U.S. patent application number 11/860289 was filed with the patent office on 2008-04-17 for pressure sensor.
This patent application is currently assigned to ASML Holding N.V.. Invention is credited to Boguslaw Gajdeczko, Kevin J. Violette.
Application Number | 20080087094 11/860289 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34887676 |
Filed Date | 2008-04-17 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080087094 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gajdeczko; Boguslaw ; et
al. |
April 17, 2008 |
Pressure Sensor
Abstract
A pressure sensor includes a diaphragm having a displaceable
elastic inner portion, wherein the inner portion displaces in
response to a pressure difference between first and second sides of
the diaphragm. A radiation source may be configured to transmit
first and second beams of radiation. A light receiver may be
configured to receive the first beam of radiation directly from the
radiation source and the second beam of radiation after it reflects
from the first side of the diaphragm. A control system may be
coupled to the radiation source and light receiver and adapted to
determine the pressure difference from the displacement of the
diaphragm.
Inventors: |
Gajdeczko; Boguslaw;
(Princeton, NJ) ; Violette; Kevin J.; (Woodbury,
CT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & FOX P.L.L.C.
1100 NEW YORK AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON
DC
20005
US
|
Assignee: |
ASML Holding N.V.
Veldhoven
NL
|
Family ID: |
34887676 |
Appl. No.: |
11/860289 |
Filed: |
September 24, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10812098 |
Mar 30, 2004 |
7272976 |
|
|
11860289 |
Sep 24, 2007 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
73/716 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G01L 9/0077 20130101;
G01L 9/0072 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
073/716 |
International
Class: |
G01L 13/02 20060101
G01L013/02 |
Claims
1. A pressure sensor, comprising: a diaphragm having a displaceable
elastic inner portion, wherein the inner portion displaces in
response to a pressure difference between first and second sides of
the diaphragm; a radiation source configured to transmit first and
second beams of radiation; a light receiver configured to receive
the first beam of radiation directly from the radiation source and
the second beam of radiation after the second beam of radiation
reflects from the first side of the diaphragm; and a control system
coupled to the radiation source and light receiver and adapted to
determine the pressure difference from the displacement of the
diaphragm.
2. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the diaphragm includes a
diffusely reflecting metal film.
3. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the pressure sensor to
measure at least one of gauge, absolute, or differential
pressure.
4. The pressure sensor of claim 1, further comprising an optically
reflective coating on the first side of the diaphragm.
5. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the control system
calculates the displacement of the diaphragm from an interference
pattern generated from the first and second beams of radiation.
6. The pressure sensor of claim 5, wherein the radiation source
comprises a transmitting fiber having an output coupled to a
diffraction device that separates a source light into the first and
second beams of radiation, wherein changes in the diaphragm
displacement cause the interference pattern to include intensity
modulated light, wherein the control system calculates the
diaphragm displacement from the intensity modulated light.
7. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the elastic inner
portion comprises a polyimide film.
8. The pressure sensor of claim 1, wherein the elastic inner
portion comprises a thin polyester film.
9. The pressure sensor according to claim 1, wherein the elastic
inner portion comprises rubber.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION(S)
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser.
No. 10/812,098, filed Mar. 30, 2004, which is incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The invention relates to high sensitivity, high bandwidth,
low pressure sensors and, more particularly, to the application of
these devices in air gauges for use in, for example, lithography
devices.
[0004] 2. Related Art
[0005] Conventional low pressure air gauges utilize mass flow
sensors, which have relatively long response times, or low
bandwidths, typically in the range of a tens of Hz. The relatively
low bandwidths are not suitable for higher speed operations, such
as, for example, lithography scanning applications.
[0006] What are needed therefore are high sensitivity, low pressure
air gauges having higher bandwidths than are presently
available.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention is directed to high sensitivity, low
pressure air gauges having higher bandwidths than are presently
available.
[0008] A pressure sensor in accordance with the invention includes
a diaphragm having a substantially rigid outer portion and a
displaceable inner portion that displaces in response to a pressure
difference between first and second sides of the diaphragm. The
pressure gauge further includes a sensor located proximate to the
diaphragm and adapted to sense the displacement of the diaphragm
inner portion. The pressure gauge further includes a monitor and
control systems coupled to the sensor (wired or wireless), and
adapted to determine the pressure difference from the displacement
of the diaphragm.
[0009] The present invention provides a variety of optional sensing
designs including, without limitation, optical sensing designs and
capacitive sensing designs.
[0010] For low pressure applications, such as nanometer proximity
sensors used in lithography applications, the operational pressure
range of the sensor is approximately 0.1 to 0.5 inches of water.
The resolution of the gauge pressure sensor is preferably approx.
.about.0.001 Pa, this is approx. .about.4.times.10.sup.-5 inches
H.sub.2O. This would allow the gauge to resolve a few nanometers.
Note that 1 (one) inch H.sub.2O=254 Pascals.
[0011] The diaphragm and sensor have a relatively high bandwidth
and can thus be implemented in relatively high speed applications.
The invention can be implemented in, for example, lithography
proximity sensing equipment and lithography topographical mapping
equipment.
[0012] Additional features and advantages of the invention will be
set forth in the description that follows. Yet further features and
advantages will be apparent to a person skilled in the art based on
the description set forth herein or may be learned by practice of
the invention. The advantages of the invention will be realized and
attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written
description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
[0013] It is to be understood that both the foregoing summary and
the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory
and are intended to provide further explanation of the invention as
claimed.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS/FIGURES
[0014] The present invention will be described with reference to
the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numbers indicate
identical or functionally similar elements. Also, the leftmost
digit(s) of the reference numbers identify the drawings in which
the associated elements are first introduced.
[0015] FIG. 1 is a side plan view of a pressure sensor 100,
including a diaphragm 102 and a sensor 104.
[0016] FIG. 2A. is a front plan view of the diaphragm 102.
[0017] FIG. 2B is a side plan view of a substantially rigid outer
portion 202 of the diaphragm 102.
[0018] FIG. 2C is a side plan view of the diaphragm 102, including
the substantially rigid outer portion 202, an inner portion 204,
and a proximity sensor surface 206 shown distended as if under a
differential pressure condition.
[0019] FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of the pressure sensor
100, wherein the sensor 104 and a monitor and control system 106
are implemented with a white-light interferometer.
[0020] FIG. 4 is a side plan view of the pressure sensor 100,
wherein the sensor 104 and the monitor and control system 106 are
implemented with an optical grazing angle sensor.
[0021] FIG. 5 is a side plan view of the pressure sensor 100,
wherein the sensor 104 includes a capacitive sensor 502, and the
proximity surface 206 includes a grounded plate 504.
[0022] FIG. 6 is a side plan view of an air system 600, including a
first leg 602 and a second leg 604, and the pressure sensor 100
positioned in a bridge therebetween.
[0023] FIG. 7 is a side plan view of the pressure sensor 100
implemented in a proximity sensor 700 used in, for example,
lithography.
[0024] FIG. 8 is a side plan view of the pressure sensor 100
implemented in a proximity sensor 800.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
I. Introduction
[0025] The present invention is directed to low pressure air gauges
having higher bandwidths than are presently available. The present
invention can be used in, for example, and without limitation,
lithography proximity sensing and lithography topographical
mapping.
II High Bandwidth, Low Differential Pressure Sensing
[0026] FIG. 1 is a side plan view of a pressure sensor 100
including a flexing plate or diaphragm 102, a diaphragm
displacement sensor 104 (hereinafter "sensor" 104) located
proximate to the diaphragm 102, and a monitor and control system
106 electrically coupled (wired or wireless) to the sensor 104. The
sensor 104 is proximate to the diaphragm, but not necessarily in
physical contact with the diaphragm.
[0027] The diaphragm 102 and the sensor 104 are positioned within a
body 108, between a first area 110 and a second area 112. The
pressure sensor 100 determines a pressure difference between the
first area 110 and the second area 112.
[0028] FIG. 2A is a front plan view of the diaphragm 102. The
diaphragm 102 includes a substantially rigid outer portion 202, for
coupling the diaphragm 102 to an inner wall 114 (FIG. 1) of the
body 108. FIG. 2B is a side plan view of the substantially rigid
outer portion 202. The substantially rigid outer portion 202 is
made from metal, plastic, or other suitable substantially rigid
material, or combinations thereof.
[0029] Referring back to FIG. 2A, the diaphragm 102 further
includes a displaceable inner portion 204 that displaces in
response to a pressure difference between the first and second
areas 110 and 112 (FIG. 1).
[0030] The inner portion 204 is a flexing-plate, membrane-based
portion constructed of a semi-elastic material, such as, for
example and without limitation, mylar, kapton, rubber, and/or
combinations thereof. The inner portion 204 expands in the
direction of low pressure. The inner portion 204 is designed to
respond to ultra low differential pressure in the range of, for
example, and without limitation, approximately 0.1 to 0.5 inches of
water. Alternatively, the inner portion 204 is designed to respond
to other pressure differential ranges.
[0031] The inner portion 204 is attached to the substantially rigid
outer portion 202 in one or more of a variety of manners including,
without limitation, glue, integrally forming, heat sealing,
chemical bonding, and the like.
[0032] The inner portion 204 optionally includes a proximity sensor
surface 206, wherein the sensor 104 (FIG. 1) is sensitive to
movement of the proximity sensor surface 206. The proximity sensor
surface 206 can be the inner portion 204 or a coating or
impregnation thereof. Example coatings and impregnations are
disclosed in one or more sections below.
[0033] FIG. 2C is a side plan view of the diaphragm 102, including
the substantially rigid outer portion 202, the inner portion 204,
and the proximity sensor surface 206 shown distended as if under a
differential pressure condition.
[0034] In the example of FIGS. 1 and 2A, the body 108 has a
cylindrical shape, thus the outer portion 202 has a complementary
circular shape. The invention is not, however, limited to the
example circular shape illustrated herein. One skilled in the
relevant art(s) will understand that other shapes can be utilized
as well, including, without limitation, oval, elliptical, and
polygon.
[0035] The sensor 104 and the proximity sensor surface 206 can be
implemented with one or more of a variety of technologies. Example
implementations of the sensor 104 and the proximity sensor surface
206 are disclosed below. The invention is not, however, limited to
these example implementations. Based on the teachings herein, one
skilled in the relevant art(s) will understand that the sensor 104
and the proximity sensor surface 206 can be implemented with other
technologies as well, which are within the scope of the present
invention.
[0036] The pressure sensor 100 is a relatively high bandwidth
device. Depending upon the materials and circuitry employed, the
pressure sensor can have a bandwidth in the several thousands of
Hz. The present invention is thus useful in both relatively low
speed applications, such as, for example, lithography proximity
sensing, and in relatively higher speed applications, such as, for
example, lithography topography mapping.
III. Interferometer Based Proximity Sensing
[0037] FIG. 3 is a side perspective view of the pressure sensor
100, wherein the sensor 104 and the monitor and control system 106
are implemented with an interferometer. The interferometer utilizes
the proximity surface 206 as a reflecting target. Changes in the
deflection of the proximity surface 206 result in corresponding
changes to reflected light patterns received by the sensor 104. A
decoder within the monitor and control system 106 determines the
relative deflection of the proximity surface 206. The monitor and
control system 106 then converts the deflection measurement of the
proximity surface 206 to a pressure difference between the first
and second areas 110 and 112.
[0038] The interferometer can be implemented with an off-the-shelf
interferometer, including, but not limited to, a white light
interferometer.
IV. Optical Grazing Angle Proximity Sensing
[0039] FIG. 4 is a side plan view of the pressure sensor 100,
wherein the sensor 104 and the monitor and control system 106 are
implemented with an optical grazing angle sensor as taught in, for
example, T. Qui, "Fiber Optics Focus Sensors: Theoretical Model,"
MIT Report, 2000, incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety.
[0040] In operation, first and second optical paths 402 and 404,
respectively, are formed between transmitting and receiving fibers
406 and 408, respectively. The first optical path 402 is between
the transmitting fiber 406 and the receiving fiber 408. The second
optical path 404 is output from the transmitting fiber 406 and
reflects off the proximity surface 206 before being received by the
receiving fiber 408. A first beam of light transmitted from the
transmitting fiber 406 and received by the receiving fiber 408, via
the first optical path 402, and a second beam of light transmitted
from the transmitting fiber 406 and received by the receiving fiber
408, via the second optical path 404, form a spatial diffraction
pattern. The pattern is a function of the relative position of the
proximity surface 206.
[0041] When the proximity surface 206 deflects, illustrated in FIG.
4 as "diaphragm deflection" 410, the receiving fiber 408 receives
intensity-modulated light from the second path 404. A decoder in
the monitor and control system 106 decodes the modulation and
determines a relative deflection of the proximity surface 206. The
monitor and control system 106 then converts the deflection
measurement of the proximity surface 206 (i.e., diaphragm
deflection" 410) to a pressure difference between the first and
second areas 110 and 112.
[0042] In the example of FIG. 4, the transmitting fiber 406
includes optics that split a light from a light source into the
first and second paths 402 and 404. Alternatively, two transmitting
fibers are used with acoustically shifted wavelengths. The
resulting interference pattern at the receiving fiber 408
constantly shifts or moves. When the proximity surface 206 is
motionless, the interference pattern moves with a constant speed.
When the proximity surface 206 moves, the speed of the
corresponding shifting interference pattern changes. A counter in
the monitor and control system 106 decodes the relative deflection
of the diaphragm based on the pattern changes. The monitor and
control system 106 then converts the deflection measurement of the
proximity surface 206 to a pressure difference between the first
and second areas 110 and 112.
V. Capacitive Proximity Sensing
[0043] FIG. 5 is a side plan view of the pressure sensor 100,
wherein the sensor 104 includes a capacitive sensor 502, and the
proximity surface 206 includes a grounded plate 504. The grounded
plate 504 is made, at least in part, from conductive material such
as metal. The capacitive sensor 502 is optionally located
approximately 300 to 500 micrometers from the grounded plate 504.
Gas, such as air, acts as a dielectric between the capacitive
sensor 502 and the grounded plate 504, thus forming a capacitor.
The capacitance is a function of the distance of the grounded plate
504 from the capacitive sensor 502. Changes in the deflection of
the diaphragm 102 result in changes to the capacitance. The monitor
and control system 106 include circuitry, such as a tank circuit,
for example, which generate an oscillation or modulation
corresponding to the capacitive changes. The oscillation or
modulation is then converted to a relative deflection measurement
for the grounded plate 504. The monitor and control system 106 then
converts the deflection measurement of the grounded plate 504 to a
pressure difference between the first and second areas 110 and
112.
[0044] Capacitive sensors are well known and commercially
available, although they are not known by the present inventors to
have been used in conjunction with pressure sensors.
VI. The Pressure Gauge as an Air Gauge
[0045] The pressure sensor 100 is optionally implemented as an air
gauge that measures pressure changes caused by air flow. Such an
air gauge is useful in, for example and without limitation,
proximity sensors for lithography and topographical mapping for
lithography.
[0046] FIG. 6 is a front plan view of an air system 600, including
a first leg 602 and a second leg 604. The pressure sensor 100 is
positioned in the body 108, which forms a bridge between the first
and second legs 602 and 604. The bridge 108 is coupled to the first
and second legs by respective T-connections.
[0047] In the example of FIG. 6, the T-connections are essentially
right angle T-connections. The invention is not, however, limited
to right angle T-connections. Based on the description herein, one
skilled in the relevant art(s) will understand that other angle
connections can be used.
[0048] Air flow through the first and second legs 602 and 604 are
illustrated with arrows. The air flow results in reduced pressure
in areas 110 and 112. When the air flow in leg 602 differs from the
air flow in leg 604, the resulting pressure difference between
areas 110 and 112 will cause the diaphragm 102 to deflect toward
the area of lower pressure. Based on an initial calibration, the
monitor and control system 106 determines relative differences in
air flow between the first and second legs 602 and 604. The
relative difference in air flow can be used, for example, in
lithography proximity sensing, as described below.
VII. Lithography Proximity Sensing
[0049] FIG. 7 is a front plan view of a proximity sensor 700 used
in, for example, lithography. Lithography proximity sensors are
described in, for example, U.S. patent application Ser. No.
10/322,768, titled, "High-Resolution Gas Gauge Proximity Sensor,"
filed Dec. 19, 2002, incorporated herein by reference in its
entirety. An air gauge sensor is also taught in U.S. Pat. No.
4,953,388, titled, "Air Gauge Sensor," issued Sep. 4, 1990, to
Barada, incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0050] In FIG. 7, the proximity sensor 700 includes the first and
second legs 602 and 604. The first leg 602 is coupled to a
measurement probe 702. The second leg 604 is coupled to a reference
probe 708. The first leg 602 is a measurement leg, and the second
leg 604 is a reference leg. The measurement probe is adjacent to a
wafer or other work surface 704, with a measurement gap 706
therebetween. The reference probe is adjacent to a reference
surface 704, with a reference gap 712 therebetween.
[0051] The air flow in the first and second legs 602 and 604 are
initially balanced, resulting in no air pressure difference between
areas 110 and 112. When the measurement gap 706 changes relative to
the reference gap 712, the air flow in the first leg 602 changes
relative to the air flow in the second leg 604, causing a
corresponding pressure change in area 110 relative to the area 112.
The pressure change is sensed by the pressure sensor 100, as
described in sections above.
[0052] Alternatively, the reference leg 604 and the reference probe
708 are replaced with a reference pressure. For example, FIG. 8 is
a side plan view of a proximity sensor 800, in which the reference
leg 604 is replaced with a reference pressure 802. The reference
pressure 802 can be an ambient pressure or a controlled
pressure.
VIII. Conclusion
[0053] The present invention has been described above with the aid
of functional building blocks illustrating the performance of
specified functions and relationships thereof. The boundaries of
these functional building blocks have been arbitrarily defined
herein for the convenience of the description. Alternate boundaries
can be defined so long as the specified functions and relationships
thereof are appropriately performed. Any such alternate boundaries
are thus within the scope and spirit of the claimed invention. One
skilled in the art will recognize that these functional building
blocks can be implemented by discrete components, application
specific integrated circuits, processors executing appropriate
software and the like and combinations thereof.
[0054] While various embodiments of the present invention have been
described above, it should be understood that they have been
presented by way of example only, and not limitation. Thus, the
breadth and scope of the present invention should not be limited by
any of the above-described exemplary embodiments, but should be
defined only in accordance with the following claims and their
equivalents.
* * * * *