U.S. patent application number 11/854622 was filed with the patent office on 2008-03-06 for engine start roller clutch-housed type rotation transmission device.
This patent application is currently assigned to NSK LTD.. Invention is credited to Daisuke Fujimori, Yuji Shimomura.
Application Number | 20080053778 11/854622 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27739525 |
Filed Date | 2008-03-06 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080053778 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Shimomura; Yuji ; et
al. |
March 6, 2008 |
Engine Start Roller Clutch-Housed Type Rotation Transmission
Device
Abstract
A pair of ball bearings 19, 19 and a roller clutch 20 are
provided between the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 18
fitted and fixed onto the rotating drive shaft of a starter motor
and the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element 17 around
which an endless belt for starting an engine extends. The roller
clutch 20 has a concave section 32 on the inner peripheral surface
of the clutch outer ring 30 to define a cam surface 31. After the
engine is started, the rollers 33, 33 move toward the bottom of the
concave section 32 against the resilient force of the springs 40.
And, the rolling contact surface of the rollers 33, 33 is separated
from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29.
Consequently, the friction heat which would be produced after the
engine start is suppressed, and a structure having an excellent
durability as a unit for starting the engine of the idling-stop
vehicle is realized.
Inventors: |
Shimomura; Yuji;
(Fujisawa-shi, JP) ; Fujimori; Daisuke;
(Fujisawa-shi, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CROWELL & MORING LLP;INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY GROUP
P.O. BOX 14300
WASHINGTON
DC
20044-4300
US
|
Assignee: |
NSK LTD.
Tokyo
JP
|
Family ID: |
27739525 |
Appl. No.: |
11/854622 |
Filed: |
September 13, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10496957 |
Dec 22, 2004 |
|
|
|
PCT/JP03/00377 |
Jan 17, 2003 |
|
|
|
11854622 |
Sep 13, 2007 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
192/45.015 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F02N 15/023 20130101;
F02N 2250/08 20130101; F16H 55/36 20130101; F16D 41/064 20130101;
F02N 15/08 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
192/045 |
International
Class: |
F16D 15/00 20060101
F16D015/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 21, 2002 |
JP |
2002-11020 |
Feb 12, 2002 |
JP |
2002-33835 |
May 16, 2002 |
JP |
2002-141471 |
May 16, 2002 |
JP |
2002-141472 |
Jul 29, 2002 |
JP |
2002-219467 |
Oct 4, 2002 |
JP |
2002-292096 |
Oct 25, 2002 |
JP |
2002-311557 |
Claims
1. (canceled)
2. A rotation-transmission unit with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine for transmitting power in a specific direction
between a rotating member which rotates together with a crankshaft
of an engine during use and the rotating shaft of the motor for
starting the engine which is inserted into the center of the
rotating member to rotate in the specified direction during use,
the rotation-transmission unit comprising a pair of support
bearings provided in a circular space between the inner peripheral
surface of the rotating member and the outer peripheral surface of
the rotating shaft and spaced apart from each other in the axial
direction, and a roller clutch provided between the support
bearings in the circular space, the roller clutch becoming engaged
when the rotating shaft rotates in the specified direction to
transmit power from the rotating shaft to the rotating member, and
becoming idling when the rotating member rotates faster than the
rotating shaft in the specified direction so as not to transmit
power from the rotating member to the rotating shaft, wherein seal
rings are provided on the opposite ends of the support bearings and
fixed to the support bearings on the rotating member side, and the
support bearings and roller clutch are lubricated with the same
kind of grease.
3. A rotation-transmission unit of an engine, comprising: a
built-in roller clutch having a first side operatively connectable
for transmitting power in a specified direction to a rotating
member which rotates together with a crankshaft of an engine during
use, and a second side operatively connectable to a rotating shaft
of a starter motor for starting the engine, the rotating shaft
being insertable into a center of the rotating member to rotate in
the specified direction during use; a pair of support bearings
provided in a circular space between the inner peripheral surface
of the rotating member and the outer peripheral surface of the
rotating shaft and spaced apart from each other in the axial
direction; and a roller clutch provided between the support
bearings in the circular space, the roller clutch becoming engaged
when the rotating shaft rotates in the specified direction to
transmit power from the rotating shaft to the rotating member, and
becoming idling when the rotating member rotates faster than the
rotating shaft in the specified direction so as not to transmit
power from the rotating member to the rotating shaft, wherein seal
rings are provided on the opposite ends of the support bearings and
fixed to the support bearings on the rotating member side, and the
support bearings and roller clutch are lubricated with the same
kind of grease.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application is a continuation of application Ser. No.
10/496,957 filed Dec. 22, 2004 which is based upon International
Application No. PCT/JP03/00377 filed Jan. 17, 2003, further
claiming priority to Japanese patent applications JP 2002-11020
filed Jan. 21, 2002, JP 2002-33835 filed Feb. 12, 2002, JP
2002-141471 filed May 16, 2002, JP 2002-141472 filed May 16, 2002,
JP 2002-219467 filed Jul. 29, 2002, JP 2002-292096 filed Oct. 4,
2002, and JP 2002-311557 filed Oct. 25, 2002
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine of this invention is mounted on the
end section of the drive shaft of a starter motor for starting the
engine of a so-called idling stop vehicle that stops the engine
automatically without idling when the automobile stops moving.
Also, when starting the engine, it functions so as to transmit
power from this drive shaft to the crankshaft of the engine, and
after the engine starts, it functions so that the drive shaft is
not rotated and driven by this engine.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In recent years, with the purpose of saving energy and
suppressing the emission of carbon dioxide, performing an idling
stop by automatically stopping the engine without idling when the
automobile has stopped, has been considered, and some idling-stop
vehicles having this kind of idling-stop function are actually
being used. In the case of this kind of idling-stop vehicle, when
the automobile stops, the vehicle-speed sensor detects a zero-speed
signal, and the engine is automatically stopped (without operating
the ignition switch) based on the zero-speed signal. On the other
hand, when starting the automobile moving again, based on a signal
from a clutch sensor (in the case of a manual-transmission
automobile) that detects movement of the clutch pedal, or an
accelerator sensor or brake sensor (in the case of an
automatic-transmission autonibuke) that detects when the
accelerator pedal or brake pedal moves, the automobile engine is
automatically started again (without operating the ignition
switch). With this kind of idling-stop automobile, it is possible
to save energy and to suppress emission of carbon dioxide during
this idling stop of the engine.
[0004] In the case of this kind of idling-stop automobile, it is
necessary to be able to start the engine more quickly than in the
case of a normal automobile. Therefore, it is difficult to employ
the typically used construction in which a pinion that is fastened
to the drive shaft of the start motor meshes, only during starting,
with a large gear that is fastened to a flywheel. Taking this into
consideration, as shown in FIG. 55, construction has been proposed
in which an endless belt 7 runs around a follower pulley 3 that is
fastened to the end of the crankshaft 2 of the engine 1, and to the
drive-pulley apparatus that is fastened to the end of the
rotation-drive shaft 5 of the starter motor 4. When employing this
kind of construction in the starting apparatus of an engine, a
drive-pulley apparatus 6 having a built-in one-way clutch is used,
so that power is transmitted from the rotation-drive shaft 5 to the
endless belt 7, however, that power is not transmitted from this
endless belt 7 to the rotation-drive shaft 5. In an actual engine,
there are various auxiliary drive apparatuses installed such as an
alternator and water pump, however, since this invention is not
directly related to these drive apparatuses, they are omitted in
the drawings.
[0005] With the starting apparatus for an engine having the
construction described above, when starting engine, electric power
flows to the starter motor 4 to rotate and drive the drive-pulley
apparatus 6, which then rotates and drives the crankshaft 2 by way
of the endless belt 7 and follower pulley 3. At this time, the
one-way clutch that is built into the drive-pulley apparatus 6 is
engaged (becomes locket), and transmits power from the
rotation-drive shaft 5 to the endless belt 7. As a result, after
the engine has started, the connection with the one-way clutch is
disconnected (becomes the overrun state), and the rotation-drive
shaft 5 of the starter motor 4 does not rotate, even though the
endless belt 7 is running due to the rotation of the crankshaft 2.
Therefore, this starter motor 4 is not a resistance against the
operation of the engine 1, and the durability of this starter motor
4 is not damaged.
[0006] As disclosed in patent document 1 and patent document 2,
using a roller clutch as the one-way clutch in a pulley apparatus
with built-in one-way clutch that is installed in the drive-pulley
apparatus 6 of this kind of engine starting apparatus has been
proposed. With construction using a roller clutch, it is possible
to reduce vibration, noise and friction that occur when not
connected better than when using a ratchet mechanism. Also, it is
possible to reduce the internal friction that occurs when not
connected better than when using a sprag-type cam clutch. The
following patent documents are given as the prior art of the
present application.
Patent Document 1
[0007] Japanese Patent Publication No. Tokukai Hei 11-63170
Patent Document 2
[0008] Japanese Patent Publication No. Tokuko Hei 7-72585
Patent Document 3
[0009] Japanese Patent Publication No. Tokukai 2002-174270
Patent Document 4
[0010] Japanese Patent Publication No. Tokukai Hei 9-196090
[0011] Of the patent documents listed above, the pulley apparatus
with built-in one-way clutch disclosed in patent documents 1 and 2
is intended to be located on the end of the rotating shaft of the
alternator which is an engine auxiliary apparatus, and thus the
state of use differs greatly from that of the starting apparatus of
an engine. Therefore, even when this pulley apparatus with built-in
one-way clutch is mounted as is on the end of the rotation-drive
shaft of a starter motor, it is not possible to obtain sufficient
durability. In other words one reason for using a pulley apparatus
with built-in one-way clutch for the rotating shaft of an
alternator is to make the direction of the fiction acting between
the inner peripheral surface of the belt and the outer peripheral
surface of the pulley constant, even though there are small changes
in the rpm of the engine, in order to maintain the durability of
the belt. Moreover, another reason is to increase the generating
efficiency by keeping the rotor of the alternator rotating due to
its inertia when the rpm of the engine drops.
[0012] Therefore, a pulley apparatus with built-in one-way clutch
for an alternator basically operates in the locked state, and the
amount of time that it operates in the overrun state is very short
when compared with the overall time of operation. Also, the amount
of continuous time in the overrun state is extremely short. Taking
this into consideration, in order for a roller clutch installed in
a pulley apparatus with built-in one-way clutch for an alternator
to securely achieve the locked condition when the engine is
operating, well-known construction as shown in FIG. 56 and as
disclosed in patent documents 1 and 2 is used.
[0013] In a first example of a roller clutch 8 using the
conventional construction shown in FIG. 56, an inner race 9 and
outer race 10 are placed such that they are concentric with each
other, and there are a retainer 11, a plurality of rollers 12 and a
plurality of springs 13, 13 between the outer peripheral surface of
the inner race 9 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer race
10. The outer peripheral surface of the inner race 9 is a cam
surface having a plurality of concave sections 14 called ramp
sections, and the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 10 is
a simple cylindrical surface. The convex sections 15 formed around
the inner peripheral edge portion of the retainer 11 is fitted with
the aforementioned concave sections 14 to prevent the rotation of
retainer 11 relative to the inner race 9. In other words, the
retainer 11 and inner race 9 are such that they rotate in
synchronization. Also, the springs 13 push the rollers 12 in the
same circumferential direction toward the shallow side of the
concave sections 14.
[0014] In the case of this kind of roller clutch 8, when there is a
tendency for the inner race 9 to rotate relative to the outer race
10 in the clockwise direction of FIG. 56, the rollers 12 bite into
(fit into) the space between the outer peripheral surface of the
inner race 9 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 10,
and rotation force is transmitted between the inner race 9 and the
outer race 10. On the other hand, when there is a tendency for the
inner race 9 to rotate relative to the outer race 10 in the
counterclockwise direction of FIG. 56, the rollers 12 are moved
against the elastic force of the springs 13 to the deep sections of
the concave sections 14, and there is decrease in the surface
pressure at the points of contact between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 12 and the inner peripheral surface of the
outer race 10, and the rotation force stops being transmitted
between the inner race 9 and the outer race 10.
[0015] However, even when rotation force is not transmitted between
the inner race 9 and outer race 10 in this way, rubbing at the
points of contact between the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers 12 and the inner peripheral surface of the outer race 10 is
unavoidable. Therefore, when the overrun state continues for a long
time, friction heat that cannot be neglected occurs at the points
of contact, causing the temperature inside the roller clutch 8 to
rise, and making it easy for the grease inside this roller clutch
to degrade. Furthermore, the temperature of the support bearing
adjacent to this roller clutch 8 also rises, making it easy for the
rubber or synthetic resin seal plate in this support bearing to
degrade. In the case of a pulley apparatus with a built-in one-way
clutch for an alternator, since operation is mainly in the locked
state as described above, and the amount of time of operation on
the overrun state is short, it is difficult for the rise in
temperature due to the friction heat described above to become a
problem.
[0016] On the other hand, in the case of the one-way clutch that is
installed in a drive-pulley apparatus 6 for an idling-stop vehicle
described above and as shown in FIG. 55, the amount of time that
the clutch is in the locked state is only a short time when the
engine starts, and after the engine starts, the clutch is in the
overrun state as long as the engine is running. Therefore, it is
difficult to maintain sufficient durability even when the roller
clutch 8 as shown in FIG. 56 is installed in the engine starting
apparatus for an idling-stop vehicle.
[0017] Taking this problem into consideration, the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine of this invention is made to make it possible to
sufficiently secure durability.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
[0018] The rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine of this invention transmits power
only in a specified direction between a rotating member that
rotates together with the engine crankshaft during use and the
rotating shaft of a motor for starting an engine that is inserted
through the center of this rotating member and that rotates only in
the specified direction during use; and comprises a pair of support
bearings that are located such that they are spaced apart in the
axial direction in a circular-ring shaped space between the inner
peripheral surface of the rotating member and the outer peripheral
surface of the rotating shaft; and a roller clutch that is located
between the pair of support bearings in this circular-ring shaped
space.
[0019] Also, this roller clutch becomes engaged when the rotating
shaft rotates in the specified direction and transmits power from
this rotating shaft to the rotating member, however, when the
rotating member rotates in the specified direction faster than the
rotating shaft, the roller clutch runs idle and does not transmit
power from the rotating member to the rotating shaft.
[0020] Moreover, the pulley with built-in roller clutch for a
starter motor described in claim 1 comprises: a first support
bearing that is located on the one side in the axial direction of
the pulley; a second support bearing that is located on the other
side in the axial direction of the pulley, and a roller clutch
portion that is located between the first support bearing and
second support bearing; and this roller clutch portion becomes
locked in one direction of rotation, and becomes unlocked in the
other direction, and a cam surface is formed on the inner
peripheral surface of the pulley or on the inner peripheral surface
of the clutch outer ring that is fastened inside the pulley.
[0021] Also, in the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine described in claim 2, when the
plurality of rollers of the roller clutch are located in the
deepest section of concave sections that define the cam surface for
allowing these rollers to move in the radial direction of the
rotating member, the size of the space that exists between the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers and the outer peripheral
surface of the rotating shaft or the outer peripheral surface of
the clutch inner ring that is fitted onto and fixed to this
rotating shaft becomes larger than the radial space of the support
bearings.
[0022] Furthermore, in the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in claim 3,
the support bearings and the roller clutch are lubricated using the
same kind of grease, which has a synthetic base oil and a urea type
bodying agent.
[0023] In the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine described in claim 4, the support
bearings are ball bearings, and the retainer that holds the
plurality of balls such that they roll freely is a crown-type
retainer made of synthetic resin, and a partial cylindrical surface
having a center axis that is parallel with the center axis of the
retainer is formed on the inside surface of the pockets of this
retainer on the parts on both sides in the circumferential
direction that face the rolling contact surface of the balls.
[0024] In the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine described in claim 5, the seal rings
are located on both ends of the support bearings, and of these seal
rings, the seal ring located on the outside, or the side opposite
to the roller clutch, is a contact type seal ring, and the seal
ring on the inside, or the side of the roller clutch, is of the
non-contact type.
[0025] Also, in the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine described in claim 6, the cam
surface for allowing the plurality of rollers of the roller clutch
move in the radial direction of the rotating member is formed on
the inner peripheral surface of the rotating member or on the inner
peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring that is fitted into and
fastened inside this rotating member, and the outer peripheral
surface of the rotating shaft or the outer peripheral surface of
the clutch inner ring that is fitted onto and fixed to the rotating
shaft is a cylindrical surface. Also, a chemically processed layer
is formed on at least one of the outer peripheral surface of this
cylindrical surface and the surface of the rollers.
[0026] Moreover, the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine described in claim 7 comprises
a plurality of protruding supports that are located on the outer
peripheral surface in the middle section in the axial direction of
the retainer for holding the plurality of rollers of the roller
clutch, in locations that face the side surface of the base
sections of the plurality of springs that press these rollers, and
such that they protrude in the radial direction, and eave sections
that are located on the side surfaces of these protruding supports
that face the side surface of the base section of the elastic
members, in the section further separated toward the outer-diameter
side from the side surface of the base sections, and that protrude
toward the base section side of these elastic members. Also, the
length by which these eave sections protrude from the side surface
of the protruding supports is greater than the thickness of the
portion of the base section of the springs that face this side
surface.
[0027] Also, in the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine described in claim 8, the cam
surface for allowing the plurality of rollers of the roller clutch
to move in the radial direction of the rotating member is formed
around the inner peripheral surface of the rotating member or the
inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring that is fitted
into and fastened to this rotating member, and the outer peripheral
surface of the rotating shaft or the outer peripheral surface of
the clutch inner ring that is fitted onto and fastened to this
rotating shaft is a cylindrical surface. Also, the plurality of
rollers are held between the inner peripheral surface of the cam
surface and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical
surface, and the springs come in contact with the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers at a location further on the inside in the
radial direction of the retainer of the roller clutch than the
location of the front end of the rolling contact surfaces of these
rollers, in the direction of movement of the center axis of the
respective rollers in the state where these rollers roll along the
plurality of concave sections of this cam surface to the deep side
of the concave sections.
[0028] In the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine described in claim 9, the roller
clutch comprises: a plurality of rollers that are located between
the inner peripheral surface of the rotating member and the outer
peripheral surface of the rotating shaft; springs for pressing the
rollers in the same circumferential direction of the rotating
member and rotating shaft; and a retainer for holding these
rollers. Also, these springs comprise a main section that comes in
contact with part of the retainer, and a pair of pressure sections
whose base ends are connected to and continuous with both ends of
the main section. Also, when these pressure sections are in contact
with the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers, they expand and
compress independently. Moreover, the location of the center of
gravity of the rollers in the axial direction is located between
the areas of contact in these pressure sections with the rolling
contact surfaces of the rollers, and when the pressure sections are
compressed by the rollers, the space in the axial direction between
the areas of contact in these pressure sections with the rolling
contact surfaces of the rollers is half or more the length in the
axial direction of the rollers.
[0029] In the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine described in claim 10, the roller
clutch comprises a plurality of rollers that are located between
the inner peripheral surface of the rotating member and the outer
peripheral surface of the rotating shaft; springs for pressing
these rollers in the same circumferential direction of the rotating
member and rotating shaft; and a retainer that holds these rollers.
Moreover, these springs comprise a main section that comes in
contact with part of the retainer, and a pair of pressure sections
whose base ends connect to and are continuous with both ends of the
main section, and of these, in the state where the pressure
sections come in contact with the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers, they extend or compress independently, and these pressure
sections are curved such that the radius of curvature is gradually
decreased going from the base end toward the tip end.
[0030] In the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine described in claim 11, the retainer
for holding the plurality of rollers of the roller clutch comprises
a pair of rim sections that are spaced apart in the axial direction
of the circular-ring shaped space and located parallel with each
other, and a plurality of column sections that are spaced apart in
the circumferential direction of the circular-ring shaped space and
located parallel with each other to connect the rim sections, and
grease pockets for holding grease are formed on the inner
peripheral surfaces of these column sections.
[0031] With the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine of this invention constructed
as described above it is possible to improve durability.
[0032] In other words, in the case of the pulley with built-in
roller clutch for starter motor described in claim 1, the rolling
contact surfaces of the plurality of rollers of this roller clutch
are guided by the inner peripheral surface of the pulley or by the
inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring that is fitted
into and fastened to the pulley. Therefore, it is possible to keep
friction heat that is generated inside the roller clutch when
rotating to a minimum, and thus it is possible to improve the
durability of the roller clutch and the adjacent support bearings,
and improve the durability of the pulley with built-in roller
clutch for a starter motor.
[0033] Also, in the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in
claim 2, it is possible for the rolling contact surfaces of all of
the rollers and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft
or the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring that is
fastened around the outside of this rotating shaft to become
securely separated after the engine starts, even when the center
axis of the rotating member and the center axis of the rotating
shaft are eccentric due to radial clearance of the support bearings
(by just the amount of this radial clearance). Therefore, it is
possible to improve the durability of the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine.
[0034] Moreover, in the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in
claim 3, it is possible to secure excellent shear stability and
heat resistance (high-temperature stability) of the grease filled
in the roller clutch, as well as it is possible to prevent the
occurrence of problems such as degradation of grease, due to mixing
of the grease, that is filled in the roller clutch and in the
support bearings, and thus it is possible to improve the durability
of the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch
for starting an engine.
[0035] Furthermore, in the case of the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine
described in claim 4, it is possible to increase the span of the
applied radial load and increase the rigidity, as well as improve
the durability. Also, since the retainer is crown shaped and made
of synthetic resin, it is difficult for the abrasion powder
produced in the retainer to cause the grease to degrade. Moreover,
since the hardness of the abrasion powder is low, this abrasion
powder does not cause damage such as indentation of the outer race
track or inner race track to occur, and thus the pealing life of
these race tracks is not worsened. Therefore, it is possible to
improve the durability of the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting an engine.
[0036] Also, in the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in
claim 5, it is possible to prevent foreign matter such as dust or
dirt in the air from getting into the space inside the support
bearings and roller clutch, as well as it is possible to prevent
grease that is filled inside these internal spaces from leaking
out, thus it is possible to improve the durability of the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine. It is also possible to decrease the rotation
resistance when the roller clutch is in the overrun state.
[0037] In the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in claim 6,
a chemical conversion layer such as manganese phosphate is formed
on the surfaces of the plurality of rollers of the roller clutch or
the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical surface or both of
them. The surface of this layer processed through chemical
conversion is rough. Therefore, it is possible to increase the
static friction coefficient at the points of contact between the
surfaces of the plurality of rollers and the cylindrical surface.
Therefore, in the locked state of the roller clutch, it is
difficult for slipping to occur at the points of contact between
the surfaces of the rollers and the cylindrical surface, and thus
it is easier to achieve the locked state. On the other hand, when
the roller clutch is in the overrun state, the chemical conversion
layer makes it possible to prevent metallic contact between the
surfaces of the plurality of rollers and the cylindrical surface.
Together with this, lubricant is held between the crystal grains of
this chemical conversion layer, and this held lubricant makes it is
possible to improve the state of lubrication at the areas of
sliding contact between the surfaces of the rollers and the
cylindrical surface. Therefore, when the roller clutch is in the
overrun state, it is difficult for wear and seizure to occur at
these points of sliding contact, and thus it is possible to improve
the durability of the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine.
[0038] Also, in the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in
claim 7, it is possible to prevent the springs from coming out of
place or shifting outward with respect to the protruding supports
even when large centrifugal force acts on the springs due to
high-speed rotation of the retainer. Therefore, it is possible to
improve the reliability and durability of the roller clutch. As a
result, it is possible to prevent this outward shifting and to
improve the reliability and durability of the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine
regardless of there being a tendency for the spring to easily shift
toward the outer-diameter side of the retainer due to the fact that
the retainer continues to rotate together with the rotating member
at high speed for a long time after the engine starts.
[0039] Moreover, in the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in
claim 8, when changing from the locked stat to the overrun state,
it becomes easier for the rollers to roll along the concave
sections of the cam surface to the deep side of the concave
sections due to the action of the centrifugal force. Therefore, in
the overrun state, it is possible to prevent a state of sliding
contact from being kept between the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers and the outer peripheral surface of the cylindrical
surface, and to suppress the occurrence of friction heat and
friction loss. Therefore, it is possible to improve the durability
and performance of the roller clutch. As a result, regardless of
whether springs having a large elastic force are used for pressing
the rollers, it is possible to improve the durability and
performance of the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine.
[0040] Furthermore, in the case of the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine
described in claim 9, it is possible to prevent the attitude of the
rollers from shifting in a direction that the center axis would
tilt from the proper position (becoming skewed) when the springs
are pressed by the rollers in the overrun state. Therefore, it is
possible to prevent uneven wear and abnormal heat due to this kind
of skewing of the rollers, and thus it is possible to improve the
durability (long life) of the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting an engine.
[0041] In other words, in the case of the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine
described in claim 9, the springs pressing the rollers to come in
contact with the rollers, through a pair of pressure sections in
the springs, at two points separated in the axial direction.
Therefore, even when the location of the points of contact between
the pressure sections and the rollers changes a little, it is
possible to prevent large changes in the force and moment applied
to the rollers, and thus it is possible to keep the attitude of the
rollers in the proper location.
[0042] Also, since the springs come in contact with the rollers at
two points by way of the pair of pressure sections, it is possible
for these pressure sections to extend and compress independently.
Therefore, when the rollers become skewed, a large reaction force
occurs in the pressure section on the side where there is a large
amount of displacement (amount of extension or compression). As a
result, a moment is applied to the rollers, so that the original
attitude of the rollers is restored, and therefore the attitude of
the rollers are kept proper. Also, the location of the center of
gravity of the rollers in the axial direction is located between
the areas of contact in the pressure sections with the rolling
contact surfaces of the rollers, so it is possible to prevent the
location of the center of gravity of the rollers and the direction
of pressure by the pressure sections from become improper. As a
result, it is possible to prevent moments from being applied to the
rollers, and thus to prevent skewing of the rollers.
[0043] Moreover, when the pressure sections are pressed by the
rollers, the space in the axial direction between the areas of
contact in the pressure sections with the rolling contact surfaces
of the rollers is half or more the length in the axial direction of
the rollers. Therefore, no matter how the attitude of the rollers
changes, or no matter how the pressure sections are pressed by the
rollers, it is possible to always keep the center of gravity of the
rollers located between the areas of contact. Therefore, it is
possible to sufficiently secure an attitude stabilizing action by
having the rollers come in contact with the springs at two points
that are separated in the axial direction, and thus it is possible
to keep the attitude of rollers in a proper position.
[0044] Also, in the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in
claim 10, together with being able to sufficiently reduce the
stress applied to the base ends of the pressure sections, it is
possible to secure the necessary pressure for without increasing
the size of the springs. In other words, the stress applied to
these pressure sections becomes larger the closer to the base ends,
and becomes larger the smaller the radius of curvature is
(curvature becomes large). However, in the case of the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine described in claim 10, it is possible to reduce
the stress applied at these base ends by making the radius of
curvature at the base end of the pressure sections large (small
amount of curvature). Also, together with this, it is possible to
maintain pressure of the pressure sections without increasing the
size of the springs by making the radius of curvature at the base
ends of these pressure sections (large amount of curvature).
Therefore, it is possible to prevent uneven wear and abnormal heat
generation due to skewing of the rollers, and it is possible to
improve the durability of the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting an engine.
[0045] Also, in the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine described in
claim 11, it is possible to supply grease, from the grease
reservoir, to the areas of contact between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers and the outer peripheral surface of the
rotating shaft or the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
ring that is fitted and fastened onto this rotating shaft.
Therefore, even when there is rubbing between both of these
surfaces, it is possible to suppress wear between these surfaces
and to improve the durability of the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0046] FIG. 1 is a cross sectional view to show a whole
construction of a first example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0047] FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken along the line A-A in
FIG. 1 to show the roller clutch only.
[0048] FIG. 3 is an enlarged view of Portion B in FIG. 2.
[0049] FIG. 4 is a schematic view to show a portion of the roller
clutch, taken in the same direction to that of FIG. 3, to explain
the size of the clearance with respect to the roller clutch.
[0050] FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of part of the retainer of the
support bearing in one example.
[0051] FIG. 6 is a schematic view to explain the size of the wedge
angle which is desirable in achieving the locked state.
[0052] FIG. 7 is a schematic view to explain the size of the wedge
angle which is desirable in separating the rolling contact surface
of the roller and the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
race.
[0053] FIG. 8 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the second example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0054] FIG. 9 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the third example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0055] FIG. 10 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the fourth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0056] FIG. 11 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the fifth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0057] FIG. 12 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the sixth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0058] FIG. 13 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the seventh example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0059] FIG. 14 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the eighth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0060] FIG. 15 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the ninth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0061] FIG. 16 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the tenth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0062] FIG. 17 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the eleventh example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0063] FIG. 18 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the twelfth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0064] FIG. 19 is a view similar to FIG. 22 to show a reference
example for the present invention.
[0065] FIG. 20 is a view similar to FIG. 23 to show the thirteenth
example of embodiment of the present invention.
[0066] FIG. 21 is a cross sectional view to show a first example of
the conventional structure of the pulley apparatus with built-in
roller clutch.
[0067] FIG. 22 is a cross sectional view taken along the line C-C
in FIG. 21 with part of it omitted.
[0068] FIG. 23 is a view similar to FIG. 22 to show a second
example of the conventional structure of the pulley apparatus with
built-in roller clutch.
[0069] FIG. 24 is a view similar to FIG. 23 to explain forces
applied to the rollers from the cylindrical surface and the cam
surface.
[0070] FIG. 25 is a cross sectional view to show a fourteenth
example of embodiment of the present invention.
[0071] FIG. 26 is a partly cut-away, perspective view of the
retainer and springs taken from FIG. 25.
[0072] FIG. 27 is a cross sectional view taken along the line D-D
in FIG. 26.
[0073] FIG. 28 is a cross sectional view, corresponding to the
cross section of E-E of FIG. 25, to show a fifteenth example of
embodiment of the present invention to explain the positional
relation between the clutch inner race and the rollers in the state
before the clutch inner race is pressed on the inner diameter side
of the rollers.
[0074] FIG. 29 is a cross sectional view to show an engagement
state of the beveled section formed in the clutch inner raced and
the rollers at the outer peripheral edge portion of their ends.
[0075] FIG. 30 is a partly omitted, cross sectional view to show a
sixteenth example of embodiment of the present invention.
[0076] FIG. 31 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 8, to
show a seventeenth example of embodiment of the present invention
in the state when the locked state is transited to the over-run
state.
[0077] FIG. 32 is a perspective view to show part of a second
example of the conventional structure of the roller clutch with the
inner and outer races omitted.
[0078] FIG. 33 is a cross sectional view to show part of a third
example of the conventional structure of the roller clutch with the
inner and outer races omitted.
[0079] FIG. 34 is a view, corresponding to the cross section of F-F
in FIG. 25, to show the roller clutch in an eighteenth example of
embodiment of the present invention.
[0080] FIG. 35 is an enlarged view of Portion G
[0081] FIG. 36 is a view of the rollers and springs in the
examples, wherein (a) shows a free state and (b) shows a compressed
state.
[0082] FIG. 37 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 36(a), to
show a nineteenth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0083] FIG. 38 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 36(a), to
show a twentieth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0084] FIG. 39 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 36(a), to
show a twenty-first example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0085] FIG. 40 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 36(a), to
show a twenty-second example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0086] FIG. 41 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 36(a), to
show a first example of the conventional spring.
[0087] FIG. 42 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 36(a), to
show a second example of the conventional spring.
[0088] FIG. 43 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 36(a), to
show a third example of the conventional spring.
[0089] FIG. 44 is a partly cut-away, perspective view of the
retainer to be installed in the roller clutch in a twenty-third
example of embodiment of the present invention.
[0090] FIG. 45 is a view in the direction of Arrow H in FIG.
44.
[0091] FIG. 46 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 44, to
show a twenty-third example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0092] FIG. 47 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 44, to
show a twenty-fourth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0093] FIG. 48 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 44, to
show a twenty-fifth example of embodiment of the present
invention.
[0094] FIG. 49 is a cross sectional view to show the whole
construction of the pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch
according to a prior invention.
[0095] FIG. 50 is a cross sectional view taken along the line I-I
of FIG. 49 to show the roller clutch.
[0096] FIG. 51 is an enlarged view of Portion J in FIG. 50.
[0097] FIG. 52 is a perspective view to show part of the clutch
retainer in a conventional structure taken from the outer diameter
side.
[0098] FIG. 53 is a perspective view to show part of the clutch
retainer in a conventional structure taken from the inner diameter
side.
[0099] FIG. 54 a view similar to FIG. 52 to show a clutch retainer
with springs installed in it.
[0100] FIG. 55 is a schematic view of an apparatus for starting an
engine for an idling-stop vehicle.
[0101] FIG. 56 is a partial cross sectional view to show a first
example of the typical roller clutch in a conventional
structure.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0102] FIGS. 1 to 5 show a first example of embodiment of the
invention. The pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch 16,
which is a rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine according to the present example, is
an engine-starting apparatus for an idling-stop vehicle as shown in
FIG. 55 described above, and it is used as the drive-pulley
apparatus 6 for transmitting the rotation of the rotation-drive
shaft 5 of the starter motor 4 to the endless belt 7. Also, it is
constructed such that when electric power flows to the starter
motor 4, the rotation of the rotation-drive shaft 5 is transmitted
to the endless belt 7, and that when this endless belt 7 is driven
by the engine 1 after the start of the engine 1, power is not
transmitted to the rotation-drive shaft 5 from the endless belt
7.
[0103] In this kind of pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch
16, a pulley element 17, which is a rotating member around which
the endless belt 7 is placed around its outer peripheral surface,
and a sleeve 18, which is fitted and fastened onto the tip end of
the rotation-drive shaft 5, are placed such that they are
concentric with each other. Also, a pair of deep-groove ball
bearings 19, which function as support bearings, and a roller
clutch 20 are located between the outer peripheral surface of this
sleeve 18 and the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element
17. In order to install these ball bearings 19 and roller clutch
20, the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element 17 is a
simple cylindrical surface, and the outer peripheral surface of the
sleeve 18 is a stepped cylindrical surface having a large-diameter
section 21 in the middle in the axial direction and small-diameter
sections 22 on both ends which are continued to the large-diameter
section 21 through a stepped portion.
[0104] Moreover, the roller clutch 20 is located in the middle
section in the axial direction of the ring-shaped space that exists
between the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 18 and the inner
peripheral surface of the pulley element 17, and the ball bearings
19 are located near both ends in the axial direction of this
ring-shaped space such that they are located on both sides in the
axial direction of the roller clutch 20. Of these, the ball
bearings 19 function such that the pulley element 17 and the sleeve
18 are concentric with each other, and that both of these members
17, 18 are allowed to freely rotate relative to each other. In this
example, by placing these ball bearings 19 on the opposite sides of
the roller clutch 20, it is possible to lengthen the span to which
the radial loads are applied, thus making it possible to increase
the rigidity and maintain durability. Also, by giving angle of
contact to these ball bearings 19 in opposite directions from each
other (preferably a back-to-back combination type), they freely
support axial loads in both directions that are applied to the
pulley element 17.
[0105] Each of the ball bearings 19 comprises an outer race 24
having an outer race track 23 in the deep-groove type formed around
its inner peripheral surface, an inner race 26 having an inner race
track 25 in the deep-groove type formed around its outer peripheral
surface, and a plurality of balls 27 rollably located between the
outer race trace 23 and inner race track 25. Also, the outer race
24 is fixed through interference fit to the inner peripheral
surface on both ends of the pulley element 17, and the inner race
26 is fixed through interference fit to the small-diameter sections
22 formed around the outer peripheral surface on both ends of the
sleeve 18. Moreover, in this state of each ball bearing 19, one of
the end surfaces in the axial direction of the inner race 26 comes
in contact with the stepped surface connecting the large
diameter-section 21 and the small-diameter sections 22.
[0106] Also, in each ball bearing 19, the openings on both ends of
the space where the balls 27 are located are blocked by seal rings
28a, 28b provided between the inner peripheral surfaces on both
ends of the outer race 24 and the outer peripheral surfaces on both
ends of the inner races 26. Lubricant such as grease is filled in
the space to lubricate the points of rolling contact between the
rolling contact surfaces of the balls 27 and the outer-race 23 and
inner-race 25. The type of grease used in this case is not
particularly limited, however, it is preferred that a grease having
synthetic oil as the base oil, and a urethane type bodying or
thickening agent, be used because of its excellent heat resistance
(high-temperature stability).
[0107] Also, the construction of the seal rings 28a, 28b is not
particularly limited. A general type seal ring comprising a
circular-ring shaped core made of metal plate and an elastic
material such as an elastomer like rubber reinforced with the metal
core can be used. However, it is preferred that the seal rings 28a
on the outside (side opposite from the roller clutch 20) of the
ball bearings 19 be a so-called contact type seal ring whose inner
peripheral edge comes in sliding contact all around the outer
peripheral surface of the inner race 26. The reason for this is to
prevent foreign matter, such as dirt or dust, flying from the
outside from getting inside the bearing, as well as to prevent the
grease inside the space from leaking out.
[0108] On the other hand, the seal rings 28b on the inside (side
toward the roller clutch 20) can be a contact type, however, it is
also possible to use so-called non-contact type of seal ring whose
inner peripheral edge comes close to and faces the outer peripheral
surface of the inner race 26 through a labyrinth space. By using a
non-contact type of seal ring, it is possible to reduce the
rotation resistance during overrun of the roller clutch 20 by that
amount. Furthermore, as will be described later, when the roller
clutch 20 and the ball bearings 19 are lubricated using the same
type of grease, it is possible to even omit the seal rings 28b on
the inside. In either case, it is preferred that fluororubber
having excellent heat resistance be used as the elastic material of
the seal rings 28a, 28b, in order to obtain excellent durability
regardless of friction heat that occurs when the outer race 24
rotates at high speed while the inner race 26 is stopped.
[0109] It is also possible to form a minute hole enough for air to
pass through in the outside seal ring 28a mounted in at least one
of the ball bearings 19 (when the inside rings 28b are contact
type, a hole can be formed in the inside seal ring 28b as well).
When the ball bearings 19 are fitted between the inner peripheral
surface of the pulley element 17 and the outer peripheral surface
of the sleeve 18, these holes allow air in the space between the
peripheral surfaces to be output, and have the function of
suppressing an increase in pressure inside this space. By
suppressing an increase in pressure in this space in this way, it
is possible to prevent deformation such as burrs from occurring on
the seal rings 28a, 28b installed in the ball bearings 19, and thus
to prevent the seal formed by these seal rings 28a, 28b from
becoming bad. Moreover, it is possible to prevent deformation even
when the pressure inside the aforementioned space changes due to
temperature change that occurs during operation and when stopped,
and thus it is possible to prevent the seal from becoming bad.
[0110] The construction and material of the retainer 41 that holds
the balls 28 inside the ball bearings 19 such that they rotate
freely are not particularly limited. It can be a pressed retainer
in a wave-shape made of metal as shown in FIG. 1. However, in order
to obtain even better durability, it is also possible to use a
crown-shaped retainer made of synthetic resin as the retainer 41.
In the case of using a synthetic resin retainer, the retainer is
lighter than a metal retainer, so the response to changes in
angular velocity is better. Also, when powder from abrasion of the
retainer occurs, it is more difficult for the abrasion powder to
cause the grease to become bad. Moreover, since the hardness of the
abrasion powder is low, it does not cause damage such as
indentation to the outer race tracks 23 or inner race tracks 25,
and so it does not lower the flaking life of these tracks 23, 25.
It is preferred that polyamide 46 having excellent heat resistance
be used as the synthetic resin for this crown-shaped retainer.
Also, in order to improve the strength for suppressing deformation
during high-speed rotation, it is also possible for the synthetic
resin to contain a reinforcing material such as glass fiber.
[0111] Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 5, when using a crown-shaped
retainer, it is possible, on the inside of the pocket 42 for
holding the balls 27, to form the sections on both ends in the
circumferential direction that face the rolling contact surface of
the balls 27 (so-called equator section where the balls 27 come in
actual rolling contact with the outer race track 23 and inner race
track 25) such that they have a partial cylindrical surface 43
whose center axis a is parallel with the center axis of the
retainer 41a. By using a retainer 41a having pockets 42 with this
kind of shape, it is possible to put a sufficient amount of grease
between the inner peripheral surfaces of these pockets 42 and the
rolling contact surfaces of the balls 27 to improve the lubrication
of the ball bearings 19. Furthermore, it is possible to reduce the
resistance that acts between the inner peripheral surfaces of the
pockets 42 and the rolling contact surfaces of the balls 27, and
reduce the rotation resistance of the ball bearings 19, and thus it
is possible to reduce the rotation resistance during overrun of the
roller clutch 20. Reducing this rotation resistance reduces the
load on the engine 1 and contributes to the improvement of running
performance such as acceleration performance and fuel-consumption
performance.
[0112] Moreover, in the roller clutch 20, only when the pulley
element 17 has a tendency to rotate in a specified direction
relative to the sleeve 18, rotation force is freely transmitted
between the pulley element 17 and the sleeve 18. In order to use
this kind of roller clutch 20, the clutch inner ring 29 is tightly
fitted onto the large-diameter section 21 of the sleeve 18. This
clutch inner ring 29 is formed into a generally cylindrical shape
by plastic working such as pressing of steel plate, such as
carburized steel plate, and the inner and outer peripheral surfaces
are both simple cylindrical surfaces. In other words, the clutch
inner ring 29 is formed by performing heat treatment such as
carburization or carbonitriding after performing plastic working
such as pressing of steel plate such as carburized steel plate, or
by performing heat treatment by normal quenching and tempering or
nitriding of bearing steel.
[0113] On the other hand, the inner peripheral surface of the
clutch outer ring 30 which is tightly fitted onto the middle
section of the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element 17,
and it functions as a cam surface 31. In other words, by forming a
plurality of concave sections 32 called ramp sections around the
inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30 such that they
are spaced uniformly in the circumferential direction as shown in
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the inner peripheral surface functions as a cam
surface 31. This kind of clutch outer ring 30 is also formed into a
generally cylindrical shape by plastic working such as pressing of
steel plate like carburized steel. That is, the clutch outer ring
30 is made by performing heat treatment such as carburization or
carbonitriding after pressing of the steel plate like carburized
steel.
[0114] Moreover, the plurality of rollers 33 that make up the
clutch roller 20 together with the clutch inner ring 29 and clutch
outer ring 30 are supported, such that they can rotate freely and
move a little in the circumferential direction, by a clutch
retainer 34 that is fitted onto the clutch outer ring 30 such that
it cannot rotate with respect to the clutch outer ring 30. For
these rollers 33, it is possible to use bearing steel that has been
heat treated by normal quenching and tempering or by nitriding,
ceramic, or chromium steel that has been heat treated by nitriding.
Moreover, the clutch retainer 34 is formed into a generally
cage-type cylindrical shape from a synthetic resin (for example, a
synthetic resin like polyamide 66, polyamide 46 or polyphenylene
sulfide that is mixed with about 20% glass fiber), and comprises a
pair of circular ring shaped rim sections 35, and a plurality of a
column sections 36 that connect these rim sections 35 together.
[0115] Also, the sections surrounded on four sides by the inside
surfaces of the rim sections 35 and the side surfaces in the
circumferential direction of the columns sections 36, define
pockets 37 for holding the rollers 33 such that they can rotate
freely as well as move freely a little in the circumferential
direction. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, convex section 38 are
formed at a plurality of locations around the outer peripheral
surface of the rim sections 35 such that they are fitted with the
concave section 32 formed on the inner peripheral surface of the
clutch outer ring 30, such that the clutch retainer 34 is mounted
to the clutch outer ring 30 such that it cannot rotate relative to
the clutch outer ring 30. Also, by holding the clutch retainer 34
on both sides in the axial direction by inward facing collar
sections 39a, 39b that are formed on both end sections in the axial
direction of the clutch outer ring 30, this clutch retainer 34 is
not able to move in the axial direction with respect to the clutch
outer ring 30.
[0116] Furthermore, springs 40 are mounted as shown in FIGS. 2 and
3 on one of the side surfaces in the circumferential direction of
the column sections 36 of the clutch retainer 34. These springs 40
that are located on each column section elastically press the
rollers 33 that held in the pockets 37 in the same direction (to
the left or counterclockwise direction in FIGS. 2 and 3) in the
circumferential direction of the clutch retainer 34 toward the
section in cylindrical space formed between the cam surface 31 and
outer peripheral surface (cylindrical surface) of the clutch inner
ring 29 where the width in the radial direction becomes narrow. In
the example shown in the figures, the springs 40 are compression
coil springs, however, actually plate springs that are made by
bending spring steel into a triangular-shaped hook are often used
for these springs 40. It is also possible to use synthetic resin
springs that are made in one piece with the clutch retainer 34.
[0117] Moreover, in this example, the cross-sectional shape of the
concave sections 32 that are formed on the inner peripheral surface
of the clutch outer ring 30 is not straight line but a simple arc
shape. The center of curvature of the arc of this cross-sectional
shape is located away from the center of the clutch outer ring 30.
Also, the radius of curvature of the arc and the center point are
set such that this arc is a curve resembling a logarithmic spiral,
and the so-called wedge angle is constant. This wedge angle is the
angle between the tangent line at the point of contact between the
concave sections 32 and the rolling contact surface of the rollers
33, and the tangent line at the point of contact between the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the rolling
contact surface of the rollers 33. In this example, by suitably
regulating the radius of curvature and center point of the arc, the
wedge angle is nearly constant even when the rollers 33 are wedged
into any section between the concave sections 32 and the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29.
[0118] It is preferred that the size of the wedge angle be in the
range from 8 degrees to 11 degrees. The reason for this is
explained using FIG. 6. When the roller clutch 20 is transmitting
torque between the pulley element 17 and sleeve 18, the load
applied to the rollers 33 is assumed to be the same, and with
respect to the load P applied to the roller 33 from the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29, the smaller the
wedge angle .alpha. is, the component of the load acting in the
circumferential direction Psin .alpha. becomes small. This means
that the toque capacity of the roller clutch is small, so from the
aspect of maintaining the capability to transmit torque, it is not
desirable. On the other hand, the condition for the roller clutch
20 becoming locked so that it is possible to transmit torque is
given by tan .alpha..ltoreq..mu. when .mu. is taken to be the
coefficient of friction of the contact surface. From this equation
as the wedge angle .alpha. becomes large, it is seen that the
roller clutch 20 does not lock and torque cannot be transmitted
between the pulley element 17 and the sleeve 18. In this example,
the wedge angle .alpha. is regulated to being in the range from 8
degrees to 11 degrees, so it is possible to maintain the necessary
torque capacity, and since the locked state is possible, torque can
be stably transmitted.
[0119] This kind of roller clutch 20 is also lubricated by grease
that is filled inside. The type of grease used in this case is not
particularly limited, however, it is preferred that a grease having
synthetic oil as the base oil, and a urethane type bodying or
thickening agent, be used because of its excellent heat resistance
(high-temperature stability) and its shear stability. Particularly
in the case of the roller clutch 20, friction may occur at the
section of contact between the roller contact surfaces of the
rollers 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
ring 29 and the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring
30. In this state, a large shear force is applied to the grease, so
in order to sufficiently maintain durability of the roller clutch
20, it is necessary to use grease that has excellent shear
stability. Since grease having a urethane type bodying or
thickening agent has excellent shear stability, it can be
preferably used. Also, when the base oil is a synthetic oil having
a low fluid point, sufficient lubrication in a wide range from the
low-temperature environment when starting, to a high-temperature
environment after starting can be obtained. Therefore, it is
possible to effectively prevent the occurrence of damage such as
flaking or seizure between the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
ring 29 and the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring
30.
[0120] The grease suitable for lubrication of the roller clutch 20
is also the grease suitable for lubrication of the ball bearings
19. Therefore, it is possible to fill the ball bearings 19, 19 and
the roller clutch 20 with the same kind of grease. In that case, it
is possible to prevent problems such as a degradation of greases
which may occur when the greases filled in sections are mixed to
each other.
[0121] With the roller clutch 20 constructed as described above,
the pulley element 17 and sleeve 18 have a tendency to rotate
relatively in a specified direction, or in other words, when the
sleeve 18 has a tendency to rotate relative to the pulley element
17 in the direction (counterclockwise in FIGS. 2 and 3) that the
springs 40 are pushing the rollers 33, the rollers 33 are wedged
into the section of the cylindrical space where the width in the
radial direction becomes narrow. In this state, relative rotation
of the sleeve 18 and the pulley element 17 is not possible (locked
state). On the other hand, when there is a tendency for relative
rotation of the pulley element 17 and sleeve 18 in the direction
opposite the specified direction, or in other words, when there is
a tendency for the sleeve 18 to rotate relative to the pulley
element 17 in the direction opposite to the direction that the
springs 40 press the rollers 33 (clockwise direction in FIGS. 2 and
3), the rollers move back against the elastic force of the springs
40 into the section of the cylindrical space where the width in the
radial direction is wide, and there is relative rotation of the
pulley element 17 and sleeve 18 (overrun state).
[0122] The function of the pulley apparatus 16 with built-in roller
clutch, which is the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine of this example constructed as
described above, when the pulley apparatus 16 is used as a
drive-pulley apparatus 6 for an engine-starting apparatus for the
idling-stop vehicle shown in FIG. 55, is as follows. First, when
starting the engine, electric power flows to the starter motor 4,
and the sleeve 18 is fitted and fixed onto that the tip end of the
rotation-drive shaft 5 and the clutch inner ring 29 that is fitted
and fixed onto this sleeve 18 are rotated in the counterclockwise
direction in FIGS. 2 and 3. Therefore, the rollers 33 move in the
counterclockwise direction of the FIGS. 2 and 3 and move toward the
section of the cylindrical space between the outer peripheral
surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and inner peripheral surface of
the clutch outer ring 30 where the width in the radial direction
becomes narrow. As a result, the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers 33 are wedged into the wedge shape between the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and inner peripheral
surface of the clutch outer ring 30, and roller clutch 20 becomes
locked and power is transmitted from the clutch inner ring 29 to
the clutch outer ring 30. In this state, the crankshaft 2 (see FIG.
55) of the engine 1 is rotated and driven by way of the pulley
element 17, endless belt 7 and follower pulley 3, and the engine 1
starts.
[0123] After the engine 1 starts, electric power stops flowing to
the starter motor 4 and the rotation-drive shaft 5 stops. In this
state, the pulley element 17 is rotated and driven by the
crankshaft 2 of the engine 1 by way of the follower pulley 3 and
endless belt 7, and the clutch outer ring 30 continues to rotate on
the counterclockwise direction in FIGS. 2 and 3. As a result, the
roller clutch 20 is in the overrun state, and the rotation of the
pulley element 17 no longer is transmitted to the sleeve 18.
Therefore, when the engine 1 is operating, the starter motor 4 does
not become a load against the rotation of the engine 1.
[0124] When the roller clutch 20 is in the overrun state like this,
the rollers 33 are pressed by the column sections 36 of the clutch
retainer 34 and the springs 40, and rotate together with the clutch
outer ring 30 that is fitted into the pulley element 17. However,
when the rpm of this clutch outer ring 30 is less than the rpm
necessary to start the engine 1 (for example, speed after applying
the transmission ratio of the belt transmission to 400 rpm to 500
rpm in the case of a gasoline engine), the centrifugal force acting
on the rollers 33 is not a value that will compress the springs 40.
Also, when starting the engine 1, a force in the same direction as
the elastic force of the springs 40 is applied to the rollers 33
from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29.
Therefore, when starting the engine, the rollers 33 definitely move
toward the section of the space between the outer peripheral
surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the inner peripheral
surface of the clutch outer ring 30 where the width is narrow, and
the roller clutch 20 becomes locked.
[0125] On the other hand, when the engine 1 starts and the rpm of
the clutch outer ring 30 is greater than the idling rpm of the
engine 1 (for example, speed after applying the transmission ratio
of the belt transmission to 700 rpm to 800 rpm in the case of a
gasoline engine), not only is the connection of the roller clutch
20 broken (overrun state), but as shown by the dashed line in FIG.
4, the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 of the roller
clutch 20 become separated from the outer peripheral surface of the
clutch inner ring 29. This will be explained with reference to FIG.
7.
[0126] When the engine 1 is turning, a centrifugal force
F.sub.0(=m.omega..sup.2r) acts on the rollers 33, and the rollers
33 are pressed to the bottom of the concave sections 32. Since the
bottom surfaces of these concave sections 32 are inclined, the
rollers 33 have a tendency to be moved by the component force
F.sub.1(=F.sub.0sin .alpha.) in the direction that will press the
springs 40 (compress the springs 40) (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Also,
after the engine 1 starts, after the electric power flowing to the
starter motor 4 stops, the clutch inner ring 29 also stops, so the
force moving the roller 33 in the counterclockwise direction of
FIG. 3 is just the elastic force of the springs 40.
[0127] In this state, the centrifugal force F.sub.0 increases due
to the increase in rotation force, and when the magnitude of the
component force F.sub.1 becomes larger than the elastic force of
the springs 40, the rollers 33 compress the springs 40 and move
toward the deep section of the concave section 32, and move from
the state shown by the solid line in FIG. 4 to the state shown by
the dashed line. As a result, the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers 33 separate from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch
inner ring 29. In this state, the heat of friction that occurs
inside the roller clutch 20 is suppressed to a minimum even though
the engine 1 is turning at high speed, and as described above, this
makes it possible to improve the durability of the roller clutch 20
and the adjacent ball bearings 19. Of course, it is also possible
to prevent damage to the roller clutch 20 itself due to abnormal
wear, seizure or the like.
[0128] In order for the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33
to actually become separated from the outer peripheral surface of
the clutch inner ring 29 after the engine starts in this way, it is
preferable that the wedge angle .alpha. be set near the upper limit
of the range from 8 degrees to 11 degrees, that is 9.degree.30' to
10.degree.30'. The reason for this is, that the larger the wedge
angle .alpha. is, the larger the component force F.sub.1 of the
centrifugal force F.sub.0 becomes, and thus it is easier to
compress the springs 40 and for the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers 33 to become separated from the outer peripheral surface of
the clutch inner ring 29.
[0129] On the other hand, in the case where the pulley apparatus 16
with built-in roller clutch is installed in the auxiliary
rotation-drive section of an automobile, the wide range of
operating temperature must be taken into consideration. In other
words, when used at low temperature, there are times when it is not
possible to increase the wedge angle .alpha. so much in order to
securely reach the locked state even when it becomes difficult for
the rollers 33 to become wedged in the space between the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the inner
peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30 due to the effect of
the fluidity of the grease. In this case, the wedge angle .alpha.
is set near the lower limit of the range 8 degrees to 11
degrees.
[0130] Moreover, in the case of this example, the depth of the
concave sections 32 must be adequately regulated in order for the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 to separate from the
outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 after the
engine starts as described above. In other words, when the rollers
33 are located in the deepest section of the concave sections 32 as
shown by the dashed line in FIG. 4, the size of the gap
.delta..sub.20 that exists between the rolling contact surfaces of
the rollers 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
ring 29 is larger than the size of the radial gap .delta..sub.19 of
the ball bearings 19 (.delta..sub.20<.delta..sub.19). It should
be note that the gap .delta..sub.20 is a radius dimension and the
radial gap .delta..sub.19 is a diameter dimension. Therefore, even
when the center axis of the clutch inner ring 29 and the center
axis of the clutch outer ring 30 are eccentric with respect to each
other due to the radial gap .delta..sub.19 of the ball bearings 19
(by just the amount of this radial gap .delta..sub.19), the rolling
contact surfaces of all of the rollers 33 will securely separate
from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 after
the engine starts.
[0131] The rpm of the clutch outer ring 30 at which the rolling
contact surfaces of the rollers 33 will separate from the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 is regulated in
consideration of the durability of the roller clutch 20, and it is
preferably set as low a possible such that the engagement of roller
clutch 20 is secured when starting the engine 1. However, in this
case, taking into consideration the degradation over time of the
springs 40, in order that the engagement of roller clutch 20 is
securely made even when the elastic force of the springs 40
decreases a little, for example it is considered that, in the case
of a new part, the rpm of the clutch outer ring 30 is set to a
value such that the rolling contact surfaces separate from the
outer peripheral surface when the rpm of the crankshaft 2 of the
engine 1 is from 1000 rpm to 1500 rpm. In this case, in the initial
state, when the engine 1 is idling, the rolling contact surfaces
come in friction contact with the outer peripheral surface,
however, the contact pressure at the rubbing surfaces in this case
becomes very small due to the effect of the centrifugal force.
Also, since the rpm itself is low, the friction heat and wear that
occur on the rubbing surfaces is kept to a minimum.
[0132] Next, FIG. 8 shows a second example of the embodiment of the
invention. In this example, the independent clutch inner ring 29 is
omitted from the construction of the first example shown in FIG. 1,
and the middle section of the sleeve 18a is made to function as the
clutch inner ring of the roller clutch 20a. In order for this, in
this example, the surface layer (the diagonal cross section shown
in FIG. 8) of the large-diameter section 21 formed in the middle
section of the sleeve 18a is hardened by heat treatment such as
induction heat treatment or carbonitriding, and the hardness of the
surface of this large-diameter section 21 is made to be Hv 500 or
more.
[0133] By using this kind of construction, this example does not
require an independent clutch inner ring 29, and so it is possible
to simplify part manufacturing, part management and assembly, and
thus it is possible to reduce costs. Also, since the number of
parts is decreased, assembly error can be reduced, and thus it is
possible to improve performance due to the improvement of precision
of the pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch. In order to
prevent deformation of the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers
33 when pressed hard, surface hardening is performed for the
surface layer of the large-diameter section 21 only, so the section
near the inner peripheral surface of the sleeve 18a is left as is
without being quench-hardened. As a result, processing work such as
forming a male screw or spline on the inner peripheral surface of
the sleeve 18a can be performed easily. Therefore, there is no
limitation in the structure where the sleeve 18a is fitted onto the
end section of the rotation-drive shaft 5 (see FIG. 55). When
applying the invention, the sleeve can also be omitted, and the
outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft, such as the
rotation-drive shaft 5, itself can be used as the inner race track
for clutch that comes in contact with the rolling contact surfaces
of the rollers of the roller clutch. In this case, the inner race
of the support bearings is fitted directly onto the outer
peripheral surface of the rotating shaft, such as the
rotation-drive shaft 5.
[0134] In each of the examples described above, the case of
installing and using the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch in the engine starting apparatus for an
idling-stop vehicle was explained, however, application of the
examples described above is not limited to an engine starting
apparatus. Use of the construction of the examples described above
is effective in applications where the rpm of the rotating members
in the overrun state is faster than the rpm of the rotating members
in the locked state, and where the operating time in the overrun
state is long. As an example of this kind of application, is the
auxiliary drive apparatus such as a compressor that is installed in
an idling-stop vehicle.
[0135] Furthermore, when applying this invention, the construction
of each of the components of the rotation-drive-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch can be changed as long as the
elements given in the claims of this disclosure are satisfied.
First, in the case of the third example of the invention shown in
FIG. 9, a cylindrical shaped member that does not have bent
sections on both ends is used as the clutch outer ring 30a.
Together with this, a collar section 47 that protrudes outward in
the radial direction is formed around the outer peripheral surface
on the end section of the clutch retainer 34a is held between the
clutch outer ring 30a and the outer race 24 of the ball bearing 19
to regulate the position in the axial direction of the clutch
retainer 34a.
[0136] Next, in the case of a fourth example shown in FIG. 10, a
member on which an inward facing collar section 39 is formed on
only one end section (left end section in FIG. 10) is used as the
clutch outer ring 30b. In this example, the position in the axial
direction of the clutch outer ring 30b is regulated by being held
between the outer races 24 of the pair of ball bearings 19. Also,
the position in the axial direction of the clutch retainer 34 is
regulated by the inward facing collar section 39 and one of the
outer races 24 (the race on the right side in FIG. 10).
[0137] Next, in the case of a fifth example shown in FIG. 11, a
cylindrical member that does not have bent sections on both ends is
used as the clutch outer ring 30a. Also, the position in the axial
direction of the clutch retainer 34 is regulated by the outer races
24 of the pair of ball bearings 19.
[0138] Next, in the case of a sixth example shown in FIG. 12, a
cylindrical member that does not have bent sections on both ends is
used as the clutch outer ring 30a. Also, the outer peripheral
surface of the sleeve 18b is a simple cylindrical surface that does
not have a stepped section in the middle. The clutch inner ring 29
is tightly fitted onto the middle section in the axial direction of
this sleeve 18b through interference fit.
[0139] Next, in the case of a seventh example shown in FIG. 13, the
inner peripheral surface in the middle section of the pulley
element 17a has a smaller diameter than on both ends, and the cam
surface 31 is formed directly on this inner peripheral surface in
the middle section. Corresponding to this, a collar section 47 is
formed around the outer peripheral surface on one end of the clutch
retainer 34a to protrude outward in the radial direction, and held
between the end surface of the section in the middle section where
the diameter becomes smaller and the outer race 24 of the ball
bearing 19, so as to regulate the position in the axial direction
of the clutch retainer 34a.
[0140] Next, in the case of an eighth example shown in FIG. 14, the
inner peripheral surface in the middle section of the pulley
element 17a has a smaller diameter than on both ends, and the cam
surface 31 is formed directly on this inner peripheral surface in
the middle section. Also, the position in the axial direction of
the clutch retainer 34 is regulated by the outer races 24 of the
pair of ball bearings 19.
[0141] Next, in the case of a ninth example shown in FIG. 15, an
end cap 44 the is made of synthetic resin or metal and formed into
a petri-dish shape is fitted onto the outside end (left end in FIG.
15) of the pulley element 17, and it prevents foreign matter from
getting into the space where the ball bearings 19 and roller clutch
20b are housed.
[0142] Next, in the case of a tenth example shown in FIG. 16 the
outer edge section of an end cap 44a is fitted into an attachment
groove that is formed on the inner peripheral surface on the
outside end of the outer race 24 of the outside (left side in FIG.
16) ball bearing 19, and it prevents foreign matter from getting
into the space where the ball bearings 19 and roller clutch 20b are
housed.
[0143] Next, in the case of an eleventh example shown in the FIG.
17, the outer edge section of an end cap 44b is fitted into a
cut-out section 45 that is formed on the outside end surface
(surface on the left end in FIG. 17) of the pulley element 17, and
it prevents foreign matter from getting into the space where the
ball bearings 19 and roller clutch 20b are housed.
[0144] Next, in the case of a twelfth example shown in FIG. 18 the
outer edge section of an end cap 44c is fitted into a
dovetail-groove shaped attachment groove 46 that is formed on the
outside end surface (surface on the left end in FIG. 18) of the
pulley element 18, and it prevents foreign matter from getting into
the space where the ball bearings 19 and roller clutch 20b are
housed. In this example, the dimension in the axial direction of
the part of the pulley element 17 that is located further outside
in the radial direction than the end cap 44c is decreased.
[0145] A summary of the construction of the pulley apparatus with
built-in roller clutch 16 of the first thru twelfth examples
described above is as follows.
[0146] This pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch 16
transmits power only in a specified direction between the
circular-ring-shaped pulley, which has an endless belt that runs
around its outer peripheral surface and rotates only in the
specified direction during operation, and the rotating shaft that
is inserted through the center section of this pulley and rotates
only in this specified direction during operation.
[0147] Also, the pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch 16
comprises: a pair of support bearings, which are located in the
circular-ring-shaped space between the inner peripheral surface of
the pulley and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft
and spaced apart from each other in the axial direction, and a
roller clutch that is located in this circular-ring shaped space
between this pair of support bearings.
[0148] Moreover, this roller clutch engages with the rotating shaft
when it rotates in the specified direction and transmits power to
the pulley from the rotating shaft, however, when the pulley is
rotating in the specified direction faster than the rotating shaft,
the roller clutch idles and does not transmit power from the pulley
to the rotating shaft.
[0149] Furthermore, a cam surface for moving the plurality of
rollers of the roller clutch in the radial direction of the pulley
is formed around the inner peripheral surface of the pulley or
around the inner peripheral surface of a clutch outer ring that is
fitted inside this pulley, and the outer peripheral surface of the
rotating shaft or the outer peripheral surface of a clutch inner
ring that is fitted onto the rotating shaft is a cylindrical
surface.
[0150] With the kind of pulley apparatus with built-in roller
clutch 16 of the first thru twelfth examples, when the rotating
shaft is stopped, or when the pulley rotates faster than the
rotating shaft, not only is the connection of the roller clutch
open, but the rolling contact surfaces of the plurality of rollers
of the roller clutch are separated from the outer peripheral
surface of the rotating shaft or the outer peripheral surface of
the clutch inner ring that fits around the rotating shaft.
Therefore, when the pulley is rotating, it is possible to suppress
to a minimum the friction heat that occurs inside the roller
clutch, and thus it is possible to improve the durability of the
roller clutch and the adjacent support bearings.
[0151] Next, FIG. 19 shows a reference example that is outside the
range of this invention, and FIG. 20 shows a thirteenth example of
the invention. Both of these examples were invented for the purpose
of sufficiently maintaining the durability of a
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch, which
include that for starting an engine, however, more particularly for
the purpose of solving the following problems. The following
explanation explains the case in which the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch is used as an auxiliary drive
apparatus, however, it is the same as the case in which it is used
for starting an engine.
[0152] That is, the use of a pulley apparatus with a built-in
one-way clutch has been known conventionally as a pulley apparatus
for driving auxiliary devices such as an alternator (for example,
refer to patent documents 1 and 3). FIGS. 21 and 22 show a first
example of the conventional construction of a pulley apparatus with
a built-in roller clutch, which is one type of this kind of
pulley-apparatus with built-in one-way clutch. This
pulley-apparatus with built-in one-way clutch comprises a sleeve
18b and a pulley element 17 that are concentric with each other.
Also, there is a roller clutch 8, which is a one-way clutch, and a
pair of support bearings 48 located between the outer peripheral
surface of the sleeve 18b and the inner peripheral surface of the
pulley element 17.
[0153] The sleeve 18b is has a generally cylindrical shape, and it
is fitted and fastened onto the rotating shaft of the auxiliary
device such as an alternator, and it rotates with this rotating
shaft. On the other hand, the pulley element 17 also has a
generally cylindrical shape, and the cross-sectional shape in the
width direction of the middle section around its outer peripheral
surface is wave shaped, around which part of an endless belt,
called a poly V-belt, is placed. Also, there is a roller clutch 8
located in the middle section in the axial direction of the
circular-ring shaped space that exists between the outer peripheral
surface of the sleeve 18b and the inner peripheral surface of the
pulley element 17, and also on both ends in the axial direction of
this same space there is a pair of support bearings 48 such that
they are located on both sides in the axial direction of the roller
clutch 8. Of these, the pair of support bearings 48 support radial
loads that are applied to the pulley element 17, and make it
possible for the pulley element 17 to rotate relative to the sleeve
18b. In the example shown in the drawings, deep-groove type ball
bearings are used for these support bearings 48.
[0154] Also, only when there is a tendency for relative rotation
between the pulley element 17 and sleeve 18b in a specified
direction, the roller clutch 8 transmits rotation force between the
pulley element 17 and the sleeve 18b. This roller clutch 8
comprises: an inner member, which is a clutch inner ring 29 made of
steel plate, and a outer member, which is a clutch outer ring 30
made of steel plate, a plurality of steel rollers 33, a clutch
retainer 34 made of synthetic resin, and elastic members (not shown
in the figures), which are springs. Of these, the clutch inner ring
29 is tightly fitted onto the outer peripheral surface in the
middle section of the sleeve 18b, and the clutch outer ring 30 is
tightly fitted into the inner peripheral surface in the middle
section of the pulley element 17, respectively through interference
fit. The inner peripheral surface in the middle section of the
clutch outer ring 30 is a cylindrical surface 49, and the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 is a cam surface 50.
In other words, a plurality of concave sections 51 called ramp
sections are formed on the outer peripheral surface of the clutch
inner ring 29 such that they are evenly spaced around in the
circumferential direction, and the outer peripheral surface of this
clutch inner ring 29 functions as a cam surface 50.
[0155] Moreover, in the cylindrical space between this cam surface
50 and the cylindrical surface 49, there are a plurality of rollers
33, and a clutch retainer 34 (omitted in FIG. 22) that holds the
rollers 33 such that they can freely roll and move a little in the
circumferential direction. The rollers 33 are located in sections
in alignment with the concave sections 51. Also, by attaching the
inner peripheral edge of the clutch retainer 34 to part of the cam
surface 50, it is prevented from rotating relative to the clutch
inner ring 29. In other words, the clutch retainer 34 and clutch
inner ring 29 rotate in synchronization. Moreover, there are
springs (not shown in the figure) between the clutch retainer 34
and the rollers 33 so as to press the rollers 33 in the same
direction in the circumferential direction (right direction in FIG.
22) toward the shallow side of the concave sections 51.
[0156] In the case of this roller clutch 8, when there is a
tendency for the clutch outer ring 30 to rotate in the clockwise
direction (to the right) in FIG. 22 with respect to the clutch
inner ring 29, as shown in the same figure, the rollers 33 become
wedged between the cylindrical surface 49 and the bottom surfaces
of the concave sections 51 of the cam surface 51. As a result,
rotation force begins to be transmitted between the clutch outer
ring 30 and clutch inner ring 29, and the clutch outer ring 30 and
clutch inner ring 29 rotate together. This state is called the
locked state. On the other hand, when there is a tendency for the
clutch outer ring 30 to rotate in the counterclockwise direction in
FIG. 2 (rotate to the left) with respect to the clutch inner ring
29, the rollers 33 move against the elastic force of the springs
toward the deep section of the concave sections 51 (sections on the
left side in FIG. 22) and the pressure at the points of contact
between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and the
cylindrical surface 49 droves. As a result, rotation force stops
being transmitted between the clutch outer ring 30 and the clutch
inner ring 29, and the clutch outer ring 30 and clutch inner ring
29 rotate relative to each other. This state is called the overrun
state.
[0157] In the pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch
constructed as described above, the sleeve 18b is fitted and
fastened onto the end section of the rotating shaft of an auxiliary
device such as an alternator, and an endless belt runs around the
outer peripheral surface of the pulley element 17. This endless
belt also runs around the drive pulley that is fastened to the end
section of the engine crankshaft, and is driven by the rotation of
this drive pulley. With the pulley apparatus with built-in roller
clutch is assembled in this state, when the running speed of the
endless belt is constant or has a tendency to increase, the roller
clutch 8 becomes engaged (lock state), and rotation power is freely
transmitted from the pulley element 17 to the rotating shaft.
However, when the running speed of the endless belt decreases, the
connection of the roller clutch 8 is broken (overrun state) and the
pulley element 17 and rotating shaft freely rotate relative of each
other. As a result, even when the rotational angular speed of the
crankshaft changes, it is possible to prevent rubbing between the
endless belt and the pulley element 17, and thus together with
being able to prevent the generation of noise called crying and a
drop in the life of the endless belt due to friction, it is
possible to prevent a drop in the power-generating efficiency of
the alternator.
[0158] In the case of the pulley apparatus with built-in roller
clutch shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 described above, the cylindrical
surface 49 of the roller clutch 8 is located around the inner
peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30, and the cam surface
50 is located around the outer peripheral surface of the clutch
inner ring 29. However, the locations in the radial direction of
the cylindrical surface and cam surface may be opposite as in the
case of the second example of prior construction of a pulley
apparatus with built-in roller clutch shown in FIG. 23 (refer to
Patent Document No. 4). In other words, in the case of the roller
clutch 8a shown in FIG. 23, the cylindrical surface 49a is located
around the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29a,
and the cam surface 50a is located around the inner peripheral
surface of the clutch outer ring 30c. Moreover, in the case of the
construction of the roller clutches 8, 8a described above, the
cylindrical surfaces 49, 49a and cam surfaces 50, 50 may be formed
directly on the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element 17
and the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 18b (refer to Patent
Document No. 4).
[0159] In order to securely achieve the locked state of the roller
clutch 8, 8a described above, for example, as shown in FIG. 24,
when the rollers 33 are pushed into the section where the width of
the space between the cylindrical surface 49a and the cam surface
50a (wedge angle .alpha.) is narrow, it is necessary that slipping
does not occur at the points of contact between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cylindrical surface 49a. Here,
the force P that the rollers 33 receive from the cylindrical
surface 49a will be considered. This force P is the combination of
the friction force [Psin .alpha.] that acts at the points of
contact between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and
the cylindrical surface 49a, and the vertical resistance force
[Pcos .alpha.] that acts on the rollers 33 from the cylindrical
surface 49a. When the coefficient of static friction at the point
of contact is taken to be .mu., then the maximum static friction
force at the point of contact is [.mu.Pcos .alpha.]. Therefore, the
condition to prevent any slipping between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cylindrical surface 49a is [Psin
.alpha..ltoreq..mu.Pcos .alpha.] (in other words, the friction
force [Psin .alpha.] acting at this point of contact is up to the
maximum static friction force [.mu.Pcos .alpha.]). Also, from this
condition [Psin .alpha..ltoreq..mu.Pcos .alpha.], it can be seen
that the larger the coefficient .mu. of static friction at the
point of contact is, the more difficult it is for slipping to occur
at the point of contact.
[0160] On the other hand, the vertical resistance force that the
rollers 33 receive from the cam surface 50a becomes larger as the
force P becomes larger. Also, as the vertical resistance force that
the rollers 33 receive from the cam surface 50a becomes large, the
maximum friction force at the points of contact between the rolling
contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cam surface 50a becomes
large, and it becomes difficult for slipping to occur at these
points of contact. However, if slipping does not occur at the
points of contact between the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers 33 and the cylindrical surface 49a (the condition [Psin
.alpha..ltoreq..mu.Pcos .alpha.] described above), the force P
becomes larger as the rotation force to be transmitted by the
roller clutch 8, 8a becomes larger. Therefore, by making the
coefficient .mu. of static friction at the points of contact
between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and the
cylindrical surface 49a large, it is possible for the force P to
become larger, and as a result, it is more difficult for slipping
to occur at the points of contact between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cam surface 50a.
[0161] From this it can be seen that by making the coefficient .mu.
of static friction at the points of contact between the rolling
contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cylindrical surface 49a
large, it becomes difficult for slipping to occur at the points of
contact between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and
the cylindrical surface 49a, and at the points of contact between
the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cam surface
50a, and as a result it is easy to achieve the locked state of the
roller clutch 8, 8a.
[0162] Therefore, employing a method of regulating the condition of
lubrication at the points of contact between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cylindrical surface 49a is
considered as a method for increasing the coefficient .mu. of
static friction at these points of contact. However, since it is
difficult to regulate the condition of lubrication at the points of
contact, employing this method is difficult.
[0163] Therefore, increasing the roughness of the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cylindrical surface 49a, in
contact with each other, is considered as another method for
increasing the coefficient .mu. of static friction at these points
of contact. However, the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33
and the cylindrical surface 49a are metal surfaces. Also, there is
rubbing between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and
the cylindrical surface 49a during overrun. Therefore, if the
roughness of the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and the
cylindrical surface 49a increased, the friction force acting on the
points of rubbing between these surfaces during overrun increases,
and it is easy for wear or seizure to occur at the points of
rubbing.
[0164] The construction of the first reference example and the
thirteenth example shown in FIGS. 19 and 20 take into consideration
the problem mentioned above, and together with making it possible
to securely achieve the locked state of the one-way clutch, the
construction makes it difficult of wear or seizure to occur at the
points of rubbing during overrun of the one-way clutch.
[0165] First, the first reference example shown in FIG. 19 is an
example of a pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch that is
fastened to the end of the rotating shaft of an alternator, and the
feature of this construction is the characteristics of the
cylindrical surface 49b of the roller clutch 8b, that is one-way
roller clutch. The construction and function of the other parts are
the same as those of the first example of prior construction of the
pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch shown in FIGS. 21 and
22 and described above, so any redundant figures and explanations
will be omitted or simplified, and this explanation will center on
the characteristics of this example.
[0166] The roller clutch 8b of the pulley apparatus with built-in
one-way clutch of this example comprises a cylindrical surface 49b
that is located around the inner peripheral surface of the clutch
outer ring 30d, and a cam surface 50 that is located around the
outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29. In this
example, the pulley apparatus with built-in one-way clutch is
fastened to the end of the rotating shaft of an alternator, and it
is basically operated in the locked state, and the amount of time
it is operated in the overrun state is very short compared with the
overall operating time. Taking this into consideration, with the
roller clutch 8b that is assembled in the pulley apparatus with
built-in one-way clutch of this example in order to easily achieve
the locked state during operation of the engine, and in order that
the plurality of rollers 33 are not moved into the concave sections
of the cam surface by the centrifugal force due to rotation, as
mentioned above, the cam surface 50 is located around the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29.
[0167] Moreover, in this example, a chemical conversion coating,
specifically manganese phosphate layer 52 is formed on the
cylindrical surface 49b. The process for forming this kind of
manganese phosphate layer 52 is summarized below. Under specified
temperature conditions, the inner peripheral surface of the clutch
outer ring 30d which is the base material, is immersed in a
manganese phosphate saline solution. As a result, isolated
phosphoric acid occurs due to the first dissociation of the
manganese phosphate saline solution, and the iron on the inner
peripheral surface (metal surface) of the clutch outer ring 30d
dissolves. Together with this, the concentration of the hydrogen
ions on this metal surface decreases, and while dissociation
equilibrium of the manganese phosphate saline solution transits on
this metal surface, crystals of insoluble manganese phosphate salt
are deposited on this metal surface. The deposited crystals become
the manganese phosphate layer 52.
[0168] In the case of the pulley apparatus with built-in one-way
clutch constructed as described above, the manganese phosphate
layer 52 is formed on the cylindrical surface 49b. The surface of
this manganese phosphate layer 52 is rough, so it is possible to
increase the coefficient of static friction at the points of
contact between the cylindrical surface 49b having this manganese
phosphate layer 52 and the rolling contact surfaces of the
plurality of rollers 33. Therefore, when the roller clutch 8b is in
the locked state, it is difficult for slipping to occur at the
points of contact between the cylindrical surface 49b and the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33. Therefore, in the case
of this example, it is possible to securely achieve the locked
state.
[0169] On the other hand, when the roller clutch 8b is in the
overrun state, the manganese phosphate layer 52 prevents metal
contact between the cylindrical surface 49b and the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33. Also, lubricant is held between the
crystal grains of the manganese phosphate layer 52, so there is
good lubrication at the points of rubbing between the cylindrical
surface 49b and the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 due
to this lubricant. Therefore, during overrun of the roller clutch
8b, it is difficult for wear or seizure to occur at the points of
rubbing.
[0170] Next, FIG. 20 shows a thirteenth example of the embodiment
of the invention corresponding to claims 1 and 6. This example is a
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine and is attached to the end of the drive shaft
that is rotated and driven by a starter motor. Similar to the first
reference example shown in FIG. 19, the feature of this example is
in the characteristics of the cylindrical surface 49c of the
one-way roller clutch 8c. The construction and function of the
other parts are substantially the same as those of the first and
second examples of prior art construction of the pulley apparatus
with built-in roller clutch shown in FIGS. 21 and 23 and described
above, so any redundant figures and explanations will be omitted or
simplified, and this explanation will center on the characteristics
of this example.
[0171] The roller clutch 8c of the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine of this example
comprises a cylindrical surface 49c that is located around the
outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29b, and a cam
surface 50a that is located around the inner peripheral surface of
the clutch outer ring 30a. Also, there is the manganese phosphate
layer 52 that is a chemical conversion coating formed on the
cylindrical surface 49c. In the rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch of the example, constructed as
described above, a sleeve 18b (see FIG. 21) is fitted and fastened
onto the end of the drive shaft of the starter motor, and an
endless belt runs around the outer peripheral surface of the pulley
element 17 (see FIG. 21). This endless belt also runs around a
follower pulley that is fastened to the end of the engine
crankshaft.
[0172] Also, when starting the engine, electric power flows to the
starter motor that then rotates and drives the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch, and
rotates and drives the crankshaft by way of the endless belt and
follower pulley. In other words, at this time, the roller clutch 8c
is in the locked state and transmits power from the drive shaft of
the starter motor to the endless belt. Also, after the engine has
started the roller clutch 8c changes in the overrun state such that
drive shaft of the starter motor does not turn even though the
endless belt is running with the rotation of the crankshaft.
Therefore, the starter motor does not become a resistive load
against the operation of the engine, and durability of the starter
motor not decreased. With this kind of construction, it is possible
to immediately start the engine by just starting the starter motor.
Therefore, by installing this kind of construction in an idling
stop vehicle, it is possible to start moving again in a short time
after an idling stop, and so there is no feeling of discomfort when
the operator starts the engine again.
[0173] As described above, the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting an engine of this example is
operated most of the time in the overrun state and the amount of
time that it is operated in the locked state is very short when
compared with the overall operating time. Taking this into
consideration, the cam surface 50a is located around the inner
peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30c as mentioned above
in order to make the plurality of rollers 33 retract into the
concave sections 51 of the cam surface 50a by the centrifugal force
caused by rotation when the roller clutch 8c that is assembled in
this rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch
for starting an engine is in the overrun state when the engine
starts, so that rubbing is prevented between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 and the cylindrical surface 49c.
[0174] In the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting an engine of this example
constructed as described above, a manganese phosphate layer 52 is
formed on the cylindrical surface 49c of the roller clutch 8c, so
as in the case of the first reference example shown in FIG. 19
described above, it is possible for this roller clutch 8c to
securely achieve a locked state, and it is difficult for wear and
seizure to occur in the rubbing section between the cylindrical
surface 49c and the rolling contact surfaces of the plurality of
rollers 33 when in the overrun state, and thus it is possible to
improve durability. Particularly, in the case of this embodiment,
the roller clutch 8c is in the locked only for a short time when
starting the engine, and after the engine starts the roller clutch
8c is in the overrun state as long as the engine is running and
there is no rubbing between the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers 33 and the cylindrical surface 49c. Therefore, it is
possible to more effectively obtain the effect of making it
difficult for wear or seizure to occur at the rubbing sections
during overrun.
[0175] In the examples described above, of the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers and the cylindrical surface of the roller
clutch, a chemical conversion layer was formed only on the
cylindrical surface, however, it is also possible to form this
chemical conversion coating on just the rolling contact surfaces of
the rollers, or to form it on both the rolling contact surfaces of
the rollers and the cylindrical surface. In these cases, it is
possible to easily achieve the locked state, and to make it
difficult for wear or seizure to occur at the rubbing sections
during overrun. Also, in addition to the roller clutch described
above, the first reference example shown in FIG. 19 and the
thirteenth example shown in FIG. 20 can also be applied to a
one-way clutch having different construction such as a cam clutch
like a sprag clutch.
[0176] The first reference example and the thirteenth example shown
in FIGS. 19 and 20 are for the improvement of the pulley apparatus
with built-in one-way clutch that is fastened to the end of the
rotating shaft such as in the alternator or compressor of an
auxiliary device for an automobile, the starter motor of the
starting apparatus for an automobile, or the auxiliary-drive motor
of an idling-stop vehicle, and the one-way clutch that is assembled
and used in this pulley apparatus with built-in one-way clutch.
Also, a summary of the construction of the one-way clutch (first,
second one-way clutch) and the pulley apparatus with built-in
one-way clutch (first to third pulley apparatus with built-in
one-way clutch) shown in the first reference example and thirteenth
example is given below.
[0177] First, the first one-way clutch comprises: an inner member,
an outer member that is located around the outside of the inner
member such that it is concentric with the inner member, and a
plurality of engaging members that are located between the outer
peripheral surface of the inner member and the inner peripheral
surface of the outer member. Also, at least one of the outer
peripheral surface of the inner member and the inner peripheral
surface of the outer member is a cylindrical surface. Moreover,
only when there is a tendency for relative rotation in a specified
direction of the inner member and outer member, is rotation force
transmitted between the inner member and outer member by way of the
engaging members that engage with the outer peripheral surface of
the inner member and the inner peripheral surface of the outer
member.
[0178] Particularly, in the first one-way clutch described above, a
chemical conversion coating such as a manganese phosphate layer is
formed on at least one of the surface of the engagement members and
the cylindrical surface.
[0179] Moreover, similar to the roller clutches 8, 8a described
above and shown in FIGS. 21 to 23, the second one-way clutch
(roller clutch) comprises: an inner member, an outer member that is
located around the outside of the inner member such that it is
concentric with the inner member, a cam surface, a cylindrical
surface, a plurality of rollers, a retainer, and elastic members.
Of these, the cam surface is located around one of the outer
peripheral surface of the inner member and the inner peripheral
surface of the outer member, and it has a concave sections located
a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction. Also,
the cylindrical surface is located around the other of the outer
peripheral surface of the inner member and the inner peripheral
surface of the outer member. The rollers are located in the
cylindrical space between the cylindrical surface and the cam
surface in the sections that match up with the concave sections.
The retainer is supported in the cylindrical space such that it
cannot rotate with respect to the member around which the cam
surface is formed, and it holds the rollers such that they can
rotate freely and can move a little in the circumferential
direction. The elastic members are located between the retainer and
the rollers, and press these rollers in the same circumferential
direction.
[0180] Particularly, in the second one-way clutch (roller clutch)
described above, a chemical conversion coating such as a manganese
phosphate layer is formed on at least one of the rolling contact
surface of the rollers and the cylindrical surface.
[0181] Also, the first pulley apparatus with built-in one-way
clutch comprises: a cylindrical pulley that fits around the
rotating shaft such that it is concentric with the rotating shaft,
support bearings, and a one-way clutch. Of these, the support
bearings are located between the outer peripheral surface of the
rotating shaft and the inner peripheral surface of the pulley, and
they supports radial loads that act between the rotating shaft and
pulley, and make it possible relative rotation of the rotating
shaft and pulley possible. Moreover, the one-way clutch is located
between the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft and the
inner peripheral surface of the pulley in the section separated in
the axial direction from the support bearings, and it transmits
rotation power between the rotating shaft and pulley only when
there is relative rotation of the rotating shaft and pulley in a
specified direction.
[0182] Particularly, in this first pulley apparatus with built-in
one-way clutch, this one-way clutch is either the first or second
one-way clutch described above.
[0183] Moreover, in the second pulley apparatus with built-in
one-way clutch, the rotating shaft is a component of an alternator,
and the cylindrical surface of the one-way clutch is located around
the inner peripheral surface of the outer member, and the cam
surface is located around the outer peripheral surface of the inner
member.
[0184] Furthermore, in the third pulley apparatus with built-in
one-way clutch, the rotating shaft is the drive shaft that is
rotated and driven by a starter motor, and the cylindrical surface
of the one-way clutch is located around the outer peripheral
surface of the inner member, and the cam surface is located around
the inner peripheral surface of the outer member.
[0185] In the case of the first and second one-way clutches and
first thru third pulley apparatuses with built-in one-way clutches,
a chemical conversion coating, such as a manganese phosphate layer
is formed on at least one of the surface of the plurality of
engagement members and the cylindrical surface of the one-way
clutch. The surface of this chemical conversion coating is rough.
Therefore, it is possible to make the coefficient of static
friction at the points of contact between the surface of the
plurality of engagement members and the cylindrical surface large.
Therefore, when the one-way clutch is provided in the locked state,
it is difficult for slipping to occur at the points of contact
between the surface of the plurality of engagement members and the
cylindrical surface, and thus it is easy to achieve the locked
state. On the other hand, when the one-way clutch is in the overrun
state, the chemical conversion coating makes it possible to prevent
metallic contact between the surfaces of the plurality of
engagement members and the cylindrical surface. Together with this,
lubricant is held between the crystal grains of this chemical
conversion coating, so this lubricant makes it possible to have
good lubrications at the sections of rubbing between the surface of
the plurality of engagement members and the cylindrical surface.
Therefore, when the one-way clutch is in the overrun state, it is
difficult for wear and seizure to occur at these rubbing sections.
In this way, together with being able to securely achieve the
locked state, it is possible to make it difficult for wear and
seizure to occur in the areas of rubbing during the overrun state,
and thus it is possible to improve reliability and durability.
[0186] Next, FIGS. 25 to 27 shows a fourteenth example of the
embodiment of the invention, FIGS. 28 and 29 show a fifteenth
example of the embodiment of the invention, FIG. 30 shows a
sixteenth example of the embodiment of the invention, and FIG. 31
shows a seventeenth example of the embodiment of the invention.
Each example was invented to sufficiently maintain the durability
of a rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch
for starting an engine, and more specifically were invented with
the object of solving the following problems.
[0187] That is, conventionally a roller clutch as disclosed in
Patent Document No. 4, for example, has been known as a one-way
clutch having the function of allowing transmission of rotation in
only a specified direction between a pair of concentrically placed
members. FIGS. 32 and 33 show a second and third example of the
prior art construction of a known roller clutch. First, the second
example of the prior art construction of a known roller clutch
shown in FIG. 32 comprises: an inner ring 9a or inner member, and
an outer ring 10a or outer member (see FIG. 33) that are concentric
with each other, a retainer 11a that is located between the outer
peripheral surface of the inner ring 9a and the inner peripheral
surface of the outer ring 10a, a plurality of rollers 12 and the
same number of springs 13 as rollers 12. The inner peripheral
surface of the outer ring 10a is a cam surface 53 (explained later
using FIG. 33) having a plurality of concave sections 14 that are
called ramp sections, and the outer peripheral surface of the inner
ring 9a is a simple cylindrical surface. Moreover, the retainer 11a
comprises a pair of circular-ring shaped rim sections 54 and column
sections 55 that are located at a plurality of locations in the
circumferential direction to connect the rim sections 54 at the
locations. Also, the convex sections 56 are formed around the outer
peripheral edge of the rim sections 54 and engaged with the
aforementioned concave sections 14, so that relative rotation of
the retainer 11a with respect to the outer ring 10a is prevented.
In other words, the retainer 11a and outer ring 10a are made to
rotate in synchronization.
[0188] Moreover, the springs 13 are formed by bending spring steel
plate into a triangular hook shape. Also, protruding support
sections 57a, 57b are formed on the outside surface of in the
radial direction of the column sections 55 in the axially middle
section of the retainer 11a, at three locations in the axial
direction and the base sections 58 of the springs 13 are supported
by these protruding support sections 57a, 57b. In other words, by
supporting the base section 58 of the spring 13 between the pair of
protruding support sections 57a that are formed near both ends in
the axial direction of the column sections 55, and the one
protruding support section 57b that is located in the middle
section in the axial direction thereof, the base sections 58 are
supported by the protruding sections 57a, 57b. Also, these springs
13 press the rollers 12 in the same circumferential direction
toward the shallow side of the concave sections 14.
[0189] Furthermore, in the case of the third example of prior art
construction of a roller clutch shown in FIG. 33, the rollers 12
are held between the cam surface 53 of the outer ring 10a and the
outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 9a, and in the state
when these rollers 12 roll along the concave sections 14 to the
deep side of the concave sections 14, the position of the tip edge
of the springs 13 comes in contact with the front ends of the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 12 (the position indicated
by the point P in FIG. 33) in the direction of movement of the
center axis O of the rollers 12 (direction indicated by the arrow X
in FIG. 33). Therefore, in this example, in this state, the
direction that the springs 13 press the rollers 12 (the direction
indicated by the arrow Y in FIG. 33) and the direction of movement
of the center axis O are located on the same line.
[0190] In the case of the conventionally known roller clutches
constructed as described above, when there is a tendency for the
inner ring 9a to rotate relative to the outer ring 10a in the
counterclockwise direction of FIG. 33, the rollers 12 are wedged
between the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 9a and the
inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 10a, and rotation force
is transmitted between the inner ring 9a and outer ring 10a. On the
other hand, when there is a tendency for the outer ring 10a to
rotate at high speed in the counterclockwise direction of FIG. 33
faster than the inner ring 9a, the rollers 12 move against the
elastic force of the springs 13 toward the deep section of the
concave sections 14, and the contact pressure at the points of
contact between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 12 and
the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 9a drops, and
rotation force is not transmitted between the inner ring 9a and
outer ring 10a (idling state).
[0191] In the case of the conventionally known roller clutches
shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 and described above, the cam surface 53 is
located around the inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 10a
and the outer peripheral edge of the retainer 11a fits with the
concave sections 14 of this cam surface 53, so in the overrun
state, the retainer 11a rotates with the outer ring 10a. Therefore,
during operation, it is easy for this retainer 11a to rotate at
high speed. However, in the case of the second and third examples
of prior art construction described above, preventing the springs
13 from shifting in the outer radial direction with respect to the
protruding supports 57a, 57b formed on the column sections 55 was
not taken into consideration. Therefore, when the roller clutch is
in the overrun state and the retainer 11a is rotating at high
speed, it becomes easy for the springs 13 to shift outward in the
radial direction with respect to the protruding supports 57a, 57b.
Also, in the extreme case, there is the possibility that the
springs 13 will come out from between the protruding supports 57a,
57b. In the case that the springs 13 shift or come out of place, it
is not possible to maintain the necessary performance of the roller
clutch. Particularly, when this roller clutch is used in a
rotation-transmission unit for the engine-starting apparatus of a
so-called idling-stop vehicle, it is easy for the problems
described above to occur. The reasons why these problems easily
occur will be explained below.
[0192] The function of an engine-starting apparatus of an
idling-stop vehicle and the fact that it is necessary to use an
apparatus with a built-in one-way clutch as the drive-pulley
apparatus 6 (see FIG. 55) located on the end of the rotation-drive
shaft 5 of a starter motor 4 in order to have this function are as
explained above. Also, the possibility of using the prior known
roller clutch shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 as this drive-pulley
apparatus is as described above. Moreover, when using this kind of
roller clutch in the drive-pulley apparatus 6, it is possible to
decrease vibration, noise and friction that occur when the clutch
is not engaged, better than when a ratchet mechanism is used. Also,
it is possible to decrease the friction the occurs when the clutch
is not engaged better than when a cam clutch, such as a sprag
clutch is used.
[0193] Furthermore, in the case of the second and third examples of
prior art construction of a roller clutch shown in FIGS. 32 and 33,
together with forming a cam surface 53 around the inner peripheral
surface of the outer ring 10a, the retainer 11a was made to rotate
together with this outer ring 10a. Therefore, this differs from the
case where the cam surface is formed around the outer peripheral
surface of the inner ring and the retainer rotates together with
the inner race, and the rollers 12 are moved to the deep section of
the concave sections 14 on the cam surface 53 by the centrifugal
force that acts on the rollers 12 during operation. Therefore, in
the overrun state, the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 12
and the outer peripheral surface of the inner race 9a become
separated, and it is possible to prevent rubbing between the
surfaces. As a result, it is possible to prevent the grease from
becoming degraded easily due to friction heat that occurs at the
points of contact, and it is possible to prevent friction loss from
becoming large.
[0194] However, when using the examples of the roller clutch shown
in FIGS. 32 and 33 in the drive-pulley apparatus 6, after the
engine starts, the retainer 11a, the outer ring 10a and the
plurality of rollers 12 continue to rotate at high speed.
Therefore, a large centrifugal force acts for a long time on the
springs 13 that are supported by the protruding support sections
57a, 57b of the retainer 11a, and it becomes easy for the springs
13 to shift toward the outer diameter side with respect to the
protruding support sections 57a, 57b. Also, when the springs 13
shift a large amount toward the outer diameter side in this way, it
becomes impossible to maintain the necessary performance of the
roller clutch. When the roller clutch shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 are
used in the drive-pulley apparatus 6 in this way, it becomes easy
for problems to occur because the shifting of the springs 13 toward
the outer diameter side with respect to the protruding support
sections 57a, 57b is not taken into consideration.
[0195] Moreover, when the roller clutch shown in FIGS. 32 and 33 is
used in the drive-pulley apparatus 6, in the locked state it
transmits the torque for starting the engine between the inner ring
9a and outer ring 10a, so the torque that must be transmitted
between the inner ring 9a and outer ring 10a becomes large.
Therefore, in order to change from the overrun state to the locked
state smoothly and completely, the elastic force of the springs 13
must be larger than the elastic force of the springs that are used
in a normal roller clutch. However, when the elastic force of the
springs 13 is large, the first and second problems described below
occur. First, the first problem that occurs when the elastic force
of the springs 13 is made large is that when the rollers 12 and
springs 13 are assembled in the retainer 11a, the rollers 12 are
pressed strongly to one section of the retainer 11a. When the
rollers 12 are pressed like this, a part of the rollers 12
protrudes a lot toward the inner diameter side from the inner
peripheral edge of the retainer 11a, and there is a possibility
that the diameter of the inscribed circle of the rolling contact
surface of the plurality of rollers 12 will become smaller than the
outer diameter of the inner ring 9a. If the diameter of this
inscribed circle is smaller than the outer diameter of the inner
ring 9a, when the inner ring 9a is pressed toward the inner
diameter side of the rollers 12 to assemble the roller clutch 1,
the end surfaces in the axial direction of the rollers 12 interfere
(collide) with the end surface in the axial direction of the inner
ring 9a. When these surfaces interfere with each other in this way
and the work of pressing the inner ring 9a is continued, there is a
possibility that the rollers 12 will fall from between the springs
13 and column sections 55 inside the retainer 11a. When the rollers
12 fall out of place in this way, if the elastic force of the
springs 13 is small, it is easier to put the rollers 12 that fell
out back into place. However, when the elastic force of the springs
13 in the roller clutch that is used in an engine-starting
apparatus is large, it is difficult to put the rollers 12 that fell
out back into place, so the work of assembling the roller clutch is
troublesome.
[0196] As the second problem that occurs when the elastic force of
the springs 13 is too large is that when changing from the locked
state to the overrun state, the movement of the rollers 12 along
the concave sections 14 of the cam surface to the deep side of the
concave sections 14 due to the action of the centrifugal force may
be hindered by the elastic force of the springs 13. Particularly,
in the third example of prior art construction shown in FIG. 33, in
regards to the direction of movement of the center axis of the
rollers 12 when the rollers 12 move from the locked state toward
the overrun state along the concave sections 14 to the deep side of
the concave sections 14, when the springs 13 come in contact with
the front ends of the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 12,
it is easy for the movement of the rollers 12 along the concave
sections 14 toward the deep side of the concave sections 14 to be
hindered by the springs 13. Also, in regards to the direction of
the movement of the center axis O from the locked state toward the
overrun state, when the springs 13 come in contact more with the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 12 on the outer diameter
side of the retainer 11a than the position on the front ends of the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 12, it becomes even easier
for the movement of the rollers 12 to be hindered. When the
movement of the rollers 12 is hindered by the springs 13 in this
way, even in the overrun state the rolling contact surfaces of the
rollers 12 do not separate from the outer peripheral surface of the
inner ring 9a, and the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 12
rub against the outer peripheral surface of the inner ring 9a, and
thus it becomes easy for friction heat and friction loss to occur
at the points of contact between these surfaces. The occurrence of
friction heat becomes the cause of a decrease in the durability of
the grease filled inside the roller clutch, and the occurrence of
friction loss becomes the cause of preventing an improvement in the
performance of the mechanical apparatuses, such as the automobile
having an engine installed with a starting apparatus with a roller
clutch.
[0197] The fourteenth to seventeenth examples of the invention
shown in FIGS. 25 to 31 take these problems into consideration, and
they were invented with the object of eliminating at least the
problems of the retainer rotating at high speed for a long time
during operation, and the large elastic force of the elastic
members or springs that occur when used in the engine-starting
apparatus of an idling-stop vehicle.
[0198] First, FIGS. 25 to 27 show a fourteenth example of the
invention. The pulley apparatus 59 of this embodiment, which is a
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine, is used in the engine-starting apparatus of the
idling-stop vehicle shown in FIG. 55 as the drive-pulley apparatus
6 for transmitting the rotation of the rotation-drive shaft 5 of
the starter motor 4 to the endless belt 7. Also, when electric
power flows to the starter motor 4, it transmits the rotation of
the rotation-drive shaft 5 to the endless belt 7, however after the
engine 1 starts and the endless belt 7 is driven by the engine 1,
it does not transmit power from the endless belt 7 to the
rotation-drive shaft 5.
[0199] This pulley apparatus 59 comprises a pulley element 17
around whose outer peripheral surface the endless belt 7 runs, and
a sleeve 60 that is fitted and fastened to the end of the
rotation-drive shaft 5, such that it is concentric with the pulley
element 17. The pulley element 17 corresponds to the rotating
member in the claims. Support bearings, which are a pair of ball
bearings 19, and a roller clutch 61 are located between the outer
peripheral surface of the sleeve 60 and the inner peripheral
surface of the pulley element 17. Also, the inner peripheral
surface of the pulley element 17 and the outer peripheral surface
of the sleeve 60 are simple cylindrical surfaces.
[0200] The roller clutch 61 is located in the middle in the axial
direction of the circular-ring shaped space that exists between the
outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 60 and the inner peripheral
surface of the pulley element 17, and the ball bearings 19 are
located at both ends in the axial direction of this circular-ring
shaped space on both sides in the axial direction of the roller
clutch 61. Of these, the ball bearings 19 are the same as those
used in the first example shown in FIGS. 1 to 5 and the outer races
24 of these ball bearings 19 are fitted and fastened to the inner
peripheral surface on both end portions of the pulley element 17
through interference fit, and the inner races 26 are fitted and
fastened to the outer peripheral surface on both end portions of
the sleeve 60 through interference fit. In the case of the example
shown in the figures, there is no pair of seal rings 28a, 28b (see
FIG. 1) on the ends in the axial direction of the ball bearings 19,
however it is possible to install seal rings 28a, 28b as in the
first example.
[0201] Also, the roller clutch 61 transmits rotation force between
the pulley element 17 and the sleeve 60 only when there is a
tendency for relative rotation in a specified direction of the
pulley 17 with respect to the sleeve 60. To construct this roller
clutch 61, an inner member, or clutch inner ring 29, is fitted and
fastened onto the middle section of the outer peripheral surface of
the sleeve 60 through interference fit. This clutch inner ring 29
is formed into a generally cylindrical shape by plastic working,
such as pressing of steel plate such as carburized steel, and both
of the inner and outer peripheral surfaces are simple cylindrical
surfaces.
[0202] On the other hand, the outer member or clutch outer ring 30
is fitted and fastened into the middle section of the inner
peripheral surface of the pulley element 17 through interference
fit, and the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30
functions as a cam surface 31. In other words, by forming a
plurality of concave sections 14, called ramp sections, on the
inner peripheral surface of this clutch outer ring 30 with an even
space between them in the circumferential direction, such that the
depth decreases gradually (gradually becomes shallow) going in one
direction (left direction in FIG. 33), the inner peripheral surface
of the clutch outer ring 30 functions as a cam surface 31. This
outer clutch ring 30 is also formed into a generally cylindrical
shape by plastic working, such as pressing of steel plate such as
carburized steel.
[0203] Also, the roller clutch 61 comprises a plurality of rollers
33 together with the clutch inner ring 29 and the clutch outer ring
30, and the rollers 33 are supported by a clutch retainer 34 such
that they can roll freely and move a little in the circumferential
direction. The clutch retainer 34 is fitted on the inside of the
clutch outer ring 30 such that it cannot rotate with respect to the
clutch outer ring 30. This clutch retainer 34 is made of synthetic
resin (for example, a synthetic resin such as polyamide 66,
polyamide 46, polyphenylene sulfide that is mixed 20% with glass
fibers) and formed generally into a cage-type cylindrical shape,
and comprises a pair of circular-ring shaped rim sections 35, and
column sections 36a that connect the rim sections 35 to each other
at a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction.
[0204] The sections surrounded on four sides by the inside surfaces
of the rim sections 35 and the surfaces on the sides in the
circumferential direction of the column sections 36a form pockets
37 for holding the rollers 33 such that they can roll freely and
move a little in the circumferential direction. A plurality of
convex sections 56 that are formed at a plurality of locations on
the outer peripheral surface of the rim sections 35 are fitted with
the concave sections 14 formed on the inner peripheral surface of
the clutch outer ring 30, and the clutch retainer 34 is mounted to
the clutch outer ring 30 such that it cannot rotate relative with
respect to the clutch outer ring 30. Furthermore, inward facing
collar sections 39a, 39b are formed on both ends in the axial
direction of the outer clutch ring 30, and by holding the clutch
retainer 34 on both sides in the axial direction by the collar
sections 39a, 39b, the clutch retainer 34 does not move in the
axial direction with respect to the clutch outer ring 30.
[0205] Moreover, springs 13 are mounted on part of the column
sections 36a of this clutch retainer 34. In other words, in this
example, as in the second and third examples of prior art
construction shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, these springs 13 are formed
by bending spring steel plate into triangular hook shapes. Also,
protruding supports 57a, 57b are formed at three locations in the
axial direction on the outside surfaces in the radial direction of
the column sections 36a of the clutch retainer 34 such that they
protrude toward the outside in the radial direction. Moreover, of
these protruding supports 57a, 57b, the protruding supports 57a are
formed in a pair near both ends in the axial direction of the
column section 36a such that they both coincide with the phase in
the circumferential direction of the clutch retainer 34. On the
other hand, one protruding support 57b is formed in the middle
section in the axial direction of the column section 36a and is out
of phase in the circumferential direction of the clutch retainer 34
with respect to the other protruding supports 57a formed on the
column section 36a. The base sections 58 of the springs 13 are held
between the pair of protruding supports 57a formed near both ends
in the axial direction of the column sections 36a, and the
protruding support 57b that is formed in the middle section in the
axial direction of the column sections 36a. With this construction,
the base sections 58 of the springs 13 are supported by part of the
columns sections 36a. Also, these springs 13 elastically press the
rollers 33 held in the pockets 37 in the same circumferential
direction of the clutch retainer 34 toward the section in the
cylindrical space formed between the inner peripheral surface of
the cam surface 31 and the outer peripheral surface (cylindrical
surface) of the clutch inner ring 29 where the width in the radial
direction becomes narrow.
[0206] Particularly, in this example, on the side surface in the
circumferential direction of the protruding support 57b located in
the middle section in the axial direction of the column sections
36a, an eave section 62 is located on the side surface that faces
the side surface of the base section 58 of the springs 13 in the
section that is separated further on the outer-diameter side than
the side surface of this base section 58, and it protrudes toward
the side of this base section 58. Also the length L.sub.62 that the
eave sections 62 protrude from the side surface in the
circumferential direction of the protruding supports 57b located in
the middle section in the axial direction is greater than the
thickness t.sub.13 of the base section 58 of the springs 13
(L.sub.62>t.sub.13).
[0207] The function of the pulley apparatus 6 with built-in roller
clutch 61 constructed as described above when used in the
engine-starting apparatus of a idling-stop vehicle is explained
below. First, when starting the engine 1, electric power flows to
the starter motor 4 and it turns the sleeve 60 that is fastened
around the end of the rotation-drive shaft 5 and the clutch inner
ring 29 that is fastened around this sleeve 60 in a specified
direction (counterclockwise direction if FIG. 33). As this happens,
the rollers 33 move toward the section in the circular-ring shaped
space formed between the outer peripheral surface of the clutch
inner ring 29 and the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer
ring 30 where the width in the radial direction is narrow. As a
result, the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 become
wedged between the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
ring 29 and the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring
30, and the roller clutch 61 becomes locked, and rotation is
transmitted from the clutch inner ring 29 to the clutch outer ring
30. In this state, the crankshaft 2 of the engine 1 (see FIG. 55)
is driven by way of the pulley element 17, endless belt 7 and
follower pulley 3, and the engine 1 starts.
[0208] After the engine 1 has started, electric power stops flowing
to the starter motor 4 and the rotation-drive shaft 5 stops. In
this state, the pulley element 17 is rotated and driven by the
crankshaft 2 of the engine 1 by way of the endless belt 7 and the
clutch outer ring 30 continues to rotate in the specified
direction. As a result, the roller clutch 61 is set to the overrun
state and does not transmit the rotation of the pulley element 17
to the sleeve 60. Therefore, when the engine 1 is operating, the
starter motor 4 does not become a load against the rotation of the
engine 1.
[0209] Particularly, in the case of the roller clutch assembled in
the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine of this embodiment, of the protruding supports
57a, 57b formed on the columns sections 36a of the clutch retainer
34, eave sections 62 are located on the side surface in the
circumferential direction of the protruding support 57b located in
the middle section in the axial direction and on the side that
faces the side surface of the base section 58 of the springs 13, on
the outer-diameter side of the side surface. Also the protruding
length L.sub.62 that the eave sections 62 protrude from the side
surface of the protruding support 57b is greater than the thickness
t.sub.13 of the base sections 58 of the springs 13
(L.sub.62>t.sub.13). Therefore, with this roller clutch, when a
large centrifugal force acts on the springs 13 due to the
high-speed rotation of the clutch retainer .about.34 during
operation, it is possible to prevent the springs 13 from shifting
or falling out of place toward the outer-diameter side with respect
to the protruding supports 57a, 57b. Therefore, it is possible to
improve the reliability of the roller clutch.
[0210] As a result with the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting the engine of an idling-stop
vehicle in which this roller clutch is assembled, it is possible to
prevent the springs 13 from shifting toward the outer-diameter side
and to improve reliability and durability of the roller clutch even
though there is a tendency for the springs 13 to shift outward due
to the continuing high-speed rotation of the clutch retainer 34
with the clutch outer ring 30 after the engine starts. Furthermore,
in this example, the clutch retainer 34 is made of synthetic resin
so it is lightweight and the work of manufacturing it can be
simplified.
[0211] In this example, of the protruding supports 57a, 57b that
are located on the column sections 36a, eave sections 62 are formed
on just the protruding supports 57b that are located in the middle
section in the axial direction for preventing the springs 13 from
shifting outward or falling out of place. However, it is also
possible to form the same kind of eave sections on the side
surfaces of the protruding supports 57a that are located near both
ends in the axial direction on the side surface and on the side
that faces the side surface of the base section 58. Also, it is
possible to form eave sections on just the protruding supports 57a
that are located near both axial ends, without forming eave
sections 62 on the protruding supports 57b that are located in the
middle section in the axial direction. Increasing the number of
eave sections 62 for each column section 36a in this way is more
effective in preventing the springs 13 from shifting outward or
falling out of place. However, in this case, the work of assembling
the springs becomes very troublesome when compared with this
example. Also, the shape of the springs 13 is not limited to a
triangular hook shape as in this example, and a various shapes
could be used, such as a `U` shape. For example, in the case of
using a spring having a `U` shape, one of the pair of arm sections
of the spring corresponds to the base section in claim 7.
[0212] Next, FIGS. 28 and 29 show a fifteenth example of the
embodiment of the invention. In this example, convex beveled
sections 63, 64 (FIG. 29) that have a 1/4 arc-shaped or partial
conical-shaped cross section are formed on the outer edges of both
ends in the axial direction of the rollers 33 and of both end
surfaces in the axial direction of the clutch inner ring 29. The
total width in the radial direction of these bevel sections is
regulated as explained below by the relationship between the roller
33 and the clutch inner ring 29.
[0213] In other words, as shown in FIG. 28, the state in which the
rollers 33 are held in the pockets 37 of the clutch retainer 34,
and the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 are pressed to
one end in the circumferential direction of the pockets 37 (right
ends in FIG. 28) by the springs 13 in the clutch retainer 34 is
considered. In this example, in this state, the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 do not come in contact with the cam
surface 31 even when the clutch outer ring 30 is located around
this clutch retainer 34 such that the convex sections 56 fit with
the concave sections 14 of the cam surface 31. Also, the state
where the clutch retainer 34 and clutch inner ring 29 are on the
same axis, and the clutch inner ring 29 does not penetrate the
inner-diameter side of the rollers 33, is considered. In the state
where both members 34, 29 are placed in this way, the dimensions
are regulated such that the amount d that the rollers 33 move up
toward the inner-diameter side more than the clutch track that is
formed around the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring
29 (the amount that the clutch inner ring 29 and the rollers 33
overlap in the axial direction) is less than the total of the width
W.sub.1 in the radial direction of the bevel section 63 on the ends
of the rollers, and the width W.sub.2 in the radial direction of
the bevel sections 64 on the ends of the clutch inner ring 29
(.delta.<W.sub.1+W.sub.2). By satisfying this relationship,
either one of the widths W.sub.1, W.sub.2 could be 0. In other
words, it is also possible to form bevel sections on just the
clutch inner ring 29 or the rollers 33.
[0214] The work of assembling the roller clutch 61a constructed as
described above is performed as explained below. First, together
with mounting the springs 13 into the clutch retainer 34, the
rollers 33 are held in the pockets 37 formed in the clutch retainer
34. In this state, the springs 13 press the rollers 33 to one side
in the circumferential direction of the pockets 37. Then the
assembled rollers 33, springs 13 and clutch retainer 34 are
installed on the inner-diameter side of the clutch outer ring 30.
When doing this, the convex fitting sections 56 formed on the
clutch retainer 34 are fitted with the concave sections 14 formed
on the cam surface 31 of the clutch outer ring 30, to prevent
relative rotation between the clutch outer ring 30 and the clutch
retainer 34. In the example shown in the figures, on one end in the
circumferential direction of the pockets 37, an inclined surface 65
having a V-shaped cross section is formed on both end sections in
the axial direction of the surface of one side in the
circumferential direction (right side surface is FIG. 28) of the
column sections 55a. Also, as described above, when the springs 13
press the rollers 33 to one side in the circumferential direction
of the pockets 37, the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33
come in contact with the inclined surface 65.
[0215] Next, the clutch inner ring 29 is installed in the
inner-diameter side of the rollers 33. First, one end in the axial
direction (right end in FIG. 29) of the clutch inner ring 29 is
inserted on the inner-diameter side of (fitted into) the rollers
33. When performing this insertion, the bevel sections 63, 64 that
are formed on the end sections in the axial direction of the clutch
inner ring 29 and the rollers 33 function as guide surfaces.
[0216] At the instant when the work of inserting the clutch inner
ring 29 in the way begins, the phase in the circumferential
direction of the rollers 33 with respect to the clutch outer ring
30 is as shown by the solid line in FIG. 28. In other words, the
rollers 33 are located in the comparatively shallow sections of the
concave sections 14 of the cam surface 31 formed around the inner
peripheral surface of clutch outer ring 30. Also, in this state, a
space s that is smaller than the amount (that the rollers 33
protrude toward the inner-diameter side than the cylindrical
surface around the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
ring 29 exists in the space between the rolling contact surfaces of
the rollers 33 and the concave sections 14. Also, in the section
where the rollers 33 exist, the distance L between the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the cam surface
31 formed around the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer
ring 30 is less than the diameter D.sub.33 of the rollers 33
(L<D.sub.33). Therefore, with this phase of the rollers 33 in
the circumferential direction of the clutch outer ring 30, it is
difficult to fit the clutch inner ring 29 into the inner-diameter
side of the rollers 33.
[0217] However, when installing the clutch inner ring 29 on the
inner-diameter side of the rollers 33, cam surface 31 formed on the
inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30 moves the
rollers 33 in the circumferential direction against the elastic
force of the springs 13. In other words, at the same time that the
end in the axial direction of the clutch inner ring 29 enters the
inner-diameter side of the rollers 33 due to the fit between each
of the bevel sections 63, 64, the outer peripheral surface of the
clutch inner ring 29 presses the rollers 33 against the inner
peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30. Therefore, the
rollers 33 receive a reaction force from the inner peripheral
surface of the clutch outer ring 30 and the inclined surfaces of
the concave sections 14 of the cam surface 31 formed around the
inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30 presses the
rollers 33 in directions orthogonal to the inclined surfaces. Also,
of this force in the orthogonal direction, the component force
acting in the circumferential direction of the clutch outer ring 30
moves the rollers 33 against the elastic force of the springs 13,
and as shown by the dashed line in FIG. 28, the rollers 33 move
into a specified location in the circumferential direction between
the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30 and the
outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29, or in other
words, the section where the space between these two surfaces
coincides with the diameter D.sub.33 of the rollers 33. In this
stat, the roller clutch 61a is completely assembled.
[0218] Also, when assembling the pulley apparatus 59 (see FIG. 25)
in which this assembled roller clutch 61a has been installed, the
clutch outer ring 30 is tightly fitted into the pulley element 17
through interference fit (see FIG. 25), and the clutch inner ring
29 is tightly fitted onto the sleeve 60 through interference fit
(see FIG. 25). In this state, the roller clutch 61a is assembled
between the inner peripheral surface in the middle section of the
pulley element 17 and the outer peripheral surface in the middle
section of the sleeve 60.
[0219] Moreover, a pair of ball bearings 19 (see FIG. 25) are
installed between the inner peripheral surface on both ends in the
axial direction of the pulley element 17 and the outer peripheral
surface on both ends in the axial direction of the sleeve 60 so
that they are located on both sides in the axial direction of the
roller clutch 61a. In this state, the pulley apparatus 59 is
completely assembled.
[0220] In the case of the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting the engine of an idling-stop
vehicle of this embodiment assembled as described above, bevel
sections 63, 64 are formed on the outer peripheral edges of ends in
the axial direction of the rollers 33 and ends in the axial
direction of the clutch inner ring 29. Also, in the state where the
rollers 33 are held in the clutch retainer 34, and each of these
rollers 33 is pressed by the springs 13 located in the clutch
retainer 34 toward part of the pockets 37, and where the clutch
retainer 34 is placed concentric with the clutch inner ring 29, the
amount .delta. that the rollers 33 move further toward the
inner-diameter side than the clutch track formed around the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 is less than the
total of the width W.sub.1 in the radial direction of the bevel
sections 63 on the ends of the rollers 33, and the width W.sub.2 of
the bevel sections 64 on the end of the clutch inner ring 29
(.delta.<W.sub.1+W.sub.2). Therefore, in this example, with the
rollers 33 held in the clutch retainer 34, the work of inserting
the clutch inner ring 29 into the inner-diameter side of the
rollers 33 can be performed smoothly. Moreover, it is possible to
prevent the rollers 33 from falling out of place into the
inner-diameter side of the clutch retainer 34 due to interference
between the ends in the axial direction of the rollers 33 and the
end in the axial direction of the clutch inner ring 29. Therefore,
the work of assembling the roller clutch that is installed in the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine of this embodiment can be simplified. As a
result, with the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting the engine of an idling-stop vehicle in
which this roller clutch is installed, it is possible to prevent
the rollers from falling out of place, and assembly work can be
performed easily even when the elastic force of the springs 13 is
large.
[0221] The other construction and function are substantially the
same as in the case of the fourteenth example shown in FIGS. 25 to
27, so any redundant explanation is omitted.
[0222] Next, FIG. 30 shows a sixteenth example of the embodiment of
the invention. In this example, of the opening sections of the
pockets 37 of the clutch retainer 34, the width L.sub.37 in the
circumferential direction of the opening in the inner-diameter side
of the clutch retainer 34 is less than the diameter D.sub.33 of the
rollers 33 (L.sub.37<D.sub.33). In this kind of example, when
the rollers 33 are held in pockets 37, the rollers 33 cannot pass
through the opening on the inner-diameter side. Therefore, when
fitting the clutch inner ring 29 on the inner-diameter side of the
rollers 33 with the rollers 33 held in the clutch retainer 34 (see
FIGS. 25, 28 and 29), it is possible to prevent the rollers 33 from
falling into the inner-diameter side of the clutch retainer 34 even
when there is interference with part of the rollers 33 and part of
the clutch inner ring 29. Therefore, in this example as well,
similar to in the case of the fifteenth example described above
using FIGS. 28 and 29, the work of assembling the roller clutch 61a
can be performed easily. As a result, in the case of the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting the engine of an idling-stop vehicle in which this roller
clutch is installed, it is possible to perform assembly work easily
even when the elastic force of the springs 13 is large.
[0223] The other construction and functions are substantially the
same as in the case of the fifteenth example shown in FIGS. 28 and
29 described above, so any redundant explanation is omitted. The
shape of the clutch retainer 34 is not limited to the shape shown
in the figure, and various shapes could be used as long as of the
opening section of the pockets 37, the width in the circumferential
direction of the opening on the inner-diameter side of the clutch
retainer 34 is less than diameter of the roller 33.
[0224] Next, FIG. 31 shows a seventeenth example of the embodiment
of the invention. In this example, the location where the rolling
contact surface of the rollers 33 of the roller clutch 61b comes in
contact with the springs 13 is regulated by the relationship with
the direction of movement of the rollers 33. In other words, the
state in which the rollers 33 are held between the cam surface 53
of the clutch outer ring 30 and the outer peripheral surface of the
clutch inner ring 29 and these rollers 33 move along the concave
sections 14 of the cam surface 53 to the deep sides of the concave
sections 14 is considered. With respect to the direction of
movement (direction shown by the arrow X in FIG. 31) of the center
axis O of the rollers 33 in this state, the dimensions of each
section are regulated such that the tip edge of the springs 13
comes in contact with the rolling contact surface of the rollers 33
at a position (position indicated by the point Q in FIG. 31)
further on the inside in the radial direction of the clutch
retainer 34 than the position (position indicated by the point P in
FIG. 31) on the front end of the rolling contact surface of the
rollers 33. Also, in this example, when the rollers 33 are held
between the cam surface 53 on the clutch outer ring 30 and the
outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29, the direction
that the springs 13 press the rollers 33 coincides with the
tangential direction in the circumferential direction of the clutch
retainer 34.
[0225] With the construction of this example, the direction that
the springs 13 press the rollers 33 in the locked state (direction
indicated by the Y arrow in FIG. 31) is inclined in the direction
that a component force is produced to press the rollers 33 in the
concave section 14 with respect to the direction of movement
(direction indicated by the arrow X in FIG. 31) of the center axis
O of the rollers 33 when the rollers 33 move from the locked state
along the concave sections 14 to the deep side of the concave
sections 14. Therefore, in this example, when changing from the
locked state to the overrun state, the rollers 33 are moved easily
along the concave sections 14 to the deep side of the concave
sections 14 by the centrifugal force even when the elastic force of
the springs 13 used in the engine-starting apparatus for an
idling-stop vehicle is large. Therefore, in the overrun state, it
is possible to prevent sliding contact between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the
clutch inner ring 29, and thus it is possible to suppress the
occurrence of friction heat and friction loss. Therefore, it is
possible to improve the durability and performance of the roller
clutch 61b of this example. As a result, with the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting the engine of an idling-stop vehicle in which this roller
clutch 61b is installed, it is possible to improve durability and
performance even when springs 13 having a large elastic force are
used.
[0226] The other construction and function are substantially the
same as in the fourteenth example shown in FIGS. 25 to 27 described
above, so any redundant explanation is omitted.
[0227] In each of the examples described above, the case in which
the clutch outer ring 30 and clutch inner ring 29 of the roller
clutch 61, 61a, 61b are separate from the pulley element 17 and
sleeve 60 (see FIG. 25, etc.), and fitted around the inner
peripheral surface of the pulley element 17 and around the outer
peripheral surface of the sleeve 60 was explained. However, in the
fourteenth to seventeenth examples shown in FIGS. 25 to 31
described above, construction is not limited to this, and
construction is possible in which the clutch outer ring is
integrated into one member with the pulley element, and the clutch
inner ring is integrated into one member with the sleeve. In this
case, the pulley element becomes the outer member and the sleeve
becomes the inner member.
[0228] Moreover, in the fourteenth to the seventeenth examples
shown in FIGS. 25 to 31 above, the case in which the roller clutch
is assembled in a pulley apparatus 59, which is a
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting the engine of an idling-stop vehicle was explained. In
other words, the roller clutch described in the fourteenth to the
seventeenth examples above is used in a starting apparatus that
starts the engine of an idling-stop vehicle. However, the use of
the roller clutch assembled in the fourteenth to the seventeenth
examples above is not limited to this. For example, in other
rotation-transmission units for auxiliary drive apparatuses, where
the retainer rotates at high speed for a long time during
operation, and where there is a large torque transmitted between
the clutch inner ring 29 and clutch outer ring 30 in the locked
state, use of the roller clutch assembled in the fourteenth to the
seventeenth examples above is effective. For example, in an
idling-stop vehicle, the roller clutch of the fourteenth to the
seventeenth examples above can be assembled between the inner
peripheral surface of the rotating member that rotates together
with the rotating shaft of a compressor and the outer peripheral
surface of a sleeve that rotates together with the rotating shaft
of the auxiliary drive motor when starting the compressor of a
air-conditioning apparatus when the engine is stopped. A summary of
the construction of the kind of roller clutch described in the
fourteenth to the seventeenth examples above (first to fifth roller
clutches) and a rotation-transmission unit for an auxiliary drive
is given below.
[0229] First, similar to the second and third examples of a prior
art roller clutch shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, the first to the fifth
roller clutches each comprise: an outer member; an inner member
that is located on the inner-diameter side of the outer member; a
cam surface that is located around the inner peripheral surface of
the outer member and that has concave sections at a plurality of
locations in the circumferential direction and whose depth
gradually decreases in one direction with respect to the
circumferential direction; a plurality of rollers that are located
in the cylindrical space between the inner peripheral surface of
the outer member and the outer peripheral surface of the inner
member; a retainer that holds these rollers; and a plurality of
elastic members that have a base supported by part of the retainer,
respectively, to press these rollers toward a section inside the
cylindrical space where the thickness in the radial direction
becomes narrow. Particularly, the first roller clutch comprises a
plurality of protruding supports that protrude in the radial
direction and that are provided on the outer peripheral surface in
the middle section in the axial direction of the retainer at a
location to face the side surface of the base of the elastic
members; and eave sections that are located on the side surfaces of
the protruding supports, respectively, on the side to face the side
surfaces of the bases of the elastic members and are located
further toward the outer-diameter side than the side surfaces of
the bases to protrude out from the base side of the elastic
members. Also, the protruding length that these eaves protrude out
from the side surface of the protruding supports is greater than
the thickness of a section of the base of the elastic members that
faces this side surface.
[0230] Also, in the second roller clutch, bevel sections are formed
on the outer peripheral edges of the end surfaces in the axial
direction of the respective rollers, and/or the end surfaces in the
axial direction of the inner member. When the rollers are held in
pockets that are located at a plurality of locations in the
circumferential direction of the retainer, respectively, such that
the elastic force of the elastic members presses them toward part
of the pocket, and when the inner member is located on the same
axis line as the retainer at a location separated from the rollers
in the axial direction, the amount that the rollers move further
toward the inner-diameter side than the clutch track formed around
the outer peripheral surface of this inner member is less than the
total of the width in the radial direction of the bevel sections on
the end sections of the rollers and the width in the radial
direction of the bevel section on the end section of the inner
member.
[0231] Moreover, in the third roller clutch, of the opening
sections of the plurality of pockets located at a plurality of
locations in the circumferential direction of the retainer for
holding the rollers, the width in the circumferential direction of
the opening on the inner-diameter side is less than the diameter of
the rollers.
[0232] Also, in the fourth roller clutch, when the rollers are held
between the cam surface and the outer peripheral surface of the
inner member and these rollers move along the concave sections to
the deep side of the concave sections, the elastic members come in
contact with the rolling contact surface of the rollers at a
location further on the inside in the radial direction of the
retainer than the front end of the rolling contact surface of the
rollers in the direction of movement of the center axis of the
rollers.
[0233] Furthermore, the fifth roller clutch is the first to fourth
roller clutches in which the retainer is made of synthetic
resin.
[0234] Also, the rotation-transmission unit for an auxiliary drive
comprises; a rotating member that rotates together with the
rotating shaft of the engine or auxiliary device; a sleeve that
rotates together with the rotating shaft of the auxiliary device or
auxiliary-drive motor such as a starter motor; and one of the
aforementioned first to fifth roller clutches that is located
between the inner peripheral surface of the rotating member and the
outer peripheral surface of the sleeve.
[0235] With the first to fifth roller clutches and the
rotation-transmission unit for an auxiliary drive described above,
it is possible to prevent problems that occur when the retainer
rotates at high speed for a long time during operation and when
elastic members having a large spring force are used as in the case
when assembled in an engine-starting apparatus for an idling-stop
vehicle.
[0236] First, in the case of the first roller clutch, together with
forming eave sections on the side surfaces of the protruding
supports that face the bases of the elastic members in a section
that is located further on outer-diameter side than the bases, the
protruding length that the eave section protrude from the side
surfaces of the protruding supports is greater than the thickness
of the portions of the bases that face the side surfaces.
Therefore, even when a large centrifugal force acts on the elastic
members during operation due to the high-speed rotation of the
retainer, it is possible to prevent the elastic members from coming
out of place or shifting toward the outer-diameter side with
respect to the protruding supports, and thus it is possible to
improve the reliability of the roller clutch. As a result, when the
rotation-transmission unit for an auxiliary drive in which this
roller clutch is assembled is used as an engine-starting apparatus
for an idling-stop vehicle, even when the retainer continues to
rotate at high speed for a long time together with the outer member
and there is a tendency for the elastic member to easily shift
toward the outer-diameter side, it is possible to prevent this
shifting radially toward the outside and to improve reliability and
durability.
[0237] Also, in the case of the second and third roller clutches,
when inserting the inner member into the inner-diameter side of the
plurality of rollers after the retainer and plurality of rollers
have been assembled, it is possible to prevent the rollers from
falling into the inner-diameter side of the retainer due to
interference between the end surfaces in the axial direction of the
rollers and the end surface in the axial direction of the inner
member. Therefore, the work of assembling the roller clutch is
simplified. As a result, when the rotation-transmission unit for an
auxiliary drive in which this roller clutch is assembled is used as
an engine-starting apparatus for an idling-stop vehicle, it is
possible to prevent the rollers from falling out even when elastic
members having a large elastic force are used, and to simplify the
work of assembly.
[0238] Moreover, in the case of the fourth roller clutch, when
changing from the locked state to the overrun state even when the
elastic force of the elastic members is large, the rollers move
easily along the concave section formed in the cam surface on the
inner peripheral surface of the outer member to the deep side of
the concave section due to the centrifugal force. Therefore, in the
overrun state, it is possible to prevent sliding contact from being
kept between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers and the
outer peripheral surface of the inner member, and to suppress the
occurrence of friction heat and friction loss. Therefore, it is
possible to improve the durability and performance of the roller
clutch. As a result, when the rotation-transmission unit for an
auxiliary drive in which this roller clutch is assembled is used as
an engine-starting apparatus for an idling-stop vehicle, it is
possible to improve the durability and performance even when
elastic members having a large elastic force are used.
[0239] Furthermore, the rotation-transmission apparatus for an
auxiliary drive in which the fifth roller clutch is assembled makes
it possible to reduce the weight as well as simplify manufacturing
of the apparatus.
[0240] In this way, the rotation-transmission apparatus for an
auxiliary drive in which the first to the fifth roller clutches are
assembled make it possible to prevent problems that occur when the
retainer rotates at high speed for a long time during operation,
and when the elastic force of the elastic members used is
large.
[0241] Next, FIGS. 34 to 36 show an eighteenth example of the
embodiment of the invention, FIG. 37 shows a nineteenth example of
the invention, FIG. 38 shows a twentieth example of the invention,
FIG. 39 shows a twenty first example of the invention, and FIG. 40
shows a twenty second example of the invention. Each of these
examples was invented to maintain sufficient durability of a
rotation-transmission apparatus with a built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine, and more specifically with the object of
solving the following problems.
[0242] In other words, in recent years idling-stop vehicles as
described above are in part actually being used. Moreover, in order
to provide specified functions to the engine-starting apparatus of
this kind of idling-stop vehicle, the use of an apparatus with a
built-in one-way clutch, such as the roller clutch 8 shown in FIG.
56 and described above, is considered as the drive-pulley apparatus
6 (see FIG. 55) that is located on the end of the rotation-drive
shaft of a starter motor 4. This roller clutch 8 comprises a inner
ring 9 and outer ring 10 that are arranged such that they are
concentric with each other, and a retainer 11 and plurality of
rollers 12 and springs 13 that are located between the outer
peripheral surface of the inner ring 9 and the inner peripheral
surface of the outer ring 10. Also, the outer peripheral surface of
the inner ring 9 is a cam surface having a plurality of concave
sections 14 called ramps, and the inner peripheral surface of the
outer ring 10 is a simple cylindrical surface. Moreover, the
springs 13 used for pressing the rollers 12, can be plate springs
13 that are bent into a triangular hook shape as shown in FIG. 41,
plate springs 13a that are bent into an angular channel shape as
shown in FIG. 42, or even plate springs 13b that are bent into and
`S` shape as shown in FIG. 43.
[0243] However, in the case of the roller clutch 8 described above,
in the overrun state where rotation force is not transmitted, or in
other words, in the state where the springs 13, 13a, 13b are
pressed by the rollers 12, uneven wear and heat can occur due to
partial sliding between the rollers 12 and the inner peripheral
surface of the outer ring 10 when the attitude of the rollers 12
shift from the normal position in a direction that the center axis
is tilted (skewed), and this could lead to premature life of the
rollers 12 or outer ring 10. Particularly, in the case when the
roller clutch 8 that is assembled in an engine-starting apparatus
for the idling-stop vehicle described above is used for a long time
in the overrun state where rotation force is not transmitted,
preventing this kind of skew of the rollers 12 is important from
the aspect of maintaining durability (lengthening life). Even in
the locked state in which rotation force is transmitted, this kind
of skew of the rollers 12 could cause problems such as making it
difficult for the rollers 12 to fit properly between the outer
peripheral surface of the inner ring 9 and the inner peripheral
surface of the outer ring 10, making it such that a specified
amount of power cannot be transmitted between the inner ring 9 and
outer ring 10, and making it easy for large surface pressure to be
applied causing damage as early flaking, and is not desirable.
[0244] In the case of the triangular hook shaped spring 13 shown in
FIG. 41, in the overrun state when the rotation force is not
transmitted, or in other words, when the rollers 12 press by the
springs, the space L in the axial direction between the points of
contact between the pair of pressure sections 66 of these springs
13 and the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers becomes small
(short). When this space L between the points of contact becomes
small, the rigidity (moment rigidity) of the springs 13 that
suppresses the moment load (force causing skew to occur) applied to
the rollers 12 drops, and due to unavoidable errors in dimensions
in these springs 13, it becomes easy for the direction that the
springs 13 press the rollers 12 to shift from the proper direction.
When the direction shifts, a moment is applied to the rollers 12 in
a direction that tilts the rollers 12. As a result, it becomes easy
for the rollers 12 to become skewed. Also, when these rollers 12
are skewed, there is a possibility that the springs 13 will be
unable to provide sufficient pressure to restore the attitude of
the rollers to the proper position. Therefore, there is a
possibility that the problems described above may occur due to skew
of the rollers 12 and lead to early life of the roller clutch.
[0245] Also, in the case of the springs 13a bent into an angular
channel shape as shown in FIG. 42, in the overrun state in which
the rotation force is not transmitted, or in other words, the state
in which the rollers 12 press the springs 13a, there is a
possibility that large tensile stress will be applied at the
connecting areas between the main part 67 of the springs 13a and
the pressure sections 66a. When this kind of large tensile stress
is applied to the connecting areas in this way, there is a
possibility of plastic deformation of these connecting areas, and
when plastic deformation occurs, the proper amount of pressure is
not applied to the rollers 12. Also, due to the positional
relationship between the points of contact .alpha. between the
pressure sections 66a of the springs 13a and the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 12 and the center of gravity G of the
rollers 12, there is a possibility that a moment will be applied to
the rollers 12, which makes it easy for the rollers 12 to become
skewed. Therefore, there is a possibility that the problems
described above may occur due to skew of the rollers 12 and lead to
early life of the roller clutch.
[0246] Moreover, in the case of the springs 13b that are bent into
an `S` shape as shown in FIG. 43, there is normally linear contact
between the springs 13b and the rollers 12, however, when these
rollers 12 become even a little skewed, the contact between the
springs 13b and rollers 12 becomes point contact. Also, together
with that, it is difficult for the location of the contact between
the springs 13b and the rollers 12 to be constant, and the
locations of each of the contact points is always changing. As a
result, the direction that pressure is applied by the springs 13b
becomes shifted from the direction of the center of gravity of the
rollers 12, and thus a moment is applied to the rollers 12 and
there is a possibility that tilt angle of the rollers 12 will
become large. Therefore, there is a possibility that problems
described above may occur due to skew of the rollers 12 and lead to
early life of the roller clutch.
[0247] The eighteenth to twenty-second examples of the embodiment
of the invention shown in FIGS. 34 to 40 take the aforementioned
problems into consideration, and by preventing skew of the rollers
during the overrun state (state when the rollers press the
springs), provide a rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine having excellent durability
(long life).
[0248] First, FIGS. 34 to 36 show an eighteenth example of the
embodiment of the invention. The rotation-transmission apparatus
with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine of this
embodiment is pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch, and the
case of using it as the drive-pulley apparatus 6 for transmitting
the rotation of the rotation-drive shaft 5 of the starter motor 4
to the endless belt 7 in the engine-starting apparatus for the
idling-stop vehicle shown in FIG. 55 will be explained. The
drive-pulley apparatus 6 assembled in this kind of engine-starting
apparatus transmits the rotation of the rotation-drive shaft 5 to
the endless belt 7 when electric power flows to the starter motor
4, however, after the engine 1 starts and the endless belt 7 is
driven by the engine 1, it does not transmit power from the endless
belt 7 to the rotation-drive shaft 5.
[0249] The pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch that is
used as this kind of drive-pulley apparatus comprises a pulley
element 17 (see FIG. 25) around whose outer peripheral surface the
endless belt 7 is placed, and a sleeve 60 (see FIG. 25) that is
fitted and fixed onto the tip end of the rotation-drive shaft 5,
that are located such that they are concentric with each other.
Also, as in the first example in FIGS. 1 to 5, a pair of
deep-groove type ball bearings 19 as support bearings, and a roller
clutch 61c are located between the outer peripheral surface of the
sleeve 60 and the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element
17. In order to install these ball bearings 19 and roller clutch
61c, the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element 17 and the
outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 60 are simple cylindrical
surfaces. However, in order to position the ball bearings 19 and
roller clutch 61 in the axial direction, a stepped section in the
radial direction may be formed around the inner peripheral surface
of the pulley element 17 and/or outer peripheral surface of the
sleeve 60. Also, the outer races 24 (see FIG. 1) of the ball
bearings 19 are fitted and fixed around the inner peripheral
surface near both ends of the pulley element 17 through
interference fit, and the inner races 26 (see FIG. 1) are fitted
and fixed around the outer peripheral surface near both ends of the
sleeve 60 through interference fit. Differing from the case of the
first example, the ball bearings 19 may be constructed without
having a pair of seal rings 28a, 28b (see FIG. 1) on the ends in
the axial direction.
[0250] Moreover, the roller clutch 61c transmits rotation force
between the pulley element 17 and sleeve 60 only when there is a
tendency for the pulley element 17 to rotate in a specified
direction relative to the sleeve 60. To construct this kind of
roller clutch 61c, the clutch inner ring 29 is tightly fitted and
fastened around the middle section of the outer peripheral surface
of the sleeve 60. This clutch inner ring 29 is made into a
generally cylindrical shape by plastic working such as pressing of
steel plate such as carburized steel, and the inner and outer
peripheral surfaces are both simple cylindrical surfaces. The
sleeve 60 and clutch inner ring 29 could also be integrated into
one member.
[0251] On the other hand, the clutch outer ring 30 is tightly
fitted and fastened around the inner peripheral surface in the
middle of the pulley element 17, and the inner peripheral surface
of the clutch outer ring 30 is a cam surface 31. In other words,
the inner peripheral surface of this clutch outer ring 30 is made
into a cam surface 31 by forming a plurality of concave section 14,
called ramp sections, on the inner peripheral surface such that
they are evenly spaced in the circumferential direction. This kind
of clutch outer ring 30 is also formed into a generally cylindrical
shape by plastic working such as pressing of steel plate such as
carburized steel. The pulley element 17 and the clutch outer ring
30 could also be integrated into a single member.
[0252] The rollers 33, which together with the clutch inner ring 29
and clutch outer ring 30 make up the roller clutch 61c, are
supported such that they can roll freely and move a little in the
circumferential direction by a clutch retainer 34 that is fastened
to the clutch outer ring 30 such it cannot rotate with respect to
the clutch outer ring 30. This clutch retainer 34 is made of
synthetic resin (for example, a synthetic resin or plastic such as
polyamide 66, polyamide 46, polyphenylene sulfide that is mixed 20%
with glass fibers) and formed into a cage-type cylindrical shape,
and comprises a pair of circular-ring shaped rim sections 35, and a
plurality of column sections 36a that connect the rim sections 35
to each other.
[0253] The sections surrounded on four sides by the inside surfaces
of the rim sections 35 and the circumferential side surfaces of the
column sections 36 form pockets 37 for holding the rollers 33 such
that they can roll freely and move a little in the circumferential
direction. Also, convex sections 38 that are formed at a plurality
of locations on the outer peripheral surface of the rim sections 35
are engaged with the concave sections 14 that are formed on the
inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30 as shown in
FIG. 35, so that the clutch retainer 34 is mounted to the clutch
outer ring 30 such that it does not rotate relative to the clutch
outer ring 30. Also, by holding the clutch retainer 34 on both
sides in the axial direction by inward facing collar sections 39a,
39b that are formed on both end sections in the axial direction of
the clutch outer ring 30 (see FIG. 25), the clutch retainer 34 does
not move in the axial direction with respect to the clutch outer
ring 30.
[0254] Moreover, springs 68 are mounted as shown in FIGS. 34 to 36
on one side surface in the circumferential direction of the column
sections 36 of the clutch retainer 34. The springs 68 located on
the column sections 36 elastically press the rollers 33 that are
held in the pockets 37 in the same circumferential direction
(counterclockwise direction, or left direction in FIG. 35, upward
in FIG. 36) of the clutch retainer 34 in cylindrical space between
the inner peripheral surface of the cam surface 31 and the outer
peripheral surface (cylindrical surface) of the clutch inner ring
29 toward the section where the width in the radial direction
becomes narrow. In FIG. 34, in order to recognize easily the
existence of the springs, the springs 68 are drawn as compression
coils springs, however, actually, as shown in FIGS. 35 to 36,
springs 68 assembled are made bending plate steel such as stainless
steel plate. This example differs from the fourteenth example shown
in FIGS. 25 to 27, in that there are no protruding eave sections 62
(see FIGS. 26 and 27) that protrude from one side in the
circumferential direction on part of the column sections 36 of the
clutch retainer 34.
[0255] Particularly, the springs 68 of this example comprise a main
section 69 that comes in contact with the column section 36 of the
clutch retainer 34, and a pair pressure sections 70 whose base ends
are continued to both ends of the main section 69. Of these, the
pressure sections 70 are curved from the base ends to the tip ends,
and when they are in contact with the rolling contact surfaces of
the rollers 33, they are independently expand and contract. Also,
as shown in FIG. 36(a) and FIG. 36(b), the location in the axial
direction of the center of gravity G of the rollers 33 is located
between the points of contact .alpha. (furthest outside point)
where the pressure sections 70 come in contact with the rolling
contact surface of the roller 33. Also, as shown in FIG. 36(b),
when the pressure sections 70 are pressed by the rollers 33, the
length L.sub.1 in the axial direction between the points of contact
.alpha. (furthest outside point) where the pressure sections 70
come in contact with the rolling contact surface of the rollers 33
is half or greater than the length L.sub.2 in the axial direction
of the rollers 33 (L.sub.1.gtoreq.(L.sub.2/2)).
[0256] In the roller clutch 61c constructed as described above,
when there is a tendency for relative rotation in a specified
direction of the pulley element 17 and sleeve 60, or in other
words, when there is a tendency for the sleeve 60 to rotate
relative to the pulley element 17 in the direction that springs 68
are pressing the rollers 33 respectively (the left direction or
counterclockwise direction in FIG. 35), the rollers 33 are wedged
into the section in the substantially cylindrical space between the
outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the inner
peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30 where the width in
the radial direction becomes narrow. Also, relative rotation
between the sleeve 60 and the pulley element 17 becomes impossible
(locked state). On the other hand, when there is a tendency for
relative rotation of the pulley element 17 and the sleeve 60 in the
direction opposite to the specified direction, or in other words
when there is a tendency for relative rotation in the direction
opposite to the direction the springs 68 are pressing the rollers
33 (right direction or clockwise direction in FIG. 35), the rollers
33 move back against the elastic force of the springs 68 into the
section in the substantially cylindrical space where the width in
the radial direction is wide, and the pulley 17 freely rotates
relative to the sleeve 60 (overrun state).
[0257] With the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine of this example assembled with
the roller clutch 61c constructed as described above, in the
overrun state, or when the rollers 33 press the springs 68, it is
possible to prevent the attitude of the rollers 33 from shifting in
a direction such that the center axis tilts (becomes skewed).
Therefore, it is possible to prevent uneven wear or abnormal heat
due to the skew of the rollers 33, and thus it possible to improve
the durability (long life) of the roller clutch 61c and the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch for
starting an engine that is assembled with this roller clutch
61c.
[0258] In other words, in this embodiment, the springs 68 that
press the rollers 33 come in contact with the rollers at two points
separated in the axial direction by the pair of pressure sections
70 of these springs 68 respectively. Therefore, even when the
location of the contact between the pressure sections 70 and the
rollers 33 changes a little, it is possible to prevent large
changes in the force or moment applied to the rollers 33, and thus
it is possible to keep the attitude of the rollers 33 in the proper
position. In other words, in the case of the `S` shaped spring 13b
shown in FIG. 43, the springs 13b and the rollers 12 come in
contact at one point (linear contact) respectively, however it is
rare that the springs 13b and the rollers 12 will come in proper
linear contact, and when the rollers 12 become even a little
skewed, the contact state changes from linear contact to point
contact. Therefore, the pressure force of the springs 13b is shift
in the direction of the center of gravity of the rollers 12, and it
becomes easy for a moment to be applied to the rollers 12, and it
becomes easy for the inclination of the rollers 12 to increase. On
the other hand, in the case of this example, as described above,
the rollers 33 and the springs 68 come in contact with each other
at two points separated in the axial direction by the pair of
pressure sections 70 of the springs 68, so it is possible to keep
the attitude of the rollers 33 at a proper position.
[0259] Also, since springs 68 and rollers 33 come in contact with
each other at two points by the pair of pressure sections 70 of the
springs 68, it is possible for these pressure sections 70 to
independently expand and contract. Therefore, in the case that the
rollers 33 become skewed, a large reaction force occurs in the
pressure section 70 in which the amount of displacement (amount of
expansion or contraction) is large. As a result, a moment is
applied to the rollers 33 that returns the rollers 33 to the proper
position, and thus it is possible to keep the position of the
rollers 33 at the proper position. Also, since the location in the
axial direction of the center of gravity G of the rollers 33 is
located between the points of contact .alpha. (furthest outside)
between the pressure sections 70 and the rollers 33 respectively,
it is possible to prevent the relationship between the center of
gravity G of the rollers and the direction of pressure of the
pressure sections 70 from becoming improper. As a result, it is
possible to prevent a moment from being applied to the rollers 33,
and it is possible to prevent the rollers 33 from becoming
skewed.
[0260] Moreover, when the pressure sections 70 are pressed by the
rollers 33, the space L.sub.1 in the axial direction between the
points of contact .alpha. (furthest outside) between the pressure
sections 70 and the rollers 33 is half or greater than the length
L.sub.2 in the axial direction of the rollers 33
(L.sub.1.gtoreq.L.sub.2/2), so no matter how the attitude of the
roller 33 changes, or no matter how the pressure sections 70 are
pressed by the rollers 33, the center of gravity G of the rollers
33 is always located between the points of contact .alpha..
Therefore, since the rollers 33 come in contact with the springs 28
at two points, it is possible to maintain sufficient stabilizing
action on the attitude of rollers 33, and thus it is possible to
keep the attitude of the rollers 33 proper.
[0261] Furthermore, since the pressure sections 70 are curved from
the base end to the tip end, in either the case where the pressure
sections 70 face inward as in this example (the pair of pressure
sections 70 are curved in a direction toward each other), or the
case where the pressure sections 70a face outward as in the
nineteenth example of the invention shown in FIG. 37 (the pair of
pressure sections 70a are curved in a direction away from each
other), it is possible to maintain sufficient pressure force of the
pressure sections 70, 70a.
[0262] In other words, when the pressure sections 70 face inward as
in this example, even when the pressure sections 70 are deformed by
being pressed by the rollers 33, it is difficult for the space
L.sub.1 in the axial direction between the points of contact
.alpha. between the pressure sections 70 and rollers 33 to become
smaller. Also, when the pressure sections 70 elastically deform,
the points of contact .alpha. between the pressure sections 70 and
rollers 33 move toward the side of base end of the pressure
sections 70, so the apparent length of the pressure sections 70
becomes shorter, and the spring constant becomes greater.
Therefore, the pressure force of the pressure sections 70 becomes
greater and thus the force for restoring the tilt of the rollers 33
is increased.
[0263] On the other hand, when the pressure sections 70a face
outward as in the nineteenth example of the invention shown in FIG.
37, it is possible to reduce the tensile stress that is applied at
the area where the pressure sections 70a connect with the main
section 69, and thus it is possible to prevent a loss in pressure
force due to plastic deformation at these connecting areas. In
other words, when the pressure sections 70a are pressed by the
rollers 33 there is a tendency for elastic deformation to occur in
not only the connecting areas but in the curved sections of the
pressure sections 70a as well. Therefore, as a result of being able
to also apply a pressure force to the rollers 33 by the curved
section of the pressure sections 70a, it is possible to reduce the
accumulation of tensile stress at the connecting areas. Also, when
the pressure sections 70a elastically deform, the locations of
contact between the pressure sections 70a and the rollers 33 move
toward the side of base end of the pressure sections 70a, so the
apparent length of the pressure sections 70 becomes shorter, and
thus the spring constant becomes larger. Therefore, as in the case
when the pressure sections 70 face inward as shown in FIG. 36, the
pressure force of the pressure sections 70a becomes larger, and
thus the force for restoring the tilt of the rollers 33 is
increased.
[0264] In the case where the rotation-transmission apparatus with
built-in roller clutch for starting an engine of the eighteenth and
nineteenth examples constructed as described above and assembled
with the roller clutch 61c described above is used as the
drive-pulley apparatus 6 of the engine-starting apparatus for the
idling-stop vehicle shown in FIG. 55, when the roller clutch 61c is
in the overrun state, the rollers 33 are pressed by the column
sections 36 of the clutch retainer 34 and the springs 68 to rotate
together with the clutch outer ring 30 fastened on the inside of
the pulley element 17 (see FIG. 25). However, when the rpm of this
clutch outer ring 30 is less than the rpm required for starting the
engine 1 (see FIG. 55) (speed after the gear ratio of the belt
transmission mechanism is multiplied to 400 rpm to 500 rpm, for
example in the case of a gasoline engine), the centrifugal force
that acts on the rollers 33 is not enough to compress the springs
68. Also, when starting the engine 1, a force is applied to the
rollers 33 from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
ring 29 in the same direction as the elastic force of the springs
68. Therefore, when starting the engine 1, the rollers 33 move in
the space between the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner
ring 29 and the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring
30 toward the section where the width becomes narrow, and the
roller clutch 61 is securely set into the locked state.
[0265] On the other hand, when the engine 1 starts and the rpm of
the clutch outer ring 30 becomes greater than the rpm for idling of
the engine 1 (speed after the gear ratio of the belt transmission
mechanism is multiplied to 700 rpm to 800 rpm, for example in the
case of a gasoline engine), not only is the connection of the
roller clutch 61c broken (the overrun state is set), but the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 of the roller clutch 61c
become separated from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch
inner ring 29.
[0266] In other words, when the engine 1 is rotating, a centrifugal
force acts on the rollers 33, and the rollers 33 are pushed against
the bottom surface of the concave sections 14. The bottom surface
of the concave sections 14 is inclined, so the rollers 33 have a
tendency to move in the direction to press the springs 68 (to
compress the springs 68). Also, after the engine 1 has started,
electric power stops flowing to the starter motor 4 and the clutch
inner ring 29 stops, so that the force trying to move the rollers
33 in the counterclockwise direction of FIGS. 34 and 35 is just the
elastic force of the springs 68.
[0267] In this state, the centrifugal force increases as the
rotation force increases, and when the size of this component force
becomes larger than the elastic force of the springs 68, the
rollers 33 compress the springs 68 and move toward the deep section
of the concave sections 32. As a result, as described above, the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 separate from the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29. As described above,
when the springs 68 are compressed by the rollers 33, it is
possible to prevent the rollers 33 from becoming skewed, so it is
possible to prevent increase in friction loss, uneven wear and
abnormal heat due to this kind of skewing, and thus it is possible
to improve the durability (long life) of the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine.
Particularly, in the overrun state described above, the force
applied to the rollers 33 is the pressure force of the springs 68
and the centrifugal force that resists is pressure force, and
furthermore, the friction force from the outer peripheral surface
of the clutch inner ring 29 when rotating a low speed, however, in
the eighteenth and nineteenth examples, the skew of the rollers 33
is prevented regardless of the uneven friction force received from
the outer peripheral surface of the roller clutch inner ring 29 and
the unavoidable dimension errors when manufacturing the springs 68,
so it is possible to prevent problems due to the skew.
[0268] The other construction and function are substantially the
same as in the fourteenth examples shown in FIGS. 25 to 27.
[0269] Next, FIG. 38 shows a twentieth example of the embodiment of
the invention. In this example, the area where the main section 69
and pair of pressure sections 70 of the springs 68 connect is
smooth. In this example, when the pressure sections 70 are pressed
by the rollers 33 to be elastically deformed, both ends of the area
of contact between the main section 69 and column section 36 of the
clutch retainer 34 (see FIGS. 34 and 35) move toward the tip end
side of the pressure sections 70. Therefore, the location of the
points of contact between the pressure sections 70 and the rollers
33 move toward the based end side of the pressure sections 70 and
the apparent length of the pressure sections 70 becomes short, and
thus it is possible to increase the force for restoring the tilt of
the rollers 33. The other construction and function are
substantially the same as in the eighteenth example shown in FIGS.
34 to 36.
[0270] Next, FIG. 39 shows a twenty-first example of the embodiment
of the invention. In this example, the pair of pressure sections
70b of the springs 68 are curved such that the radius of curvature
of the curve from the base end section to the tip end section of
the pressure sections 70b gradually decreases (the radius of
curvature gradually becomes smaller). In other words, the pressure
sections 70 are such that the amount of curvature becomes large
toward the tip end side. In this example, it is possible to reduce
the stress applied to the base end side of the pressure sections
70b, and to maintain the necessary pressure force without having to
increase the size of the springs 68b. In other words, the stress
applied to the pressure sections 70b increases near the base end
side and becomes larger the smaller the radius of curvature (larger
amount of curvature). On the other hand, in this example, by making
the radius of curvature at the base end side of the pressure
sections 70b large (small amount of curvature), the stress applied
at the base end side is small. Also, by making the radius of
curvature at the tip end side of the pressure sections 70b small
(large amount of curvature), the pressure force of these pressure
sections 70b is maintained. The other construction and function are
the same as in the eighteenth example shown in FIGS. 34 to 36.
[0271] Next, FIG. 40 shows a twenty-second example of the
embodiment of the invention. In this example, the main section 69
and pair of pressure sections 70b of the springs 68c are connected
by a smooth curve, and the radius of curvature of the curve from
the base end to the tip end of the pressure sections 70b gradually
decreases (amount of curvature gradually increases). In this
example, by regulating the space L.sub.33 in the axial direction
between the locations of contact between the pressure sections 70b
and the rollers 33 and the space L.sub.36 of the area of contact
between the main section 69 and the column section 36 of the clutch
retainer 34 (see FIGS. 34 and 35), it is possible to easily obtain
the desired spring characteristics. The other construction and
function are substantially the same as in the twentieth example
shown in FIG. 38 and the twenty-first example shown in FIG. 39.
[0272] In the eighteenth to twenty-second examples shown in FIGS.
34 to 40 and described above, the case in which the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch was
assembled and used in the engine-starting apparatus for an
idling-stop vehicle was explained. However, the use of the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch of the
eighteenth to twenty-second examples is not limited to the
engine-starting apparatus. Using the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch of the eighteenth to
twenty-second examples is effective in applications where the rpm
of the rotating member during the overrun state is greater than the
rpm of the rotating member in the locked state, and where the
operating time in the overrun time is a long time. As an example of
this kind of use is the auxiliary-drive apparatus such as a
compressor assembled in an idling-stop vehicle. Also, the operating
time in the overrun state is not long, however, use as the
drive-pulley apparatus, and the one-way clutch of this drive-pulley
apparatus, assembled in the drive apparatuses of auxiliary devices
such as an alternator or water pump is possible.
[0273] Each of the roller clutches described in the eighteenth to
twenty-second example above have two concentric members and were
used in the case where one of the member rotates in either
direction and where rotation is transmitted to the other member
only in one direction. Also, the pulley apparatus with built-in
roller clutch of the eighteenth to twenty-second examples assembled
with the roller clutch described above, can also be used for
transmitting the rotation of the engine crankshaft in an auxiliary
devices such as an alternator for various kind of engines. The
construction of the roller clutch and pulley apparatus with
built-in roller clutch of the eighteenth to twenty-second example
is summarized as follows.
[0274] First, the roller clutch of the eighteenth to twenty-second
examples comprises: a outer ring-like member, inner ring-like
member, cam surface, cylindrical surface, a plurality of rollers,
retainer and springs.
[0275] Of these, the inner ring-like member is located on the
inside of the outer ring-like member such that it is concentric
with the outer ring-like member.
[0276] The cam surface is uneven around in the circumferential
direction and is formed on either the inner peripheral surface of
the outer ring-like member or the outer peripheral surface of the
inner ring-like member.
[0277] The cylindrical surface is formed on the other surface; the
inner peripheral surface of the outer ring-like member or outer
peripheral surface of the inner ring-like member.
[0278] The rollers are located in the cylindrical space between the
cylindrical surface and the cam surface.
[0279] The retainer is supported inside the cylindrical space such
that it cannot rotate with respect to the member on which the cam
surface is formed, and it holds the plurality of rollers.
[0280] The springs are made of metal, are located between the
retainer and the rollers, and press the rollers in the same
circumferential direction.
[0281] Particularly, in the roller clutch of the eighteenth to
twenty-second examples above, the springs comprise a main section
that comes in contact with part of the retainer, and a pair of
pressure sections whose base ends are connected to both ends of the
main section. Of these, the pressure sections are curved from the
base end to the tip end, and when they come in contact with the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers, they expand and compress
independently. Also, the location in the axial direction of the
center of gravity of the rollers is located between the points of
contact between the pressure sections and the rolling contact
surface of the roller. Also, together with this, when the pressure
sections are pressed by the rollers, the space in the axial
direction between the points of contact between the pressure
sections and the rolling contact surface of the roller is half or
greater than the length in axial direction of the rollers.
[0282] Also, the pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch of
the eighteenth to twenty-second examples above comprises a sleeve,
pulley, radial rolling bearings, and roller clutch.
[0283] Of these, the sleeve is fitted and fastened onto the
rotating shaft.
[0284] Also, the pulley has a cylindrical shaped inner peripheral
surface, and it is located around the sleeve such that it is
concentric with the sleeve.
[0285] The radial rolling bearings are located between the outer
peripheral surface of the sleeve and the inner peripheral surface
of the pulley, and they support radial loads that are applied to
the pulley, and allow the sleeve to rotate freely with respect to
the pulley.
[0286] Furthermore, the roller clutch is for the sixth roller
clutch mentioned above, and it is located between the outer
peripheral surface of the sleeve and the inner peripheral surface
of the pulley in the section separated in the axial directed from
the radial rolling bearings.
[0287] With the roller clutch and pulley apparatus with built-in
roller clutch of the eighteenth to twenty-second examples
constructed as described above, in the overrun state, or in other
words, when the springs are pressed by the rollers, it is possible
to prevent the attitude of the rollers from shifting (skewing) in
the direction that the center axis is tilted from the proper
position. Therefore, it is possible to prevent uneven wear and
abnormal heat due to the skewing of the rollers, and thus it is
possible to improve the durability (long life) of the roller clutch
and pulley-apparatus with built-in roller clutch. Therefore, it is
possible to improve the performance of various mechanical
apparatuses, such as improving the reliability and durability of
the engine-starting apparatus for an idling-stop vehicle.
[0288] Next, FIGS. 44 and 45 show a twenty-third example of the
embodiment of the invention, FIG. 46 shows a twenty-fourth example,
FIG. 47 shows a twenty-fifth example and FIG. 48 shows a
twenty-sixth example. The examples as well were invented in order
to sufficiently maintain the durability of a rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine, and
specifically with the object of solving the following problems.
[0289] In other words, in recent years, idling-stop vehicles as
described above are actually being used. In order to give the
engine-starting apparatus for this kind of idling-stop vehicle
certain function, using an apparatus with a built-in one-way clutch
in which the roller clutch 8 shown in FIG. 56 and described above
is assembled as the drive-pulley apparatus (see FIG. 55) that is
located on the end of the rotation-drive shaft of the starter motor
4 is considered. However, as described above, in the case of the
roller clutch 8 shown in FIG. 56, rubbing at the points of contact
between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 12 and the
inner peripheral surface of the outer ring 10 is unavoidable even
when rotation force is not being transmitted between the inner ring
9 and outer ring 10. Therefore, when the overrun state continues
for a long time, the amount of friction heat that is generated at
these points of contact cannot be ignored and it causes the
temperature inside the roller clutch 8 to rise, and thus it becomes
easy for the grease filled inside the roller clutch 8 to become
degraded. Furthermore, the temperature in the support bearings next
to the roller clutch 8 rises, and this makes it easy for the rubber
or synthetic resin seal plates assembled in these support bearings
to degrade. In the case of a pulley apparatus with a built-in
one-way clutch for an alternator, operation is basically in the
locked position, as will be described below, and since operation in
the overrun state is for a short time, the friction heat and rise
in temperature described above does not easily become a
problem.
[0290] However, in the case of the one-way clutch that is assembled
in the drive-pulley apparatus 6 for the idling-stop vehicle shown
in FIG. 55 and described above, the locked state occurs only for a
short time when starting the engine, and after the engine starts,
operation is in the overrun state as long as the engine is
operating. Therefore, it is difficult to maintain sufficient
durability even when the roller clutch 8 as shown in FIG. 56 is
assembled in the engine-starting apparatus for an idling-stop
vehicle.
[0291] Taking this problem into consideration, the inventors
invented a pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch as shown in
FIGS. 49 to 51 (Japanese Patent Application No. 2002-33835). The
pulley apparatus 16 with built-in roller clutch of this prior
invention comprises a pulley element 17 around whose outer
peripheral surface an endless belt 7 (see FIG. 55) runs, and a
sleeve 18 fitted and fastened onto the tip end of the
rotation-drive shaft 5 (see FIG. 55), which are arranged such that
they are concentric with each other. Also, a pair of deep-groove
ball bearings 19 as support bearings and a roller clutch 20 are
located between the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 18 and
the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element 17. In order to
install the ball bearings 19 and the roller clutch 20, the inner
peripheral surface of the pulley element 17 is a simple cylindrical
surface, and the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 18 is a
stepped cylindrical surface having a large-diameter section 21 in
the middle section in the axial direction and small-diameter
sections 22 on both ends that are connected at the step
sections.
[0292] The roller clutch 20 is located in the circular space that
exists between the outer peripheral surface of the sleeve 18 and
the inner peripheral surface of the pulley element 17, and
similarly, the ball bearings 19 are located in this circular space
near both ends in the axial direction such that they are on both
side in the axial direction of the roller clutch 20. Of these, the
ball bearings 19 are placed such that they are concentric with
pulley element 17 and sleeve 18, and they serve the role of
allowing both of these members 17, 18 to freely rotate relative to
each other. In the example shown in the figures, by placing the
ball bearings 19 on both sides of the roller clutch 20, the span
for application of the radial loading is lengthened, so that it is
possible to increase the rigidity as well as maintain durability.
Also, by applying contact angles that face away from each other
(preferably a back-to-back combination type), they freely support
axial loads that are applied to the pulley element 17 in both
directions.
[0293] The ball bearings 19 comprise: an outer race 24 having an
outer race track 23 of the deep-groove type formed around the inner
peripheral surface thereof; an inner race 26 having an inner race
track 25 of the deep-groove type formed around the outer peripheral
surface thereof, and a plurality of balls 27 that are located
between the outer race track 23 and inner race track 25 such that
they can roll freely. The outer races 24 are tightly fitted and
fastened around the inner peripheral surface near both ends of the
pulley element 17, and the inner race 26 are tightly fitted and
fastened around the outer peripheral surface of the small-diameter
sections 22 on both ends of the sleeve 18 through interference fit,
respectively. Moreover, in this state, one surface in the axial
direction of the respective inner races 26 comes in contact with
the surface of the step sections where the large-diameter section
21 connects with the small-diameter sections 22.
[0294] Also, by placing seal rings 28a, 28b between the inner
peripheral surface on both ends of the outer races 24 and the outer
peripheral surface on both ends of the inner races 26, the openings
on both ends to the spaces where the balls 27 are located are
covered. Moreover, lubricant such as grease is filled inside this
space, to lubricate the points of contact between the outer race
track 23 and the inner race track 25 and the rolling contact
surfaces of the balls 27.
[0295] Furthermore, only when there is a tendency for the pulley
element 17 to rotate relative to the sleeve 18 in a specified
direction, the roller clutch 20 transmits rotation force between
the pulley element 17 and the sleeve 18. In order to construct this
roller clutch 20, the clutch inner ring 29 is tightly fitted and
fastened around the large-diameter section 21 of the sleeve 18
through interference fit. This clutch inner ring 29 is formed
generally into a cylindrical shape by plastic working such as
pressing of steel plate such as carburized steel, such that the
inner peripheral surface and outer peripheral surface are both
simple cylindrical surfaces.
[0296] On the other hand, the inner peripheral surface of the
clutch outer ring 30 that is tightly fitted and fastened around the
inner peripheral surface of the middle section of the pulley
element 17 is a cam surface 31. In other words, as shown in FIGS.
50 and 51, a plurality of concave sections 32, called ramp sections
are formed, around the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer
ring 30 such that they are evenly spaced around in the
circumferential direction whereby the cam surface 31 is formed.
This clutch outer ring 30 is also formed generally into a
cylindrical shape by plastic working such as pressing of steel
plate such as carburized steel.
[0297] Also, the plurality of rollers 33 that together with the
clutch inner ring 29 and clutch outer ring 30 make up the roller
clutch 20, are held such that they can freely roll and move a
little in the circumferential direction by a clutch retainer 34
that is fastened to the clutch outer ring 30 such that it cannot
rotate with respect to the clutch outer ring 30. This clutch outer
ring 34 is formed into a generally cage-type cylindrical shape from
a synthetic resin (for example, a synthetic resin or plastic like
polyamide 66, polyamide 46 or polyphenylene sulfide that is mixed
with about 20% glass fiber), and comprises a pair of circular ring
shaped rim sections 35, and a plurality of a column sections 36
that connect these rim sections 35 together.
[0298] Also, the sections surrounded on four sides by the inside
surfaces of the rim sections 35, 35 and the side surfaces in the
circumferential direction of the columns sections 36, form pockets
37 for holding the rollers 33 such that they can rotate freely as
well as move freely a little in the circumferential direction.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 51, convex section 38 are formed at a
plurality of locations around the outer peripheral surface of the
rim sections 35 such that they fit with the concave section 32
formed on the inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30,
such that the clutch retainer 34 is mounted to the clutch outer
ring 30 such that it cannot rotate relative to the clutch outer
ring 30. Also, by holding the clutch retainer 34 on both sides in
the axial direction by collar sections 39a, 39b that are formed on
both end sections in the axial direction of the clutch outer ring
30, this clutch retainer 34 is not able to move in the axial
direction with respect to the clutch outer ring 30.
[0299] Furthermore, springs 40 are mounted as shown in FIGS. 50 and
51 on one of the side surfaces in the circumferential direction of
the column sections 36 of the clutch retainer 34. These springs 40
that are located on each column section 36 elastically press the
rollers 33 that held in the pockets 37 in the same direction
(counterclockwise direction in FIGS. 50 and 51) in the
circumferential direction of the clutch retainer 34 in cylindrical
space formed between the inner peripheral surface of the cam
surface 31 and the outer peripheral surface (cylindrical surface)
of the clutch inner ring 29 toward the section where the width in
the radial direction becomes narrow.
[0300] In FIGS. 50 and 51, the springs 40 are drawn as compression
coil springs, however, actually plate springs that are made by
bending spring steel into a triangular-shaped hook are often used
for these springs 40. In other words, as shown in FIGS. 52 to 54,
the base section 72 of the spring 40 is supported by protruding
supports 71a, 71b that are formed on the outer peripheral surface
of the column sections 36, 36 of the clutch retainer 34, and the
pair of elastic members 73, 73 formed in each spring 40 press the
rollers 33 in the same circumferential direction. Furthermore, it
is also possible to use synthetic resin springs that are made in
one piece with the clutch retainer 34. This kind of roller clutch
20 is lubricated by grease that is filled inside it.
[0301] In the roller clutch 20 constructed as described above, when
there is a tendency for relative rotation of the pulley element 17
and sleeve 18 in a specified direction, or in other words, when
there is a tendency for the sleeve 18 to rotate relative to the
pulley element 17 in the direction that the springs 40 press the
rollers 33 (counterclockwise direction in FIGS. 50 and 51), the
rollers 33 are wedged into the section of the cylindrical space
where the width in the radial direction is narrow. In this state
the relative rotation of the sleeve 18 and pulley element 17 is not
possible (locked state). On the other hand, when there is a
tendency for relative rotation of the pulley element 17 and sleeve
18 in the direction opposite to the specified direction, or in
other words, in the direction opposite to the direction that the
springs 40 press the rollers 33 (clockwise direction in FIGS. 50
and 51), the rollers 33 move against the elastic force of the
springs back into the section in the cylindrical space where the
width in the radial direction is wide, and the pulley element 17
rotates freely relative to the sleeve 18 (overrun state).
[0302] The function when the pulley-apparatus 16 with built-in
roller clutch of this invention constructed as described above is
used as the drive-pulley apparatus 6 for the engine-starting
apparatus for the idling-stop vehicle shown in FIG. 55, is as
described below. First, when starting the engine, electric power
flows to the starter motor 4, which rotates the sleeve 18 that is
fastened to the end of the rotation-drive shaft 5 and the clutch
inner ring 29 that is fastened to this sleeve 18 in the
counterclockwise direction of FIGS. 50 and 51. Therefore, the
rollers 33 move in the counterclockwise direction of FIGS. 50 and
51 in the substantially cylindrical space between the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the inner
peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring 30 toward the section
where the width in the radial direction becomes narrow. As a
result, the rollers 33 become wedged between the outer peripheral
surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the inner peripheral
surface of the clutch outer ring 30, and the clutch roller 20 is in
the locked state and transmits power from the clutch inner ring 29
to the clutch outer ring 30. In this state, the crankshaft 2 of the
engine 1 (see FIG. 55) is rotated and driven by way of the pulley
element 17, endless belt 7 and follower pulley 3, and the engine 1
starts.
[0303] After the engine 1 has started, electric power stops flowing
to the starter motor 4 and the rotation-drive shaft 5 stops. In
this state, the pulley element 17 is rotated and driven by the
crankshaft 2 of the engine 1 by way of the follower pulley 3 and
endless belt 7, and the clutch outer ring 30 continues to rotate in
the counterclockwise direction of FIGS. 50 and 51. As a result, the
roller clutch 20 is in the overrun state and does not transmit the
rotation of the pulley element 17 to the sleeve 18. Therefore, when
the engine 1 is operating, the starter motor 4 does not become a
load against the rotation of the engine 1.
[0304] When the roller clutch 20 is in the overrun state like this,
the rollers 33 are pressed by the column sections 36 of the clutch
retainer 34 and the springs 40, to rotate together with the clutch
outer ring 30 that is fitted and fastened inside the pulley element
17. However, when the rpm of this clutch outer ring 30 is less than
the rpm required to start the engine 1 (for example, in the case of
a gasoline engine, speed after multiplying the transmission ratio
of the belt transmission to 400 rpm to 500 rpm), the centrifugal
force acting on the rollers 33 is not a value that will compress
the springs 40. Also, when starting the engine 1, a force in the
same direction as the elastic force of the springs 40 is applied to
the rollers 33 from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch
inner ring 29. Therefore, when starting the engine, the rollers 33
definitely move in the space between the outer peripheral surface
of the clutch inner ring 29 and the inner peripheral surface of the
clutch outer ring 30 toward the section where the width becomes
narrow, and the roller clutch 20 becomes securely locked.
[0305] On the other hand, when the engine 1 starts and the rpm of
the clutch outer ring 30 is greater than the rpm corresponding to
idling of the engine 1 (for example, in the case of a gasoline
engine, speed after multiplying the transmission ratio of the belt
transmission to 700 rpm to 800 rpm), the rollers 33 press the
springs 40 and move to the deep side of the concave sections 32 due
to the centrifugal force. As a result, not only is the connection
of the roller clutch 20 broken (the overrun state is set), but the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 of the roller clutch 20
separate from the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring
29.
[0306] In other words, when the engine is operating, centrifugal
force acts on the rollers 33 and these rollers 33 are pressed
against the bottom surface of the concave sections 32. Since the
bottom surfaces of the concave sections 32 are inclined, the
rollers 33 tend to move in the direction that will press the
springs 40 (compress the springs 40). Also, after the engine 1
starts and electric power stops flowing to the starter motor 4, the
clutch inner ring 29 stops, so the force moving the rollers 33 in
the counterclockwise direction of the FIGS. 50 and 51 is just the
elastic force of the springs 40.
[0307] In this state, the centrifugal force increases due to the
rise in rotation force, and when the size of this component force
becomes greater than the elastic force of the springs 40, the
rollers 33 compress the springs 40 and moves toward the deep
section of the concave sections 32. As a result, as described
above, the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 separate from
the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29. In this
state, regardless of the high rpm of the engine 1, it is possible
to keep the friction heat that is generated inside the roller
clutch 20 to a minimum, and as described above, it is possible to
improve the durability of the roller clutch 20 and the adjacent
ball bearings 19. Of course, it is also possible to prevent damage,
such as uneven wear and seizure, to the roller clutch 20
itself.
[0308] However, when using the pulley apparatus with built-in
roller clutch of the prior invention described above, after the
engine starts, before the rollers 33 press the springs 40 and move
into the deep side of the concave sections 32 due to the
centrifugal force, there is rubbing between the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33 and the outer peripheral surface of the
clutch inner ring 29. Therefore, in this state, providing a
sufficient amount of grease at the points of sliding contact
between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33 and the
outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 makes it
possible to prevent friction at these surfaces, and is very
essential from the aspect of maintaining the durability of the
pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch.
[0309] On the other hand, in the case of the clutch retainer 34 of
the prior invention, since the inner peripheral edge of the rim
sections 35 and the inner peripheral surface of the column sections
36 exist on one cylindrical surface, it is difficult to supply a
sufficient amount of grease at the points of sliding contact. In
other words, in the case of the clutch retainer 34, the column
sections scrape away the grease at the areas of contact on the
outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the
rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33, so there is hardly any
function of maintaining grease for supplying to this area.
Therefore, prevention of wear at these surfaces becomes
insufficient, and there is a possibility that durability of the
pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch will not be
sufficient.
[0310] The twenty-third to twenty-sixth example of the embodiments
of the invention shown in FIGS. 44 to 48 were invented with this
problem taken into consideration.
[0311] First, FIGS. 44 and 45 show a twenty-third example of the
invention. The feature of this example is that by changing the
construction of the clutch retainer 34b a sufficient amount of
grease is supplied to the points of contact (see FIGS. 49 to 51)
between the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29
and the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers 33. The
construction and function of the other parts, for example the
overall construction of the pulley apparatus with built-in roller
clutch is substantially the same as in the previous invention shown
in FIGS. 49 to 51 and described above, so any drawings and
explanations of identical parts are omitted and this explanation
centers on the features of this embodiment.
[0312] In the case of this example, the entire inner peripheral
surface 74 of the column sections 36b of the clutch retainer 34b is
more recessed in the outward radial direction than the inner
peripheral edge 75 of the rim sections 35. Also, the inner diameter
of the rim sections 35 is slightly greater than the outer diameter
of the clutch inner ring 29. Therefore, when the clutch retainer
34b is assembled into the pulley apparatus with built-in roller
clutch, the inner peripheral edges 75 come close to and face both
ends of the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29.
In other words, a labyrinth space 76 exists between the inner
peripheral edges 75 and both ends of the outer peripheral surface
of the clutch inner ring 29 that is too small for grease to flow
freely through. On the other hand, there is a plenty large space 77
between the inner peripheral surface 74 of the column sections 36b
and the middle section of the outer peripheral surface of the
clutch inner ring 29.
[0313] When the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch for starting an engine in which the clutch retainer
34b described above is assembled is operating, grease enters the
space 77. That is, the grease that is filled inside the roller
clutch 20 (see FIGS. 49 to 51) and adheres to the rolling contact
surfaces of the rollers 33, or the grease that is pushed in the
circumferential direction of the roller clutch 20 by the rollers
33, enters the space 77. This space 77 has sufficient volume and is
partitioned on the outside in the radial direction by the inner
peripheral surfaces 74 of the column sections 36b, and on both
sides in the axial direction by the rim sections 35. Therefore, it
is difficult for the grease that enters into this space 77 to flow
out in the radial direction even when a centrifugal force is
applied when the clutch retainer 34b rotates together with the
pulley element 17 and clutch outer ring 30. Also, due to the
existence of the labyrinth space 76, 76 it is difficult for the
grease to leak to the outside in the axial direction.
[0314] Therefore, the grease that is taken into the space 77 is
efficiently supplied to the points of contact between the outer
peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring 29 and the rolling
contact surfaces of the rollers 33, and prevents wear of these
surfaces. As a result, even when there is rubbing between both of
these surfaces, wear of these surfaces is suppressed, and it is
possible to improve the durability of the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine.
[0315] Next, FIG. 46 shows a twenty-fourth example of the
embodiment of the invention. In this example, the inner peripheral
surface 74a of the column sections 36c and the inner peripheral
edge 75 of the rim sections 35 are located on a single cylindrical
surface. However, in this example, a concave holes 78 are formed in
the center sections in the circumferential direction of the inner
peripheral surface 74a of the column sections 36c, and these
concave holes 78 are formed to function as grease pockets. Also,
the concave holes 78 have a crescent cross-sectional shape such
that the depth becomes shallower toward both ends in the
circumferential direction, so the grease that is taken into the
concave hole 78 is efficiently supplied to the outer peripheral
surface of the clutch inner ring 29 when there is relative rotation
between the clutch retainer 34c and the clutch inner ring 29.
[0316] The other construction and function is the same as in the
twenty-third example shown in FIGS. 44 and 45 described above.
[0317] Next, FIG. 47 shows a twenty-fifth example of the embodiment
of the invention. In this example, the inner peripheral surface 74a
of the column sections 36d and the inner peripheral edges 75 of the
rim sections 35 are location on one cylindrical surface. However,
in this example, half in the circumferential direction of the inner
peripheral surface 74a of the column sections 36d is a stepped
concave section 79 that is recessed outward in the radial
direction, and this stepped concave section 79 functions as a
grease pocket. Also, these stepped concave sections 79 directly
face the rollers 33 that are held in the pockets 37 (see FIGS. 49
to 51), such that the grease taken into these stepped concave
sections 79 is efficiently supplied to the outer peripheral surface
of the clutch inner ring 29 when there is relative rotation of the
clutch retainer 34d and the clutch inner ring 29 (see FIGS. 49 to
51).
[0318] The other construction and functions are the substantially
same as in the twenty-third and twenty-fourth examples shown in
FIGS. 44 to 46 and described above.
[0319] Next, FIG. 48 shows a twenty-sixth example of the embodiment
of the invention. In this example, half in the circumferential
direction of the inner peripheral surface 74a of the column
sections 36e is an inclined concave section 80 that is recessed
outward in the radial direction toward the edge in the
circumferential direction, to function as a grease pocket. In this
example as well, these inclined concave sections 80 directly face
the rollers 33 that are held in the pockets 37 (see FIGS. 49 to
51), such that the grease taken into these inclined concave
sections 80 is efficiently supplied to the outer peripheral surface
of the clutch inner ring 29 when there is relative rotation of the
clutch retainer 34e and the clutch inner ring 29 (see FIGS. 49 to
51). The other construction and functions are substantially the
same as in the twenty-third and twenty-fifth examples shown in
FIGS. 44 to 47 and described above.
[0320] The twenty-third to twenty-sixth examples shown in FIGS. 44
to 48 and described above were applied for the case in which the
rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller clutch was
assembled in the engine-starting apparatus for an idling-stop
vehicle. However, the rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in
roller clutch is not limited to this kind of application, and can
also be used assembled in various rotation-transmission mechanisms
when the engine in an idling-stop vehicle is stopped, such as in a
mechanism that drives an auxiliary device such as a compressor. A
summary of the construction of the pulley apparatus with built-in
roller clutch of the twenty-third to twenty-sixth examples
described above is given below.
[0321] In other words, similar to the prior known pulley apparatus
with built-in roller, this pulley apparatus with built-in roller
clutch comprises: a circular-shaped pulley that has an endless belt
that runs around its outer peripheral surface and rotates only in a
specified direction during use; a rotating shaft that is inserted
though the center of this pulley and rotates in only a specified
direction during use; and a roller clutch that is located in the
circular-ring shaped space between the inner peripheral surface of
the pulley and the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft.
Also, this roller clutch becomes engaged when the rotating shaft
rotates in the specified direction to transmit power from this
rotating shaft to the pulley, however, when the pulley rotates
faster than this rotating shaft, the roller clutch becomes
disengaged and it does not transmit power from this pulley to the
rotating shaft.
[0322] Particularly, in the pulley apparatus with built-in roller
clutch of the twenty-third to twenty-sixth examples described
above, the cam surface that allows the plurality of rollers of the
roller clutch to move in the radial direction of the pulley is
located on the inner peripheral surface of the pulley or on the
inner peripheral surface of the clutch outer ring that is fitted
and fastened inside this pulley.
[0323] Also, the outer peripheral surface of the rotating shaft or
the outer peripheral surface of the clutch inner ring that is
fastened around this rotating shaft is a cylindrical surface, and a
clutch retainer that holds the rollers such that they can freely
move in the circumferential direction of the circular-ring shaped
space and also holds the springs for pressing these rollers in the
same circumferential direction in this circular-ring shaped space
rotates with the pulley with respect to the rotating shaft.
[0324] Furthermore, in the case of the pulley apparatus with
built-in roller clutch of the twenty-third to twenty-sixth examples
described above, the grease pockets are formed on the inner
peripheral surface of the retainer for holding grease.
[0325] In the case of the pulley apparatus with built-in roller
clutch of the twenty-third to the twenty sixth examples described
above grease is supplied from the grease pockets formed in the
inner peripheral surface of the retainer to the points of contact
between the rolling contact surfaces of the rollers and the outer
peripheral surface of the rotating shaft or outer peripheral
surface of the clutch inner ring that is fastened around the
outside of this rotating shaft. Therefore, even when there is
rubbing between these surfaces, it is possible to suppress friction
between these surfaces, and thus it is possible to improve the
durability of the pulley apparatus with built-in roller clutch.
Therefore, even when there is high-speed relative rotation of the
clutch outer ring and clutch inner ring, it is possible to maintain
the durability of the roller clutch. As a result, it is possible to
improve the performance of various mechanical apparatuses, such as
improving the reliability and durability of the engine-starting
apparatus for an idling-stop vehicle.
[0326] In each of the examples described above, the case is
explained in which the rotating member described in the claims is a
pulley element 17 (see FIG. 1, etc.) around whose outer peripheral
surface an endless belt runs. However, the rotation-transmission
apparatus with built-in roller clutch for starting an engine of
this invention is not limited to this construction, for example,
construction in which an element having a gear unit formed around
its outer peripheral surface can be used as the rotating member. In
the case of using this kind of element, a different gear unit that
rotates with the engine crankshaft meshes with the gear unit that
is formed on this element.
[0327] Also, the features of the invention disclosed in the claims,
can be applied separately, or part or all of the features of the
invention disclosed in the claims can be combined. Moreover, it is
possible to suitably exclude part of the totally combined features
of the invention.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0328] The rotation-transmission apparatus with built-in roller
clutch for starting an engine of this invention is constructed and
functions as described above, so it is possible to improve
reliability and durability of the engine-starting apparatus for an
idling-stop vehicle.
* * * * *