U.S. patent application number 11/841303 was filed with the patent office on 2008-02-21 for thread for synthetic grass turfs, die for producing same related processes of manufacturing and use, and synthetic grass truf including it.
This patent application is currently assigned to MONDO S.P.A.. Invention is credited to Fernando Stroppiana.
Application Number | 20080044598 11/841303 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37770965 |
Filed Date | 2008-02-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080044598 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Stroppiana; Fernando |
February 21, 2008 |
THREAD FOR SYNTHETIC GRASS TURFS, DIE FOR PRODUCING SAME RELATED
PROCESSES OF MANUFACTURING AND USE, AND SYNTHETIC GRASS TRUF
INCLUDING IT
Abstract
A yarn for forming filiform formations of a synthetic-grass
covering reproducing the grassy sward of natural turf comprises
filiform segments set alongside one another and connected together
by thin breakable connection portions, in which the filiform
segments have thickened end parts. Preferably, the yarn is obtained
by longitudinal stretching, starting from a length constituted by a
strip comprising multiple filiform segments set alongside one
another and connected together by thin connection portions.
Inventors: |
Stroppiana; Fernando;
(Grinzane (Cuneo), IT) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HESLIN ROTHENBERG FARLEY & MESITI PC
5 COLUMBIA CIRCLE
ALBANY
NY
12203
US
|
Assignee: |
MONDO S.P.A.
Alba Frazione Gallo (Cuneo)
IT
|
Family ID: |
37770965 |
Appl. No.: |
11/841303 |
Filed: |
August 20, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
428/17 ; 28/247;
57/248; 57/279; 57/310 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D01D 5/253 20130101;
D01D 5/42 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
428/17 ; 28/247;
57/248; 57/279; 57/310 |
International
Class: |
D02G 3/44 20060101
D02G003/44; D01H 15/00 20060101 D01H015/00; D06N 7/00 20060101
D06N007/00; E01C 13/08 20060101 E01C013/08; D02G 3/02 20060101
D02G003/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Aug 18, 2006 |
EP |
06425589.6 |
Claims
1. A yarn for forming filiform formations of a synthetic-grass
covering reproducing the grassy sward of natural turf, said yarn
comprising a plurality of filiform segments set alongside one
another and connected together by thin breakable connection
portions, wherein said plurality of filiform segments comprise
thickened end parts.
2. The yarn according to claim 1, wherein said filiform segments
have a profile with a U-shaped cross section.
3. The yarn according to claim 1, wherein said thin connection
portions have, where breakable, a thickness substantially equal to
10 micron.
4. The yarn according to claim 1, wherein said filiform segments
are substantially identical to one another.
5. The yarn according to claim 1, wherein said yarn is made of a
polyolefin-based material.
6. The yarn according to claim 5, wherein said polyolefin-based
material is selected from a group consisting of polyethylene,
polypropylene, and/or mixes and/or copolymers thereof.
7. The yarn according to claim 5, wherein said polyolefin-based
material is polyethylene.
8. The yarn according to claim 1 wherein said yarn is made of a
material subjected to stretching.
9. The yarn according to claim 1, wherein said yarn is obtained
starting from material drawn through a threading die.
10. A threading die for forming a yarn according to claim 9,
wherein said threading die comprises at least one portion of a
threading die with a plurality of segments set alongside one
another, having thin connection portions, extending there between
in which said segments set alongside one another comprise end parts
that are wider than a central part thereof.
11. The threading die according to claim 10, further comprising a
plurality of said portions of a threading die, which extend as a
whole according to an annular path.
12. A process for forming a yarn according to claim 1, comprising:
providing a length of said yarn, said length comprising a strip
comprising a plurality of filiform segments set alongside one
another and connected together by thin connection portions; and
subjecting said length of yarn to longitudinal stretching so as to
form said yarn.
13. The process according to claim 12, further comprising forming
said length of yarn with said thin portions that are non-breakable
in normal conditions of manipulation of said length of yarn.
14. The process according to claim 12, further comprising forming
said length of yarn with said thin portions presenting a minimum
thickness of substantially 30 micron.
15. A method for processing the yarn of claim 1, the method
comprising: subjecting said yarn to a stress so as to separate the
filiform segments of said plurality from one another by breaking
said thin connection portions, so that said separated filiform
segments comprise filiform formations reproducing the grassy sward
of natural turf.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said subjecting said
yarn to said stress comprises subjecting said yarn to twisting.
17. The method according to claim 15, wherein said subjecting said
yarn to stress comprises subjecting said yarn to brushing.
18. A synthetic-grass covering comprising a synthetic grassy sward
consisting of yarn according to claim 1.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from European patent
application No. 06425589.6, filed on Aug. 18, 2006, the entire
disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to synthetic (or "artificial")
grass coverings.
[0003] Synthetic-grass coverings have been used for quite some time
now, in particular to provide areas of greenery for urban
decoration and similar amenities, for areas for bordering
swimming-pools, and, in general, for replacing natural-grass cover
in all those conditions where the laying and maintenance of a
natural-grass cover may prove critical. The use of said
synthetic-grass coverings has received new impulse in recent times
in order to provide coverings for sports facilities, for example,
soccer pitches. The corresponding literature is extremely
extensive, as is witnessed, at a patent level, by documents such
as: U.S. Pat. No. 3,731,923, U.S. Pat. No. 4,337,283, U.S. Pat. No.
5,958,527, U.S. Pat. No. 5,961,389, U.S. Pat. No. 5,976,645,
JP-B-32 53 204, JP-A-10037122, DE-A-44 44 030, EP-A-0 377 925, and
EP-A-1 158 099.
[0004] In particular, from the document mentioned last, which is
owned in the name of the owner of the present application, a
synthetic-grass structure is known, which comprises a sheet-like
substrate with a plurality of filiform formations extending from
the substrate for simulating the grassy sward of natural turf, and
a particulate filling material, or infill, dispersed between the
filiform formations so as to keep the filiform formations
themselves in a substantially upright condition. Specifically, the
above synthetic-grass covering is characterized in that the
particulate filling material (infill) is constituted by a
substantially homogeneous mass of a granular material chosen in the
group constituted by polyolefin-based materials and by vinyl
polymer-based materials.
[0005] Further advantageous developments of the above solution are
described in the documents EP-A-1 319 753, EP-A-1 375 750, EP-A-1
371 779, as well as EP-A-1 486 613, and again the European patent
application No. 05425957.7, all of said documents being owned by
the owner of the present application.
[0006] In the course of the last few years, as regards application
to the production of grass coverings for sports facilities, the
activity of innovation has been aimed chiefly at the
characteristics and modalities of distribution of the filling
material or infill.
[0007] As a whole, less attention has instead been paid to the
characteristics of the yarn used for making said filiform
formations. In this connection, reference may be made, for example,
to EP-A-0 259 940, which describes, instead, the possibility of
using, in a synthetic-grass covering, a yarn obtained with the
co-extrusion of polymeric materials of different composition, in
particular with different coefficients of friction.
[0008] A solution still widely used for making the aforesaid
filiform formations envisages resorting to a yarn having a base of
plastic material, such as polyethylene. The material in question is
initially laminated so as to form a sheet or web of the thickness
of, for example, 200-300 micron. The sheet is then subjected to a
cutting operation, which divides the sheet into a large number of
strips of small width (for example, 10-20 mm).
[0009] The cutting operation is usually followed by one or more
operations of longitudinal stretching and fibrillation. For this
purpose, the web is divided into strips of given width, which are
stretched and then pre-fibrillated, i.e., incisions are made in a
longitudinal direction, to give rise, during normal use, to
progressively thinner threads, in the direction of the width. The
material is gathered as a ribbon or tape on a bobbin or reel, which
usually passes it on to a subsequent step of twisting of the
thread, thus enabling it to be treated in the subsequent processing
steps (e.g., tufting on the loom).
[0010] The above type of yarn is the first to have asserted itself
on the market on a large scale on account of ease of production in
all the steps of the process. The final aesthetic appearance of the
yarn is not optimal as regards reproducing the appearance of the
sward of natural grass cover, but is considered acceptable by the
market. A practically inevitable defect in this type of yarn lies
in the fact that, when four to five years have elapsed from its
being laid, the corresponding coverings manifest problems of wear
due to an excessive, uncontrolled and uncontrollable fragmentation
during use (breaking of parts of thread, formation of very thin and
brittle strips, with the possible formation of dust on account of
the breaking-down/degradation of the thread, etc.).
[0011] An alternative technique envisages the formation of a
single-thread or single-strand yarn via the formation of individual
threads directly from a threading die. The threads in question are
stretched and gathered with four, six or eight threads per tuft,
before passing on to the subsequent steps as described above
(gathering, twisting, tufting). This technique is increasingly
asserting its presence on the market because it does not give rise
to the problems of wear described above in relation to a
fibrillated yarn: single-stranded yarn is not subject over time to
undesirable phenomena of splitting or fragmentation. The
single-thread technique presents, however, various weakpoints.
There exists in the first place a difficulty of production in
gathering the individual threads (even though they are grouped
together in groups of four, six or eight threads) on the reels, as
well as a similar, if not greater, difficulty in the twisting
operation. In the end product the strength/toughness of anchorage
of the threads to the substrate of the synthetic-grass covering,
albeit accepted by the market and in compliance with the existing
technical requirements, is not comparable to that of the
"fibrillated" material described previously. This is explicable by
the fact that the individual (single) threads that make up a single
tuft have the possibility of sliding on one another also at the
point where the loop is fixed to the substrate (usually with a
latex).
[0012] For the sake of completeness, it should again be recalled
that there exists yet a third type of yarn constituting a sort of
hybrid between the preceding ones, defined as "monotape". For the
manufacturing process, the production cycle indicated for the
fibrillated product described at the start is in practice followed,
cutting from the original sheet or web strips of smaller width,
without using any process of pre-fibrillation, then gathering
together the four, six or eight strands per tuft and passing on to
the subsequent operations, etc. This technique, which presents
various problems, has had little commercial success and is in fact
disappearing from the market.
[0013] From WO-A-2004/106601, taken as model for the preamble of
claim 1, a technique is known, in which a multilayer strip is
obtained from a film extruded from a threading die through a nozzle
provided with projections. The projections form in the strip
grooves designed to form preferential sites of splitting of the
strip during fibrillation. In this way, it is claimed, a subsequent
random post-fibrillation of the yarn such as to reduce the
resilience of the synthetic-grass covering, would be prevented.
[0014] As has already been mentioned, whatever the technique of
production adopted, the yarn is usually wound on reels used for
supplying workstations that produce the basic structure of a
synthetic-grass covering of the type described previously, i.e.,
with the filiform formations that extend from a sheetlike
substrate. Said workstations operate typically with known
techniques resembling techniques of tufting or the like.
[0015] In particular, said techniques aim at "implanting" in a
sheetlike substrate (which is either continuous or substantially
continuous, for example, because it is provided with draining
holes) yarn formations having a general U-shaped configuration.
Each formation basically constitutes a sort of tuft with a looped
part that passes underneath the substrate and two lateral branches
that extend vertically above the substrate, to simulate blades of
grass. In the case of the single thread, the tuft is constituted by
four, six or else eight strands or blades according to the
thickness and/or width of each blade.
[0016] Albeit as a whole satisfactory, these traditional techniques
leave room for further improvements, oriented in various
directions.
[0017] In particular, there has been felt the need for a technique
for producing yarn for grass coverings that, substantially,
combines within it the positive aspects of the various techniques
described previously, without sharing their drawbacks, and in
particular presents the stability and resistance to subsequent
fragmentation typical of single-stranded yarn, thus preventing the
critical aspects linked to the need to combine a plurality of
(single) threads to form a single tuft, and ensuring at the same
time the strength/toughness of anchorage to the substrate typical
of fibrillated yarn, this being achieved within the context of a
process of production, which is moreover simple, reliable and
efficient and affords the possibility of achieving a further
improvement as regards the faithfulness in the reproduction of the
appearance of the sward of natural grass cover.
[0018] According to the present invention, this need is met thanks
to a yarn having the characteristics referred to specifically in
the ensuing claims. The invention also relates to a corresponding
process for manufacturing said yarn, as well as a corresponding
process of use for the purpose of making a synthetic-grass covering
(either with or without infill).
[0019] The claims form an integral part of the technical disclosure
provided herein in relation to the invention.
[0020] The invention will now be described, purely by way of a
non-limiting example, with reference to the annexed plate of
drawings, in which:
[0021] FIG. 1 is a functional block diagram of a plant for the
production of a yarn of the type described herein;
[0022] FIG. 2 is a plan view of a portion of a threading die used
for forming a yarn of the type described herein;
[0023] FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate the yarn in question in two
subsequent steps of the manufacturing process;
[0024] FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of the criteria with
which the yarn described herein can be used for making a synthetic
(or "artificial") grass covering; and
[0025] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate a yarn of the type described
herein, respectively immediately after production and in a
subsequent step, after application of mechanical stress.
[0026] In FIG. 1, the reference number 10 designates as a whole a
plant that can be used for producing a yarn that is to be used for
the production of synthetic-grass coverings.
[0027] The plant 10 is represented in the form of a set of
processing stations that are here supposed as being located in a
single site and designed to carry out a processing cycle comprising
different operations of treatment performed in cascaded fashion one
after the other. Persons skilled in the sector will moreover
appreciate that the aforesaid operations can, however, be performed
in different premises or contexts and at different times, after
prior storage and/or transfer of the intermediate products of the
various processing steps illustrated.
[0028] In particular, the reference number 12 designates an
extruder for plastic materials which operates with a vertical axis.
A plastic material in the molten state is fed into the extruder 12
through an inlet duct 14, to undergo extrusion in a threading die
16 constituted, for example, by a die with an annular profile.
[0029] In particular, in the exemplary of embodiment illustrated
herein, which is provided merely by way of example, the annular
threading die 16 is constituted by a certain number of arched
portions 160, separated from one another by a distance, for example
of 1-2 cm. Each portion of a threading die 160 is designed to
produce a respective strip B and has the profile illustrated in
FIG. 2. For instance, FIG. 2 can be considered as a plan view from
beneath of the single arched portion 160 of a threading die, as
ideally viewed from beneath, i.e., from the area in which the
respective strip B drops as it comes out of the threading die.
[0030] In practice, the single portion of a threading die 160 has a
certain length (for example, 50-60 mm, typically 56.4 mm) measured
along its arched path of extension and comprises a certain number
of segments 162 (eight in number, in the example illustrated).
[0031] Each segment 162 has then a length (once again measured
along the arched path of extension of the portion of a threading
die 160 of which the segment forms part) in the region of 6.7 mm
and is connected to the adjacent segments 162 (or to the adjacent
segment, in the case of the two end segments 162 in the portion of
a threading die 160) by a thin portion or stretch 164.
[0032] Each thin portion 164 has a length, for example, of 0.4 mm,
and a width or thickness (dimension in the radial direction with
respect to the path of extension of the portion of a threading die
160) of, for example, 0.15 mm.
[0033] An important characteristic of the segments 162 is that they
have a U-shaped cross section, hence one with two wider end parts
or branches 1620 (once again the dimension in the radial direction
with respect to the arched path of extension of the portion of a
threading die 160) with respect to the central part 1622.
[0034] For simplicity of illustration, in FIG. 2 the widened end
parts 1620 and the central part 1622, which is narrower, are
designated expressly by the corresponding reference numbers only in
the segments 162 that occupy the end positions within the portion
of a threading die 160 illustrated.
[0035] It will on the other hand be appreciated that the U shape is
not to be considered imperative, since the characteristic of the
end parts 1620 that are wider than the central part 1622 can be
achieved also with other shapes (for example, a "bone" shape).
[0036] Purely by way of example, the end parts 1620 can present a
width or thickness (once again the dimension in the radial
direction with respect to the arched path of extension of the
portion of a threading die 160) of 0.67 mm as against a width or
thickness of the central part 1622 of 0.46 mm.
[0037] It is on the other hand evident that all the dimensional
values mentioned previously are given purely by way of example and
are not to be interpreted in a way that might in any sense limit
the scope of the invention described herein.
[0038] At output from the threading die 16, there are hence present
a plurality of strips B, each of which has, if viewed in cross
section, the profile represented in FIG. 3: this is, in other
words, a profile complementary to the profile of the portion of a
threading die 160 described previously with reference to FIG. 2,
hence a profile in which it is possible to distinguish a certain
number (eight, in the example illustrated) of segments B1 connected
to one another by slender portions B2, with each segment B1
presenting a profile (roughly U-shaped, in the example illustrated
herein) with end parts that are wider than the central part.
[0039] The material used for forming the strips B is usually a
polyolefin-based material, such as a material chosen from the group
constituted by polyethylene, polypropylene and/or mixes and/or
copolymers thereof, polyethylene representing the currently
preferred choice.
[0040] The material in question is usually pigmented so as to
present en masse a colouring such as typically a green colouring,
it being evident that this characteristic is not to be understood
as in any sense limiting the scope of the invention.
[0041] Usually, the strips B coming from the threading die 16 are
subjected to cooling by being dipped in a cooling bath contained in
a tank 18 so as to enable their consolidation.
[0042] As has already been mentioned, each of the strips B
reproduces the profile of drawing conferred upon it by the
respective portion of a threading die 160, and is thus in the form
of a strip constituted by a plurality of (for example, eight)
filiform elements B1 (with widened ends, hence thickened with
respect to the central part), set alongside one another and
connected together by more slender connection portions B2.
[0043] Usually, as it is lowered into the cooling bath 18, each
strip B tends to stretch out so that the substantial identity of
shape with the portion of a threading die 160 does not usually
correspond to an identity of dimensions. For example, the strip B
can present a width in the region of 20 mm, with the segments B1
and the slender portions B2 that have homologous dimensions of
width, respectively of 2.4 mm and 0.12 mm.
[0044] The dimensions of thickness can instead be approximately 300
micron and approximately 30 micron, respectively, for the segments
B1 (maximum thickness in an area corresponding to the thickened
ends) and for the slender portions B2.
[0045] Once again it is recalled that all the dimensional values,
as quoted throughout the present description are provided purely by
way of example and are not to be interpreted as in any sense
limiting the scope of the invention described herein.
[0046] In any case, the slender connection portions B2 preferably
have a thickness sufficient to cause them not to be brittle in
normal conditions of manipulation of the strip B, where by "normal
conditions of manipulation" is meant the conditions corresponding
to the fact that the strip B is gripped by a person with his hand
and felt, for example, by winding it around his fingers.
[0047] The strip B or each strip B consolidated by cooling (the
solution herein represented, which envisages the simultaneous
formation of a number of strips B, constitutes only a preferred,
but non-imperative, embodiment of the invention) is then to be fed
into a drawing assembly, for example, with motor-driven rollers,
designated as a whole by 20.
[0048] The strip or strips B can be taken up in the course of a
process that is either continuous (and in this case there will
usually be provided one drawing assembly 20 for each strip B) or
else discontinuous, in this case envisaging a gradual emptying from
the tank 18 of the web/strips B that gradually accumulate
therein.
[0049] It will likewise be appreciated that recourse to a technique
of cooling by dipping constitutes just one from among the many
choices possible for achieving the desired result of
cooling/consolidation of the strip or strips B. Other techniques
for achieving cooling are represented, for example, by exposure to
the environment or else by exposure to jets of air or aeriform for
cooling upon exit from the threading die 16.
[0050] Starting from the drawing assembly 20, the strip or strips B
(in what follows reference will be made to just one strip, for
reasons of simplicity of treatment) is/are sent on to an assembly
for longitudinal stretching 22.
[0051] In a way in itself known, this assembly is normally
constituted by an oven for heating the material and two or more
sets of motor-driven rollers, each comprising two counter-rotating
rollers, between which the strip B is made to advance (from left to
right as viewed in FIG. 1) in conditions in which the peripheral or
tangential speed of the pairs of rollers (hence the speed imparted
upon the strip B) increases gradually.
[0052] In this way, the strip B is subjected, in one or more
stages, to an overall action of longitudinal stretching. For
example, it is possible to operate (in a way in itself known) so as
to apply a ratio of stretching of between 4:1 and 5:1 understood as
the ratio between the rate of advance after and before the
heating/stretching oven. The overall effect of this stretching is
represented in FIG. 4, where the reference B' designates the strip
at output from the stretching unit 22.
[0053] The strip B' subjected to stretching (in what follows also
referred to, for reasons of brevity, as "yarn") has a width and a
thickness that are smaller than that of the starting strip B,
having, however, preserved in a practically unaltered way (for
well-known physical reasons) its cross-sectional profile during
stretching.
[0054] Consequently, also the yarn B' deriving from stretching is
obtained, if viewed in cross section as represented in FIG. 3, in
the form of a strip of the width of, for example, 9-10 mm
constituted (as in the case of the "length" of strip B from which
it has been obtained) by a plurality of filiform segments B1' set
alongside one another and connected together by more slender
connection portions B2', with the segments B1' that have thickened
end parts.
[0055] For example, in the case of the yarn B', the segments B1'
can have a width of 1.1-1.3 mm and a thickness (maximum, in an area
corresponding to the thickened ends) of 130-150 micron. The slender
connection portions B2' can instead typically have a width of
approximately 30 micron and a thickness of 10 micron in the
thinnest area.
[0056] Once again it is recalled that the aforesaid dimensional
values are provided purely by way of example and are not to be
interpreted as in any sense limiting the scope of the invention
described herein.
[0057] In any case, the slender portions B2' are very brittle, so
that the single yarn B' can be easily fibrillated, i.e., split into
individual threads, each corresponding to one of the segments B1',
by breaking the slender portions B2' with a modest stress such as
the one deriving from the operation of twisting normally performed
for winding the yarn B' onto reels R according to the modalities
and for the purposes described in the introductory part of the
present description. The strip B' thus behaves as a true strip,
with all the resulting advantages, until the operation of twisting,
when the strip then divides up into the individual strands.
[0058] In FIG. 1, the reference number 24 indicates a processing
station, which, operating according to criteria in themselves known
(i.e., basically according to techniques of tufting or the like)
enables formation, starting from the yarn B' wound on reels R, of a
synthetic-grass covering designated as a whole by S.
[0059] This is basically a synthetic-grass structure S that
comprises a sheetlike substrate K, from which there extends a
plurality of filiform formations (constituted by the yarn B') that
simulate the grassy sward of natural grass cover.
[0060] Specifically, the weaving station 24 operates by
"implanting" in the sheetlike substrate K formations each
comprising a sort of tuft of yarn B' having a looped part L that
passes underneath the substrate K and two lateral branches that
extend vertically above the substrate K, simulating blades of
grass.
[0061] The synthetic-grass structure S is suited to receiving (once
again according to altogether known criteria) a filling with
particulate material F dispersed between the filiform formations so
as to keep the filiform formations themselves in a substantially
upright condition. For example, the particulate filling material
(infill) F in question may be constituted by a substantially
homogeneous mass of a granular material chosen from the group
constituted by materials with a base of polyolefin and by materials
with a base of vinyl polymer.
[0062] In any case, the characteristics of operation of the weaving
station 24 and the criteria of production of the synthetic-grass
covering S do not constitute elements of specific importance for
the purposes of an understanding and implementation of the present
invention. The solution according to the invention is suited in
fact to being used also in the context of synthetic-grass coverings
made according to criteria different from the ones represented in
FIG. 4.
[0063] For example (and without evidently wishing to limit the
scope of the invention in any way), the filiform formations that
extend above the sheetlike substrate K, instead of having their
distal ends free (according to the plush or velvety configuration,
represented in FIG. 4) can instead be connected to one another,
creating loop formations.
[0064] FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the appearance of a length of yarn
B', respectively before and after separation of the individual
segments B1' deriving from breaking of the slender portions B2'
originally connecting the segments themselves. After their
separation, the segments B1' preserve their individuality
precisely, without undergoing further fragmentation.
[0065] Unlike what happens in fibrillation treatments of a
traditional type, the structure of the yarn B' means that the yarn
B' itself gives rise to a plurality of filiform elements B1', the
characteristics of which are defined precisely, for example, so
that (according to a currently preferred, but non-imperative,
embodiment) the filiform elements B1' are substantially the same as
one another.
[0066] The expression "currently preferred, but non-imperative,
embodiment" is intended to take into account the fact that, in some
applications, the fact that the filiform segments B1' (and hence
the segments B1 of FIG. 3 and the segments 1600 of the portion of a
threading die 160), which are not the same as one another, but
present different dimensions (being, for example, alternatively,
"wide" and "narrow"), may be considered preferable.
[0067] Whatever the choice adopted, the solution described herein
in any case prevents one of the traditional drawbacks of the
operations of fibrillation, namely, the fragmentation of each blade
of yarn in an irregular (in effect random) way, with the consequent
formation of fibrils of different width, frequently so thin as to
break up and crumble under minimum stress. At the same time, the
solution described herein does not alter appreciably the criteria
of production of the synthetic-grass covering S, in particular as
regards the development of the operation of "weaving" of the
synthetic-grass covering. In particular, the (somewhat burdensome)
operation, inevitably required by single-thread techniques, namely
of having to aggregate a certain number of single threads to form a
tuft, is avoided.
[0068] Persons skilled in the sector will likewise appreciate that
the operation of separation of the segments B1' (i.e., breaking of
the slender portions B2') is not in any way indissolubly linked to
the possible re-twisting of the yarn B'.
[0069] Purely by way of example, the operation of separation of the
segments B1' (breaking of the slender portions B2') can be
performed or completed after the yarn B' has been woven with the
substrate K, for example, with an operation of brushing of the
synthetic-grass covering formed by the yarn B', performed, for
instance, with a rotary brush that subjects the yarn B' to
mechanical stress, bringing about fragmentation of the yarn itself
in an area corresponding to the slender portions B2'.
[0070] Albeit without wishing to be tied down to any specific
theory in this connection, the present applicant has reasons to
believe that the precision with which the segments B1' are
separated from one another, for example, following upon mere
twisting of the strip or strip B' of which the segments themselves
originally form part, as well as the fact that, after separation,
the segments preserve precisely their own individuality, without
undergoing further fragmentation, are indissolubly linked to the
mechanism of formation of the aforesaid strip B' (and of the strip
B from which the same is obtained by stretching), i.e., to the fact
that the segments B1' (and B1) present end parts (between which
there extend the slender portions B2' and, respectively, B2)
thickened with respect to the central part, a fact which in turn
derives from the portions of a threading die 160, in which the
segments 162 have end parts 1620 that are wider than the central
part 1622.
[0071] Of course, without prejudice to the principle of the
invention, the details of construction and the embodiments may
vary, even extensively, with respect to what is described and
illustrated herein purely by way of non-limiting example, without
thereby departing from the scope of the invention as defined by the
annexed claims.
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