U.S. patent application number 11/697739 was filed with the patent office on 2007-11-15 for self-contained modular heater.
This patent application is currently assigned to OMNITHERM, INC.. Invention is credited to Douglas W. Fugate, John T. III Johnson, W. James Masters, W. Jason Masters, Edwin E. Wilson.
Application Number | 20070261823 11/697739 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 46327685 |
Filed Date | 2007-11-15 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070261823 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Masters; W. James ; et
al. |
November 15, 2007 |
Self-Contained Modular Heater
Abstract
The present invention provides a system, method and apparatus
for heating a fluid without a flame. The modular heater (apparatus)
that includes an enclosure, a dynamic heat generator disposed
within the enclosure, an electric motor disposed within the
enclosure, a first fluid connector attached to the enclosure, a
second fluid connector attached to the enclosure and an electrical
connector attached to the enclosure. The electric motor drives the
dynamic heat generator to heat the fluid to a specified temperature
without a flame. The first fluid connector connects the dynamic
heat generator to a fluid source. The second fluid connector
connects the dynamic heat generator to a fluid storage. The
electrical connector connects the electric motor to a power
source.
Inventors: |
Masters; W. James; (Trophy
Club, TX) ; Fugate; Douglas W.; (Flower Mound,
TX) ; Wilson; Edwin E.; (Grand Prairie, TX) ;
Johnson; John T. III; (Arlington, TX) ; Masters; W.
Jason; (Grapevine, TX) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CHALKER FLORES, LLP
2711 LBJ FRWY
Suite 1036
DALLAS
TX
75234
US
|
Assignee: |
OMNITHERM, INC.
1120 South Freeway Suite 123
Fort Worth
TX
76104
|
Family ID: |
46327685 |
Appl. No.: |
11/697739 |
Filed: |
April 8, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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11398828 |
Apr 5, 2006 |
|
|
|
11697739 |
Apr 8, 2007 |
|
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|
60668541 |
Apr 5, 2005 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
165/110 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F28D 20/0034 20130101;
F24D 17/00 20130101; F24D 2200/26 20130101; F24D 17/0073 20130101;
F28D 21/0003 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
165/110 |
International
Class: |
F28B 1/00 20060101
F28B001/00 |
Claims
1. A method for heating a fluid without a flame comprising the
steps of: providing a power source for an electric motor disposed
within a modular heater; pumping the fluid to a dynamic heat
generator disposed within the modular heater; heating the fluid to
a specified temperature without the flame using the dynamic heat
generator driven by the electric motor; and providing the heated
fluid to an output.
2. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of
substantially removing solids from the fluid.
3. The method as recited in claim 2, wherein the step of
substantially removing solids from the fluid is performed with one
or more filters, one or more screens, a hydrocyclone or a
combination thereof.
4. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of
pre-heating the fluid before the fluid is heated by the dynamic
heat generator.
5. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of
filtering the fluid before the fluid is heated by the dynamic heat
generator.
6. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the steps
of: monitoring a temperature of the fluid; turning the electric
motor on whenever the temperature is below a minimum temperature;
and turning the electric motor off whenever the temperature is
above a maximum temperature.
7. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the specified
temperature is a range of temperatures between a minimum
temperature and a maximum temperature, or is greater than or equal
to 212 degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than a temperature
required to kill pathogens within the fluid, or is greater than or
equal to 250 degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than or equal to 300
degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than or equal to a temperature
required to desalinate saltwater, or is greater than or equal to a
temperature required to melt paraffin, is greater than or equal to
a temperature required to create steam, or is greater than or equal
to a temperature required to preheat an engine, or is greater than
or equal to a temperature required to heat a crew area of a
vehicle, or is greater than or equal to a temperature required to
heat a cargo area of a vehicle.
8. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step of
controlling the specified temperature by adjusting a flow rate of
the fluid through the dynamic heat generator.
9. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the electric motor is
a variable speed motor and further comprising the step of
controlling the specified temperature by varying a speed of the
variable speed motor.
10. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step
of using the heated fluid to produce electricity, provide radiant
heat, provide drinking water, melt paraffin in an oil well, produce
steam, produce steam to reform a petroleum fuel to produce hydrogen
for use in a fuel cell, preheat an engine, heat a crew area of a
vehicle, or heat a cargo area of a vehicle.
11. The method as recited in claim 1, further comprising the step
of storing or circulating the heated fluid.
12. The method as recited in claim 1, wherein the modular heater
comprises: an enclosure having the dynamic heat generator and the
electric motor disposed therein; a first fluid connector attached
to the enclosure to connect the dynamic heat generator to a fluid
source; a second fluid connector attached to the enclosure to
connect the dynamic heat generator to the output; and an electrical
connector attached to the enclosure to connect the electric motor
to a power source.
13. A system for heating a fluid to at least a specified
temperature without a flame comprising: a modular heater comprising
a dynamic heat generator driven by an electric motor disposed
within an enclosure wherein the dynamic heat generator is driven by
the electric motor to heat the fluid to a least the specified
temperature without a flame; a power source electrically connected
to the electric motor; and a pump connected to the dynamic heat
generator.
14. The system as recited in claim 13, wherein the specified
temperature is a range of temperatures between a minimum
temperature and a maximum temperature, or is greater than or equal
to 212 degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than a temperature
required to kill pathogens within the fluid, or is greater than or
equal to 250 degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than or equal to 300
degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than or equal to a temperature
required to desalinate saltwater, or is greater than or equal to a
temperature required to melt paraffin, is greater than or equal to
a temperature required to create steam, or is greater than or equal
to a temperature required to preheat an engine, or is greater than
or equal to a temperature required to heat a crew area of a
vehicle, or is greater than or equal to a temperature required to
heat a cargo area of a vehicle.
15. The system as recited in claim 13, wherein the pump is
connected to a fluid source.
16. The system as recited in claim 13, further comprising: one or
more heat exchangers connected to the pump and the dynamic heat
generator such that the heated fluid from the dynamic heat
generator is provided to an output and is used to pre-heat the
fluid from the pump before the fluid is heated by the dynamic heat
generator; and first filter connected between the pump and the one
or more heat exchangers or a second filter connected between the
one or more heat exchangers and the output.
17. The system as recited in claim 16, wherein the first and second
filters comprise one or more carbon-based filters, one or more
sand-based filters, one or more screens or a combination
thereof.
18. The system as recited in claim 16, further comprising a solids
separator connected between the pump and the one or more heat
exchangers.
19. The system as recited in claim 18, wherein the solids separator
comprises one or more filters, one or more screens, a hydrocyclone
or a combination thereof.
20. The system as recited in claim 18, further comprising a second
pump connected between the solids separator and the one or more
heat exchangers.
21. The system as recited in claim 16, further comprising a second
heat exchanger connected between the pump and the dynamic heat
generator to transfer heat from a prime mover to the fluid before
the fluid is heated by the dynamic heat generator.
22. The system as recited in claim 13, wherein the heated fluid is
used to produce electricity, provide radiant heat, provide drinking
water, melt paraffin in an oil well, produce steam, produce steam
to reform a petroleum fuel to produce hydrogen for use in a fuel
cell, preheat an engine, heat a crew area of a vehicle, or heat a
cargo area of a vehicle.
23. The system as recited in claim 13, wherein the system is
portable.
24. The system as recited in claim 13, wherein the dynamic heat
generator comprises: a stationary housing having an input, an
output, and a first set of radial vanes within the stationary
housing; and a rotor disposed within the stationary housing having
a second set of radial vanes.
25. The system as recited in claim 13, wherein the modular heater
comprises: an enclosure having the dynamic heat generator and the
electric motor disposed therein; a first fluid connector attached
to the enclosure to connect the dynamic heat generator to the pump;
a second fluid connector attached to the enclosure to connect the
dynamic heat generator to an output; and an electrical connector
attached to the enclosure to connect the electric motor to the
power source.
26. A modular heater comprising: an enclosure; a dynamic heat
generator disposed within the enclosure to heat a fluid to a
specified temperature without a flame; an electric motor disposed
within the enclosure to drive the dynamic heat generator; a first
fluid connector attached to the enclosure to connect the dynamic
heat generator to a fluid source; a second fluid connector attached
to the enclosure to connect the dynamic heat generator to a fluid
storage; and an electrical connector attached to the enclosure to
connect the electric motor to a power source.
27. The modular heater as recited in claim 26, wherein the power
source and the electrical connector are disposed with the
enclosure.
28. The modular heater as recited in claim 26, further comprising a
pump disposed within the enclosure and connected between the first
fluid connector and the dynamic heat generator.
29. The modular heater as recited in claim 26, wherein the first
fluid connector, the second fluid connector and the electrical
connector comprise a quick-connect system.
30. The modular heater as recited in claim 26, further comprising a
controller electrically connected to the electric motor and
disposed within or attached to the enclosure.
31. The modular heater as recited in claim 26, wherein the
specified temperature is a range of temperatures between a minimum
temperature and a maximum temperature, or is greater than or equal
to 212 degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than a temperature
required to kill pathogens within the fluid, or is greater than or
equal to 250 degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than or equal to 300
degrees Fahrenheit, or is greater than or equal to a temperature
required to desalinate saltwater, or is greater than or equal to a
temperature required to melt paraffin, is greater than or equal to
a temperature required to create steam, or is greater than or equal
to a temperature required to preheat an engine, or is greater than
or equal to a temperature required to heat a crew area of a
vehicle, or is greater than or equal to a temperature required to
heat a cargo area of a vehicle.
32. The modular heater as recited in claim 26, wherein the heated
fluid is used to produce electricity, provide radiant heat, provide
drinking water, melt paraffin in an oil well, produce steam,
produce steam to reform a petroleum fuel to produce hydrogen for
use in a fuel cell, preheat an engine, heat a crew area of a
vehicle, or heat a cargo area of a vehicle.
33. The modular heater as recited in claim 26, wherein the modular
heater is portable.
34. The modular heater as recited in claim 26, wherein the dynamic
heat generator comprises: a stationary housing having an input, an
output, and a first set of radial vanes within the stationary
housing; and a rotor disposed within the stationary housing having
a second set of radial vanes.
Description
PRIORITY CLAIM
[0001] This patent application is a continuation-in-part
application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/398,828 filed on
Apr. 5, 2006 and entitled "System and Method for Producing Hot
Water Without a Flame" which is a non-provisional application of
U.S. provisional patent application 60/668,541 filed on Apr. 5,
2005 and entitled "Flameless Hot Water System and Method," all of
which are hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to the field of
heating liquids and, more particularly, to a self-contained modular
heater to purify water, heat liquids or provide auxiliary heat for
vehicles.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] One of the most pressing needs throughout the world is
drinkable water. An untold number of humans die every year because
the water they consume is contaminated. In some areas, people are
forced to spend a great deal of time manually hauling water from a
distant source to their homes and villages rather than taking the
risk of drinking untested water that might be nearby.
[0004] There are many methods of purifying water. One of the most
common is reverse osmosis (RO). This process has been around for a
long time, but it has its drawbacks. Although RO systems can be
inexpensive, there is an ongoing maintenance requirement of filter
replacement. Filters in RO systems can become clogged and/or
damaged by constant exposure to the water source being purified.
Cost and availability of replacement filters and the skill level to
perform this maintenance requirement can present a problem.
[0005] Another method of water purification includes adding
chemicals to the water to kill pathogens. Generally, chemical
applications are used for situations where small amounts of water
need purification. Although effective when the proper
concentrations of chemicals are used, it is difficult to always
measure the proper amounts. In addition, this system of
purification does not address problems with heavy metals that may
be present in water.
[0006] Boiling water is another way of killing pathogens in water.
Unfortunately, in many parts of the world where contaminated water
is a major problem, the availability of materials to heat water,
such as wood, does not exist.
[0007] In particular areas or industries, hot water and/or steam
may be needed, but it may be critical that no open flames be used
to heat the water. One such industry is the oil field service
industry. In many geographical regions oil reservoirs are found to
contain high concentrations of paraffin, a waxy crystalline
hydrocarbon. This substance, while commercially useful in the
manufacture of coatings, sealants, candles, rubber compounding,
pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, can present a problem with regard to
the production of oil. Paraffin suspended in the crude oil tends to
clog perforations in the oil well's production string and slows the
flow of crude oil to the surface.
[0008] Several technologies have been in use for many years to
minimize the detrimental effects of paraffin. Among these is
injecting hot water, steam or chemical solvents into the well to
clean out the wells perforations by liquefying the paraffin either
by heating it above its melting point or chemically changing its
composition. While effective, all of these have their
shortcomings.
[0009] When the hot water method is employed, water must be
transported to the well site then heated in a LPG or diesel fired
boiler mounted either on a truck chassis or trailer. Availability
of water at the well site is a common problem, and unsafe
conditions exist when an open flame, like those used to heat water
or crude in the boiler tanks, is positioned near the wellhead where
there may be a high concentration of natural gas in the
atmosphere.
[0010] The steam method usually entails the building of a power
plant utilizing the field's natural gas to produce electricity and
piping the waste steam to various wellheads for injection. While
this eliminates the open flame close to the wellhead, it can
involve a large capital expenditure that may become economically
viable only when there is a large concentration of wells in a
relatively small area. Piping steam to isolated outlying wells is
sometimes not viable because too much heat may be lost before the
steam gets to the wells. This may cause only distilled water to be
delivered to the wellhead.
[0011] The chemical solvent method locates a container of solvent
near the wellhead, and then injects it down hole with each stroke
of the well's pumping unit. While this method eliminates open
flames near the wellhead and does not require large capital
expenditures, it does add substantial cost to the operation. The
chemicals are expensive, costs associated with the transportation
and handling of hazardous chemicals is expensive, and the addition
of these chemicals to the crude oil makes the refining process more
expensive.
[0012] Under normal ambient conditions, an engine's rejected heat
is sufficient to maintain vehicle, engine, crew and cargo
temperatures. However, defense and specialized commercial vehicles
must operate in temperatures ranging from +150.degree. F. to
-50.degree. F. in Arctic regions. In cold weather environments such
as these, difficulties arise when starting diesel engines and
maintaining suitable engine, crew and cargo temperatures. Past and
present heating methods include gasoline and diesel fired, portable
(swing fire), as well as fixed crew and engine block heaters. Fuel
fired heaters suffer from high maintenance, short operating life,
high fuel consumption, corrosion, fire hazard, bulk high
temperature signature, noxious exhaust, noise and are often
difficult to start, particularly when operated on diesel fuel.
Engine starting aids including glow plugs and ether injectors can
improve starting performance but they are unnecessary when engines
are adequately preheated.
[0013] Modern engines are increasing efficient and converting fuel
into power and reducing exhaust emissions. With this improved
efficiency, engines reject less heat through their water jackets
and are increasingly subject to poor performance at low
temperatures. In the oilfield, this exhibits itself in clouds of
smoke, consisting of unburned fuel particles due to inadequate fuel
combustion. As a result, there exists a need for a compact,
lightweight, fast acting, efficient vehicle heater that does not
require separate fuel or air for combustion or that generate
additional exhaust to preheat and maintain engine, crew and cargo
temperature in cold weather.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0014] One embodiment of the present invention provides a compact,
lightweight, fast acting, efficient vehicle heater that does not
require separate fuel or air for combustion or that generate
additional exhaust to preheat and maintain engine, crew and cargo
temperature in cold weather. The modular heater of the present
invention maintains adequate coolant temperatures under ambient
temperatures conditions where the engine's rejected heat is
insufficient to maintain the engine's proper operating temperature
and allows the engines to operate at normal operating temperatures
at all times, even in the Arctic conditions. The present invention
can be used in many applications in some of the harshest climates
in the world where the heaters are required to be operated around
the clock either mechanically, electrically and hydraulically where
no adjustments are a must and no maintenance is a requirement. In
addition, the modular heater of the present invention can be used
to heat fluid to produce electricity, provide radiant heat, provide
drinking water, melt paraffin in an oil well, produce steam or
produce steam to reform a petroleum fuel to produce hydrogen for
use in a fuel cell.
[0015] More specifically, the present invention provides a method
for heating a fluid without a flame by providing a power source for
an electric motor disposed within a modular heater, pumping the
fluid to a dynamic heat generator disposed within the modular
heater, heating the fluid to a specified temperature without the
flame using the dynamic heat generator driven by the electric motor
and providing the heated fluid to an output.
[0016] In addition, the present invention provides a system for
heating a fluid to at least a specified temperature without a
flame. The system includes a modular heater, a power source
electrically connected to an electric motor and a pump connected to
a dynamic heat generator. The modular heater includes the dynamic
heat generator driven by the electric motor disposed within an
enclosure. The dynamic heat generator is driven by the electric
motor to heat the fluid to a least the specified temperature
without a flame.
[0017] Moreover, the present invention provides a modular heater
that includes an enclosure, a dynamic heat generator disposed
within the enclosure, an electric motor disposed within the
enclosure, a first fluid connector attached to the enclosure, a
second fluid connector attached to the enclosure and an electrical
connector attached to the enclosure. The electric motor drives the
dynamic heat generator to heat the fluid to a specified temperature
without a flame. The first fluid connector connects the dynamic
heat generator to a fluid source. The second fluid connector
connects the dynamic heat generator to a fluid storage. The
electrical connector connects the electric motor to a power
source.
[0018] Other technical advantages will be readily apparent to one
skilled in the art from the following figures, descriptions and
claims. Moreover, while specific advantages have been enumerated
above, various embodiments may include all, some or none of the
enumerated advantages.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0019] The above and further advantages of the invention may be
better understood by referring to the following description in
conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
[0020] FIG. 1 illustrates a flameless hot water system for killing
pathogens and other contaminants, in accordance with a particular
embodiment;
[0021] FIG. 2 illustrates a flameless hot water system for the
distillation of salt water, in accordance with a particular
embodiment
[0022] FIG. 3 illustrates a portable flameless hot water system for
on site treatment of paraffin clogging used in the oil field
service industry, in accordance with a particular embodiment;
[0023] FIG. 4 illustrates a permanent on site flameless hot water
system for paraffin clogging used in the oil field service
industry, in accordance with a particular embodiment;
[0024] FIG. 5 illustrates an example dynamic heat generator for use
in various applications, in accordance with a particular
embodiment;
[0025] FIG. 6 illustrates a modular heater in accordance with one
embodiment of the present invention;
[0026] FIG. 7 is a block diagram of a heater system using a modular
heater in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0027] FIG. 8 is a block diagram of a portable heater system in
accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
[0028] FIG. 9 is a block diagram of a portable heater system in
accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
[0029] FIG. 10 is a block diagram of a vehicle having a modular
heater in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0030] FIG. 11 is a block diagram of a modular heater used in a
vehicle in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention;
[0031] FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a method of heating a
fluid in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
and
[0032] FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating a method of heating a
fluid in accordance with another embodiment of the present
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0033] While the making and using of various embodiments of the
present invention are discussed in detail below, it should be
appreciated that the present invention provides many applicable
inventive concepts that can be embodied in a wide variety of
specific contexts. The specific embodiments discussed herein are
merely illustrative of specific ways to make and use the invention
and do not delimit the scope of the invention. The discussion
herein relates primarily to heating water, but it will be
understood that the concepts of the present invention are
applicable to any system and method for heating liquids without
using open flames for killing pathogens in water, distilling water,
producing radiant heat, melting paraffin in oil wells, and steam
reforming of petroleum fuels for the production of hydrogen for use
in fuel cells.
[0034] One embodiment of the present invention provides a compact,
lightweight, fast acting, efficient vehicle heater that does not
require separate fuel or air for combustion or that generate
additional exhaust to preheat and maintain engine, crew and cargo
temperature in cold weather. The modular heater of the present
invention maintains adequate coolant temperatures under ambient
temperatures conditions where the engine's rejected heat is
insufficient to maintain the engine's proper operating temperature
and allows the engines to operate at normal operating temperatures
at all times, even in the Arctic conditions. The present invention
can be used in many applications in some of the harshest climates
in the world where the heaters are required to be operated around
the clock either mechanically, electrically and hydraulically where
no adjustments are a must and no maintenance is a requirement. In
addition, the modular heater of the present invention can be used
to heat fluid to produce electricity, provide radiant heat, provide
drinking water, melt paraffin in an oil well, produce steam or
produce steam to reform a petroleum fuel to produce hydrogen for
use in a fuel cell.
[0035] In another embodiment, the ability to heat water above 212
degrees Fahrenheit, to kill pathogens without the need of an open
flame, makes this system adaptable to all types of locations and
environments. In addition, particular embodiments can be adapted
for the distillation of salt water. Particular embodiments are
capable of performing additional applications for hot water and/or
steam and at the same time are capable of reducing safety issues
that are associated with other applications.
[0036] More specifically, the present invention provides a method
for heating water to at least a specified temperature without a
flame by providing a source of water and a prime mover, pumping
water from the source of water into one or more heat exchangers,
pre-heating the water using the one or more heat exchangers,
heating the pre-heated water to at least the specified temperature
without a flame using a dynamic heat generator driven by the prime
mover, using the heated water in the one or more heat exchangers to
pre-heat the water and providing the heated water to an output. The
dynamic heat generator may be similar or identical to devices
provided by Island City, LLC and typically includes a stationary
housing having an input, an output, and a first set of radial vanes
within the stationary housing, and a rotor disposed within the
stationary housing having a second set of radial vanes. The
specified temperature can be greater than or equal to 212 degrees
Fahrenheit, greater than a temperature required to kill pathogens
within the water, greater than or equal to 250 degrees Fahrenheit,
greater than or equal to 300 degrees Fahrenheit, greater than or
equal to a temperature required to desalinate saltwater, greater
than or equal to a temperature required to melt paraffin, greater
than or equal to a temperature required to create steam, or any
other desired temperature.
[0037] The method may also include steps to: (1) substantially
remove solids from the water using one or more filters, one or more
screens, a hydrocyclone or a combination thereof, (2) filtering the
water before pre-heating the water; (3) filtering the heated water
before providing the heated water to the output; (4) controlling
the specified temperature by adjusting a flow rate of the water
through the dynamic heat generator; (5) storing the heated water;
or (6) circulating the heated water. The heated water can then be
used to produce electricity, provide radiant heat, provide drinking
water, melt paraffin in an oil well, produce steam, produce steam
to reform a petroleum fuel to produce hydrogen for use in a fuel
cell, or any other use that requires hot water.
[0038] As will be shown in particular embodiments described below,
water is pumped from its source using a diaphragm pump or
mechanical pump that can be adjusted to control the flow of intake.
If necessary, a hydrocyclone can be placed between the water source
and the dynamic heat generator to remove solid debris down to
approximately three microns. This prevents larger debris from
entering the dynamic heat generator. The water is then run through
the inside of a heat transfer unit that has the engine block water
running on the outside of the unit. This step increases the
efficiency of the process by preheating the water. The preheated
water then flows to the dynamic heat generator. Until the water
reaches the desired temperature, it continues in a loop back to the
water source. As the water temperature exceeds 212 degrees
Fahrenheit or other specified temperature, a thermostat device
opens and the non-contaminated water is released into a holding
tank.
[0039] Particular embodiments can be trailer mounted or permanently
placed and may be set up in remote areas or disaster locations
where potable water is necessary for survival. One aspect of the
system is a dynamic heat generator that, when coupled to a power
source such as a small diesel engine or electrical motor, can
produce in minutes a constant flow of water in excess of 212
degrees Fahrenheit. In some embodiments, no open flames or heating
elements are required to heat water to this temperature or higher.
In addition, the system has the ability to produce electricity for
lighting, by adding a generator set to the system, and radiant heat
for warming homes or buildings.
[0040] When salt water treatment is required, the water that has
reached a temperature of 212 degrees Fahrenheit may be run through
a hydrocyclone causing a vacuum which then flashes the water to
steam. At that point, the salt is separated from the water and the
concentrated salt brine falls through the bottom of the
hydrocyclone while the pure steam escapes and flows through a heat
exchanger that condenses it back to a liquid form.
[0041] In addition, the present invention provides a system for
heating water to at least a specified temperature without a flame
using a prime mover, a pump, a dynamic heat generator and one or
more heat exchangers. The dynamic heat generator is driven by the
prime mover to heat the water to a least the specified temperature
without a flame. The one or more heat exchangers are connected to
the pump and the dynamic heat generator such that the heated water
from the dynamic heat generator is provided to an output and is
used to pre-heat the water from the pump before the water is heated
by the dynamic heat generator. The prime mover can be an engine, a
turbine, an electric motor, a hydraulic motor or a combination
thereof. As will be described below in reference to FIG. 1, the
system may also include: (1) a first filter connected between the
pump and the one or more heat exchangers; (2) a second filter
connected between the one or more heat exchangers and the output;
(3) a solids separator connected between the pump and the one or
more heat exchangers; (4) a second pump connected between the
solids separator and the one or more heat exchangers; or (5) a
second heat exchanger connected between the pump and the dynamic
heat generator to transfer heat from the prime mover to the water
before the water is heated by the dynamic heat generator. The first
and second filters may include one or more carbon-based filters,
one or more sand-based filters, one or more screens or a
combination thereof The solids separator may include one or more
filters, one or more screens, a hydrocyclone or a combination
thereof The system can be portable.
[0042] Now referring to FIG. 1, a flameless hot water system 10 for
killing pathogens and other contaminants, in accordance with a
particular embodiment is shown. In system 10, water is pumped from
a raw water supply 11 to a solids separator 14 using a pump 12. In
particular embodiments, solids separator 14 may include one or more
filters, one or more screens, a hydrocyclone or a combination
thereof. For example, a hydrocyclone spins the received water
within a chamber to force solids out in a centrifugal manner. In
particular embodiments, solids separator 14 may filter out solids
as small as three microns.
[0043] The clarified water exits the solids separator, or
hydrocyclone, at the top of the separator and is pumped by pump 16
to a filter 18. Filter 18 may include any suitable filter type,
such as one or more carbon-based filters, one or more sand-based
filters, one or more screens or a combination thereof. Some
embodiments may not include a filter 18 to which the water
clarified at solids separator 14 is pumped.
[0044] After passing through filter 18, the water enters heat
exchangers 20, 22 and 24 which add heat to the incoming water. Heat
exchangers 20, 22 and 24 may include a plurality of pipes within a
tube. Water flowing in the direction indicated by arrow 21 passes
through the pipes and is heated by warmer water flowing 15 outside
the pipes in the opposite direction.
[0045] After leaving heat exchanger 24, the water continues to
heater 26 which includes a dynamic heat generator. The dynamic heat
generator can heat the water any suitable amount (specified
temperature) to kill pathogens and other contaminants. The
difference in temperature between water coming into the dynamic
heat generator and water leaving the dynamic heat generator may be
modified by controlling the flow. For example, if the flow is
restricted and the water stays within dynamic heat generator 26
longer, then the difference in temperature between incoming and
outgoing water is greater. Similarly, if the flow rate increased,
then the difference in temperature between incoming and outgoing
water is lower.
[0046] In particular embodiments, the dynamic heat generator is
approximately twelve inches in diameter and six inches in width. In
some embodiments it is made of aluminum, although it can be
constructed from other materials in other embodiments. In
particular embodiments, the dynamic heat generator may be similar
or identical to an Island City, LLC dynamic heat generator. The
dynamic heat generator may consist of only two moving parts.
Running an engine around 1800 RPMs spins the dynamic heat generator
which causes internal wheels to rotate and compress the water
molecules flowing therethrough, thereby causing friction that
produces heat. The power source for the system can be an engine or
electrical motor. In some embodiments, a sixty-six horse power
diesel engine is used as the power source. Attached to the drive
shaft of the engine is the dynamic heat generator.
[0047] In the illustrated embodiment, diesel engine 28 is used to
drive heater 26. Diesel engine 28 includes heat exchanger 31
through which water is pumped by pump 30. Thus, heat produced by
the work performed by diesel engine 28, for example in the engine
jacket water, is used to heat water flowing into heat exchanger 21.
Pump 30 pumps, to heat exchanger 31, the water that is used to heat
the water flowing in the direction of arrow 21 in heat exchanger
22. Therefore, a loop is created to maximize use in the system of
heat produced by the diesel engine.
[0048] After exiting the dynamic heat generator, the water flows in
the direction of arrow 27 back through heat exchanger 24 (e.g.,
outside the pipes through which the incoming water flowing along
direction 23 into heat exchanger 24 passes). This warmer water from
the dynamic 30 heat generator that flows outside the pipes of heat
exchanger 24 warms the water flowing into the heat exchanger. Thus,
after pathogens and other contaminants are killed by the heating of
the water by dynamic heat generator 26, the heat is recovered for
use in heat exchanger 24 to add efficiency to the system.
[0049] After exiting heat exchanger 24, the water flows in the
direction indicated by arrow 29 back to heat exchanger 20 to aid in
warming the water entering heat exchanger 20 from filter 18. The
water leaves heat exchanger 20 and flows to filter 32, check valve
34, gauge 36 and valve 38. In some cases, if filter 32 gets clogged
for example, pressure may increase at check valve 40 such that the
valve releases to allow the water to flow back into water supply
11. Filter 32 may be useful to remove harmful contaminants
post-distillation, such as arsenic.
[0050] The flow of water exiting system 10 through valve 38 may be
controlled. In some cases, the water may exit at approximately 15
gallons per minute. In some embodiments, system 10 may consume, as
a rule of thumb, one gallon of fuel, per twenty horse power, per
hour per 1,000 gallons of processed water. As indicated above, by
controlling the water flow and the power driving the dynamic heat
generator, the water flowing through the system may be heated to
any suitable temperature to kill pathogens and other contaminants.
For example, in some embodiments the water may be heated to 220
degrees Fahrenheit, and approximately 5 kW of electrical power may
be generated.
[0051] When a distillation process is required, two steps in
addition to those described with respect to FIG. 1 may be utilized.
Rather than circulating water directly through dynamic heat
generator 26, a heat transfer liquid may be run in a closed loop to
generate the desired level of temperature. This heat transfer
liquid is run through the inside of a heat exchanger and water is
run through the outside of the heat exchanger. This step prevents
potential damage to the seal in the dynamic heat generator due to
abrasive properties from the salt water. The second modification is
the addition of a second hydrocyclone. The heated water flows out
of the heat exchanger and runs directly into the hydrocyclone. As
the hot water spins in the hydrocyclone, a vacuum is created
causing the water to flash to steam. The remaining "salt slurry"
drops out of the bottom of the hydrocyclone into a holding tank.
The steam may then run through a liquid separator into a holding
tank.
[0052] For example, the present invention provides a system for
desalinating saltwater using a prime mover (e.g., an engine, a
turbine, an electric motor, a hydraulic motor or a combination
thereof), a closed loop (dynamic heat generator, a first pump and a
first heat exchanger), a second pump and a hydrocyclone. The
dynamic heat generator is driven by the prime mover to heat a heat
transfer liquid to a least the specified temperature without a
flame. The first heat exchanger connected to the second pump such
that such that the heated heat transfer liquid from the dynamic
heat generator is used to heat the saltwater from the second pump.
The hydrocyclone is connected to the first heat exchanger, receives
the heated saltwater and substantially separates the heated
saltwater into desalinated water and a salt slurry. The system may
also include: (1) a source of saltwater connected to the second
pump; (2) a first storage that receives the desalinated water; (3)
a second storage that receives the salt slurry; (4) a second heat
exchanger connected between the second pump and the first heat
exchanger to transfer heat from the prime mover to the saltwater
before the saltwater is heated by the first heat exchanger; or (5)
a third heat exchanger connected between the hydrocyclone and the
first storage to transfer heat from the desalinated water to the
saltwater before the saltwater is heated by the first heat
exchanger. The system can be portable.
[0053] Referring now to FIG. 2, a flameless hot water system 100
for the distillation of salt water, in accordance with a particular
embodiment is shown. Water is pumped from water source 102 using
pump 104. The water flows through heat exchanger 106 for
preheating. The outside of heat exchanger 106 (e.g., the heating
element) may comprise water glycol from a diesel engine 107. The
water may then flow through the inside of heat exchanger 108 for
superheating (e.g., to at least 212 degrees Fahrenheit in some
embodiments). The outside of heat exchanger 108 may comprise a heat
transfer fluid (e.g., dynalene) circulated by pump 110 through
dynamic heat generator 112 to reach a high temperature, such as
approximately 300 degrees Fahrenheit.
[0054] The superheated water then flows into hydrocyclone 114 where
a vacuum is created. At this point, the superheated water flashes
to steam and escapes through the top of hydrocyclone 1 14. The
water that does not flash to steam and the salt that has been
separated in the flashing process will flow out of the bottom of
hydrocyclone 114 to return to water source 102 or other capturing
tanks as desired. The water that has flashed to steam flows through
the inside of heat exchanger 116 to be cooled by ambient water such
that it is condensed back to a purified liquid state.
[0055] In another example, the present invention provides a system
for melting paraffin in an oil well using a prime mover (e.g., an
engine, a turbine, an electric motor, a hydraulic motor or a
combination thereof), a water or oil storage unit, a dynamic heat
generator and a valve. The dynamic heat generator is driven by the
prime mover and is connected to or disposed within the water or oil
storage unit to heat the water to a least a specified temperature
without a flame. The valve connects the dynamic heat generator to
the water or oil storage unit and the oil well such that the heated
water is circulated to the water storage until the heated water in
the water storage reaches a temperature sufficient to melt the
paraffin and the heated water is pumped into the oil well. The
system may also include: (1) a heat exchanger connected between the
pump and the dynamic heat generator to transfer heat from the prime
mover to the water before the water is heated by the dynamic heat
exchanger; or (2) a pump connected between the water or oil storage
unit and the dynamic heat generator. The system can be
portable.
[0056] Now referring to FIG. 3, a portable flameless hot water
system 200 for on site treatment of paraffin clogging used in the
oil field service industry, in accordance with a particular
embodiment is shown. As a way of heating water high enough to melt
down hole paraffin, a system has be designed to perform this
function either on site or by mounting the system on a truck for
mobility. For example, by mounting the system described in FIG. 1
on a truck and using water stored in a seventy-five barrel tank, a
line is run from the water tank directly to the water heating
system. As the water circulates through a dynamic heat generator,
it is sent back to the water tank until the water reaches a
temperature of 250 degrees Fahrenheit. Once that temperature is
reached the water is then sent down hole through the well head for
the paraffin melting process.
[0057] As illustrated, system 200 is mounted on truck 202 for
mobility. Water is pumped using pump 206 from a baffled water
storage tank 204 mounted on the truck bed. The water flows through
the inside of heat exchanger 208 for preheating. As is the case in
other embodiments, the preheating process increase's the efficiency
of the system and takes advantage of otherwise unused energy. In
particular embodiments, the outside of heat exchanger 208 may
comprise water glycol from the cooling system of engine 210. The
water then flows through dynamic heat generator 212 for
superheating. The water is then piped back into water storage tank
204 (e.g., along piping 214). The process continues in a loop
fashion until the water in storage tank 204 reaches a certain
desired temperature (e.g., approximately 212 or 250 degrees
Fahrenheit in some embodiments). At this point, the super hot water
is released along line 216 directly into the well head and down the
perforation where the paraffin is treated.
[0058] Referring now to FIG. 4, a permanent on site flameless hot
water system 300 for paraffin clogging used in the oil field
service industry, in accordance with a particular embodiment is
shown. FIG. 4 includes a side view 301a and an end view 301b of
system 300. Water is stored next to the well head in a sealed steel
pressure vessel 302 with a pressure release valve 304. A dynamic
heat generator 306 may be installed inside sealed steel vessel 302
with an input pipe 308 and an exit pipe 310 attached 20 to allow
for the flow of water. A drive shaft 312 is extended from the pump
jack electrical motor to dynamic heat generator 306.
[0059] When the pump jack has completed its time cycle to pump oil,
the electric motor turns off. Operated by a timer, the electric
motor reverses its rotation and becomes the power source for
dynamic heat generator 306 by way of an overrunning clutch and
drive shaft. The overrunning clutch mounted under the pump jacks
sheave prevents the pump jack from operating thus allowing the
electric motor to be used as the power source for spinning dynamic
heat generator 306. Water is circulated in steel vessel 302 until
it reaches a desired temperature, such as approximately 250 degrees
Fahrenheit. At this time, a thermostat 314 releases the hot water
back down hole allowing the hot water to clean the perforation
holes that are clogged with paraffin. In particular embodiments,
this process may be done without any flames.
[0060] Now referring to FIG. 5, an example dynamic heat generator
400 for use in various applications, in accordance with a
particular embodiment is illustrated. For example, dynamic heat
generator 400 may be used as the dynamic heat generator of various
applications described herein. Dynamic heat generator 400 is a
hydrodynamic device that takes rotational energy provided by a
prime mover (diesel engine, electric motor, hydraulic motor, etc.)
from a relatively low velocity near its center to a high velocity
at its outer diameter creating kinetic energy (heat) in the
fluid.
[0061] Power, created by the prime mover, is absorbed following
basic laws of centrifugal pumps. For example, power capacity is
proportional to the input speed to the third power, and power
capacity is proportional to the rotors diameter to the fifth
power.
[0062] Structurally, dynamic heat generator comprises a rotor 404
with radial vanes and a stationary housing 406 with matching radial
vanes. Fluid enters dynamic heat generator 400 at an input shaft
402. As rotor 404 turns, the fluid carried by the blades is under
the influence of various tangential forces. A fluid head is created
which transfers the liquid from the rotor 404 vanes to the vanes in
stationary housing 406. The result is the fluid flowing at a
maximum velocity and the creation of kinetic energy (heat).
[0063] In operation, working fluids are pumped into dynamic heat
generator 400 where the fluid is effectively heated through
hydrodynamic action and is then provided as a feedstock for a
variety of process requirements such as water purification and
distillation.
[0064] Various applications of particular embodiments may include
heating water in excess of 212 degrees Fahrenheit to kill
pathogens, flashing hot water to steam for desalination of
contaminated or salt water, generating on board potable water from
a vehicle's air brakes, exhausts, air condition condensation or
external opportunistic water sources, producing radiant heat in
pipes for habitat heating, melting ice and snow, heating portable
showers, cooking, de-icing aircraft, heating hot tubs and swimming
pools, steam reforming of petroleum fuels for production of
hydrogen use in fuel cells for hybrid vehicles, melting paraffin in
down hole tubing, and heating water for carwashes and home
appliances (dishwashers, hot water heaters, washing machines).
[0065] Referring now to FIG. 6, a modular heater 600 in accordance
with one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated. The
modular heater 600 includes an enclosure 602, a dynamic heat
generator 604 disposed within the enclosure 602, an electric motor
606 disposed within the enclosure, a first fluid connector 608
attached to the enclosure 602, a second fluid connector 610
attached to the enclosure 602 and an electrical connector 612
attached to the enclosure 602. The electric motor 606 drives the
dynamic heat generator 604 to heat the fluid to a specified
temperature without a flame. The first fluid connector 608 connects
the dynamic heat generator 604 to a fluid source (not shown). The
second fluid connector 610 connects the dynamic heat generator 604
to a fluid storage (not shown). The electrical connector 612
connects the electric motor 606 to a power source (not shown). As
shown, the modular heater 600 also includes motor flanges 614
attached to each end of the motor 606 to secure the motor 606
within the enclosure 602 via keyway shims 616, a solenoid 618 to
turn the electric motor 606 on and off, and a relief value 620
attached to the enclosure 602 to prevent an excessive pressure
build up from occurring within the enclosure 602.
[0066] The modular heater 600 is completely self-contained and can
be quickly installed for cold weather conditions. This cylindrical
module 600 can be installed in a permanent system, portable system
or a vehicle via a quick-connect coupling system (i.e., the first
fluid connector 608, the second fluid connector 610 and the
electrical connector 612). The coupling system is asymmetrical and
makes use of two guide pins to ensure quick and proper installation
under all climatic conditions. Installation is completed by moving
a single lever to the "locked" position.
[0067] Alternatively, the modular heater 600 can be modified such
that the power source and the electrical connector 612 are disposed
with the enclosure 602. Similarly, a pump can be disposed within
the enclosure 602 and connected between the first fluid connector
608 and the dynamic heat generator 604. Furthermore, a controller
electrically connected to the electric motor 606 can be disposed
within or attached to the enclosure 602.
[0068] Note that the modular heater 600 can be used as in the
systems previously described in reference to FIGS. 1-4. The modular
heater 600 can be used to heat the fluid to a specified temperature
that is:
[0069] a range of temperatures between a minimum temperature and a
maximum temperature;
[0070] greater than or equal to 212 degrees Fahrenheit;
[0071] greater than a temperature required to kill pathogens within
the fluid;
[0072] greater than or equal to 250 degrees Fahrenheit;
[0073] greater than or equal to 300 degrees Fahrenheit;
[0074] greater than or equal to a temperature required to
desalinate saltwater;
[0075] greater than or equal to a temperature required to melt
paraffin;
[0076] greater than or equal to a temperature required to create
steam;
[0077] greater than or equal to a temperature required to preheat
an engine;
[0078] greater than or equal to a temperature required to heat a
crew area of a vehicle; or greater than or equal to a temperature
required to heat a cargo area of a vehicle.
[0079] As a result, the heated fluid can be used to produce
electricity, provide radiant heat, provide drinking water, melt
paraffin in an oil well, produce steam, produce steam to reform a
petroleum fuel to produce hydrogen for use in a fuel cell, preheat
an engine, heat a crew area of a vehicle, or heat a cargo area of a
vehicle.
[0080] Now referring to FIG. 7, a block diagram of a heater system
700 using a modular heater 600 in accordance with one embodiment of
the present invention is shown. The system 700 includes a modular
heater 600, a power source 702 electrically connected to an
electric motor 606 and a pump 704 connected to a dynamic heat
generator 604. As shown in FIG. 6, the modular heater 600 includes
the dynamic heat generator 604 driven by the electric motor 606
disposed within an enclosure 602. The dynamic heat generator 604 is
driven by the electric motor 606 to heat the fluid to a least the
specified temperature without a flame. The pump 704 is connected to
a fluid source 706. The dynamic heat generator 604 of the modular
heater 600 is connected to a fluid storage 708. As previously
described, the modular heater 600 can be modified to also include
the power source 702 as illustrated by dashed line 710, the pump
704 as illustrated by dashed line 712 or both the power source 702
and pump 704 as illustrated by dashed line 714.
[0081] Referring now to FIG. 8, a block diagram of a portable
heater system 800 in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention is shown. The portable heater system 800 (see also system
710) is a frame or enclosure 802 in which a modular heater 600, a
power source 702 and a controller 804 are physically connected and
made portable via wheels or skids 806. Fluid input connector 808
and output connector 810 are also physically connected to the frame
or enclosure 802 so that the system 800 can be quickly connected or
disconnected to a fluid source and fluid output.
[0082] Now referring to FIG. 9, a block diagram of a portable
heater system 900 in accordance with one embodiment of the present
invention is shown. The portable heater system 900 (see also system
714) is a frame or enclosure 902 in which a modular heater 600, a
power source 702, a pump 704 and a controller 804 are physically
connected and made portable via wheels or skids 806. Fluid input
connector 808 and output connector 810 are also physically
connected to the frame or enclosure 802 so that the system 800 can
be quickly connected or disconnected to a fluid source and fluid
output.
[0083] Referring now to FIG. 10, a block diagram of a vehicle 1000
having a modular heater 600 in accordance with one embodiment of
the present invention is shown. The modular heater 600 is
removeably installed in the engine compartment 1002 of the vehicle
1000. The modular heater 600 is completely self-contained and can
be quickly installed for cold weather conditions. As previously
described, this cylindrical module is installed to the vehicle via
a quick-connect coupling system. The coupling is asymmetrical and
makes use of two guide pins to ensure quick and proper installation
under all climatic conditions. Installation is completed by moving
a single lever to the "locked" position. Locking the module in
connects it to the engine's water/glycol coolant system as well as
the vehicle's 28 VDC power grid.
[0084] Referring now to FIG. 11, a block diagram of a modular
heater 600 used in a vehicle engine compartment 1002 in accordance
with one embodiment of the present invention is shown. In
operation, water/glycol is circulated (shown by arrow 1102) by the
engine's water pump to the engine, radiator and thermostat
(collectively the coolant system 1104) in a normal fashion. But now
a portion of the mixture that is normally destined for the
vehicle's cab heater and defroster (shown by arrow 1106) is
diverted to the modular heater 600 (shown by arrow 1108).
Controlled by the engine's COTS (thermostat system), if the water
mixture is less than or equal to a preset temperature it closes its
electrical contact. Closing these contacts sends an electrical
signal to a high capacity solenoid 618 mounted inside the module
600 next to the DC electric motor 606. The high capacity solenoid
618 is connected to power source (battery) 1112. The motor 606 then
starts, turning the dynamic heat generator 604, and causing more of
the water mixture to be drawn from the engine cooling loop 1108 and
to be heated within the module 600. The heated water 1110 then
flows to the cabin heater and defroster 1106 on the engine to
complete the loop. The heater module 600 will continue to operate
until the water flowing reaches a preset temperature at which time
it will switch off. Vehicle/engine pre-heating can be accomplished
by electrically "slaving" the vehicle from either another vehicle
or external power source such as a Genset or utility power (any of
which are also shown as power source 1112). During this pre-heating
all vehicle systems are brought up to optimum operating temperature
and are automatically maintained for maximum efficiency. During
mobile operations in cold temperatures, the heater maintains the
optimum engine/coolant temperature regardless of engine loading,
thereby ensuring not only the comfort of the passengers by also
maximum vehicle performance and mobility.
[0085] Now referring to FIG. 12, a flow chart illustrating a method
1200 of heating a fluid in accordance with one embodiment of the
present invention is shown. A power source for the electric motor
606 disposed with the modular heater 600 is provided in block 1202.
The fluid is pumped to the dynamic heat generator 604 disposed
within the modular heater 600 in block 1204. The fluid is then
heated to a specified temperature without a flame using the dynamic
heat generator 604 driven by the electric motor 606 in block 1206
and the heated fluid is provided to an output in block 1208. Note
that this method 1200 can be used in any of the systems previously
described in reference to FIGS. 1-4 and 7-10. In addition, the
specified temperature can be controlled by adjusting a flow rate of
the fluid through the dynamic heat generator 604 or varying a speed
of the electric motor 606 if the electric motor 606 is a variable
speed motor.
[0086] Referring now to FIG. 13, a flow chart illustrating a method
1300 of heating a fluid in accordance with another embodiment of
the present invention is shown. A temperature of a fluid is
monitored in block 1302. If the fluid temperature is below a
minimum temperature, as determined in decision block 1304, and the
modular heater is off, as determined in decision block 1306, the
modular heater is turned on in block 1308, the fluid is heated to a
specified temperature without a flame using the dynamic heat
generator 604 driven by the electric motor 606 in block 1310, and
the fluid temperature is monitored in block 1302. If, however, the
modular heater is not off, as determined in decision block 1306,
the fluid is heated to a specified temperature without a flame
using the dynamic heat generator 604 driven by the electric motor
606 in block 1310, and the fluid temperature is monitored in block
1302. If, however, the fluid temperature is not below the minimum
temperature, as determined in decision block 1304, and the fluid
temperature is not above a maximum temperature, as determined in
decision block 1312, the fluid is heated to a specified temperature
without a flame using the dynamic heat generator 604 driven by the
electric motor 606 in block 1310, and the fluid temperature is
monitored in block 1302. If, however, the fluid temperature is
above the maximum temperature, as determined in decision block
1312, and the modular heater is on, as determined in decision block
1314, the modular heater is turned off in block 1316, and the fluid
temperature is monitored in block 1302. If, however, the modular
heater is not on, as determined in decision block 1314, the fluid
temperature is monitored in block 1302. Note that this method 1300
can be used in any of the systems previously described in reference
to FIGS. 1-4 and 7-10. In addition, the specified temperature can
be controlled by adjusting a flow rate of the fluid through the
dynamic heat generator 604 or varying a speed of the electric motor
606 if the electric motor 606 is a variable speed motor.
[0087] Although the present invention has been described in detail
with reference to particular embodiments, it should be understood
that various other changes, substitutions, and alterations may be
made hereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the
present invention. For example, although the present invention has
been described with reference to a number of components included
within various systems, these components may be combined,
rearranged, re-sized or positioned in order to accommodate
particular needs and applications. The present invention
contemplates great flexibility in the arrangement of these elements
as well as their internal components.
[0088] For example, some embodiments may utilize an engine or
mechanism other than a diesel engine to drive the dynamic heat
generator. Depending on particular needs and applications,
particular embodiments may not utilize one or more components such
as one or more of the illustrated heat exchangers, filters and
pumps. Numerous other changes, substitutions, variations,
alterations and modifications may be ascertained by those skilled
in the art and it is intended that the present invention encompass
all such changes, substitutions, variations, alterations and
modifications as falling within the spirit and scope of the
appended claims.
* * * * *