U.S. patent application number 11/760381 was filed with the patent office on 2008-03-20 for eletrically-powered programmable package deposit enclosure.
Invention is credited to James A. Poss, Jeffrey Satwicz.
Application Number | 20080067227 11/760381 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 39187515 |
Filed Date | 2008-03-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080067227 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Poss; James A. ; et
al. |
March 20, 2008 |
ELETRICALLY-POWERED PROGRAMMABLE PACKAGE DEPOSIT ENCLOSURE
Abstract
A package deposit enclosure designed for public use is powered
by an efficient storage battery and photovoltaic cell array. These
unique features allow the package deposit enclosure to be placed in
locations where no power is available, but where there is frequent
human traffic. Sensing and wireless data communication features
allow the unit to be emptied less often than typical package
delivery enclosures. Wireless communication also allows users'
access to real-time information. On board power enables other
functions, such as lighting and audio, to enhance device
functionality.
Inventors: |
Poss; James A.; (Jamaica
Plain, MA) ; Satwicz; Jeffrey; (Waltham, MA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SEYFARTH SHAW LLP
WORLD TRADE CENTER EAST
TWO SEAPORT LANE, SUITE 300
BOSTON
MA
02210-2028
US
|
Family ID: |
39187515 |
Appl. No.: |
11/760381 |
Filed: |
June 8, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11800572 |
May 7, 2007 |
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11760381 |
Jun 8, 2007 |
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11584822 |
Oct 23, 2006 |
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11800572 |
May 7, 2007 |
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10864566 |
Jun 9, 2004 |
7124680 |
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11584822 |
Oct 23, 2006 |
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60476832 |
Jun 9, 2003 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
232/17 ; 320/101;
340/569 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47G 29/141 20130101;
A47G 2029/148 20130101; A47G 29/20 20130101; A47G 29/30 20130101;
H02J 7/35 20130101; A47G 2029/145 20130101; G08B 13/18 20130101;
A47G 29/22 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
232/017 ;
320/101; 340/569 |
International
Class: |
A47G 29/12 20060101
A47G029/12; G08B 13/14 20060101 G08B013/14; H02J 7/00 20060101
H02J007/00 |
Claims
1. A storage container comprising: an enclosure; and a storage
battery located proximatly to said enclosure and electrically
connected to a controlling component, said controlling component to
monitor and control functions performed by electrical components of
said storage container.
2. The storage container of claim 1, wherein a photovoltaic panel
is connected to said enclosure, said photovoltaic panel
electrically connected to said storage battery, and positioned to
be exposed to sunlight, to convert said sunlight into electric
power.
3. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to engage sensors to sense contents of said
enclosure.
4. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component disengages said sensors when an operating voltage output
from the photovoltaic panel or storage battery is below a
threshold.
5. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component disengages energy outputs when controlling component
determines that said storage battery is losing performance over
time.
6. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component disengages said sensors, to reduce energy consumption,
when said sensors are not needed to perform their functions.
7. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to engage sensors to sense contents of
chambers which hold stocked items within one or more compartments
in said enclosure.
8. The storage container of claim 7 wherein said sensors sense
envelopes and other packaging materials.
9. The storage container of claim 7 wherein said sensors sense
address labels and other mailing materials.
10. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to engage sensors to sense movement of said
enclosure.
11. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to engage a wireless transmitter.
12. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to disengage a wireless transmitter to
reduce energy use.
13. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to engage a wireless transmitter to send a
warning message when controlling component senses that battery is
below a threshold.
14. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to engage a wireless receiver to receive a
message.
15. The storage container of claim 14 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to display a message when said wireless
receiver receives a message.
16. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component is programmed to engage or disengage a geographical
tracking system.
17. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said photovoltaic
panel is affixed flexibly to said enclosure to prevent damage from
movements.
18. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said photovoltaic
panel is covered by a protective coating.
19. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component regulates voltage and current.
20. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component reduces clock speed when sensing components are not being
actuated.
21. The storage container of claim 1 further comprising a plurality
of indicator lights.
22. The storage container of claim 1 further comprising a visual
sensor said visual sensor determining the presence of materials in
said enclosure.
23. The storage container of claim 22 wherein said visual sensor
further comprises a mirror system.
24. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component powers a sensor when items are introduced into said
enclosure.
25. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component disables unused circuits connected to said battery.
26. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component disables unused circuits within said controlling
component.
27. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component regulates a battery charger, said battery charger being
disabled when solar power is insufficient enough to charge said
storage battery.
28. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component selects said storage battery as a source of energy.
29. The storage container of claim 2 wherein said controlling
component selects said photovoltaic panel as a source of
energy.
30. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component monitors and tracks operation voltage.
31. The storage container of claim 1 further comprising an energy
generator, said energy generator driven by movement of an access
door of said enclosure.
32. The storage container of claim 31 wherein the energy generator
comprises a piezoelectric element.
33. The storage container of claim 31 wherein the energy generator
comprises a flywheel.
34. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component engages a relay activating a wireless transmitter when
said controlling component needs to transmit and/or receive a
signal.
35. The storage container of claim 34 wherein said controlling
component engages a relay activating a wireless transmitter when
said controlling component needs to transmit a signal that the
battery is low.
36. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component engages a relay to activate an explosive detector.
37. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component engages a relay to activate voice recognition device.
38. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component engages a relay to activate an audio speaker.
39. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component engages a relay to activate a barcode scanner.
40. The storage container of claim 1 wherein said controlling
component engages a relay to activate an on/off button.
41. The storage container of claim 1 further comprising: an
information panel affixed to said enclosure.
42. The storage container of claim 41 wherein said information
panel is a lighted sign.
43. The storage container of claim 41 wherein said information
panel is a scrolling panel.
44. The storage container of claim 41 wherein said controlling
component engages a relay to activate said information panel.
45. A storage container comprising: an enclosure; a photovoltaic
panel located on an angled upper exterior surface of said
enclosure, said photovoltaic panel positioned to be exposed to
sunlight, to convert said received sunlight into electric power; a
storage battery, located within said enclosure and electrically
connected to said photovoltaic panel; a controlling component,
electrically connected to said storage battery, to monitor and
control sensors and a transmitter/receiver, wherein said
controlling component will skip functions when said storage battery
is undercharged until an adequate charge has been attained; sensors
located within said enclosure and electrically connected to said
controlling component, said sensors located within said enclosure,
wherein items introduced into said enclosure by an access door
settle into said enclosure, said sensors to detect the presence of
materials within said enclosure; said controlling component to
actuate said transmitter to signal presence of materials in said
enclosure; said receiver to actuate said display to signal to users
the next collection of the contents of the enclosure; and a bin
access door located on said enclosure to allow insertion and
removal of said removable bin from said enclosure.
46. The storage container of claim 45, wherein said controlling
component receives signals from a photoelectric sensor, providing
an indication that said bin is full of items.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This is a Continuation-in-Part (CIP) of U.S. Utility
application Ser. No. 11/800,572, filed May 7, 2007, which is a CIP
of U.S. Utility application Ser. No. 11/584,822, filed on Oct. 23,
2006, which is a CIP of and claims priority to U.S. Utility
application Ser. No. 10/864,566, filed on Jun. 9, 2004, which
claims priority to Provisional Patent Application No. 60/476,832,
filed on Jun. 9, 2003, all of which are incorporated herein by
reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention is directed towards package delivery
enclosures and more particularly to an apparatus and method for
solar-powered delivery containers with embedded programmable logic
controllers and sensors to determine package deposits,
characteristics and contents.
BACKGROUND
[0003] Mail boxes and other package delivery containers are
important items at any location where there are people mailing
packages, to avoid the people having to carry packages with them to
a centralized postal or shipping facility. Many cities and towns
allow package drop boxes in many locations such as street corners
and most users are accustomed to using such containers, provided
that they are convenient and accessible. However, the containers
require periodic emptying by postal or delivery service personnel,
and this requires that personnel spend time and equipment
traveling, emptying and hauling from the locations. Often, this
travel occurs when there are few or no packages to collect.
Additionally, package weight and size is not known until the
package collector visits the drop box, at which time it is too late
to plan for heavy of unwieldy loads. Finally, the public does not
often know when packages are to be collected, and thus they are
unable to make a decision about depositing their package in the
container or traveling to a central facility for the fastest
shipping of their package. Further, the public occasionally needs
instructions on how to mail items properly. This is a cause for
great inefficiency, unnecessary fuel consumption and monetary
expenditures. In addition, dangerous situations whereby malicious
users insert explosive or infectious substances can be avoided by
this invention because solar-powered programmable logic controllers
attached to sensors can alert personnel to the danger. Also, many
of these containers contain shipping supplies, such as envelopes;
address labels and the like, which are critical to convenient
mailing. At times, these envelopes and other items are all used or
stolen, so the public has no access to them. This makes mailing a
package inconvenient or impossible. Finally, as some drop boxes
require payment, the advent of solar-powered logic controllers,
scanners and transmitters can enable payment options at the box,
providing greater user convenience.
[0004] Package collection can be streamlined and improved with
solar-powered "smart package delivery containers," which have
programmable circuitry which enables the use of sensors, scanners,
transmitters and receivers to foster efficient and easy package
deposit, recognition and data transfer. With real-time knowledge of
drop box "fullness," package destination, weight information,
on-site envelope and label inventory and other package
characteristics, programmable package delivery containers can save
money by saving staff time, and can help to conserve fuel by
reducing collection frequency, and thus vehicle travel time. The
present invention can make mailing packages more convenient by
helping staff ensure that envelopes, address labels and other
necessary supplies are in stock, and it can provide real-time
information to both staff and users, which makes the process more
convenient and accessible. Prior art package enclosures either do
not have electricity at all, or they require AC electricity, which
limits them to locations conveniently attached to the electricity
grid. This limits the location of such electricity-enabled drop
boxes. Thus, prior art drop boxes are characteristically
non-powered, or they are confined to areas where electrical
connections are feasible and cost-effective.
[0005] There is a need for powered package holding enclosures in
remote settings and high-traffic areas, that will allow people to
conveniently mail packages, but that provide other information for
emptying package enclosures safely and only when needed or
optimal.
SUMMARY
[0006] The present invention uses the novel approach of using
stored energy to gather and send data on package deliveries and
collections. In one embodiment, the stored energy is solar energy.
Solar energy is a clean source of power, and also it enables
package recognition in remote locations where other forms of power
are impractical and uneconomical. Often, it is impractical and
uneconomical to connect grid power to a package delivery container
located even at a relatively close distance to an electricity
source, for example, across the street from a retail establishment.
Also, in many cases, it is impractical to replace or recharge
batteries.
[0007] This invention provides a low cost device and method for
receiving and recognizing packages and package features and
transmitting or receiving valuable information to and from route
planners and schedulers using stored photovoltaic energy. The
primary embodiment of the present invention is formed to
efficiently and safely collect solar energy, efficiently store said
energy and as needed, use the stored energy to run sensors and
other electrical devices to collect and distribute data. The solar
collector typically is a photovoltaic (PV) apparatus which is
connected to a storage device, such as a battery, capacitor or fuel
cell. Alternatively, since the device is constructed to be energy
efficient, regular charging of batteries may be used in some
situations to provide power for the device. Mechanical means of
energy storage may include springs, pneumatic and hydraulic
pressure, among others. The apparatus uses stored energy to
intermittently detect packages, package characteristics and
contacts. In another embodiment, the device supplies AC electricity
to an AC-powered package delivery container by changing DC power
from the PV array into AC electricity by means of an inverter.
[0008] In an illustrative embodiment, the electronics of the
container are enclosed in a compartment adjacent to the package
chamber. Neither compartment is accessible from the outside without
a key, to prevent tampering and/or user injury.
[0009] The battery and electronics compartments are sealed from
water to protect the enclosed electronics from the elements, and
the battery compartment is vented separately from the electronics
and motor compartments to allow for hydrogen gas to escape safely,
as the flammable gas can be produced during charging of many types
of batteries. The PV array is protected from weather and vandalism
by a covering constructed typically of durable plastic or a metal
grate. The battery is stored at the bottom of the compartment,
while the hydrogen vent is located above the battery chamber to
allow hydrogen gas to rise and escape the chamber without coming
into contact with sparks from the circuits or electronics
compartments or from static energy.
[0010] The package insertion door is monitored while a package is
being mailed. A sensor in communication with the insertion door
senses package delivery, use of the insertion door, and
communicates this data to the processor, which counts packages
being delivered, along with time of delivery and other information,
which may include weight, destination, mailer and recipient name
and address, etc. The information may be gathered through a barcode
scanner. The insertion door is constructed to block users from
reaching into the package compartment and removing packages. In the
illustrative embodiment, this lockout is passive and does not
require energy to operate. Similar contraptions are seen on
mailboxes, and prevent the user from access to the inner chamber of
the device. Another door which provides access to a compartment
containing envelopes is also monitored by sensors, and data on its
use is relayed to the processor. This compartment may also hold
address labels, instructions, boxes, etc. Monitoring envelope
inventories enables personnel to ensure adequate supply in each
enclosure. Only package collection personnel can access the package
chamber, the envelopes chamber and electronics chambers. An access
door is hingedly attached to allow the package collection personnel
to have unimpeded access to the enclosures.
[0011] In this embodiment, data relayed to the processor by the
insertion door and enveloped door are gathered and intermittently
relayed by a wireless transmitter to staff. By monitoring the usage
of the container, a wireless communication mechanism can relay this
information to the package collection personnel so that unneeded
visits are avoided. Communication may be relayed with a wireless
transmitter or by a physical indicator, such as an indicator lamp.
Stored power is also used to count envelopes used or to otherwise
help maintain adequate inventory, to provide lighting for users who
need to read instructions or write address labels or the like at
night, and to provide for voice recognition devices and voice
operated instructions for the user. In this embodiment, the sensors
monitoring the access doors engage the processor, which turns on
other sensors, by activating relays, to engage in processes like
counting envelopes or packages. This is done to reduce energy
consumption from sensors being on continuously. In other
embodiments, container use and package contents can be collected by
other means, such as internal scales, photoeye sensors, limit
switches, or other sensors, without changing the nature of the
device. This data saves time and money by allowing the collection
personnel to schedule collections according to demand.
[0012] Advantages of the present invention include a package
deposit container which can be located in remote places that don't
have access to AC power, which also require many fewer visits for
emptying, while reducing wasted time and inconveniences associated
with lack of stock of envelopes, labels and other supplies which
must be kept in inventory for convenient package deposits.
[0013] Another advantage of the present invention is that
information relayed to the container by staff can be displayed to
users. Information such as when collectors are scheduled to arrive
is important for convenient package mailing.
[0014] Another advantage of the present invention is that it is
optimized to work more often during times of most usage. Peoples'
use of the device will occur most often during daylight hours, and
therefore the unit has power from daylight as needed to perform
sensing. Further, since many users deliver packages at night, the
device will provide lighting so users can easily see the
instructions, the envelopes, the labels and so forth. In addition,
since the processor is programmed to turn off sensors and other
electronics when they are not used, to be more energy efficient,
the energy storage will last a long time, reducing the need for
expensive solar panels or time-consuming battery replacements.
Another advantage is that it is programmed to track voltage and
battery performance over a period of time, and has the ability to
send a wireless message if the battery or sunlight are
insufficient. Lighting can also be used to allow users to more
easily identify the container. Another advantage of the present
invention is that it can power voice recognition devices or can
relay audible messages to the user, which assists the user in
understanding instructions, particularly if the user is
visually-impaired. Audible or visible package deposit confirmation
provides customers with an important assurance that their package
has been received. Another advantage of the present invention is
that a voice module can be powered by the stored energy, activated
by the user opening the insertion door or using other features,
such as the envelopes door or an "on" button, and the volume of the
speaker can be adjusted to meet the environment. For example, the
volume would be set higher in noisy street corners, while it would
be set lower in an office building. Finally, since the battery
provides power at night, the transmitter/receiver can send or
receive long messages at night when cellular communications are
cheaper.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0015] The foregoing and other features and advantages of the
present invention will be more fully understood from the following
detailed description of illustrative embodiments, taken in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which:
[0016] FIG. 1 illustrates a package deposit enclosure with
insertion door, envelopes door, removal door and several internal
components;
[0017] FIG. 2 shows a perspective sectional view of the present
invention, package chamber, and several internal components;
[0018] FIG. 3 is a perspective sectional view of several
components; and
[0019] FIG. 4 is a schematic of one embodiment of an electrical
system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0020] The present invention is directed towards a package deposit
and collection enclosure with integrated battery storage and solar
storage mechanism for public use. The generally rectangular metal
unit has a solar panel on the top to attract maximum sunlight. The
unit typically resembles package containers currently in use, with
respect to aesthetics, usage and size.
[0021] FIG. 1 provides a perspective view detailing outer container
24, insertion door 22, Envelopes and Mailers door 21, Envelopes and
Mailers shelves 20, Package Removal Door 26, showing the
relationship between the doors and compartments according to this
embodiment of the present invention. A photovoltaic (PV) cell array
32 is mounted on top of the unit, covering part of it. In one
embodiment, cells 32 produce enough power for the average number of
15 data logging events and wireless data transmissions per day. The
battery 36, shown in FIG. 2, has enough energy storage to provide
for usage through several weeks of intermittent sunlight, to
provide adequate reserve power for periods of bad weather. The
cells are wired to the energy storage system, which stores power to
drive the sensors and Programmable Logic Controller PLC 44. Status
indicator lamps 60, FIGS. 3 and 4, provide visual means of
displaying information such as a system malfunction or to indicate
the level of bin capacity used and available or other notices, such
as "low battery," "bin collected," "envelopes empty," "device
broken," or other messages. An insertion door 22 acts to prevent
unauthorized use because it can lock out the user from the
insertion door. In one embodiment, the insertion door lock is
opened when it receives a message from PLC 44. In this embodiment,
PLC will send a message to open the insertion door when it receives
input from a Barcode Scanner 68, FIG. 4. This input may be given
when, for example, a package with the appropriate Bar Code is
placed in front of the scanner and the "ON Button," 67 in FIG. 4,
is pressed by the user. In an alternative embodiment, the device is
turned on when the Insertion Door 22 is opened or when the ON
Button is pressed.
[0022] More details are provided with the illustrative embodiment
shown in FIG. 3. The Photovoltaic (PV) array 32 is positioned on
top of the device for maximum sunlight exposure. The PV array 32
may also be placed on other sides of the device to increase
exposure to the sun when the sun is lower on the horizon or when
the container is placed in a location with a roof overhead, or
alternatively, the PV may reside outside of the container and be
attached to the container of separate battery enclosure only by an
electric cable. The PV array 32 may be optimally placed on an angle
to prevent it from being covered by snow or debris. Further, the
angle may be used to increase sunlight exposure based on azimuth of
the sun across the sky. For example a PV array can be arranged to
receive the most southern exposure during the day. Alternatively,
the PV array 32 may be pivotally mounted and powered in order to
rotate and track maximum sunlight exposure. Although the PV array
32 is shown attached to the unit, the PV array may also be
separately located from the device and electrically connected. The
PV array may alternatively be located inside the outer container
24, and the outer cover may be constructed to allow sunlight into
the protected area where the PV resides. The PV array may otherwise
be mounted in a location on or outside the outer container
accessible by light via a reflective surface such as a mirror, and
inaccessible by vandals, negligent operators and animals. The angle
of the PV array 32 can be flat but could be positioned at any angle
or could be able to be adjusted so that the installer of the
enclosure can set the solar panel angle for optimal solar
collection.
[0023] The PV array 32 is optimally placed between layers of foam,
to absorb shock in the event that the machine is bumped or tipped.
Additionally, there can be a curved plastic, such as a Lexan.RTM.
panel or layers of Lexan.RTM. over PV array 32 to protect PV array
32 from vandals or negligent use. The PV array 32 can be covered by
a curved PV Cell Array Cover 35, FIG. 1, that can be
cost-effectively replaced. Additionally, the plastic panel layers
will shed water and snow. In one embodiment, several layers of
plastic coating, or other suitable material, may be applied during
manufacturing such that one layer can be removed at a time,
providing several layers of protection against vandalism, graffiti
and scratches. For example, when one layer is used up, it is peeled
away and a new, clean layer is present.
[0024] The storage battery or batteries 36 can be upsized or
downsized for different climates, energy demands, or for or
auxiliary functions, such as providing usable AC electricity
through an inverter. The battery or batteries may also be stored
separately from the container. The electronics compartments are
preferably located in a weather-proof area 37 of the container.
Electronic components can include a PLC, battery charging
controller, user interface, audio speaker, and sensors, as will be
described below. The access door to the electronics area 37 is
key-lockable. When unlocked, the battery 36 will preferably be
automatically disengaged.
[0025] In the illustrative embodiment, a deep cycle battery 36 is
employed to drive photoeye or limit switch sensors for Envelopes
Door 21, FIG. 1 and Envelopes Shelf Sensor 40, FIG. 3, which sense
the presence or absence of the envelopes, mailers, labels and other
important shipping and packaging material. Alternatively, the
Envelope Shelf Sensors 40, FIG. 3, may sense the level of inventory
in the Envelopes Shelves 20, FIG. 1. The battery 36, FIG. 2, may
also be used to power Envelope Door Sensor 23 for the envelope
compartments and Sensors for Insert Door 25 to monitor the
insertion door in FIG. 2.
[0026] A control apparatus for the illustrative embodiment is shown
in FIG. 4. The programmable logic controller 44 is a central
microprocessor which manages all operations, detects all inputs and
provides outputs for running the device. It controls power to the
photoeyes 42 and 43, FIG. 4, by relays or contactors, (mechanical
or solid-state) or other switching means. In different embodiments,
photoeyes may be used in place of limit switches or vice versa,
without changing the nature of the present invention. A tilt-sensor
46 is located above the package chamber 27, FIG. 2, and is actuated
when the device is vandalized or tipped by a car or accident.
Photoeyes 42 and 43, FIG. 4, are turned on when PLC 44 senses that
the Insert Door or Envelope Door has been opened, or alternatively
when the On Button has been pressed, to save energy used sensing
objects unnecessarily. When turned on, the photoeyes or limit
switch sensors will determine whether envelopes block the light
rays between this photo-eye sensor and a reflector on the opposite
side of the channel above the envelope chamber or when the limit
switches are pressed. The photo-eyes signal the programmable logic
controller (PLC) 44 when envelopes block the light beam for a
measured amount of time, indicating that envelopes are present.
When envelopes are not present, a message will be sent by the
wireless transmitter/receiver 66 connected to the PLC 44 as shown
schematically in FIG. 4. Other sensors may be used to detect the
number of uses of the insertion door 22 in FIG. 1 or the Envelope
door 21 in FIG. 1. In an alternative embodiment, a mirror system
may be implemented instead of a photo-eye transmitter and receiver
to reduce wiring and wire installation labor costs.
[0027] Pressure sensors 48, FIG. 4, may be used instead of photoeye
sensors, and alternatively are used to sense envelope presence,
absence or inventory levels. Tilt Sensor 46, can transmit a message
to PLC 44 in FIG. 4 if the device has been vandalized, stolen or
tipped over. A display 40 in FIG. 4 may be used to display messages
to users. These messages may be transmitted to the PLC 44 from the
wireless transmitter/receiver or may be programmed into the PLC
manually by service personnel. Also in FIG. 4, in addition to a
display, Status Lamps 60, FIGS. 3 and 4, may be used to convey
messages including but not limited to "on," "low battery,"
"collected," and "broken." Lamps 61 may be turned on by the PLC 44
when ambient light is low, or when users are in need of light to
aid in seeing forms to fill out or in reading instructions. Also,
an Audio Speaker 62 in FIG. 4 may be used to convey messages. The
PLC 44 will enable Audio levels to be controlled and
programmed.
[0028] PV Array 32 in FIG. 4 is connected to a charge controller,
which controls charging to the battery 36. An inverter 37 is
connected to the battery to provide auxiliary power through a
supply port 38 or power to AC devices, as diagrammed schematically
in FIG. 4. Finally, there is a manual reset switch 56 connected to
the PLC 44 in FIG. 4.
[0029] In this embodiment, the projected PV array output is 10
Watts Peak, and will generate up to 30 Watt-hours of energy per
day, given an average of 3 hours of full sunlight available per
day. Sunlight energy is collected in the PV Array 32, FIG. 4, and
is converted by the charge controller 33, into a useful battery
charging current and voltage. Battery reserve will be approximately
100 Watt-hours, and each data transmission will use approximately
1/10.sup.th Watt-hours. Thus, the energy reserve in the
illustrative embodiment is enough to run up to 1,000 message
transmission cycles. In many situations, it may be preferable and
cost-effective not to use a PV Array, but rather to charge
batteries off-site and swap these charged batteries into the device
as needed. In this case, the battery may be slightly larger than
described above. The controller will be programmed to permit data
transmission cycles and lighting such that battery over-discharge
and thus battery damage is avoided. The controller will also be
programmed to sense a battery losing capacity and to send a final
data transmission before the battery loses power, warning personnel
that battery and therefore the system is close to malfunction.
[0030] A feature of another illustrative embodiment is that the PLC
44, when in charging mode, can act as a maximum power tracker,
regulating the charging of the battery from the PV array. The power
tracker has the ability to vary the level of voltage and amperage
based on the characteristics of the PV array, the sunlight level
and the battery condition. The power tracker has the ability to
balance off current and voltage to optimize battery 36 charging.
The PLC 44 has the ability to optimize the charging regimen of the
batteries 36, by tracking the level of photovoltaic energy
available and the battery charge. When the battery 36 is fully
discharged, the controller 44 will provide low voltage and high
amperage. When the battery 36 is almost completely charged, the
controller 44 will provide a higher voltage and lower current. When
the battery is fully charged, the controller will not provide any
charge to the battery 36, or will simply provide a trickle charge.
Conversely, when the battery 36 is undercharged, the controller 44
may delay or skip a data transmission or may limit lighting or
audio until adequate charge has been attained or until a new
battery has been installed. This serves to save battery life and
prevent failure. Because of the ability for the controller 44 to
optimize charging regimen and control the data transmitter and
lights, it serves a dual purpose.
[0031] This duty cycle is typically determined by low power timing
circuitry contained in the receptacle. It is modifiable on the
unit, or is programmable by means of a wireless communication
device or by electrical connection between the programming device
(i.e. computer) and the PLC 44. The controller 44 can also include
data logging features, to allow usage history to be stored for
later analysis or transmitted in bulk.
[0032] Table 1 provides specifications for a system in accordance
with one embodiment of the present invention TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1
Physical Specs of Unit Size of Compartment Height of outer
container 48.00 inches Height of Insertion door 10 inches Width of
solar array 10.00 inches Length of solar array 10.00 inches
[0033] Certain embodiments may include additional controlling
components. For example, a controlling component programmed to
reduce or increase the clock speed (processor speed) to save energy
may be implemented into PLC 44. Logic of the controlling component
slows the clock speed when no cycles are being run. During a period
of high use, the clock speed of the PLC 44 runs fast so that data
transmission or sensor monitoring can happen quickly and
accurately. Failure to slow clock speed of the PLC results in
wasted energy, and failure to speed clock speed can result in
packages being missed or mis-counted, or data transmission time can
be lengthened, increasing air-time costs. A microcontroller, such
as a PIC processor, may be is used in PLC 44. During data
transmission and sensor activation, the processor operates at
approximately 4 Mhz. Otherwise it operates at approximately 32
Khz.
[0034] Additionally, a controlling component programmed to turn on
sensors such as pressure sensor 48 only as long as they need to be
in order to properly respond to the sensor signal may be
implemented in PLC 44. Certain photo-eye sensors, such as photo-eye
sensor 46, must be turned on for a minimum period, for example 0.3
seconds, to reliably respond to the input signal. This saves energy
because the sensors consume energy only when they are on. Logs may
be stored in hard drive memory and sent by the wireless transmitter
to staff. These logs may be uploaded wirelessly to a central server
so status information to users via cell phone or email or SMS (text
message) can be relayed.
[0035] Another feature may include a controlling component and door
sensor programmed to engage photo-eye sensor 43 only when packages
are deposited, rather than at regular intervals, to save energy.
The controlling component is therefore programmed to trigger
photo-eye sensor 43 after insertion door 22 has been opened or
after Envelope Door 21 is opened. In this embodiment, there is a
transducer such as an inductive sensor or Hall Effect sensor,
located on Insertion Door 22 or Envelope Door 21, to allow for a
signal to be sent to the controlling component indicating each
usage.
[0036] In one embodiment, the controlling component is programmed
to shut down unused circuits within PLC 44. Specifically, the
controlling component is programmed to turn off the current sensor
and relays when the bin is in monitoring mode and turned on when in
compacting mode to save energy. Certain areas of the controlling
component may be activated or deactivated according to different
methods. In certain embodiments the activation of discrete
controlling components is implemented through either a MOSFET
component, a relay or through different pins on the processor
directly for areas of the circuit requiring lower current. By
constantly monitoring and turning off circuits of the controller
when those circuits are not required for operation, energy may be
conserved.
[0037] Another embodiment includes a controlling component that is
programmed to regulate the battery charger to eliminate battery
charger energy consumption when solar power is not sufficient
enough to charge the battery. The controlling component is
programmed to actively monitor wattage from the solar panel and to
turn off the controller when the wattage drops below a threshold
voltage. The battery charger is only turned on when adequate
voltage on the panel is reached, and off when it is not. Since many
battery chargers require some activation energy from the battery to
begin the charging process, the controlling component is programmed
to supply the activation energy only when solar energy is
available. Alternatively, a blocking diode may be used to keep
current from flowing from the battery to the battery charger. Thus,
no energy is able to pass from the battery 36 to the battery
charger; it is only able to come from the PV array 32 when it has
sufficient voltage to charge the battery.
[0038] The battery charger typically requires activation energy to
charge the battery. Without this activation energy, it blocks any
current from going through the charger to the battery. By placing a
resistor between the positive lead of PV array 32 and positive lead
of charger, the PV array 32 can provide that activation energy when
there is sun on the PV array 32. Once operating, the charger is the
lower resistance path, so energy flows through the charger to the
battery.
[0039] In one embodiment a information panel may be incorporated.
The information panel may be a lighted sign, a scrolling panel, or
other method that may be used to display information or
advertising. These information panels may be intermittent-use
devices. The intermittent powering may help control the energy
budget because the panel can charge between cycles, similarly to
the data transmitter mechanism. In another embodiment, the
intermittent-use feature may be used in controlling the lighting of
the device. Cycling the lighting at very rapid duty cycles that are
invisible to the human eye, energy can be conserved. In an
alternative embodiment, the lighting may be pulse modulated at
slower cycles, thereby conserving energy. In yet another
embodiment, the signage may be controllable via wireless receiver
from a base location. For example, the base station may want to
post an electronic message such as an advertisement or emergency
message on each receptacle, or a message that, for example, the
packages will next be collected at 2 PM on Tuesday.
[0040] Another illustrative embodiment includes a controlling
component that is able to disengage energy draws when voltage is
low. For example, in many settings, the machine may be able to
power lighted signs as discussed above. The controlling component
may programmed to disengage these signs from the electricity source
(i.e. battery 36) when the voltage is low as a means of conserving
energy for a data transmission or other prioritized function.
[0041] A controlling component that is able to disengage
electricity to the motors of a scrolling advertisement sign when
there is not sufficient voltage to power the signs' motors may be
incorporated. The controlling component may do this by powering a
relay to connect electricity to the sign's motors only when there
is sufficient voltage to power the sign. Additionally, the
controlling component can be programmed to power the sign's motors
only when advertising is beneficial, at lunch hour in a busy
outdoor area, for example.
[0042] Another embodiment includes a controlling component that is
programmed to search for the best source of energy. In a device
that has the ability to be plugged in, for example, the controlling
component would default to solar power source unless the machine is
plugged in. When plugged in, the unit's energy-storing capability
absorbs large fluctuations in energy use, which lowers the peak
current that the machine draws. This is advantageous because
utility-supplied electricity charges are based on both total draw
and peak draw. This feature would reduce peaks, resulting in lower
electricity costs. For a unit that is charged by a utility-supplied
electrical source, the controller can have a real time clock
installed to only charge the battery during "off peak" times,
typically during the nighttime, when electricity rates are lower
than in daytime. This may be accomplished with a controlling
component that is programmed to engage and disengage relays to
connect the best power source to the charging circuit.
Alternatively, the relays may be wired to provide activation energy
to the relay with the highest energy.
[0043] This present embodiment may be implemented in situations
where units are placed temporarily and then placed on a charger
periodically. In other situations where the unit is searching for
the best source of energy, it may be programmed to use sunlight
whenever there is sufficient charging current and to use utility
electricity when sunlight is not adequate to charge the battery.
Thus, it does not have to interpolate over time. An efficient
charging interpolator would use sunlight during the day, and
utility power at night, if both are available all the time.
Alternatively, when the battery is charged off-site and replaced
periodically, the PLC 44 will be able to determine the optimal
replacement frequency of the battery and may be able to display
that information on the display panel 40 or transmit the
information wirelessly via transmitter/receiver 66 in FIG. 4.
[0044] A controlling component and electronics that enables
recharging of the energy storage system by another source such as
the collection truck may be implemented in an additional
embodiment. This is particularly useful when machines are in
storage.
[0045] In another embodiment, multiple containers according to the
embodiments described herein can be placed adjacent to one another.
This could either be in a very busy location that requires more
than one container.
[0046] Another embodiment may include a controlling component that
is programmed to track voltage over a period of time, and if
voltage is falling, the controlling component turns on an indicator
telling users that the machine is placed in an unsatisfactory
location or orientation and must be moved, or that the battery is
failing and must be replaced. This is advantageous because there
are natural peaks and valleys in voltage that must be "averaged
out" in order to determine if a location is bad. By monitoring
voltage over 2 weeks, cloudy weather lows and sunny weather highs
can be incorporated into a calculation that indicates placement
optimization. Natural highs and lows can be averaged out over a 2
week period because inclement weather patterns rarely occur for
more than 2 weeks. Also, 2 weeks of energy storage is sufficient
but is not overkill. So a 2 week period is an optimal time period
to determine placement optimization while monitoring over a longer
period would be optimal to determine whether a battery is losing
its ability to retain adequate charge.
[0047] In yet another embodiment, the controlling component can be
programmed to allow for a variety of settings to be controlled by
the staff personnel. In this embodiment, the controlling component
receives a signal from a potentiometer which can be used to adjust
the desired lighting levels, voice volume, microphone sensitivity
or other setting that may be optimally adjusted from time to time,
or location to location.
[0048] An additional embodiment includes means to generate energy
from the insertion door movement. In one embodiment, each time the
door is opened, there is a piezoelectric element that generates
current when the door is opened. Alternatively, the insertion door
movement may actuate a rotating flywheel, which then turns a
generator, thereby producing current.
[0049] Another embodiment incorporates a controlling component that
is programmed to engage a relay to turn on a wireless transmitter
when it needs to transmit a "full" or "malfunction" signal. The
controlling component is programmed to disconnect the transmitter
or receiver from the electrical system to save energy, and the
electrical system is attached to the transmitter via relays so this
disconnect is physically possible.
[0050] Another embodiment includes bomb-sensing logic in a
controlling component. The controlling component is programmed to
engage a relay to turn on an explosives detector when the machine
is used. The controlling component is programmed to disconnect the
detector from the electrical system to save energy, and the
electrical system is attached to the detector via relays so this
disconnect is physically possible. The device may be outfitted with
a camera that is activated by the opening of the insertion door.
The device may store a photo of everyone who deposits packages or
into the machine, or of a malicious vandal who kicks the unit or
places lit paper in the device, for example in memory such as a
flash memory device. If no malicious behavior is noticed, or there
is no need to store data in the device, the memory is dumped.
Otherwise the photos may be wirelessly transmitted to assist
authorities in catching the person who engaged in the malicious
act.
[0051] Another embodiment includes other devices such as security
monitoring cameras or emergency calling transmitters may be
similarly controlled by the controlling component and detached from
the electricity supply to save energy when they are not in use.
[0052] In yet another embodiment, an accelerometer may be
implemented. The accelerometer watches for high forces in the
device, indicating the possibility of theft or vandalism. Upon
detection of an unauthorized event, a signal may be sent to the
device's owners so that they can respond in a timely manner to
repair the machine and ensure that it is not in a state that would
be dangerous to people. In an alternative embodiment, a tracking
system, such as a global positioning system ("GPS") or other
suitable tracking device may be implemented. These devices may be
switched on and off by the PLC, to enable the device when it is
being used, and to disable the device when it is not being used, to
reduce energy consumption.
[0053] Additionally, in another embodiment a controlling component
is programmed to engage a solenoid or other actuator which locks
the insertion door when the package chamber is full. This prevents
overflow from the bin.
[0054] In an additional embodiment, the device may include certain
fitments that allow for the automated removal of the removable bin.
The fitment may include a bar or a handle at certain height, or
reinforcing ribs so that a mechanical hand can safely grab the
removable bin without breaking it or causing to flex inward to such
a degree that the packages inside are damaged or that they cannot
be removed.
[0055] Another embodiment of the present invention provides for an
animal-resistant device. This embodiment incorporates a latch that
animals cannot operate, but that humans and handicapped humans can
operate. The latch prevents animals from entering the package or
envelope chambers. In the event that an animal gains access to the
compartments, all wiring may be protected by metal or hard plastic
to protect it from any damage that an animal may cause.
[0056] The container may include a heating element which may be
controlled so that it is only activated when the battery 36 is near
full charge. Further, heating elements may be placed above, beneath
or within the PV array, in order to melt snow or ice that is
covering the PV array. Sensors can detect moisture>temperature,
or a lack of light reaching the PV array and activate the snow
melting heating elements, or may initiate fans to evaporate liquids
inside.
[0057] The container may include mounting clips on the exterior to
allow advertisement placards to be placed on the outside of the
containers. Other features include wired or wireless communications
equipment installed with the container. Radio or other wireless
signals may be transmitted by the container when it is full and no
more deposits are possible, or if the unit is broken or being
vandalized. Further, the container can report on conditions
including battery charge, cycle counts etc. The container can also
receive signals, including commands to immediately perform tasks
such as changing the display or audio message. The containers may
also report conditions by indicator lights which may indicate if
the unit is full or malfunctioning. Such indicator lights allow the
containers to be inspected from a distance (such as through
binoculars) to allow service personnel to determine whether it is
necessary to make a service trip to the container.
[0058] Although solar power is disclosed as a source of power for
the present invention, other sources of power are within the scope
of the invention. This includes windmill or waterwheel generators
located proximate the container, or located at an optimal location
for collecting power. Alternatively, a generator with a hand or
foot crank may be positioned with the container, with instructions
inviting users of the container to crank the handle or pedal
several times to help store energy. For such generators, whether by
windmill, waterwheel or human, alternative energy generation means
and energy storage means may be used, for example pumping air into
a pressure tank for driving a pneumatic motor, winding up a spring
mechanism, or a pulley system, the present invention is geared to
be energy efficient, and to run off stored energy.
[0059] Although the invention has been shown and described with
respect to illustrative embodiments thereof, various other changes,
omissions and additions in the form and detail thereof may be made
therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the
invention.
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