U.S. patent application number 11/755104 was filed with the patent office on 2007-10-25 for cutting device.
This patent application is currently assigned to RELCO U.K. LIMITED. Invention is credited to David Gill, Mark Gill.
Application Number | 20070245867 11/755104 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 9935381 |
Filed Date | 2007-10-25 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070245867 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gill; David ; et
al. |
October 25, 2007 |
CUTTING DEVICE
Abstract
A cutting device (10) for cutting a material (12) and providing
a cut portion of the material (12). The device comprises a heating
assembly comprising an electrical induction arrangement (32) for
heating the cut portion of the material by induction heating.
Inventors: |
Gill; David; (Duffield,
GB) ; Gill; Mark; (London, GB) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SMITH-HILL AND BEDELL, P.C.
16100 NW CORNELL ROAD, SUITE 220
BEAVERTON
OR
97006
US
|
Assignee: |
RELCO U.K. LIMITED
Shakespeare Street
Watford
GB
WD2 5HD
|
Family ID: |
9935381 |
Appl. No.: |
11/755104 |
Filed: |
May 30, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10421968 |
Apr 22, 2003 |
7234500 |
|
|
11755104 |
May 30, 2007 |
|
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Current U.S.
Class: |
83/78 |
Current CPC
Class: |
Y10T 156/1052 20150115;
B26F 1/40 20130101; Y10T 156/1322 20150115; B26D 7/1854 20130101;
Y10T 156/1072 20150115; B26D 7/10 20130101; Y10T 156/1062 20150115;
B26F 1/3846 20130101; Y10T 156/107 20150115; Y10T 156/1085
20150115; Y10T 156/1075 20150115; Y10T 156/1326 20150115; B26D 7/27
20130101; B65B 7/164 20130101; Y10T 83/283 20150401; Y10T 83/293
20150401; Y10T 156/1339 20150115; Y10T 83/202 20150401 |
Class at
Publication: |
083/078 |
International
Class: |
B26D 7/06 20060101
B26D007/06 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Apr 24, 2002 |
GB |
0209316.9 |
Claims
1-40. (canceled)
41. A cutting device comprising: an electrically insulating cutting
member for cutting electrically conductive material carrying a
thermosensitive adhesive and for transferring a cut portion of the
electrically conductive material to an open top of a container to
seal the container; a heating assembly comprising electrical
induction coils for heating the cut portion of the electrically
conductive material following transfer to the open top of the
container and whilst held against the open top of the container by
the cutting member; wherein heating of the cut portion of the
electrically conductive material by induction heating is arranged
to melt the thermosensitive adhesive to thereby seal the cut
portion of the electrically conductive material to the open top of
the container to seal the container.
42. A cutting device according to claim 41, wherein the cutting
member is formed from a non-metallic material.
43. A cutting device according to claim 41, wherein the cutting
member is formed from a thermally insulating material.
44. A cutting device according to claim 41, wherein the cutting
member includes a circumferentially extending cutting edge.
45. A cutting device according to claim 41, wherein the cutting
member is linearly displaceable.
46. A cutting device according to claim 41, wherein the electrical
induction coils are arranged to directly heat the cut portion of
the electrically conductive material by induction heating, without
heating the cutting member.
47. A cutting device comprising: a linearly displaceable cutting
member for cutting electrically conductive material carrying a
thermosensitive adhesive to provide a cut portion of the
electrically conductive material and for transferring the cut
portion of the electrically conductive material to an open top of a
container to seal the container; a heating assembly comprising
electrical induction coils for heating the cut portion of the
electrically conductive material by induction heating following
transfer to the open top of the container and whilst held against
the open top of the container by the cutting member; wherein
heating of the cut portion of the electrically conductive material
by induction heating is arranged to melt the thermosensitive
adhesive to thereby seal the cut portion of the electrically
conductive material to the open top of the container to seal the
container.
48. A cutting device comprising: a linearly displaceable cutting
member for cutting a web of electrically conductive material
carrying a thermosensitive adhesive to provide a cut portion of the
electrically conductive material from the web and for transferring
the cut portion of the electrically conductive material to an open
top of a container to seal the container; a heating assembly
comprising electrical induction coils for heating the cut portion
of the electrically conductive material by induction heating
following transfer to the open top of the container and whilst held
against the open top of the container by the cutting member;
wherein heating of the cut portion of the electrically conductive
material by induction heating is arranged to melt the
thermosensitive adhesive to thereby seal the cut portion of the
electrically conductive material to the open top of the container
to seal the container, and further wherein the cutting member is
formed from a material which is electrically insulating whereby the
cutting member is not inductively heated.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 10/421,968 filed Apr. 22, 2003 and claims priority under
35 USC 119 of United Kingdom Patent Application No. 0209316.9 filed
Apr. 24, 2002.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates to cutting devices and may
also relate to transfer apparatus. Particularly but not
exclusively, the invention relates to cutting devices and to
transfer apparatus for adhering a foil portion to an object, such
as the rim of an aperture, e.g. an open top of a container or other
similar article having an opening.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] The use of a foil including a layer of heat sensitive
adhesive to close and seal containers such as milk bottles and pill
bottles is well known. A punch and die arrangement punches a foil
portion of the required size directly into the cap from a foil
sheet fed through the punch and die. The foil portion is delivered
to the container as part of the cap, and an electrical induction
system heats the foil, melting the adhesive and sealing the foil to
the rim of the container.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0004] According to one aspect of this invention there is provided
a cutting device comprising a cutting member and a heating assembly
for heating an article to be cut, the heating means being provided
on the cutting member.
[0005] According to another aspect of this invention, there is
provided a cutting device comprising a cutting arrangement for
cutting a material and providing a cut portion of the material, and
a heating assembly comprising an electrical induction arrangement
comprising for heating the cut portion of the material by induction
heating.
[0006] Preferably, the material comprises a thermosensitive
adhesive to be activated by the electrical induction
arrangement.
[0007] According to another aspect of this invention, there is
provided transfer apparatus to transfer a portion of a web of a
material to an article, the material comprising a thermosensitive
adhesive, and the apparatus comprising a cutting device to cut said
web portion from the web and heating assembly to heat the web
portion and activate the thermosensitive adhesive.
[0008] In one embodiment, the heating assembly may be provided on
the cutting member. In another embodiment, the apparatus may
include holder holding the article, and the heating assembly may be
provided on the holder.
[0009] Preferably, the material comprises a substrate on which the
thermosensitive adhesive is provided. In one embodiment, the
substrate is metallic. In another embodiment, the substrate may be
a non-metallic material, particularly an electrically insulating
material such as a plastics material.
[0010] Preferably, the heating assembly comprises induction means.
In one embodiment, where the substrate is metallic, the web portion
be heated by induction heating.
[0011] Preferably, the apparatus includes a translation assembly
for effecting relative movement between the cutting assembly and
the article to bring the cutting member and the article together to
effect said transfer of the web portion to the article.
[0012] Preferably the cutting member, is movable and may comprise a
main body. The cutting member may comprise a cutting head or punch.
Preferably, the cutting member is formed from a non-metallic
material. Preferably the cutting member is formed from an
electrically insulating material. The cutting member may be formed
from a thermally insulating material. The cutting member is
conveniently formed from a ceramic material. The heating assembly
is preferably provided on the cutting member.
[0013] Desirably, the heating assembly comprises electrical coils
provided on or in the cutting member. The electrical coils may be
wound around or in the cutting member. The cutting member may be
provided with a recess, which may be annular, to receive the coils,
or in another embodiment, the cutting member may be hollow to
receive said coils therein. In this other embodiment the cutting
member may define a chamber and the electrical induction
arrangement may be provided within the chamber. In this embodiment,
the heating assembly may comprise coils wound around a former in
the chamber.
[0014] In another embodiment, for example where the substrate is a
non-metallic material, particularly an electrically insulating
material, the cutting member may be provided with a metal face to
engage the substrate. Preferably, the metal face comprises a metal
layer on the cutting member. In this embodiment, the metal face may
be heated by induction heating and said heated metal face may heat
the cut portion. Preferably, the metal layer is a thin layer, and
may have a thickness of 1 mm or less.
[0015] Preferably the translation means is provided to move the
cutting member to the article to transfer the cut portion to and
away therefrom after said transfer has been effected. Preferably
the apparatus includes a power supply in communication with the
heating assembly. The power supply may supply power continuously to
the heating assembly, or may supply power intermittently to the
heating means, and may supply the power in response to the position
of the cutting means.
[0016] Preferably, the cutting device comprises a cutting guide
arrangement which may be co-operable with the cutting member. The
cutting guide arrangement may define a cutting passage
therethrough, wherein the cutting member and the cutting guide
arrangement are movable relative to each other so that the cutting
member can be received in the cutting passage to cut the
material.
[0017] The cutting guide arrangement may comprise a first cutting
plate defining a first aperture through which the cutting member
may be movable to the material. Preferably, the cutting guide
arrangement comprises a second cutting plate defining a second
aperture into which the punch may be movable after the material has
been cut.
[0018] Preferably, the first and second cutting plates are arranged
so that, in use, the cutting member is movable through the first
aperture before cutting the material, and thereafter the cutting
member may be movable through the second aperture.
[0019] In one embodiment, the cutting guide arrangement may
comprise a housing to guide the cutting member. Preferably, the
housing defines a guide passage therethrough. The guide passage is
preferably aligned with the cutting passage.
[0020] Preferably the first and second cutting plates are spaced
from each other by a material transport passage, the material being
movable along the material transport passage. In one embodiment,
the direction of movement of the cutting member is transverse to
the direction of movement of the material.
[0021] Preferably the cutting device includes carrying means to
carry the cut portion on the cutting member. The carrying means may
comprise an engagement portion and vacuum means on the cutting
member. The vacuum means may be operable to apply suction to the
cut portion to hold the cut portion by the engagement portion prior
to transfer of the portion to the article. The engagement portion
may comprise an engagement surface.
[0022] Preferably the translation means is operable to move the
cutting member between a first position in which the cutting member
is spaced from the material, a second position in which the cutting
member can cut the material from the web, and a third position in
which the cut portion can be transferred to the article.
Preferably, the first, second and third positions are arranged
generally in a straight line relative to each other.
[0023] Preferably the apparatus includes a transfer arrangement for
moving the material through the device. The transfer arrangement
may operate intermittently in correspondence with the operation of
the cutting member. Preferably the transfer arrangement includes a
first reel for holding uncut material. The transfer arrangement may
further include a second reel for holding waste material from which
portions have been cut. The transfer arrangement may further
include motive means for moving the web from the first reel to the
second reel, the cutting member being operable on a section of the
material between the first and the second reel.
[0024] The material preferably comprises a web, which is preferably
in the form of a sheet of foil. The material may be provided with a
layer of said thermosensitive adhesive.
[0025] The engagement portion may comprise a recess for receiving a
part of the article, thereby deforming the cut portion around the
article on transfer of the cut portion thereto.
[0026] Further according to the invention, there is provided
container sealing apparatus for adhering a foil portion to the rim
of a container, the apparatus being as described in the preceding
eleven paragraphs.
[0027] According to another aspect of the invention there is
provided a method of cutting a portion of a material, the method
comprising cutting said material the method comprising cutting said
material to provide a cut portion by induction heating.
[0028] Preferably, the material comprises a thermosensitive
adhesive to be activated by the induction heating.
[0029] According to another aspect of this invention there is
provided a method of transferring a portion of a material of a
material to an article, the material comprising a thermosensitive
adhesive, and the method comprising providing cutting means for
cutting said portion from the material, providing a heating
assembly comprising an electrical induction arrangement for heating
said portion, and effecting relative movement between the cutting
member and the article to bring the cutting member and the article
together, actuating said heating assembly to activate the
thermosensitive adhesive to transfer the web portion to the
article.
[0030] In one embodiment, the heating assembly may be provided on
the cutting means. In another embodiment, the apparatus may include
a holder for holding the article, and the heating assembly may be
provided on the holder.
[0031] Preferably, the material comprises a substrate on which the
thermosensitive adhesive is provided. Preferably, the substrate is
metallic. In another embodiment, the substrate may be a
non-metallic material, particularly an electrically insulating
material, such as a plastics material.
[0032] Preferably, the heating assembly comprises an electrical
induction assembly. In one embodiment, where the material is
metallic, the web portion can be heated by induction heating.
[0033] Preferably, the cutting member is moved to the article to
transfer the cut portion, and thereafter is moved away therefrom
after said transfer has been effected.
[0034] Preferably the cutting member comprises a main body. The
cutting member may comprise a cutting head or punch. Preferably the
cutting member is formed from a non-metallic material. Preferably
the cutting member is formed from an electrically insulating
material. The cutting member may be formed from a thermally
insulating material. The cutting member is advantageously formed
from a ceramic material.
[0035] Desirably, the electrical induction arrangement comprises
electrical coils provided on or in the cutting member. The
electrical coils may be mounted around the cutting member. The
cutting member may be provided with a recess, which may be annular,
to receive the coils.
[0036] In one embodiment, for example where the substrate is a
non-metallic material, particularly an electrically insulating
material, the cutting means may be provided with a metal face to
engage the substrate, preferably, the metal face is a metal layer
on the main body. In this embodiment, the metal face may be heated
by induction heating and said heated metal face may heat the cut
portion.
[0037] The step of effecting said relative movement includes
guiding the cutting member to the web and may thereafter include
guiding the cutting member to the article.
[0038] Preferably the first and second cutting plates are spaced
from each other by a web transport passage, the web being movable
along the web transport passage.
[0039] The method may further include the step of carrying the web
portion on the cutting member. The step of carrying the web portion
on the cutting member may comprise applying suction to said web
portion to hold the web portion on the cutting means.
[0040] Preferably the cutting member is moved between a first
position in which the cutting member is spaced from the web, a
second position in which the cutting member can cut the web portion
from the web, and a third position in which the web portion can be
transferred to the article. Preferably, the first, second and third
positions are arranged generally in a straight line relative to
each other.
[0041] Preferably the method includes moving the web relative to
the cutting means. The step of moving the web may comprise
intermittently moving the web in correspondence with the operation
of the cutting means. Preferably the step of moving the web
includes providing uncut web on a first reel means and may further
include providing a second reel means for holding waste web from
which portions have been cut. Step of moving the web may include
moving the web from the first reel to the second reel, the cutting
means being operable on a section of the web between the first and
the second reel.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] Embodiments of the invention will now be described by way of
example only with reference to the accompanying drawings, in
which:
[0043] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a cutting
device;
[0044] FIG. 2 is a sectional side view of the region marked II in
FIG. 1;
[0045] FIG. 2A shows sectional side view of a modification of the
embodiment shown in FIG. 2;
[0046] FIGS. 3A to 3C show three steps in the operation of part of
another embodiment of the invention;
[0047] FIG. 4 is a sectional side view of a further embodiment;
and
[0048] FIG. 5 is a sectional side view of another embodiment.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
[0049] Referring to the FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawings, there is
shown a cutting apparatus 10 for cutting a portion of a web 12 of a
foil material and transferring the cut portion to articles in the
form of containers 20, for example bottles of a drink. The foil
material is provided to seal the open tops of the containers 20.
The web 12 of the foil material is formed of an aluminium foil,
having a layer of a thermosensitive adhesive provided on the lower
surface thereof. The web 12 is provided on a supply reel 14 and
waste web is taken up on a waste reel 16. The web 12 extends
through a cutting device 18 which cuts web portions 17 from the web
12. The web portions 17 are of a sufficient size and shape to fit
over the top of the containers 20. The containers 20 are mounted on
an endless belt conveyor 22 and are transported by the conveyor 22
in the direction indicated by the arrow A to bring each container
20 sequentially into position directly beneath the cutting device
18, as shown for receiving the web portion 17 thereon.
[0050] The cutting device 18 comprises a cutting member comprising
a main body or cutting punch 24 having a web engagement portion 26
provided with an engagement face 27 to engage the portion cut from
the web.
[0051] The cutting device 18 further includes a cutting arrangement
for receiving the cutting punch 24 in the form of first and second
cutting plates 34, 36. The first cutting plate member 34 defines a
first cutting passage 38 to receive the cutting punch 24 so that
the cutting punch 34 can cut the web 12.
[0052] The cutting further includes a cutting arrangement 33 for
receiving the cutting punch 24 in the form of first and second
cutting plates 34, 36. The first cutting plate member 34 defines a
first cutting passage 38 to receive the cutting punch 24 so that
the cutting punch 34 can cut the web 12.
[0053] An actuator 40 in the form of a piston arrangement is
provided to move the cutting punch 24 downwardly in the direction
of the arrow B to effect the transfer and upwardly in the opposite
direction to return the cutting punch 24 to its start position. The
second guide member 36 defines a second guide passage 42 to guide
the cutting punch 24 to the top of the container 20.
[0054] A web transport passage 46 is provided between the first and
second guide members 34, 36, to guide the web 12 in the direction
of the arrow C.
[0055] The apparatus 10 further includes an induction generator 48
to supply electrical power to the induction coil 32.
[0056] In operation, a web 12 of foil material is fed along the web
transport passage 46 from a supply reel 14 and the end is mounted
onto the waste reel 16. The cutting punch 24 is in the position
shown in FIG. 1.
[0057] A plurality of containers 20 are arranged on the conveyor
22. The operation of the apparatus is appropriately programmed such
that the conveyor 22 moves each of the containers 20 in turn
underneath the cutting punch 24 and then stops. At this point the
cutting punch 24 is in its first or start position. The actuator 40
then moves the cutting punch 24 downwardly to a second position to
cut the web portion 17 from the web 12. The vacuum means 35 is then
operated to apply suction and hold the web portion 17 onto the
engagement surface 28 of the cutting punch 24. The actuator 40
continues its operation to move the cutting punch 24 downwardly to
a third position at which the web portion is on the cutting punch
24 engages the top of the container 20.
[0058] As the cutting punch 24 engages the container 20, the
generator 48 supplies electrical power to the induction coils 32
which cause inductive heating of the metallic foil web portion 17.
The technique of inductive or induction heating is a well known
process and need not be explained here. The inductive or induction
heating of the web portion 17 melts, or partially melts, the
adhesive layer on the web portion 17 causing the web portion 17 to
adhere to the top of the container 20.
[0059] The vacuum means 34 is then switched off and the cutting
punch 24 retracted to the initial position as shown in FIG. 1, with
the web portion 17 remaining adhered to the top of the container
20. The conveyor 22 then moves the containers 20 in the direction
of the arrow A until the next container 20 is directly below the
cutting assembly 18. The process described above is then repeated
until all the bottles 20 on the conveyor 22 are sealed with a web
portion 17.
[0060] A modification to the embodiment of FIG. 2 is shown in FIG.
2A, which is suitable for use with non-metallic, non-electrically
conducting foils 12A. The modification shown in FIG. 2A comprises
many of the features of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and these
features are designated with the same reference numeral. In this
modification, the cutting punch 24 has a lower face 28A and
metallic engagement layer 27 provided thereon to provide a metallic
face to engage the non-metallic foil 12A. With the modification
shown in FIG. 2A, the coils 32 inductively heat the metallic
engagement layer 27. The heated layer 27 heats adhesive on the
non-metallic foil 12A to partially melt the adhesive, enabling the
foil 12 to adhere to the top of a container 20.
[0061] Referring to FIGS. 3A to 3C there is shown a further
embodiment, which comprises many of the features of the embodiment
shown in FIG. 1, and these have been designated with the same
reference numeral. The embodiment shown in FIGS. 3A to 3C differs
from the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 in that the engagement surface
28 in the form of a circular recess 50 having a downwardly
depending circumferential edge region 52. The recess 50 is slightly
larger than the top of the containers 20 such that the top of each
container 20 can be received sequentially within the recess 50.
[0062] FIG. 3A shows the cutting punch 24 in its first position,
and is then moved downwardly through the second position to cut the
web portion 17 from the web 12. FIG. 3B shows the cutting punch 24
in a position intermediate the second and third positions.
[0063] Further downward movement of the cutting punch 24 to the
third position as shown in FIG. 3C brings the web portion 17 into
engagement with the top of the container 20. The top of the
container 20 is received in the recess 52, thereby deforming the
web portion around the outside of the top of the container 20. As
can be seen from FIG. 3C, the downwardly depending edge region 52
enables the web portion 17 to be deformed so that it is a snug fit
around the top of the container 20.
[0064] The induction coils are actuated to heat the adhesive layer
on the web portion 17 so that the web portion 17 adheres around the
top of the container 20. A further embodiment of a transfer
apparatus 10 is shown in FIG. 4. The apparatus shown in FIG. 4
comprises many of the features of the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1
to 3C, and these have been designated with the same reference
numeral.
[0065] The apparatus shown in FIG. 4 differs from that shown in the
previous embodiments, in that it comprises an elongate cutting
punch 24 having a hollowed central region 60 in which a coil former
62 is provided around which the coil 32 is wound in a direction
extending along the main axis of the elongate cutting punch 24.
Also, the first and second cutting plate 34, 36 are connected to a
guide housing 64 defining a central bore 66 in which is mounted a
guide bearing 68. The cutting punch 24 slidably reciprocates within
the bore 66. An internal member 70 is provided within the space 60
and is held into position by a spacer 72 at the upper end thereof.
The internal member 70 defines the vacuum conduit 29 to provide the
vacuum for holding the cut foil onto the engagement surface 28 of
the cutting punch 24.
[0066] In the embodiment shown in FIG. 4, the engagement surface 28
is provided on an insert 74 which may be formed of a suitable
material, for example rubber. The engagement surface 28 is provided
on an engagement portion 26 formed of a suitable metallic material.
The engagement portion 26 is, in turn, mounted on the rubber insert
74.
[0067] Cooling apertures 76 are provided within the inner member 70
for cooling the ceramic cutting punch 24.
[0068] A connector head 78 is attached to the cutting punch 24 and
connects the cutting punch 24 to a suitable machine for effecting
the reciprocating motion of the cutting punch 24.
[0069] Referring to FIG. 5, there is shown a further embodiment
suitable for applying sealing foil portions to the inside of a
container 82.
[0070] Again, the embodiment shown in FIG. 5 comprises many other
features of the embodiment shown in the earlier drawings, and these
have been designated with the same reference numeral. In the
embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the coil 32 is provided around a former
member 84 which is separate from the cutting head 24.
[0071] In operation, the cutting head 24 cuts through the web 12
and delivers a web portion 17 into the cap 18. The induction coil
32 then heats up the web portion 17 while the cutting head presses
the web portion 17 onto the cap thereby activating the adhesives
and adhering the web portion 17 to the inside of the cap 82. The
cutting punch 24 then retracts upwardly to its position shown in
FIG. 6 to repeat the operation.
[0072] The first and second cutting plates 34, 36 are mounted on a
frame 86 comprising an upper frame member 88 upon which the cutting
plates 34, 36 are provided and a lower frame member 90 upon which
the former 84 is provided.
[0073] Various modifications can be made without departing from the
scope of the invention. For example, the foil material used in the
embodiments shown in the drawings could be formed of a metallic
material other than aluminium. Also, the foil material may be
provided with adhesive on both sides. Also, the apparatus could be
used to seal apertures in articles other than containers, for
example apertures in valves, tubes or the like.
[0074] Other modifications that could be incorporated are that it
is not necessary to use a belt conveyor. Instead, each container
could be arranged under the cutting punch 24 by hand or fitted onto
a rotary sealing machine.
[0075] A further modification is that in addition, or as an
alternative to, the vacuum arrangement 35, the guide member 36 are
configured to guide the cutting punch 24 and the cut piece of foil
material 17 to the container 20. With such an embodiment, the guide
member 36 extends to the top of the container 20, as designated by
the numeral 36A in FIG. 2 and indicated by broken lines.
[0076] The above description discusses embodiments of the invention
in terms of applying a foil material to seal the top of a
container. It will be appreciated, that other embodiments could be
used for applying materials to other articles.
[0077] Whilst endeavouring in the foregoing specification to draw
attention to those features of the invention believed to be of
particular importance it should be understood that the Applicant
claims protection in respect of any patentable feature or
combination of features hereinbefore referred to and/or shown in
the drawings whether or not particular emphasis has been placed
thereon.
* * * * *