U.S. patent application number 11/802324 was filed with the patent office on 2008-03-20 for gas turbine engine casing.
Invention is credited to Cedric B. Harper, Ian G. Martindale.
Application Number | 20080069688 11/802324 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 36687616 |
Filed Date | 2008-03-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080069688 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Harper; Cedric B. ; et
al. |
March 20, 2008 |
Gas turbine engine casing
Abstract
An annular fan casing of a gas turbine engine includes a
plurality of fan track liner panels, secured to the radially inner
surface of the fan casing. The panels are secured using mechanical
fasteners, which are secured into non-load-bearing regions of the
fan casing so as not to compromise the load-carrying or containment
functions of the fan casing.
Inventors: |
Harper; Cedric B.; (Derby,
GB) ; Martindale; Ian G.; (Derby, GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MANELLI DENISON & SELTER
2000 M STREET NW SUITE 700
WASHINGTON
DC
20036-3307
US
|
Family ID: |
36687616 |
Appl. No.: |
11/802324 |
Filed: |
May 22, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
415/196 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F05D 2240/90 20130101;
F02C 7/05 20130101; F05D 2260/30 20130101; F01D 21/045 20130101;
Y02T 50/671 20130101; Y02T 50/60 20130101; F02K 3/06 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
415/196 |
International
Class: |
F01D 25/24 20060101
F01D025/24 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
May 24, 2006 |
GB |
0610271.9 |
Claims
1. A casing for a gas turbine engine, the casing comprising a
generally cylindrical or frustoconical annulus, at least one liner
panel being positioned radially inward of the casing, the or each
liner panel being removably securable on the casing by at least one
mechanical fastener which in use passes through the liner panel,
characterised in that the or each mechanical fastener is not
secured to the annulus of the casing.
2. A casing as in claim 1, in which the annulus has a first flange
and a second flange axially spaced apart, and in which in use the
annulus provides a load path at least between the first flange and
the second flange.
3. A casing as in claim 2, in which the or each mechanical fastener
is not secured to the annulus of the casing between the first
flange and the second flange.
4. A casing as in any preceding claim, in which the annulus forms
part of a containment system.
5. A casing as in any preceding claim, in which the casing further
comprises a member extending generally radially inwards from the
annulus, and in which in use at least one mechanical fastener is
secured to the member.
6. A casing as in any of claims 1 to 4, in which the casing further
comprises a first member and a second member each extending
generally radially inwards from the annulus, the first and second
members being axially spaced apart.
7. A casing as in claim 6, in which in use at least one mechanical
fastener is secured to at least one of the first and second
members.
8. A casing as in claim 6, in which the or each liner panel
comprises at least one hook, and in which in use at least one
mechanical fastener is secured to either the first or the second
member, and the hook or hooks engage with the other of the first
and second members.
9. A casing as in claim 8, in which a seal is provided between the
hook or hooks and the member with which the hook or hooks
engage.
10. A casing as in claim 9, in which the seal is an O-ring
seal.
11. A casing as in any of claims 8 to 10, in which the hook or
hooks include at least one anti-rotation feature which in use
engages with a corresponding feature on the casing.
12. A casing as in any preceding claim, in which a layer of sealant
is provided on at least part of the radially outer surface of the
or each liner panel, to inhibit fretting and vibration.
13. A casing as in claim 12, in which the sealant is a
polysulphide.
14. A casing as in any preceding claim, in which the or each
mechanical fastener is a threaded fastener.
15. A casing for a gas turbine engine substantially as described in
this specification, with reference to and as shown in FIGS. 2 to 13
of the accompanying drawings.
Description
[0001] This invention relates to gas turbine engines, and more
particularly to fan casings for such engines.
[0002] Turbofan gas turbine engines for powering aircraft
conventionally comprise a core engine, which drives a fan. The fan
comprises a number of radially extending fan blades mounted on a
fan rotor, enclosed by a generally cylindrical or frustoconical fan
casing. The core engine comprises one or more turbines, each one of
which comprises a number of radially extending turbine blades,
enclosed by a generally cylindrical or frustoconical casing.
[0003] There is a remote possibility with such engines that part or
all of a fan blade or a turbine blade could become detached from
the remainder of the fan or turbine. In the case of a fan blade
becoming detached this may occur as a result of, for example, the
turbofan gas turbine engine ingesting a bird or other foreign
object.
[0004] The use of containment rings for turbofan gas turbine engine
casings is well known. It is known to provide generally cylindrical
or frustoconical, relatively thick, metallic containment rings. It
is also known to provide generally cylindrical or frustoconical,
locally thickened, isogrid metallic containment rings. Furthermore,
it is known to provide strong fibrous material wound around
relatively thin metallic casings or around the above-mentioned
containment casings. In the event that a blade becomes detached it
passes through the casing and is contained by the fibrous
material.
[0005] There is a requirement to provide a fan track liner within
the fan casing. Conventionally the fan track liner is attached
within the fan casing by mechanical fasteners passing through the
liner and secured into or through the fan casing, or by
adhesive.
[0006] Conventional mechanical attachment of fan track liners uses
fasteners extending radially through reinforced regions of the
liner panel. These fasteners produce steps and gaps, which
interfere with the aerodynamic flow over the liner panel. The
presence of the reinforced regions increases the weight and cost of
the liner panels. Furthermore, the fasteners must be secured into
or through the fan casing, which weakens the casing and may
interfere with its ability to contain a detached fan blade.
[0007] Adhesive bonding of the fan track liner to the fan casing
must be performed under controlled conditions. If a liner has to be
replaced in service it may be difficult to control the bonding
conditions, and this can result in unsatisfactory attachment of the
liner to the casing. It can be difficult to remove a damaged liner
without also damaging the fan casing. The design of fan casings has
to include an allowance for possible weakening caused by such
damage. This increases the cost and weight of the fan casing.
[0008] Accordingly, this invention seeks to provide a novel fan
track liner for a gas turbine engine which overcomes the
above-mentioned problems.
[0009] The invention will be more fully described, by way of
example, with reference to the following drawings in which:
[0010] FIG. 1 is a section through a fan case assembly of known
type;
[0011] FIG. 2 is a section through the forward part of a fan case
assembly according to the invention;
[0012] FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of the part of the fan case
assembly identified by the arrow III in FIG. 2;
[0013] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the part of the fan case
assembly identified by the arrow IV in FIG. 2;
[0014] FIG. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the arrangement
shown in FIG. 4;
[0015] FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the arrangement at
the forward end of the fan case assembly of FIG. 2;
[0016] FIG. 7 shows a further alternative embodiment of the
arrangement at the forward end of the fan case, assembly of FIG.
2;
[0017] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the liner panel of FIG. 7,
viewed approximately along the arrow VIII in FIG. 7;
[0018] FIG. 9 is a section through the forward part of a fan case
assembly according to the invention, showing a further alternative
embodiment;
[0019] FIG. 10 is another view of the arrangement of FIG. 9, viewed
along the arrow X in FIG. 9;
[0020] FIG. 11 is a sectional view on the line XI-XI in FIG.
10;
[0021] FIG. 12 shows an alternative embodiment of the arrangement
at the forward end of the fan case assembly of FIG. 9;
[0022] FIG. 13 is a view of the arrangement of FIG. 12, along the
line XIII in FIG. 12.
[0023] FIG. 1 shows a partial section through a fan case assembly
of known type in a gas turbine engine. The annular fan case 112 is
generally cylindrical or frustoconical in shape. It has a forward
flange 15 and a rearward flange 17, attached to further structure
of the gas turbine engine, which is not shown. These flanges 15 and
17, and the annulus of the fan case 112 between them, provide a
load path through which mechanical loads may be transmitted during
the operation of the gas turbine engine. Within the annular fan
case 112 are secured front acoustic panels 14, rear acoustic panels
16 and fan track liner panels 18. The panels are formed in
segments, so that a number of panels are butted together to form a
complete ring around the inner surface of the fan case 112. All of
the panels are attached to the fan case 112 using adhesive.
[0024] FIG. 2 shows the forward part of a fan case arrangement
according to the invention. The front and rear acoustic panels are
omitted for clarity. The fan case 212 has two ribs 22 and 24 which
extend around the circumference. The forward rib 22 is enlarged, at
its radially-inner end, to form a foot 26 extending axially forward
and rearward. The fan track liner 28 comprises an injection moulded
liner tray 30. At its forward end the liner tray 30 has an
extension 40. Bonded within this tray 30 is a honeycomb panel 32,
and attrition liners 34 are in turn bonded to the honeycomb panel
32. The liner tray 30 extends around 20.degree. of the
circumference, so that a full set of fan track liner panels 28
consists of eighteen panels. Each liner panel 28 is secured to the
fan case 212 at two axial positions, indicated by the lines 36 and
38. These areas are shown in more detail in FIGS. 3 and 4.
[0025] FIG. 3 shows the extended foot 26 of the forward rib 22. The
liner tray extension 40 is secured to the foot 26 by a countersunk
screw 42. In this embodiment, each liner panel 28 has three screws
42 spaced circumferentially.
[0026] FIG. 4 shows the rearward rib 24 of the fan case 212. The
rear part of the liner tray 30 is secured to the rib 24 by a
countersunk screw 44. In this embodiment, each liner panel 28 has
three screws 44 spaced circumferentially.
[0027] A layer of polysulphide sealant is applied to the outer
surface of the liner tray 30. This prevents frettage between the
liner tray and the fan casing 212 and damps vibration, and will
also help to prevent rotation of the liner panels around the casing
212, in case of heavy rubbing of the fan blade tips on the
attrition liner 34.
[0028] FIG. 5 shows an alternative arrangement of the rearward rib
24. In this embodiment, the rib 524 is L-shaped, and so is the
rearward part of the liner tray 530. The countersunk screw 544
secures the liner tray 530 to the rib 524.
[0029] FIG. 6 shows an alternative embodiment of the fan casing
arrangement, in which the front acoustic panel (FAP) is
incorporated into the fan track liner panel. The forward rib 22 can
be seen, as in FIG. 2, with a foot 626. The liner tray 630 is
extended forward, to form a second tray 46. The front acoustic
panel honeycomb 54 is bonded into the second tray 46. A hook 48 is
formed at the forward extremity of the tray 46. The liner panel 628
therefore incorporates both the FAP and the fan track liner. A clip
50 secures the hook 48, and thereby the liner panel 628, to the fan
casing 612. An O-ring seal 52 provides better location of the hook
48 and prevents vibration. The rearward end of the liner tray 630
is secured by screws, as in previous embodiments.
[0030] The same means of securing the forward part of the liner
panel may be applied to the embodiment of FIG. 2. FIG. 7
illustrates such an embodiment. The fan casing 212 and the forward
rib 22 are as in FIG. 2. The foot 726 has a groove 56 on its
rearward part, to accommodate an O-ring seal 58. The liner tray 730
has a part-annular hook 60 formed at its forward end, and this
engages with the O-ring seal 58 to provide a radial location of the
liner panel 28 within the fan casing 212. Also, in this embodiment,
a number of anti-rotation features 62 are provided within the fan
casing 212. These features 62 take the form of pegs, extending
radially inwardly from the casing 212 and equally spaced around its
circumference. The front portion of the liner tray 730 is provided
with corresponding recesses 64 (more clearly visible in FIG. 8). In
use, each anti-rotation feature 62 locates between respective sides
64a, 64b of a recess 64, so as to prevent the liner panel 28 from
moving in a circumferential direction, for example during heavy fan
blade rubs.
[0031] FIG. 9 shows another embodiment of the arrangement of FIG.
2, with a further alternative attachment for the forward part of
the liner panel. The arrangement of the fan casing 212 is
substantially as in FIG. 2, with forward and rearward ribs 22, 24.
The forward rib has an enlarged foot 26. The liner tray 930 is
formed of pressed metal. As in previous embodiments, a honeycomb
panel 32 is bonded within the liner tray 930, and an attrition
liner 34 is bonded to the honeycomb panel 32. The forward part of
the liner tray 930 is castellated to form hooks 66, which locate
inside the foot 26 of the forward rib 22 to provide a radial
location. FIG. 10 is a view along the arrow X in FIG. 9. The hooks
66 are visible at the forward end of the liner tray 930. In this
embodiment, each liner tray 930 has three hooks 66. The rearward
part of the liner tray 930 is fastened in the same manner as in
Figure. 2. Also visible in FIG. 10 are four cutouts 68, which
reduce the weight of the liner tray 930.
[0032] Referring still to FIG. 10 and also to FIG. 11 (which is a
view on the line XI-XI in FIG. 10), anti-rotation features 70 are
also provided within the fan casing 212. These consist of pegs
extending radially inwardly from the casing 212 and equally spaced
around its circumference. At an appropriate position on each liner
tray 930, a tang 72 is formed by bending a portion of the edge of
the liner tray 930. In use, the tang engages with a corresponding
peg 70 to prevent rotation of the liner tray.
[0033] FIG. 12 shows an alternative mounting arrangement for the
forward end of the liner panel 28, in the embodiment of FIG. 9.
Hooks 66 provide a radial location for the liner panel, as
described above. The anti-rotation features in this arrangement
take the form of interlocking castellations. These are more clearly
visible in FIG. 13, which is a view on the arrow XIII in FIG. 12.
Castellations are formed on the rearward part 74 of the enlarged
foot 1226, and on the forward part 76 of the liner tray 930. In
use, castellations 78 on the liner tray 930 engage with
corresponding castellations 80 on the foot 1226, preventing
rotation of the liner panel 28.
[0034] Although particular embodiments of the invention have been
described, it will be apparent to a skilled person that various
changes and modifications can be made without departing from the
spirit of the invention. Some examples of possible changes and
modifications are set out below, though these are not intended to
be exhaustive.
[0035] The liner tray 30 may be pressed metal, or composite, or
laser cut from metal sheet. The liner tray 30 may extend around any
convenient arc of the circumference, so that a full set of fan
track liner panels 28 consists of fewer or more panels than are
described in the embodiments above. It is envisaged that the
minimum arc for each panel 28 would be of the order of 100 (a full
set consisting of 36 panels), and the maximum arc would be of the
order of 90.degree. (a full set consisting of four panels).
[0036] The numbers of screws (42, 44), hooks (48, 66) and
anti-rotation features (62, 70, 78) provided on each panel 28 may
be any suitable number.
[0037] The O-ring seal 52, 58 may be replaced by a seal of another
type, or may be dispensed with altogether.
[0038] The polysulphide sealant may be replaced by an equivalent
sealant of different chemical composition.
[0039] The locating recesses 64 may be machined or moulded,
according to the material from which the liner tray 730 is made,
and may be of a different shape from that shown in FIG. 8.
[0040] A different number of cutouts 68 may be provided, and they
may be of a different shape from that described. Cutouts may also
be provided in the liner trays of the other embodiments described.
Likewise, the different types of anti-rotation features described
in the several embodiments may be freely interchanged between those
embodiments.
* * * * *