U.S. patent application number 11/904063 was filed with the patent office on 2008-01-24 for digital baseband receiver with dc discharge and gain control circuits.
This patent application is currently assigned to InterDigital Technology Corporation. Invention is credited to Alpaslan Demir, Leonid Kazakevich, Geetha Lakshmi Narayan, Fatih Ozluturk.
Application Number | 20080020725 11/904063 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 33551620 |
Filed Date | 2008-01-24 |
United States Patent
Application |
20080020725 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Demir; Alpaslan ; et
al. |
January 24, 2008 |
Digital baseband receiver with DC discharge and gain control
circuits
Abstract
A digital baseband (DBB) receiver for receiving and processing a
wireless communication signal. The DBB receiver includes at least
one low noise amplifier (LNA), at least one demodulator, a direct
current (DC) discharge circuit and an LNA control circuit. The LNA
selectively amplifies the communication signal. The demodulator
outputs analog real and imaginary signal components on real and
imaginary signal paths, respectively, in response to receiving the
communication signal from the LNA. The DC discharge circuit
selectively discharges DC accumulating on at least one of the real
and imaginary signal paths. The LNA control circuit turns the LNA
on or off.
Inventors: |
Demir; Alpaslan; (East
Meadow, NY) ; Kazakevich; Leonid; (Plainview, NY)
; Ozluturk; Fatih; (Port Washington, NY) ;
Narayan; Geetha Lakshmi; (Holbrook, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
VOLPE AND KOENIG, P.C.;DEPT. ICC
UNITED PLAZA, SUITE 1600
30 SOUTH 17TH STREET
PHILADELPHIA
PA
19103
US
|
Assignee: |
InterDigital Technology
Corporation
Wilmington
DE
19810
|
Family ID: |
33551620 |
Appl. No.: |
11/904063 |
Filed: |
September 25, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10832594 |
Apr 27, 2004 |
7280812 |
|
|
11904063 |
Sep 25, 2007 |
|
|
|
60476593 |
Jun 6, 2003 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
455/232.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H03D 3/008 20130101;
H04B 1/30 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
455/232.1 |
International
Class: |
H04B 7/00 20060101
H04B007/00 |
Claims
1. A digital baseband (DBB) receiver for receiving and processing a
wireless communication signal, the DBB receiver comprising: (a) at
least one demodulator which outputs analog real and imaginary
signal components on real and imaginary signal paths, respectively,
in response to receiving the communication signal; (b) a direct
current (DC) discharge circuit for selectively discharging direct
current accumulating on at least one of the real and imaginary
signal paths; (c) a first high pass filter (HPF) circuit in
communication with the real signal path; and (d) a second HPF
circuit in communication with the imaginary signal path, wherein
each of the first and second HPF circuits includes at least one
capacitor and at least one transistor, the transistors of the first
and second HPF circuits being controlled by the DC discharge
circuit to selectively flush accumulated DC from the capacitors by
selectively connecting an end of the capacitor to ground.
2. The DBB receiver of claim 1 further comprising: (e) a DC offset
and normalization compensation module in communication with the
real and imaginary signal paths, wherein the DC offset and
normalization compensation module controls the DC discharge
circuit.
3. A digital baseband (DBB) receiver for receiving and processing a
wireless communication signal, the DBB receiver comprising: (a) at
least one demodulator which outputs analog real and imaginary
signal components on real and imaginary signal paths, respectively,
in response to receiving the communication signal; (b) a direct
current (DC) discharge circuit for selectively discharging direct
current accumulating on at least one of the real and imaginary
signal paths; (c) a first high pass filter (HPF) circuit in
communication with the real signal path; and (d) a second HPF
circuit in communication with the imaginary signal path, wherein
each of the first and second HPF circuits includes at least one
capacitor and at least one switch, the switches of the first and
second HPF circuits being controlled by the DC discharge circuit to
selectively flush accumulated DC from the capacitors by selectively
connecting an end of the capacitor to ground.
4. The DBB receiver of claim 3 further comprising: (e) a DC offset
and normalization compensation module in communication with the
real and imaginary signal paths, wherein the DC offset and
normalization compensation module controls the DC discharge
circuit.
5. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for receiving and
processing a wireless communication signal, the WTRU comprising:
(a) at least one demodulator which outputs analog real and
imaginary signal components on real and imaginary signal paths,
respectively, in response to receiving the communication signal;
(b) a direct current (DC) discharge circuit for selectively
discharging direct current accumulating on at least one of the real
and imaginary signal paths; (c) a first high pass filter (HPF)
circuit in communication with the real signal path; and (d) a
second HPF circuit in communication with the imaginary signal path,
wherein each of the first and second HPF circuits includes at least
one capacitor and at least one transistor, the transistors of the
first and second HPF circuits being controlled by the DC discharge
circuit to selectively flush accumulated DC from the capacitors by
selectively connecting an end of the capacitor to ground.
6. The WTRU of claim 5 further comprising: (e) a DC offset and
normalization compensation module in communication with the real
and imaginary signal paths, wherein the DC offset and normalization
compensation module controls the DC discharge circuit.
7. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) for receiving and
processing a wireless communication signal, the WTRU comprising:
(a) at least one demodulator which outputs analog real and
imaginary signal components on real and imaginary signal paths,
respectively, in response to receiving the communication signal;
(b) a direct current (DC) discharge circuit for selectively
discharging direct current accumulating on at least one of the real
and imaginary signal paths; (c) a first high pass filter (HPF)
circuit in communication with the real signal path; and (d) a
second HPF circuit in communication with the imaginary signal path,
wherein each of the first and second HPF circuits includes at least
one capacitor and at least one switch, the switches of the first
and second HPF circuits being controlled by the DC discharge
circuit to selectively flush accumulated DC from the capacitors by
selectively connecting an end of the capacitor to ground.
8. The WTRU of claim 7 further comprising: (e) a DC offset and
normalization compensation module in communication with the real
and imaginary signal paths, wherein the DC offset and normalization
compensation module controls the DC discharge circuit.
9. An integrated circuit (IC) for receiving and processing a
wireless communication signal, the IC comprising: (a) at least one
demodulator which outputs analog real and imaginary signal
components on real and imaginary signal paths, respectively, in
response to receiving the communication signal; (b) a direct
current (DC) discharge circuit for selectively discharging direct
current accumulating on at least one of the real and imaginary
signal paths; (c) a first high pass filter (HPF) circuit in
communication with the real signal path; and (d) a second HPF
circuit in communication with the imaginary signal path, wherein
each of the first and second HPF circuits includes at least one
capacitor and at least one transistor, the transistors of the first
and second HPF circuits being controlled by the DC discharge
circuit to selectively flush accumulated DC from the capacitors by
selectively connecting an end of the capacitor to ground.
10. The IC of claim 9 further comprising: (e) a DC offset and
normalization compensation module in communication with the real
and imaginary signal paths, wherein the DC offset and normalization
compensation module controls the DC discharge circuit.
11. An integrated circuit (IC) for receiving and processing a
wireless communication signal, the IC comprising: (a) at least one
demodulator which outputs analog real and imaginary signal
components on real and imaginary signal paths, respectively, in
response to receiving the communication signal; (b) a direct
current (DC) discharge circuit for selectively discharging direct
current accumulating on at least one of the real and imaginary
signal paths; (c) a first high pass filter (HPF) circuit in
communication with the real signal path; and (d) a second HPF
circuit in communication with the imaginary signal path, wherein
each of the first and second HPF circuits includes at least one
capacitor and at least one switch, the switches of the first and
second HPF circuits being controlled by the DC discharge circuit to
selectively flush accumulated DC from the capacitors by selectively
connecting an end of the capacitor to ground.
12. The IC of claim 11 further comprising: (e) a DC offset and
normalization compensation module in communication with the real
and imaginary signal paths, wherein the DC offset and normalization
compensation module controls the DC discharge circuit.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation of U.S. patent
application Ser. No. 10/832,594, filed on Apr. 27, 2004, which
claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No.
60/476,593, filed on Jun. 6, 2003, which are incorporated by
reference as if fully set forth herein.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention generally relates to receiver design
in wireless communication systems. More particularly, the present
invention relates to digital signal processing (DSP) techniques
used to adjust gain and to compensate for direct current (DC)
offset introduced into real and imaginary signal components
processed by an analog radio receiver.
BACKGROUND
[0003] In conventional receivers, an analog gain control (AGC) loop
is used to measure the instantaneous power as well as the average
power received by an analog-to-digital, converter (ADC). Based on
the average power, the gain of the analog circuitry is adjusted
such that the input to the ADC will stay within its predetermined
dynamic range. In such conventional receivers, gain is controlled
by a feedback loop which causes an undesired delay when adjusting
the gain.
[0004] As shown in FIG. 1, a conventional radio frequency (RF)
receiver 100 includes an analog radio receiver 102, at least one
analog-to-digital converter (ADC) 104, and an analog gain control
loop that measures the instantaneous power as well as the average
power. The analog gain control loop includes a power estimator 106,
a loop filter 108 (e.g., an LPF), a summer 110, a lookup table
(LUT) 112, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 114 and a gain
control circuit 116. The summer 110 adds a reference signal having
a predetermined value -P.sub.ref to the output of the loop filter.
The error voltage at the output of the summer 110 becomes zero when
the average input power reaches the value of P.sub.ref.
[0005] The analog radio receiver 102 is a direct conversion
receiver which includes an antenna 125 for receiving a wireless
communication signal, a bandpass filter 130, a low noise amplifier
(LNA) 135, an optional second filter 140 (e.g., bandpass filter), a
demodulator 145 having two outputs 150, 155, a phase-locked loop
(PLL) 160, an analog real signal path low pass filter (LPF) 165A,
an analog imaginary signal path LPF 165B, at least one real signal
path amplifier 170A, at least one imaginary signal path amplifier
170B, at least one analog real signal path high pass filter (HPF)
circuit 175A, and at least one analog imaginary signal path HPF
circuit 175B. Each of the amplifiers 170A, 170B, includes a high
gain stage residing in the analog domain of the RF receiver
100.
[0006] The PLL 160 generates a local oscillator (LO) signal to
control the two outputs 150, 155 of the demodulator 145. The output
150 is an in-phase (I) output of the demodulator 145 for outputting
a real signal component of the wireless communication signal. The
output 155 is a quadrature (Q) output of the demodulator 145 for
outputting an imaginary signal component of the wireless
communication signal. The analog LPFs 165A, 165B, control the
bandwidth selectivity of the I and Q outputs 150 and 155,
respectively. The outputs of the analog LPFs 165A, 165B, are then
amplified by the amplifiers 170A, 170B, respectively.
[0007] Due to high gain requirements, the analog HPF circuits 175A,
175B, are included in the analog radio receiver 102 to provide
capacitance after each of the amplifiers 170A, 170B, respectively,
whereby the amplifiers 170A, 170B, are AC-coupled and any residual
direct current (DC) is removed to prevent DC offset. Each of the
analog HPF circuits 175A, 175B, has a signal input, a signal
output, at least one capacitor C.sub.1, C.sub.2, which connects the
signal input to the signal output, and at least one resistor
R.sub.1, R.sub.2, which connects the output of the capacitor to
ground, thus forming an R-C filter. The analog HPF circuits 175A,
175B, alter the spectral shape (i.e., reducing the energy) of the
lower portion (e.g., below 50 kHz) of the frequency domain response
associated with the real and imaginary signal components.
[0008] In the conventional RF receiver 100 of FIG. 1, the ADC 104
is connected to the output of the analog HPF circuits 175A, 175B.
The analog HPF circuits 175A, 175B, are utilized to guarantee the
spectral shape of the wireless communication signal received via
the antenna 125 before being sampled at the ADC 104. The ADC 104
outputs digital I and Q outputs 180, 185, to the power estimator
106 which, for example, performs a function in which
I.sup.2+Q.sup.2 is calculated.
[0009] In the RF receiver 100, the reaction time necessary to
adjust the gain of the amplifiers 170A, 170B, to respond to large
changes in the gain of signals received at the antenna 125 is
considerable. The gain adjustment of the amplifiers 170A, 170B, is
based on a feedback loop which includes a power estimator 106, a
loop filter 108, a summer 110, look up table (LUT) 112, a
digital-to-analog converter (DAC) 114 and a gain control circuit
116. A reference power (P.sub.REF) value is subtracted from the
output of the loop filter via the summer 110 to generate an error
signal 118. Based on the error signal 118, the LUT 112 sets the DAC
114 to a predetermined setting such that the gain control circuit
116 adjusts the gain of the amplifiers 170A, 170B accordingly.
Furthermore, because the potential range of the input signal
variation received at the antenna 125 of the analog radio receiver
102 may be very large (e.g., a 75 dB dynamic range), a very large
capacity and expensive ADC 104 (e.g., having 13 bits whereby 6 dB
dynamic range is provided per bit) is required. The ADC 104 will
also consume considerable power.
[0010] It is desirable to provide a method of addressing DC offset
cancellation and gain control without the disadvantages addressed
above.
SUMMARY
[0011] The present invention is a digital baseband (DBB) receiver
for receiving and processing a wireless communication signal. The
DBB receiver includes at least one low noise amplifier (LNA), at
least one demodulator, a direct current (DC) discharge circuit and
an LNA control circuit. The LNA selectively amplifies the
communication signal. The demodulator outputs analog real and
imaginary signal components on real and imaginary signal paths,
respectively, in response to receiving the communication signal
from the LNA. The DC discharge circuit selectively discharges DC
accumulating on at least one of the real and imaginary signal
paths. The LNA control circuit turns the LNA on or off.
[0012] The DBB receiver may further include a first high pass
filter (HPF) circuit in communication with the real signal path and
a second HPF circuit in communication with the imaginary signal
path. Each of the first and second HPF circuits may include at
least one capacitor, at least one resistor and at least one
transistor in parallel with the resistor. Each transistor may be
controlled by the DC discharge circuit to selectively flush
accumulated DC from the respective capacitor to ground.
[0013] Alternatively, each of the first and second HPF circuits may
include at least one capacitor, at least one resistor and at least
one switch in parallel with the resistor. Each switch may be
controlled by the DC discharge circuit to selectively flush
accumulated DC from the respective capacitor to ground.
[0014] The DBB receiver may further include a first digital gain
control circuit having an input in communication with the first HPF
circuit, and a second digital gain control circuit having an input
in communication with the second HPF circuit. The DBB receiver may
further include a DC offset and normalization compensation module
in communication with respective outputs of the first and second
digital gain circuits, an input to the DC discharge circuit and an
input to the LNA control circuit. The DC offset and normalization
compensation module may be configured to maintain the output of the
DBB receiver at a constant output power level.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING(S)
[0015] A more detailed understanding of the invention may be had
from the following description of a preferred example, given by way
of example and to be understood in conjunction with the
accompanying drawing wherein:
[0016] FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a conventional RF receiver
including an analog radio receiver; and
[0017] FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D, taken together, are a block diagram
of a DBB RF receiver with a digital DC offset and normalization
compensation module configured in accordance with a preferred
embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0018] Preferably, the method and system disclosed herein is
incorporated into a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU).
Hereafter, a WTRU includes but is not limited to a user equipment,
mobile station, fixed or mobile subscriber unit, pager, or any
other type of device capable of operating in a wireless
environment. The features of the present invention may be
incorporated into an integrated circuit (IC) or be configured in a
circuit comprising a multitude of interconnecting components.
[0019] The present invention is applicable to communication systems
using time division duplex (TDD), time division multiple access
(TDMA), frequency division duplex (FDD), code division multiple
access (CDMA), CDMA 2000, time division synchronous CDMA (TDSCDMA),
and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). However, the
present invention is envisaged to be applicable to other types of
communication systems as well.
[0020] FIGS. 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D, taken together, illustrate the
overall architecture of a digital baseband (DBB) receiver 200
operating in accordance with the preferred embodiment of the
present invention. A mapping is used to normalize the input. The
receiver 200 includes an analog radio receiver 202 (see FIG. 2A), a
real signal path digital gain control circuit 205A, an imaginary
signal path digital gain control circuit 205B, respective LPFs
245A, 245B, a digital direct current (DC) offset and normalization
compensation module 300, a DC-discharge flag circuit 250 and an LNA
control circuit 275 (see FIG. 2B). The DC-discharge flag circuit
250 is used to flush out DC accumulated in the real and imaginary
signal component paths when a predetermined threshold is exceeded.
Furthermore, if the input power to the analog radio receiver 202 is
very low, the LNA control circuit 275 turns on the LNA 135 and, if
the input power to the analog radio receiver 202 is very high, the
LNA control circuit 275 turns off the LNA 135.
[0021] In receiver 200, full dynamic range is provided using a
normalization process without the use of a DAC, such as the one
used in the prior art system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1.
[0022] As shown in FIG. 2A, the analog radio receiver 202 is a
direct conversion receiver which includes an antenna 125 for
receiving a wireless communication signal, a bandpass filter 130,
an LNA 135, an optional second filter 140 (e.g., bandpass filter),
a demodulator 145 having two outputs 150, 155, a PLL 160, an analog
real signal path LPF 165A, an analog imaginary signal path LPF
165B, at least one real signal path amplifier 170A, at least one
imaginary signal path amplifier 170B, at least one analog real
signal path high pass filter (HPF) circuit 175A, and at least one
analog imaginary signal path HPF circuit 175B. Each of the
amplifiers 170A, 170B, include a high gain stage residing in the
analog domain of the analog radio receiver 202. Each of the HPF
circuits 175A, 175B, include at least one capacitor C.sub.1,
C.sub.2, at least one resistor R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and at least one
transistor T.sub.1, T.sub.2, for selectively grounding the output
of the respective capacitor C.sub.1, C.sub.2, to eliminate DC
offsets accumulating thereof. Alternatively, one or more switches
may be used to short the outputs of the capacitors C.sub.1,
C.sub.2, of the HPF circuits 175A, 175B, to ground.
[0023] As shown in FIG. 2B, the digital DC offset and normalization
compensation module 300 has a real signal input 305 connected to
the real signal path digital gain control circuit 205A via the LPF
245A, and an imaginary signal input 310 connected to the imaginary
signal path digital gain control circuit 205B via the LPF 245B. The
digital DC offset and normalization compensation module 300 further
includes real and imaginary compensated signal outputs 380, 390.
The digital DC offset and normalization compensation module 300
also outputs a DC estimation signal 392 for the real signal path
305, a DC estimation signal 394 for the imaginary signal path 310,
and a magnitude estimation signal 396. The DC estimation signals
392,394 are received by the DC-discharge flag circuit 250 which, in
turn, outputs a control signal when it is determined that DC on
C.sub.1 and C.sub.2 in the analog radio receiver 202 shown in FIG.
2A should be dissipated. The magnitude estimation signal 396 is
received by the LNA control circuit 275 which, in turn, outputs a
control signal to turn on or off the LNA 135 in the analog radio
receiver 202 shown in FIG. 2A.
[0024] Referring to FIG. 2B, each of digital gain control circuits
205A, 205B, include a logarithmic amplifier 210A, 210B, or other
amplifier with known compression characteristics for compressing
the input analog signals received from analog radio receiver 202
from a wider dynamic range to a lower dynamic range. In other
words, the logarithmic amplifiers 210A, 210B, apply a particular
level of amplification to the analog real (I) and imaginary (Q)
signal components in accordance with their amplitude. Each of the
digital gain control circuits 205A, 205B, further includes an ADC
215A, 215B, a look up table (LUT) 220A, 220B, and a combiner 225A,
225B. The LUTs 220A, 220B, provide an anti-log function used to
decompress the converted digital signals based on previously
captured compression curve data. The ADCs 215A, 215B, digitize the
outputs of the logarithmic amplifiers 210A, 210B, and provide the
digitized outputs to the LUTs or anti-log functions 225A, 225B, in
order to decipher the digital domain of the analog real and
imaginary signal components. The outputs of the ADCs 215A, 215B,
are converted to a linear scale by generating (2*n-1) bit signals.
It may be necessary to add one or more additional gain stages
before each logarithmic amplifier 215A, 215B, if the existing gain
is not sufficient to promote saturation. The combiners 225A, 225B,
combine the digitized outputs of the LUTs 220A, 220B, with sign
bits 230A, 230B, provided by saturated outputs of the logarithmic
amplifiers 210A, 210B, to generate a digital real signal component
235 and a digital imaginary signal component 240. The sign bits
230A, 230B, are created from saturated outputs of logarithmic
amplifiers 210A, 210B, respectively.
[0025] The digital gain control circuits 205A, 205B, are used to
compensate for channel loss variation and to support a large
dynamic range of incoming signals (e.g., from -100 dBm to -25 dBm).
The digital gain control circuits 205A, 205B, are also used to
minimize the number of bits required for operating the ADCs 215A,
215B, and are designed to efficiently compensate for channel loss
variation in an expeditious manner, without distorting the signal
envelope. The digital gain control circuits 205A, 205B, have a
linear response, in dB-per-volt. In a closed loop system, the
digital gain control circuits 205A, 205B, are used to maintain
functions such as stability, settling time, overshoot, etc.
[0026] FIG. 2C shows the architecture for the digital DC offset and
normalization compensation module 300. The digital DC offset and
normalization compensation module 300 includes real and imaginary
signal component inputs 305, 310, adders 315, 320, 325, 330,
multipliers 335, 340, delay units 345, 350, DC estimators 355, 360,
absolute power estimator 365, magnitude estimator 370 and inverse
function unit 375. The real (I) signal component input 305 is
connected to an input of the delay unit 345, the DC estimator 355
and the summer 315. The imaginary (Q) signal component input 310 is
connected to an input of the delay unit 350, the DC estimator 360
and the summer 320.
[0027] The DC estimator 355 outputs a signal 392 to an input of the
summers 315, 325, and to the DC-discharge flag circuit 250. The
summer 325 subtracts the signal 392 from a delayed real signal
component 348 outputted by the delay unit 345 and outputs a
resulting real signal 328 free of a DC offset. The DC estimator 360
outputs a signal 394 to an input of the summers 320,330, and to the
DC-discharge flag circuit 250. The summer 330 subtracts the signal
394 from a delayed real signal component 352 outputted by the delay
unit 350 and outputs a resulting imaginary signal 332 free of a DC
offset. Each of the DC estimators 355, 360 take a substantial
amount of time to converge. Thus the delay units 355, 360, are used
to compensate for the delay in generating an estimation of the DC
level on the real and imaginary signal component inputs 305, 310,
respectively.
[0028] When the signal 392 indicates that the DC level on the real
(I) or imaginary (Q) signal component inputs 305, 310, exceeds a
predetermined value, the DC-discharge flag circuit causes the
transistors T.sub.1, T.sub.2, in the analog radio receiver 202 to
discharge any DC stored in the capacitors C.sub.1, C.sub.2.
[0029] In one embodiment, switches may be substituted for the
transistors T.sub.1, T.sub.2, used in the analog radio receiver 202
whereby any DC stored in the capacitors C.sub.1, C.sub.2 is
selectively discharged to ground. In another embodiment, when the
present invention is implemented by a time-slotted system (e.g.,
TDD, TDMA), the discharge of the capacitors C.sub.1 and C.sub.2
only takes place during a guard period which occurs between time
slots, such that the transmission of data is not interfered
with.
[0030] Still referring to FIG. 2C, the output of the DC estimator
355 is subtracted from the real (I) signal component input 305 via
the summer 315 which outputs a result 318 to the absolute power
estimator 365. The output 368 of the DC estimator 360 is subtracted
from the imaginary (Q) signal component input 310 via the summer
320 which outputs a result 322 to the absolute power estimator 365
which performs a function based on the results 318 and 322 (e.g.,
.degree.{square root over (I.sup.2+Q.sup.2)}). The output of the
absolute power estimator is fed to the magnitude estimator which
outputs an averaged magnitude estimation signal 396 (e.g., E(-
{square root over (I.sup.2+Q.sup.2)}|)) to the LNA control circuit
275 and to the inverse function unit 375 which determines the
inverse of the estimated power (e.g., 1/E(| {square root over
(I.sup.2+Q.sup.2)}|)) such that the output power is maintained at a
constant level.
[0031] The inverse function unit 375 outputs inverse power
estimation signals 376, 378, to respective inputs of the
multipliers 335, 340. The multiplier 335 multiplies the resulting
signal 328 by the signal 376 to provide a compensated real signal
component output 380. The multiplier 340 multiplies the resulting
signal 332 by the signal 376 to provide a compensated imaginary
signal component output 380.
[0032] FIG. 2D shows the architecture for the DC-discharge flag
circuit 250. The DC-discharge flag circuit 250 includes real and
imaginary magnitude detectors 255, 260, a DC power estimator 265
and a comparator 270 which compares the output of the DC power
estimator with a predetermined threshold K.sub.1. The comparator
270 selectively outputs a control signal causing switches S1 and S2
in the analog radio receiver 202 to close when the output of the DC
power estimator exceeds the predetermined threshold K.sub.1.
[0033] While this invention has been particularly shown and
described with reference to preferred embodiments, it will be
understood by those skilled in the art that various changes in form
and details may be made therein without departing from the scope of
the invention described hereinabove.
* * * * *