U.S. patent application number 11/501499 was filed with the patent office on 2008-02-14 for thin-film eas and rfid antennas.
This patent application is currently assigned to Sensormatic Electronics Corporation. Invention is credited to Adam S. Bergman, Stewart E. Hall, Manuel A. Soto.
Application Number | 20080036687 11/501499 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38662830 |
Filed Date | 2008-02-14 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080036687 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Bergman; Adam S. ; et
al. |
February 14, 2008 |
Thin-film EAS and RFID antennas
Abstract
An antenna assembly is capable of being installed in a structure
wherein the structure includes a covering and a substructure and
the antenna assembly is configured with thin film materials to have
a total thickness such that the antenna assembly can be disposed
between the substructure and the covering. The antenna assembly may
have a total thickness not greater than about 15 millimeters (mm),
and may include at least one of a transmitter antenna, a
transceiver antenna, and a receiver antenna. The receiver antenna
may be configured as an air core antenna or a non-air core antenna.
The receiver antenna may be configured as a non-air core receiver
antenna in an internal compartment over or within a base insulating
layer. The antenna assembly may be at least partially housed within
a housing assembly of thin film materials so that both can be
disposed between the substructure and the covering.
Inventors: |
Bergman; Adam S.; (Boca
Raton, FL) ; Hall; Stewart E.; (Wellington, FL)
; Soto; Manuel A.; (Lake Worth, FL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
IP LEGAL DEPARTMENT;TYCO FIRE & SECURITY SERVICES
ONE TOWN CENTER ROAD
BOCA RATON
FL
33486
US
|
Assignee: |
Sensormatic Electronics
Corporation
Boca Raton
FL
|
Family ID: |
38662830 |
Appl. No.: |
11/501499 |
Filed: |
August 8, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
343/895 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01Q 7/06 20130101; H01Q
1/40 20130101; H01Q 7/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
343/895 |
International
Class: |
H01Q 1/36 20060101
H01Q001/36 |
Claims
1. An antenna assembly capable of being installed in a structure
wherein the structure comprises a covering and a substructure and
the antenna assembly is configured with thin film materials to have
a total thickness such that the antenna assembly can be disposed
between the substructure and the covering.
2. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein the antenna
assembly comprises at least one of (a) a transmitter antenna (b) a
transceiver antenna, and (c) a receiver antenna, the receiver
antenna being configured as one of an air core antenna and a
non-air core antenna.
3. The antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein the antenna
assembly comprises a base insulating layer, and wherein at least
one of the transmitter antenna, the transceiver antenna and the
receiver antenna is at least partially disposed on the base
insulating layer.
4. The antenna assembly according to claim 3, wherein the base
insulating layer comprises a common planar surface, and wherein the
at least one of the transmitter antenna, the transceiver antenna
and the receiver antenna is at least partially disposed on the
common planar surface of the base insulating layer.
5. The antenna assembly according to claim 4, wherein the receiver
antenna is configured as a non-air core receiver antenna and is
substantially disposed in an internal compartment one of (a)over
the common planar surface of the base insulating layer and
(b)within the base insulating layer.
6. The antenna assembly according to claim 3, wherein the antenna
assembly further comprises an enclosure insulating layer, the
enclosure insulating layer at least partially disposed on the at
least one of the transmitter antenna, the transceiver antenna and
the receiver antenna.
7. The antenna assembly according to claim 3, wherein the antenna
assembly further comprises a support insulating layer, the base
insulating layer at least partially disposed on the support
insulating layer.
8. The antenna assembly according to claim 7, further comprising a
filler insulating layer at least partially disposed between the
base insulating layer and the support insulating layer.
9. The antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein the at least
one of the transmitter antenna, the transceiver antenna, and the
receiver antenna comprises: at least one antenna trace conductor
including a start end conductor layer portion and a finish end
conductor layer portion each having a thickness, wherein the finish
end conductor layer portion crosses one of over and under the start
end conductor layer portion to form an end crossover section of the
antenna assembly, and wherein the end crossover section includes
the antenna trace conductor and an antenna assembly base insulating
layer having a thickness and disposed between the start end
conductor layer portion and the finish end conductor layer
portion.
10. The antenna assembly according to claim 6, wherein the antenna
assembly is at least partially housed within a housing assembly,
the housing assembly configured with thin film materials such that
both the housing assembly and the antenna assembly can be disposed
between the substructure and the covering.
11. The antenna assembly according to claim 10, wherein the housing
assembly comprises the enclosure insulating layer, the base
insulating layer and an outer wall along an outer periphery of the
antenna assembly, the housing assembly at least partially housing
the antenna assembly thereby.
12. The antenna assembly according to claim 11, wherein the housing
assembly further comprises an inner wall along an inner periphery
of the antenna assembly, the housing assembly at least partially
housing the antenna assembly thereby.
13. The antenna assembly according to claim 10, wherein the housing
assembly is configured such that the antenna assembly is
hermetically sealed.
14. The antenna assembly according to claim 8, wherein the antenna
assembly is at least partially housed within a housing assembly,
the housing assembly configured with thin film materials such that
both the housing assembly and the antenna assembly can be disposed
between the substructure and the covering.
15. The antenna assembly according to claim 14, wherein the housing
assembly comprises the enclosure insulating layer, the base
insulating layer, the filler insulating layer, the support
insulating layer, and an outer wall on an outer periphery of the
antenna assembly, the housing assembly at least partially housing
the antenna assembly thereby.
16. The antenna assembly according to claim 15, wherein the housing
assembly further comprises an inner wall along an inner periphery
of the antenna assembly, the housing assembly at least partially
housing the antenna assembly thereby.
17. The antenna assembly according to claim 14, wherein the housing
assembly is configured such that the antenna assembly is
hermetically sealed.
18. The antenna assembly according to claim 5, wherein the receiver
antenna configured as a non-air core receiver antenna is
substantially disposed in the internal compartment within the base
insulating layer, the base insulating layer having a thickness
including: a first sub-layer having a thickness; a second sub-layer
having a thickness; and a base sub-layer disposed therebetween
having a thickness, wherein the base sub-layer includes the
internal compartment defined therein formed by the first and second
sub-layers.
19. The antenna assembly according to claim 2, wherein the receiver
antenna configured as a non-air core receiver antenna comprises a
wire loop at least partially coiled around at least one bar of
magnetic material formed in a thin-film construction.
20. The antenna assembly according to claim 1, wherein the antenna
assembly has a total thickness not greater than about 15
millimeters (mm).
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] 1. Field of the Disclosure
[0002] The present disclosure relates to antenna assemblies for
electronic article surveillance (EAS) or radiofrequency
identification (RFID) which are made of thin films and/or thin film
materials.
[0003] 2. Background of Related Art
[0004] Electronic article surveillance (EAS) systems project a
electromagnetic field into an interrogation zone usually at the
exit of a retail store. The electromagnetic field excites a marker
that returns a signal to the EAS system which alarms to indicate
the presence of an EAS marker within the interrogation zone. EAS
markers may be placed on merchandise to prevent unauthorized
removal of tagged merchandise from a retail establishment, while
EAS system transmitter antennas are used to project the
electromagnetic field into the interrogation zone. EAS system
receiver antennas are used to detect the returned signal from the
EAS marker. EAS system transceiver antennas are constructed to
perform both transmit and receive functions. By proper design and
configuration of the EAS antennas, the system may provide an
electromagnetic field of sufficient intensity to adequately excite
the EAS marker and provide adequate receive sensitivity so that the
return signal received by the EAS system may be detected above the
electromagnetic noise in the retail environment. [0005] Properly
designed EAS system antennas provide electromagnetic fields that
provide the following characteristics: [0006] cover the entire
interrogation zone with sufficient intensity field to excite an EAS
marker; [0007] have adequate intensity in all spatial orientations
throughout the interrogation zone; [0008] do not extend beyond the
interrogation zone at high intensities that would cause tagged
merchandise outside the interrogation zone to alarm the system; and
[0009] comply with regulatory requirements for electromagnetic
field emissions.
[0010] In addition, because the interrogation zone is often located
in locations where retailers desire to display merchandise for
sale, typical EAS antenna systems are either concealed or small and
streamlined so that the system installation meets the retailer's
aesthetic requirements.
[0011] In addition, the system also needs to be designed so that
the transmitter(s) and the antenna(s) meet the various regulatory
or safety agency requirements.
[0012] Traditional EAS systems have relied on antennas that are
placed in pedestals positioned on opposite sides of an entrance.
The antennas project the magnetic field across the opening.
However, there is a practical limit as to how wide of an opening
may be covered by an EAS system due to limitations in the size of
the antennas and the regulatory or safety limitations on the
intensity of the electromagnetic field strength.
[0013] As a result, the use of pedestals is often impractical to
provide an interrogation zone to cover very large openings such as
those at mall entrances or exits due to the challenges in meeting
the above listed requirements.
[0014] In order to adequately cover a wide area such as a mall
entrance or exit, an array of several wire loop antennas may be
buried in the concrete under the flooring. Such loop antennas are
designed as transceivers and project magnetic fields into the
region above the floor to detect the returned signal from the EAS
marker. Typically these types of antennas are capable of covering
an interrogation zone extending up to about 1.2 meters above the
floor. Such an antenna also has the advantage of being modular so
that it may be extended to cover various width openings. One such
system is marketed by Sensormatic Electronics (Boca Raton, Fla.,
USA) under the brand name "Floormax".
[0015] Typically, this type of design has the following
installation characteristics: [0016] The antenna coils are mounted
in the floor and require significant excavation of the sub-floor
for installation; [0017] After installation the antennas are
encased in concrete that is re-poured over and around the antennas
making them inaccessible without further excavation.
[0018] In installations where no metal is present the antennas may
be mounted over the sub-floor without excavation. But, due to the
thickness of the antenna coil, when antennas are mounted above the
sub-floor, layers of additional concrete must be floated onto the
surface of the sub-floor to form a gradual slope to cover the
antenna. This gradually sloped region may extend several feet on
all sides of the antenna. This concrete work is often expensive and
may be impractical in some cases.
[0019] U.S. Patent Application Publication No. US 2004/0135690 A1,
entitled "WIDE EXIT ELECTRONIC ARTICLE SURVEILLANCE ANTENNA SYSTEM"
by Copeland. et. al., published on Jul. 15, 2004, and U.S. Patent
Application Publication No. US 2004/0217866 A1, also entitled "WIDE
EXIT ELECTRONIC ARTICLE SURVEILLANCE ANTENNA SYSTEM" by Copeland et
al., published Nov. 4, 2004, both being incorporated by reference
herein in their entirety, describe several different systems to
cover wide exits or entrances and use various combinations of the
following antenna characteristics: [0020] overhead/ceiling mounted
ferrite core transceiver or transmitter antennas; [0021] side/wall
mounted ferrite core transceiver or transmitter antennas; [0022]
overhead / ceiling mounted wire-loop transceiver or transmitter
antennas; [0023] side/wall mounted wire-loop transceiver or
transmitter antennas; [0024] perimeter wire-loop transceiver or
transmitter antennas that extend around the entire perimeter of the
interrogation zone; [0025] side/wall mounted core receiver
antennas; [0026] overhead / ceiling mounted core receiver antennas;
[0027] floor mounted core receiver antennas designed to be mounted
in trenches in the sub-floor; [0028] floor mounted loop receiver
antennas also designed to be mounted in small trenches in the
sub-floor.
[0029] However, systems using receivers in the floor still require
cutting trenches in the sub-floor routing of wire-loop or core
receiver antennas. This is often undesirable due to the expense and
inconvenience to the retailer.
[0030] Other efforts have been disclosed using a perimeter
wire-loop transceiver or transmitter antenna with added
overhead/ceiling mounted or side/wall mounted core receiver
antennas to cover the interrogation zone. This solution has been
successfully deployed for openings up to 3 meters high and about 5
meters in width. Again, this system also requires cutting trenches
in the floor to install wire-loop antenna which is undesirable.
[0031] As a result, many known approaches require excavation or
trenching of the subfloor to allow installation.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0032] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a very
thin antenna structure that may be used as a transmitter antenna, a
receiver or a transceiver that is thin enough to be mounted under
the flooring without any need for cutting or modification of the
structure of the subfloor.
[0033] More particularly, the present disclosure relates to an
antenna assembly particularly suitable for an electronic article
surveillance (EAS) and/or a radiofrequency identification (RFID)
network. In one embodiment, the antenna assembly is capable of
being installed in a structure wherein the structure comprises a
covering and a substructure and the antenna assembly is configured
with thin film materials to have a total thickness such that the
antenna assembly can be disposed between the substructure and the
covering. The antenna assembly may have a total thickness not
greater than about 15 millimeters (mm).
[0034] The antenna assembly may include at least one of (a) a
transmitter antenna (b) a transceiver antenna, and (c) a receiver
antenna, with the receiver antenna being configured as one of an
air core antenna and a non-air core antenna. The antenna assembly
may include a base insulating layer, and at least one of the
transmitter antenna, the transceiver antenna and the receiver
antenna may be at least partially disposed on the base insulating
layer. The base insulating layer may include a common planar
surface, and at least one of the transmitter antenna, the
transceiver antenna and the receiver antenna may be at least
partially disposed on the common planar surface of the base
insulating layer.
[0035] The receiver antenna may be configured as a non-air core
receiver antenna and may be substantially disposed in an internal
compartment that is over the common planar surface of the base
insulating layer or within the base insulating layer. The antenna
assembly may further include an enclosure insulating layer. The
enclosure insulating layer may be at least partially disposed on
the at least one of the transmitter antenna, the transceiver
antenna and the receiver antenna. The antenna assembly may further
include a support insulating layer, with the base insulating layer
being at least partially disposed on the support insulating layer.
A filler insulating layer may be at least partially disposed
between the base insulating layer and the support insulating
layer.
[0036] In one embodiment, the transmitter antenna and/or the
transceiver antenna and/or the receiver antenna may include at
least one antenna trace conductor including a start end conductor
layer portion and a finish end conductor layer portion each having
a thickness, wherein the finish end conductor layer portion crosses
one of over and under the start end conductor layer portion to form
an end crossover section of the antenna assembly, and wherein the
end crossover section includes the antenna trace conductor and an
antenna assembly base insulating layer having a thickness and
disposed between the start end conductor layer portion and the
finish end conductor layer portion.
[0037] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly may be at least
partially housed within a housing assembly, with the housing
assembly configured with thin film materials such that both the
housing assembly and the antenna assembly can be disposed between
the substructure and the covering. The housing assembly may include
the enclosure insulating layer, the base insulating layer and an
outer wall along an outer periphery of the antenna assembly so that
the housing assembly at least partially houses the antenna assembly
thereby. The housing assembly may further include an inner wall
along an inner periphery of the antenna assembly, so that the
housing assembly at least partially houses the antenna assembly
thereby. The housing assembly may be configured such that the
antenna assembly is hermetically sealed. When the antenna assembly
is at least partially housed within a housing assembly, the housing
assembly may be configured with thin film materials such that both
the housing assembly and the antenna assembly can be disposed
between the substructure and the covering.
[0038] In one embodiment, when the receiver antenna is configured
as a non-air core receiver antenna and is substantially disposed in
the internal compartment within the base insulating layer, the base
insulating layer may have a thickness including a first sub-layer
having a thickness, a second sub-layer having a thickness, and a
base sub-layer disposed therebetween having a thickness wherein the
base sub-layer includes the internal compartment defined therein
formed by the first and second sub-layers. The receiver antenna
configured as a non-air core receiver antenna may include a wire
loop at least partially coiled around at least one bar of magnetic
material formed in a thin-film construction.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] The subject matter regarded as the embodiments is
particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding
portion of the specification. The embodiments, however, to
organization and method of operation, together with objects,
features, and advantages thereof, may best be understood by
reference to the following detailed description when read with the
accompanying drawings in which:
[0040] FIG. 1 is a plan view of a single loop air core transmitter
or transceiver assembly using thin film construction and partially
illustrating a housing assembly housing the transmitter or
transceiver assembly according to one embodiment of the present
disclosure;
[0041] FIG. 1A is a plan view of the area of detail of the
transmitter or transceiver assembly and partially illustrated
housing assembly of FIG. 1;
[0042] FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the area of
detail of the transmitter or transceiver assembly and housing
assembly completely illustrated at a cross-over region taken along
line 1B-1B of FIG. 1A and as disposed in a floor;
[0043] FIG. 1B' is a cross-sectional elevation view of the area of
detail of the transmitter or transceiver assembly at a cross-over
region and a variation of the completely illustrated housing
assembly taken along line 1B'-1B' of FIG. 1A and as disposed in a
floor;
[0044] FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the
completely illustrated housing assembly and transmitter or
transceiver assembly taken along line 1C-1C of FIG. 1 and as
disposed in a floor;
[0045] FIG. 1C' is a cross-sectional elevation view of the
variation of the completely illustrated housing assembly and
transmitter or transceiver assembly taken along line 1C'-1C' of
FIG. 1 and as disposed in a floor;
[0046] FIG. 2 is a plan view of an alternate embodiment of a single
air core transmitter or transceiver loop winding antenna assembly
using thin film construction methods and partially illustrating a
housing assembly housing the antenna assembly according to the
present disclosure;
[0047] FIG. 2A is a plan view of the area of detail of the single
transmitter or transceiver loop assembly and partially illustrated
housing assembly of FIG. 2;
[0048] FIG. 2B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the area of
detail of the transmitter or transceiver assembly and the housing
assembly completely illustrated at a cross-over region taken along
section line 2B-2B of FIG. 2 and as disposed in a floor;
[0049] FIG. 2B' is a cross-sectional elevation view of the area of
detail of the transmitter or transceiver assembly at a cross-over
region and a variation of the completely illustrated housing
assembly taken along line 2B'-2B' of FIG. 2 and as disposed in a
floor;
[0050] FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the
completely illustrated housing assembly and transmitter or
transceiver assembly taken along line 2C-2C of FIG. 2 and as
disposed in a floor;
[0051] FIG. 2C' is a cross-sectional elevation view of the
transmitter or transceiver assembly and the variation of the
completely illustrated housing assembly taken along line 2C'-2C' of
FIG. 2;
[0052] FIG. 3 illustrates one embodiment of an antenna assembly
showing separate air core transmitter and receiver windings using
thin film construction and partially illustrating a housing
assembly housing the antenna assembly according to the present
disclosure;
[0053] FIG. 3A is a plan view of the area of detail of the antenna
assembly showing separate transmitter and receiver windings and of
the partially illustrated housing assembly of FIG. 3;
[0054] FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the area of
detail of an end cross-over region of the housing assembly
completely illustrated and antenna assembly of FIGS. 3 and 3A taken
along section line 3B-3B of FIG. 3A and as disposed in a floor;
[0055] FIG. 3B' is a cross-sectional elevation view of the area of
detail of an end cross-over region of the housing assembly
completely illustrated and antenna assembly of FIGS. 3 and 3A taken
along section line 3B-3B of FIG. 3A and as disposed in a floor;
[0056] FIG. 3C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the area of
detail of an end cross-over region of the antenna assembly and
housing assembly completely illustrated of FIGS. 3 and 3A taken
along section line 3C-3C of FIG. 3A and as disposed in a floor;
[0057] FIG. 3C' is a cross-sectional elevation view of an end
cross-over region of the antenna assembly and housing assembly
completely illustrated of FIGS. 3 and 3A taken along section line
3C-3C of FIG. 3A and as disposed in a floor;
[0058] FIG. 3D is a cross-sectional elevation view of the
completely illustrated housing assembly and antenna assembly taken
along line 3D-3D of FIG. 3 and as disposed in a floor;
[0059] FIG. 3D' is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly and the variation of the completely illustrated housing
assembly taken along line 3D'-3D' of FIG. 3
[0060] FIG. 4 is a plan view illustrating one embodiment of an air
core antenna assembly showing a single transmitter winding with
multiple receiver windings and partially illustrating a housing
assembly housing the antenna assembly according to the present
disclosure;
[0061] FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly and housing assembly completely illustrated taken along
section line 4A-4A of FIG. 4 and disposed in a floor;
[0062] FIG. 5 is a plan view illustrating one embodiment of an air
core antenna assembly with multiple transmitter and multiple
receiver windings and partially illustrating a housing assembly
housing the antenna assembly according to the present
disclosure;
[0063] FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly and housing assembly completely illustrated taken along
section line 5A-5A of FIG. 5 and disposed in a floor;
[0064] FIG. 6 is a plan view illustrating one embodiment of an air
core antenna assembly with multiple transceiver windings and
partially illustrating a housing assembly housing the antenna
assembly according to the present disclosure;
[0065] FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly and housing assembly completely illustrated taken along
section line 6A-6A of FIG. 6 and disposed in a floor;
[0066] FIG. 7 is a plan view illustrating thin film conductors for
an alternative antenna assembly having a transmitter antenna
assembly with an internal compartment for a non-air core receiver
antenna assembly and partially illustrating a housing assembly
according to the present disclosure;
[0067] FIG. 7A is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly of FIG. 7 with the housing assembly completely illustrated
and taken along line 7A-7A of FIG. 7 and as disposed in a
floor;
[0068] FIG. 7B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly of FIG. 7 and a variation of the completely illustrated
housing assembly taken along line 7B-7B of FIG. 7 and as disposed
in a floor;
[0069] FIG. 7C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly of FIG. 7 and an e embodiment of the completely
illustrated housing assembly taken along line 7C-7C of and as
disposed in a floor;
[0070] FIG. 7D is an enlarged view of a portion of the antenna
assembly and housing assembly shown in FIG. 7C;
[0071] FIG. 7E is an enlarged view of another portion of the
antenna assembly and housing assembly shown in FIG. 7C;
[0072] FIG. 8 is a plan view illustrating thin film conductors for
an alternative antenna assembly having a pair of transmitter
antenna assemblies each with an internal compartment for a non-air
core receiver antenna assembly and partially illustrating a housing
assembly according to the present disclosure; and
[0073] FIG. 8A is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly of FIG. 8 with the housing assembly completely illustrated
and taken along line 8A-8A of FIG. 8 and as disposed in a
floor;
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0074] Numerous specific details may be set forth herein to provide
a thorough understanding of the embodiments of the invention. It
will be understood by those skilled in the art, however, that
various embodiments of the invention may be practiced without these
specific details. In other instances, well-known methods,
procedures, components and circuits have not been described in
detail so as not to obscure the various embodiments of the
invention. It can be appreciated that the specific structural and
functional details disclosed herein are representative and do not
necessarily limit the scope of the invention.
[0075] It is worthy to note that any reference in the specification
to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" according to the present
disclosure means that a particular feature, structure, or
characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is
included in at least one embodiment. The appearances of the phrase
"in one embodiment" in various places in the specification are not
necessarily all referring to the same embodiment.
[0076] Some embodiments may be described using the expression
"coupled" and "connected" along with their derivatives. For
example, some embodiments may be described using the term
"connected" to indicate that two or more elements are in direct
physical or electrical contact with each other. In another example,
some embodiments may be described using the term "coupled" to
indicate that two or more elements are in direct physical or
electrical contact. The term "coupled," however, may also mean that
two or more elements are not in direct contact with each other, but
yet still co-operate or interact with each other. The embodiments
are not limited in this context.
[0077] The present disclosure relates to a very thin antenna
structure that may be used as a transmitter, a receiver or a
transceiver that is thin enough to be mounted under the flooring
without any need for cutting or modification of the structure of
the subfloor. Various embodiments of the antenna assembly are shown
that provide for single or multiple transmitter or transceiver loop
antennas; single or multiple receiver loop antennas; and separate
transmitter and receiver loop antennas.
[0078] Turning now to the specific embodiments of the present
disclosure, FIGS. 1, 1A, 1B and 1C illustrate an embodiment of a
single loop transmitter or transceiver assembly using thin film
construction that may be used for EAS or RFID systems according to
the present disclosure. More particularly, FIG. 1 is a plan view of
single loop transmitter or transceiver assembly 100a using thin
film construction. For purposes of simplification, FIG. 1 only
partially illustrates a housing assembly 1100 housing the
transmitter or transceiver assembly 100. FIG. 1A is a plan view of
the area of detail of the transmitter or transceiver assembly 100a
and partially illustrated housing assembly 1100 of FIG. 1. FIG. 1B
is a cross-sectional elevation view of the area of detail of the
transmitter or transceiver assembly 100a and housing assembly 1100
completely illustrated at a cross-over region taken along line
1B-1B of FIG. 1A. FIG. 1C is a cross-sectional elevation view of
the completely illustrated housing assembly 1100 and transmitter or
transceiver assembly 100a taken along line 1C-1C of FIG. 1. As
described in more detail below, the housing assembly 1100 includes
an outer wall 1110 and an inner wall 1120.
[0079] Antenna assembly 100a includes an antenna 101 at least
partially disposed on a common planar surface 165 of antenna
assembly base substrate or insulating layer 160. Antenna 101
includes an antenna trace conductor 102 having a start end
conductor layer portion 104 and a finish end conductor layer
portion 106. The antenna trace conductor 102 may be configured as a
rectangular spiral as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 1A. However,
alternate configurations such as square, circular, elliptical, or
other such shapes may be employed. The embodiments are not limited
in this context. The start end conductor layer portion 104 forms
one end of the rectangular spiral while the finish end conductor
layer portion 106 forms another end of the rectangular spiral.
[0080] As shown in FIG. 1, starting at a first corner region 108
with the start end conductor layer portion 104, the antenna trace
conductor 102 proceeds in an inward spiral to second, third and
fourth corner regions 110, 112 and 114, respectively, to form a
first loop 116. At the first corner region 108, the antenna trace
conductor 102 proceeds to form a second loop 118, parallel to first
loop 116, in an inward spiral to second, third and fourth corner
regions 110, 112 and 114, respectively. Similarly, at the first
corner region 108, the antenna trace conductor 102 proceeds to form
a third loop 120, parallel to first loop 116 and second loop 118,
in an inward spiral to second, third and fourth corner regions 110,
112 and 114, respectively. Those skilled in the art will recognize
that a greater or a fewer number of loops 116 to 120 may be
employed to configure the antenna 101, and that three loops 116,
118 and 120 are by way of illustration only. Therefore, the antenna
101 is configured to have a multiplicity of loops such as loops 116
to 120. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
[0081] Although the loops 116, 118 and 120 are described as
spiraling inwardly, the loops 116, 118 and 120 may be described as,
or installed on the antenna assembly base insulating layer 160 in a
manner so as to effect, an outward spiral as opposed to an inward
spiral. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
[0082] As best shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, at the first corner region
108, the third loop 120 terminates at a winding trace termination
122 substantially transverse to the first, second and third
parallel loops 116, 118 and 120. At termination position 122, the
antenna trace portion 102 interfaces with the finish end conductor
layer portion 106. The finish end conductor layer portion 106, via
a cross-over member 124, crosses either over or under the start end
conductor layer portion 104 to form an end cross-over region 126 at
the first corner 108. In one embodiment, the cross-over member 124
is in electrical communication with the antenna trace conductor 102
through a via connection 128 disposed in proximity to the winding
trace termination 122. The cross-over member 124 extends either
under, as shown in FIGS. 1, 1A and 1B, or over (not shown) the
first, second and third parallel loops 116, 118 and 120 to a finish
connection 130. The cross-over member 124 is in electrical
communication with the finish connection 130 through a via
connection 132. As a result, the finish connection 130 is in
electrical communication with the antenna trace conductor 102
through the via connections 128 and 132 and the cross-over member
124. In one embodiment, the finish connection 130 is disposed
substantially parallel to and adjacent the first loop 116 such that
the finish end conductor layer portion 106 forms an L-shape.
[0083] As best illustrated in FIG. 1B, the end crossover region 126
includes the antenna trace conductor 102 and the base insulating
layer 160 disposed between the start end conductor layer portion
104 and associated loops 116, 118 and 120 and the finish end
conductor layer portions 106, and, in particular, the cross-over
member 124. Therefore, the start end conductor layer portion 104
and the finish end conductor layer portion 106 are electrically
isolated from each other. The end crossover region 126 of the
antenna assembly 100a may also be configured to be disposed on an
antenna assembly support insulating layer 150; More particularly,
the crossover member 124 is disposed on the support insulating
layer 150. In one embodiment, as specifically illustrated in FIG.
1B, a dummy or filler insulation or insulating layer 155 may be
disposed adjacent to the crossover member 124 and between the
insulating layer 160 and the support insulating layer 150.
[0084] The antenna assembly 100a may also include an antenna
assembly enclosure or top cover insulating layer 170 at least
partially disposed over the antenna assembly 100a and over the
common planar surface 165. In addition, the antenna assembly 100a
is configured such that the end cross-over region 126, the antenna
trace conductor 102, the support insulating layer 150, the base
insulating layer 160, and the enclosure insulating layer 170 are
each constructed of a thin film made from a thin film material. In
particular, the electrically conductive members which are included
in the end cross-over region 126, such as the antenna trace
termination 122, the cross-over members 124, the finish connection
130, and the antenna trace conductor 102, may be constructed of a
thin film of conductive printing, copper tape, or other suitable
electrically conductive material capable of being applied in a thin
film layer. The thin film material of the electrically insulating
members such as first, second and third insulating layers 150, 160
and 170 may be selected from the group consisting of polyvinylidene
fluoride (PVDF), sold under the trade name Kynar.RTM. by Elf
Atochem North America, Inc. of Philadelphia, Pa., USA or Solef.RTM.
by Solvay America, Inc. of Houston, Tex., USA, or a polyester film,
sold under the trade name Mylar.RTM. by E.I. du Pont de Nemours and
Company, Wilmington, Del., USA, either of which is capable of being
applied in a thin film layer. The foregoing materials are specified
by way or example only and those skilled in the art will recognize
that other suitable materials may be employed.
[0085] As a result of construction using the thin film material, a
total maximum height H1 is defined by the thickness of the
cross-over member 124, the base insulating layer 160 over the
cross-over member 124, and the first, second and third parallel
loops 116, 118 and 120 and the finish connection 130 over the base
insulating layer 160. The total maximum height H1 ranges up to 0.7
millimeters (mm).
[0086] In one embodiment, when the antenna assembly 100a further
includes the support or bottom insulating layer 150 and the
enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170, a total maximum height
H1' is defined by the thickness of the support or bottom insulating
layer 150, the cross-over member 124 over the support insulating
layer 150, the base insulating layer 160 over the cross-over member
124, the first, second and third parallel loops 116, 118 and 120
and the finish connection 130 over the base insulating layer 160,
and the enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170 over the first,
second and third parallel loops 116, 118 and 120 and the finish
connection 130.
[0087] As illustrated in FIG. 1B, a structure such as a floor 5 of
an edifice or establishment (not explicitly shown) includes a
substructure or subfloor 10 and a covering such as a flooring or
floor covering 20. Those skilled in the art will recognize that and
understand how the structure may also be a wall or ceiling or other
portion, either indoors or outdoors, of the edifice or
establishment. Similarly, the substructure may be a wall interior,
ceiling interior or the like. The covering may be a wall board or
ceiling surface or the like. The embodiments are not limited in
this context. However, for the purposes of illustration throughout
the present disclosure, the structure is referred to as floor 5 of
an edifice or establishment, the substructure is referred to as
subfloor 10, and the covering is referred to as flooring or floor
covering 20.
[0088] The antenna assembly 100a is configured with the thin film
materials, which include the electrically conductive end cross-over
region 126, such as the antenna trace termination 122, the
cross-over members 124, the finish connection 130, and the antenna
trace conductor 102, and the electrically insulating layers 150,
160 and 170, to have a total thickness, as represented by the total
maximum height H1' , such that the antenna assembly 100a may be
disposed between the subfloor 10 and the flooring or floor covering
20, without significantly altering the structural features of the
floor or causing a deleterious effect to pedestrians or pedestrian
traffic on the floor. The total maximum height H1' ranges up to
about 15 mm, although in most applications, the total maximum
height H1' ranges up to about 1.3 mm. Length L1 and width W1 of the
antenna assembly 100a may be in the range of about 65 cm by about
155 cm, respectively, although the embodiments are not limited in
this context.
[0089] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly 100a may be
configured such that when the support insulating layer 150 and/or
the enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170 is omitted, the
total maximum height H1 equals the total maximum height H1' when
the support insulating layer 150 and/or enclosure insulating layer
or top cover 170 are included. More particularly, the support or
bottom insulating layer 150 may be omitted when the subfloor 10
itself provides an adequate electrically insulating effect.
However, to protect the antenna assembly 100a from environmental
conditions such as moisture fluctuations, the antenna assembly 100a
may be housed at least partially, if not entirely, within the
housing assembly 1100. As illustrated in FIGS. 1, 1B and 1C, base
insulating layer 160 may be at least partially disposed on the
support insulating layer 150. A dummy or filler insulation or
insulating layer 155 may be at least partially disposed between the
base insulating layer 160 and the support insulating layer 150. The
housing assembly 1100 includes an outer wall 1110 extending around
an outer periphery 1115 of the antenna assembly 100. The outer wall
is joined to the enclosure insulating layer 170 and may be joined
to the base insulating layer 160 to at least partially enclose and
house the antenna assembly 100a. The housing assembly 1100 may
include an inner wall 1120 extending around an inner periphery 1125
of the antenna assembly 100. The inner wall 1120 encloses a region
1130 which may be empty space or may contain holes for permeation
of tile adhesive as explained below. The inner periphery 1125 and
portions adjacent thereto may be formed of a solid material.
[0090] In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 1B and 1C, the
housing assembly 1100 may include by incorporation the support
insulating layer 150 as a lower lid and enclosure insulating layer
170 as an upper lid of the housing assembly 1100. The outer and
inner walls 1110 and 1120, respectively, may be joined at least
partially, if-not entirely, to the support insulating layer 150 and
to the enclosure insulating layer 170 at joints 180 to form a
hermetic seal. The housing assembly 1100 further includes a series
of mounting sleeves or rings 1011 that are positioned as required
in the portions of the housing assembly 1100 adjacent to the inner
periphery 1125. Six mounting sleeves or rings 1011 by way of
example are illustrated in FIG. 1, one each in the vicinity of the
four corners formed by the region 1130 and the inner periphery 1125
of the of the inner walls 1120, and one each midway in the
lengthwise direction of housing assembly 1100 on either side of the
inner periphery 1125.
[0091] With the flooring 5 removed, the sub-floor 10 is cleaned.
The housing assembly 1100 containing the antenna assembly 100a is
laid out on the sub-floor 10 at the location desired. Anchor holes
(not shown) are drilled in the sub-floor 10 to accommodate mounting
screws (not shown) corresponding to the series of mounting sleeves
or rings 1011. Once the housing assembly 1100 is mounted in the
desired location using the mounting screws, a tile adhesive may be
placed in the open region 1130 which may be empty space or may
contain holes for permeation of the tile adhesive.
[0092] Referring now to FIGS. 1, 1A, 1B' and 1C', in a variation of
the embodiment of the housing assembly 1100, an antenna assembly
100b may be incorporated into a housing assembly 1200. The housing
assembly 1200 and antenna assembly 100b are identical to housing
assembly 1100 and antenna assembly 100a, respectively, except that,
as illustrated in FIG. 1B', at the cross-over region 126, the
support insulating layer 150' on which the cross-over member 124 is
disposed and merges by the upward bend 151 with the base insulating
layer 160 to form the corner region or joint 156. The dummy or
filler insulation 155 is now omitted throughout the antenna
assembly 100' except for the cross-over region 126.
[0093] Referring also to FIG. 1C', the housing assembly 1200 now
includes an outer wall 1210 extending around an outer periphery
1215 of the antenna assembly 100'. The housing assembly 1200 may
include an inner wall 1220 extending around an inner periphery 1225
of the antenna assembly 100'. The outer and inner walls 1210 and
1220, respectively, may be joined at joints 180 to the enclosure
insulating layer 170 and to the base insulating layer 150 to at
least partially enclose and house the antenna assembly 100b
thereby. The inner wall 1220 now encloses a region 1230 which may
be empty space or may contain holes for permeation of tile adhesive
as previously explained above. The inner periphery 1225 and
portions adjacent thereto may be formed of a solid material. In a
manner analogous to mounting sleeves or rings 1011 of housing
assembly 1100, the housing assembly 1200 further includes a series
of mounting sleeves or rings 1012 that are positioned as required
in the portions of the housing assembly 1200 adjacent to the inner
periphery 1225.
[0094] By comparing the housing assembly 1100 and antenna assembly
100a illustrated in FIG. 1C to the housing assembly 1200 and
antenna assembly 100b illustrated in FIG. 1C, it is evident that
for the same thicknesses of the materials being incorporated,
height H1a of the outer wall 1110 and inner wall 1120 of housing
assembly 1100 is greater than height H1b of the outer wall 1210 and
inner wall 1220 of housing assembly 1200. Therefore, the housing
assembly 1200 provides a lower profile, except at the crossover
region 126, as compared to the housing assembly 1100.
[0095] FIGS. 2, 2A, 2B and 2C illustrate an alternate embodiment of
a single loop transmitter or transceiver assembly for EAS or RFID
using thin film construction according to the present disclosure.
More particularly, FIG. 2 illustrates an alternate embodiment of
the single transmitter or transceiver loop winding antenna assembly
100a or 100b using thin film construction methods. Again, for
purposes of simplification, FIG. 2 only partially illustrates a
housing assembly 1100' housing air core antenna assembly 100a' or
100b'. FIG. 2A is a plan view of the area of detail of the single
transmitter or transceiver loop assembly 100a' or 100b' and
partially illustrated housing assembly of FIG. 2. FIG. 2B is a
cross-sectional elevation view of the area of detail of the
transmitter or transceiver assembly 100a and the housing assembly
1100' completely illustrated at a cross-over region taken along
section line 2B-2B of FIG. 2. FIG. 2C is a cross-sectional
elevation view of the completely illustrated housing assembly 1100'
and transmitter or transceiver assembly 100a' taken along line
2C-2C of FIG. 2. Again, as described in more detail below, the
housing assembly 1100' includes an outer wall 1110' and inner wall
1120.
[0096] More particularly, antenna assembly 100a' includes an
antenna 101' at least partially disposed on the common planar
surface 165 of substrate or base insulating layer 160. Antenna 101'
includes the antenna trace conductor 102 having start end conductor
layer portion 104 and a finish end conductor layer portion
106'.
[0097] Antenna 101' is identical to antenna 101, the difference
being that the finish end conductor layer portion 106' in first
corner 108 has an L-shaped combination cross-over member and finish
connection 134 which is in electrical communication with the
antenna trace 102 through the via connection 128 which is disposed
in proximity to the winding trace termination 122. The L-shape of
the combination cross-over member and finish connection 134 is
formed by a first branch 136 and a second branch 138 disposed
transversely to one another to form an L-shape.
[0098] As best shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the combination cross-over
member and finish connection 134 crosses either under, or over (not
shown), the start end conductor layer portion 104 to form an end
cross-over region 126' at the first corner 108. More particularly,
the first branch 136 crosses under the third loop 120 and the
second loop 118 and only a portion of the first loop 116. The
second branch 138 is partially disposed under the start end
conductor layer portion 104 such that a lateral edge 140 of the
second branch 138 extends past a lateral edge 142 of the first loop
116. The antenna 101' is configured to have a multiplicity of loops
such as loops 116 to 120.
[0099] The end crossover region 126' includes the antenna trace
conductor 102 and the base insulating layer 160 disposed between
the start end conductor layer portion 104 and associated loops 116,
118 and 120 and the finish end conductor layer portion 106', and,
in particular, the combination cross-over member and finish
connection 134. Therefore, the start end conductor layer portion
104 and the finish end conductor layer portion 106' are
electrically isolated from each other.
[0100] Those skilled in the art will recognize that, and understand
how, in that the antenna assembly 100 as previously discussed with
respect to FIGS. 1, 1A and 1B, and the antenna assembly 100' are
operated by alternating current, the designation of end conductor
layer portion 104 as the start end conductor layer portion and the
designation of end conductor layer portion 106 and end conductor
layer portion 106' as the finish end conductor layer portion are
chosen arbitrarily for convenience of description only and that end
conductor layer portion 104 may also be described as the finish end
conductor layer portion and end conductor layer portion 106 and
106' may also be described as the start end conductor layer
portion.
[0101] As illustrated in FIG. 2B, the antenna assembly 100' may
also include the top cover or enclosure insulating layer 170. In
addition, the antenna assembly 100' is configured such that the
electrically conductive members included in the end cross-over
region 126', and the antenna trace conductor 102, and the
electrically insulating members such as substrate or support
insulating layer 150, the base insulating layer 160, and the top
cover or enclosure insulating layer 170 are each constructed of a
thin film made from a thin film material, as discussed previously.
The end cross-over region 126' may be formed of the same materials
as previously described for end cross-over region 126.
[0102] As a result of construction using the thin film material, a
total maximum height H2 is defined by the thickness of the
combination cross-over member and finish connection 134, the base
insulating layer 160 over the combination cross-over member and
finish connection 134, and the first, second and third parallel
loops 116, 118 and 120 over the base insulating layer 160. The
total maximum height H2 ranges up to about 0.7 mm.
[0103] In one embodiment, when the electrode assembly 100' further
includes the support or bottom insulating layer 150 and the
enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170, a total maximum height
H2' is defined by the thickness of the support or bottom insulating
layer 150, the combination cross-over member and finish connection
134 over the support insulating layer 150, the base insulating
layer 160 over the combination cross-over member and finish
connection 134, the first, second and third parallel loops 116, 118
and 120 over the base insulating layer 160, and the enclosure
insulating layer or top cover 170 over the first, second and third
parallel loops 116, 118 and 120. The total maximum height H2'
ranges up to about 1.3 mm although dimensions as large as about 15
mm are possible.
[0104] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly 100' may be
configured such that when the support or bottom insulating layer
150 and/or the enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170 are/is
omitted, the total maximum height H2 equals the total maximum
height H2' when the support or bottom insulating layer 150 and/or
the enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170 are/is
included.
[0105] Again, to protect the antenna assembly 100a' from
environmental conditions such as moisture fluctuations, the antenna
assembly 100a' may be housed at least partially, if not entirely,
within the housing assembly 1100'. As illustrated in FIGS. 2, 2B
and 2C, base insulating layer 160 may be at least partially
disposed on the support insulating layer 150. The dummy or filler
insulation or insulating layer 155 may be at least partially
disposed between the base insulating layer 160 and the support
insulating layer 150. The housing assembly 1100' includes an outer
wall 1110' extending around an outer periphery 1115' of the antenna
assembly 100a' . The outer wall 1110' may again be joined to the
enclosure insulating layer 170 and may be joined to the base
insulating layer 160. The housing assembly 1100' may include the
inner wall 1120 extending around the inner periphery 1125 of the
antenna assembly 100a'. The inner wall 1120 encloses the region
1130 which again may be empty space or may contain holes for
permeation of tile adhesive as explained previously. The inner
periphery 1125 and portions adjacent thereto may be formed of a
solid material.
[0106] In one embodiment, as illustrated in FIGS. 2B and 2C, again
the housing 1100' may include by incorporation the support
insulating layer 150 as a lower lid and enclosure insulating layer
170 as an upper lid of the housing assembly 1100'. The outer and
inner walls 1110' and 1120, respectively, may be joined to the
support insulating layer 150 and to the enclosure insulating layer
170 at joints 180 to form a hermetic seal. The housing assembly
1100' further includes the series of mounting sleeves 1011 that are
positioned as required in the portions of the housing assembly
1100' adjacent to the inner periphery 1125. Again, six mounting
sleeves 1011 by way of example are illustrated in FIG. 2, one each
in the vicinity of the four corners formed by the region 1130 and
the inner periphery 1125 of the of the inner walls 1120, and one
each midway in the lengthwise direction of housing assembly 1100'
on either side of the inner periphery 1125. The housing assembly
1100' differs from housing assembly 1100 described above with
respect to FIGS. 1, 1A, 1B and 1C, in that, referring to FIG. 1,
due to the configuration of the crossover region 126 in the corner
region 108, housing assembly 1100 has a width W1 whereas, referring
to FIG. 2, due to the configuration of the crossover region 126' in
the corner region 108, housing assembly 1100' has a width W1'. The
width W1 is governed primarily by the position of the finish
connection 130 (see FIGS. 1A and 1B), as compared to width W1'
which is governed primarily by the overlapping of the loop winding
116 over the combination cross-over member and finish connection
134, and in particular, the second branch 138 and the lateral edge
140 thereof (see FIGS. 2A and 2B).
[0107] Furthermore, in a similar manner as previously described
with respect to housing assembly 1100 and antenna assembly 100a and
housing assembly 1200 and antenna assembly 100b, the structure or
floor 5 of an edifice or establishment (not explicitly shown)
includes substructure or subfloor 10 and a covering such as
flooring or floor covering 20. The antenna assembly 100a', which
includes the electrically conductive end cross-over region 126', is
configured with thin film materials as applied to the combination
cross-over member and finish connection 134 with respective first
and second branches 136 and 138, respectively, first, second and
third parallel loops 116, 118 and 120, respectively, and the
electrically insulating layers 150, 160 and 170, to have a total
thickness, as represented by the total maximum height 12', such
that the antenna assembly 100 may be disposed between the subfloor
10 and the flooring or floor covering 20, without significantly
altering the structural features of the floor or causing a
deleterious effect to pedestrians or pedestrian traffic on the
floor. The total maximum height H2' ranges up to about 15 mm,
although in most applications, the total maximum height H2' ranges
up to about 1.3 mm. The length L1' and width W1' of the antenna
assembly 100' again may be in the range of about 155 cm by about 65
cm, respectively, although the embodiments are not limited in this
context.
[0108] Referring now to FIGS. 2, 2A, 2B' and 2C', in a variation of
the embodiment of the housing assembly 1100', antenna assembly
100b' may be incorporated into housing assembly 1200'. In a similar
manner as previously described, the antenna assembly 100b' is
identical to antenna assembly 100a' except that, as illustrated in
FIG. 2B', at the cross-over region 126', support insulating layer
150' on which the cross-over member 124 is disposed and merges by
the upward bend 151 with the base insulating layer 160 to form the
corner region or joint 156. Again, the dummy or filler insulation
155 is now omitted throughout the antenna assembly 100' except for
the cross-over region 126';
[0109] Referring also to FIG. 2C', the housing assembly 1200' now
includes an outer wall 1210' extending around an outer periphery
1215' of the antenna assembly 100b'. The housing assembly 1200' may
include the inner wall 1220 extending around the inner periphery
1225 of the antenna assembly 100b'. The inner wall 1220 again
encloses region 1230 which may be empty space or may contain holes
for permeation of tile adhesive as previously explained above
Again, the inner periphery 1225 and portions adjacent thereto may
be formed of a solid material. In a manner analogous to mounting
sleeves 1011 of housing assembly 1100', the housing assembly 1200
further includes a series of mounting sleeves 1012 that are
positioned as required in the portions of the housing assembly
1200' adjacent to the inner periphery 1225.
[0110] By similarly comparing the housing assembly 1100' and
antenna assembly 100a' illustrated in FIG. 2C to the housing
assembly 1200' and antenna assembly 100b' illustrated in FIG. 2C',
it is evident that for the same thicknesses of the materials being
incorporated, height H2a of the outer wall 1110' and inner wall
1120 of housing assembly 1100' is greater than height H2b of the
outer wall 1210' and inner wall 1220 of housing assembly 1200'.
Therefore, the housing assembly 1200' also provides a lower
profile, except at the crossover region 126, as compared to the
housing assembly 1100'.
[0111] FIGS. 3, 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D, and also FIGS. 3B', 3C' and 3D'
illustrate an alternate embodiment of an air core antenna assembly
200a or 200b which includes separate transmitter and receiver
windings according to the present disclosure. Again, for purposes
of simplification, FIG. 3 only partially illustrates a housing
assembly 2100 or 2200 housing antenna assembly 200a or 200b,
respectively. More particularly, antenna assembly 200a or 200b
includes the antenna 101' (see FIG. 2) at least partially disposed
on the common planar surface 165 of substrate or base insulating
layer 160 at an interior portion 162. Antenna 101' includes the
antenna trace conductor 102 having start end conductor layer
portion 104 and finish end conductor layer portion 106'.
[0112] Antenna assembly 200a or 200b is identical to antenna
assembly 100a' or 100b', respectively, except that antenna assembly
200a or 200b further includes a separate receiver antenna 201 which
also may be at least partially disposed on or over the base
insulating layer 160, and in particular on or over the common
planar surface 165. Receiver antenna 201 includes an antenna trace
conductor 202 having a finish end conductor layer portion 207 and a
start end conductor layer portion 206. At a receiver cross-over
region 236, the finish end conductor layer portion 207 is
positioned to cross either under or over (not shown) the first,
second and third loops 116, 118 and 120, respectively, of
transmitter antenna trace 102 to a first corner position 208 of the
antenna trace conductor 202. In one embodiment, the finish end
conductor layer portion 207 is electrically connected to the
antenna trace conductor 202 through a buried via connection 203 in
the vicinity of the first corner position 208. The finish end
conductor layer portion 207 may have an L-shaped configuration such
that the finish end conductor layer portion 207 is disposed in
proximity to the combination cross-over member and finish
connection 134 of antenna trace 102. However, other configurations
such as straight or angular configurations may be employed for the
finish end conductor layer portion 207. The embodiments are not
limited in this context.
[0113] In a manner similar to the configuration of antenna trace
conductor 102, antenna trace conductor 202 may be configured as a
rectangular spiral as illustrated in FIG. 3. Again, alternate
configurations such as square, circular, elliptical, or other such
shapes may be employed. The embodiments are not limited in this
context. The finish end conductor layer portion 207 forms one end
of the rectangular spiral while the start end conductor layer
portion 206 forms another end of the rectangular spiral. In
conjunction with the rectangular spiral configuration, the receive
antenna trace conductor 202 may be configured to be disposed at the
interior region 162 of the substrate or base insulating layer 160
such that the transmit antenna trace conductor 102 substantially
bounds the receive antenna trace conductor 202.
[0114] In the vicinity of the first corner region 208 with the
finish end conductor layer portion 207, the antenna trace conductor
202 proceeds in an inward spiral to second, third and fourth corner
regions 210, 212 and 214, respectively, to form a first loop 216.
At the first corner region 208, the antenna trace conductor 202
proceeds to form a second loop 218, parallel to first loop 216, in
an inward spiral to second, third and fourth corner regions 210,
212 and 214, respectively. Similarly, at the first corner region
208, the antenna trace conductor 202 proceeds to form a third loop
220, parallel to first loop 216 and second loop 218, in an inward
spiral to second, third and fourth corner regions 210, 212 and 214,
respectively. Fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh and eighth loops 222,
224, 226, 228 and 230 are formed in a similar manner. Those skilled
in the art will recognize that a greater or a fewer number of loops
216 to 230 may be employed to configure the antenna 201, and that
eight loops 216 through 230 are by way of illustration only.
Therefore, the antenna 101 is configured to have a multiplicity of
loops such as loops 216 to 230. In addition, although the loops
216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228 and 230 are described as
spiraling inwardly, the loops 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228 and
230 may be described as, or installed on the common planar surface
165 of substrate or base insulating layer 160 in a manner so as to
effect, an outward spiral as opposed to an inward spiral. The
embodiments are not limited in this context.
[0115] In the vicinity of the first corner region 208, the loop 230
terminates at a winding trace termination 232 substantially
transverse to the first through eighth parallel loops 216 through
230. At termination position 232, the antenna trace portion 202
interfaces with the start end conductor layer portion 206. The
start end conductor layer portion 206, via a cross-over member 234,
crosses either under or over the finish end conductor layer portion
207 to form the receiver end cross-over region 236 in the vicinity
of the first corner 208.
[0116] In one embodiment, the cross-over member 234 is in
electrical communication with the antenna trace conductor 202
through a via connection 238 disposed in proximity to the winding
trace termination 232. The cross-over member 234 extends either
under, as shown in FIG. 3, or over (not shown) the first through
eighth parallel loops 216 through 230, and also under the first,
second and third loops 116, 118 and 120 of antenna trace 102 to a
receiver finish termination 240. As a result, the finish connection
240 is in electrical communication with the antenna trace conductor
202 through the via connection 238.
[0117] As best shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, in a similar manner as
explained above with respect to antenna assemblies 100 and 100',
the receiver end crossover region 236 includes the antenna trace
conductor 102 and the base insulating layer 160 disposed between
loops 116, 118 and 120 of antenna trace conductor 102 and between
both the finish end conductor layer portion 207 and the start end
conductor layer portion 206. The base insulating layer 160 is
disposed also between the start end conductor layer portion 206 and
the associated loops 216 through 230 of the antenna trace conductor
202. Therefore, the start end conductor layer portion 104 and the
finish end conductor layer portion 106' are electrically isolated
from each other. Also, the finish end conductor layer portion 207
and the start end conductor layer portion 206 are-electrically
isolated from each other.
[0118] As illustrated in FIGS. 3B, 3B', 3C, 3C', 3D and 3D', the
antenna assembly 200a or 200b may also include the top cover or
second insulating layer 170. More particularly, the antenna
assembly 200 is configured such that the electrically conductive
members included in the end cross-over regions 126' and 236, and
the antenna trace conductors 102 and 202, are formed in a thin film
and made of materials as previously described for end cross-over
regions 126 and 126' and antenna trace conductor 102. The
electrically insulating members such as the substrate or support
insulating layer 150, the base insulating layer 160, and the top
cover or enclosure insulating layer 170 are each constructed of a
thin film made from a thin film material as described
previously.
[0119] Specifically referring to FIG. 3B, as a result of
construction using the thin film material, a total maximum height
H3 is defined by the thickness of the finish end conductor layer
portion 207, the base insulating layer 160 over the finish end
conductor layer portion 207, and the first, second and third
parallel loops 116, 118 and 120 over the base insulating layer 160.
The total maximum height H3 ranges up to about 0.7 mm.
[0120] In one embodiment, when the antenna assembly 200a or 200b
further includes the support or bottom insulating layer 150 and the
enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170, a total. maximum
height H3' is defined by the thickness of the support or bottom
insulating layer 150, the finish end conductor layer portion 207
over the support insulating layer 150, the base insulating layer
160 over the finish end conductor layer portion 207,the first,
second and third parallel loops 116, 118 and 120 over the base
insulating layer 160, and the enclosure insulating layer or top
cover 170 over the first, second and third parallel loops 116, 118
and 120. The total maximum height H3' ranges up to about 1.3 mm
although dimensions as large as about 15 mm are possible.
[0121] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly 200 may be
configured such that when the support or bottom insulating layer
150 and/or the top cover 170 are/is omitted, the total maximum
height H3 equals the total maximum height H3' when the support or
bottom insulating layer 150 and/or top cover 170 are/is
included.
[0122] Specifically referring to FIG. 3C, as a result of
construction using the thin film material, a height H4 is defined
by the thickness of the receiver end crossover region 236, the base
insulating layer 160 over the receiver end crossover region 236,
and the first, second and third parallel transmitter loops 116, 118
and 120 and the first through eighth parallel receiver loops 216,
218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228 and 230 over the base insulating layer
160. The height H4 ranges up to about 0.7 mm.
[0123] In one embodiment, when the antenna assembly 200a or 200b
further includes the support or bottom insulating layer 150 and/or
the enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170, a total maximum
height H4' is defined by the thickness of the support or bottom
insulating layer 150, receiver end crossover region 236 over the
support insulating layer 150, the base insulating layer 160 over
the receiver end crossover region 236, the first, second and third
parallel transmitter loops 116, 118 and 120 and the first through
eighth parallel receiver loops 216, 218, 220, 222, 224, 226, 228
and 230 over the base insulating layer 160, and the enclosure
insulating layer or top cover 170 over the first, second and third
parallel transmitter loops 116, 118 and 120 and over the first
through eighth parallel receiver loops 216, 218, 220, 222, 224,
226, 228 and 230. The total maximum height H4' ranges up to about
1.3 mm although dimensions as large as about 15 mm are
possible.
[0124] In one embodiment, the antenna assembly 200 may be
configured such that when the support or bottom insulating layer
150 and/or the top cover 170 are/is omitted, the height H4 equals
the total maximum height H4' when the support or bottom insulating
layer 150 and/or the top cover 170 are/is included.
[0125] Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 3B, in a similar manner
as previously described with repect to antenna assembly 100a and
100a', structure, e.g., floor 5 of an establishment or edifice
includes substructure, e.g., subfloor 10 and covering, e.g.,
flooring or floor covering 20. The antenna assembly 200a, including
the finish end conductor layer portion 207 of the receiver antenna
201, is configured with thin film materials as applied to the first
loop 216, as shown, of the receiver antenna 201 and to the first,
second and third parallel loops 116, 118 and 120, respectively, of
the transmitter antenna 101' and the electrically insulating layers
150, 160 and 170, to have a total thickness, as represented by the
total maximum height H3', such that the antenna assembly 200a may
be disposed between the subfloor 10 and the flooring or floor
covering 20, without significantly altering the structural features
of the floor or causing a deleterious effect to pedestrians or
pedestrian traffic on the floor.
[0126] Similarly, as illustrated in FIG. 3C, the antenna assembly
200, including the start end conductor layer portion 206 of the
receiver antenna 201, is also configured with thin film materials
as applied to the first through eighth loops 216, 218, 220, 222,
224, 226, 228 and 230, respectively, of the receiver antenna 201,
and to the cross-over member 236 of the receiver end cross-over
region 236, and to the first, second and third parallel loops 116,
118 and 120, respectively, of the transmitter antenna 101' and the
electrically insulating layers 150, 160 and 170, to have a total
thickness, as represented by the total maximum height H4', such
that the antenna assembly 200 may be disposed between the subfloor
10 and the flooring or floor covering 20, without significantly
altering the structural features of the floor or causing a
deleterious effect to pedestrians or pedestrian traffic on the
floor.
[0127] As discussed above, the total maximum height H3' and the
total maximum height H4' each range up to about 15 mm, although in
most applications, the total maximum heights "H3' and H4' range up
to about 1.3 mm. Additionally, in most applications, the total
maximum height 3' equals the total maximum height H4'. The length
L1 and width W1 of the antenna assembly 200a or 200b again may be
in the range of about 155 cm by about 65 cm, respectively, the
embodiments are not limited in this context.
[0128] Referring also to FIGS. 3B, 3B' and 3C', it can be further
appreciated that housing assembly 2200 and antenna assembly 200b
are essentially identical to housing assembly 2100 and antenna
assembly 200a but also with the exception that the support
insulating layer 150' on which the crossover member 236 is disposed
merges by the upward bend 151 with the base insulating layer 160 to
form the corner region or joint 156. The dummy or filler insulation
155 is again omitted throughout the antenna assembly 200b except
for the region of the finish end conductor layer portion 207 and
the crossover member 236, respectively.
[0129] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 3D, it can be appreciated that
housing assembly 2100 is constructed in a similar manner to housing
assemblies 1100 and 1100'. More particularly, housing assembly 2100
includes an outer wall 2110 and an inner wall 2120 in which the
antenna assembly 200a is housed. The inner wall 2120 encloses a
region 2130 which may be empty space. The housing assembly 2100 may
be hermetically sealed via joints 180.
[0130] Similarly, referring to FIGS. 3 and 3D', it can be
appreciated that housing assembly 2200 is constructed in a similar
manner to housing assemblies 1200 and 1200'. More particularly,
housing assembly 2200 includes an outer wall 2210 and an inner wall
2220 in which the antenna assembly 200a is housed. The inner wall
2220 encloses a region 2230 which may be empty space. The housing
assembly 2200 may also be hermetically sealed via joints 180.
[0131] However, housing assemblies 2100 and 2200 differ from
housing assemblies 1100, 1100' and from housing assemblies 1200,
1200', respectively in that the series of mounting sleeves 1011
(see FIGS. 3 and 3D) and 1012 (see FIGS. 3 and 3D') may now be more
suitably positioned in a region 250 that generally forms a gap or
interface between the outer periphery of the receiver windings,
specifically receiver winding 216, and the inner periphery of the
transmitter windings, specifically transmitter winding 120.
However, the installation procedure is otherwise essentially the
same as described previously with respect to housing assemblies
1100, 1200, 1100', and 1200'.
[0132] FIGS. 4 and 4A illustrate another embodiment of an air core
antenna assembly 300 which includes a single transmitter with
multiple receiver windings using thin film construction according
to the present disclosure. Again, for purposes of simplification,
FIG. 4 only partially illustrates a housing assembly 3100 housing
the antenna assembly 300. More particularly, antenna assembly 300
includes the antenna 101' (see FIG. 2) disposed on the common
planar surface 165 of substrate or base insulating layer 160.
Antenna 101' includes the antenna trace conductor 102 having start
end conductor layer portion 104 and finish end conductor layer
portion 106'.
[0133] Antenna assembly 300 is identical to antenna assembly 200a
or 200b except that instead of the transmit antenna trace conductor
102 substantially bounding a single receive antenna trace conductor
202 (see FIG. 3), the transmit antenna trace conductor 102 is
configured on the common planar surface 165 of substrate or antenna
assembly base insulating layer 160 to substantially bound a
multiplicity of receive antenna trace conductors 202, such as first
and second receive antenna trace conductors 202a and 202b,
respectively, disposed at the interior region 162 of the substrate
or base insulating layer 160. As a result, a first receiver
cross-over region 236a associated with first receive antenna trace
conductor 202a and a second receiver cross-over region 236b
associated with second receive antenna trace conductor 202b are
separately disposed to traverse the first, second and third loops
116, 118 and 120 of transmit antenna trace conductor 102.
[0134] The first and second receiver cross-over regions 236a and
236b are the same as receiver cross-over region 236 with the
exception that cross-over regions 236a and 236b each include a
receiver finish end conductor layer portion 207a and 207b,
respectively, that is disposed such that, in addition to receiver
finish end conductor layer portion 207a being disposed in proximity
to the combination cross-over member and finish connection 134 of
antenna trace 102, L-shaped receiver finish end conductor layer
portion 207b may be extended to be disposed in proximity to
receiver finish end conductor layer portion 207a in the corner 108
of the substrate or support insulating layer 150.
[0135] Again, in a similar manner, the antenna assembly 300 is
configured such that the antennas 101' and 201 and the base
insulating layer 160 are each constructed of a thin film made from
a thin film material.
[0136] As illustrated in FIGS. 2B, 3B and 3C, the antenna assembly
300 may also include the top cover or enclosure insulating layer
170 at least partially disposed on or over the antenna assembly 300
and over the common planar surface 165. More particularly, the
antenna assembly 300 is configured such that the electrically
conductive members such as transmitter end cross-over region 126',
the first and second receiver end cross-over regions 236a and 236b,
and the antenna trace conductors 102 and 202, respectively, are
constructed of thin films made from a thin film material as
discussed previously with respect to end cross-over region 126 and
antenna trace conductor 102. Similarly, the electrically insulating
members such as the substrate or support insulating layer 150, the
base insulating layer 160, and the top cover or enclosure
insulating layer 170 are each constructed of a thin film made from
a thin film material, as described previously.
[0137] FIG. 4A is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly 300 with the housing assembly 3100 being completely
illustrated as taken along section line 4A-4A of FIG. 4. The
housing assembly 3100 is very similar to the previously described
housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100', 1200', 2100, and 2200. The
differences occur in that due to the generally larger surface area
requirements for the combined transmitter assembly 102 and the
first and second receive antenna trace conductors 202a and 202b,
respectively, only an outer wall 3110 extending around the outer
periphery 3115 of the housing assembly 3100 may be required and an
inner wall, e.g., inner walls 2120 and 2220 illustrated in FIG. 3,
along the inner peripheries of the first and second receive antenna
trace conductors 202a and 202b, respectively, may be omitted if
desired. However, such inner walls may be included where desired
and practical. The embodiments are not limited in this context.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that, and understand how,
mounting rings or sleeves 1011 may be positioned within the housing
assembly 3100 as illustrated previously in FIG. 3 with respect to
housing assemblies 2100 and 2200.
[0138] Although not shown, those skilled in the art will recognize
that, and understand how, housing assembly 3100 may be constructed
without the dummy or filler insulation 155 or the antenna assembly
support insulating manner 160, so as to be analogous to housing
assemblies 1200, 1200' or 2200. The embodiments are not limited in
this context.
[0139] Similarly, the installation procedure for the housing
assembly 3100 within the substructure or sub floor 10 and covering
or floor covering 20 is otherwise essentially the same as described
previously with respect to housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100',
and 1200'.
[0140] FIGS. 5 and 5A illustrate still another embodiment of an
antenna assembly which includes multiple transmitter and receiver
windings according to the present disclosure. Again for purposes of
simplification, FIG. 5 only partially illustrates a housing
assembly 4100 housing an air core antenna assembly 400. More
particularly, antenna assembly 400 includes a multiple set of the
transmitter antenna 101' (see FIG. 2) and receiver antenna 201 (see
FIG. 3) disposed on the substrate or support insulating layer 150.
Antenna 101' includes the antenna trace conductor 102 having start
end conductor layer portion 104 and finish end conductor layer
portion 106'.
[0141] Antenna assembly 400 is similar to antenna assembly 200, the
difference being that instead of a single set of a transmitter
antenna 101' and a receiver antenna 201, a multiple set of antennas
is disposed on the substrate or base insulating layer 160. More
particularly, a first set which includes the single set of
transmitter antenna 101' and receiver antenna 201' may be disposed
at least partially or substantially on or over a first portion 162a
of the common planar surface 165 of substrate or base insulating
layer 160 while at the same time, a second set which includes a
transmitter antenna 101'' and receiver antenna 201'', may be
disposed at least partially or substantially on or over a second
portion 162b of the common planar surface 165 of substrate or base
insulating layer 160.
[0142] The first set of transmitter antenna 101' and receiver
antenna 201' includes the end cross-over region 126' and receiver
cross-over region 236. The transmitter antenna 101'' of the second
set is substantially identical to transmitter antenna 101' with the
exception that the transmitter antenna 101'' includes an end
cross-over region 126'' wherein a start end portion 104' has an
L-shaped configuration such that the start end portion 104' extends
to the corner region 108, in the first portion 162a of the
substrate or base insulating layer 160, from the second portion
162b of the substrate or base insulating layer 160.
[0143] As illustrated also in FIGS. 2B, 3B and 3C, the antenna
assembly 400 may also include the top cover or enclosure insulating
layer 170 on or over the antenna assembly 400 and over the base
insulating layer 160. In addition, the antenna assembly 400 is
configured such that the electrically conductive members such as
the transmitter end cross-over regions 126' and 126'', and the
receiver end cross-over regions 236, and the antenna trace
conductors 102 and 202 are constructed of thin films made from a
thin film material as discussed previously with respect to end
cross-over region 126 and antenna trace conductor 102. Similarly,
the electrically insulating members such as the substrate or
support insulating layer 150, the base insulating layer 160, and
the top cover or enclosure insulating layer 170 are each
constructed of a thin film made from a thin film material, as
described previously.
[0144] FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly 400 and housing assembly 4100 completely illustrated taken
along section line 5A-5A of FIG. 5. As is the case for housing
assembly 3100, the housing assembly 4100 is similar to the
previously described housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100', 1200',
2100, and 2200. Again, the differences occur in that due to the
generally larger surface area requirements for the transmitter
assemblies 101' and 101'' and the first and second receive antenna
trace conductors 201' and 201'' , respectively, only an outer wall
4110 extending around the outer periphery 4115 of the housing
assembly 4100 may be required and an inner wall along the inner
peripheries of the first and second receive antenna trace
conductors 201' and 201'', respectively, may be omitted if desired.
Again, such inner walls may be included where desired and
practical. The embodiments are not limited in this context. Again,
those skilled in the art will recognize that, and understand how,
mounting rings or sleeves 1011 may be positioned within the housing
assembly 4100 as illustrated previously in FIG. 3 with respect to
housing assemblies 2100 and 2200.
[0145] The series of mounting rings or sleeves 1011 (see FIGS. 3
and 3D) may now be more suitably positioned in the region 250 that
generally forms a gap or interface between the outer periphery of
the receiver windings, specifically receiver winding 216, and the
inner periphery of the transmitter windings, specifically
transmitter winding 120. The installation procedure is otherwise
again essentially the same as described previously with respect to
housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100', and 1200'.
[0146] Although not shown, those skilled in the art will recognize
that, and understand how, housing assembly 4100 may be constructed
without the dummy or filler insulation 155 or the antenna assembly
support insulating manner 160, so as to be analogous to housing
assemblies 1200, 1200' or 2200. The embodiments are not limited in
this context.
[0147] Similarly, the installation procedure for the housing
assembly 4100 within the substructure or sub floor 10 and covering
or floor covering 20 is otherwise essentially the same as described
previously with respect to housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100',
and 1200'.
[0148] FIGS. 6 and 6A illustrate yet another embodiment of an
antenna assembly which includes multiple transceiver windings
according to the present disclosure. Yet again, for simplification,
FIG. 6 only partially illustrates a housing assembly 5100 housing
the antenna assembly 500. FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional elevation
view of the antenna assembly 500 and housing assembly 5100
completely illustrated taken along section line 6A-6A of FIG. 6.
More particularly, antenna assembly 500 may include at least one of
the single transmitter or transceiver antenna 101' (see FIG. 2) and
at least one of the single transmitter or transceiver antenna 101''
(see FIG. 5) each at least partially disposed on the common planar
surface 165 of substrate or base insulating layer 160. Antenna 101'
includes the antenna trace conductor 102 having start end conductor
layer portion 104 and finish end conductor layer portion 106'.
Antenna 101'' includes the start end conductor layer portion 104'
and the finish end conductor layer portion 106'.
[0149] Antenna assembly 500 is similar to antenna assembly 400, the
difference being that antenna assembly 500 excludes the receiver
antennas 201. More particularly, the transmitter antenna 101' is
disposed substantially on the first portion 162a of the substrate
or base insulating layer 160 while at the same time, the
transmitter antenna 101'' is disposed substantially on the second
portion 162b of the substrate or base insulating layer 160.
[0150] The first set of transmitter antenna 101' includes the end
cross-over region 126'. The transmitter antenna 101'' includes a
second end cross-over region 126'' which may include the start end
portion 104'. The start end portion 104' may have an L-shaped
configuration such that the start end portion 104' may extend to
the corner region 108, in the first portion 162a of the substrate
or base insulating layer 160, from the second portion 162b of the
substrate or base insulating layer 160.
[0151] As illustrated also in FIG. 2B, the antenna assembly 500 may
also include the top cover or enclosure insulating layer 170 at
least partially disposed on or over the antenna assembly 500. In
addition, the antenna assembly 500 is configured such that
electrically conductive members such as the first and second
cross-over end regions 126' and 126'', and the antenna trace
conductor 102, are constructed of thin films made from a thin film
material as discussed previously with respect to end cross-over
region 126 and antenna trace conductor 102. Similarly, the
electrically insulating members such as the substrate or support
insulating layer 150, the base insulating layer 160, and the top
cover or enclosure insulating layer 170 are each constructed of a
thin film made from a thin film material, as described
previously.
[0152] FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional elevation view of the antenna
assembly 500 and housing assembly 5100 completely illustrated taken
along section line 6A-6A of FIG. 6. As is the case for housing
assembly 4100, the housing assembly 5100 is similar to the
previously described housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100', 1200',
2100, and 2200. In that only the first and second transmitter
assemblies 101' and 101'', respectively, are mounted on or over the
common planar surface 165 of the base insulating layer 160, the
surface area of the antenna assembly 500 may accommodate both an
outer wall 5110 extending around the outer periphery 5115 of the
housing assembly 5100 and an inner wall 5120 along the inner
periphery 5125 of the first and second transmitter assemblies 101'
and 101'', respectively. Again, such inner walls may be omitted
where desired and practical. The embodiments are not limited in
this context. Again, those skilled in the art will recognize that,
and understand how, mounting rings or sleeves 1011 may be
positioned within the housing assembly 5100 as illustrated
previously for example in FIG. 1 with respect to housing assemblies
1100 and 1200.
[0153] Although not shown, those skilled in the art will recognize
that, and understand how, housing assembly 5100 may be constructed
without the dummy or filler insulation 155 or the antenna assembly
support insulating manner 160, so as to be analogous to housing
assemblies 1200, 1200' or 2200. The embodiments are not limited in
this context.
[0154] Similarly, the installation procedure for the housing
assembly 5100 within the substructure or sub floor 10 and covering
or floor covering 20 is otherwise essentially the same as described
previously with respect to housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100',
and 1200'.
[0155] Those skilled in the art will recognize that the dimensions
for total maximum height H2 and H2' illustrated in FIG. 2B,
dimensions H3 and H3' illustrated in FIG. 3B, and dimensions H4 and
H4' illustrated in FIG. 3C are applicable to the antenna assemblies
300 (see FIG. 4) and 400 (see FIG. 5) such that the antenna
assemblies 300 and 400 may each be disposed between the subfloor 10
and the flooring or floor covering 20, without significantly
altering the structural features of the floor or causing a
deleterious effect to pedestrians or pedestrian traffic on the
floor. Similarly, the dimensions for total maximum height H1 and
H1' as illustrated in FIG. 1B are also applicable to the antenna
assembly 500 such that the antenna assembly 500 may be disposed
between the subfloor 10 and the flooring or floor covering 20,
without significantly altering the structural features of the floor
or causing a deleterious effect to pedestrians or pedestrian
traffic on the floor.
[0156] FIGS. 7 and 7A illustrate thin film conductors for an
alternative antenna assembly 600a and a housing assembly 6100
having an internal compartment 190 for a non-air core receiver
antenna according to the present disclosure. More particularly,
FIG. 7 is a plan view of antenna assembly 600a. Antenna assembly
600a may include the transmitter antenna trace conductor 102 with
first, second and third loops 116, 118 and 120, respectively, at
least partially disposed on or over the base insulating layer 160,
and particularly over the common planar surface 165 of the base
insulating layer 160. In addition, one surface 175 of the enclosure
or top cover insulating layer 170 is disposed over the antenna
assembly 600a and over the common planar surface 165, and serves as
an inner covering surface. As illustrated in FIG. 7A, in a similar
manner to the aforementioned housing assemblies 1100, 1100', 1200,
1200', 2100, 2200, 3100, 4100 and 5100, the housing assembly 6100
includes by incorporation support insulating layer 150 as a lower
lid and the enclosure insulating layer 170 as an upper lid of the
housing assembly 6100. Outer and inner walls 6110 and 6120, having
outer and inner peripheries 6115 and 6125, respectively, may be
joined to the support insulating layer 150 and to the enclosure
insulating layer 170 at joints 180 to form a hermetic seal. Inner
covering surface 175 of the enclosure insulating layer 170 may
extend entirely across over the common planar surface 165, so that
the inner wall 6120 has height "h" representing the distance
between common planar surface 165 and the inner covering surface
175. In conjunction with the inner wall 6120, the inner covering
surface 175 and the common planar surface 165 form an internal
compartment 190 in which may be disposed a magnetic material such
as ferrite or an amorphous material. More particularly, referring
to FIG. 7, the magnetic material may be a thin film material in the
form of one or more long and thin ferrite or amorphous bars which
may have dimensions such as about 25 mm wide (about 1 inch) by
about 610 mm long (about 24 inches) by about 1.6 mm thick (about
1/16.sup.th inch). Specifically, receiver start end conductor
portion 206 is coupled at joint 276 to receiver finish end
conductor portion 207 at joint 278 via a long continuous wire loop
272 that at least partially coils around at least one magnetic bar,
e.g., magnetic bar 270a, formed of a thin film construction.
[0157] In particular, wire loop 272 extends from joint 276 to first
end 276a of first magnetic bar 270a. The wire 272 extends along the
bar 270a and is coiled around the first magnetic bar 270a in a
manner similar to a solenoid and extends to second end 278a of the
first magnetic bar 270a. From the second end 278a, the wire 272
extends to first end 276b of a second magnetic bar 270b where again
the wire 272 is coiled around the bar 270b and extends to second
end 278b. From second end 278b, the wire 272 extends to first end
276c of a third magnetic bar 270c around which the wire 272 is
again coiled and extends to second end 278c of the bar 270c.
Similarly, the wire 272 again extends from the second end 278c to
first end 276d of a fourth magnetic bar 270d. The wire 272 again
continues to extend from the first end 276d and is coiled around
the bar 270d, extending to second end 278d of the bar 270d. The
wire 272 then completes the loop by extending from the second end
278d to the joint 278 of receiver finish end conductor portion 207.
In conjunction with the start end conductor portion 206 and the
finish end conductor portion 207, the wire loop 272 and the start
end conductor portion 206 and the finish end conductor portion 207
form a non-air core receiver antenna assembly 302. In effect, the
non-air core receiver antenna assembly 302 replaces the air core
receiver antenna assembly 201 described previously with respect to
FIG. 3. The internal compartment 190 then may be filled with a
filler insulating material 255 to prevent electrical shorting and
electromagnetic interference (EMI) between the transmitter antenna
assembly 102 and the receiver antenna assembly 302.
[0158] As illustrated in FIG. 7A, the base insulating layer 160 may
be at least partially disposed on or over support insulating layer
150. The dummy or filler insulation material 155 may be at least
partially, if not entirely, disposed between the base insulating
layer 160 and the support insulating layer 150. In a similar manner
as shown in FIG. 3A, the start end conductor layer portion 206
crosses under the transmitter windings 116, 118 and 120 through the
via connection 238 and rises up to the vicinity of the covering
surface 175 through the via connection 240. The finish end
conductor layer portion 207, having an L-shaped configuration,
descends below the transmitter windings 116, 118 and 120 to the
level of the filler insulation layer 155 where the finish end
conductor layer portion 207 terminates.
[0159] In a similar manner to housing assembly 1100, the housing
assembly 6100 further includes the series of mounting sleeves 1011
that are positioned as required in the portions of the housing
assembly 6100 adjacent to the inner periphery 6125. Again, six
mounting sleeves 1011 by way of example are illustrated in FIG. 7,
one each in the vicinity of the four corners formed by the internal
compartment 190 and the inner periphery 6125 of the of the inner
walls 6120, and one each midway in the lengthwise direction of
housing assembly 6100 on either side of the inner periphery
6125.
[0160] In that the housing assembly 6100 includes the support or
bottom insulating layer 150 and/or the enclosure insulating layer
or top cover 170, a total maximum height H5' is defined by the
thickness of the support or bottom insulating layer 150, the
thickness of the dummy or filler insulating layer 155 over the
support insulating layer 150, the base insulating layer 160 over
the filler insulating layer 155, the thickness of the internal
compartment 190 or the transmitter loop windings 116, 118 and 120
over the base insulating layer 160, and the thickness of the
enclosure insulating layer or top cover 170 over the internal
compartment 190 or the transmitter loop windings 116, 118 and 120.
The total maximum height H5' ranges up to about 15 mm. A height H5
is defined by the thickness of the internal compartment 190 on or
over the common planar surface 165 or the thickness of the
transmitter loop windings 116, 118 and 120 plus the thickness of
the base insulating layer 160, and the thickness of the dummy or
filler insulation layer 155. The height dimension H5 ranges up to
about 12 mm.
[0161] In conjunction with FIG. 7B, FIG. 7 also illustrates a
variation of the embodiment of antenna assembly 600a. More
particularly, housing assembly 6200, which at least partially, if
not entirely, encloses antenna assembly 600a, is in all respects
identical with housing assembly 6100, which also encloses antenna
assembly 600a, with the difference noted below. Specifically,
antenna housing assembly 6200 encloses antenna assembly 600a which
includes the transmitter antenna trace conductor 102 with first,
second and third loops 116, 118 and 120, respectively, mounted on
the common planar surface 165 of the base insulating layer 160.
Housing assembly 6200 also encloses the non-air core receiver
antenna assembly 302 in internal compartment 190. However, the
support insulating layer 150' on which the finish end conductor
layer portion 207 is disposed merges by the upward bend 151 with
the base insulating layer 160 to form the corner region or joint
156. The dummy or filler insulation 155 is omitted throughout the
antenna assembly 600a except for the region of the finish end
conductor layer portion 207. In a manner analogous to mounting
sleeves 1011 of housing assembly 6100, the housing assembly 6200
further includes the series of mounting sleeves 1012 that are
positioned as required in the portions of the housing assembly 6200
adjacent to the periphery 195 of the internal compartment 190. A
total maximum height H6 is defined by the thickness of the top
cover or enclosure insulating layer 170, plus the thickness of the
internal compartment 190 or the thickness of the transmitter loop
windings 116, 118 and 120, and the thickness of the base insulating
layer 160. The total maximum height H6 ranges up to about 12
mm.
[0162] FIGS. 7C, 7D and 7E illustrate an alternate housing assembly
6300 for a non-air core antenna assembly 600b. Non-air core antenna
assembly 600b is similar to non-air core antenna assembly 600a
illustrated and described previously with respect to FIGS. 7, 7A
and 7B. However, as compared to housing assembly 6100 which
includes the internal compartment 190 disposed on the common planar
surface 165 of the base insulating layer 160, housing assembly 6300
includes an internal compartment 290, analogous to internal
compartment 190, with walls 290 having a periphery 295, that is now
located below the transmitter antenna trace conductor 102. The
transmitter antenna trace conductor 102 with first, second and
third loops 116, 118 and 120, respectively, is again mounted on a
common planar surface 165' of a base insulating layer 160'. The
base layer 160' includes a first sub-layer 160a, a second sub-layer
160c, and an intermediate sub-layer 160b disposed therebetween. The
periphery 295 of the internal compartment 290 is defined therein
and the internal compartment 290 is also formed by the first and
second sub-,layers 160a and 160c. The internal compartment 290
enables receipt of the non-air core receiver antenna assembly 302.
Again, the internal compartment 290 may be filled with filler
insulation material 255 to minimize the probability of electrical
shorting or EMI. The second sub-layer 160c of the base layer 160'
is now disposed over the support or bottom insulating layer 150
with the dummy or filler insulating layer 155 disposed
therebetween. However, the start end 276' and the finish end 278'
of the wire loop 272 are now coupled to start end conductor layer
portion 206' and from finish end conductor layer portion 207',
respectively. Start end conductor layer portion 206' and finish end
conductor layer portion 207' differ from start end conductor layer
portion 206 and to finish end conductor layer portion 207,
respectively, in that since the non-air core receiver antenna
assembly 302 is not disposed on the same common planar surface as
the transmitter antenna trace conductor 102, a cross-over or a
cross-under of the transmitter antenna trace conductor 102 for the
start end conductor layer portion 206' and finish end conductor
layer portion 207' is not required.
[0163] Rather, referring to FIGS. 7, 7A and 7C, the start end 276'
rises as a via connection 274 from the level of the dummy or filler
insulating layer 155 through the second sub-layer 160c to the
internal compartment 290, while, conversely, the finish end 278'
descends as a via connection 274 from the internal compartment 290
through the second sub-layer 160c to the level of the dummy or
filler insulating layer 155. If desired, before crossing under the
first, second and third loops 116, 118 and 120 of the transmitter
antenna trace conductor 102, the start end 206' may descend from
the level of the common planar surface 165' on the base insulating
layer 160'. The finish end 278' may remain on the level of the
dummy or filler insulating layer 155. The wire loop 272 is
electrically coupled to the start end conductor layer portion 206'
through the start end 276' (see FIG. 7) and to the finish end
conductor layer portion 207' through the finish end 278' (see FIG.
7) by via connections 274 which may pass to and from the internal
compartment 290 to the level of the dummy or filler insulation
layer 155.
[0164] Referring to FIGS. 7, 7C, 7D and 7E, it can be appreciated
again that housing assembly 6300 is constructed in a similar manner
to housing assemblies 1100 and 6100. More particularly, housing
assembly 6300 includes an outer wall 6310 surrounding the antenna
assembly 600b and inner walls 6320 of the internal compartment 290
within which specifically the receiver antenna assembly 302 is
housed. The housing assembly 6300 may be hermetically sealed via
joints 180 at the outer wall 6310.
[0165] In a similar manner to housing assembly 6100, the housing
assembly 6300 further includes the series of mounting sleeves 1011
that are positioned as required in the portions of the housing
assembly 6300 adjacent to the inner periphery 6125 of the internal
compartment 290. Again, six mounting sleeves 1011 by way of example
are illustrated in FIG. 7, one each in the vicinity of the four
corners formed by the internal compartment 290 and the inner
periphery 295 of the of the inner walls 6120, and one each midway
in the lengthwise direction of housing assembly 6300 on either side
of the inner periphery 6125.
[0166] As a result of construction using the thin film material, a
height H7 is defined by the thickness of the base layer 160' and
therefore the sum of the thicknesses of the first sub-layer 160a,
the second sub-layer 160c, and the base sub-layer 160b disposed
therebetween. The height H7 ranges up to about 15 mm. A total
maximum height H7', which includes the thickness of the top cover
or enclosure insulating layer, the thickness of the transmitter
loop windings 116, 118 and 120, the base insulating layer 160'
(which includes the internal compartment 290), the thickness of the
filler insulating layer 155, and the thickness of the support
insulating layer 150 ranges up to about 15.0 mm.
[0167] The dimensions for total maximum height H5', H6 and H7' as
illustrated in FIGS. 7A, 7B and 7C are applicable to the antenna
assemblies 600a and 600b such that the antenna assemblies 600a and
600b may be disposed between the subfloor 10 and the flooring or
floor covering 20, without significantly altering the structural
features of the floor or causing a deleterious effect to
pedestrians or pedestrian traffic on the floor.
[0168] FIGS. 8 and 8A illustrate thin film conductors for still
another embodiment of an alternative antenna assembly 700 and a
housing assembly 7100 according to the present disclosure. Antenna
assembly 700 and housing assembly 7100 are analogous to antenna
assembly 400 and housing assembly 4100 described above with respect
to FIGS. 4 and 4A, with the exception that antenna assembly 700 is
a multiple non-air core antenna assembly with each assembly
including a magnetic material receiver antenna housed in an
internal compartment of the housing assembly, in a manner analogous
to housing assemblies 6100, 6200 and 6300 and antenna assemblies
600a and 600b described above with respect to FIGS. 7, 7A, 7B and
7C. Again for purposes of simplification, FIG. 8 only partially
illustrates the housing assembly 7100 housing the antenna assembly
700. More particularly, non-air core antenna assembly 700 includes
a multiple set of the transmitter antenna 101' (see FIG. 2) and a
receiver antenna 402' disposed on the common planar surface 165 of
substrate or base insulating layer 160. Antenna 101' includes the
antenna trace conductor 102 having start end conductor layer
portion 104 and finish end conductor layer portion 106' .
[0169] As noted, antenna assembly 700 is similar to antenna
assembly 400 so that a multiple set of antennas is disposed on the
substrate or base insulating layer 160. More particularly, a first
set which includes the single set of the transmitter antenna 101'
and a receiver antenna 401' may be disposed at least partially or
substantially on or over the first portion 162a of the common
planar surface 165 of substrate or base insulating layer 160 while
at the same time, a second set which includes the transmitter
antenna 101'' and receiver antenna 401'', is disposed at least
partially or substantially on or over the second portion 162b of
the common planar surface 165 of substrate or base insulating layer
160.
[0170] In that the details of the transmitter antenna 101' and
transmitter antenna 101'' are the same as described above with
respect to FIGS. 5 and 5A, the discussion herein is focused on the
non-air core receiver antennas 401' and 401'' and corresponding
internal compartments 190a and 190b. Specifically, receiver start
end conductor portions 206a and 206b, of receiver antennas 401' and
401 '', respectively, are coupled at joints 476 to receiver finish
end conductor portions 207a and 207b at joints 478 via a long
continuous wire loop 472 that again at least partially coils around
at least one magnetic bar, e.g., first magnetic bar 470a. In
particular, wire loop 472 extends from joint 476 to first end 476a
of the first magnetic bar 470a. The wire 472 extends along the bar
470a and is coiled around the first magnetic bar 470a and extends
to second end 478a of the first magnetic bar 470a. From the second
end 478a, the wire 472 extends to first end 476b of a second
magnetic bar 470b where again the wire 472 is coiled around the bar
470b and extends to second end 478b. From second end 278b, the wire
472 then completes the loop by extending from the second end 478b
to the joint 478 of receiver finish end conductor portion 207a or
207b.
[0171] In a similar manner as described above with respect to FIG.
7, in conjunction with the start end conductor portions 206a and
206b and the finish end conductor portions 207a and 207b, the wire
loops 472 and the start end conductor portions 206a and 206b and
the finish end conductor portion 207a and 207b form a pair of
non-air core receiver antenna assemblies 402' and 402'' which may
be at least partially disposed on or over the common planar surface
165 within the respective internal compartments 190a and 190b.
Again, the non-air core receiver antenna assemblies 402' and 402''
replace the air core receiver antenna assemblies 201' and 201''
described previously with respect to FIG. 5. The internal
compartments 190a and 190b may again be filled with filler
insulating material 255 to prevent electrical shorting and
electromagnetic interference (EMI) between the transmitter antenna
assemblies 102' and 102'' and the receiver antenna assembly 402'
and 402'', respectively.
[0172] As illustrated in FIG. 8A, the base insulating layer 160 may
be disposed at least partially on or over the support insulating
layer 150. The dummy or filler insulation material 155 may be
disposed between the base insulating layer 160 and the support
insulating layer 150. In a similar manner as shown in FIG. 7A, the
start end conductor layer portions 206a and 206b cross under the
transmitter windings 116, 118 and 120 through the via connections
238 and rise up to the vicinity of the covering surface 175 through
the via connections 240. The finish end conductor layer portions
207a and 207b, having an L-shaped configuration, descend below the
transmitter windings 116, 118 and 120 to the level of the filler
insulation layer 155 where the finish end conductor layer portions
207a and 207b terminate.
[0173] In an analogous manner to housing assembly 6100 and antenna
assembly 600a described above with respect to FIGS. 7 and 7A, in
that the housing assembly 7100 includes the support or bottom
insulating layer 150 and/or the enclosure insulating layer or top
cover 170, a total maximum height H8', analogous to total maximum
height H5', is defined by the thickness of the support or bottom
insulating layer 150, the thickness of the dummy or filler
insulating layer 155 over the support insulating layer 150, the
base insulating layer 160 over the filler insulating layer 155, the
thickness of the internal compartments 190a and/or 190b, or the
transmitter loop windings 116, 118 and 120 over the base insulating
layer 160, and the thickness of the enclosure insulating layer or
top cover 170 over the internal compartment 190 or the transmitter
loop windings 116, 118 and 120. The total maximum height H8' ranges
up to about 15 mm. A height H8, analogous to the height H5
described above with respect to FIGS. 7 and 7A for antenna assembly
600a, is defined by the thickness of the internal compartments 190a
and/or 190b on or over the common planar surface 165 or the
thickness of the transmitter loop windings 116, 118 and 120 plus
the thickness of the base insulating layer 160, and the thickness
of the dummy or filler insulation layer 155. The height dimension
H8 ranges up to about 12 mm.
[0174] In a similar manner to housing assembly 4100, the housing
assembly 7100 further includes the series of mounting sleeves 1011
that are positioned as required in the portions of the housing
assembly 7100 adjacent to the inner periphery 6125. Again, six
mounting sleeves 1011 by way of example are illustrated in FIG. 7,
one each in the vicinity of the two outermost corners formed by the
internal compartments 190a and 190b and two each in a region 164
between the first and second portions 162a and 162b of the common
planar surface 165 which generally separate the first transmitter
antenna 101' from the second transmitter antenna 101'',
respectively. The installation procedure is otherwise again
essentially the same as described previously with respect to
housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100', and 1200'.
[0175] Again, although not shown, those skilled in the art will
recognize that, and understand how, housing assembly 7100 may be
constructed without the dummy or filler insulation 155 or the
antenna assembly support insulating manner 160, so as to be
analogous to housing assemblies 1200, 1200' or 2200. The
embodiments are not limited in this context.
[0176] Similarly, the installation procedure for the housing
assembly 7100 within the substructure or sub floor 10 and covering
or floor covering 20 is otherwise essentially the same as described
previously with respect to housing assemblies 1100, 1200, 1100',
and 1200'.
[0177] As can be appreciated from the foregoing discussion, the
housing assemblies 1100, 1100', 1200, 1200', 2100, 2200, 3100,
4100, 5100, 6100, 6200, 6300 and 7100 are mechanical structures
that may be configured to hermetically enclose and seal the
transmitter and receiver coils 102 and 202 of the antenna
assemblies 100a, 100b, 100a', 100b', 200a, 200b, 300, 400, 500, 600
and 700 from the elements, thereby converting the antenna
assemblies into antenna assembly units which are suitable for
burial. The coils 102 may be mounted or inserted internally into
the antenna assembly unit. The coils 102 and 202 (or 202a or 202b)
may be in the form of conductive printing, copper tape, copper
wire, or other suitable electrically conductive material. The
entire housing assembly and antenna assembly unit may be configured
to be anchored to a sub-floor or other location, as previously
described, wherein usage of the antenna assembly unit is intended.
The holes or ports in the housing assembly and antenna assembly
unit may be disposed to allow sealing agents (thin-set, wood glue,
or other suitable materials) to contact the top floor with the
sub-floor.
[0178] The transmitter coil array of antenna trace conductor 102
may be driven by methods such as, but not limited to, a
series--parallel hybrid or series only resonance approach. The
discrete receiver array of antenna trace conductor 202 (or 202a or
202b) may be interpreted by methods such as, but not limited to,
analyzing a ring down signal for a characteristic response. The
embodiments are not limited in this context.
[0179] As noted previously, the designation of end conductor layer
portion 104 as the start end conductor layer portion of transmit
antenna 101 or 101' and the designation of end conductor layer
portion 106 and end conductor layer portion 106' as the finish end
conductor layer portion of transmitter antenna 101 or 101' are
chosen arbitrarily for convenience of description only and end
conductor layer portion 104 may also be described as the finish end
conductor layer portion and conductor layer portion 106 and 106'
may also be described as the start end conductor layer portion.
[0180] Similarly, the designation of end conductor layer portion
206 as the start end conductor layer portion of receive antenna 201
(see FIGS. 3 and 5) or 202a or 202b (see FIG. 4) and the
designation of end conductor layer portion 207 or 207a or 207b as
the finish end conductor layer portion of receive antenna 201 or
202aor 202b, respectively, are chosen arbitrarily for convenience
of description only and end conductor layer portion 206 may also be
described as the finish end conductor layer portion and end
conductor layer portion 207 or 207a or 207b may also be described
as the start end conductor layer portion.
[0181] The start end conductor layer portion 104 of the transmit
antenna 101 or 101' and the finish end conductor layer portion 106
or 106' or the transmit antenna 101 or 101', respectively, are
electrically coupled to a transmitter input controller (not shown)
during operation. Similarly, the start end conductor layer portion
206 of the receive antenna 201 or 202a or 202b and the finish end
conductor layer portion 207 or 207a or 207b of the receive antenna
201 or 202a or 202b, respectively are electrically coupled to a
receiver input controller (not shown) during operation.
[0182] The foregoing designations of end conductor layer portion
104 as the start end conductor layer portion of transmit antenna
101 or 101' and the designation of end conductor layer portion 106
and end conductor layer portion 106' as the finish end conductor
layer portion of transmitter antenna 101 or 101' in conjunction
with the designation of end conductor layer portion 206 as the
start end conductor layer portion of receive antenna 201 or 202a or
202b and the designation of end conductor layer portion 207 as the
finish end conductor layer portion of air core receive antenna 201
or 202a or 202b (or their non-air core equivalents 600a or 600b or
700) permit tracking of phase angle shifts between the transmit
antenna 101 or 101' and the air core receive antenna 201 or 202a or
202b (or their non-air core equivalents 600a or 600b or 700) during
operation of the particular appropriate antenna assemblies 100,
100', 200a and 200b, 300, 400, 500, 600a and 600b, and 700.
[0183] The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a "thin
film" antenna that does not require excavation of a sub-floor as
compared to approaches known in the art that employ large (thick)
antennas which require excavation into a floor.
[0184] In addition, while the embodiments of the present disclosure
of a thin film antenna assembly and housing assembly are described
as being applied for EAS or RFID systems, those skilled in the art
will recognize that, and understand how, the embodiments may be
applied for other types of electronic communications and
surveillance systems with or without the use of an EAS or RFID
label or tag, e.g., security or communications applied to travel or
transportation terminals or buildings, or industrial, law
enforcement, governmental, or counter terrorism security or
communications and the like. The embodiments are not limited in
this context.
[0185] While certain features of the embodiments of the invention
have been illustrated as described herein, many modifications,
substitutions, changes and equivalents may occur to those skilled
in the art. It is, therefore, to be understood that the appended
claims are intended to cover all such modifications and changes as
fall within the true spirit of the embodiments of the
invention.
* * * * *