0174] Suitable electrolytes include salts of multivalent anions,
such as potassium pyrophosphate, potassium tripolyphosphate, and
sodium or potassium citrate, salts of multivalent cations,
including alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium chloride and
calcium bromide, as well as zinc halides, barium chloride and
calcium nitrate, salts of monovalent cations with monovalent
anions, including alkali metal or ammonium halides, such as
potassium chloride, sodium chloride, potassium iodide, sodium
bromide, and ammonium bromide, alkali metal or ammonium nitrates,
and polyelectrolytes, such as uncapped polyacrylates, polymaleates,
or polycarboxylates, lignin sulfonates, or naphthalene sulfonate
formaldehyde copolymers.
[0175] Electrolyte may be added as a separate component or in
combination with other components of the composition of the present
invention.
[0176] The structured surfactant composition of the present
invention may optionally further comprise one or more
preservatives, such as benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl
paraben, or imidazolidinyl urea, and DMDM hydantoin, and may
optionally further comprise one or more pH adjusting agents, such
as citric acid, succinic acid, phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide,
or sodium carbonate.
[0177] In general, the structured surfactant composition is made by
combining and mixing the components in water, and optionally
adjusting the pH and/or adding a preservative to the mixture.
[0178] The structured surfactant composition can also be subjected
to high shear mixing. As used herein, the term "high shear mixing"
refers to mixing under high shear conditions, typically at a shear
rate of greater than or equal to about 1,000 s.sup.-1, more
typically greater than or equal to about 3,500 s.sup.-1. The
structured surfactant composition may be subjected to a high shear
mixing in known mixing equipment, such as, for example, a high
shear mixer or a homogenizer.
[0179] Viscosity is measured by known viscometric methods, such as
for example, using a rotational viscometer, such as a
Brookfield.TM. rotational viscometer, equipped with an appropriate
spindle, at a rotation speed of from about 0.1 revolutions per
minute ("rpm") to about 60 rpm.
[0180] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each exhibit a
viscosity of greater than about 5,000 centipoise ("cp"), more
typically greater than about 10,000 cp, when measured under
relatively low shear conditions, for example, at 25.degree. C.
using a Brookfield.TM. rotational viscometer equipped with an RVT
T-bar spindle and operated at 0.5 rpm.
[0181] In one embodiment, the aqueous structured surfactant and/or
personal care composition of the present invention each exhibit a
shear thinning behavior, wherein the viscosity under relatively
high shear conditions, such as, for example, at 25.degree. C. using
a Brookfield.TM. rotational viscometer equipped with an RVT T-bar
spindle and operated at 1 rpm is lower than the viscosity of the
same composition measured under relatively low shear conditions by
a factor of less than or equal to about 0.9, more typically less
than or equal to about 0.7.
[0182] The composition of the present invention is capable of
suspending water-insoluble particles or partially water-soluble
components, such as vegetable oils, hydrocarbon oils, silicone
oils, solid particles, abrasives, and similar articles. The
composition provides a means to include otherwise difficult to
incorporate components in surfactant mixtures resulting in cosmetic
preparations with multi-functional benefits including, in some
cases, cleansing, moisturizing, improved skin feel,
exfoliation/abrasion, novel appearance, or a combination of these
benefits.
[0183] The ability of a composition to suspend water insoluble or
partially water-soluble components is typically evaluated by mixing
the composition with sufficient vigor to entrap air bubbles in the
composition and then visually observing whether the air bubbles
remain entrapped in the composition for a defined period of time,
such as for example, 12 to 24 hours, under defined environmental
conditions, such as for example, room temperature. In one
embodiment, the composition of the present invention is capable of
suspending air bubbles for at least 1 week, and more typically for
at least 3 months. A composition that is capable of suspending air
bubbles for at least 12 hours at room temperature is deemed to be
generally capable of suspending water insoluble or partially
water-soluble components in the composition under generally
anticipated processing, storage, and use conditions for such
composition. For components other than air, the result of the air
suspension test should be confirmed by conducting an analogous
suspension test using the component of interest. For unusually
rigorous processing, storage and/or use conditions, more rigorous
testing may be appropriate.
[0184] In one embodiment, the ability to suspend water insoluble or
partially water-soluble components is evaluated under more rigorous
conditions, that is, the mixed samples are visually evaluated after
subjecting the samples to one or more freeze/thaw cycles, wherein
each freeze/thaw cycle consists of 12 hours at -10.degree. C. and
12 hours at 25.degree. C. In one embodiment, composition of the
present invention remains capable of suspending air bubbles after
one freeze/thaw cycle, more typically after 3 freeze/thaw
cycles.
Personal Care Composition
[0185] The composition of the present invention is useful in, for
example, personal care applications, such as shampoos, body wash,
hand soap, lotions, creams, conditioners, shaving products, facial
washes, neutralizing shampoos, personal wipes, and skin treatments,
and in home care applications, such as liquid detergents, laundry
detergents, hard surface cleansers, dish wash liquids, toilet bowl
cleaners, as well as other applications, such as oil field and
agrochemical applications.
[0186] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention comprises, based on 100 pbw of the composition,
up to about 80 pbw, of one or more "benefit agents" that is,
materials that provide a personal care benefit, such as
moisturizing or conditioning, to the user of the personal care
composition, such as, for example, emollients, moisturizers,
conditioners, polymers, vitamins, abrasives, UV absorbers,
antimicrobial agents, anti-dandruff agents, fragrances, sensory
agents, and/or appearance modifying additives, such as, for
example, colored particles or reflective particles, which may be in
the form of a solid, liquid, or gas and may be insoluble or are
only partly soluble in the structured surfactant composition.
Mixtures of the benefit agents may be used.
[0187] Suitable benefit agents include, for example, oils, clays
such as bentonite, kaolin, montmorillonite, sodium magnesium
silicate, hectorite, magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum),
hydrocolloids such as agar, alginate, arabinoxylan, carrageenan,
cellulose such as carboxyalkyl celluose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose,
hydroxyalkyl alkyl cellulose, alkyl cellulose, curdlan, gelatin,
gellan, .beta.-glucan, guar gum, gum arabic, locust bean gum,
pectin, starch, succinoglycan, xanthan gum, modified or substituted
hydrocolloids such as hydroxy methyl cellulose, PG-hydroxyethyl
cellulose, quaternary ammoniums of hydroxyethylcellulose,
quaternary ammoniums of guar gum (Jaguar C-17, Jaguar C-14S, Jaguar
Excel, Jaguar C-162 from Rhodia), hydroxypropyl guars (Jaguar HP-8,
Jaguar HP-105, Jaguar HP-60, Jaguar HP-120, Jaguar C-162), modified
starches such as sodium hydroxypropyl starch phosphate (Pure-Gel
980 and Pure-Gel 998 from Grain Processing Corporation), potato
starch modified (Structure-Solanace from National Starch), acrylate
copolymers such as Acrylates/Aminoacrylates/C10-30 Alkyl PEG-20
Itaconate Copolymer (Structure-Plus from National Starch), cationic
polymers (Rheovis CSP, Rheovis CDE, Rheovis CDP from Ciba),
polyacrylimidomethylpropane sulfonate/Polyquaternium-4 (Plexagel
ASC from ISP), hydrophobically modified nonionic polyols (Acusol
880, Acusol 882 from Rohm & Haas), and PEG-150 Distearate,
fragrances, sensory agents, such as camphor or menthol,
antidandruff agents, and UV absorbing agents.
[0188] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention comprises, based on 100 pbw of the composition,
from greater than 0 pbw to about 70 pbw, more typically from about
0.5 to about 70 pbw, even more typically from about 1 to about 50
pbw, still more typically from about 5 to about 40 pbw, most
typically from about 10 to about 30 pbw of one or more oils.
[0189] Suitable oils include skin conditioning oils, such as, for
example, vegetable oils, including arachis oil, castor oil, cocoa
butter, coconut oil, corn oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, palm
kernel oil, rapeseed oil, safflower seed oil, sesame seed oil, and
soybean oil, esters, including butyl myristate, cetyl palmitate,
decyloleate, glyceryl laurate, glyceryl ricinoleate, glyceryl
stearate, glyceryl isostearate, hexyl laurate, isobutyl palmitate,
isocetyl stearate, isopropyl isostearate, isopropyl laurate,
isopropyl linoleate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate,
isopropyl stearate, propylene glycol monolaurate, propylene glycol
ricinoleate, propylene glycol stearate, and propylene glycol
isostearate, and animal fats, including acetylated lanolin
alcohols, lanolin, lard, mink oil, and tallow, hydrocarbon oils,
such as petrolatum, and silicone oils, such as polydimethylsiloxane
oils.
[0190] The personal care composition according to the present
invention may optionally further comprise, based on 100 pbw of the
personal care composition and independently for each such
ingredient, up to about 10 pbw, typically from 0.5 pbw to about 5.0
pbw, of other ingredients in addition to benefit agents, such as,
for example, preservatives such as benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben,
propyl paraben and imidazolidinyl urea, electrolytes, such as
sodium chloride, sodium sulfate, polyvinyl alcohol, and sodium
citrate, pH adjusting agents such as citric acid, succinic acid,
phosphoric acid, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, dyes, and
sequestering agents such as disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetate.
Other additional optional components are known in the art. For
example, the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient Handbook, Seventh Edition,
1997 and the Eighth Edition, 2000 describes a wide variety of
cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients commonly used in personal
care compositions, which are suitable for use in the compositions
of the present invention.
[0191] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention comprises an aqueous structured surfactant
component according to the present invention that forms a first
"phase" (which may itself comprise a plurality of phases, including
aqueous phases, planar lamellar surfactant phases and spherulitic
lamellar surfactant phases, as discussed above) and the composition
further comprises one or more additional phases that are at least
substantially distinct from such first phase. As used herein in
reference to the phases of a multiphase embodiments of the present
invention, the terminology "substantially distinct" means that the
phases each exhibit substantially homogeneous properties within a
given phase and that the phases differ with respect to at least one
characteristic or property, such as for example, visual
characteristics, such as color, clarity, pearlescence, or
physical/chemical properties, such as viscosity, lubricity, and/or
benefit agent content.
[0192] The composition of the present invention may further
comprise water-insoluble particles or partially insoluble
components.
[0193] In one embodiment, a structured surfactant composition
according to the present invention is a personal care composition
selected from skin cleansers, such as hand soaps and body washes,
and shampoos.
[0194] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention is a skin cleansing composition wherein the
personal care benefit agent comprises one or more hydrocolloid
polymers, one or more skin conditioning oils, or one or more
hydrocolloid polymers and one or more skin conditioning oils.
[0195] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention is a skin cleansing composition wherein the
composition comprises, based on 100 pbw of the composition, up to
about 2 pbw, more typically from about 0.1 pbw to about 1 pbw, of a
benefit agent selected from hydrocolloid polymers and mixtures
thereof.
[0196] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention is a skin cleansing composition wherein the
composition comprises, based on 100 pbw of the composition, from
about 1 pbw to about 40 pbw, more typically from about 2 pbw to
about 30 pbw, of a benefit agent selected from skin conditioning
oils and mixtures thereof.
[0197] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention is a skin cleansing composition wherein the
composition comprises, based on 100 pbw of the composition, up to
about 2 pbw, more typically from about 0.1 pbw to about 1 pbw, of a
benefit agent selected from hydrocolloid polymer and mixtures
thereof, and from about 1 pbw to about 40 pbw, more typically from
about 5 pbw to about 25 pbw, of a benefit agent selected from skin
conditioning oils and mixtures thereof.
[0198] Suitable hydrocolloids include those described above in the
general discussion of benefit agents. In one embodiment, the
hydrocolloid polymer is selected from polysaccharide hydrocolloid
polymers and derivatives of polysaccharide hydrocolloid polymers,
including cationic derivatives of polysaccharide hydrocolloid
polymers. Suitable polysaccharide hydrocolloid polymers and
derivatives include guar gums, guar gum derivatives, such as
hydroxypropyl trimethylammonium guar, hydroxypropyl
lauryldimethylammonium guar, hydroxypropyl stearyldimethylammonium
guar, hydroxypropyl guar, and carboxymethyl guar, xanthan gums,
xanthan gum derivatives, starches, starch derivatives, and mixtures
thereof.
[0199] Suitable skin conditioning oils include those described
above in the general description of benefit agents and suitable
oils. In one embodiment, the skin conditioning oil component of the
skin cleansing composition comprises rape seed oil, soybean oil,
shea butter, safflower oil, petrolatum, a silicone oil, or a
mixture thereof.
[0200] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention is a shampoo composition wherein the personal
care benefit agent comprises one or more hair conditioning oils,
one or more hair benefit agents other than a hair conditioning oil,
or one or more hair conditioning oils one and more hair benefit
agents other than a hair conditioning oil.
[0201] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention is a shampoo composition that comprises, based on
100 pbw of the shampoo composition, from about 0.1 pbw to about 20
pbw, more typically from about 0.5 pbw to about 15 pbw, of a
benefit agent selected from hair conditioning oils and mixtures
thereof.
[0202] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention is a shampoo composition that comprises, based on
100 pbw of the shampoo composition, from about 0.01 pbw to about 5
pbw of benefit agent selected from hair benefit agents other than
hair conditioning oils and mixtures thereof.
[0203] In one embodiment, the personal care composition of the
present invention is a shampoo composition that comprises, based on
100 pbw of the shampoo composition, from about 0.1 pbw to about 20
pbw, more typically from about 0.5 pbw to about 15 pbw, of a
benefit agent selected from hair conditioning oils and mixtures
thereof, and from about 0.01 pbw to about 5 pbw of a benefit agent
selected from hair benefit agents other than a hair conditioning
oils and mixtures thereof.
[0204] Suitable hair conditioning oils are oils that remain fluid
at room temperature, are dispersible, are neither irritating, toxic
nor otherwise harmful when applied to the hair, are compatible with
the other components of the shampoo composition, are chemically
stable under normal use and storage conditions, and are capable of
being deposited on and conditioning the hair, and include
hydrocarbon oils, fatty acid derivative oils, fatty alcohol
derivative oils, ester oils, poly .alpha.-olefin oils, silicone
oils, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the hair
conditioning oil component of the shampoo composition comprises a
silicone oil selected from alkyl and/or aryl substituted
polysiloxane oils, such as polydimethylsiloxane,
polydiethylsiloxane, and polymethylphenylsiloxane oils,
polyalkyleneoxide-modified siloxanes, such as polypropylene oxide
modified and polyethylene oxide modified polydimethylsiloxane oils,
and amino- or amido substituted polysiloxane oils, such as
amidodimethicone oil, as well as mixtures thereof.
[0205] Suitable hair benefit agents other than hair conditioning
oils include, for example, anti-dandruff ingredients, and UV
radiation absorbers. Suitable antidandruff agents include
particulate, crystalline anti-dandruff agents, such as sulfur,
selenium disulfide, and heavy metal salts of pyridinethione, such
as zinc pyrithione, as well as soluble anti-dandruff agents, such
as ketoconazole. Suitable UV radiation absorbers include, for
example, sodium benzotriazolyl butylphenol sulfonate
EXAMPLES 1 AND 2
[0206] The compositions Examples 1-A and 2-A were made by mixing
the listed ingredients in the relative amounts set forth in TABLE I
below. TABLE-US-00001 TABLE I Ex# 1-A EX# 2-A Ingredient (wt %) (wt
%) guar hydroxypropyl trimonium 0.5 0.5 chloride hydrogenated soy
oil -- 10 sodium methyl cocoyl taurate 2.88 2.88 sodium cocoyl
isethionate 9.36 9.36 sodium trideceth sulfate 14.95 14.95 sodium
lauroamphoacetate 2.88 2.88 sodium xylene sulfonate 0.24 0.24
propylene glycol 0.30 0.30 DMDM hydantoin 0.1 0.1 Water 68.78
58.78
[0207] The compositions of Examples 1-B to 1-D and 2-B to 2D were
each made by adding ammonium chloride to one of the compositions of
Examples 1-A and 2-A and adjusting the pH of the composition to
5.75. The viscosity of each of the compositions of Examples 1-A to
1-D and 2-A to 2-D was measured at 25.degree. C. using a
Brookfield.TM. rotational viscometer equipped with an RVT T-bar
spindle and operated at 1 rpm and at 0.5 rpm. The relative amount
of ammonium chloride (in percent by weight ("wt %"), based on the
weight of the final composition) and the results of the viscosity
measurements (in centiPoise ("cp")), and a visual observation
regarding the appearance of the composition are given below in
TABLE II for each of the compositions of Examples 1-A to 1-D and
2-A to 2-D. TABLE-US-00002 TABLE II Viscosity at Viscosity at
NH.sub.4Cl 1 rpm 0.5 rpm Ex# (wt %) (cp) (cp) Appearance 1-A 0
<15,000 <15,000 opaque, mobile 1-B 2 15,000 15,000 opaque,
semi-flowable 1-C 4 30,000 50,000 opaque, semi-flowable 1-D 6
90,000 150,000 opaque, semi-flowable 2-A 0 <15,000 <15,000
opaque, mobile 2-B 2 110,000 180,000 opaque, semi-flowable 2-C 4
170,000 310,000 opaque, semi-flowable 2-D 6 140,000 280,000 opaque,
semi-flowable
[0208] The stability of the compositions of Examples 1-A to 1-D and
2-A to 2-D was evaluated by visual observation of phase separation
following conditioning of samples of those compositions at
different temperatures. Samples of the compositions of Examples 1-A
to 1-D were stored at room temperature. The samples of the
compositions of Examples 1-A, 1-B, and 1-C separated within 24
hours of conditioning. The sample of the composition of Example 1-D
separated within 3 days of conditioning.
[0209] Samples of the compositions of Examples 2-A to 2-D were
stored at 4.degree. C. and 45.degree. C. The samples of the
compositions of Examples 1-A and 1-D, C separated within 24 hours
of conditioning. The samples of the compositions of Example 1-B and
1-C were stable after 6 weeks of conditioning.
EXAMPLES 3 TO 6
[0210] The compositions Examples 3 to 6 were made by mixing the
listed ingredients in the relative amounts set forth in TABLE III
below. TABLE-US-00003 TABLE III EX# 3 EX# 4 EX# 5 EX# 6 Ingredient
wt % wt % wt % wt % Water 75.13 72.87 71.80 70.75 sodium
lauroamphoactetate 5.38 5.22 5.14 5.07 Sodium cocoyl n-methyl
taurate 10.21 9.90 9.75 9.61 Sodium lauroyl-2-lactylate 8.25 8.00
7.88 7.77 Citric acid (50%) 1.03 1.00 0.99 0.97 NH.sub.4Cl 0.00
3.00 4.50 6.00 Total 100 100 100 100 Appearance 2-phase 2-phase
1-phase 1-phase opaque/ opaque/ opaque opaque clear clear Yield
stress (Pa) - - + + Viscosity (cPs), 12 rpm - - 2900 3050
[0211] Each of the compositions of Examples 3-6 were visually
evaluated with regard to the appearance and to the presence or
absence of a non-zero yield strength. The viscosity of each of the
compositions of Examples 5 and 6 was measured at 25.degree. C.
using a Brookfield.TM. rotational viscometer equipped with an LV3
spindle and operated at 12 rpm. Results of the visual evaluations
for each of the compositions of Examples 3-6 and results of the
viscosity measurements (in centipoise ("cp")) for the compositions
of Examples 5 and 6 are given above in TABLE III.
* * * * *