U.S. patent application number 11/735645 was filed with the patent office on 2007-11-22 for hip and ridge shingle, method and apparatus for making, and method of using same.
This patent application is currently assigned to Atlas Roofing Corporation. Invention is credited to John Lytle, Robert Moore, Ed Todd.
Application Number | 20070266665 11/735645 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38710701 |
Filed Date | 2007-11-22 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070266665 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Todd; Ed ; et al. |
November 22, 2007 |
HIP AND RIDGE SHINGLE, METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING, AND METHOD
OF USING SAME
Abstract
A web of roofing material (20) is perforated for segmentation
into plural trapezoidal-shaped shingles (22). In view of the
perforation (24) of the web (20), the trapezoidal-shaped shingles
(22) are pre-configured for use as hip and ridge shingles
advantageously having edges pre-shaped to align upon installation
to present an essentially straight line of edges of contiguous
shingles. The hip and ridge shingles are detachable from the web at
the perforation to facilitate use of the shingles on a roofing
obliquity (40). A method of applying shingles to a roof includes
segmenting a pre-perforated web of roofing material into individual
shingles, positioning a first trapezoidal shaped shingle on the
roofing obliquity (40) so that the major parallel edge thereof is
bent across a bend line of the roofing obliquity and so that the
major parallel edge of the first trapezoidal shaped shingle serves
as a leading exposed edge of the shingle, affixing the first
trapezoidal shape shingle to the roof understructure, and using a
sealant strip (36) of the first shingle as a guide for positioning
a second shingle over the first shingle. A method of making the
roofing material comprises forming a covering material on a first
surface of a substrate; cutting the substrate into a web, the web
comprising plural trapezoidal shaped shingles; and, forming
perforations in the web to facilitate segmentation of the web into
the plural trapezoidal shaped shingles.
Inventors: |
Todd; Ed; (Atlanta, GA)
; Moore; Robert; (Marietta, TX) ; Lytle; John;
(Ardmore, OK) |
Correspondence
Address: |
NIXON & VANDERHYE, PC
901 NORTH GLEBE ROAD, 11TH FLOOR
ARLINGTON
VA
22203
US
|
Assignee: |
Atlas Roofing Corporation
Meridian
MS
|
Family ID: |
38710701 |
Appl. No.: |
11/735645 |
Filed: |
April 16, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60744976 |
Apr 17, 2006 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/518 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04D 2001/305 20130101;
E04D 2001/005 20130101; E04D 1/20 20130101; E04D 1/30 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/518 |
International
Class: |
E04D 1/30 20060101
E04D001/30 |
Claims
1. A web of roofing material perforated for segmentation into
plural trapezoidal-: shaped shingles.
2. The web of claim 1, wherein the web is perforated into three
shingles.
3. The web of claim 1, wherein each shingle has a major parallel
side and a minor parallel side and two non-parallel sides, the
major parallel side and the minor parallel side being parallel to
one another, the major parallel side having a length greater than
the minor parallel side.
4. The web of claim 2, wherein a length difference between the
major parallel side and the minor parallel side is in a range of
from one inch to three inches.
5. The web of claim 2, wherein two adjacent shingles are oriented
on the web whereby the major parallel side of a first shingle and
the minor parallel side of a second shingle are coterminous on a
first edge of the web, and wherein the minor parallel side of the
first shingle and the major parallel side of the second shingle are
coterminous on a second edge of the web.
6. The web of claim 5, wherein the major parallel side has a length
of 12.5 inch and the minor parallel side has a length of 10.5
inch.
7. The web of claim 1, wherein the web has two parallel web edges,
wherein a sealant strip is formed on the web to provide an
alignment guide.
8. The web of claim 7, wherein the sealant strip is formed parallel
to and midway between the two parallel web edges.
9. The web of claim 1, wherein the web has two parallel web edges,
and wherein a shadow line is formed on the web parallel to the two
parallel web edges.
10. A method of applying shingles to a roof comprising: segmenting
a pre-perforated web of roofing material into individual shingles,
each individual shingle having a trapezoidal shape, each individual
shingle having two parallel side edges including a major parallel
edge and a minor parallel edge, the major parallel side and the
minor parallel side being parallel to one another, the major
parallel side having a length greater than the minor parallel side,
each shingle having a sealant strip extending perpendicularly to
the parallel edges; positioning a first trapezoidal shaped shingle
on roof understructure at a roofing obliquity so that the major
parallel edge of the first trapezoidal shaped shingle serves as a
leading exposed edge of the first shingle; affixing the first
trapezoidal shape shingle to the roof understructure; using the
sealant strip of the first shingle as a guide for positioning a
second shingle over the first shingle, the second shingle being
positioned so that the major parallel edge serves as a leading
exposed edge of the second shingle, and whereby an exposed portion
of the second shingle overlies a butt portion of the first
shingle.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the step of affixing the first
trapezoidal shape shingle to the roof understructure comprises
affixing a butt portion of the first shingle to the minor parallel
edge of the first shingle.
12. The method of claim 10, further comprising positioning the
major parallel edge of the second shingle over the first shingle so
that the major parallel edge of the second shingle just covers the
sealing strip of the first shingle.
13. The method of claim 10, wherein the roofing obliquity is a roof
ridge.
14. The method of claim 10, wherein the roofing obliquity is a roof
hip.
15. The method of claim 10, wherein the roofing obliquity is a
ridge vent cap.
16. A method of making a roofing material comprising: forming a
covering material on a first surface of a substrate; cutting the
substrate into a web, the web comprising plural trapezoidal shaped
shingles; forming perforations in the web to facilitate
segmentation of the web into the plural trapezoidal shaped
shingles.
17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of forming the
covering material comprises forming a sealant strip on the
substrate.
18. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of forming the
covering material comprises forming a shadow line on the
substrate.
19. The method of claim 16, wherein the cutting and forming of the
perforations is controlled whereby each shingle has a major
parallel side and a minor parallel side and two non-parallel sides,
the major parallel side and the minor parallel side being parallel
to one another, the major parallel side having a length greater
than the minor parallel side.
20. A cutting head for producing webs of roofing material having
plural shingle in each web, the cutting head having a peripheral
surface configured to have plural axial regions configured to
operate upon a corresponding plurality of production lanes of webs,
each axial region of the peripheral surface comprising both cutting
elements and perforating elements, the cutting elements of a first
axial region being offset around a periphery of the peripheral
surface with respect to the cutting elements of an adjacent axial
region, and the perforating elements of a first axial region being
offset around a periphery of the peripheral surface with respect to
the perforating elements of an adjacent axial region.
Description
BACKGROUND
[0001] This application claims the priority and benefit of U.S.
Provisional Patent Application 60/744,976, filed Apr. 17, 2006,
which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention pertains to roofing materials and
methods of applying and making roofing materials, particularly
roofing materials suitable for application to a non-planar roof
surface such as a roof ridge or roof hip.
RELATED ART AND OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
[0003] Roofing shingles are some of the most prevalent forms of
roofing materials. Shingle production typically involves feeding a
substrate into a production line. In the production line, hot
asphalt is applied to the substrate. Granules are deposited and
embedded into the substrate. The granules which are embedded into
what will be, upon installation, an exposed portion of the
substrate, are often called "finish" granules. Typically less
colorful or less esthetically appealing granules are embedded into
an un-exposed or "butt" portion of the substrate. The granule laden
substrate is then cut to a package length, e.g. into a package
unit. For many general purpose shingles the package unit has a
number of tabs on its lower or exposed surface, e.g. three tabs;
which are separated by slots, as illustrated in FIG. 35.
[0004] Roofing shingles, when applied to a sloping roof, are
positioned with a leading or lower edge (the granule-laden portion)
exposed. The butt portion of the shingle (typically not having
finish granules) is nailed down and overlaid with the exposed
portion of another shingle, typically offset, as illustrated in
FIG. 36.
[0005] The finish granules deposited on the exposed portion of the
substrate are typically selected to have a texture and/or color to
provide a desired visual appearance to the roof. In addition, some
models of shingles such as that illustrated in FIG. 37 have a dark
band of granules deposited on the rear of the exposed portion in a
"shadow line", which provides somewhat of a three-dimensional
appearance to the shingle upon installation.
[0006] Most shingles are of a regular type which are applied to an
essentially planar roof surface, e.g., nailed to an underlayment of
a sloping roof surface. However, non-planar intersections of roof
surfaces such as ridges and hips, can also be covered by shingles.
Thus, some shingles are formed of a size to wrap around an
intersection of planar roof surfaces, e.g., to wrap around a roof
ridge or roof hip. Such shingles, often called "hip and ridge"
shingles, are, upon installation, bent or wrapped in non-planar
fashion around the roof line, e.g., around the roof ridge or roof
hip.
[0007] Examples of prior art hip and ridge shingles are described
in the following United States patents (all of which are
incorporated herein by reference): U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,471,801;
5,365,711; and 6,895,724. The former teaches a shingle sheet,
formed separately (e.g., pre-cut) and independently of other
shingles, having a peculiarly tapered shape, which is folded to
give an appearance similar to a wood shake or slate roof.
[0008] Some types of hip and ridge shingles are also formed by
deposition of granules onto an exposed portion of a substrate in a
manner similar to the production line already described. For such
hip and ridge shingles, the substrate can be cut into package units
or webs, which are perforated as shown in FIG. 38 so that the web
can be separated at the construction site into plural shingles of
the hip and ridge type. The plural shingles comprising the web of
FIG. 38 have a substantially rectangular shape.
[0009] Hip and ridge shingles are generally applied in a direction
parallel to the roof ridge or hip bend. For covering a roof ridge,
for example, the shingling begins at an end of the ridge which is
opposite the direction of the prevailing wind. For this end of
ridge, a first shingle (such as one of the three rectangular
shingle pieces of the web of FIG. 38), is cut to form a smaller
rectangular shim. The rectangular shim is approximately half the
size of a usual shingle from the web of FIG. 38. The ridge shim is
nailed down to the underlayment so that it straddles the two
intersecting roof surfaces. This shim forms an end-most shingle,
and is represented entirely in phantom lines in FIG. 39.
Subsequently, a first full shingle of the web of FIG. 38, having
been separated from its package unit and then manually trimmed or
tailored at the construction site, has its butt section nailed down
so that the first full shingle has a first end substantially
aligned with the end of the ridge and entirely covering the shim.
Then, a second full hip and ridge shingle, also having been
separated from its package unit and manually trimmed or tailored at
the construction site, has its exposed portion laid over the butt
portion of the first full shingle, and the butt portion of the
second full hip and ridge shingle is nailed down to the
underlayment. Further full hip and ridge shingles are applied in
similar manner, with the second and consecutive full shingles being
trimmed or tailored on site.
[0010] One reason the first and consecutive full hip and ridge
shingles are trimmed or tailored is understood from the simplified
illustration of FIG. 39. Upon positioning of a full hip and ridge
shingle on the roof ridge, part of the full shingle overlies its
predecessor. But part of the full hip and ridge shingle does not
overlie its predecessor (but instead will be covered by its
successor), resulting in an inclined placement of the shingle. If
the first and subsequent full shingles did not have their edges
trimmed, an edge of part of the full shingle that does not overlie
its predecessor would not be situated at the exact same altitude as
an edge of part of the full shingle that does overlie its
predecessor, giving a tilt to each shingle as seen from the side of
the roof. In view of the tilted positioning of each of the second
and successive shingles, the shingles as assembled on the roof
would result in a jagged or uneven appearance of a line formed by
their lower edges, as illustrated by line L of FIG. 39. For this
reason, prior to installation, the hip and ridge shingles are
trimmed as indicated by broken line T in FIG. 39 and in FIG. 40, in
a rough or crude effort to provide a straight or even lower edge
line for the hip and ridge shingles.
[0011] The trimming of hip and ridge shingles, in order to avoid
the jagged lower edge profile, necessitates manual effort and
attempted precision at the construction site, and also results in
waste of roofing material. Further, the scrap trimmings must be
collected and disposed, requiring further extraneous effort.
[0012] What is needed, therefore, and an object of the present
invention, is a labor-saving and visually acceptable hip and ridge
shingle, as well as methods of installing and fabricating the
same.
BRIEF SUMMARY
[0013] A web of roofing material is perforated for segmentation
into plural trapezoidal-shaped shingles. In view of the perforation
of the web, the trapezoidal-shaped shingles are pre-configured for
use preferably as hip and ridge shingles advantageously having
edges pre-shaped to align upon installation to provide a visual
appearance of an essentially straight line of edges of contiguous
shingles. The hip and ridge shingles are detachable from the web at
the perforation to facilitate use of the shingles on a roofing
obliquity, e.g., on roofing structure that has an (inverted or
upright) V-shape. The roofing obliquity can be formed (for example)
by an intersection of two planes of roofing surfaces such as occurs
at an intersection of roofing underlayment at a roof ridge or roof
hip, or by a ridge vent cap.
[0014] In an example embodiment, the web is preferably perforated
into three shingles, each shingle having a major parallel side and
a minor parallel side and two non-parallel sides. The major
parallel side and the minor parallel side are parallel to one
another; the major parallel side has a length greater than the
minor parallel side. A length difference between the major parallel
side and the minor parallel side is in a range of from one inch to
three inches. Other embodiments having a greater or lesser numbers
of plural perforated shingles.
[0015] Two adjacent shingles are oriented on the web whereby the
major parallel side of a first shingle and the minor parallel side
of a second shingle are coterminous on a first edge of the web, and
whereby the minor parallel side of the first shingle and the major
parallel side of the second shingle are coterminous on a second
edge of the web.
[0016] In an example embodiment, the major parallel side has a
length of 12.5 inch, the minor parallel side has a length of 10.5
inch, and the non-parallel sides have an approximate length of 12
3/64 inch (e.g., about 12.042 inch). In such example embodiment, a
shingle of the web has an interior angle of between the major
parallel side and the non-parallel side of approximately 86 degrees
(e.g., 85.25 degrees).
[0017] In an example embodiment, a sealant strip is formed on the
web to provide an alignment guide. Preferably the sealant strip is
formed parallel to and midway between the two parallel web
edges.
[0018] In another example embodiment, a shadow line is formed on
the web parallel to the two parallel web edges.
[0019] Another aspect of the technology concerns a method of
applying shingles to a roof, without the need of cutting shingles
on the job site. The method includes segmenting a pre-perforated
web of roofing material into individual shingles. Each individual
shingle has a trapezoidal shape having two parallel side edges and
a sealant strip extending parallel to and preferably midway between
the parallel edges. The two parallel side edges include a major
parallel edge and a minor parallel edge. The major parallel side
and the minor parallel side are parallel to one another. The major
parallel side has a length greater than the minor parallel
side.
[0020] The method of applying full-sized shingles further involves
positioning a first full-sized trapezoidal shaped shingle on the
roofing obliquity so that the major parallel edge thereof is bent
across a bend line of the roofing obliquity and so that the major
parallel edge of the first full-sized trapezoidal shaped shingle
serves as a leading exposed edge of the shingle. The first
full-sized trapezoidal shape shingle is then affixed to the roof
understructure. The leading edge of the sealant strip of the first
full-sized trapezoidal shingle is then used as a guide for
positioning a second full-sized trapezoidal shingle over the first
full-sized trapezoidal shingle. In particular, the second
full-sized trapezoidal shingle is positioned so that the major
parallel edge serves as a leading exposed edge of the second
full-sized trapezoidal shingle, thereby leaving an exposed portion
of the second full-sized trapezoidal shingle to overlie a butt
portion of the first full-sized trapezoidal shingle.
[0021] In an example mode of performing the method of applying
trapezoidal shingles, the method further comprises positioning the
major parallel edge of the second full-sized trapezoidal shingle
over the first full-sized trapezoidal shingle so that the major
parallel edge of the second full-sized trapezoidal shingle just
covers the entire sealing strip of the first full-sized trapezoidal
shingle.
[0022] In differing modes of performing the shingle application
method, the roofing obliquity can be a roof ridge, a roof hip, or a
ridge vent cap.
[0023] Another aspect of the technology concerns a method of making
a roofing material. The method of making the roofing material
comprises forming a covering material on a first surface of a
substrate; cutting the substrate into a web, the web comprising
plural trapezoidal shaped shingles; and, forming perforations in
the web to facilitate segmentation of the web into the plural
trapezoidal shaped shingles. As one example mode of the method, the
step of forming the covering material optionally comprises forming
a sealant strip on the substrate. As one example mode of the
method, the step of forming the covering material comprises forming
a shadow line on the substrate.
[0024] Another aspect of the technology concerns a cutting head for
producing webs of roofing material having plural shingles in each
web. The cutting head has a peripheral surface configured to have
plural axial regions configured to operate upon a corresponding
plurality of production lanes of webs. Each axial region of the
peripheral surface comprises both cutting elements and perforating
elements. The cutting elements of a first axial region are offset
around a periphery of the peripheral surface with respect to the
cutting elements of an adjacent axial region, and the perforating
elements of a first axial region are offset around a periphery of
the peripheral surface with respect to the perforating elements of
an adjacent axial region. Preferably the amount of the offset is
essentially equal to width of a shingle.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] The foregoing and other objects, features, and advantages of
the invention will be apparent from the following more particular
description of preferred embodiments as illustrated in the
accompanying drawings in which reference characters refer to the
same parts throughout the various views. The drawings are not
necessarily to scale, emphasis instead being placed upon
illustrating the principles of the invention.
[0026] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a web of roofing material
according to an example embodiment.
[0027] FIG. 2 is a top view of the web of roofing material of FIG.
1.
[0028] FIG. 3 is a front view of the web of roofing material of
FIG. 1.
[0029] FIG. 4 is a rear view of the web of roofing material of FIG.
1.
[0030] FIG. 5 is a right side view of the web of roofing material
of FIG. 1 (which is identical to a left side view).
[0031] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a web of roofing material
according to another example embodiment.
[0032] FIG. 7 is a top view of the web of roofing material of FIG.
6.
[0033] FIG. 8 is a front view of the web of roofing material of
FIG. 6.
[0034] FIG. 9 is a rear view of the web of roofing material of FIG.
6.
[0035] FIG. 10 is a right side view of the web of roofing material
of FIG. 6 (which is identical to a left side view).
[0036] FIG. 11A-FIG. 11D are diagrammatic views showing an
installation method for installing shingles.
[0037] FIG. 12A is a side view of a portion of a roof having
shingles of a first example embodiment installed thereupon, the
roof portion having a roof ridge for a non-planar roofing
surface.
[0038] FIG. 12B is a side view of a portion of a roof having
shingles of a first example embodiment installed thereupon, the
roof portion having a roof hip for a non-planar roofing
surface.
[0039] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a web of roofing material
according to another example embodiment.
[0040] FIG. 14 is a top view of the web of roofing material of FIG.
13.
[0041] FIG. 15 is a front view of the web of roofing material of
FIG. 13.
[0042] FIG. 16 is a rear view of the web of roofing material of
FIG. 13.
[0043] FIG. 17 is a right side view of the web of roofing material
of FIG. 13 (which is identical to a left side view).
[0044] FIG. 18 is a side view of a portion of a roof having
shingles of a third example embodiment installed thereupon.
[0045] FIG. 19 is a side view of a portion of a roof having
shingles installed over a ridge vent of the roof.
[0046] FIG. 20 is a cross-sectioned end view of FIG. 19 taken along
line 20-20.
[0047] FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a web of roofing material
according to another example embodiment.
[0048] FIG. 22 is a top view of the web of roofing material of FIG.
21.
[0049] FIG. 23 is a front view of the web of roofing material of
FIG. 21.
[0050] FIG. 24 is a rear view of the web of roofing material of
FIG. 21.
[0051] FIG. 25 is a right side view of the web of roofing material
of FIG. 21 (which is identical to a left side view).
[0052] FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a web of roofing material
according to another example embodiment.
[0053] FIG. 27 is a top view of the web of roofing material of FIG.
26.
[0054] FIG. 28 is a front view of the web of roofing material of
FIG. 26.
[0055] FIG. 29 is a rear view of the web of roofing material of
FIG. 26.
[0056] FIG. 30 is a right side view of the web of roofing material
of FIG. 26 (which is identical to a left side view).
[0057] FIG. 31 is a perspective view showing a packing arrangement
for shingles.
[0058] FIG. 32 is as flowchart showing basic, representative steps
included in a method of making shingles.
[0059] FIG. 33 is a diagrammatic view of apparatus included in an
example embodiment of a production line for producing shingles
according to an example embodiment.
[0060] FIG. 34 is both a diagrammatic top view of a web of roofing
material at a cutter station of the production line of FIG. 33 and
a diagrammatic view of a rolled out surface of a cutter tool used
at the cutter station of the production line of FIG. 33.
[0061] FIG. 35 is a plan view of a conventional general purpose
roofing shingle.
[0062] FIG. 36 is a plan view showing a manner of installation of
two convention shingles of FIG. 35.
[0063] FIG. 37 is a plan view of a conventional general purpose
roofing shingle having a shadow line.
[0064] FIG. 38 is a plan view of a conventional package unit and
separated into plural rectangular hip and ridge shingles.
[0065] FIG. 39 is a side view of a portion of a roof illustrating
appearances after installation of untrimmed hip and ridge shingles
of the type of FIG. 38.
[0066] FIG. 40 is a plan view showing a manner of on-site trim for
the hip and ridge shingles separated from the package unit of FIG.
38.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0067] In the following description, for purposes of explanation
and not limitation, specific details are set forth such as
particular architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to
provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However,
it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present
invention may be practiced in other embodiments that depart from
these specific details. In other instances, detailed descriptions
of well-known devices and methods are omitted so as not to obscure
the description of the present invention with unnecessary
detail.
[0068] FIG. 1-FIG. 5 illustrate a web of roofing material 20
according to a first example embodiment. The web of roofing
material 20 comprises a substrate which is perforated for eventual
segmentation into plural trapezoidal-shaped shingles 22. For
example, in the first embodiment, the web of roofing material 20
comprises three shingles 22(1), 22(2) and 22(3) which are
delineated by perforations 24. Each shingle 22 has a major parallel
side 30 and a minor parallel side 32, as well as two non-parallel
sides 34. The major parallel side 30 and the minor parallel side 32
are parallel to one another; the major parallel side 30 has a
length greater than the minor parallel side 32.
[0069] Two adjacent shingles are oriented on the web so that the
major parallel side of a first shingle and the minor parallel side
of a second shingle are coterminous on a first edge of the web, and
whereby the minor parallel side of the first shingle and the major
parallel side of the second shingle are coterminous on a second
edge of the web. For example, FIG. 2 shows that, on a first edge of
web 20, major parallel side 30 of shingle 22(1) is coterminous with
minor parallel side 32 of shingle 22(2) (as well as conterminous
with major parallel side 30 of shingle 22(3)), and that (on a
second edge of web 20) the minor parallel side 32 of the shingle
22(1) and the major parallel side 30 of the second shingle 22(2)
[as well as the minor parallel side 32 of the shingle 22(3)] are
coterminous.
[0070] In one specific example embodiment, the major parallel side
30 of a shingle 22 has a length of 12.5 inch, and the minor
parallel side 32 has a length of 10.5 inch. The distance between
all parallel sides is twelve inches. The non-parallel sides have a
length of about 12 3/64 inch, e.g., about 12.042 inch. In such
example embodiment, a shingle of the web has an interior angle of
between the major parallel side and the non-parallel side of
approximately 86 degrees (e.g., 85.25 degrees). Thus, in this
specific example embodiment, a length difference between the major
parallel side 30 and the minor parallel side 32 is in a range of
from one inch to three inches, and is preferably two inches. The
measurements of the example specific embodiment of FIG. 1-FIG. 5
can also be utilized for other embodiments of three-shingle webs
described herein, but are not obligatory for any embodiments.
[0071] FIG. 6-FIG. 11 illustrate a second example embodiment of a
web of roofing material 20(6) bearing shingles 22(6-1), shingles
22(6-2), and shingles 22(6-3) (collectively or generically referred
to as shingle(s) 22(6)). The web of roofing material 20(6) differs
from the web of roofing material 20 of FIG. 1 in that the web of
roofing material 20(6) has a sealing strip 36 applied on a top
surface thereof. The sealing strip 36 extends, either continuously
or discontinuously, along the length of web 20(6). Preferably, the
sealing strip 36 extends along a midline of each shingle 22(6),
i.e., a midline which is equidistant between major parallel side 30
and minor parallel side 32. Thus, in the specific example
previously discussed in which specific dimensions were supplied,
the sealing strip 36 is distanced six inches from major parallel
side 30 and six inches from minor parallel side 32. Thus, the
sealing strip 36 is situated differently from conventional shingles
(which have their conventional sealing strip spaced five and
five-eights inch from a leading edge of the exposed portion of the
shingle).
[0072] The sealing strip 36 serves for adhering a superposed
shingle to the top of the shingle 22 which bears the sealing strip
36. In the illustrated embodiment, the sealing strip 36 is shown as
a series of adhesive zones. It will be appreciated that, in other
variations of the second example embodiment, the sealing strip 36
can instead be a continuous strip.
[0073] In the example embodiment of FIG. 6-FIG. 11, the sealing
strip 36 of shingle 22(6) divides each shingle 22(6) into a butt
portion and an exposed portion. The butt portion extends between
the sealing strip 36 and the minor parallel side 32; the exposed
portion extends between sealing strip 36 and major parallel side
30.
[0074] Web 20 of the embodiment of FIG. 1 and web 20(6) of the
embodiment of FIG. 6 are just the first two example embodiments of
webs described herein. For sake of simplification, unless otherwise
indicated by the context, general reference to web 20 can refer to
or encompass all embodiments of webs described herein or embraced
hereby. Similarly, reference unless otherwise indicated by the
context, general reference to shingle(s) 22 can refer to or
encompass all embodiments of shingles described herein or embraced
hereby.
[0075] In any of the embodiments herein described, at its
perforations 24 the web of roofing material 20 can be segmented
(prior to or just before installation) into its plural constituent
trapezoidal-shaped shingles 22. The trapezoidal shingles are
detachable from the web at the perforation(s) to facilitate use of
the trapezoidal shingles on a roofing obliquity, e.g., on roofing
structure that has an (inverted or upright) V-shape. The roofing
obliquity can be formed (for example) by an intersection of two
planes of roofing surfaces such as occurs at an intersection of
roofing underlayment at a roof ridge or roof hip, or by a vented
ridge cap. Accordingly, the trapezoidal shingles of the type
described herein have particularly beneficial application, but not
necessarily exclusive application, as "hip and ridge" shingles
(e.g., can be used as hip shingles or ridge shingles, or both).
[0076] FIG. 11A-FIG. 11D shows example, basic steps of installing
the trapezoidal shingles 22(6) of the second embodiment on a
roofing obliquity. The illustrated steps assume that, at an
appropriate time before use of each shingle, of the web of roofing
material 20 is segmented into its constituent trapezoidal shingles
22(6). As a first step, a first trapezoidal shingle is cut in the
manner depicted by FIG. 11A to form a shim 22(6-A). FIG. 11A shows
22(6-A) in solid lines, and shows (removed) portions of the
trapezoidal shingle from which shim 22(6-A) was cut in broken lines
(showing the broken lines merely to illustrate how shim 22(6-A) was
formed). FIG. 11A further shows, as part of the first step, shim
22(6-A) positioned on the roof over (e.g., straddling) the roofing
obliquity 40, with the major parallel side 30 being essentially
flush and parallel to a roof edge 42. When the roofing obliquity 40
is a roof ridge, roof edge 42 is perpendicular to a line formed by
an intersection of surfaces forming the roofing obliquity 40, and
is preferably an edge of the roof that faces the opposite direction
of the prevailing wind. The shim 22(6-A) is folded about a shingle
centerline 44 (which bisects its major parallel side 30 and minor
parallel side 32) over the surface intersection 40. Further,
fasteners (illustrated as roofing nails 46) are driven through shim
22(6-A) into an underlayment of the roof. Underlayment materials
can include, e.g., Oriented Strand Board (OSB), Plywood, or solid
wood boards for example.
[0077] After the shim 22(6-A) is affixed on the roof, a first
full-sized trapezoidal shingle 22(6-B) is laid over shim 22(6-A) in
the manner illustrated in FIG. 11B. As used herein, the term
"full-sized trapezoidal shingle" is employed to distinguish the
shingles from the shim. Unless specifically stated to be a shim,
all references to "shingles" hereinafter are to the full-sized
trapezoidal shingles such as those described in the various
embodiments hereof. The first full shingle 22(6-B) is positioned on
the roof over (e.g., straddling) the roofing obliquity 40, with the
major parallel side 30 being essentially aligned and thus flush and
parallel to roof edge 42. As such, the first full-sized trapezoidal
shingle 22(6-B) essentially completely overlies shim 22(6-A). The
shim 22(6-A) serves, e.g., to provide the full-sized trapezoidal
shingle 22(6-B) with a cocked or angled orientation on the roof
ridge.
[0078] After the first full-sized trapezoidal shingle 22(6-B) is
affixed on the roof, a second full-sized trapezoidal shingle
22(6-C) is laid over the first full-sized trapezoidal shingle
22(6-B) in the manner illustrated in FIG. 11C. The second
full-sized trapezoidal shingle 22(6-C) is, like its predecessor
shingle 22(6-B), positioned on the roof over (e.g., straddling) the
roofing obliquity 40, with the major parallel side 30 being
essentially aligned and thus flush and parallel to sealing strip 36
of shingle 22(6-B), In other words, the leading edge of the sealing
strip 36 of the predecessor shingle 22(6-B) is used as a guide for
positioning the successor shingle 22(6-C). Specifically, the major
parallel side 30 of shingle 22(6-C) is aligned with the leading
edge of the sealing strip 36 of shingle 22(6-B), as shown in FIG.
11C. As with its predecessor shingle, shingle 22(6-C) is folded
about its shingle centerline 44 over roofing obliquity 40 (e.g.,
the ridge or hip). After alignment of shingle 22(6-C) with the
leading edge of the sealing strip 36 in this manner, roofing nails
46 are driven through a butt portion of shingle 22(6-C).
[0079] FIG. 12A illustrates positioning of shim 22(6-A) shingles
such as shingle 22(6-B) and shingle 22(6-C) on a roof 50(12) in the
manner of FIG. 11A-FIG. 11C, and particularly the case in which the
roofing obliquity 40 is a roof ridge. In view of its trapezoidal
shape, the non-parallel side 34 of shingle 22(6-B) extends
essentially parallel to the horizontal roof lower edge 52. The
leading or exposed portion of shingle 22(6-B) covers shim 22(6-A).
As such, the major parallel side 30 of shingle 22(6-B) is slightly
elevated or inclined above the horizontal ridge which forms the
roofing obliquity 40(12A) in FIG. 12A. The butt portion of shingle
22(6-B) does not overlie shim 22(6-A), and thus at its centerline
lies essentially flush with the horizontal roof ridge 40(12A). In
view of the inclination (depicted by inclination angle 54 in FIG.
12A) of shingle 22(6-B) relative to the horizontal roof ridge
40(12A), together with the trapezoidal shape of shingle 22(6-B),
the non-parallel sides 34 of shingle 22(6-B) have a relatively
straight appearance also as seen from the side of the roof (see
FIG. 12A).
[0080] FIG. 11D illustrates application of yet another shingle,
i.e., shingle 22(6-D) over the butt end of shingle 22(6-C). FIG.
12A shows that the plural shingles are thus affixed on roof 50(12A)
in a manner whereby their contiguous non-parallel sides 34 are
essentially linear, as illustrated by horizontal line 56. The
successor shingles are similarly situated with an inclination, and
yet in view of their trapezoidal shape their sides 34 afford the
same relatively straight appearance, so that the sides 34 of
contiguous shingles appear as an essentially straight line 56 (or
extension thereof) as shown in FIG. 12A
[0081] The provision of the trapezoidal shaped shingles thus
facilitates a linear, relatively smooth and visually appealing,
horizontal roof line 56 as formed by the non-parallel sides 34 of
the shingles 22. The shingles 22 do not form a ragged or non-linear
line as would occur if the shingles 22 were parallelograms.
Moreover, the prior art cutting or trimming of shingle edges is
obviated by the trapezoidal shingles 22, thereby expediting roof
installation and reducing scrap and waste.
[0082] FIG. 12A illustrates the application of hip and ridge
shingles as described herein, such as shim 22(6-A), shingle
22(6-B), shingle 22(6-C), and shingle 22(6-D) to a roofing
obliquity which is a roof ridge 40(12A). By contrast, FIG. 12B
illustrates the application of trapezoidal hip and ridge shingles
as described herein to a roofing obliquity which is a roof hip
40(12B). Essentially the same steps as described above with respect
to FIG. 11A, FIG. 11B, FIG. 11C, and FIG. 11D are applicable for
applying the shingles to the roof hip, a major difference being
that the shim 22(6-A) and first full sized trapezoidal shingle
22(6-B) are applied at a lowest elevation, the full sized
trapezoidal shingle 22(6-B) being applied to overlap shim 22(6-A),
a second full sized trapezoidal shingle 22(6-C) is applied to
overlap the first full sized trapezoidal shingle 22(6-B) in the
manner of FIG. 11C, and successive shingles are applied in
overlapping fashion as understood from FIG. 11D.
[0083] Thus, after usage of a shim at the end of the roofing
obliquity, a method of applying shingles involves positioning a
first (full-sized) trapezoidal shaped shingle 22(6-B) on a roof
understructure across a roofing obliquity. The roof understucture
may be roof underlayment, or a ridge vent cap. When the shingle is
to be applied to a roofing ridge, the first shingle is positioned
so that the major parallel edge 30 serves as a leading exposed edge
of the shingle. The first trapezoidal shape shingle 22(6-B) is then
affixed to the roof understructure. The leading edge of the sealant
strip 36 of the first shingle 22(6-B) is then used as a guide for
positioning a second shingle 22(6-C) over the first shingle
22(6-B). In particular, the second shingle 22(6-C) is positioned so
that the major parallel edge 30 serves as a leading exposed edge of
the second shingle, thereby leaving an exposed portion of the
second shingle 22(6-C) to overlie a butt portion of the first
shingle 22(6-B).
[0084] In an example mode of performing the method of applying
shingles, the method further comprises positioning the second
shingle 22(6-B) across the roofing obliquity, with the major
parallel edge 30 of the second shingle 22(6-B) being positioned
over the first shingle 22(6-A) so that the major parallel edge 30
of the second shingle 22(6-B) just covers the sealing strip of the
first shingle 22(6-A). Further shingles are applied successively in
like manner along a line of the roofing obliquity, opposite the
direction of the prevailing winds common to the area.
[0085] FIG. 13-FIG. 17 illustrate a third embodiment of a web of
roofing material 20(13). In addition to having a sealing strip 36,
the web of roofing material 20(13) has a shadow line 60 formed on
its top surface.
[0086] Like sealing strip 36, shadow line 60 extends, either
continuously or discontinuously, along the length of web of roofing
material 20(13). Preferably, shadow line 60 extends along a midline
of shingle 22(13), i.e., along a midline which is equidistant
between major parallel side 30 and minor parallel side 32. Thus, in
the specific example previously discussed in which specific
dimensions were supplied, the center of shadow line 60 is distanced
six inches from major parallel side 30 and six inches from minor
parallel side 32. The shadow line 60 serves to provide an enhanced
(e.g., three-dimensional) appearance to the shingles of the web
20(13). As such, shadow line 60 has a width which is greater than
the width of sealing strip 36. The width of shadow line 60 is
selected or determined by the particular visual effect sought to be
created by shadow line 60. In the specific dimensional embodiment
previously discussed, the shadow line 60 has a width of
approximately two and one-half inches. The color and/or texture of
shadow line 60 typically depends on the color and/or texture of the
shadow line borne by the other shingles, e.g., field shingles, of
the roof. The person in the art knows how to configure or provide
such shadow lines (with reference to one or more of the following
as non-exhaustive examples: U.S. Pat. D309,027; U.S. Pat. No.
4,295,445; U.S. Pat. No. 4,352,837; U.S. Pat. D417,513; U.S. Pat.
D313278; U.S. Pat. D417,016; U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,807; and, U.S.
Pat. No. 5,347,785).
[0087] FIG. 18 illustrates a roof 50(18) having ridge shingles
bearing shadow line 60. Whereas the shadow line of other shingles
on the roof 50(18) have a horizontal attitude, the shadow lines 60
of the ridge shingles 22 have a vertical attitude (e.g., are
essentially orthogonal to the horizon), thereby providing a
distinctive visual effect.
[0088] Roof 50(12A), roof 50(12B), and roof 50(18) illustrate ridge
shingles applied to underlayment of the roof. In other words, in
the preceding embodiments the roof understructure comprises roof
underlayment. Yet the embodiments of ridge and hip shingles herein
described can also be applied over a ridge vent cap 70, as
illustrated in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20. In FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, the
ridge vent cap 70 thus serves as the roof understructure and the
roofing obliquity. The ridge vent cap 70 surmounts a ridge vent 72,
which is a space formed at a truncated apex of inclined roof
underlayment surfaces 74. As shown in FIG. 19, the positioning of
the shingles 22 results in the non-parallel sides 34 of the
shingles 22(19-1), 22(19-2), . . . , having the same type of
linear, smooth horizontal line 56(19) as previously described, the
horizontal line 56(19) being essentially flush with a lower
horizontal edge of ridge vent cap 70.
[0089] Although the foregoing embodiments of the webs of roofing
material happened to show each web as comprising three shingles, it
should be understood that in other embodiments the web can comprise
any number of plural shingles. For example, FIG. 21-FIG. 25 show a
fourth example embodiment of web 20(21) of roofing material having
two trapezoidal shaped shingles 22 formed thereon. As another
example, FIG. 26-FIG. 30 show a fifth example embodiment of web
20(26) of roofing material having four trapezoidal shaped shingles
22 formed thereon. Other plural numbers of trapezoidal-shaped
shingles may be formed on webs of other embodiments, such as five
or six shingles, and so on.
[0090] FIG. 31 shows a packing arrangement for plural webs 20(1),
20(2), 20(3), . . . 20(n), where "n" is an integral number of webs.
As shown in FIG. 31, the webs 20 have their major parallel sides 30
aligned with one another on one side of a packing stack, and their
minor parallel sides 32 aligned with one another on another side of
the packing stack. In other words, the top surface of a lower web
is covered by a back or bottom surface of the web stacked thereupon
(e.g., the webs have their top surfaces all facing in the same
direction).
[0091] Another aspect of the technology concerns a method of making
a roofing material, e.g., making the webs described herein. Basic,
representative, non-limiting example steps are illustrated by way
of flowchart in FIG. 32. As step S-1 of FIG. 32, a covering
material is formed on a first surface of a substrate. Step S-2
involves cutting the substrate into a web (the web sized and
configured to comprise plural trapezoidal shaped shingles). Step
S-3 involves forming perforations 24 in the web to facilitate
segmentation of the web into the plural trapezoidal shaped
shingles.
[0092] As one example variation mode of the method, the step of
forming the covering material (Step S-1) optionally comprises
forming a sealant strip 36 on the substrate. As another example
mode of the method, the step (Step S-1) of forming the covering
material comprises forming a shadow line on the substrate. In one
example, mode, the cutting of the substrate into a web and the
forming of perforations can occur essentially simultaneously, e.g.,
at a same processing station.
[0093] FIG. 33 shows apparatus included in an example embodiment of
a production line for producing shingles according to an example
embodiment.
[0094] The production line 80 comprises plural stations arranged
along a direction 82 of conveyance. Substrate supply station 84 is
located at the head of production line 80, and (in the illustrated
example embodiment) comprises apparatus for mounting and feeding
substrate materials. For example, the substrate material can be
supplied in a roll which is mounted and unwound at supply station
84. The substrate material can be any suitable shingle substrate
material, such as glass filler mat (as a non-exhaustive and
non-limiting example).
[0095] The substrate material fed from supply station 84 is
conveyed to adhesive coating station 86. At adhesive coating
station 86, an adhesive material is applied both to the top surface
and bottom surface of the substrate. The adhesive applied at
adhesive coating station 86 can be, for example, asphalt (heated,
e.g., to about 450.degree. F.). The application apparatus of
adhesive coating station 86 can be a suitable apparatus, such as a
coater roller for coating the bottom surface of the substrate and
any appropriate mechanism for discharge of adhesive onto the top
surface of the substrate (such as, for example, gravity feed, or
coating roller).
[0096] The substrate, now coated with (preferably hot) asphalt
adhesive, is next conveyed to adhesive coating station 88. At
coating station 88, granules are applied to the top surface of the
substrate (while the asphalt adhesive is hot). The coating station
88 may be configured so that finish granules are applied to some
portions of the substrate and non-finish granules applied
elsewhere. The application mechanism for granule application is not
limited to any particular structure, and can include gravity drop
feeders or other well known discharge mechanisms.
[0097] The color and texture of the granules applied at adhesive
coating station 86 can be chosen and/or controlled to provide any
desired visual effect. If the shingles are to have uniform color,
hoppers for the granule feeders are loaded with granules of each
color. On the other hand, if the shingle is to have granules of
different colors, the granule feeders are accordingly loaded with
granules of two or more colors. Moreover, if the shingles are to
bear a shadow line, distinctive (preferably dark) granules are
discharged (either continuously or discontinuously) at adhesive
coating station 86 so as to form a shadow line on the substrate
(such as shadow line 70 herein before described).
[0098] After deposition of granules at asphalt adhesive coating
station 86, the substrate is conveyed to adhesive coating station
90. At press roll station 90, the granules applied at adhesive
coating station 86 are gently pressed in to the hot adhesive for
embedding the granules into the substrate. Thereafter, the
substrate is cooled at cooling station 92. The cooling station 92
may (as shown in FIG. 33) be an extended covering or section having
length closer to afford sufficient cooling time. Alternatively,
cooling station 92 can comprise cooling apparatus, such as cooling
blower(s), for example.
[0099] After the substrate is cooled, the substrate is conveyed to
cutting station 94. The cutting station 94 comprises one or more
cutting heads 96 which contact and cut from the bottom side of the
substrate. Cutting from the bottom of the substrate does not dull
the cutting head to the extent as would cutting the granule-laden
top surface of the substrate. The cutting performed at cutting
station 94 includes cutting of the substrate into the
aforementioned webs (e.g., by cutting along the non-parallel web
edges 34). In addition, the cutting act performed at cutting
station 94 can including making the perforations 24.
[0100] Moreover, in some situation, the substrate as supplied by
supply station 84 can have a width suitable for fabricating plural
webs. That is, plural lanes of webs can extend perpendicular to the
direction 82 of conveyance. For example, the substrate may have a
width suitable for forming three or more lanes abreast. In the case
of multiple lanes, the substrate can be cut at cutting station 94
into the appropriate number of parallel lanes, forming webs in each
lane.
[0101] As mentioned above, some embodiments of shingles bear a
sealant strip such as sealant strip 36. For embodiments so
configured, the sealant strip 36 is applied at sealant station 98.
In an example embodiment, the sealant strip 36 comprises a
(continuous or interrupted) line of specially formulated adhesives.
The sealant adhesive is preferably of a type that stays soft and is
activated for forming a seal at a low ambient temperature, such as
a temperature reached on a hot day after the shingle has been
affixed or applied to a roof. The sealant strip 36, when applied,
is preferably applied at a suitable temperature, e.g., 350.degree.
F.
[0102] The shingle will ultimately be stacked (e.g., in the manner
of FIG. 31) and packaged, so that adjacent stacked shingles will
not seal to one another, a release strip is applied (at release
strip station 100) for an underside or bottom of each web. The
release strip is positioned or aligned to insulate the web from the
sealant strip 36 borne by an adjacent shingle upon which this
shingle will be stacked.
[0103] After a web traveling in a lane has housed the foregoing
station, the web is conveyed to stacking station 102 wherein a
predetermined number of consecutive webs are stacked vertically,
e.g., in the manner of FIG. 31, into a package. After stacking, the
package comprising stacked webs is enveloped or wrapped with a
suitable packaging material at wrapping station 104. After being
wrapped, the package can be discharged to a pallet at a palletizer
station 106, or otherwise routed or handled in preparation for
shipping.
[0104] In the production line 80 of FIG. 33, conveyance in
direction 82 can be either continuous or stopped (e.g., indexed).
Conveyor apparatus for transporting the substrate, and coated
mechanism, therefore, are of a type known to the person skilled in
the art.
[0105] A cutting station, such as cutting station 94 of production
line 80 of FIG. 33, is thus instrumental in forming the webs which
are segmentable into trapezoidal-shaped hip or ridge shingles.
Cutting head(s) at the cutting station 94 can both cut the
substrate into webs, and perforate the webs into the
trapezoidal-shaped shingles. An example of a cutting and
perforation pattern achieved for a three lane production line is
shown in FIG. 34. The webs of FIG. 34 resemble those of FIG. 2,
with perforation 24 of each web serving for segmenting the web into
trapezoidal-shaped shingles.
[0106] Not only does FIG. 34 show the pattern of cutting for a
three lane production line, but FIG. 34 further illustrates a
cut-and-rolled out view of a peripheral surface of a cutting head
configured to achieve such pattern. The cut-and-rolled out view of
the peripheral surface of the cutting head of FIG. 34 shows three
hundred sixty degrees of the cutting head peripheral surface along
the vertical edges of FIG. 34.
[0107] It will be appreciated that the peripheral surface of the
cutting head of FIG. 34 has three axial regions corresponding to
the three lanes of production, the three axial regions being
delineated by solid, straight vertical lines shown in FIG. 34. The
first or leftmost axial region of FIG. 34 corresponds to and makes
cuts and perforations for a first production lane; the central
axial region of FIG. 34 corresponds to and makes cuts and
perforations for a second or central production lane; the third or
right most axial region of FIG. 34 corresponds to and makes cuts
and perforations for a third production lane. For each production
lane or axial region the cutting head has both cutting elements and
perforating elements. The cutting elements are shown by solid
semi-vertical lines; the perforating elements are shown by broken
(or dotted) semi-horizontal lines. The cutting elements and the
perforating elements can be similar elements, but with the
perforating elements having a lesser penetration potential or
cutting actuation into a substrate, so that (rather than forming a
clean cut or separation), a perforation is instead formed.
[0108] The solid semi-horizontal lines depicting the cutting
elements and the broken (or dotted) semi-horizontal lines depicting
the perforating elements are slightly angled with respect to the
axis of the cutting head, and assume the respective positions of
web edges and perforations 24 as discussed previously with respect
to various trapezoidal-shaped shingle embodiments. Moreover, it
will be appreciated that the web and shingle measurements
previously described for the shingles themselves are applicable to
the positions of the cutting elements and perforating elements. For
example, considering the shingle 22 of FIG. 1, the distances along
the vertical lines between the semi-horizontal lines are either
12.5 inch or 10.5 inch, depending upon whether the distance
corresponds to a major parallel side or a minor parallel side of
the web being processed. For such example embodiment shingle, the
distances between production lanes (e.g., between the vertical
lines of FIG. 34) is twelve inches.
[0109] In the illustrated embodiment of the cutting head as shown
in FIG. 34, each axial region of the peripheral surface of the
cutting head is configured to cut/perforate two webs 20 during one
revolution of the cutting head. However, the peripheral surface of
the cutting head is configured so that the cutting elements and
perforation elements of adjacent axial regions are offset.
Preferably the elements of one axial region are offset by one
shingle width relative to a corresponding element of a next or
adjacent axial region. For example, as shown in FIG. 34, the
cutting element shown as the lowest of the first axial region is
followed later or displaced one shingle width from a cutting
element for the central axial region, which in turn is followed
later or displaced one shingle width from a cutting element for the
third axial region.
[0110] Advantages afforded by webs, shingles, and methods
aforedescribed include the following:
[0111] A hip and/or ridge shingle is made in a simple trapezoid
shape, and thus is designed to eliminate virtually all jobsite
trimming and/or hand fabrication.
[0112] The hip and ridge shingle according to one or more
embodiments as described herein or encompassed hereby can be made
using SBS modified asphalt for ease of handling and long term
weatherability (a hip and ridge shingle made from SBS modified
asphalt enhances the long term granule retention of the installed
product).
[0113] The hip and ridge shingle according to one or more
embodiments as described herein or encompassed hereby can include a
sealant strip used to bond to the subsequent single as applied
across the hip or ridge areas of the roof.
[0114] The hip and ridge shingle according to one or more
embodiments as described herein or encompassed hereby rely on the
sealant strip to also provide an effective alignment guide for
subsequently applied hip and ridge shingles as they are applied
across the roof hip or ridge.
[0115] The trapezoid shape of the hip and ridge shingle can
eliminate waste of manufactured materials and subsequent disposal
into landfills. The trapezoid shape can create more efficient
manufacturing processes by reducing the overall amount of asphalt
based material being shipped to jobsites.
[0116] The hip and ridge shingle according to one or more
embodiments as described herein or encompassed hereby can reduce
the amount of asphalt needed to complete roofing system
installations.
[0117] The hip and ridge shingle according to one or more
embodiments as described herein or encompassed hereby increases a
weather exposure dimension, thereby increasing coverage per
installed shingle, using fewer pieces to complete the job, as
compared to commonly used flat, square or rectangular hip and ridge
shingles.
[0118] The weather exposure for a commercial standard product can
be 55/8'' per shingle installed, to match common sized "metric"
architectural design field shingles.
[0119] In one or more example embodiments, a contrasting shadow
line can be incorporated in to the colored granule application
during the manufacturing process to enhance, e.g., the esthetics of
the finished job. The contrasting shadow line can create the
illusion of having greater dimensional characteristics than
standard flat hip and ridge shingles commonly used. Moreover, this
contrasting shadow line can be designed to match the corresponding
field shingles as manufactured by various manufacturers, for
example, this contrasting shadow line can be separately designed to
correspond to field shingles as manufactured by various asphalt
shingle manufacturers, creating somewhat universal application for
this hip and ridge shingle.
[0120] The exact dimensions can be calibrated to the needs of
specific field shingles as needed. The exact dimensions of the
shingle can be verified to fulfill the capabilities of various
types of manufacturing equipment, as needed.
[0121] This shingle can be made with standard type manufacturing
equipment.
[0122] The hip and ridge shingle according to one or more
embodiments as described herein or encompassed hereby can
facilitate the use of existing packaging equipment and materials
with no major modification.
[0123] Standard length fasteners can be used to secure these hip
and ridge shingles to the roof-extra length, extra cost, fasteners
are not required as with other "high profile" type hip and ridge
shingles.
[0124] Although various embodiments have been shown and described
in detail, there is no limitation to any particular embodiment or
example. None of the above description should be read as implying
that any particular element, step, range, or function is essential
such that it must be included. It is to be understood that the
invention is not to be limited to the disclosed embodiment, but on
the contrary, is intended to cover various modifications and
equivalent arrangements.
* * * * *