U.S. patent application number 11/509376 was filed with the patent office on 2008-03-27 for device for shortening brake activation reaction time.
Invention is credited to Sergey Anikin.
Application Number | 20080073959 11/509376 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39224163 |
Filed Date | 2008-03-27 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080073959 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Anikin; Sergey |
March 27, 2008 |
Device for shortening brake activation reaction time
Abstract
The invention provides an under-thigh support and restrainer for
use in combination with a driver's car seat. The device is made in
the form of a triangular pillow that is attached to the car seat
cushion and supports the driver's leg in a position required for
the minimal time needed to move the driver's foot from the
accelerator pedal to the brake pedal at the moment of danger. The
pillow is provided with straps that can be wrapped around the
driver's right thigh to restrain the driver's leg in the
aforementioned position to allow minimal time for reaching the
brake pedal.
Inventors: |
Anikin; Sergey; (Atherton,
CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Sergey Anikin
87 Walnut Avenue
Atherton
CA
94027
US
|
Family ID: |
39224163 |
Appl. No.: |
11/509376 |
Filed: |
August 24, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
297/284.9 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B60R 2011/0061 20130101;
B60R 2011/0059 20130101; B60N 2/0276 20130101; B60R 11/00 20130101;
B60R 2011/0012 20130101; B60N 2/986 20180201 |
Class at
Publication: |
297/284.9 |
International
Class: |
A47C 3/00 20060101
A47C003/00 |
Claims
1. A combination of a vehicle driver's seat with an under-thigh
support device for supporting the right thigh of a driver in a
position that provides the shortest reaction time for movement of
the driver's leg from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal and
for activation of the brake, wherein said vehicle driver's seat has
a vehicle driver's seat cushion, said under-thigh support device
comprising: an under-thigh support body having means for preventing
sliding of said under-thigh support body on the surface of the
vehicle driver's seat cushion and a support surface that is raised
above the surface of the vehicle driver's seat cushion and is
tapered in the direction from the right thigh of the driver towards
the center of said vehicle driver's seat cushion for supporting the
driver's thigh in said position that provides the shortest reaction
time for movement of the driver's leg from the accelerator pedal to
the brake pedal and for activation of the brake.
2. The combination of claim 1, wherein said means for preventing
sliding is a surface with a high coefficient of friction relative
to said surface of the vehicle driver's seat cushion.
3. The combination of claim 2, wherein said surface with a high
coefficient of friction relative to said surface of the vehicle
driver's seat cushion is formed by Velcro fasteners.
4. The combination of claim 3, wherein said under-thigh support
body is further provided with automatically releasable restraining
means for restraining the right thigh of the driver in said
position that provides the shortest reaction time for movement of
the driver's leg from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal and
for activation of the brake.
5. The combination of claim 4, wherein said releasable restraining
means comprise at least a pair of strips attached to said
under-thigh support body, said releasable restraining means having
connecting elements on their ends and having a length sufficient to
engage said connecting means in a position wrapped around the
driver's right thigh.
6. The combination of claim 5, wherein said connecting elements are
Velcro fasteners.
7. The combination of claim 2, wherein said means for preventing
sliding is a vehicle driver's seat cushion case that can fit onto
said vehicle driver's seat cushion, said vehicle driver's seat
cushion case having strips for attaching said vehicle driver's seat
cushion case to the vehicle driver's seat cushion and having at
least a part of the surface of said vehicle driver's seat cushion
case that can be engaged with said means for preventing
sliding.
8. The combination of claim 7, wherein said means for preventing
sliding and at least a part of the surface of said vehicle driver's
seat cushion case comprise Velcro fasteners.
9. The combination of claim 7, wherein said under-thigh support
body is further provided with automatically releasable restraining
means for restraining the right thigh of the driver in said
position that provides the shortest reaction time for movement of
the driver's leg from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal and
for pushing on the brake pedal.
10. The combination of claim 9, wherein said releasable restraining
means comprise at least a pair of strips attached to said
under-thigh support body, said releasable restraining means having
connecting elements on their ends and having a length sufficient to
engage said connecting means in a position wrapped around the
driver's right thigh.
11. The combination of claim 1, wherein said under-thigh support
body is built into said vehicle driver's seat cushion, said
combination further comprising a support moving mechanism for
moving said under-thigh support body between a first position where
said means for preventing sliding comprise a contact surface that
coincides with the surface of said vehicle seat cushion and a
second position where said contact surface is raised above said
vehicle seat cushion and is tapered from the right thigh of the
driver toward the center of said vehicle driver's seat cushion.
12. The combination of claim 11, wherein said support moving
mechanism comprises: a pivot axis that rotatingly supports said
under-thigh support body to said vehicle driver's seat; a rotatable
handle attached to said vehicle driver's seat; and a mechanism
between said rotatable handle and said under-thigh support body
that is capable of moving said under-thigh support between said
first position and said second position when said rotatable handle
is rotated.
13. The combination of claim 12, wherein said mechanism comprises a
screw rigidly connected to said rotatable handle, a nut engaged
with said screw, and a link, one end of which is pivotally
connected to said nut and another end is pivotally connected to
said under-thigh support body.
14. The combination of claim 1, wherein said under-thigh support
body comprises a pillow having a triangular shape.
15. The combination of claim 2, wherein said under-thigh support
body comprises a pillow having a triangular shape.
16. The combination of claim 3, wherein said under-thigh support
body comprises a pillow having a triangular shape.
17. The combination of claim 4, wherein said under-thigh support
body comprises a pillow having a triangular shape.
18. The combination of claim 11, wherein said under-thigh support
body comprises a pillow having a triangular shape.
19. The combination of claim 12, wherein said under-thigh support
body comprises a pillow having a triangular shape.
20. The combination of claim 13, wherein said under-thigh support
body comprises a pillow having a triangular shape.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to ergonomics, in particular
to ergonomics of a vehicle driver as a biomechanical system. More
specifically, the invention relates to a combination of a car seat
with a thigh-movement restraining means and an under-thigh support
for use by a driver of a vehicle in order to shorten brake
activation reaction time and to reduce fatigue.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Car crashes now claim more than 40,000 lives each year in
the United States, a number that has slowly declined from about
50,000 per year over the last four decades. Automobile crashes are
the leading cause of death among people 1 to 34 years of age,
accounting for 3.4 million nonfatal injuries annually and costing
an estimated 200 billion dollars. Rates of automobile fatalities
and injuries per driver and per mile driven have decreased
substantially because of safer cars and roads, laws that discourage
drunk driving, and other measures, but the absolute toll of
automobile crashes remains high.
[0003] By the year 2025 thirty three million people will be 70
years or older in America. This segment of the population will grow
2.5 times as fast as the total population and will comprise the
largest percentage of "slow-reaction" accidents. Slowly but surely,
senior citizens have developed a higher accident ratio than
teenagers. Also, by 2025, total costs for motor vehicle accidents
in the United States will exceed 450 billion dollars.
[0004] It took several decades to install seatbelts in cars. The
auto industry at the time believed that safety would not sell and
that emphasis on safety features would scare the public.
[0005] Advertising generally focused on comfort, style, and
performance. At the same time, efforts to reduce traffic crashes
never focused on the automobile but rather on the driver or the
road.
[0006] When driving a vehicle, the driver's leg that controls the
accelerator and brake pedals can be considered as a biomechanical
system, the model of which is shown in FIG. 1. In the context of
the present invention, the part of the leg from the fulcrum point H
of the heel on the vehicle floor to the knee joint KN is referred
to as "leg" L; the part of the driver's leg from point H to the
point T1 of contact with the accelerator pedal 20 is referred to as
"foot" FT; and the part of the driver's leg from point KN to the
pelvic floor joint PF, which is considered to be the fulcrum point
on the vehicle seat 22, is referred to as "thigh" TH. FIG. 2 is a
view of the driver's right leg in the direction of arrow A in FIG.
1. Two planes are taken into consideration to analyze the movement
in which the driver's leg participates. The first plane is plane
I-I which is slightly inclined with respect to vertical plane V-V
and passes through the thigh TH and leg L, i.e., the plane that
passes through the joints PF, KN, and H' (where H' is a heel joint
[FIGS. 1 and 2]). Plane I-I corresponds to the unrestrained
position of the leg during normal driving with the foot PT on the
accelerator pedal 20. The second plane is plane II-II that passes
through the same joints when the foot FT is on the brake pedal 24.
The position of the leg in plane II-II is shown by broken
lines.
[0007] Let us consider the movements of the driver's leg when
driving a car with an automatic gear box wherein two pedals, i.e.,
the accelerator pedal and the brake pedal, are used to control the
car. Although these movements are more complicated in reality, in a
simplified form they may be considered as the following two modes.
Let us assume that the initial position of the leg is with the foot
FT on the accelerator pedal 20. When braking is necessary, the
driver with relatively short legs first slightly raises the foot FT
from the floor F so that the heel is disconnected from point H and
the leg is shifted sidewise to the brake pedal 24. In this
movement, the entire leg is raised as a fulcrum relative to the
point PF. The driver then turns the entire leg relative to plane
I-I to plane II-II and moves it down in order to press on the brake
pedal 24.
[0008] In the second mode, which is more typical of a driver with
relatively long legs, the driver merely turns the foot FT relative
to the point H in order to brake from the position on the
accelerator pedal 20.
[0009] In reality, the aforementioned movements are more
complicated and may comprise a combination of both movements
simultaneously. In the context of the present patent application,
movement of the foot from the accelerator pedal to the brake pedal
also includes the movement of pushing on the brake pedal until
actual initiation of the brakes, i.e., to the moment when the brake
lights are ignited.
[0010] It is important to consider the aforementioned movements
with regard to the time of braking. The inventor has experimentally
proven that when a human being accomplishes braking movements on
the basis of subconscious reflexes, the aforementioned movements
are not at all optional. In other words, there exists a certain
unnatural position of the pedal-controlling leg that can provide a
more optimal breaking condition, i.e., the condition that allows
the shortening of braking time and hence of the braking path.
[0011] Heretofore many studies have been conducted to improve the
ergonomics for a vehicle driver. For example, "Survey of Auto Seat
Design Recommendations for Improved Comfort" by M. P. Reed, et al.
(University of Michigan, Transportation Research Institute, Ann
Arbor), 1994 contains a review of a large body of literature with
emphasis on fit parameters related to anthropometric measurements,
feel parameters, including pressure distribution and vapor
permeability, and support parameters defined with respect to
seating posture. Particular attention is given to appropriate
lumbar support configuration.
[0012] U.S. Pat. No. 6,170,355 issued in 2001 to W. Fay, III
discloses an easily adjustable foot-operated pedal assembly, such
as a brake pedal for use in heavy equipment, that can be placed in
multiple positions to accommodate people of differing heights and
body shapes.
[0013] U.S. Pat. No. 7,051,613 issued in 2006 to Burton, et al,
discloses an adjustable pedal assembly for a vehicle that includes
an adjustment bracket adapted for mounting on a vehicle, and the
adjustment bracket includes a pair of outwardly extending side
portions having a vertically extending arcuate slot. The adjustable
pedal assembly also includes a pedal arm pivotally attached to the
adjustment bracket using a pivot pin, such that an end of the pivot
pin is slidably disposed within the arcuate slot in the adjustment
bracket. The adjustable pedal assembly further includes a pedal pad
mounted to the pedal arm and a pedal adjustment mechanism
operatively attached to the pedal arm for adjusting the position of
the pedal arm along a predetermined path such that the pivot pin is
slidably positioned in the arcuate slot relative to the
predetermined path of the pedal arm in order to ergonomically
position the pedal pad.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 7,077,476 issued in 2006 to McMillen relates
to an ergonomic weight support device for a driver's or a
passenger's seat. Among other elements of the seat carcass
attention is drawn to a thigh support. However, the main emphasis
of this patent is on development of a universal ergonomic support
that occupies less space, costs less to manufacture and install,
simplifies manufacture, decreases needed components, and uses a
more robust mechanism for supporting the weight of a human
passenger.
[0015] The necessity for raising an under-thigh support is
mentioned in many advertisements of modern cars. For example, in
"Nissan 350Z GT--MotorBar Road Test" it is stated that "a raised
bolster in the middle of the seat cushion helps give extra
under-thigh support for more precise operation of the pedal." In
the pamphlet titled "Follow-Up Test: 2006 Jeep Grand Cherokee SRT8"
it is stated that "the long-haul comfort is commendable too, with
excellent under-thigh support and feeling of the seats wrapping
around."
[0016] However, all of these under-thigh support means relate to
ergonomically profiled seats and do not provide positive and
adjustable means for finding and securing a position of the leg
most optimal for shortening reaction time from the moment the
driver sees a danger to the moment of pressing on the brake
pedal.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0017] It is an object of the invention to provide a combination of
a car seat with an under-thigh support for shortening brake
activation reaction time and for reducing the driver's fatigue. It
is another object to provide an under-thigh pillow for a driver of
a vehicle that can be placed in the position most optimal for
shortening brake activation reaction time. A further object is to
provide the aforementioned under-thigh pillow with means for
securing the pillow in an appropriate position on the driver's seat
and for securing the driver's leg in the position required for
minimal braking time. Still another object is to provide an
adjustable under-thigh support that is built into the driver's
seat.
[0018] The present invention provides an under-thigh support and
restrainer for use in combination with a driver's car seat.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the device is made in
the form of a pillow having a flat lower surface that during use is
maintained in contact with the surface of the seat cushion and an
upper thigh-supporting surface which in the working position is
tapered in the direction from the edge of the seat cushion toward
the driver and is used for supporting the driver's thigh and hence
the driver's leg in the position required for minimal time from
detection of danger to activation of the brakes. The device is
intended not only for comfortably supporting the driver's right leg
in the aforementioned position but also for maintaining the leg in
this position by using restraining means such as snaps, hooks and
loops, and, in particular, hook- and loop-type fasteners which are
commercially available under the trademark Velcro, or other
fasteners that can be easily and automatically disconnected from
the leg in case of emergency. The under-thigh pillow of the
invention may have the aforementioned hook and loop fasteners on
the lower surface if the seat cushion is not made from leather but
rather from a material that can be easily engaged with such
fasteners. If the seat cushion is made from leather or another
smooth material with a low coefficient of friction, the triangular
pillow can be used in combination with a seat cushion case that can
be easily placed onto the seat cushion and can be made from a
material that can be engaged with the Velcro-type straps so that
the pillow with the restraining straps can be attached to the
cushion case in the position most optimal for shortening the
braking time. According to still another embodiment, the
under-thigh support pillow is built into the driver's seat and can
be maintained in the seat cushion in a hidden position inside the
seat cushion with the upper surface of the pillow in the same plane
as the surface of the cushion or can be raised to the
aforementioned position most optimal for the specific driver with
regard to his/her weight, height, and posture. In addition to the
functional features associated with optimal conditions for braking,
the under-thigh pillow reduces muscle strains and driver
fatigue.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0019] FIG. 1 is a side view on the driver's leg as a biomechanical
system.
[0020] FIG. 2 is a view in the direction of arrow A in FIG. 1.
[0021] FIG. 3 is a three-dimensional view of an under-thigh pillow
in accordance with one embodiment of the invention.
[0022] FIG. 4 is a three-dimensional view of the under-thigh
support pillow of FIG. 3 installed in a working position on the car
seat cushion without the use of restraining strips.
[0023] FIG. 5 is a three-dimensional view of the under-thigh
support pillow of FIG. 3 installed in a working position on the car
seat cushion with the use of a car seat cushion case.
[0024] FIG. 6 is a sectional view of the car seat with a built-in
under-thigh support pillow of the invention and with a mechanism of
the invention for adjusting positions of the under-thigh support
pillow.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0025] A three-dimensional view of the device made in accordance
with one embodiment of the invention is shown in FIG. 3. It can be
seen that this device comprises an under-thigh support pillow 30
that is intended for use in combination with a seat cushion of a
car seat (not shown in FIG. 3) in order to support the driver's leg
and preferably to restrain the driver's leg in a position most
optimal from the viewpoint of shortening the brake activation
reaction time.
[0026] A pillow body 32 has a flat contact surface 34 that during
use of the device is maintained in contact with the surface of the
seat cushion 36 (a three-dimensional view of a car seat 38 shown in
FIG. 4) and an upper thigh-supporting surface 40, which in the
working position of the device, is tapered in the direction from
the edge 42 (FIG. 4) of the seat cushion 36 toward the driver (not
shown) and is used for supporting the driver's thigh and hence the
driver's leg in a position required for minimal braking time.
[0027] In the embodiment of FIGS. 3 and 4, means for securing the
thigh-supporting pillow 30 to the seat cushion are made in the form
of friction strips 44, 46, and 48. These strips comprise
hook-and-loop fasteners which are commercially available under the
trademark Velcro (hereinafter referred to as fasteners). Such
fasteners are suitable for securing the pillow body 30 only when
the car seat cushion is made from a material with a high
coefficient of friction such as a rough fabric, which can be
engaged with fasteners. A pair of Velcro straps 50 and 52 with
mutually engageable surfaces on their ends are intended for
wrapping around the driver's thigh in order to fix it in the
aforementioned, optimal thigh-supporting position.
[0028] It is understood that strips 44, 46, and 48 are not suitable
for seat cushions covered by leather or a similar material having a
low coefficient of friction. In order to use the under-thigh pillow
32 on leather seats, the triangular pillow can be used in
combination with a seat cushion case 54 of the type shown in FIG.
5. The seat cushion case 54 can be made from a material that can be
easily engaged with the Velcro strip 56, or a Velcro strip 56 can
be permanently attached to the area of the seat pillow case that
corresponds to the position of the pillow 30. The seat cushion case
54 may have back straps 58 and 60 that go behind the seat cushion
36 to secure the seat cushion case 54, and the ends of the back
straps can be tightened and tied, e.g., with Velcro fasteners 58a
and 60a or snaps, etc. The lower edge of the cushion case 54 can be
trimmed with a rubber cord 62 to secure the lower end of the
cushion case 54 on the seat and to tightly embrace the surface of
the entire seat cushion with the material of the cushion case
54.
[0029] According to another embodiment of the invention, the
under-thigh support pillow can be built into the structure of the
car seat to mechanically raise the pillow to the working position.
For example, a simple mechanism 64 shown in FIG. 6 in a
cross-sectional view of the car seat 66 can be used for shifting an
under-thigh support pillow 68 between the position withdrawn into
the seat cushion 70 shown in FIG. 6 by solid lines and the raised
position of the pillow 68 shown in FIG. 6 by broken lines. In this
embodiment, the upper surface 68a of the pillow 68 faces outward
and is maintained substantially in the plane of the seat cushion 70
when the pillow 68 is in the withdrawn position. The pillow 68 may
have any appropriate shape but preferably should have a triangular
cross section where in the withdrawn position of the pillow the
aforementioned upper surface 68a of the pillow 68 functions as a
support surface for the thigh. The pillow is pivotally supported on
an axle 72 that is installed in the innermost apex of the
triangular cross section of the pillow so that the pillow 68 can be
raised and lowered by rotating on the axle 72. These rotary motions
are carried out with the use of a mechanism formed by a link 74,
one end of which is pivotally attached to the pillow 68 by means of
a pin 76, while the other end thereof is pivotally attached to a
nut 78. The latter engages a screw 80 which is rotatingly supported
in frame 82 of the car seat 66. The outer end of the screw that
projects from the car seat supports a handle or a knob 84 located
in the position easily reachable by the driver's hand.
[0030] By rotating the knob 84, it is possible to raise the
under-thigh pillow 68 from the position shown in FIG. 5 by solid
lines to the position shown by broken lines.
[0031] The pillow may have any suitable shape provided that the
upper surface thereof can be arranged at an angle to the upper
surface of the seat cushion tapering down from the door side to the
central part of the seat cushion. The interior of the under-thigh
support pillow can be stuffed with a sponged plastic or fabric, or
the interior may contain an inflatable structure. The pillow body
can be stuffed with the same foam plastic that is used for filling
conventional car seat cushions.
[0032] The outer surface of the pillow of the invention is coated
with a non-slip material, such as, e.g., one known under the trade
name "Snugtex" (NFA Corporation, MA) which will work on all sorts
of fabric and leather materials without slippage of the pillow when
a person is driving without use of the aforementioned Velcro
strips.
[0033] Investigations show that the total stopping distance of a
vehicle is made up of four components: human perception time, human
reaction time, vehicle reaction time, and vehicle braking
capability.
[0034] Human perception time is the time it takes for the driver to
see the hazard and for the brain to realize it is a hazard
requiring immediate reaction. This component of stopping distance
is a human factor and, as such, can be affected by age, tiredness,
alcohol, fatigue, and concentration levels. Once the brain realizes
danger, the human reaction time is the time it takes to move the
foot from the accelerator to the brake pedal and then to depress
the pedal. The movement time from the accelerator to the brake is
approximately 500 ms (according to the University of Iowa).
[0035] When the under-thigh pillow 30 or 68 of the invention is
placed onto the car seat cushion or raised into the working
position, which is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 and by broken lines in
FIG. 6, and in which the driver's right leg assumes the
above-described position and is fixed in the position that ensures
the shortest brake activation time, then during driving the
aforementioned brake response and activation time can be reduced by
50 to 150 ms, i.e., by 10% to 30% of the overall braking response
time. For example, if a person is driving a car at 55 mph (88
km/hr), i.e., about 80.67 feet/sec. (27 m/sec.), the pillow saves 4
to 12 feet (1.3 to 4 m) before the brakes are even applied because
it changes the geometry of the foot movement. More specifically,
the pillow shortens the momentum required for the driver's foot to
reach the brake pedal.
[0036] Here is another numerical example. A vehicle traveling at 65
mph (104 km/hr) covers 96 feet/sec. (32 m/sec.). Once the brain has
recognized the need to brake, it still takes another half second or
48 feet (16 m), in some cases 650 ms or 62.4 feet (20.8 m), to
initiate the braking action (essentially, to move the foot from the
accelerator pedal to the brake pedal and to push on the brake
pedal). The under-thigh pillow decreases stopping distance up to
30%, or up to 21 feet (about 7 meters), before the brakes are even
applied (in some cases during testing the inventor herein got up to
41% between the results with and without pillow, especially for
senior drivers). Moreover, the pillow reduces stress that is
exerted on the lower back and right leg muscles.
[0037] It is understood that although, in general, the optimal
position of the under-thigh support pillow will be common to
various drivers of normal build, strictly speaking it may be
individualized, especially for very slim or overweight people as
well as for male and female drivers. Furthermore, the optimal
position of the pillow should be relocated and readjusted when the
driver wears different clothes, e.g., in winter and summer,
etc.
[0038] Thus, it has been shown that the invention provides a
combination of a car seat with an under-thigh support for
shortening the brake activation reaction time and for reducing the
driver's fatigue. The pillow can be placed into the position most
optimal for shortening the brake activation reaction time. The
pillow of the invention is provided with means for securing the
pillow in an appropriate position on the driver's seat and for
securing the driver's leg in the position required for minimal
braking time. The invention also provides an adjustable under-thigh
support that is built into the driver's seat.
[0039] Although the invention has been shown and described with
reference to specific embodiments, it is understood that these
embodiments should not be construed as limiting the areas of
application of the invention and that any changes and modifications
are possible, provided that these changes and modifications do not
depart from the scope of the attached patent claims. For example,
the pillow of the invention can be replaced by a raised portion of
the car seat cushion. The pillow may have an inflatable structure.
The principle of the invention for locating the driver's leg in the
optimal position for shortening the brake reaction time is
applicable for positions of the driver in vehicles for left-hand
traffic as well as in vehicles with a non-automatic transmission,
i.e., with a stick-shift control of speeds. In FIG. 6 the knob 84
is shown on the left side of the seat. However, depending on the
construction of the seat, the knob 84 and the screw 80 may be
located on the opposite side of the seat.
* * * * *