U.S. patent application number 11/843477 was filed with the patent office on 2008-03-20 for prefab panel for realizing a double layer wall in buildings.
This patent application is currently assigned to BIT TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED. Invention is credited to Valente Carmine FRANCO, Peccolo MAURIZIO.
Application Number | 20080066412 11/843477 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38670759 |
Filed Date | 2008-03-20 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080066412 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
FRANCO; Valente Carmine ; et
al. |
March 20, 2008 |
PREFAB PANEL FOR REALIZING A DOUBLE LAYER WALL IN BUILDINGS
Abstract
Prefab panel for assembling a double layer wall of a building,
with structural support function and thermal insulation. The panel
includes at least one element of brick material having an exposed
surface, a connection surface, a narrow side with a protrusion, and
an opposite narrow side with a recess. Panel also includes an
intermediate layer composed of cement mortar, and at least one
element of insulating material with a connection surface, an
exposed surface, a narrow side with a protrusion, and an opposite
narrow side with a recess.
Inventors: |
FRANCO; Valente Carmine;
(Villa Latina, IT) ; MAURIZIO; Peccolo; (Lugano,
CH) |
Correspondence
Address: |
GREENBLUM & BERNSTEIN, P.L.C.
1950 ROLAND CLARKE PLACE
RESTON
VA
20191
US
|
Assignee: |
BIT TECHNOLOGIES LIMITED
Luxembourg
LU
|
Family ID: |
38670759 |
Appl. No.: |
11/843477 |
Filed: |
August 22, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/506.1 ;
52/513; 52/590.1; 52/745.19 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 2/041 20130101;
E04C 1/41 20130101; E04B 2002/0208 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/506.1 ;
052/513; 052/590.1; 052/745.19 |
International
Class: |
E04F 13/00 20060101
E04F013/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 23, 2006 |
CH |
01343/06 |
Claims
1. A prefab panel for assembling a double layer wall of a building,
with structural support function and thermal insulation,
comprising: at least one element of brick material having an
exposed surface, a connection surface, a narrow side with a
protrusion, and an opposite narrow side with a recess, an
intermediate layer composed of cement mortar, at least one element
of insulating material with a connection surface, an exposed
surface, a narrow side with a protrusion, and an opposite narrow
side with a recess.
2. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the
connection surface of the at least one element of insulating
material, is arranged facing the intermediate layer composed of
cement mortar and comprises recesses or grooves, wherein a
cross-section is substantially shaped as a "C" with its aperture
oriented towards the layer of cement mortar.
3. The prefab panel according to the claim 2, wherein: the
cross-section of the grooves is substantially shaped as a "swallow
tail" with its aperture oriented towards the layer of cement
mortar.
4. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: a thickness
(d) of the at least one element of insulating material ranges from
approximately 5 to approximately 15 cm.
5. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the at least
one element of brick material contains a plurality of through bores
extending over the whole length of the at least one element of
brick material, each of which forms an insulating air chamber.
6. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: a thickness
of the at least one element of brick material ranges from
approximately 8 to approximately 15 cm.
7. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: a total
thickness of the prefab panel ranges from approximately 25 to
approximately 45 cm.
8. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the at least
one element of brick material and the at least one element of
insulating material have essentially of the same dimensions of
length, and width, respectively.
9. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: a plurality
of elements of brick material and a same plurality of elements of
insulating material are suitably assembled, with the help of an
intermediate layer composed of reinforced cement mortar to form a
wall of the height corresponding to the length of the single
elements of brick material and insulating material, respectively,
and of the width corresponding to the width of the single elements,
multiplied by the number of individual elements of brick material
and insulating material in the corresponding direction,
respectively, forming the wall height, and width, respectively.
10. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: a length of
the at least one element of insulating material ranges from
approximately 100 to approximately 300 cm, and that the minimum
density of the insulating material is approximately 20
kg/m.sup.3.
11. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the at
least one element of brick material is of a rectangular shape.
12. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the recess
in the at least one element of brick material extends over a whole
length of the at least one brick material.
13. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the at
least one element after assembly of the building forms an inner
wall surface of the building.
14. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the
intermediate layer composed of cement mortar further comprises a
suitable reinforcing structure of steel bars.
15. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the at
least one element of insulating material comprises polystyrol.
16. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the at
least one element of insulating material is of a rectangular
shape.
17. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the recess
in the at least one element of insulating material extends over a
whole length of the at least one insulating material.
18. The prefab panel according to the claim 1, wherein: the at
least one element of insulating material after assembly of the
building forms the outside wall surface of the building, thereby
forming a double layer wall with structural support function and
thermal insulation.
19. A method of making prefab panel for assembling a double layer
wall of a building, with structural support function and thermal
insulation, comprising: connecting at least one element of brick
material having an exposed surface, a connection surface, a narrow
side with a protrusion, and an opposite narrow side with a recess
to an intermediate layer composed of cement mortar; and connecting
at least one element of insulating material having a connection
surface, an exposed surface, a narrow side with a protrusion, and
an opposite narrow side with a recess to the intermediate
layer.
20. The method of making a prefab panel according to the claim 19,
wherein: the connection surface of the at least one element of
insulating material, is arranged facing the intermediate layer
composed of cement mortar and comprises recesses or grooves,
wherein a cross-section is substantially shaped as a "C" with its
aperture oriented towards the layer of cement mortar.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C.
.sctn.119 of Swiss Patent Application No. 01343/06, filed Aug. 23,
2006, the disclosure of which are expressly incorporated by
reference herein in its entirety.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] 1. Field of the Invention
[0003] The present invention relates to a prefab panel of double
layer walls in buildings to provide structural support as well as
thermal insulation. The prefab panel can be utilized, preferably
but not exclusively, as external walls of residential homes,
private or public administrative or office buildings, e.g., schools
and hospitals.
[0004] 2. Background and Related Information
[0005] Prefab double layer walls are known as such in the building
trade. The present invention refers in particular to a solution for
double layer walls, as disclosed in European patent application
filed Feb. 13, 2006, under the number EP-06405065, the disclosure
of which is hereby expressly incorporated by reference in its
entirety, and of which the present invention intends to provide a
further improvement. The contents of the patent application cited
above, concerning an "element in brick material for realizing
prefab panels for buildings," thus is considered part of the
description of the present invention.
[0006] EP-06405065, which is commonly assigned to the assignee of
the present patent application, describes an element in brick
material (a kind of brick or tile of oblong form) presenting
certain specific properties rendering it suitable to be assembled
into a double layer wall using an intermediate cement mortar layer
in the inter-space between two elements of brick material arranged
opposite each other. Each element of brick material contains a
plurality of longitudinally extending bores forming isolating air
chambers or, if filled with insulation material or with cement
mortar, improve the thermal insulation properties or the structural
mechanical resistance properties of the element. Assembly of two
elements of brick material to form a double layer wall is
illustrated in a series of figures in EP-06405065 (e.g. the FIGS.
9, 10, 13, 16, 17, 29 and 30), whereas other figures show the
possibility of forming angled elements of buildings, enclosing
90.degree. angles (FIG. 22). This disclosure demonstrates the great
versatility of this element of brick material, which after suitable
assembly permits utilizing a vast array of applications. Thus, the
present invention does not seek to replace the teachings of the
EP-06405065 cited above with respect to the solutions for
assembling two elements of brick material arranged opposite each
other, but seeks to enlarge the characteristics of applications
with the help of substantially improved thermal insulation
properties of double layer walls realized using the teachings of
the patent application cited. As mentioned above, EP-06405065
describes the possibility of filling the longitudinal bores of the
elements of brick material with more or less ecological insulation
material, but this permits limited improvement merely of the
thermal insulation properties in comparison with the improvement to
be reached using the present invention, without impairing in any
way the teachings of the preceding European patent EP-06405065.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention applies the teachings of commonly
owned European patent EP-06405065 concerning the basic structure of
the double layer wall realized as well as the method of
manufacturing thereof, and thus of realizing or utilizing in a
rational and economical manner double layer walls suitable for all
the applications provided and illustrated in the preceding
application, but presenting much higher thermal insulation values
compared with the ones provided according to the patent application
referred to.
[0008] In other words, the present invention includes advantages
that can be reached by substituting, in a prefab double layer wall
construction, one of the layers of elements of brick material
according to the teachings of EP-06405065 with elements of thermal
insulating material, e.g., polystyrol, presenting essentially the
same outline form as the elements of brick material substituted.
However, these layers are not provided with longitudinal through
bores for better mechanical strength. This wall layer of polystyrol
is intended, as recommended by the thermal insulation technology
for buildings, to be used as the outer wall layer of the building
in order to obtain the maximum advantage of applying double layer
walls of this type.
[0009] The present invention relates to a prefab panel for
assembling a double layer wall of a building, with structural
support function and thermal insulation. The panel includes at
least one element of brick material having an exposed surface, a
connection surface, a narrow side with a protrusion, and an
opposite narrow side with a recess, an intermediate layer composed
of cement mortar, at least one element of insulating material with
a connection surface, an exposed surface, a narrow side with a
protrusion, and an opposite narrow side with a recess.
[0010] The prefab panel can further provide that the connection
surface of the at least one element of insulating material, is
arranged facing the intermediate layer composed of cement mortar
and comprises recesses or grooves, wherein a cross-section is
substantially shaped as a "C" with its aperture oriented towards
the layer of cement mortar.
[0011] The prefab panel can further provide that the cross-section
of the grooves is substantially shaped as a "swallow tail" with its
aperture oriented towards the layer of cement mortar.
[0012] The prefab panel can further provide that a thickness of the
at least one element of insulating material ranges from
approximately 5 to approximately 15 cm.
[0013] The prefab panel can further provide that at least one
element of brick material contains a plurality of through bores
extending over the whole length of the at least one element of
brick material, each of which forms an insulating air chamber.
[0014] The prefab panel can further provide that a thickness of the
at least one element of brick material ranges from approximately 8
to approximately 15 cm.
[0015] The prefab panel can further provide that a total thickness
of the prefab panel ranges from approximately 25 to approximately
45 cm.
[0016] The prefab panel can further provide that at least one
element of brick material and the at least one element of
insulating material have essentially of the same dimensions of
length, and width, respectively.
[0017] The prefab panel can further provide that a plurality of
elements of brick material and a same plurality of elements of
insulating material are suitably assembled, with the help of an
intermediate layer composed of reinforced cement mortar to form a
wall of the height corresponding to the length of the single
elements of brick material and insulating material, respectively,
and of the width corresponding to the width of the single elements,
multiplied by the number of individual elements of brick material
and insulating material in the corresponding direction,
respectively, forming the wall height, and width, respectively.
[0018] The prefab panel can further provide that a length of the at
least one element of insulating material ranges from approximately
100 to approximately 300 cm, and that the minimum density of the
insulating material is approximately 20 kg/m.sup.3.
[0019] The prefab panel can further provide that at least one
element of brick material is of a rectangular shape.
[0020] The prefab panel can further provide that a recess in the at
least one element of brick material which extends over a whole
length of the at least one brick material.
[0021] The prefab panel can further provide that at least one
element after assembly of the building forms an inner wall surface
of the building.
[0022] The prefab panel can further provide that an intermediate
layer composed of cement mortar further comprises a suitable
reinforcing structure of steel bars.
[0023] The prefab panel can further provide that at least one
element of insulating material includes polystyrol.
[0024] The prefab panel can further provide that at least one
element of insulating material is of a rectangular shape.
[0025] The prefab panel can further provide that a recess in the at
least one element of insulating material which extends over a whole
length of the at least one insulating material.
[0026] The prefab panel can further provide that at least one
element of insulating material after assembly of the building forms
the outside wail surface of the building, thereby forming a double
layer wall with structural support function and thermal
insulation.
[0027] The present invention provides a method of making prefab
panel for assembling a double layer wall of a building, with
structural support function and thermal insulation, including
connecting at least one element of brick material having an exposed
surface, a connection surface, a narrow side with a protrusion, and
an opposite narrow side with a recess to an intermediate layer
composed of cement mortar; and connecting at least one element of
insulating material having a connection surface, an exposed
surface, a narrow side with a protrusion, and an opposite narrow
side with a recess to the intermediate layer.
[0028] The method of making a prefab panel can further include that
the connection surface of the at least one element of insulating
material, is arranged facing the intermediate layer composed of
cement mortar and comprises recesses or grooves, wherein a
cross-section is substantially shaped as a "C" with its aperture
oriented towards the layer of cement mortar.
[0029] Other exemplary embodiments and advantages of the present
invention may be ascertained by reviewing the present disclosure
and the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] The present invention is further described in the detailed
description which follows, in reference to the noted plurality of
drawings by way of non-limiting examples of preferred embodiments
of the present invention, in which like numerals represent like
elements throughout the several views of the drawings unless
otherwise noted, and wherein:
[0031] FIG. 1 is a cross-section of an inventive panel, the basic
construction of which is the same as the one shown in the FIG. 13
of the EP-06405065, but with the difference that one of the
elements of brick material according to the present invention has
been substituted by an element of polystyrol;
[0032] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of the element of polystyrol
according to the FIG. 1;
[0033] FIG. 3 is an alternative element of polystyrol material
applicable within the frame of the present invention, the outer
shape of which is perfectly equal to the one of the element of
brick material shown in e.g. the FIG. 13 of the EP-06405065;
[0034] FIG. 4 is the possibility of combining two elements of
polystyrol with an intermediate layer of cement mortar to form a
separating wall in a building. This possibility, however, is shown
merely to underline the versatility of the manufacturing system for
producing the inventive panels.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0035] The particulars shown herein are by way of example and for
purposes of illustrative discussion of the embodiments of the
present invention only and are presented in the cause of providing
what is believed to be the most useful and readily understood
description of the principles and conceptual aspects of the present
invention. In this regard, no attempt is made to show structural
details of the present invention in more detail than is necessary
for the fundamental understanding of the present invention, the
description taken with the drawings making apparent to those
skilled in the art how the several forms of the present invention
may be embodied in practice.
[0036] Before the inventive solutions are described in more detail,
some definitions of general character are to be outlined: [0037] In
the exemplary figures, the term "upper side surface," and "lower
side surface" respectively, refer to the surface as illustrated,
i.e., the term, "lower side" refers to an element surface facing
downwards in the exemplary figures, where the term "upper side"
refers to an element surface facing upwards. Of course it is
apparent these definitions are merely for ease of explaining the
invention with reference to the drawings, particularly since, when
in use, the "upper" and "lower" sides of the elements are arranged
in vertical position, and after assembly, the panels on the
building site will form just outside or inside wall surfaces of the
building. [0038] The term "polystyrol," as a material forming the
basic insulating element for the present invention, is understood
generally as an expanded polystyrol of the type normally used for
insulating or packaging purposes, etc. It is understood the present
invention is not limited to the application of a particular type of
thermal insulating material, and can utilize any thermal insulating
material presenting suitable thermal insulation properties, which
can be shaped into plates of the desired cross-sections. Thus, also
non-expanded material can be also used, provided it can be shaped
mechanically.
[0039] The figures illustrate several preferred embodiments of the
present invention. FIG. 1 illustrates a cross-sectional
representation of a prefabricated panel according to the present
invention, which generally corresponds to FIG. 13 of EP-06405065.
The corresponding description of the panel according to FIG. 13 of
EP-06405065 thus can be generally adapted to the panel represented
in FIG. 1, and in particular to elements not shown in FIG. 1, such
as, e.g., steel reinforcement structures (formed e.g., as a cage),
or the application of suitable distancing members. As these items
are part of the technique of manufacturing of the panels described
in EP-06405065, these details are not described in more detail
here. It is to be noted that the manufacturing equipment for
producing the panel according to FIG. 14 of EP-06405065 can be used
for producing the panel according to FIG. 1 of the present
invention. The main difference, however, is that in the exemplary
embodiment depicted in FIG. 1, one of the elements of brick
material forming the walls of the sandwich type panel according to
EP-06405065 is replaced by an element of thermal insulating
material, e.g., polystyrol, having a cross-section of form that can
be the same as, or at least similar to, the replaced one element of
brick material.
[0040] In FIG. 1, an element of brick material of rectangular form
is designated 1, presenting a lower side (i.e., exposed) surface 2,
an upper side (i.e., connecting) surface 3, a narrow side with a
protrusion 5, and an opposite narrow side with a recess 6 extending
over a whole length of element 1 (i.e., perpendicular to the page).
Moreover, recess 6 is formed to receive protrusions of another
element 1. This element 1 of brick material, which can also contain
the longitudinal through bores known from the FIG. 13 of the
EP-06405065, and which, after assembly of the wall panel on the
building site, is oriented in a vertical position to form the inner
wall side. In this regard, according to the well known technique of
laying out isolating panels, the inner wall side is the one
presenting lower thermal insulation, whereas the outer wall side
presents the higher thermal insulation.
[0041] In FIG. 1, in the sense of a mere example, two elements 1
and 1' are shown arranged side by side in such a manner that they
form a connection where protrusion 5' is inserted into recess 6. In
this regard, a wall of a building can include any number of
elements 1, 1' arranged side by side, of variable length and
suitable to form--as shown in the EP-06405065--the various types of
walls cited in that document.
[0042] Above element 1 of brick material, relative to the
orientation of the drawing in FIG. 1, an intermediate layer 7 of
cement mortar is provided with suitable reinforcing steel bars (not
shown). The thickness of this intermediate layer depends on the
application intended of the panel and thus can be chosen from a few
centimeters to some decimeters.
[0043] The panel then is completed on its upper side with an
element 8 of thermal insulating material, e.g., polystyrol, which
is also of rectangular form that includes a lower side surface 9,
an upper side surface 10, a narrow side 11 with a protrusion 12,
and an opposite narrow side with a recess 13 extending over a whole
length of element 8 of thermal insulating material, e.g.,
polystyrol. The element 8 of thermal insulating material, e.g.,
polystyrol, which provides high thermal insulation capacity, is
provided to form, after assembly of the panel on the building site,
an outside wall surface of the building.
[0044] Generally, the dimensions of the length (l) and the width
(m) (not indicated in the Figures, all of which show cross-sections
at right angles to the length of the panel, but are indicated in
the corresponding figures in EP-06405065) of the element 1 of brick
material and of the element 8 of the thermal insulating material 8,
e.g., polystyrol, can be equal or can be multiples of each other
(the width of the thermal insulating material being, e.g., twice,
or half of, the width of the element of brick material).
[0045] For improved anchoring in the cement mortar 7, the element 1
of brick material as well as the element 8 of the thermal
insulating material, e.g., polystyrol, are provided with recesses
or grooves extending longitudinally, where the recesses or grooves
in the element 1 of brick material are the same as shown in the
examples represented in EP-06405065, such that element 14 in the
element 8 of thermal insulating material, e.g., polystyrol--located
in the lower side surface 9 of the element, i.e., the surface
oriented towards the intermediate layer of the cement mortar 7
presents a cross-section shaped as a "C" open towards the cement
mortar 7.
[0046] The orientation of the grooves 14 extending longitudinally
is not essential for the present invention. It is to be noted,
however, that these grooves permit secure anchoring of the element
8 of thermal insulation material, e.g., polystyrol (which is
typically light weight with little to no mechanical resistance
properties) in the cement mortar 7. A preferred shape of the
grooves 14, shown in the FIG. 1 in an exemplary embodiment, is the
"swallow tail" cross-section, with the opening oriented towards the
layer of cement mortar 7. An advantage of this shape is that it can
aid in the manufacturing process.
[0047] According to a preferred embodiment of the panel of the
present invention, the thickness d of the element 8 of thermal
insulating material, e.g., polystyrol ranges from approximately 5
cm to approximately 15 cm.
[0048] According to another embodiment of the present invention,
the element 1 of brick material contains a plurality of bores 15,
15', . . . 15.sup.n, representing insulating air chambers,
extending longitudinally through element 1. In some embodiments,
the plurality of bores 15, 15', . . . 15.sup.n, can also be filled
with cement mortar (for increasing the mechanical resistance of the
element 1), or with other thermally insulating material, as
represented in EP-06405065.
[0049] According to a further embodiment of the present invention,
the thickness f of the element 1 of brick material can range from
approximately 8 cm to approximately 15 cm, whereas the total
thickness D of the panel can ranges from approximately 25 to
approximately 45 cm.
[0050] The length (l) of the element 8 of thermal insulating
material, e.g., polystyrol (not shown in the figures, but the
length (l) of the element is similarly depicted in FIG. 3 of the
EP-06405065), practical experience has shown that this length can
range from approximately 100 to approximately 300 cm, with the
minimum density of the thermal insulating material being
approximately 20 kg/m.sup.3.
[0051] In FIG. 2, the element 8 of thermal insulating material,
e.g., polystyrol according to FIG. 1 is shown enlarged for better
visibility of the geometric details.
[0052] In FIG. 3, an alternative embodiment depicting element 8 of
thermal insulating material, e.g., polystyrol is shown, in which
the grooves 14 are of the same, or of a similar, cross-sectional
shape as the anchoring grooves of element 1 as shown in
EP-06405065.
[0053] Expressed in other words, the cross-section of the element 8
of the thermal insulating material, e.g., polystyrol can be the
same, or similar to, the element 1 of brick material. This can
present several advantages in manufacture, for example, when the
frame required for producing the panel remains independent of the
type of element (of brick material or of thermal insulating
material, e.g., polystyrol) is used, the flexibility of the plant
for manufacturing the panels can be improved.
[0054] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, FIG.
4 depicts panel elements 8 of thermal insulating material, e.g.,
polystyrol, which builds on the teachings of EP-06405065. For
example, if panel elements of thermal insulating material, e.g.,
polystyrol, of adequate thickness (d) are chosen, using the same
frames that are used for manufacturing, e.g., the sandwich panels
according to the FIG. 13 of EP-06405065, the panels shown in the
FIG. 1 of the present invention can be produced. Alternatively, for
specific cases of application, double layer panels according to the
FIG. 4, with two layers of elements 8 of thermal insulating
material, e.g., polystyrol, can also be produced.
[0055] In one embodiment, the present invention makes use of
traditional materials, such as brick or tile material or plates of
slate, and polystyrol which provides excellent insulation
properties, reinforcing steel and cement mortar, but combines these
materials in a unique and original manner, such that prefab wall
panels of large dimensions can be obtained. In addition, such a
configuration can also provide increased structural strength,
thermal insulation, and a more favorable finish.
[0056] In addition, other advantages of the present invention are
seen in the simplification of the manufacturing process for the
structural elements in the manufacturing plant with the help of a
standardized method of assembling the single elements, which is
practically the same for all types of prefab panels. Therefore,
production time and thus cost can be reduced substantially.
[0057] It is noted that the foregoing examples have been provided
merely for the purpose of explanation and are in no way to be
construed as limiting of the present invention. While the present
invention has been described with reference to exemplary
embodiments, it is understood that the words which have been used
herein are words of description and illustration, rather than words
of limitation. Changes may be made, within the purview of the
appended claims, as presently stated and as amended, without
departing from the scope and spirit of the present invention in its
aspects. Although the present invention has been described herein
with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, the
present invention is not intended to be limited to the particulars
disclosed herein; rather, the present invention extends to all
functionally equivalent structures, methods and uses, such as are
within the scope of the appended claims.
[0058] Further, when an amount, concentration, or other value or
parameter, is given as a list of upper preferable values and lower
preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically
disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of an upper preferred
value and a lower preferred value, regardless whether ranges are
separately disclosed.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0059] 1 element of brick material [0060] 2 lower side surface of
the element of brick material [0061] 3 upper side surface of the
element of brick material [0062] 4 narrow side [0063] 5 protrusion
[0064] 6 recess [0065] 7 intermediate layer of cement mortar [0066]
8 thermal insulating material [0067] 9 lower side surface of the
thermal insulating material [0068] 10 upper side surface of the
thermal insulating material [0069] 11 narrow side [0070] 12
protrusion [0071] 13 recess [0072] 14 groove [0073] 15, 15', . . .
15.sup.n through bores extending longitudinally [0074] 16
inter-space or hollow room
* * * * *