U.S. patent application number 11/476967 was filed with the patent office on 2007-11-29 for apparatus and method for facilitating emergency helmet removal.
Invention is credited to Rodger H. Rast.
Application Number | 20070271686 11/476967 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38748147 |
Filed Date | 2007-11-29 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070271686 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Rast; Rodger H. |
November 29, 2007 |
APPARATUS AND METHOD FOR FACILITATING EMERGENCY HELMET REMOVAL
Abstract
A safety helmet, such as for use with motorcycles, race
vehicles, off-road vehicles, boats, skiing, and similar activities
which pose a risk to the head and neck of individuals. The
inventive helmet is beneficially configured for being readily
removed in the case of emergency, such as if the wearer experiences
a collision. The helmet can only be readily separated
electronically under proper conditions, therein allowing portions
of the helmet to be removed without undue forces being applied to
the head and neck of the wearer. A separation preparation indicator
is also described for providing indications of whether an adjacent
and/or remote assembly configured with releasable portions attached
with electrically responsive adhesive has been deactivated, and has
the advantage of accurately indicating the state of the releasable
portion as the indicator is subject to the same electrical
stimulation and electrically releasable adhesive.
Inventors: |
Rast; Rodger H.; (Gold
River, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
RODGER H. RAST
11230 GOLD EXPRESS DRIVE
SUIT 310 MS 337
GOLD RIVER
CA
95670
US
|
Family ID: |
38748147 |
Appl. No.: |
11/476967 |
Filed: |
June 27, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60694749 |
Jun 27, 2005 |
|
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|
Current U.S.
Class: |
2/410 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A42B 3/328 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
002/410 |
International
Class: |
A42B 1/06 20060101
A42B001/06 |
Claims
1. A helmet apparatus worn on the head for preventing head and neck
injury, comprising: at least a first and second outer shell
section; a conductive interface proximal to where said at least
first outer shell section and second outer shell section are to be
joined to create the exterior of the helmet shell; an electrically
responsive adhesive retained between the conductive interface
portions of said first outer shell section and said second outer
shell section; wherein the helmet outer shell is formed with at
least said first and second sections joined by said adhesive is
configured to remain intact despite encountering a collision event;
at least one layer of inner padding within said helmet outer shell
and configured to increase comfort and reduce impact forces on the
head of a wearer inserted within the padding interior of the outer
shell; and an emergency activation means configured for providing a
sufficient electrical stimulus between conductive interfaces on at
least said first and second sections of said outer shell for
deactivating the bonding of said adhesive; thereby in response to
emergency activation the sections of said helmet can be readily
separated from each other and the head of the user without the
conventional forces required to remove a helmet with an intact
outer shell.
2. A helmet as recited in claim 1, wherein said helmet outer shell
is formed by attaching two or more outer shell sections, each
having a conductive interface, with said electrically responsive
adhesive.
3. A helmet as recited in claim 1, wherein said electrically
responsive adhesive debonds in response to a sufficient current
being passed across the regions of the adhesive connection.
4. A helmet as recited in claim 1, further comprising a connector,
jack, or receptacle providing connection with said conductive
interfaces on said at least first and second helmet shell
sections.
5. A helmet as recited in claim 1, further comprising means for
authenticating the emergency situation prior to deactivation of
adhesive bonding.
6. A helmet as recited in claim 1, wherein said authenticating
means comprises: a first electrical circuit having outputs
connecting to said conductive interface of said shell sections and
inputs configured for receiving an electrical signal; and a
signature validation circuit which responds to the receipt of a
properly formatted electrical signal on its input by triggering
said first electrical circuit into outputting an electrical signal
to deactivate said electrically responsive adhesive retained
between said conductive interfaces.
7. A helmet as recited in claim 1, wherein said authenticating
means comprises: a control circuit, helmet coupled, having outputs
connecting to said conductive interface of said shell sections and
inputs configured for receiving an electrical signal; a memory
within said electrical circuit configured for retaining a signature
pattern; a microprocessor coupled to said memory and within said
control circuit; and programming configured for execution on said
microprocessor for, registering a signature received on said
inputs, comparing said received signature with the signature
pattern retained in said memory, generating a signal to deactivate
said electrically responsive adhesive retained between said
conductive interfaces in response to a sufficient match of the
incoming signature with the pattern stored in memory.
8. A helmet as recited in claim 7: wherein said inputs configured
for receiving an electrical signal comprise an electrical
connection which remains accessible while the helmet is being worn;
and wherein said control circuit is configured for receiving a
voltage through said electrical connection which provides operating
power; wherein said received signature is conveyed as an electrical
signal superimposed on said voltage, or which is conveyed on one or
more separate signal connections.
9. A helmet as recited in claim 1, wherein said at least first and
second outer shell sections are configured for being joined at said
conductive interface in an overlapping manner, therein providing
additional adhesive surface area over that provided by adhering
said first and said sections in a butt joint.
10. A helmet system worn on the head for preventing head and neck
injury, comprising: at least a first and second outer shell
section; a conductive interface proximal to where said at least
first outer shell section and second outer shell section are to be
joined to create the exterior of the helmet shell; an electrically
responsive adhesive retained between the conductive interface
portions of said first outer shell section and said second outer
shell section; wherein the helmet outer shell is formed with at
least said first and second sections joined by said adhesive and is
configured to remain intact despite encountering a collision event;
at least one layer of inner padding within said helmet outer shell
and configured to increase comfort and reduce impact forces on the
head of a wearer inserted within the padding on the interior of the
outer shell; and a helmet release key assembly configured for
deactivating the adhesive to allow removal of said first and second
sections of said helmet, and comprising, a power source, a memory
for retaining a signature pattern, a control circuit for supplying
power and generating said signature pattern; a helmet release
control circuit having outputs connecting to said conductive
interface of said shell sections and an electrical input configured
for receiving said helmet release key, and comprising, a power
circuit configured for applying power to said helmet release
control circuit in response to receiving electrical power from said
helmet key release assembly, a memory configured for retaining a
signature pattern, a microprocessor, programming configured for
execution on said microprocessor for, registering a signature
received on said electrical input from the helmet release key,
comparing said received signature with the signature pattern
retained in said memory, generating a signal to deactivate said
electrically responsive adhesive retained between said conductive
interfaces in response to a sufficient match of the incoming
signature with the pattern stored in memory.
11. A method of fabricating a helmet which can be removed from the
head of the wearer in sections in emergency situations, comprising:
forming the exterior shell of the helmet as multiple separate
sections configured for being joined to one another to form a
complete helmet shell; adapting at least a portion of the edges of
said separate sections with a conductor; joining said multiple
separate sections of said shell with an electrically responsive
adhesive whose bonding strength is significantly abated in response
to the application of a sufficient electrical stimulus; and routing
conductors from said conductors on said separate shell sections for
access by persons while helmet is being worn.
12. A method as recited in claim 11, further comprising
interconnecting a control circuit on said conductors to control the
conditions under which the adhesive is deactivated.
13. A method as recited in claim 12, wherein said control circuit
is configured for comparing a signature received from an external
signal with an internal signature and generating an electrical
signal for deactivating said adhesive in response.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims priority from provisional patent
application Ser. No. 60/694,749 filed Jun. 27, 2005, which is
incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
STATEMENT OF FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT
[0002] Not Applicable
REFERENCE TO A MICROFICHE APPENDIX
[0003] Not Applicable
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0004] 1. Field of the Invention
[0005] This invention pertains generally to motorcycle safety
devices and more particularly to a safety helmet which can be
readily split open after an accident without inducing neck or head
trauma.
[0006] 2. Description of the Background Art
[0007] Helmets, such as used by motorcycle riders, provide
invaluable crash protection. Helmet manufacturers have gone to
extreme lengths to create a very light-weight extremely high impact
resistant shell. Motorcycle helmet shells are formed in a single
piece, with no seam, to reduce weight and increase strength. Often
carbon fiber, Kevlar, and other high tensile strength materials are
used within the shell to assure that it does not crack open upon
impact. Within the shell material a crush material layer is
attached, such as a hard Styrofoam or material of similar
compressibility, is retained as well as layers of padding.
[0008] In order to provide high levels of crash protection, as well
as comfort, the helmets must fit very snug on the head of the
wearer. The snug fit assures the helmet does not bounce around
during use or change its position, possibly reducing visibility for
the user. The snug fit also prevents helmet loss, dislodgement,
loss of position in response to an impact. A snug fit is one of the
most important criterion that motorcycle riders are often prompted
to check for in a helmet.
[0009] However, after a crash, in particular if the rider is
unconscious or has suspected head or neck injuries, the helmet can
become a liability. In the process of removing the helmet the
spinal nerves can be damaged, or other forms of head, neck or back
damage induced. The very snug fit makes ingress or egress somewhat
difficult within these helmets--even by the wearer who can feel
where and how to apply the pressures to ingress or egress. A second
party removing the helmet from a victim, however, has no such
feedback and is removing the helmet from an individual that often
has damage in those areas as well as swelling. It should be
remembered that the weight and bulk of make it often subject to a
great deal of rotational torques during an accident, such as in
sliding, tumbling, and so forth. These torques are obviously
applied through the neck and back of the wearer, wherein it is no
surprise that so often spinal trauma arises.
[0010] It is difficult to administer first aid to a crash victim
while still wearing their helmet, wherein the helmets are often
removed by EMT personnel as well as individuals with little
training that are attempting to administer first aid. The damage
which results from helmet removal has prompted many riders to wear
a tag on their helmet indicating that in case of accident DO NOT
remove the helmet. Although, emergency rooms and possibly some
emergency medical technicians (Mets), have the equipment for
cutting the helmet off, this is not a suitable solution, as it can
be very difficult to administer the necessary first aid and
determine the extent of injuries with a helmet still on the
patient. Furthermore, if a head trauma has occurred, then head
swelling can make the helmet fit even tighter and may cut off blood
supply.
[0011] Accordingly, an apparatus and method are needed which will
facilitate emergency removal of a helmet without placing stresses
or strains on the head and neck of an injured wearer. The present
invention fulfills that need as well as others while being readily
implemented with a wide range of current helmet designs.
BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0012] A helmet according to the invention is configured for being
readily removed from the wearer in emergency situations in response
to an electrical stimulus which reconfigures the helmet from a
first to a second configuration. Once the electrical signals
prepare the helmet for separation, the portions of it can be
readily removed from the head of the wearer without undue
stress.
[0013] In one embodiment of the invention a helmet apparatus is
constructed in at least two sections which are joined with an
electrically responsive mechanical means for preparing for and/or
effecting separation. For example, the helmet is formed from
sections having a conductive portion at the joint between the
sections. An electrically responsive epoxy is used to adhere the
portions of the helmet. An electrical connection to the conductive
portion of the joint allows receipt of a sufficient electrical
stimulus across the epoxy, wherein it debonds from the joint. The
helmet can then be readily separated into its component sections
and removed from the head of the wearer without the usual
trauma.
[0014] The electrical stimulus can be received by the helmet in a
number of alternative ways. In one embodiment an electrical
connection on the helmet is configured for receiving a key device
for providing the electrical power to effect separation, or to
complete a circuit wherein power from within the helmet itself is
used to change the configuration. In another embodiment the power
from an existing device, such as a portable heart defibrillation
unit, is used to drive the change in configuration. For example,
the paddles are placed on opposing sides of the helmet and the
electrical output triggered, to deactivate the bonds on the helmet
halves, thus rendering them easily removed without undue pressure
on the head or neck of the injured, or potentially-injured,
rider.
[0015] Optional aspects of the invention include a biasing means
for forcing separation in response to adhesive deactivation. This
separation preparation mechanism operates to separate the halves of
the helmet upon the epoxy bond strength being electrically changed.
For example, using piezoelectric, or explosive, actuation to
separate the halves once the epoxy if debonded wherein the sections
of helmet are more readily separated from one another without the
application of undue forces.
[0016] One implementation of the invention can be described as a
helmet apparatus for preventing head and neck injury, comprising:
(a) at least a first and second outer shell section; (b) a
conductive interface proximal to where the at least first outer
shell section and second outer shell section are to be joined to
create the exterior of the helmet shell; (c) an electrically
responsive adhesive retained between the conductive interface
portions of the first outer shell section and the second outer
shell section; (d) wherein the helmet outer shell is formed with at
least the first and second sections joined by the adhesive is
configured to remain intact despite encountering a collision event;
(e) at least one layer of inner padding within the helmet outer
shell and configured to increase comfort and reduce impact forces
on the head of a wearer inserted within the padding interior of the
outer shell; and (f) an emergency activation means configured for
providing a sufficient electrical stimulus between conductive
interfaces on at least the first and second sections of the outer
shell for deactivating the bonding of the adhesive; (g) thereby in
response to emergency activation the sections of the helmet can be
readily separated from each other and the head of the user without
the conventional forces required to remove a helmet with an intact
outer shell.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] The invention will be more fully understood by reference to
the following drawings which are for illustrative purposes
only:
[0018] FIG. 1 is a side view of a safety helmet which can be
readily separated after an accident to reduce the chances of head
and neck trauma according to an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0019] FIG. 2 is a front view of the safety helmet of FIG. 1,
according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0020] FIG. 3 is a cross-section view of the interface between
separable portions of the helmet according to an aspect of the
present invention.
[0021] FIG. 4 is a cross-section view of another interface between
separable portions of the helmet according to another aspect of the
present invention.
[0022] FIG. 5 is a schematic block diagram of a helmet splitting
control circuit according to an embodiment of the present
invention.
[0023] FIG. 6 is a flowchart of the method of manufacturing the
splitting safety helmet according to an aspect of the present
invention.
[0024] FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for
indicating that the helmet portions have been electrically
de-bonded and can now be mechanically separated according to an
aspect of the present invention.
[0025] FIG. 8 is a top view of a the separation indicator of FIG. 7
according to an aspect of the present invention.
[0026] FIGS. 9A and 9B are side views of a separation indicator
shown, respectively, prior to and after actuation, according to an
aspect of the present invention.
[0027] FIG. 9C is a top view of a separation preparation device
according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[0028] FIG. 10 is a side view of a tractor-trailer rig configured
with fire and explosion protection devices according to an aspect
of the present invention.
[0029] FIG. 11 is a side view of a tractor-trailer rig configured
with fire and explosion protection devices according to another
aspect of the present invention.
[0030] FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram of a trademark
protected communications link between at least two electronic
devices according to an aspect of the present invention.
[0031] FIGS. 13 and 14 are data structures containing trademarked
material within a command code for gaining access to a distant end
by the owner of the trademark, while others would be in trademark
violation to send a similar communication, according to an aspect
of the present invention.
[0032] FIG. 15 is a top view of a self-programming radio-frequency
identification (RFID) tag according to an aspect of the present
invention, shown configured to identify itself with an underlying
bar code.
[0033] FIG. 16 is a schematic block diagram of the self-programming
RFID tag according to an aspect of the present invention.
[0034] FIG. 17 is a cross-section view of an automated tag
releasing RFID tag according to an aspect of the present
invention.
[0035] FIG. 18 is a side view of an RFID tag programmer according
to an aspect of the present invention.
[0036] FIG. 19 is a block diagram of a player piano sensor strip
according to an aspect of the present invention.
[0037] FIG. 20 is a schematic block diagram of the piano sensor
strip according to an aspect of the present invention.
[0038] FIG. 21 is a schematic of a compander for reducing
distortion from high level inputs that would otherwise clip
according to an aspect of the present invention.
[0039] FIG. 22 is a schematic of a dual compander-expander device
for automatically controlling dynamic range in response to program
types and content according to an aspect of the present
invention.
[0040] FIG. 23 is a schematic block diagram of a fan controller
which generates sound sequences and effects in response to
modulating fan speed according to an aspect of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENT(S)
[0041] Referring more specifically to the drawings for illustrative
purposes, the present invention is embodied in the method generally
described in FIG. 1 to FIG. 23. The following description is
presented to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to make and
use the invention as provided in the context of a particular
application and its requirements. Unnecessary technical details,
which extend beyond the necessary information allowing a person of
ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention, are preferably
absent for the sake of clarity and brevity. Furthermore, it is to
be understood that inventive aspects may be practiced in numerous
alternative ways by one or ordinary skill without departing from
the teachings of the invention. Therefore, various modifications to
the preferred embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled
in the art, and the principles defined here may be applied to other
embodiments. Thus the present invention is not intended to be
limited to the embodiments shown, but is to be accorded the widest
scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed
herein.
[0042] The present invention describes a helmet configured for
being readily separated from the wearer in an emergency situation.
It has been appreciated by the inventor that helmet manufacturers
are driven toward reducing the weight of the helmet, making the
shell as tough and light as possible so that it will not separate
in response to a crash. However, there are reasons for having a
conditionally responsive helmet shell, for example to effect
separating the helmet from the wearer after a collision.
[0043] 1.1.1 Introduction.
[0044] To provide a helmet which can be removed in pieces after a
collision it is formed in at least two sections. For example the
helmet is formed from two halves which are joined at special joint
(or joints) that can be selectably disconnected in response to an
electrical stimulus. Electrical connections on the helmet are
coupled to the conductive portions of the joint such that an
activation current can be passed across the joint to debond the two
halves of the material, therein allowing portions of the helmet to
be separated by hand. Various embodiments of the electrical
connectivity can provide added convenience, universality, and
security features which will be discussed at length later on.
[0045] FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 illustrate by way of example of an
electrically removable safety helmet 10. Helmet sections 12, 14 are
shown by way of example as a right half 12 and left half 14,
however, it should be appreciated that the helmet can be sectioned
in a front to back manner or otherwise sectioned into any number of
parts without departing from the teachings of the present
invention.
[0046] Conductive interfaces 16 bound the edges of helmet sections
12, 14 to be joined forming a seam 18 at which the helmet sections
are joined with an electrically responsive material, such as an
adhesive, for example epoxy. An opening 20 in the helmet comprises
a peripheral helmet portions 22 surrounding a typically oval or
rectangular opening, although any suitable shape may be utilized. A
visor 24 covers opening 20 and is typically hinged to the helmet,
such as at hinges 26. An underside opening 28 provides ingress and
egress for the head of the wearer.
[0047] In one optional implementation of the invention, the face
shield connection, such as at hinges 26 are also adapted with an
internal electrically responsive adhesive, or other form of
electrically responsive disconnection. In this way, when the halves
of the helmet are electrically separated, then the shield is
likewise separated from the helmet halves. This can be implemented
by forming the hinge pins in two pieces having a conductive
interface joined by the electrically responsive adhesive. The
conductive portions are connected to the control unit 30 to provide
separation of the shield at the same time as the sections are
separated.
[0048] The electrically responsive adhesive is a relatively new
class of materials, such as ElectRelease.TM. by EIC Laboratories.
The material can support shear leads of up to 3,500
pounds-per-square inch (psi) and can be released by a current
applied by voltages as low as 3.5 volts to 9 volts at reasonably
low currents. The current levels for release are low enough that
they may be supplied from batteries, such as a 9 volt battery
(i.e., commonly referred to as a "transistor radio" battery). The
material is heat resistant, handing temperatures up to 212.degree.
F. with a new version coming out for temperatures up to 302.degree.
F., which may be a preferred choice for this application.
[0049] A control circuit 30 is shown coupled to the conductive
interfaces 16 to provide a means for supplying current through the
electrically responsive adhesive. Electrical connections 20 are
shown as hidden lines interconnecting conductive interfaces 16, 18
with an optional electrical circuit 22 which is coupled via
conductors 24 to an electrical connectors, and/or from electrodes
26. The electrical connections within the helmet are preferably
made redundantly, so as to eliminate any single point of failure
within the removable helmet system.
[0050] In one embodiment, control circuit 30 can provide signal
conditioning for a raw electrical input, such as applied to
electrodes 32 buried on each side of the helmet. This mode allows
the helmet to be removed using a heart defibrillation unit, wherein
the pads of the "defib" are placed on opposing sides of the helmet
and activated. Although electrodes 32 may provide an exposed
conductor, they can also be located beneath an insulating layer of
paint. In the case of an insulated electrode 32 a capacitor is
formed between electrode and defib electrode between which only AC
current passes. Control circuit 30 is configured to convert the
received voltage for effectively driving a current across
conductive portions 16 through the electrically responsive
adhesive.
[0051] In another embodiment of the invention, control circuit 30
is coupled to an electrical connector 34 for receiving an
electrical signal for separating the helmet portions in an
emergency situation. In one mode of the invention, connector 34
and/or control circuit 30 can be provided redundantly, such as on
both sides of the helmet, making it extremely unlikely that both
connectors/controllers would be damaged from a single
collision--therein decreasing the likelihood of malfunction.
[0052] A helmet removal "key" 36 is inserted or otherwise makes
contact with connector 34 and supplies current to change the state
of the adhesive in seam 18. By way of example helmet removal key 36
provides the power (e.g., capacitor, battery, fuel cell, and so
forth) for changing the state of the adhesive which retains the
integrity of the helmet seam. In another embodiment a separation
key device is kept in a small "black box" on the motorcycle which
can be readily removed from the black box (for example so long as
the key is in the motorcycle as this would be typical at the scene
of an accident. The "key" is configured for interconnecting with
the electrodes for controlling the helmet joint. A capacitor,
preferably a double layer capacitor, or other high density
capacitor is configured to be charged continuously while it is held
in the "black box" retention housing on the motorcycle and to be
discharged upon coupling to the connector on the helmet. Preferably
matching indicia on the helmet and black box inform persons at the
scene that a key is to be used for opening the helmet as well as
where that key is located on the motorcycle. It is preferred that
black boxes be positioned in a standard location on motorcycles,
whether sold aftermarket or manufactured into the motorcycle
originally. Optionally, the helmet and key system can provide
secure changes of state, limiting how the helmet sections are to be
separated. For example, only the key made for the helmet, or a
master key held by emergency medical technicians/personnel (i.e.,
EMTs), will supply an appropriate electrical signal to signify to
controller 30 to activate disconnection of the helmet portions.
[0053] The key also preferably includes a self-test mode switch,
wherein the key and helmet can communicate, test the integrity of
connections to the separable joint, such as by measuring
conductance across the path, as well as test the operation of the
controller circuits in both the helmet and key. In this way the
user can be test and be assured that the helmet key combination is
operating properly.
[0054] In one embodiment it is preferred that the key be retained
in a housing on the motorcycle, wherein it is connected to the
electrical system and is kept in a state of charge thereby. It is
preferred that a label be adhered to the helmet which states, or
more preferably provides a picture, or graphic, showing the
location of the helmet removal key on the motorcycle. The housing
is preferably configured to only allow the key to be removed when
the ignition has been activated on the motorcycle, generally
requiring insertion and turning of the ignition key. For example an
electro-mechanical latch that is disengaged on a waterproof housing
when the ignition is turned on. In this way others can not take the
helmet key from the motorcycle unless the ignition key is in the
ignition, such as is the case when the motorcycle and rider have
been involved in a collision.
[0055] Other embodiments of the invention are contemplated, such as
but not limited to the following. Electrical power and means for
authentication are contained within the helmet itself. For
instance, a keypad allows a number to be entered for removing the
helmet. The power can be supplied by a flat battery pack such as
used in disposable film packs. Other external devices, similar in
function to the described key, may also be utilized for separating
the sections of the helmet, such as devices carried by EMT crews.
In addition, conductive regions 16, on either side of seam 18 can
be made accessible either directly, or by removal of a covering
(e.g., label, paint, and so forth) which then allows an electrical
stimulus to be applied directly across the electrically response
seam 18 to separate the portions of the helmet.
[0056] Although it does not seem warranted at this time, additional
interlocking means may be coupled to the separation system assuring
that the helmet is only separated into pieces in response to a
collision. For example, in one embodiment the helmet system can
provide a speed interlock wherein voltage can not be supplied to
the helmet if the helmet is under any significant motion, and/or in
response to airflow, such as arise while being worn during riding.
In another embodiment the interlock is deactivated in response to a
sufficient G force. It will be appreciated that if there is concern
about removing the helmet, then it stands to reason the individual
must have undergone some trauma which would necessarily involve an
impact (G) force. The thinking being that if they did not hit
anything, then there would be no reason to be extracting the
individual from the helmet. If such an interlock is provided, then
an override would be preferably provided for use by EMT personnel
and the like, to assure that they could still readily split the
helmet for removal. Again, these additional forms of interlock do
not appear necessary at this time, however, certain applications or
manufacturers may elect to include these or other interlock
mechanisms while not departing from the teachings of the present
invention.
[0057] In a preferred embodiment the joint between the sections of
the helmet comprises overlapping finger joints having conductive
surfaces. An electrically responsive epoxy is then used to join the
halves of the helmet. Contacts from the joint are made available,
perhaps through a special connector, removing a covering (peeling,
scraping, scratching, chipping, smashing, and so forth) to access a
set of contacts. A device providing sufficient power is applied to
the contacts which causes a current to pass through the epoxy
causing it to release the two halves at the joint, thereby allowing
the helmet to be quickly separated from the individual without
inducing neck trauma, or additional neck trauma.
[0058] FIG. 3 illustrates by way of example embodiment the joining
of two sections of helmet, such as right half 12 and left half 14.
The helmet cross section is shown with an exterior shell 43, for
example such as 1/8 inch to 3/16 inch thick, within which padding
layers 45 are retained. The conductive electrode portion 16 on each
side of seam 18 can be seen. The conductive electrode is shown in
some form of overlapped joint to increase the surface area joined
by the electrically responsive adhesive, which reduces the
likelihood of separation. In the example fingers 40 are configured
to be inserted within receptacle 38. An interconnection mean is
exemplified between the halves of the helmet, allowing electrical
stimulation to be applied, such as through the control unit, from
one side of the helmet. The interconnection means is exemplified as
a first conductor 42 (i.e., male connector half) adapted for
engagement with a connector 44 (i.e., female connector half). It
can be seen in the figure that a connection is established through
the connector 42, 44 allowing power supplied on one side of seam 18
to connect to the conductive joint on the other side of the seam,
this allowing power to be supplied from a single side. These
connectors being preferably substantially planar so as not to
require any additional padding within the helmet. Electrical
connections within the helmet are depicted on a first side as a
single conductor 46 and on a second side with two conductors 48a
and 48b. It will be appreciated that single conductors, or two
conductors, or any combination of wiring can be utilized without
departing from the present invention.
[0059] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a simple sloped seam 50
which can be utilized, such as having a tapered inside portion with
a first conductive surface 52 for attachment with electrically
responsive adhesive to a second conductive portion 54 on a tapered
outside portion of the helmet shell. For simplicity, the padding
and electrical connections are not shown in FIG. 4.
[0060] FIG. 5 illustrates a key based control circuit 70 wherein
key 36 with connector 76 is coupled at receptacle 34 with
electronics 74 within helmet 10. In this embodiment power for
disconnection is retained within key 36, such as within one or more
high density capacitors 80 (i.e., dual-layer capacitor). A power
supply 82 controls the charging, discharging, and any power
conversion necessary. A control circuit, preferably a small
inexpensive microcontroller (i.e., 8 bit microcontroller such as
used in appliances) is coupled to a memory 86, although it more
preferably includes internal memory. Codes are retained in memory
86, if optional security is to be maintained, thus preventing
helmet sections from being separated by using a different helmet
key than that provided for the specific helmet. An optional user
interface 85 is shown exemplified as a switch input and LED output,
to provide status information, and optional user control of the
key. For example the user interface can provide activation of a
self test mode via engaging the switch and indicate the results of
the test on the LED. The indicator (i.e., LED) can also be utilized
to show a ready state of charge for the unit to assure that the
power supply portion is operating properly.
[0061] A circuit 74 within the helmet preferably operates from
power supplied by key 36. A power supply 92 with storage capacitor
94 receives power upon coupling key 36 to connector 34, wherein
power is supplied to a control circuit, such as microcontroller 88
and memory 90. In this example signals are passed over the power
connection, as AC signals which can be detected by the controller,
wherein a simple two wire interface can be utilized, although any
desired number of interconnections can be supported by the
invention. Codes corresponding to those of key 36 are retained
within memory 88, as well as preferably master codes allowing
equipment supplied to EMTs or other emergency personnel to activate
helmet disassembly without using the specific key for that helmet.
In response to receiving a proper communication and code or codes
from key 36 control circuit 74 generates an appropriate power to
activation lines 96 which change the state of the adhesive thus
allowing the helmet to be manually separated readily in to sections
and removed from the patient.
[0062] Optionally, the ease with which the helmet can be separated
can be enhanced, by the inclusion of electrically activated force
generation means within the seams, for example a piezoelectric
transducer, or less preferably pyrotechnic elements. These elements
aid separation and enhance removal. The piezoelectric device
vibrates the seam, preferably opposing sides at an opposing phase,
wherein the helmet portions could separate very quickly. The use of
pyrotechnics can create gas which applied pressure to separate the
sections of the helmet with no need of manual intervention.
[0063] It should be readily appreciated that the present invention
has application to helmets for use in motorcycling or other high
speed sporting events, and for use by the military such as for
aircraft pilots.
[0064] The detailed description is not intended to limit the
apparatus and methods for separating a safety helmet electrically
to reduce the chance of injury. Instead the scope of the safety
helmet apparatus and methods are identified by any inventive
aspects which are described separately or in combination within the
specification and a subset of which are defined by the appended
claims and their equivalents.
2 PREPARED FOR SEPARATION INDICATOR
2.1 Background.
[0065] In considering the safety helmet described above, or similar
devices, it will be appreciated that even after the adhesive has
been deactivated the user may not know that an attempt at
deactivation has been attempted, or the adhesive actually released.
There is no indication to the user that the coupling strength of
the adhesive has been significantly reduced, for example thus
allowing the user to perform some other action, such as removal of
helmet sections as in the application above. In some application it
is difficult, or undesirable to force the separation of portions in
response to deactivation.
[0066] Accordingly a need exists for a mechanism to readily
indicate the state as to whether the separable portions are ready
to be separated. The present invention fulfills that need as well
as others.
2.2 Summary.
[0067] Numerous embodiments of separation preparation indicators,
referred to herein as SepPrep indicators, are described for
annunciating to the user the state of separation preparation. By
way of example, on preferred indicator comprises a biasing means
which is retained between two portions of an assembly adhered to
one another with the electroresponsive adhesive. One portion of the
assembly can even be the biasing means itself. The two portions are
each configured with conductive elements electrically coupled to
another assembly or portion of the assembly configured with
electroresponsive adhesive for being separated. When the electrical
current is applied to the main section of electroresponsive
adhesive, then the electroresponsive adhesive on the two portions
is deactivated wherein the biasing member by itself, or in
combination with other portions of the indicator move to indicate
the adhesive deactivation has taken place.
2.3 Detailed Description.
[0068] FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 illustrate by way of example an assembly
having electrically separable portions which uses a separation
preparation indicator 10 for indicating to the user when the
adhesive of assembly 12 has been deactivated.
[0069] Assembly 12 is configured with multiple portions, such as
14a, 14b, which have conductive portions 16a, 16b, between which is
retained, or configured for retention, electro-responsive adhesive
18, such as ElectRelease.TM. by EIC Laboratories. Conductors 20a,
20b are coupled for releasing the portions of assembly 12 either
directly or through a controller.
[0070] The SepPrep indicator 21 is coupled directly, or less
preferably indirectly (i.e., through an electronic control circuit)
to the electrical drive lines configured for indicating to the user
that the adhesive in assembly 12 has been deactivated. The SepPrep
indicator is shown attached to a first element 22, which could be a
portion of assembly 12 or other location where indication is
required, such as located remotely from assembly 12. Conductors
24a, 24b in this embodiment are coupled for receiving adhesive
deactivation power from that going to assembly 12. A mechanical
biasing means, such as spring 26, provides mechanical displacement
of attached second element 28 in response to deactivation of
adhesive, such as the ridge of electroresponsive adhesive 30.
[0071] In FIG. 8 it can be seen that a first conductive portion 24a
electrically connects to biasing member 26, which electrically
connects to the center of element 28, which is preferably of a
conductive material, or is adapted with conductive material at a
connection with member 26 and at the area to which the electrically
responsive adhesive is to be adhered. A second electrode 24b forms
an unclosed ring about element 28. In manufacturing (or reloading)
the SepPrep indicator the uncured electroresponsive adhesive is
applied to surface 22 or the underside edges of element 28 and a
force applied during curing to retain element 28 proximal to
surface 22 keeping biasing member 26 compressed. It will be
appreciated that conductors 24a, 24b may overly one another if an
insulator is first disposed therebetween, however, that extra step
is not required as a small gap in the electrode should not prevent
movement of element 28 under the force from biasing member 26.
[0072] The material of biasing member 26 should be chosen so that
extended time in a compressed state, even when exposed to thermal
cycling, mechanical shock, and electromagnetic fields does not
reduce the biasing force below what is required to separate element
28 from the adhesive after deactivation.
[0073] 2.3.1 Remote Mechanical Indicator.
[0074] The SepPrep indicator can be utilized at a remote location
from the materials which are being electrically configured for
separation. The advantage to using a mechanical separation
indicator, is that it can be subject to the same electrical
stimulation as assembly 12, wherein the indicator should always
provide a true indication of whether assembly 12 is ready for
separation.
[0075] FIG. 9A-9C depict a modular SepPrep indicator 50 shown in an
unactivated state in FIG. 9A and an activated state in FIG. 9B. A
base 52 is shown in a bayonet mounting format used by conventional
indicator lamps. An insulator 54 separates and insulates a second
contact region 56 from base 52. A cap 58 is shown attached to base
in FIG. 9A and in an active indicative state in FIG. 9B. A biasing
member 60 is shown in hidden lines in FIG. 9A and partially exposed
in FIG. 9B.
[0076] An embodiment can be readily implemented with cap 58 having
a conductive interior, attached to the top of conductive base 52
with electroresponsive adhesive.
[0077] Spring 60, or a separate wire, is coupled between base
electrode 56 and the conductive interior of cap 58. In response to
the application of a sufficient voltage between base 52 and
electrode 56 the electroresponsive adhesive is deactivated, wherein
the force of spring 60 overcomes the remaining adhesive tension
allowing cap 58 to extend from base 52. It should be readily
appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art that the biasing
means may comprise other forms of springs, compressed gasses, and
any convenient force applying element. In addition the indicator
can be moved in response to adhesive deactivation in a linear
manner, circular, hinged, and so forth. More than one element can
be configured to move in response to adhesive deactivation. There
are a number of variations which can be easily created from the
teachings herein.
[0078] In FIG. 9C a panel 64 is shown in which a remote SepPrep
indicator 62 has been activated. It will be appreciated that the
SepPrep indicators can be configured to replace lighting elements
or other standard devices while providing accurate indication of
separation preparedness.
[0079] It should be appreciated that additional indications can be
added to the mechanical SepPrep indicator, such as a light element
which is activated or deactivated when the adhesive in the SepPrep
indicator is activated. In one embodiment, the SepPrep mechanical
indicator includes an optical, and/or audio based annunciator that
changes state in response to a change of mechanical state of the
SepPrep indicator in response to the adhesive deactivation. For
example, the electrical conductivity through the electroresponsive
adhesive between the electrodes can be sensed to detect whether the
elements have physically separated from one another after
deactivation of the adhesive, therein providing an additional level
of indication. It should be appreciated that a number of
alternative embodiments can be created using LED, piezoelectric
annunciators, remote indicator panels, and other annunciator forms
to complement the mechanical indication of the SepPrep device.
[0080] It should also be appreciated that the SepPrep device can be
configured so that the mechanical movement of the indicator also
provides a change of state for a switch or other electrical
element, wherein the action can be sensed by other circuits or
effect a change in those other circuits. For example, the
electroresponsive adhesive retains a moveable indicator in a first
position in which it provides electrical continuity along a path,
and upon adhesive deactivation allows movement of the indicator
element while changing the state of electrical continuity. The
electrical signals across the electroresponsive adhesive may be
driven in response to voltage, or voltage generated in response to
current passing through a resistance in series with he electrical
continuity path, or similar.
[0081] 2.3.2 Scaled Separation Preparation Indicator.
[0082] In another embodiment the SepPrep indicator can be
configured with multiple portions that are configured for being
released in response to different levels of applied signal. In this
way, the indicator can indicate the efficiency of the signal used
to deactivate the electroresponsive adhesive. By way of simple
example, a cluster, or series, of small indicators as in FIG. 7 may
be connected with conductors 24a, 24b having different levels of
voltage drop, so that in response to a signal applied to the main
assembly to conductors 20a, 20b, the electroresponsive adhesive
achieves a different voltage level. One form of indicator would
provide two levels which "bracket" the electroresponsive
performance of assembly 12, for example having a first level of
resistance to the leads of a first indicator, a second level of
resistance to the leads of the assembly, and a third level of
resistance to the leads of a second indicator. In this way if both
indicators are mechanically displaced, then it can be assured that
the assembly is prepared for separation. It should be recognized
that the signal for driving the electroresponsive adhesive portions
may be altered other than with a resistor, such as by using diodes,
active voltage generator circuits, pulse-width modulation, and
other forms of modulating the applied signal.
[0083] In abstract, the present invention provides an indicator
devices to announce when the adhesive has been subjected to a
debonding operation, wherein the helmet or other apparatus can be
separated.
[0084] 2.3.3 Detailed Description in Claim Form.
[0085] The claims, and/or claim portions below comprise additional
disclosure of the invention and are to be considered as such for
all purposes.
[0086] 1. An apparatus for indicating deactivation of the adhesive
used for joining elements of an assembly with electrically
responsive adhesive, comprising:
[0087] an indicator element configured for joining to an indicator
location on the assembly or to a second indicator element;
[0088] a conductive interface on said indicator element, and on
either said indicator location on the assembly or to the second
indicator element;
[0089] an electrical connection coupling said conductive interfaces
on said indicator element and either said indicator location on the
assembly or the second indicator element to the conductors coupled
to the elements of the assembly joined with said electrically
responsive adhesive;
[0090] electroresponsive adhesive joining said indicator element
with the indicator location or a second indicator element; and
[0091] means for generating a mechanical biasing force between said
indicator element and said indicator location on the assembly or
the second indicator element;
[0092] wherein said mechanical biasing force is sufficient to at
least partially physically separate said indicator element from the
indicator location or the second indicator element in response to a
sufficient electrical stimulation for deactivating the adhesive
joining elements of the assembly thereby generating an annunciation
that the electrically responsive adhesive has been deactivated.
[0093] 2. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said
annunciation comprises an visual indication of indicator element
separation.
[0094] 3. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, further
comprising:
[0095] means for detecting the physical separation of said
indicator element from the indicator location or the second
indicator element;
[0096] wherein said means is configured to generate a electrical
signal, radio-frequency signal, visual annunciation, audio
annunciation, tactile annunciation, or a combination thereof in
response to separation of said indicator element.
[0097] 4. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said biasing
means is selected from the group of biasing means comprising a
coiled spring, planar spring, torsional spring, compressed element,
compressed gas or liquid fluid, and combinations thereof.
[0098] 5. An apparatus as recited in claim 1, wherein said biasing
means comprises an actuation device electrically coupled to the
conductive interface of said indicator and configured for
generating a biasing force in response to electrical
activation.
[0099] 6. An apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said
electrical activation may be generated before, at, or after the
time at which the electrically responsive adhesive is
deactivated.
[0100] 7. An apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said
actuation device comprises an electro-mechanical device.
[0101] 8. An apparatus as recited in claim 7, wherein said
electro-mechanical device is selected from the group of
electromechanical actuators consisting essentially of: solenoids,
motors, piezo-motors, linear motors, muscle wire, piezoelectric
transducers, electromagnets, and combination thereof.
[0102] 9. An apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein said
actuation device comprises a chemically-reactive device which
generates a biasing force in response to electrical activation of a
chemical reaction.
3 TRUCK PAYLOAD EXTENSION AND CONTAINMENT SYSTEM FOR HAZARDOUS
MATERIALS
3.1 Background
[0103] Presently military and civilian trucks can be a prime target
for terrorists, in particular when the payload is toxic, explosive,
flammable and so forth. The driver of these rigs rarely survives in
these situations, . . . making the job all that less desirable.
[0104] Accordingly a need exists to increase the survivability of
the driver. The present invention fulfills that needs as well as
others.
3.2 Summary.
[0105] A truck payload extension and containment system is
described which increase the survivability for the driver(s) of the
vehicle. The system requires the addition of a containment
extension as originally incorporated in the design, retrofitted to
existing trailer, or as an add-on or option. The extension provides
increased distance between the cab and dangerous payload and
provides room for the containment aspects of the system. The
containment payload may be passive and/or active. Passive
containment is configured to absorb explosions, whereas active
containment detects explosions in progress, or high threat, and
changes state to suit the threat, such as deploying containment
barriers, deploying foam or gas fire retardants, disconnecting the
payload section, and so forth.
3.3 Detailed Description.
[0106] FIG. 10 illustrates by way of example embodiment a
tractor-trailer 10 having cab with a cab-based containment pod 14,
which may extend or have containment side panels 16. Hitch
connection 18 couples to trailer 24 through hitch support structure
20. An extended trailer containment pod 22 is shown attached to the
extended structure 20 extending from payload (i.e., tanker 24).
[0107] FIG. 11 depicts a tractor trailer 50 having a conventional
extended cab 52 front cab section 54, and sleeper section 56. A
containment trailer 58 is shown with own wheels 59, that is
interposed between the cab and the payload 70, shown as a
conventional trailer. Containment trailer 58 is preferable
connected through structure 60 with hitch 62, and includes physical
containment 64 to block blast forces and prevent cab fire. Blast
deflectors can be included which are manually deployed in hostile
situations, or more preferably deployed in response to detection of
a threat or blast plume, the force of the initial blasts preferably
providing the wind force to speed deployment of the blast shields.
The use of a separate containment trailer allows increasing
separation distance, increasing reaction time, and providing for
additional storage of containment material and devices.
[0108] The containment attaches behind the cab and/or on between
the trailer and load, such as on an extension to the trailer height
structure, or as a separate trailer section configured to aid
containment. The devices provides a block between the hazardous
material and the driver, and in some cases the distance
therebetween.
[0109] The containment pods can include any or all of a number of
elements to further increase safety, such as the following. [0110]
barrier; [0111] tank of foam that ruptures easily to block flame
toward cab; [0112] suicide doors on the cab [0113] flame protective
shield deployment; [0114] shield can deploy to protect egress;
[0115] Fire suppression (CO2, N2, foam, etc.) in cab to blow halon;
[0116] means for releasing trailer in response to attack/explosion;
[0117] means for pushing trailer away--if cab is stopped; [0118]
lasers crossing at fixed rearward distance to mark safe following
distance; [0119] ejection seat, or cab portion.
[0120] In FIG. 10 the rear of the trailer is preferably configured
to warn approaching drivers to retain a sufficient following
distance. Three optional alert systems are shown.
[0121] A first alert system utilizes an ultrasonic distance sensing
circuit 82 generating ultrasonic sound patterns 80 to detect the
distance to the following vehicle. The alerts can be annunciated by
flashing an alert sign. Preferably, the rear of the vehicle
includes a simple display that lights up when the driver approaches
too closely, and text and/or graphics indicating the driver is less
than the recommended X feet from the rear of the trailer.
Optionally, the distance can be read out on a display, and the
desired following distance also indicated (i.e., such as in
response to setting by the driver depending on the load and
situation).
[0122] A second alert system can use similar ultrasonic circuits 82
above, however, the alert is provided with an audible indication to
the following driver. It will be appreciated that ultrasonic
signals are significantly directional in nature and that an audio
message in the human hearing range can be communicated as a beat
frequency between multiple ultrasonic audio signals which
individually are not within the range of human hearing. The system
need not detect the actual following distance but need only have
the overlap of the ultrasonic output overlap at distances less than
a desired following distance, wherein the driver will perceive upon
coming too close that they are being issued a warning.
[0123] In a third alert system a laser detection circuit 86 outputs
beam(s) 84 for detecting the distance of the follower. In addition
the crossing pattern of the beams themselves can be used to signal
the minimum distance that the next car is to follow.
[0124] It should be appreciated that the above may be utilized
separately or in combinations without departing from the teachings
of the present invention.
4 TRADEMARKED DATA COMMUNICATION
4.1 References.
[0125] Incorporates these related copending application(s) by
reference:
[0126] Utility patent application within docket "RPA_RAST071403"
Ser. No. 10/891,718 filed Jul. 14, 2004; associated Provisional
patent application Ser. No. 60/487,295 filed Jul. 14, 2003; and
[0127] Utility patent application within docket "RPA_RAST120103"
Ser. No. 11/002,567 filed Dec. 1, 2004; associated Provisional
patent application Ser. No. 60/526,376 filed Dec. 1, 2003.
4.2 Background
[0128] Presently it is difficult to restrict companies from reverse
engineering proprietary interfaces, protocols and the like to
prevent companies from producing knock offs without the
expenditures made by the originators during the design of the
product. It seems that no matter how sophisticated the protocol
scheme the copycats can create a device sufficiently compatible to
be sold. The present invention overcomes that problem.
4.3 Summary.
[0129] An apparatus and method for providing communication between
devices which is afforded legal protection. It has not been
appreciated in the industry that protocols are generally up for
grabs, wherein anyone can copycat the protocol with impunity.
However, the present invention is directed at providing an
interface in which one of the elements communicated is a
Trademarked identification of the manufacturer, or a copyrighted
work owned by the manufacturer.
4.4 Detailed Description.
[0130] The present invention describes apparatus and methods for
providing communication qualifiers based on copyrighted material,
trademarks, or the like.
[0131] 4.4.1 Processor Controlled Embodiment.
[0132] Devices are often configured for establishing communication
based on qualification data received. For example a peripheral may
be coupled to a master device, wherein the master device can only
utilize peripherals that respond according to standards set by that
manufacturer. Often these communication standards are adopted by
other parties, allowing them to make equipment compatible with that
of another company. In the above example the peripheral is
configured to send codes to the master which match that of another
manufacturer.
[0133] In order to reduce the problems associated with unwarranted
copying of the standard, such as to sell competing devices, the
present invention adds another level of legal protection. The
identifier being communicated in this case is configured as a
registered trademark, or copyrighted work, wherein companies which
are illicitly utilizing the identifier can be prosecuted under
trademark standards as well as perhaps under any other applicable
statutes.
[0134] Typically, conventional codes are cryptic with limited fixed
content. Competition can typically copy the command structures with
impunity to duplicate the design.
[0135] By way of example, a first device made by ACME Corporation
is configured for only operating with peripherals made by either
ACME Corporation or those of its licensed agent AJAX Company, or
those of companies ABC Industries which have licensed the
technology. In this case the peripherals communicate manufacture
information in the form of a registered trademark, such as "ACME
Corporation in Sawmill Oregon.RTM.". The first device will not
operate, or will have reduced functionality, when a peripheral
device is coupled to it that does not generate a trademark
registration which matches the list of those contained on the
master device.
[0136] FIG. 12 illustrates by way of example a communication link
embodiment 10 between two electronic devices 12, 14. By way of
example a microprocessor 16 with memory 18 having trademark and
copyright strings 20, communicates with a second microprocessor 22
with memory 24, having a set of .TM. and copyright data to compare
against the incoming strings. It should be appreciated that with
the high data rates and the amount of inexpensive memory, it is not
difficult to include the trademark and copyright strings within the
communication interface. It is preferred that the data be sent
periodically for validating the equipment at each end. Competitors
are unable to legally include these trademarks or copyrighted
miniature "poems", even if copy the functionality of the device. In
this way a competitor is unable to make a copy of device 12 or 14
and have it work properly with a factory unit 12 or 14.
[0137] FIG. 13 illustrates a command string 30 passing between
devices which contains a trademark identifier for the ABC Company.
Sufficient information is included in the string to allow it to be
protected.
[0138] FIG. 14 illustrates a similar example 34 in which a small
poem, musical composition, or other copyrighted work is included in
the communication as an identifier.
[0139] It should be appreciated that the .TM. or copyrighted data
may be retained within memory, logic circuits, gate arrays,
programmable logic arrays, custom circuits, VLSI, analog circuits
or the like. In addition the system preferably provides a mechanism
for annunciating (e.g., displaying or playing) at least these
portions of the string as a standard feature or an option of the
device. These portions of the string can be converted into a
musical scale of notes, audible rendering, textual display, binary
output, and so forth. In this way the .TM. and/or Copyrighted
material is preferably also made directly available to humans, as
well to the communicating devices, for verifying the validity of
the devices prior to communication.
[0140] The present invention requires that a copy-cat firm
mis-represent trademark (and/or copyright) information in order to
achieve compatibility, incurring additional penalties and allowing
the affected company to seek expeditious remedy.
5 TASK TRACKING UPDATE METHODS
5.1 Background
[0141] Presently many software applications exist for tracking ones
tasks and associated work. The data can be shared and sent between
groups and the like.
5.2 Summary.
[0142] A method of providing addition task details in response to
how the user is updating their task related information. In the
prior art task information is shared, such as state of task
completion, yet it if often the case that the persons in charge of
these tasks are not diligently maintaining proper information about
the state of the task, what has transpired with the task and so
forth. The present invention comprehends this problem and provides
a method for maintaining information about the currency of task
information and providing notification to the parties of the need
to update the tasks. Action trees are adapted to determine how
tasks are handled should the originally responsible party not
properly perform the updates in response to a notification.
5.3 Detailed Description.
[0143] In a task tracking system, such as included in Microsoft
Outlook. The software is modified for determining IF the user is
keeping their task list updated, and generating notifications
thereof.
[0144] (1) If no changes to slips in prior N hours (i.e., 24
hours), then generate an email message to user. Continue with
escalated warnings to user. If no changes in a set period of
time>N (i.e., 4 days) then generate a warning email to the
supervisor of user to assure task list is being updated.
[0145] The changes may require that every task is updated. User in
one mode is required to view the status, similar to the required
viewing of a contract such as for a software package, and then the
user must at least mark that the status is the same. This at least
provides that the status is updated.
[0146] The above can be provided for all contact information as
well. Whenever used, then the status date updated, wherein one can
determine how recent the contact info is, or how recently the info
was still valid.
[0147] Implementation may be performed as additional code
instructions in any desired programming language (e.g., C++, Java,
Assembly language, Visual C, Visual Basic, and so forth),
preferably within existing task tracking applications.
6 PRINTED TAG SENSITIVE RFID TAG
6.1 References.
[0148] Incorporates these related copending application(s) by
reference:
[0149] Utility patent application including a description of
passive transponder enhancements that allow collection of sense
data within docket "Steer.sub.--02" Ser. No. 10/279,480 filed Oct.
23, 2002; and provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/346,753
filed Oct. 23, 2001.
6.2 Background
[0150] Presently RFID tags must be programmed prior to attachment
to a device. This makes it almost necessary that the RFIDs be
implemented by the manufacturer, as a retailer would have too many
different RFIDs to program and place on the packages.
6.3 Summary.
[0151] The present invention provides a new form of RFID tag that
can be directly applied over a portion of a universal product code
number (UPC), or similar, such as provided in a bar code form,
which determines the response generated by the RFID.
[0152] The RFID according to the invention is configured for
generating its challenge response based on the content of the UPC
code. In one embodiment the RFID tag is configured with a linear
array of electrodes which are placed for sensing the UPC pattern of
conductors or optical pattern.
6.4 Detailed Description.
[0153] 6.4.1 Self-Programming Intelligent RFID Tag.
[0154] The present invention describes a type of RFID tag that does
not need to be programmed for a specific product. This aspect of
the invention provides an RFID tag which is sensitive to a printed
tag coding proximal to it. For example, this new tag senses a
printed tag beneath it and adapts its product identification in
response thereto.
[0155] In one embodiment an RFID is placed over a printed container
wherein the output of the RFID is altered in response to the
underlying printing. By way of example a conductive pattern can be
printed on the container, such as in a grid of blocks, wherein the
RFID makes contact with the conductive patterns to establish the
ID, product code, characteristic, or other aspect, of the
communication. The area on the container is preferably marked for
aligning of the RFID. Other forms of patterns may be detected, such
as detecting optical characteristics of the printing (reflectivity,
color, etc.) or other characteristics (i.e. magnetism, inductance,
capacitance, resistivity, and so forth) In a preferred embodiment a
plate within the RFID interacts capacitively with somewhat
conductive (metallic) paints wherein the pattern beneath the RFID
can be sensed through the adhesive without the need of establishing
a conductive path.
[0156] FIG. 15 illustrates by way of example an embodiment 10 of a
self-programming RFID tag 12 according to the invention. Tag 12 is
preferably configured with an adhesive backing, (or other means of
attachment e.g., magnetic, electrostatic, and so forth) for
attachment over a printed indicia 14, with optional additional text
and graphics 16. In this embodiment indicia 14 is depicted as a bar
code which simplifies the electronics within the RFID tag. In one
mode of the invention the bar code (2D bar code, text, or other
machine readable format) is printed with conducting, or
semiconducting ink over a nonconductive backing 18. In addition it
will be appreciated that the coding can be in response to any
desired property of the underlying tags, such as optical,
electrical conduction, magnetism, capacitance, inductance, and so
forth.
[0157] FIG. 16 illustrates a schematic for self-programming RFID
tag 12 shown exemplified with a control circuit 26 which responds
to challenges received, such as through antenna 28 and interface
30. Power for the circuit is preferably stored from the challenge
and regulated by power circuit 32, with optional storage capacitor.
A memory 34 can be included for providing additional data,
operating instructions if the controller is microprogrammed or
similar. In addition memory 34 preferably contains a random seed
value (or other value(s) increasing the selectivity of response)
that can be used for determining communication backoffs in certain
reader configurations, wherein overlapping responses are prevented.
The receipt and responding to challenges can be implemented by any
convenient method, such as using generally conventional
circuits.
[0158] Tag 12 is configured with printed tag sensing inputs 22,
depicted as leads coupled into a parallel-to-serial converter and
sense circuit 24. By way of example and not limitation circuit 24
could comprise a multiplexer wherein inputs are alternated with
fixed voltage areas 25 (i.e., ground), allowing the pattern of
conductive and non-conductive regions to be readily sensed and
preferably converted to a serial string for use by control 26 when
generating a response.
[0159] In this way the present aspect of the invention provides an
RFID tag, which need not be programmed for the given product, and
can thus be attached over an existing UPC code for establishing the
fixed product value to be generated by the RFID in response to a
challenge. The tag can be reused as desired since it is not encoded
with any given response code.
[0160] 6.4.2 Tag Positioning Indication.
[0161] Tag 12 is shown optionally including positioning detection
and communication means. In this embodiment a positioning sensor is
incorporated such as in the form of optical sensor 36, tilt sensor
38, heat sensor 40, and/or buddy sensor 42. These sensors provide
additional data about how the RIFD tag is positioned on the tagged
unit.
[0162] For example optical sensor 36 (e.g., photoconductive
printing (i.e. amorphous Si) provides a material whose conductance
which changes in response to the ambient light, therein allowing
the reader to determine that the tag is in a location that is not
lit. A tilt sensor 38 can be created using MEMs beam switches,
polymeric circuit techniques, or the like for indicating in what
orientation the device is directed, and/or any shocks applied to
the device which can also be registered. These sensor
implementations are preferably of a very inexpensive nature, on the
order of or less than one cent, wherein their inclusion does not
significantly impact application. In addition a temperature sensor
40 can be included for registering problems with the stock
temperature and so forth.
[0163] A buddy sensor 42 is depicted whose implementation and
utility is not as readily discernable from the figure. The "buddy"
sensor is configured with a means for detecting the proximity and
preferably number of other RFID tags. According to one embodiment,
analog sensing is used for detecting low level signal response
patterns generated by nearby devices in responding to a challenge.
The controller then collects this data and can relay it within its
own response. In this way the reader can discern additional
information about unit positioning.
[0164] In one optional mode the control circuit is configured for
registering the output from other units, and optionally correlating
it with the associated challenge, wherein the reader can collect
from each device the specific units to which it is positioned
adjacent. It will be recognized that signal strength drops with the
square of distance wherein the unit is not swamped with registering
too many responder signals. This mode of the invention provides a
distributed sensing of positioning which can allow the reader to
actually render the position of the units in a three dimensional
space.
[0165] 6.4.3 Tag Releasing Option.
[0166] Tag 12 is shown including an optional automated RFID
releasing means 46 which generates releasing signals 44. In this
mode of the invention the device is configured for releasing
itself, tag 12, or releasing some other desired adhered element, in
response to receiving a proper challenge.
[0167] FIG. 17 illustrates a partial cross section of an automated
tag releasing RFID tag 70 configured for attachment to a surface
72. In this embodiment tag 70 comprises an adhesive layer 74 for
attaching to a surface, such as conventional adhesives and so
forth. A first conductive layer 76 overlies the adhesive and a
second conductive layer 80 is over the first layer. Portions of the
area between the first and second layer contains an
electroresponsive adhesive 78, such as ElectRelease.TM.. The
remaining layers 82 of the RFID tag including the electronics, such
as shown in FIG. 2, are attached to the second conductive layer 80
and have outputs, such as 44, coupled to the first and second
conductive layers 76, 80. In response to a selected challenge, by
itself or in combination with additional signals, conditions and
the like, the circuit generates a sufficient signal power on
outputs 44 to deactivate the bonding of epoxy layer 80, wherein the
tag releases, or can be released from, the packaging. This provides
an easily controlled means of allowing the consumer to remove tags
from products without compromising the security of the tag before
the item has been purchased. In this instance a challenge can be
issued with special control signals, high signal power, or in
combination with other signals, wherein the RFID detects that it
should release and in addition has stored sufficient power to
deactivate the electroresponsive adhesive layer in the tag.
[0168] As an alternative to the above, an embodiment can be
fabricated in which the signal for releasing the tag is not
processed by controller 26, but is instead registered by a separate
device which generates the release signal. In one embodiment of
this an photocell is on the surface of the portion of the device
generates power for releasing the tag in response to sufficient
light intensity, which is preferably of a correct optical frequency
(e.g., UV, IR and so forth) and which may be modulated according to
a desired pattern, so that the tag can not be readily removed by
patrons.
[0169] 6.4.4 Tag Composition as Polymeric Circuits.
[0170] In one preferred embodiment of the RFID tags the circuits
comprise polymeric material layers having embedded conductors and
semiconductors for fabricating the internal electronics at a very
low cost, such as by using inkjet printing technology. Circuits
have thus been proposed using these materials, eliminating the need
for lithographic steps, the use of single crystalline Si and other
costly aspects of conventional integrated circuit fabrication.
[0171] 6.4.5 Tag Programming Embodiment.
[0172] FIG. 18 illustrates another embodiment of the invention of a
tag programmer 90 is embodied having a housing 91 which
incorporates a bar code, or textual, reader means 92, such as a
scanned laser and optical sensor, coupled to a controller 94 having
outputs to a device being programmed 96. The system allows a
company employee to scan a bar code from the handle of the device
and then press a trigger 98 to program an RFID device and then to
eject that device 100 for attachment to a unit (i.e. package). In
this way unprogrammed RFIDs can be loaded into the device and
attached to units based on their printed bar codes. The device can
also be configured to collect additional information as desired,
such as the quantity of devices per RFID tag, in certain
applications, or other information which can be set by the user, or
read from a bar code or textual input. It can be seen that a series
of RFID tags are held in the device, preferably in a reel
configuration 102, wherein these RFIDs are sequentially brought
into electrical contact with programming connection 96 prior to
ejection. A carrier strip 104 is shown to which the RFID tags are
temporarily adhered which is taken up on a takeup spool 106 driven
by motor 108 controlled by uC 94.
[0173] It should be appreciated that although the above is
described as per a retail trade application it may be utilized in a
number of alternative ways without departing from the teachings of
the present invention.
6.5 Abstract of Description
[0174] An RFID tag having extended capability to generate a
response without being first programmed for a specific product, for
providing additional information, for automatically releasing from
a unit and so forth.
7 ENHANCED PIANO KEY SENSING
7.1 References.
[0175] Incorporates these related copending application(s) by
reference:
[0176] Utility patent application entitled "USLED--Universal
Sequential LED" within docket "DisplayRAST070103" Ser. No.
10/612,221 filed Jul. 1, 2003, and;
[0177] Provisional patent application Ser. No. 60/394,160 filed
Jul. 1, 2002.
7.2 Background
[0178] Presently a large number of sensor assemblies are required
within an electronic recording player piano for registering user
interaction. The present invention reduces the cost and simplifies
this circuitry.
7.3 Summary.
[0179] A sequential sensor strip is described which collects data
from the keys of the keyboard during user interaction. In contrast
to traditional sensors which must be individually addressed, these
sensors are configured to respond as a group thus simplifying
addressing being more readily installed on player pianos.
7.4 Detailed Description.
[0180] FIG. 19 depicts a sensor strip 10 having a single set of
power and signal connections 11 (i.e., Pwr+, Pwr-, Data, Clock, and
Reset) having a sequence of interconnected sensor elements 12 each
having a key velocity/force sensor 14 and control circuits. In one
implementation a series of 88 such sensor elements are located on
the strip, although it may be separated in strips of fewer sensors
as desired.
[0181] The strip may be fabricated from flexible printed circuit
materials upon which discrete devices are attached, or it may be
more preferably fabricated from polymeric conductor, semiconductor,
and insulator materials which are patterned to form the desired
simple circuits of the inventions.
[0182] FIG. 20 depicts an element 12 of this key activity sensing
strip having a sensor 14, such as a piezoelectric sensor which
generates an output in response to key velocity, such as at impact
or during travel. A peak detector 32 is shown for capturing the
maximum sensor output voltage. A monostable multivibrator 34 is
shown which is configured according to the invention with
additional logic. Upon receiving a first clock after reset the
monoshot generates a pulse whose duty cycle is determined by the
voltage on peak detector 32. At the completion of the cycle the
peak detector is reset with the capacitor voltage pulled to ground.
The active portion of the monoshot cycle drives a data line during
its portion of the sequence, such as by pulling a switch 40 coupled
to line 38 to ground, which is regularly pulled up. The monoshot
thus forms an analog to pulse width converter. The processor
receiving the stream can use a single digital input line for
registering the timing and thus the key velocity/force at each
sequential location.
[0183] One advantage of the pulse width output is that it can
assume a range of values, without the quantization errors of
traditional binary A/D converters, and is very easily implemented
with few components. At the end of the monoshot interval an output
clock is generated, such as through a buffer 36 which is connected
to the following stage. The monoshot then remains in an inactive
state until a reset signal is received, whereafter it will respond
to the first signal received.
[0184] In use the control processor coupled to the strip drops the
reset line, generates a first clock edge to the strip. The first
mono responds by generating a single pulse of a duty cycle
determined by the voltage on the peak detector which has registered
any hits within the preceding interval. The data line then changes
from high to a low going pulse of a duration determined by the
velocity of its associated key. The output from the end of the one
shot interval is input to the next stage which similarly converts
the peak voltage to a pulse. All the sequential units likewise
modulate the data line providing data to the controller. When all
data has been collected, such as from 88 keys, then the controller
generates a reset and another clock pulse to read the next cycle of
inputs.
[0185] It should be recognized that the controller preferably
stores offset values for each of these sensor elements based on the
pulse width received when the keys are not being struck.
[0186] It should be appreciated that the invention can be utilized
in a number of applications wherein a force, velocity, acceleration
is being sensed.
8 ZONED KEYS ON A PIANO KEYBOARD
8.1 Detailed Description.
[0187] The present invention describes instrument keyboard
implementations which provide enhanced sound control to the
musician by allowing the musician to control other aspect of
keyboard operation based upon the portion of the key being
struck.
[0188] This aspect of the invention can be implemented by modifying
the circuit shown above to include registering a position, such as
one of four portions of the key, and modulating the data line, or
other data lines, when the monoshot is activated. For example a
location can be readily encoded as two binary digits formed a fixed
distance time spacing from the monoshot output. It will be
appreciated that a number of implementations are possible as will
be understood by one of ordinary skill in the art.
[0189] Sensors on the top of the key allow registering the location
at which the key is being played, for example in a first or second
zone or within one of three zones. The use of the different zones
allows the artist to control effects without the need of additional
keyboards. For example, the musician can have a keyboard
synthesizer in which finger contact with the distal end of the key
results in playback according to a first synthesized instrument
output, while contact with a proximal portion results in a second
synthesized instrument output.
[0190] Additionally, another embodiment describes linear position
sensing in which the contact position is registered according to
one of many positions or a range of positions is detected. This can
allow the user to establish multiple personalities for the
instrument and further allow morphing between the multiple
personalities.
[0191] In one embodiment the key sensor is configured to allow the
musician to press the key to produce a first note and then to slide
their finger on the key to warp the note or otherwise change its
output characteristics in response to the finger position
changes.
[0192] A sensitive material overlay, such as piezoelectric, or
other alternative forms of contact pressure and/or position sensing
can be utilized with the present invention to register where and
how the key is being contacted. In a preferred embodiment the
contact sensing on the surface of the key does not take the place
of the key travel and key motion detection, which can be provided
conventionally, or by any desired means.
[0193] In a keyboard synthesizer, the software is preferably
configured to allow the user to select the voices for the keyboard,
and preferably the sections of the keyboard as well as determining
transitional modes of the keyboard which are controlled by finger
motions on the key. These can be preferably selected to control
trans-voice control (a movement between voices), extra-voice
control (additional voice blending), and voice modulation effects
(i.e. warbling, warping, reclocking statically, reclocking
ramp-down, and other sound effects and combinations applied to the
note).
9 AUDIO CONTENT SOURCE DYNAMIC RANGE SELECTION
9.1 Background
[0194] One of the difficulties with listening to any audio content
source is that the wide range of audio volumes during the piece,
show, program, or whatever, can require the user to be consistently
fiddling with the source volume to maintain comfort. No suitable
solutions to this dilemma have been found.
9.2 Summary.
[0195] An apparatus is described for controlling the audio output
of sources to maintain a comfortable listening level despite the
changes in audio drive outputs and the like.
9.3 Detailed Description.
[0196] The incorporation of a simple dynamic range control within
an audio device still requires that the user modulate the dynamic
range for a given volume setting, wherein they cannot just leave
the settings and enjoy each piece without adjustment.
[0197] It has not been fully appreciated in the industry that many
users want to minimize the need to fiddle with the adjustments
while being provided a consistent output. The industry often seems
to believe that every user has perfect hearing, in a perfect audio
environment, with perfect equipment, and is not doing anything else
but listening or watching and listening. In actual practice users
listening environments are very fluid and dynamic and the audio
source themselves can be very dynamic wherein it is difficult for
users to establish a comfortable listening situation which allows
them to still hear every portion, without being "blasted" by
portions of the content, disturbing other individuals and so forth.
Many persons, for example, have preferred listening to their old LP
records instead of newer CDs, and some believe the primary reason
for this is that the LPs were configured with a lower dynamic
range, wherein the user was better able to hear both the low volume
and high volume passages although the music is not reproduced as
accurately.
[0198] FIG. 21 illustrates a simple compander for preventing the
distortion from large inputs that would result in clipping of the
amplifier.
[0199] The compander circuit consists of two amplifier stages. The
gain of the first amp is variable and the gain of the second stage
is fixed. Some part of the output is rectified by the two diodes
and the DC voltage so developed is used to drive the 2N2222
transistor. This transistor will in turn vary the gain of the first
stage. This trick is the basis of the compression and expansion
process. Take a look at diode D1, the bias of this diode is
controlled by the 2N2222. When the output of the second stage is
low, the 2N2222 is not driven very hard and diode D1 becomes
back-biased. Current flows through the resistor that goes into the
non-inverting input of the first stage amplifier and its gain
increases. As the output of the fixed gain amp increases, the
2N2222 is driven harder and D1 becomes more forward-biased. Current
through the same resistor is diverted to ground instead of to the
OP-amp input. Its gain is therefore reduced.
[0200] The first stage uses a Quad amp but only one was used. The
rest of the remaining amp in the IC can be used according to user
desires. The 74C04 is a hex inverter digital IC. Three of the
inverting amps are wired in series and biased to work in their
linear range. The other three are unused. The input can be fed with
a medium to high impedance source, such as a microphones, although
conditioning circuits can be included to allow receiving any
source. This compander operates only when driven moderately hard,
it will not take care of setting a minimum volume level.
[0201] FIG. 22 illustrates one simple embodiment of a dual
compander-expander 30 which a dynamic range control which directed
to range between a maximum volume setting and a minimum volume
setting. The system and method can be utilized upon a variety of
audio systems. The method of companding the sound can be
implemented in a number of different ways and controlled between
the two settings (Min & Max) depending on the type of content,
selections from the user, and so forth. For example, the maximum
volume setting may operate as a threshold under which less than 5%
of content exceeds. Other settings can be established so that the
user gets a desired experience without the need to adjust each
element.
[0202] Circuit 30 illustrates an analog example having stereo
amplification from amps 32 34. The minimum and maximum levels are
set for both channels from a single channel. An first integrator 36
operates on a first channel for analyzing the sound determining how
it relates to the minimum threshold level, as set by input control
38 (or other means of selection). The output of integrator 36
modulates the transfer function of a gain control block 40, such as
in the feedback path of amplifier 32, as well as control block 46,
such as in the feedback path of amplifier 34. In this way gain is
increased for both channels when the minimum input signals are
below the threshold.
[0203] Similarly a high side stage is shown with integrator 42
whose level is set by input control 44. In response to inputs
exceeding the threshold the gain the decreased by gain stage 40, 46
is changed for amplifier 32, 34, wherein sound is contained in the
desired range. Compansion of the sound is preferably performed as a
smooth transition about the minimum or maximum threshold.
[0204] The preferred inclusion of an integrator means allows for
short portions of the audio content to temporarily exceed the
threshold, such as can arise with explosion sounds. Users are more
annoyed with sound levels that are maintained at too high a level,
or conversely maintained at too low of a level for their particular
sound system and ability to hear.
[0205] In a preferred embodiment the maximum and minimum volumes
levels control companding of the audio between the selected minimum
and maximum setting selected by the user. It will be appreciated
that users can opt to set the maximum or minimum to their full
extent at which no companding is performed.
[0206] In preferred embodiments the integrators or gain control
stages are further modulated in response to signals from a
processor based on a listening profile and/or characteristics of
the sound source which have been detected. Modulation circuits 50,
52 are shown coupled to the integrators. These are controlled by
analog or digital signals. In the embodiment shown a number of bits
(serially, or more preferably in parallel) are received by the
modulators from a microcontroller, microprocessor, DSP, neural net
chip, or other programmable element. Alternately, the entire
companding function (or any portion thereof can be performed
digitally.
[0207] By providing the additional companding control, the
compansion can be performed both according to desired user profiles
and in response to any characteristics detected in the audio
signals, such as by a separate DSP, information from a program
guide, longer term historical information, history of compansion
setting over recent time periods and so forth. In any regard the
compansion is modulated in response to the characteristics of the
audio source. For example the audio listening aspects of an
action-packed movie on a television set would generally be
different than what that same individual would want when listening
to an opera.
[0208] The use of DSP allows speech recognition algorithms to
detect the presence of speech to assure that it is properly
amplified so the user does not miss the audio track. The system can
also recognize sounds such as explosions, commercials, and the like
wherein the compansion is modulated in response. By adding a delay
stage before the amplifier, but not the detector, the circuit can
have additional time for determining the characteristics of the
incoming audio source. For example, spoken words recognized by the
system are subject to being amplified by the compander in a
different manner than other sounds. For example establishing a
higher threshold for dialogue than for noises and sounds. In this
way the dialogue is amplified sufficiently to assure the user hears
it, while noises and such having little actual content are
amplified less, or not at all.
[0209] In a very beneficial aspect of the invention the beginning
of the media is encoded with information about the volume of media
being reproduced. By way of example, a information about the
maximum, minimum, median, average volume, and so forth, can be
encoded to aid systems in establishing playback levels suitable to
the user. In another embodiment the media (DVD, CD, etc.) can be
encoded with pointers to the selected loud and soft passages,
wherein the user can manually adjust playback volume before
starting, based on these sections, or more preferably rely on
software in the player which adjusts the settings based on these
sections of the media being played. This data can be used in
conjunction with user settings to control companding of the audio
being processed.
10 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR COOLING EQUIPMENT
10.1 Detailed Description.
[0210] (1) Fans whose speed and/or structure is modulated for the
generation of desired sound effect, such as simulating natural
conditions such as blowing breezes. Although the invention can be
practiced in response to only changing fan speed, other changes can
be utilized to provide additional distinctiveness.
[0211] FIG. 23 illustrates embodiment 10 having fan 12 whose speed
is controlled by switch 14 (i.e., MOSFET, bipolar transistor, etc.)
operating in a pulse-width modulated (PWM) mode, analog mode, or as
a stepper motor, or an AC motor, or other selected speed control
mechanism. A control circuit 16 is shown, exemplified as a
microcontroller which modulates a signal to switch 14 in response
to an audio source, such as from a memory 20, an outside source 22,
or in response to ambient sounds, such as received from microphone
24, either directly or mixed with the other sources, such as by
mixer 26. One or more temp sensors 28 can be utilized for
determining the long term level of cooling that is necessary,
wherein the average cooling power provided is set to be sufficient
to prevent thermal overload, overheating, thermal runaway and so
forth. It will be appreciated that a form of companding can be
performed on the audio signal wherein the amplitude of the signal
for driving fan intensity is always at a level beyond what is
thermally needed to cool the device.
[0212] In another embodiment, the blade geometry can be changed,
such as using piezo materials which are flexed in response to a
voltage application. Furthermore the structure/geometry of the fan
housing may be changed, such as actuating structures which are
displaced in relation to the moving fan blade in order to modulate
sound output from the fan. The same circuit as shown may be
utilized however the actuators in the fan are controlled as an
alternative, or in addition, to controlling the speed of the fan.
In this way more variations in sound and characteristics can be
produced, while maintaining proper cooling.
[0213] In another embodiment cooling fluid pumps are utilized whose
speed is modulated to provide desired sound effects. In addition a
heat exchanger (i.e., radiator) can be configured to allow further
modulation of sound effects. In addition, fluid can be pumped
through visible chambers as well to provide an aesthetic appeal, in
particular if bubbles, or other elements are also generated or
mixed with the moving fluid.
11 CONCLUSION--INTERPRETATION OF SPECIFICATION
[0214] The aspects, modes, embodiments, variations, and features
described are considered beneficial to the embodiments described or
select applications or uses; but are illustrative of the invention
wherein they may be left off or substituted for without departing
from the scope of the invention. Preferred elements of the
invention may be referred to whose inclusion is generally optional,
limited to specific applications or embodiment, or with respect to
desired uses, results, cost factors and so forth which would be
known to one practicing said invention or variations thereof.
[0215] It should be appreciated that each aspect of the invention
may generally be practiced independently, or in combinations with
elements described herein or elsewhere depending on the application
and desired use. Modes may be utilized with the aspects described
or similar aspects of this or other devices and/or methods.
Embodiments exemplify the modes and aspects of the invention and
may include any number of variations and features which may be
practiced with the embodiment, separately or in various
combinations with other embodiments.
[0216] Although the description above contains many specificities,
these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the
invention but as merely providing illustrations of some of the
presently preferred embodiments of this invention. Thus the scope
of this invention should be determined by the appended claims and
their legal equivalents. Therefore, it will be appreciated that the
scope of the present invention fully encompasses other embodiments
which may become obvious to those skilled in the art, and that the
scope of the present invention is accordingly to be limited by
nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an
element in the singular is not intended to mean "one and only one"
unless explicitly so stated, but rather "one or more." All
structural, chemical, and functional equivalents to the elements of
the above-described preferred embodiment that are known to those of
ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by
reference and are intended to be encompassed by the present claims.
Moreover, it is not necessary for a device or method to address
each and every problem sought to be solved by the present
invention, for it to be encompassed by the present claims.
Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present
disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of
whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly
recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed
under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112, sixth paragraph, unless the
element is expressly recited using the phrase "means for."
* * * * *