U.S. patent application number 11/897228 was filed with the patent office on 2008-03-06 for dental materials having low polymerization shrinkage.
Invention is credited to Urs-Karl Fischer, Norbert Moszner, Helmut Ritter, Matthias Schaub, Monir Tabatabai, Andreas Utterodt.
Application Number | 20080058443 11/897228 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38688156 |
Filed Date | 2008-03-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080058443 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Moszner; Norbert ; et
al. |
March 6, 2008 |
Dental materials having low polymerization shrinkage
Abstract
The present invention relates to dental materials composed of
calix[n]arenes and also to the use thereof for cements, composites,
adhesives and coating materials in the dental field. The materials
include (a) 0.5 to 90% by weight of at least one polymerizable
calix[n]arene according to formula (I), (b) 0.01 to 5% by weight of
initiator, (c) 0 to 90% by weight of at least one additional
monomer which can polymerize under cationic and/or radical
conditions and/or which can polymerize by ring opening, (d) 0 to
85% by weight of filler, (e) 0.01 to 5% by weight of additive and
(f) 0 to 70% by weight of solvent.
Inventors: |
Moszner; Norbert; (Triesen,
LI) ; Ritter; Helmut; (Wuppertal, DE) ;
Fischer; Urs-Karl; (Arbon, CH) ; Tabatabai;
Monir; (Dusseldorf, DE) ; Schaub; Matthias;
(Linsengericht, DE) ; Utterodt; Andreas;
(Neu-Anspach, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Friedrick Kueffner
Suite 910
317 Madison Avenue
New York
NY
10017
US
|
Family ID: |
38688156 |
Appl. No.: |
11/897228 |
Filed: |
August 29, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
523/116 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 6/20 20200101; A61K
6/887 20200101; A61K 6/30 20200101; A61K 6/887 20200101; A61K 6/20
20200101; A61K 6/20 20200101; C08F 222/1006 20130101; A61K 6/20
20200101; A61K 6/891 20200101; A61K 6/30 20200101; A61K 6/891
20200101; A61K 6/887 20200101; A61K 6/30 20200101; A61K 6/30
20200101; A61K 6/891 20200101; C08L 33/04 20130101; A61K 6/20
20200101; A61K 6/30 20200101; C08L 33/04 20130101; C08L 33/04
20130101; C08L 33/04 20130101; C08L 61/14 20130101; C08L 33/04
20130101; C08L 61/14 20130101; C08L 61/14 20130101; C08L 61/14
20130101; C08L 61/14 20130101; C08L 61/14 20130101; C08L 33/04
20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
523/116 |
International
Class: |
A61K 6/08 20060101
A61K006/08 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 29, 2006 |
DE |
10 2006 040 439.4 |
Jul 30, 2007 |
DE |
10 2007 035 734.8 |
Claims
1. Dental materials comprising (a) 0.5 to 90% by weight of at least
one polymerizable calix[n]arene according to general formula (I),
##STR10## (b) 0.01 to 5% by weight of initiator, (c) 0 to 90% by
weight of at least one additional monomer which can polymerize
under cationic and/or radical conditions and/or which can
polymerize by ring opening, (d) 0 to 85% by weight of filler, (e)
0.01 to 5% by weight of additive and (f) 0 to 70% by weight of
solvent.
2. Dental materials according to claim 1, comprising (a) 0.5 to 40%
by weight of at least one calix[n]arene according to formula (I),
(b) 0.01 to 2% by weight of initiator, (c) 1 to 70% by weight of an
additional monomer which can polymerize under cationic and/or
radical conditions and/or which can polymerize by ring opening, (d)
3 to 80% by weight of filler and (e) 0.01 to 3% by weight of
additive, the percentages each time adding up to 100%.
3. Dental materials according to claim 1, comprising calix[n]arenes
of the general formula (I): ##STR11## in which n=1 to 5,
R.sup.1-R.sup.4=independently of one another, H, a C.sub.1- to
C.sub.15-alkyl radical which can be interrupted by O, a phenyl
radical or a benzyl radical, X.sup.1 represents a group with the
structure: Y.sup.1--R.sub.a.sup.1
(Y.sub.a.sup.1--R.sub.b.sup.1--PG.sup.1).sub.m, in which
Y.sup.1=not present or O, ester, amide or urethane,
R.sub.a.sup.1=an m-valent organic radical which can comprise from 1
to 30 carbon atoms and, if appropriate, also from 0 to 6
heteroatoms, such as O, S or N, m=1 to 3, Y.sub.a.sup.1=not present
or O, ester, amide or urethane, R.sub.b.sup.1=not present or a
C.sub.1-C.sub.16-alkylene radical which can be interrupted by
oxygen atoms, PG.sup.1=a polymerizable group, e.g. a group which
can polymerize under radical conditions, such as (meth)acrylate,
(meth)acrylamide, vinyl, allyl or styryl; a cyclic group which can
polymerize under radical conditions by ring opening, such as, e.g.,
the groups ##STR12## or a group which can polymerize under cationic
conditions, such as, e.g., a vinyl ether or glycidyl group, a
cycloaliphatic epoxide or oxetane group or a polymerizable nitrone
group, with Y.sub.b.sup.1=not present or O, ester, amide or
urethane, R.sub.c.sup.1, R.sub.d.sup.1=independently of one
another, C.sub.1- to C.sub.15-alkyl radical which can be
interrupted by O, a phenyl radical or a benzyl radical; and with
furthermore X.sup.2-X.sup.4=independently of one another, not
present, OH or C.sub.1- to C.sub.10-alkyl radical and which can
have, independently of one another, the same meaning of X.sup.1
and, in addition, can represent a group with the structure:
(Y.sub.a.sup.2--R.sub.b.sup.2-AG).sub.p, in which Y.sub.a.sup.2=not
present or O, ester, amide or urethane, R.sub.b.sup.2=a p-valent
organic radical which can comprise from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and,
if appropriate, also from 0 to 4 heteroatoms, such as O or N, p=1
to 3 and AG=an anchoring group, such as --P.dbd.O(OH).sub.2,
--O--P.dbd.O(OH).sub.2, --COOH or --O--SO.sub.2OH.
4. Dental materials according to claim 2, comprising calix[n]arenes
of the formula (I): ##STR13## in which n=1 to 3,
R.sup.1-R.sup.4=independently of one another, H, a C.sub.1- to
C.sub.10-alkyl radical which can be interrupted by O, or a benzyl
radical, X.sup.1 represents a group with the structure:
Y.sup.1--R.sub.a.sup.1(Y.sub.a.sup.1--R.sub.b.sup.1--PG.sup.1).sub.m,
in which Y.sup.1=not present or O or ester, R.sub.a.sup.1=an
m-valent organic radical which can comprise from 1 to 15 carbon
atoms and, if appropriate, also from 0 to 3 oxygen atoms, m=1 to 2,
Y.sub.a.sup.1=not present or O or ester, R.sub.b.sup.1=not present
or a C.sub.1-C.sub.16-alkylene radical which can be interrupted by
oxygen atoms, PG.sup.1=a polymerizable group, a group, which can
polymerize under radical conditions, such as (meth)acrylate or
(meth)acrylamide, a cyclic group which can polymerize under radical
conditions by ring opening, such as, e.g., the groups ##STR14## or
a group which can polymerize under cationic conditions, such as,
e.g., a cycloaliphatic epoxide or oxetane group or a polyreactive
nitrone group, with Y.sub.b.sup.1=not present or O, ester or
urethane, R.sub.c.sup.1, R.sub.d.sup.1=independently of one
another, C.sub.1- to C.sub.5-alkyl radical, a phenyl radical or a
benzyl radical; and with furthermore X.sup.2-X.sup.4=independently
of one another, not present or C.sub.1- to C.sub.10-alkyl radical
and which can have, independently of one another, the same meaning
of X.sup.1 and, in addition, can represent a group with the
structure: (Y.sub.a.sup.2--R.sub.b.sup.2-AG).sub.p, in which
Y.sub.a.sup.2=not present or O or ester, R.sub.b.sup.2=a p-valent
organic radical which can comprise from 1 to 10 carbon atoms and,
if appropriate, also from 0 to 2 oxygen atoms, p=1 to 2 and AG=an
anchoring group, such as, e.g., --P.dbd.O(OH).sub.2,
--O--P.dbd.O(OH).sub.2, --COOH or --O--SO.sub.2OH.
5. Dental materials according to claim 1, comprising from 0.5 to
90% by weight of a calix[n]arene of the formula (I).
6. Dental materials according to claim 1, additionally comprising
initiators, additional monomers which can polymerize under cationic
conditions, monomers which can polymerize under radical conditions,
fillers and additives or one or more of these substances,
7. Dental materials according to claim 6, comprising, as monomers
which can polymerize under radical conditions, monomers which can
polymerize by ring opening, in particular mono- or polyfunctional
vinylcyclopropanes or bicyclic cyclopropaneacrylates or cyclic
allyl sulphides, and polyfunctional (meth)acrylates or mixtures of
these monomers.
8. Dental materials according to claim 1, the materials being
cements comprising (a) 0.5 to 30% by weight of at least one
calix[n]arene according to formula (I), (b) 0.01 to 2% by weight of
initiator, (c) 1 to 30% by weight of at least one additional
monomer which can polymerize under cationic and/or radical
conditions and/or at least one additional monomer which can
polymerize by ring opening, (d) 5 to 70% by weight of filler and
(e) 0.01 to 5% by weight of additive, the percentages each time
adding up to 100%.
9. Dental materials according to claim 8, comprising (a) 0.5 to 20%
by weight of at least one calix[n]arene according to formula (I),
(b) 0.01 to 1.5% by weight of initiator, (c) 5 to 20% by weight of
at least one additional monomer which can polymerize under radical
conditions and/or at least one additional monomer which can
polymerize by ring opening, (d) 10 to 60% by weight of filler and
(e) 0.01 to 3% by weight of additive, the percentages each time
adding up to 100%.
10. Dental materials according to claim 1, the materials being
filling composites comprising (a) 0.5 to 30% by weight of at least
one calix[n]arene according to formula (I), (b) 0.01 to 5% by
weight of initiator, (c) 1 to 30% by weight of at least one
additional monomer which can polymerize under ionic or radical
conditions and/or at least one additional monomer which can
polymerize by ring opening, (d) 5 to 85% by weight of filler and
(e) 0.01 to 5% by weight of additive, the percentages each time
adding up to 100%.
11. Dental materials according to claim 10, comprising (a) 0.5 to
20% by weight of at least one calix[n]arene according to formula
(I), (b) 0.01 to 2% by weight of initiator, (c) 5 to 20% by weight
of at least one additional monomer which can polymerize under
radical conditions and/or at least one additional monomer which can
polymerize by ring opening, (d) 10 to 80% by weight of filler and
(e) 0.01 to 3% by weight of additive, the percentages each time
adding up to 100%.
12. Dental materials according to claim 1, the materials being
coating materials comprising (a) 0.5 to 70% by weight of at least
one calix[n]arene according to formula (I), (b) 0.01 to 5% by
weight of initiator, (c) 5 to 60% by weight of at least one
additional monomer which can polymerize under ionic or radical
conditions and/or at least one additional monomer which can
polymerize by ring opening, (d) 1 to 30% by weight of a filler, (e)
0.01 to 5% by weight of additive and (f) 0 to 70% by weight of
solvent, the percentages each time adding up to 100%.
13. Dental materials according to claim 12, comprising (a) 1 to 50%
by weight of at least one calix[n]arene according to formula (I),
(b) 0.01 to 1.5% by weight of initiator, (c) 5 to 60% by weight of
at least one additional monomer which can polymerize under radical
conditions and/or at least one additional monomer which can
polymerize by ring opening, (d) 3 to 20% by weight of a filler, (e)
0.01 to 3% by weight of additive and (f) 0 to 30% by weight of
solvent, the percentages each time adding up to 100%.
14. Dental materials according to claim 1, the materials being
dental adhesives comprising (a) 0.5 to 50% by weight of at least
one calix[n]arene according to formula (I), (b) 0.01 to 5% by
weight of at least one initiator, (c) 5 to 70% by weight of at
least one additional monomer which can polymerize under radical
conditions and/or at least one additional monomer which can
polymerize by ring opening, (d) 0 to 30% by weight of filler, (e)
0.01 to 5% by weight of additives and (f) 0 to 50% by weight of
solvent, the percentages each time adding up to 100%.
15. Dental materials according to claim 14, comprising (a) 1 to 30%
by weight of a calix[n]arene according to formula (I), (b) 0.01 to
2% by weight of at least one initiator, (c) 5 to 60% by weight of
at least one additional monomer which can polymerize under cationic
and/or radical conditions and/or by ring opening, (d) 3 to 20% by
weight of filler, (e) 0.01 to 3% by weight of additives and (f) 0
to 20% by weight of solvent, the percentages adding up to 100%.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] The present invention relates to dental materials comprising
calix[n]arenes having low polymerization shrinkage and comparable
mechanical properties.
[0003] 2. Description of the Related Art
[0004] Calix[n]arenes are cyclic oligomers, known as
1.sub.n-metacyclophanes (Scheme 1, formula 1), which are accessible
by condensation of p-alkylphenols with formaldehyde (Scheme 1,
formula 2) or of resorcinol with aldehydes (Scheme 1, formula 3),
the phenolic OH groups being arranged in the endo (intraannular) or
exo (extraannular) position. In this connection, the particular
bowl- or cup-like conformation of the calix[n]arenes has resulted
in numerous applications in catalysis, chromatography, analysis or
sensor technology (V. Bohmer, Angew. Chem., 107 (1995), 785-818).
##STR1##
Scheme 1: 1: 1.sub.n-metacyclophanes, 2: calix[n]arene of a
p-substituted phenol and 3: calix[4]resorcarene
[0005] Quite a number of papers on the synthesis and polymerization
of polymerizable calix[n]arenes are known from the scientific
literature. Examples of this are the synthesis of the radically
polymerizable
5-[3-(methacryloyloxy)propyl]-25,26,27,28-tetrabutoxycalix[4]arene
(D. M. Gravett and J. E. Guillet, Macromolecules, 29 (1996),
617-724) or of
5-(1-(acryloyloxypropyloxymethyl)-25,26,27,28-tetra(2-ethoxyethyl)calix[4-
]arene (M. T. Blanda and E. Adou, Polymer, 39 (1998), 3821-3826),
the synthesis and radical polymerization of p-alkylcalix[6]arenes
having (meth)acryl groups, such as, e.g., the hexa(meth)acrylates
of p-methyl- or p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene, (M. Iyo, K. Tsutsui, A.
Kameyama and T. Nishikubo, J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 37
(1999), 3071-3078) or the synthesis of cationically polymerizable
calix[n]arenes, such as, e.g., of
5,11,17,23,29,35-hexamethyl-37,38,39,40,41,42-hexakis(allyloxy)c-
alix[6]arene (T. Nishikubo, A. Kameyama, K. Tsutsui and M. Iyo, J.
Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem., 37 (1999), 1805-1814).
[0006] The use of calix[n]arenes in combination with polymerizable
formulations is known from the patent literature. Thus, e.g., U.S.
Pat. No. 4,636,539, U.S. Pat. No. 4,718,966, U.S. Pat. No.
4,912,183, EP 235 935 and FR 2 795 077 describe the use of
calix[n]arenes, not modified reactively, as accelerators for
cyanoacrylate adhesives.
[0007] U.S. Pat. No. 4,699,966 describes calix[n]arenes
functionalized with acrylate or methacrylate groups and polymers
thereof as sequestering agents for metal ions. Additional, more
specific, polymerizable calix[n]arene and oxacalixarene derivatives
with at least one phenolic side group are described in U.S. Pat.
No. 5,216,185.
[0008] JP 09-263560 describes calix[n]arene derivatives which are
functionalized with (meth)acrylate, vinyl or propenyl groups and
can be polymerized thermally or photochemically. JP 11-043524
describes similar systems which, however, are additionally modified
with polyalkylene oxide groups.
[0009] WO 2005/075398 A1 and JP 2002-088007 describe polymerizable
calix[n]arene derivatives which result, in curable photoresists, in
an improved resistance to heat. JP 2004-137395 claims a cellulose
acrylate film comprising a polymerizable calix[n]arene derivative
with the advantage of improved mechanical and optical
properties.
[0010] JP 2002-003563 and JP 09-263560 describe calix[n]arene
derivatives comprising polymerizable groups (acrylate,
methacrylate, vinyl, vinyl ether, and the like) and acid or
anhydride groups. These find use as etching resists, adhesives,
lacquers or coatings.
[0011] GB 2 185 261 describes a radically polymerizable composition
as adhesive filler comprising a calix[n]arene derivative. JP
02-124850 describes the preparation of calix[n]arene derivatives by
heating p-tert-butylcalix[6]arenes with glycidyl methacrylate and
tri(n-butyl)amine. U.S. Pat. No. 4,617,336 and CA 1 273 954
describe calixarenes with acrylate groups for the stabilizing of
organic materials, in particular polymers.
[0012] JP 2000-256362 describes polymerizable calix[n]arene
derivatives which are functionalized with spiroorthoester groups.
These compounds, which are distinguished by a polymerization
without shrinkage in volume, are suitable, inter alia, for use as
coating materials.
[0013] JP 2000-264953 describes, finally, curable epoxy resins
which acquire advantageous properties by addition of
calix[n]arenes, such as a high crosslinking density, high
resistance to heat and good mechanical properties.
[0014] WO 2005/120229 describes substances which release terpenes
and/or aromatic alcohols. The substances and compositions depicted
can, inter alia, also comprise calix[n]arenes and are used, first
and foremost, to prevent microorganisms from adhering to surfaces.
By way of example, compositions are described which prevent the
development of microorganisms in jointing compounds. Likewise, the
use of compositions comprising calix[n]arene for the cleaning of
prostheses is described.
[0015] U.S. Pat. No. 4,699,966 describes calix[n]arenes and
polymers prepared therefrom, the calix[n]arenes being mixed with an
initiator and polymerized using light. The use as filler-comprising
dental material or as component in such materials is not
described.
[0016] U.S. Pat. No. 6,117,944 A describes the preparation and the
determination of the reactivity of various calixarene-comprising
filler-free compositions. The use in dental materials is not a
subject-matter of this patent application.
[0017] EP 1 712 537 A1 describes a multitude of different
calix[n]arenes in different compositions. These, though, comprise
no filler and no additional radically polymerizable components.
[0018] EP 432 990 A2 describes filler-free compositions for the
masking and coating of metals. The materials are cured from a
solution using actinic radiation. Filler-comprising dental
materials with calix[n]arene are not disclosed.
[0019] EP 196 895 B1 describes filler-free adhesive compositions
which contain no filler. The polymers produced comprise
calix[n]arene sequences.
[0020] WO 2005/056741 A1 describes non-stick compositions. These
are devoid of filler and have, as coating, even for prostheses and
dental or oral care products, no direct reference to dental
materials, which concern materials for the preservation or
reconstruction of the masticatory apparatus. Filler-comprising
compositions for dental use are not disclosed.
[0021] WO 94/15907 A1 describes calix[n]arenes comprising cyano
groups which are used devoid of filler and for which a slight
shrinkage was observed. Filler-comprising dental materials are not
disclosed.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0022] Therefore, it is the object of the invention to make
available dental materials which, in comparison with the
conventional materials based on normal methacrylates, are
distinguished by a lower polymerization shrinkage and good
mechanical properties and, in addition, allow additional
advantageous properties, such as, e.g., self-adhesion, to be
obtained.
[0023] This object is achieved by dental materials which exhibit
the following components or are composed of the following
components: [0024] (a) 0.5 to 90% by weight, particularly
preferably 0.5 to 40% by weight, of at least one polymerizable
calix[n]arene according to formula (I), [0025] (b) 0.01 to 5% by
weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, of initiator,
[0026] (c) 0 to 90% by weight, particularly preferably 1 to 70% by
weight, of at least one additional monomer which can polymerize
under cationic and/or radical conditions and/or at least one
additional monomer which can polymerize by ring opening,
(meth)acrylates which can polymerize by ring opening or
polyfunctional (meth)acrylates being preferred, [0027] (d) 0 to 85%
by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 80% by weight, of filler
and [0028] (e) 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01
to 3% by weight, of additive, the percentages each time adding up
to 100%.
[0029] The various features of novelty which characterize the
invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed
to and forming a part of the disclosure. For a better understanding
of the invention, its operating advantages, specific objects
attained by its use, reference should be had to descriptive matter
in which there are described preferred embodiments of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0030] Use is preferably made, according to the invention, of
calix[n]arenes of the general formula (I): ##STR2## in which [0031]
n=1 to 5, [0032] R.sup.1-R.sup.4=independently of one another, H, a
C.sub.1- to C.sub.15-alkyl radical which can be interrupted by O, a
phenyl radical or a benzyl radical, [0033] X.sup.1 represents a
group with the structure:
Y.sup.1--R.sub.a.sup.1(Y.sub.a.sup.1--R.sub.b.sup.1--PG.sup.1).sub.m,
in which [0034] Y.sup.1=not present or O, ester, amide or urethane,
[0035] R.sub.a.sup.1=an m-valent organic radical which can comprise
from 1 to 30 carbon atoms and, if appropriate, also from 0 to 6
heteroatoms, such as O, S or N, [0036] m=1 to 3, [0037]
Y.sub.a.sup.1=not present or O, ester, amide or urethane, [0038]
R.sub.b.sup.1=not present or a C.sub.1-C.sub.16-alkylene radical
which can be interrupted by oxygen atoms, [0039] PG.sup.1=a
polymerizable group, e.g. a group which can polymerize under
radical conditions, such as (meth)acrylate, (meth)acrylamide,
vinyl, allyl or styryl; a cyclic group which can polymerize under
radical conditions by ring opening, such as, e.g., the groups
##STR3## or a group which can polymerize under cationic conditions,
such as, e.g., a vinyl ether or glycidyl group, a cycloaliphatic
epoxide or oxetane group or a polymerizable nitrone group, with
[0040] Y.sub.b.sup.1=not present or O, ester, amide or urethane,
[0041] R.sub.c.sup.1, R.sub.d.sup.1=independently of one another,
C.sub.1- to C.sub.15-alkyl radical which can be interrupted by O, a
phenyl radical or a benzyl radical; [0042] and with furthermore
[0043] X.sup.2-X.sup.4=independently of one another, not present,
OH or C.sub.1- to C.sub.10-alkyl radical and which can have,
independently of one another, the same meaning of X.sup.1 and, in
addition, can represent a group with the structure:
(Y.sub.a.sup.2--R.sub.b.sup.2-AG).sub.p, in which [0044]
Y.sub.a.sup.2=not present or, if appropriate, O, ester, amide or
urethane, [0045] R.sub.b.sup.2=a p-valent organic radical which can
comprise from 1 to 20 carbon atoms and, if appropriate, also from 0
to 4 heteroatoms, such as O or N, [0046] p=1 to 3 and [0047] AG=an
anchoring group, such as, e.g., --P.dbd.O(OH).sub.2,
--O--P.dbd.O(OH).sub.2, --COOH or --O--SO.sub.2OH.
[0048] Particular preference is given to polymerizable
calix[n]arenes corresponding to the general formula (I) in which
the variables of the groups indicated above have the following
meanings, it being possible for these meanings to be chosen
independently of one another: [0049] n=1 to 3, [0050]
R.sup.1-R.sup.4=independently of one another, H, a C.sub.1- to
C.sub.10-alkyl radical which can be interrupted by O, or a benzyl
radical, [0051] X.sup.1 represents a group with the structure:
Y.sup.1--R.sub.a.sup.1(Y.sub.a.sup.1--R.sub.b.sup.1--PG.sup.1).sub.m,
in which [0052] Y.sup.1=not present or O or ester, [0053]
R.sub.a.sup.1=an m-valent organic radical which can comprise from 1
to 15 carbon atoms and, if appropriate, also from 0 to 3 oxygen
atoms, [0054] m=1 to 2, [0055] Y.sub.a.sup.1=not present or O or
ester, [0056] R.sub.b.sup.1=not present or a
C.sub.1-C.sub.16-alkylene radical which can be interrupted by
oxygen atoms, [0057] PG.sup.1=a polymerizable group, e.g., a group
which can polymerize under radical conditions, such as
(meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide, a cyclic group which can
polymerize under radical conditions by ring opening, such as, e.g.,
the groups ##STR4## or a group which can polymerize under cationic
conditions, such as, e.g., a cycloaliphatic epoxide or oxetane
group or a polymerizable nitrone group, with [0058]
Y.sub.b.sup.1=not present or O, ester or urethane, [0059]
R.sub.c.sup.1, R.sub.d.sup.1=independently of one another, C.sub.1-
to C.sub.5-alkyl radical, a phenyl radical or a benzyl radical; and
with furthermore [0060] X.sup.2-X.sup.4=independently of one
another, not present or C.sub.1- to C.sub.10-alkyl radical and
which can have, independently of one another, the same meaning of
X.sup.1 and, in addition, can represent a group with the structure:
(Y.sub.a.sup.2--R.sub.b.sup.2-AG).sub.p, in which [0061]
Y.sub.a.sup.2=not present or O or ester, [0062] R.sub.b.sup.2=a
p-valent organic radical which can comprise from 1 to 10 carbon
atoms and, if appropriate, also from 0 to 2 oxygen atoms, [0063]
p=1 to 2 and [0064] AG=an anchoring group, such as, e.g.,
--P.dbd.O(OH).sub.2, --O--P.dbd.O (OH).sub.2, --COOH or
--O--SO.sub.2OH.
[0065] The calix[n]arenes of the general formula (I) used according
to the invention can be obtained, starting from suitably
functionalized calix[n]arenes, by reaction with appropriate
polymerizable compounds comprising acid groups. Thus, e.g.,
homogeneously substituted polymerizable calix[n]arenes can be
prepared by modifying HO-functionalized calix[n]arenes with
methacryloyl chloride: ##STR5##
[0066] A concrete example is the preparation of the
hexamethacrylate of p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene: ##STR6##
[0067] Nonhomogeneously substituted polymerizable calix[n]arenes
can be analogously prepared by modifying HO-functionalized
calix[n]arenes with mixtures of polymerizable acid chlorides, such
as, e.g., methacryloyl and acryloyl chloride. Furthermore,
polymerizable calix[n]arenes carrying additional acid groups can be
synthesized by sequential reaction, e.g. polymerizable
calix[n]arenes with dihydrogenphosphate groups by partial reaction
with methylacryloyl chloride, followed by phosphorylation with
phosphoryl chloride.
[0068] Suitable functionalized calix[n]arenes for the synthesis of
the polymerizable calix[n]arenes according to the invention
corresponding to the general formula (I) are known from the
literature; a survey thereof can be found in the review by V.
Bohmer (Angew. Chem., 107 (1995), 785-818). In accordance with
this, a distinction is made between, on the one hand, one-pot
processes, in which, e.g., tert-butylphenol is reacted with
formaldehyde under alkaline conditions, depending on the
temperature and the amount of base, to give the tetra-, hexa- or
octamer. On the other hand, differently substituted calixarenes can
be synthesized stepwise by alternating hydroxymethylation and
condensation steps and, finally, subsequent cyclization of the
linear oligomers thus obtained.
[0069] Suitable functionalized cyclic monomers for the synthesis of
calix[n]arenes of the general formula (I) which can polymerize
under radical conditions by ring opening are known from the
literature. For example, the synthesis of vinylcyclopropanes and of
bicyclic cyclopropylacrylates is described by N. Moszner et al.,
Macromol. Rapid. Commun., 18 (1997), 775-780, or A. de Meijere et
al., Eur. J. Org. Chem., 2004, 3669-3678. The synthesis of
functionalized cyclic allyl sulphides has been published by R. A.
Evans and E. Rizzardo in J. Polym. Sci., Part A. Polym. Chem., 39
(2001), 202-215; Macromolecules, 33 (2000), 6722-6731.
[0070] The calix[n]arenes corresponding to the general formula (I)
which can polymerize under radical conditions used according to the
invention allow the preparation of dental materials which, in
comparison with the conventional materials based on normal
dimethacrylates, are distinguished by a lower polymerization
shrinkage and good mechanical properties and, in addition, it is
possible, e.g. by the use of calix[n]arenes corresponding to the
general formula (I) which can polymerize under radical conditions
and which comprise acid groups, to obtain additional properties,
such as, e.g., self-adhesion.
[0071] Accordingly, the materials according to the invention find
use as self-adhesive dental materials, e.g. filling composites,
cements and coating materials. Likewise, the dental materials
according to the invention can be used as adhesives.
[0072] Even if the use of the compositions according to the
invention is focused on the use in the dental field, these
materials have a broad range of uses, e.g. they can be used as
protective and masking lacquers for optics, electronics and the
motor vehicle industry.
[0073] The calix[n]arenes corresponding to the general formula (I)
which can polymerize under radical conditions used according to the
invention can be used in a mixture with conventional monomers which
can polymerize under radical conditions, in particular with
difunctional (meth)acrylate crosslinking agents. Suitable with
regard to this are in particular crosslinking di- or polyfunctional
acrylates or methacrylates, such as, e.g., bisphenol A
di(meth)acrylate, Bis-GMA (an addition product of methacrylic acid
and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether), UDMA (an addition product of
2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate and 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene
diisocyanate), di-, tri- or tetraethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate,
trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythrityl
tetra(meth)acrylate, and 1,4-butanediol di(meth)acrylate,
1,10-decanediol di(meth)acrylate or 1,12-dodecanediol
di(meth)acrylate.
[0074] Particularly advantageous is the use of the calix[n]arenes
corresponding to the general formula (I) which can polymerize under
radical conditions in a mixture with known monomers which can
polymerize under radical conditions by ring opening with little
shrinkage, such as, e.g., mono- or polyfunctional
vinylcyclopropanes or bicyclic cyclopropaneacrylate derivatives
(cf. DE 196 16 183 C2 or EP 03 022 855) or cyclic allyl sulphides
(cf. U.S. Pat. No. 6,043,361 or U.S. Pat. No. 6,344,556), which, in
addition, can also be used in combination with the di(meth)acrylate
crosslinking agents listed above. Preferred monomers which can
polymerize by ring opening are such vinylcyclopropanes as
1,1-di(ethoxycarbonyl)- or
1,1-di(methoxycarbonyl)-2-vinylcyclopropane or the esters of
1-ethoxycarbonyl- or
1-methoxycarbonyl-2-vinylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid with ethylene
glycol, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane, 1,4-cyclohexanediol or
resorcinol. Preferred bicyclic cyclopropane derivatives are
2-(bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)acrylic acid methyl or ethyl ester or the
disubstitution products in the 3 position thereof, such as
(3,3-bis(ethoxycarbonyl)bicyclo[3.1.0]hex-1-yl)acrylic acid methyl
or ethyl ester. Preferred cyclic allyl sulphides are in particular
the addition products of
2-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methylene-1,4-dithiepane or
7-hydroxy-3-methylene-1,5-dithiacyclooctane with
2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene 1,6-diisocyanate or the asymmetric
hexamethylene diisocyanate trimer Desmodur.RTM. VP LS 2294 from
Bayer AG.
[0075] Particularly suitable is the use of the calix[n]arenes
corresponding to the general formula (I) which can polymerize under
cationic conditions according to the invention in a mixture with
known monomers which can polymerize under cationic conditions by
ring opening with low shrinkage, such as, e.g., glycidyl ethers or
cycloaliphatic epoxides, cyclic ketene acetals,
spiroorthocarbonates, oxetanes or bicyclic orthoesters. Examples
are: 2-methylene-1,4,6-trioxaspiro[2.2]nonane,
3,9-dimethylene-1,5,7,11-tetraoxaspiro[5.5]undecane,
2-methylene-1,3-dioxepane, 2-phenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane,
bisphenol A diglycidyl ether, 3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl
3,4-epoxycyclohexanecarboxylate, bis(3,4-epoxycyclohexylmethyl)
adipate, vinylcyclohexane dioxide,
3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane,
1,10-decanediylbis(oxymethylene)bis(3-ethyloxetane) or
3,3-(4-xylylenedioxy)bis(methyl-3-ethyloxetane) or additional
epoxides mentioned in EP 0 879 257 B1. Silica polycondensates,
which can be obtained, for example, by hydrolytic condensation of
silanes carrying groups which can polymerize under cationic
conditions, preferably, e.g., epoxide, oxetane or spiroorthoester
groups, are also suitable as matrix systems which can polymerize
under cationic conditions. Such silica polycondensates are
described, for example, in DE 41 33 494 C2 or U.S. Pat. No.
6,096,903.
[0076] The dental materials according to the invention based on the
calix[n]arenes corresponding to the general formula (I) which can
polymerize under radical conditions can be polymerized using the
known radical initiators (cf. Encyclopaedia of Polymer Science and
Engineering, Vol. 13, Wiley-Intersci. Pub., New York, etc., 1988,
754ff.). Photoinitiators (cf. J. P. Fouassier and J. F. Rabek
(Ed.), Radiation Curing in Polymer Science and Technology, Vol. II,
Elsevier Applied Science, London and New York, 1993) for the UV or
visible region, such as, e.g.: benzoin ethers, dialkyl benzil
ketals, dialkoxyacetophenones, acyl- or bisacylphosphine oxides, or
.alpha.-diketones, such as 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, diacetyl,
furil, anisil, 4,4'-dichlorobenzil and 4,4'-dialkoxybenzil and
camphorquinone, are particularly suitable.
[0077] Furthermore, azo compounds, such as
2,2'-azobis(iso-butyronitrile) (AIBN) or azobis(4-cyanovaleric
acid), or peroxides, such as dibenzoyl peroxide, dilauroyl
peroxide, tert-butyl peroctoate, tert-butyl perbenzoate or
di(tert-butyl)peroxide, can also be used. Benzopinacol and
2,2'-dialkylbenzopinacols are suitable as initiators for heat
curing.
[0078] Combinations with aromatic amines are also frequently
preferred in order to accelerate the initiation using peroxides or
.alpha.-diketones. Redox systems which have already proven to be
worthwhile are: combinations of benzoyl peroxide or camphorquinone
with amines, such as N,N-dimethyl-p-toluidene,
N,N-di(hydroxyethyl-p-toluidene, ethyl p-(dimethylamino)benzoate or
structurally related systems. In addition, redox systems consisting
of peroxides and such reducing agents as, e.g., ascorbic acid,
barbiturates or sulphinic acids are also suitable.
[0079] The dental materials according to the invention based on the
calix[n]arenes corresponding to the general formula (I) which can
polymerize under cationic conditions can be cured with the known
cationic photoinitiators, in particular with diaryliodonium or
triarylsulphonium salts, if appropriate in the presence of suitable
sensitizers, such as, e.g., camphorquinone. Examples of suitable
diaryliodonium salts which can be used in the visible region with
camphorquinone or thioxanthones as sensitizer are the commercially
accessible (4-octyloxyphenyl)phenyliodonium hexafluoroantimonate or
(isopropylphenyl)(methylphenyl)iodonium
tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate.
[0080] In addition, the dental materials according to the invention
based on the polymerizable calix[n]arenes can comprise one or more
fillers, preferably organic or inorganic particulate fillers.
Preferred inorganic particulate fillers are amorphous spherical
nanoparticulate fillers based on oxides, such as pyrogenic silica
or precipitated silica, ZrO.sub.2 and TiO.sub.2 or mixed oxides of
SiO.sub.2, ZrO.sub.2 and/or TiO.sub.2 with a mean particle size of
10 to 200 nm, minifillers, such as quartz, glass ceramic or glass
powders with a mean particle size of 0.2 to 5 .mu.m, and also
fillers which are opaque to X-rays, such as ytterbium trifluoride
or nanoparticulate tantalum(V) oxide or barium sulphate. In
addition, fibrous fillers, such as glass fibres, polyamide fibres
or carbon fibres, can also be used.
[0081] Finally, additional additives, such as, e.g., stabilizers,
UV absorbers, dyes or pigments, and also solvents, such as, e.g.,
water, ethanol, acetone or ethyl acetate, or lubricants, can, if
required, be added to the dental materials according to the
invention based on the polymerizable calix[n]arenes.
[0082] In this connection, the dental materials according to the
invention are composed, depending on the intended purpose,
preferably of the following components:
[0083] Cements according to the invention preferably comprise:
[0084] (a) 0.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 0.5 to 20%
by weight, of at least one polymerizable calix[n]arene according to
formula (I), [0085] (b) 0.01 to 2% by weight, particularly
preferably 0.01 to 1.5% by weight, of initiator, [0086] (c) 1 to
30% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 20% by weight, of at
least one additional monomer which can polymerize under cationic
and/or radical conditions and/or one additional monomer which can
polymerize by ring opening, preferably a polyfunctional
(meth)acrylate, [0087] (d) 5 to 70% by weight, particularly
preferably 10 to 60% by weight, of filler and [0088] (e) 0.01 to 5%
by weight, preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably
0.01 to 1% by weight, of additive, the percentages each time adding
up to 100%.
[0089] Filling composites according to the invention preferably
comprise: [0090] (a) 0.5 to 30% by weight, particularly preferably
0.5 to 20% by weight, of at least one polymerizable calix[n]arene
according to formula (I), [0091] (b) 0.01 to 5% by weight,
preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to
1.5% by weight, of initiator, [0092] (c) 1 to 30% by weight,
preferably 5 to 20% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 15% by
weight, of at least one additional monomer which can polymerize
under cationic and/or radical conditions and/or at least one
additional monomer which can polymerize by ring opening,
particularly preferably a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate, [0093] (d)
5 to 85% by weight, particularly preferably 10 to 80% by weight, of
filler and [0094] (e) 0.01 to 5% by weight, preferably 0.01 to 3%
by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, of
additive, the percentages each time adding up to 100%.
[0095] Coating materials according to the invention preferably
comprise: [0096] (a) 1 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably 1
to 50% by weight, of at least one polymerizable calix[n]arene
according to formula (I), [0097] (b) 0.01 to 5% by weight,
preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, particularly preferably 0.1 to
1.5% by weight, of initiator, [0098] (c) 5 to 70% by weight,
preferably 5 to 60% by weight, particularly preferably 5 to 50% by
weight, of at least one additional monomer which can polymerize
under cationic and/or radical conditions and/or at least one
additional monomer which can polymerize by ring opening,
particularly preferably at least one polyfunctional (meth)acrylate,
[0099] (d) 1 to 30% by weight, preferably 3 to 20% by weight,
particularly preferably 3 to 15% by weight, of a filler, preferably
a nanoparticulate filler, [0100] (e) 0.01 to 5% by weight,
preferably 0.01 to 3% by weight, particularly preferably 0.01 to 2%
by weight, very particularly preferably 0.01 to 1% by weight, of
additive and [0101] (f) 0 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably
0 to 30% by weight, of solvent, the percentages each time adding up
to 100%.
[0102] Dental adhesives according to the invention preferably
comprise: [0103] (a) 0.5 to 50% by weight, particularly preferably
1.0 to 30% by weight, of at least one polymerizable calix[n]arene
according to formula (I), [0104] (b) 0.01 to 5% by weight,
particularly preferably 0.01 to 2% by weight, of at least one
initiator, [0105] (c) 5 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably 5
to 60% by weight, of at least one additional monomer which can
polymerize under cationic and/or radical conditions and/or at least
one monomer which can polymerize by ring opening, particularly
preferably at least one polyfunctional (meth)acrylate, [0106] (d) 0
to 30% by weight, particularly preferably 3 to 20% by weight, of a
filler, [0107] (e) 0.01 to 5% by weight, particularly preferably
0.01 to 3% by weight, of additives and [0108] (f) 0 to 50% by
weight, particularly preferably 0 to 20% by weight, of solvent, the
percentages adding up to 100%.
[0109] The invention is more fully explained below with the help of
examples.
EXAMPLE 1
Synthesis of a calix[6]arene tetramethacrylate V-9
[0110] R.sup.1 to R.sup.6=random mixture of ##STR7##
[0111] 9.6 g (15 mmol) of hexahydroxycalix[6]arene and 5.2 g (130
mmol) of 60% NaH in silicone oil are added to 80 ml of dry
dimethylformamide in a 250 ml flask with a nitrogen stopcock and
stirred for 5 hours at AT. Subsequently, 5.2 ml (30 mmol) of
octanoyl chloride are slowly added to the suspension and stirred at
AT for an additional 36 h. Subsequently, 5.8 ml (60 mmol) of
methacryloyl chloride are slowly added and stirred for a further 72
h. The darkly coloured suspension is added to 600 ml of water,
resulting in the precipitation of a white solid. This is filtered
off and copiously washed with water. The product is recrystallized
from toluene and ethanol. The yield of product V-9 is 8.1 g. The
MALDI-TOF analysis of the product gave a substitution pattern of 2
octanoic acid groups and 2-4 methacrylate groups.
EXAMPLE 2
Synthesis of a calix[6]arene dodecamethacrylate V-15
[0112] ##STR8##
[0113] 0.98 g of p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene (1 mmol), 0.16 g of
tert-butylammonium bromide (TBAB) (1.8 mmol) and a spatula tip of
phenothiazine are mixed with 15 ml of N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) and
added to a 50 ml round-bottomed flask. Subsequently, 4.3 g of
glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) (30 mmol) are added to the solution.
The charge is stirred at a temperature of 120.degree. C. at a power
of at most 100 watts for 300 min in the microwave field. The clear
brown solution obtained is precipitated from 500 ml of water,
filtration is carried out and finally drying is carried out under
high vacuum. The yield of product is 1.5 g. The MALDI-TOF analysis
of the product gave a mixture of products of the 1-6-fold reaction
of p-tert-butylcalix[6]arene with GMA.
[0114] 6 g of this calix[6]arene derivative are dissolved in 100 ml
of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, mixed with 2.5 g of triethylamine (25 mmol)
and stirred for 20 minutes. 3.1 g of methacryloyl chloride (30
mmol), dissolved in 50 ml of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, are added dropwise
to the solution in 2 hours at ambient temperature under nitrogen.
Subsequently, the reaction mixture is stirred for a further 4 days.
The organic phase is then washed twice with each time 150 ml of
saturated NaHCO.sub.3 solution and, finally, with 400 ml of
H.sub.2O. The organic phase is dried with Na.sub.2SO.sub.4 and the
solvent is removed. The yield of product V-15 is 8.5 g.
EXAMPLE 3
Synthesis of p-propyloxycalix[4]arenenitrone V-10
[0115] ##STR9##
[0116] 5,11,17,23-Tetraformyl-25,26,27,28-tetrapropoxycalix[4]arene
(4.5 mmol) and N-methylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (27 mmol) are
suspended in 60 ml of ethanolic NaOH (27 mmol) solution and stirred
at ambient temperature under an N.sub.2 atmosphere. After complete
reaction has been achieved (FTIR), the reaction is brought to an
end. Subsequently, the solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator.
The crude product is extracted by shaking with water/chloroform
(each 100 ml). The cloudy organic phase is separated and filtered
and, subsequently, the solvent is removed on a rotary evaporator.
The product is dried under oil pump vacuum. Minimal amounts of
impurity are separated by column chromatography with methanol. The
yield of product V-10 is approximately 100%.
EXAMPLE 4
Preparation of a Composite Cement Based on the polymerizable
calix[6]arene V-15 from Example 2
[0117] A composite fixing cement based on a methacrylate mixture
(Material A, Comparison) and with incorporation of the
calix[6]arene V-15 from Example 2 (Material B) was prepared in
accordance with the Table 1 listed below using an "Exact" roller
mill (Exakt Apparatebau, Norderstedt). Corresponding test specimens
were prepared from the materials, which were exposed to a dental
light source (Spectramat.RTM., Ivoclar Vivadent AG) for 2 times 3
minutes and accordingly cured. The flexural strength and the
flexural E-modulus were determined according to the ISO standard
ISO-4049 (Dentistry--Polymer-based filling, restorative and luting
materials). TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Composite cement composition
(figures in % by weight) Substances Material A Material B
Triethylene glycol dimethacrylate 39.6 31.8 Calix[6]arene V-15 from
Example 2 -- 7.8 Aerosil OX-50 (Degussa) 41.3 41.3 Ytterbium
trifluoride (Rhone- 18.7 18.7 Poulenc) Photoinitiator.sup.1) 0.4
0.4 .sup.1)Mixture of camphorquinone (0.24% by weight) and ethyl
p-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate (0.26% by weight)
[0118] It is clear, from Table 2, that the material B, in
comparison with the material A (based on a purely conventional
methacrylate mixture), at least results in comparable mechanical
properties. TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Cement properties Material
property Material A Material B Flexural strength (MPa) after 24 h
77 58 Flexural strength (MPa) after 24 h 71 62 SW.sup.1) Flexural
E-modulus (GPa) after 24 h 4.32 4.20 Flexural E-modulus (GPa) after
24 h 4.10 4.00 SW .sup.1)SW = storage of the test specimens under
water at 37.degree. C.
EXAMPLE 5
Preparation of a Filling Composite Based on the polymerizable
calix[6]arene V-15 from Example 2
[0119] A filling composite based on a methacrylate mixture
(Material C, Comparison) and with incorporation of the
calix[6]arene V-15 from Example 2 (Material D) was prepared in
accordance with the Table 3 listed below using an LPM 0.1 SP
kneader (Linden, Marienheide). Test specimens were prepared and
cured from the materials analogously to Example 3. The flexural
strength, the flexural E-modulus and the polymerization shrinkage
were determined according to the ISO standard ISO-4049.
TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Filling composite composition (figures in %
by weight) Substances Material C Material D Tetric monomer.sup.1)
18.1 16.3 Calix[6]arene V-15 from Example 2 -- 1.8 Glass filler
GM27884 (Degussa).sup.2) 52.2 52.2 Spharosil (Tokoyama Soda).sup.3)
14.5 14.5 Ytterbium trifluoride (Rhone- 15.0 15.0 Poulenc)
Photoinitiator.sup.4) 0.2 0.2 .sup.1)Mixture of 42.4% by weight of
Bis-GMA, 37.4% by weight of UDMA and 20.2% by weight of triethylene
glycol dimethacrylate, .sup.2)silanized Ba Al borosilicate glass
filler with a mean particle size of 1.5 .mu.m,
.sup.3)SiO.sub.2/ZrO.sub.2 mixed oxide (mean primary particle size:
250 nm), .sup.4)mixture of camphorquinone (0.24% by weight) and
ethyl p-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate (0.26% by weight)
[0120] TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Filling composite properties Material
property Material C Material D Flexural strength (MPa) after 24 h
140 121 Flexural strength (MPa) after 24 h 163 150 SW.sup.1)
Flexural E-modulus (GPa) after 24 h 11.4 11.2 Flexural E-modulus
(GPa) after 24 h 11.8 10.9 SW Polymerization shrinkage (Vol %)
-3.98 -3.22 .sup.1)SW = storage of the test specimens under water
at 37.degree. C.
[0121] It is clear, from Table 4, that the material D, in
comparison with the material C (based on a purely conventional
methacrylate mixture), results, with comparable mechanical
properties, in a significantly reduced polymerization
shrinkage.
EXAMPLE 6
Preparation of a Filling Composite Based on the polymerizable
calix[6]arene V-9 from Example 1
[0122] A filling composite based on a methacrylate mixture
(Material E, Comparison) and with incorporation of the
calix[6]arene V-9 from Example 1 (Material F) was prepared with the
components in Table 5 using a VPL 1.5 kneader (Grieser,
Lampertheim). Test specimens conforming to standard specifications
were prepared and cured from the materials. The flexural strength,
the flexural E-modulus and the polymerization shrinkage or the
polymerization shrinking stress were determined according to the
ISO standard ISO-4049. TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Filling composite
composition (figures in % by weight) Substances Material E Material
F TEGDMA.sup.1) 9.1 7.8 Bis-GMA 9.1 9.1 Calix[6]arene V-9 from
Example 1 -- 1.3 Glass filler GM018-053 (Schott).sup.2) 76.0 76.0
Nano-SiO.sub.2.sup.3) 5.0 5.0 Stabilizers 0.3 0.3
Photoinitiator.sup.4) 0.5 0.5 .sup.1)Triethylene glycol
dimethacrylate, .sup.2)silanized Ba Al borosilicate glass filler
with a mean particle size of 0.7 .mu.m, .sup.3)SiO.sub.2 dispersion
(mean particle size: 20 nm), .sup.4)mixture of camphorquinone
(0.36% by weight) and ethylhexyl p-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate
(0.14% by weight)
[0123] TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Filling composite properties Material
property Material E Material F Flexural strength (MPa) after 24 h
116 103 SW.sup.1) Flexural E-modulus (GPa) after 24 h 7.8 7.9 SW
Polymerization shrinkage (Vol %) -2.4 -1.8 Polymerization shrinking
stress 5.9 5.4 (MPa) after 24 h SW .sup.1)SW = storage of the test
specimens under water at 37.degree. C.
It is clear, from Table 6, that the material F, in comparison with
the material E (based on a purely conventional methacrylate
mixture), results, with comparable mechanical properties, in a
significantly reduced polymerization shrinkage.
EXAMPLE 7
Preparation of a Filling Composite Based on the Crosslinkable
calix[6]arene V-10 from Example 3
[0124] A filling composite based on a methacrylate mixture
(Material E, Comparison) and with incorporation of the
calix[4]arene V-10 from Example 3 (Material G) was prepared with
the components in Table 6 using a VPL 1.5 kneader (Grieser,
Lampertheim). Test specimens conforming to standard specifications
were prepared and cured from the materials. The flexural strength,
the flexural E-modulus and the polymerization shrinkage or the
polymerization shrinking stress were determined according to the
ISO standard ISO-4049. TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Filling composite
composition (figures in % by weight) Substances Material E Material
G TEGDMA.sup.1) 9.1 7.8 Bis-GMA 9.1 9.1 Calix[4]arene V-10 from
Example 3 -- 1.3 Glass filler GM018-053 (Schott).sup.2) 76.0 76.0
Nano-SiO.sub.2.sup.3) 5.0 5.0 Stabilizers 0.3 0.3
Photoinitiator.sup.4) 0.5 0.5 .sup.1)Triethylene glycol
dimethacrylate, .sup.2)silanized Ba Al borosilicate glass filler
with a mean particle size of 0.7 .mu.m, .sup.3)SiO.sub.2 dispersion
(mean particle size: 20 nm), .sup.4)mixture of camphorquinone
(0.36% by weight) and ethylhexyl p-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzoate
(0.14% by weight)
[0125] TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Filling composite properties Material
property Material E Material G Flexural strength (MPa) after 24 h
116 90 SW.sup.1) Flexural E-modulus (GPa) after 24 h 7.8 6.5 SW
Polymerization shrinkage (Vol %) -2.4 -1.7 Polymerization shrinking
stress 5.9 4.6 (MPa) after 24 h SW .sup.1)SW = storage of the test
specimens under water at 37.degree. C.
[0126] It is clear, from Table 8, that the material G, in
comparison with the material E (based on a purely conventional
methacrylate mixture), results, with slightly diminished mechanical
properties, in a significantly reduced polymerization
shrinkage.
[0127] While specific embodiments of the invention have been shown
and described in detail to illustrate the inventive principles, it
will be understood that the invention may be embodied otherwise
without departing from such principles.
* * * * *