U.S. patent application number 11/602699 was filed with the patent office on 2007-10-18 for systems, methods, and computer program products facilitating real-time transactions through the purchase of lead options.
Invention is credited to Roger Marx Desenberg.
Application Number | 20070244740 11/602699 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37423320 |
Filed Date | 2007-10-18 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070244740 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Desenberg; Roger Marx |
October 18, 2007 |
Systems, methods, and computer program products facilitating
real-time transactions through the purchase of lead options
Abstract
Systems, methods and computer program products facilitating
real-time service transactions between two or more users, including
at least one client and at least one service provider. Service
providers complete project profiles identifying projects they wish
to work on, and clients complete project profiles identifying
projects they would like to pay service providers to complete. The
project profiles including identifying parameters such as the type
of service or project, start date, completion date, skills required
for completion, and the like. Both the clients and service
providers may then purchase lead options to identify their desire
for obtaining a matching user. The lead options can be a sum of
money a user wishes to pay for a lead. The systems, methods and
computer products then determine matching clients and service
providers based upon the project profiles, and identifies to one or
more lead option submitting users the immediately available users
that match the project profile submitted by the user. In this
manner, clients and service providers can utilize the present
invention to locate immediately appropriate and available users
with which to transact with.
Inventors: |
Desenberg; Roger Marx;
(Sarasota, FL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
ROGER MARX DESENBERG
750 N. TAMIAMI TRAIL
SUITE 404
SARASOTA
FL
34236
US
|
Family ID: |
37423320 |
Appl. No.: |
11/602699 |
Filed: |
November 20, 2006 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
09621663 |
Jul 24, 2000 |
7139732 |
|
|
11602699 |
Nov 20, 2006 |
|
|
|
60144984 |
Jul 22, 1999 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
705/7.41 ;
705/76 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q 40/00 20130101;
G06Q 10/06395 20130101; G06Q 20/3821 20130101; G06Q 30/08 20130101;
G06Q 40/04 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
705/010 ;
705/076 |
International
Class: |
G06Q 30/00 20060101
G06Q030/00 |
Claims
1-18. (canceled)
19. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one lead option paid
for by at least one user, is purchased by at least one second
user.
20. The method of claim 1, wherein at least one lead option paid
for by at least one service provider, is purchased by at least one
second service provider.
21. The method of claim 1 comprising implementing a brokering
engine deployed for use by a multitude of lead marketplaces.
22. The method of claim 1 comprising presenting leads to users on a
different web page, or on a different screen, other than the
location of where registration information is input.
23. The method of claim 1 comprising brokering or negotiating or
facilitating transactions between a multitude of lead marketplaces,
thereby locating available service providers to perform overflow
project work.
24. The method of claim 1, comprising the buying and selling of
lead options in a marketplace.
25. The method of claim 1, comprising the registering of at least
one service provider who desires to perform project work.
26. The method of claim 1, comprising the registering of at least
one user who desires project work to be performed.
27. The method of claim 1 comprising the registration of users or
service providers including at least one of identification
information, payment information, or a password that is stored for
use to identify the registered user or service provider.
28. The method of claim 1 comprising managing associated project
work monetary transactions automatically according to at least one
set of parameters.
29. The method of claim 1, providing a database containing at least
one registered service provider who is qualified to provide a bid
to perform the project work described by the at least user; wherein
the at least one registered and qualified service provider provides
at least one documented bid to a lead for the project work the user
desires to be performed; receiving the at least one documented bid
from the at least one service provider to perform the project work
described by the at least one user; wherein the at least one user
and the at least one service provider agree that the service
provider will perform the project work for the at least one user in
exchange for a service fee; wherein the at least one user pays the
at least one service provider the service fee for performing the
project work.
30. The method of claim 1 comprising the user or service provider
paying a transaction fee calculated to be a percentage of the
service fee amount.
31. The method of claim 1 comprising facilitating a real-time
transaction between two or more users, wherein the two or more
users comprise at least one user and at least one service provider:
registering a first user profile, wherein registering the first
user profile identifies a first user; receiving first project
profile information from the first user, wherein the first project
profile information includes at least one attribute associated with
a profile describing project work in demand; registering at least
one service provider profile, wherein registering the service
provider profile identifies a service provider; receiving project
profile information from the service provider, wherein the project
profile information includes at least one attribute associated with
at least one service provider's request to perform project work;
determining if at least one service provider is available to
transact with the first user, and, where the service provider is
available to transact with the first user, matching the first user
and the service provider based at least in part upon through the
submission of lead option information that describes a preference
for obtaining one or more matching leads.
32. The method of claim 1 comprising tracking the quality of
services provided of at least one project work transaction.
33. The method of claim 1 comprising tracking the quality of the
business conduct between service provider and user.
34. The method of claim 1 comprising the tracking of reputation
information of the user or the service provider.
35. The method of claim 1 composing of checking the availability of
at least one service provider to contact the at least one user in
substantially real time after the transmission of the lead.
36. The method of claim 1 composing of checking the availability of
at least one user to contact the at least one service provider
immediately in substantially real time after the transmission of
the lead.
37. The method of claim 1 composing of checking the availability of
at least one service provider to perform the project work requested
by the at least one user.
38. The method of claim 1 composing of storing historical lead
option transaction information of at least one lead option.
39. The method of claim 1 comprising providing users or service
providers the option to receive notification of their likelihood of
receiving leads according to their project profile or lead option
information.
40. The method of claim 1 comprising providing information to users
and service providers that display an estimate of how much time is
anticipated to elapse until a lead is generated by the lead option
information and project profile information provided.
41. The method of claim 1 comprising providing report information
that assists in estimating the likelihood that a lead option will
produce leads.
42. The method of claim 1 comprising increasing the effectiveness
of the matching algorithm by selecting an optimum pool of potential
matching users based on a numerical value representing the degree
of the at least one service provider's ability to successfully
transact with the at least one user.
43. The method of claim 1 wherein calculating an optimized
selection of potential matching service providers comprising;
receiving a minimum matching value representing the degree of match
of service provider's project profiles with user's project
profiles; and receiving a preferred number of potential matching
service providers to be selected for the function of maximum price
comparing; and receiving a step value representing an increment to
add or subtract to the minimum matching value; and wherein if the
number of potential matching service providers selected is not
equal to the preferred number of potential matching service
providers, the minimum matching value is increased or decreased by
the step value and; the calculation of new set of potential
matching service providers is performed; and the next number of
selected potential matching service providers is compared to the
preferred number of selected potential matching service providers,
and such calculation and selection is repeated until the number of
matching potential service providers selected is optimized to be
within a tolerance level of the number of preferred matching
service providers; and wherein such optimized selection of
potential matching service providers is used in one or more of the
steps in generating leads.
44. The method of claim 1 comprising increasing the effectiveness
of the matching algorithm by using organization profile information
consisting of data describing the service provider's or user's
size, resources, personality, quality control, or preferred
business processes.
45. The method of claim 1 comprising increasing the effectiveness
of the matching algorithm in selecting an optimized potential pool
of service providers based on mandatory project work parameters
input by the user and required to be matched to the service
provider's project profile information or the service provider's
lead option information.
46. The method of claim 1 comprising increasing the effectiveness
of the matching algorithm by prioritizing the ability of the
service providers to meet the at least one user's project
parameters including at least of one of: user's preferred time
frame to complete project, or the user's preferred cost basis, or
the user's preferred quality level of workmanship.
47. The method of claim 1 comprising providing to users and service
providers at least one of chat rooms, voice communication service,
or video communication services to enable users and service
providers to communicate and negotiate transactions in
substantially real time.
48. The method of claim 1 comprising using an automated email
process to communicate to users or service providers.
49. The method of claim 1 comprising facilitating commissions for
the sale or purchase or delivery of leads.
50. The method of claim 1 comprising facilitating the automated
splitting of transaction fees among various marketplaces.
51. The method of claim 1 comprising providing to users and service
providers contract assistance by providing at least one of contract
templates, or contract advice, or contract storage and
retrieval.
52. The method of claim 1 comprising using payment information from
service providers to make payments.
53. The method of claim 1 comprising using payment information from
users to make payments.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims benefit from U.S. Provisional
Application Ser. No. 60/144,984, filed Jul. 22, 1999, inventor
Roger Desenberg, which is incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The present invention relates generally to electronic
transactions, and more specifically, to systems, methods, and
computer program products for the facilitating real time project
work transactions between service providers and clients.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] With the advent of the Internet, electronic commerce has
become one of the fastest growing segments of the economy, due to
the fact that the Internet is an easily accessible platform
allowing individuals to transact with each other regardless of
geographical boundaries or pre-existing relationships. As a result,
this forum has lead to unparalleled opportunities for businesses
and consumers. Currently, thousands of businesses and individuals
offer virtually every type of product and service for purchase
online, facilitating the exchange of over a billion dollars in
goods each year. Moreover, as the Internet becomes more prolific in
society, the number of transactions are expected to increase
dramatically.
[0004] However, despite the Internet's success in facilitating
commerce, hurdles still exist that prevent many businesses and
consumers from successfully utilizing the Internet to facilitate
business. One significant area this is readily apparent is in the
sale and purchase of services, such as project work. For instance,
due to the remote nature of Internet business transactions,
services are difficult to market, especially as compared to goods,
which are often uniform and can be more easily represented with
present day technology. For instance, a consumer concerned about
the quality of goods can purchase a well known brand name to
reassure themselves that they are going to receive consistent
quality even while purchasing site unseen, possibly from a vendor
the consumer hasn't previously transacted with. Furthermore,
consumers can often view goods online. On the contrary, services
are difficult to market over the Internet using conventional
websites because these services are not consistent, inventoried
items, or items that are ready for exchange in a matter of a few
days. Often, services take considerable amount of time to complete
and require special skills. Furthermore, depending upon the work to
be completed, a service must often be tailored to a customer, and
the customer must know the service provider has the skill set to
complete the service to the consumer's satisfaction. Conventional
models based on the buying and selling goods do not offer a
structured process to allow the buyer or seller to ensure all
proper questions are asked and documented that will allow for a
good transaction.
[0005] Currently, a significant amount of project work is marketed
via advertising, including print ads, door to door advertising,
mass mailings, and commercial advertising. Additionally, most
project work is not facilitated by an electronic marketplace.
Consumers who seek service providers to perform such work must
often contact one company at a time, by telephone, mail, fax, or
e-mail, in an attempt to determine what providers have the
necessary skills, experience and capacity to complete a project.
This process is often time consuming, as each company must obtain
project specifications, and then make a bid for the project.
Sometimes consumers are not offered any defined expectations as to
when a bid will be completed, or as to the kind of bid expected.
Moreover, there remains a great dependency on word of mouth
contacts via friends and associates, which limits the buyers' and
service providers' options and marketplace size. Finally, it is
often very difficult to assess a service provider's or buyer's
quality and reputation.
[0006] Furthermore, both customers and service providers typically
incur significant expenses in locating each other. For service
providers, these expenses are often in the form of advertising, and
in the time and effort spent to convince consumers to purchase
their services. Likewise, consumers incur expenses in the spending
time to locate a suitable service provider. Additionally, where a
need is immediate, clients can incur significant irreparable harm
where they cannot locate a suitable service provider quickly.
[0007] Therefore, it will be appreciated that current Internet
marketplace solutions are not readily scalable to facilitate a
marketplace in which consumers and service providers can locate
each other, and conventional methods of locating service providers
and consumers is inefficient and often results in poorly informed
choices. Therefore, what is needed are methods, systems and
computer program products that enable consumers and service
providers to locate each other in an efficient manner, with minimal
delay, and with minimal cost. It would also be advantageous for
these methods, systems and computer program products to facilitate
project work transactions between clients and service providers.
Furthermore, it would also be advantageous to allow service
providers or customers to purchase lead options to express their
desire to receive a match, which would otherwise take great time
and expense.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0008] The systems, methods and computer program products according
to the present invention facilitate real-time service transactions
between two or more users, including at least one client and at
least one service provider. Service providers complete project
profiles identifying projects they wish to work on, and clients
complete project profiles identifying projects they would like to
pay service providers to complete. The project profiles including
identifying parameters such as the type of service or project,
start date, completion date, skills required for completion, and
the like. Both the clients and service providers may then purchase
lead options to identify their desire for obtaining a matching
user. The lead options can be a sum of money a user wishes to pay
for a lead. The present invention then determines matching clients
and service providers based upon the project profiles, and
identifies to one or more lead option submitting users the
immediately available users that match the project profile
submitted by the user. In this manner, clients and service
providers can utilize the present invention to locate immediately
appropriate and available users with which to transact with.
[0009] According to one embodiment of the invention, there is
disclosed a method for facilitating a real-time transaction between
two or more users, wherein the two or more users comprise at least
one client and at least one service provider. The method includes
registering a first user profile, wherein registering the first
user profile identifies a first user, and receiving first project
profile information from the first user, wherein the first project
profile information includes at least one attribute associated with
a first project. The method also includes registering a second user
profile, wherein registering the second user profile identifies a
second user, and receiving second project profile information from
the second user, wherein the second project profile information
includes at least one attribute associated with a second project.
The method further includes determining if the second user is
available to transact with the first user, and, where the second
user is available to transact with the first user, matching the
first user and the second user based at least in part upon the
first project profile information and the second project profile
information. Finally, the method includes identifying the second
user to the first user, where the first user provides, through the
submission of lead option information, a preference for obtaining
one or more matches.
[0010] According to one aspect of the invention, determining if the
second user is available to transact with the first user includes
determining if the second user is available to transact with the
first user based upon the second project profile information.
According to another aspect of the invention, the method further
includes contacting the second user to determine if the user is
immediately available to transact with the first user. Furthermore,
the first user profile can include identification information, and
the at least one attribute may be selected from one of the group
consisting of a start date, an end date, and a maximum price.
Additionally, the lead option information can include a sum of
money, and can be received from the second user.
[0011] According to another embodiment of the invention, there is
disclosed a system for matching users registered with a lead option
engine, to facilitate a real-time transaction. The system includes
a computer, a web browser resident upon the computer, wherein the
web browser permits the user to access a network, and a lead option
engine. The lead option engine is located on the network and
accessible via the web browser, wherein the lead option engine
matches users based upon project profile information, and offers at
least one user the identity of at least one other matching user
based at least in part upon lead option information, wherein the
lead option information identifies the preference of the at least
one user for identifying a matching user.
[0012] According to one aspect of the invention, the lead option
engine offers at least one user the identity of at least one other
matching user where the lead option engine has determined the at
least one other matching user to be available for a transaction.
Furthermore, the lead option information can include a maximum lead
option value that is used by the lead option engine to determine
the at least one user receiving the identity of the at least one
other user. According to another aspect of the invention, the lead
option engine is accessible by the web browser via the Internet,
and can include a sum of money to be paid by a user for identifying
a matching user. The project profile information can also include a
plurality of attributes, received from each user, identifying a
project to be completed, and the lead option engine can match users
based upon similarities between the plurality of attributes
received from each user.
[0013] According to yet another embodiment of the invention, there
is disclosed an engine that facilitates transactions between users
through the acceptance of lead options, wherein the users include
clients and service providers. The engine includes a network
interface enabling the engine to receive project profile
information and lead options from a plurality of clients and from a
plurality of service providers, a storage device that stores the
project profile and lead options received from each client and each
service provider, and a lead option application. The lead option
application compares the project profile information received from
each client to the project profile information received from each
service provider, generates matching clients and service providers
based upon the comparison of project profile information, and
informs at least one user of a match based upon the lead options
received from at least one of the clients or service providers.
[0014] According to one aspect of the invention, the project
profile information includes an attribute selected from one of the
group of attributes consisting of a project start date, a project
end date, and a project maximum price. Additionally, the lead
options can include a sum of money. Furthermore, the lead option
application can rank the matching clients and service providers
based upon the similarity of the project profile information
received from each.
[0015] According to another embodiment of the invention, there is
disclosed a computer program product for facilitating a real-time
transaction between two or more users, wherein the two or more
users comprise at least one client and at least one service
provider, and wherein the computer program product comprises a
computer readable storage medium having computer readable program
code means embodied in said medium. The computer readable program
code means includes computer instruction means for registering a
first user profile, wherein registering the first user profile
identifies a first user, receiving first project profile
information from the first user, wherein the first project profile
information includes at least one attribute associated with a first
project, and registering a second user profile, wherein registering
the second user profile identifies a second user. Additionally, the
computer readable program code means includes computer instruction
means for receiving second project profile information from the
second user, wherein the second project profile information
includes at least one attribute associated with a second project,
and facilitating a transaction between the first user and the
second user based at least in part upon the first project profile
information, the second project profile information, and lead
option information. The lead option information is received from
the first user, and identifies a preference of the first user for
identifying another user to transact with.
[0016] According to one aspect of the invention, determining if the
second user is available to transact with the first user includes
determining if the second user is available to transact with the
first user based upon the second project profile information.
According to another aspect of the invention, the method further
includes contacting the second user to determine if the user is
immediately available to transact with the first user. Furthermore,
the first user profile can include identification information, and
the at least one attribute may be selected from one of the group
consisting of a start date, an end date, and a maximum price.
Additionally, the lead option information can include a sum of
money, and can be received from the second user.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0017] FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a system of the present
invention, according to one aspect of the present invention.
[0018] FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a Lead Option Engine,
according to one aspect of the present invention.
[0019] FIG. 3 shows a block diagram process flow implemented by a
system of the present invention, according to one aspect of the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0020] The present invention now will be described more fully
hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
preferred embodiments of the invention are shown. This invention
may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be
construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein; rather,
these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be
thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the
invention to those skilled in the art. Like numbers refer to like
elements throughout.
[0021] As will be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art,
the present invention may be embodied as a method, a data
processing system, or a computer program product. Accordingly, the
present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware
embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment
combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present
invention may take the form of a computer program product on a
computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program
code means embodied in the storage medium. Any suitable computer
readable storage medium may be utilized including hard disks,
CD-ROMs, optical storage devices, or magnetic storage devices.
[0022] The present invention is described below with reference to
block diagrams and flowchart illustrations of methods, apparatus
(i.e., systems) and computer program products according to an
embodiment of the invention. It will be understood that each block
of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations
of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations,
respectively, can be implemented by computer program instructions.
These computer program instructions may be loaded onto a general
purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable
data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the
instructions which execute on the computer or other programmable
data processing apparatus create means for implementing the
functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks. These
computer program instructions may also be stored in a
computer-readable memory that can direct a computer or other
programmable data processing apparatus to function in a particular
manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable
memory produce an article of manufacture including instruction
means which implement the function specified in the flowchart block
or blocks. The computer program instructions may also be loaded
onto a computer or other programmable data processing apparatus to
cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer
or other programmable apparatus to produce a computer implemented
process such that the instructions which execute on the computer or
other programmable apparatus provide steps for implementing the
functions specified in the flowchart block or blocks.
[0023] Accordingly, blocks of the block diagrams and flowchart
illustrations support combinations of means for performing the
specified functions, combinations of steps for performing the
specified functions and program instruction means for performing
the specified functions. It will also be understood that each block
of the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, and combinations
of blocks in the block diagrams and flowchart illustrations, can be
implemented by special purpose hardware-based computer systems
which perform the specified functions or steps, or combinations of
special purpose hardware and computer instructions.
[0024] The present invention comprises systems, methods and
computer program products that provide leads to clients and service
providers (collectively referred to herein as users) based upon
project profile information, which identifies compatible users, and
lead information, which is used by the system to prioritize
matches. Leads are referred to herein as the immediate or real-time
identification of a user wishing to transact with a particular
user, where one user is a client, the other user is a service
providers, and wherein both have similar requirements concerning a
type of project, a timeframe for completing the project, project
specifications, user qualifications, and the like.
[0025] Thus, where a client desires a service provider to complete
a project, the client can utilize the system of the present
invention to locate such a provider. Likewise, where a service
provider wishes to locate clients, the service provider can locate
project work in their area of expertise. The lead information
collected by the system of the present invention enables users to
express their desirability for obtaining a match using lead
options, which may be sums of money. Using lead options, the system
of the present invention can prioritize matches such that matches
are awarded to those offering the largest lead option, such as a
sum of money, for a match.
[0026] This will be readily understood with reference to the
following example, which is intended for illustrative purposes
only, and is not implied to limit the type of transactions
facilitated by the present invention. For instance, a carpenter
having a specific skill set may utilize the system of the present
invention to seek projects. In utilizing the system, the carpenter
will be required to purchase lead options to express his
desirability for obtaining a match. Because the invention, as will
be described in detail below, can be implemented to provide a
real-time marketplace for matching service providers and clients,
it should be appreciated that there may be multiple other
carpenters having similar skills and availability, who may
simultaneously seek clients using the present invention. The system
of the present invention can search for and locate clients seeking
carpenters with specific skill availability and similar attributes
identified by the clients. Where the system determines that one
client matches multiple carpenters, based upon attributes input by
the client and carpenters, the system will offer the match to the
carpenter who has the highest value lead option. It will be
appreciated that a similar illustrative scenario can occur where
clients pay lead options for service providers. Thus, the invention
disclosed herein provides for the efficient matching of clients and
service providers to facilitate service transactions, where users
can express their desire for a match using lead options.
[0027] FIG. 1 shows a system 105 of the present invention,
including a Lead Option Engine (LOE) 100 accessible by one or more
clients 110 and one or more service providers 120 having access to
the LOE 100 via communication links 130. The communication links
130 between the LOE 100, clients 110, and service providers 120 are
preferably implemented through one or more communications networks,
such as a private extranet, a public Internet, or a third party
extranet, though it will be recognized by those skilled in the art
that other networks such as a public switch telephone network
(PSTN) may likewise be utilized. In a preferred embodiment, the
communication links 130 are implemented via the Internet using
Internet protocol (IP). Further, the clients 110 and service
provides 120 are preferably implemented by desktop computers
including a web browser application, optionally, with encryption
capability. According to one aspect of the invention, the LOE 100
is accessible by the users through a web page located at an
Internet destination, as is well known in the art. As will be
described below, each client 110 and service provider 120 can
optionally communicate with each other directly without the use of
the LOE 100, as illustrated with dashed lines, once the LOE 100
provides the users with each others' contact information.
[0028] FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the functional components of a
LOE 200 in accordance with one aspect of the present invention. The
LOE 200 includes a processor 210 that communicates with other
elements within the LOE 200 via a system interface or bus 220. A
display device/input device 230, for example, a keyboard or
pointing device in combination with a monitor, is provided for
receiving and outputting data to a user. It will be appreciated
that a user can access and manipulate the LOE 200 directly via an
input device 230 local to the LOE 200, or via an external network
device, such as a computer in communication with the LOE 200 over a
network connection. A memory 240 within the LOE 200 includes an
Authentication Application 245 and a Lead Option Application (LOA)
250. The memory 250 further includes an operating system 260 that
enables execution of the Authentication Application 245 and the LOA
250. A network interface 265 is provided for interfacing with other
elements of an the system, as described in FIG. 1. Lastly, a
storage device 270, such as a hard disk drive, contains files which
are utilized by the Authentication Application 245 and LOA 250 to
effect the methods described herein. In particular, the storage
device 270 comprises a user profile database 280, a lead option
profile database 285, a project profile database 290, a profile and
specification query database 295, and a supplemental features
database 299.
[0029] The function of each component within the illustrative LOE
200 will now be described in detail with reference to the flowchart
of FIG. 3. However, it should be appreciated that each component
within the LOE 200 may be combinable with any other components,
including components within the LOE 200 or components located
external to the LOE 200. Furthermore, some of the LOE 200
components discussed herein could be located entirely outside the
LOE 200. Additionally, one or more of the functions performed by
the components may be performed by a substitute component, or by an
alternative component illustrated in FIG. 2. Therefore, the LOE 200
illustrated in FIG. 2 is not intended to represent the only
possible structure of a LOE of the present invention, but one
illustrative example of a LOE. Finally, it will be appreciated that
the flow charts described below are illustrative embodiments of the
invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention
described above.
[0030] FIG. 3 shows a general flow diagram illustrating the
operation of a system of the present invention. Upon accessing the
LOE 300, a registered user is first subjected to either an
authentication or registration process 305, which is executed by
the Authentication Application 245 in conjunction with the user
profile database 280 and profile and specification query database
295. To Authenticate a user, the Authentication Application 245 can
query the user for an ID and password. The ID and password are
compared against IDs and passwords stored within the user profile
database 280, using conventional techniques, to determine if the
user has previously registered with the LOE 100. If a match is
located, the LOE 100 identifies the user, and the user is
authenticated and allowed to access the LOE 100 without further
identification inputs. Alternatively, this could occur through the
use of cookies stored on a user's computer, such that the
authentication process is transparent to the user.
[0031] Where a user has not been previously registered, and thus
does not have an ID or password, the Authentication Application 245
will query the user for registration information. The registration
information can include identification information, such as name,
address, E-mail address, and telephone number. The registration
information may additionally include payment information, such as a
credit card account number, an E-wallet account, or like billing
information, which may be debited by the system when the user pays
for lead options, which are explained in detail below. The queries
presented to the user may be accessed by the authentication
application 245 from the profile and specification query database
295, which stores queries or questions requiring a user
response.
[0032] According to one aspect of the invention, queries relating
to payment or account information may be presented to the user at a
later time, such as just prior to matches being presented to the
user (e.g., the user may be informed that matches exist, but that a
payment must be made to view the matches). According to one aspect
of the invention, users can pay per match, pay per session, pay for
a subscription, or pay an amount that is equal to a percentage of
the transaction amount (e.g., 1% of the total transaction). The
registration can also include a step whereby a user who has
provided any required identification and payment information can
select an ID and password that is stored by the LOE 100 for use in
identifying the registered user each subsequent time the user
accesses the LOE 200. Finally, after a new user provides the
necessary registration information, a user profile, which includes
the user input registration information, is generated for the user
and stored in the user profile database 280.
[0033] After completing the Authentication or Registration 305, the
user is instructed by the LOA 250 to fill out project profile
information 310. It will be appreciated that this instruction may
be presented to the user on a different web page, or on a different
screen than the registration information. The user may be forwarded
to this screen by clicking on a link, or the user may be
automatically forwarded to the screen after the LOE 200 determines
that the user has completed the registration process. The Project
Profile Information (PPI) collected from users enables the users to
specify the type of service or project they would like completed,
or would like to complete. Therefore, both service providers (those
selling services) and clients (those buying services) are required
to submit PPI. For a client, the PPI describes a specific project
For a vendor, this information describes an ideal type of project.
The PPI is used by the LOE 200 to determine project matches, as
will be explained in detail below.
[0034] To collect PPI from the user, the LOA 250 accesses project
profile queries stored within the profile and specification query
database 295, and presents these queries to the user. It should be
appreciated hereinafter that the profile and specification database
295 can store and provide all queries submitted to users by the LOE
200. A user can respond to the queried using either preselected
answers from a pulldown menu, multiple choice selection, or the
like, or via user input PPI. According to one aspect of the
invention, there are three major subject matter areas covered in
the PPI queries, each of which contributes to the system's accurate
assessment of user projects. These three areas, project parameters,
project description, and organization personality, each contain
multiple queries requiring user response.
[0035] The project parameter queries presented by the LOA 250
attempt to help characterize a particular project based upon a list
of objective project attributes. For example, some of the project
parameter queries include: the estimated hours to completion,
estimated duration (the number of months/weeks to complete the
hours), estimated overall cost of the project, highest cost or the
project, ideal dollar amount for the project, dates available to
the project, project start date, and a project end date. Thus, a
client can indicate parameters that must be met by the potential
pool of service providers in communication with the LOE 200. For
instance, where a client inputs a start date that an otherwise
skillful service provider cannot meet, this criteria can prevent
the LOA 250 from matching that particular service provider and the
client, as described in detail below.
[0036] In addition to project parameters, the user must respond to
project description queries so that the system of the present
invention can accurately determine the type of project a client or
service provider wishes to purchase or sell. To accomplish this,
the LOE 200 presents the users with questions regarding the type of
industry in which the project is best classified, and general and
specific skills required for the project. It is preferred that
users respond to these questions through the use of pull down menus
or lists of pre-determined keywords. However, users can also
utilize user created keywords in order to facilitate project
matching. To facilitate project matching and to assure the quality
of PPI, the LOA 200 can suggest that the user use less keyword
descriptors per profile. A user selecting a high number of
keywords, such as more than a set amount specified by the LOA 250,
can be asked to consider dividing the current profile into multiple
profiles if the profile is in fact a description of several
projects, and not one project. To supplement the information
gathered from the keyword descriptors, users can enter any
additional information, via a text box, relating to the project for
inclusion in the PPI.
[0037] Finally, in compiling accurate PPI, the user has the option
to fill out organization personality information to increase the
effectiveness of the matching algorithm of the LOE 200, which is
described in detail below. This objective information enables a
user to identify those types of entities the user wishes to
transact with. For example, a client may wish to work with only
businesses having 20 or more years of experience, or a service
provider may wish to work with only institutional clients, such as
those having 50 or more employees. The organization personality
queries, again stored within the profile and specification query
database 295 and accessed by the LOA 250, can include questions
concerning: Number of employees, Years in business, Processes used
to perform project, Preferences of high speed, low cost, and high
quality, Financial statements, Certifications, References,
Communication medium preference, and Security requirements.
[0038] After a client responds to each of the above queries 310,
the PPI corresponding to the user will be stored in the project
profile database 290. However, it will be appreciated that answers
to some queries may or may not be required to fully complete the
PPI. For example, a client might enter only and end date for a
project, and no start date where the start data is not a mandatory
field, the LOE 200 will not request that the user complete this
information. On the other hand, some fields, such as type of
industry, might require a response from the user, or the LOE 200
will not allow the user to proceed. The project profile database
290 contains fields that store each, answer to the project profile
queries generated by the profile and specification query database
295 in the form of attributes. It will be appreciated that the LOE
200 compares these attributes to other users attributes in
determining whether a match will be generated. After PPI
information has been completed, a user is required to complete lead
option information 315, which identifies the preference of a user
for obtaining one or more matches.
[0039] The submission of lead option information 315 allows a user
to identify their preference for a match by placing a value on
their desire for a match. According to one aspect of the invention,
lead option information includes lead options, paid for by users,
to obtain one or more matches. However, the LOE 200 will not
require users to pay for leads. As such, the lead option
information will preferably default to a null or zero value, which
does not have to be altered by a user in response to a request by
the LOE 200 to do so. However, the LOE 200 offers user the
opportunity to specify a maximum dollar amount they are willing to
pay for a lead. After matches are determined, as will be explained
in detail below, the lead option information is utilized by the LOA
250 to determine the leads (matches) that will be presented to the
users. More specifically, leads will be awarded to matching PPI in
the following manner: first, by the highest dollar amount (i.e.,
maximum dollar amount for an option) that a user is willing to pay
for a lead, and second, by first come first serve (FIFO) order.
This results a fair and free marketplace.
[0040] The lead option information can also include the number of
leads a clients wishes the LOE 200 to generate. This number can be
set by the client, or by the LOE 200 based upon the type of project
being requested. For instance, someone wishing to have their
kitchen remodeled may be limited to 4 leads. On the other hand, an
organization looking to build a large building may be limited to 15
leads. A service provider providing remodeling may be limited to 20
leads per week based on its size and ability to adequately provide
documented bids to the leads in a reasonable time frame.
Furthermore, in addition to the desired number of leads, a user may
be asked by the LOE 200 to specify a date to start receiving leads
and a date to stop receiving leads. By doing so, the user can set
the lifetime of a lead option. Because the LOE 200 awards leads in
real time, requiring start and stop dates enables users to create a
lead options for later use.
[0041] The LOE 200 of the present invention may also request that
the user indicate a period of time within which they will contact
the lead. This information can also be included in the Lead Option
Information. Where a user does not adhere to this timeframe, the
LOE 200 can make a negative entry in a quality (or reputation)
profile maintained on the user, which can be stored within the user
profile database or in a similar database not illustrated in the
LOE 200 of FIG. 2. This profile may be used by the LOA 250 in
calculating matches. According to another aspect of the present
invention, a user has the option to receive daily notification (via
E-mail) of their place in line to receive leads. To perform this
function, the LOE 200 can perform matching to determine the group
of matching users, and list those users via the maximum price and
date created. Viewing this report can assist the user in deciding
whether to modify the lead option information.
[0042] Finally, the lead option information preferably includes
information pertaining to user credits. According to one aspect of
the present invention, users must set up an account within the LOE
200 by purchasing credits in blocks of a certain amount, for
example $20.00. These credits are then used to pay for leads. The
user may not be allowed to reserve lead option without having
credits. For instance, if a user's lead option has a max price of
$10, and they wish to receive 5 leads, they must have $50 of
credits. The LOE 200 enables users to view the balance of their
credits, purchase additional credits, and see the total possible
amount of credits required for a specific number of leads. Thus,
where user inputs a lead value of 5 dollars, and wishes to receive
7 leads, the LOA 250 will inform the user that 35 credits are
required to receive these leads.
[0043] After the requisite lead option information is completed by
the user 315, the information is stored in a lead option profile
database 285. Alternatively, this information can be stored within
the project profile database 290 or user profile database 280. This
information can thereafter be accessed by the LOA 250 as necessary
to determine leads offered to users. After the lead option
information is completed, the LOA 250 queries the user for
information concerning quality specifications 320. According to one
aspect of the invention, this information is optional, and the user
is not required to respond to these queries. Quality specification
information allows a user to sort quality attributes in the order
of their importance to the project. For instance, one of the
classic choices that must be made when choosing a vendor to
complete project work is prioritizing the following factors: high
speed, low cost, and high quality. Therefore, the LOA 250 may
present these to the user in list form such that the user can rank
these quality specifications in order of their importance.
Furthermore, the LOA 250 may utilize the user's project profile to
specialize the quality specifications presented to the user. For
instance, where a construction project is required, a client may be
presented with selectable construction standards to indicate
quality specifications. When any quality specification data entry
320 is complete, the information is stored within the project
profile database 290 such that the specifications may be accessed
or searched along with a related project profile, and the user has
completed inputting the necessary data into the LOE 200. Therefore,
after the quality specification information is completed, the user
can request that the LOA 250 locate matches 325, which may be
performed by the simple task of clicking on a submit button located
on a page dedicated to the quality specification information.
[0044] The LOE 200 begins the matching of users by parsing the PPI
stored within the project profile database 290 to extract
attributes. Attributes obtained from a service provider PPI will be
compared to the attributes obtained from client PPI, or vice versa,
and a match percentage, as is well known in the art, is calculated
based on this comparison. PPI are considered to be matched if their
match percentage is equal to the minimum match percentage, which
could be set by a user or a LOE 200 administrator to be some
arbitrary value, such as 70%. Therefore, it will be appreciated
that where the match percentage is set lower than 100%, not every
piece of information input by two parties must be identical for the
LOE 200 to determine a match has been made. However, where a user
identifies that certain project profile information is required or
mandatory, such as a client indicating that the client desires only
service providers having 10 years of experience, the LOE 200 will
not perceive a match, regardless of the match percentage, because
the mandatory requirement is not met by the user.
[0045] More specifically, the LOA 250 matching process begins by a
user being queried for a starting minimum match percentage, a step
matching percentage increment, and the number of leads desired.
This information may also be set by the LOE administrator, or may
be automatically set based upon the type of project, or by another
factor, such as the lead option value set by the user. The user
will also set the hereafter, the LOA 250 calculates the number of
matches based upon the minimum match percentage, as described
above. After the number of matches are determined by the LOA 250,
the LOA 250 determines if more matches are available than the
number desired by the user. If there are fewer leads available than
desired by the user, the leads will be distributed to users based
upon the highest price a user is willing to pay for a lead, and the
order will be established by first in first out (FIFO) and quality
specification criteria.
[0046] On the other hand, where the number of leads exceeds the
desired number of leads, the minimum match percentage is increased
by one increment, and the LOA 250 recalculates the number of
matches. Thereafter, the LOA 250 again compares the number of leads
obtained to the number of leads desired to determine if there are
fewer leads returned than requested, and additionally determines
whether an performance tolerance level has been reached. The
performance tolerance levels can include the minimum desired number
of leads, or a price above which a user will obtain leads
regardless of the match percentage. Where performance tolerance
levels have been met, the minimum match percentage is returned to
its previous setting and the leads will be distributed with the
highest maximum price, and the order will be established by first
in first out (FIFO) and quality. Where performance tolerance limits
have not been met, the LOE 200 will determine if there are still
more leads than the number of leads desired. If there are, the
minimum match percentage will be increased by one increment again
and recalculated. This loop will continue until the performance
tolerance levels have been reached.
[0047] The function of the LOA 250 will best be understood with
reference to the following three examples. In a first example, a
user's minimum match percentage may be met such that there are a
higher number of leads (20) than required by the user (5). As a
result, the LOA 250 increases the minimum match percentage by an
increment, such as by 5%. When the minimum match percentage
increases by 5%, the number of leads may drop from 20 to 2.
However, because the user requested 5 leads, the minimum match
percentage will be dropped to 75% so that at least 5 matches will
be returned. Thereafter, leads will be distributed based upon the
highest maximum price, with the order established by first in first
out (FIFO) and quality. Therefore, where 20 other users have
submitted higher value lead options on the same matches, the LOA
250 will indicate that no leads have been located. At this time,
the user can increment his lead options or wait until another match
occurs in which he has a high enough value lead option to be
included in a set of leads to a potential match.
[0048] According to another example, if there are many service
providers with 90% or better matches with maximum lead prices of
$45, and there is one service provider with a 70% match that is
willing to pay $46, service provider's with 90% matches and better
may receive the lead, because the LOA 250 may require a matching
tolerance level For instance, the 70% matching service provider
would have to be willing to pay an amount equal to a matching
tolerance level set, for instance, $10 more than the $45, to
receive a lead. It will be appreciated that the LOA's matching
criteria can therefore balance a service provider's need to obtain
a lead with the quality of match of the service provider's project
profile with that of the client.
[0049] According to third example, a first client has a maximum
lead option price of $15, a second client has a maximum lead option
price of $10, and a third client has a maximum lead option price of
$5. Furthermore, each of the clients have requested only one lead,
and each have submitted PPI that result in matches with the same
service providers. As noted above, the LOA 250 will determine leads
based upon the highest maximum price, where the order will be
established by first in first out (FIFO) and quality. Therefore,
the first lead is awarded to the first client, with the highest
lead option value of $15, the second is awarded to the second
client, with the second highest lead option value of $10, and the
third lead is awarded to the third client, with a lead option value
of $5. According to another aspect of the invention, the LOA 250
can determine the lowest amount paid for a lead, and can award
subsequent leads to users based upon an increment above that lowest
amount, where the users have otherwise have much higher valued lead
options. This promotes use of the system, because people will not
bid in fear that they are bidding too much, and because people will
spend the least amount possible to receive a lead over another
user. For instance, in the above example, where the lead increment
is $1, set by the user or system administrator, the first client
may receive a lead for the lead option price of $7, the second user
may receive a lead for the price of $6, and the third, for $5.
[0050] Once the number of project matches has been determined, the
number of matches and the corresponding percentage match rates are
displayed to the user. Based on this report a user may choose to
modify or change 330 his/her Project Profile Information 310, Lead
Option Information 315, or Quality Specifications 320. If the user
wishes to modify this information, the user is returned to the
requisite page or location at which this information was previously
collected, and the user may change any previous inputs 330. On the
other hand, where the user is satisfied with the match percentage
report, the user can request that the leads be retrieved 335. If
there are leads 340, the LOA 250 will get the leads for the user
345. If there are no leads, the LOA 250 will indicate that no leads
have been found.
[0051] Where no leads are located, a user has the option of
modifying the Lead Option form in order to obtain more leads. A
user also has the option of leaving the user and project profile
information intact, and requesting that the LOE 200 contact the
user at a later time if a lead is located. The LOE 200 can contact
the user utilizing the user's contact information as stored within
the user profile database 280. The user may be shown his position
in the bidding relative to all of the bidders for comparable leads,
and may also be provided an estimate of how long it will take to
get another lead based on historical data. A user will therefore be
best informed as how to increase the maximum cost per lead. If the
maximum cost per lead is changed, a new total maximum cost can be
calculated by the LOA 250 and displayed. The user may also be
presented with input boxes for changing the values of: maximum cost
per lead, maximum number of leads, date to start receiving leads,
and date to stop receiving leads. If the user changes the data in
any of the four fields, he may be required to submit the
information, such as via an update button, to see the effect of the
change on the estimated time it will take to get another lead. If
the user wished to exit the LOE 200, the user's lead option
information and the project profile may be stored within the lead
option profile database 285 and project profile database 290 for
future matching.
[0052] When the LOE 200 has identified all of the available leads
to a user, the user are asked to negotiate with the client/service
provider as soon as possible and keep the LOE 200 informed of the
results. If possible, the client and service provider can negotiate
online immediately via Chat Room or Video Conferencing or a
telephone call. These facilities are made available so that the
users can reach agreement quickly, see Facilitating Communication
below.
[0053] According to one aspect of the invention, the LOE 200 offers
supplemental 25 features to facilitate transactions when a user
wishes to pursue a transaction with a match made by the LOE. These
features include automated E-mail, Quality and Reputation Tracking,
Contract Assistance, Money Transferring Assistance, and Escrow
capability.
[0054] The LOE can automatically E-mail a user when a match is
made. In order to appreciate the benefit of this feature, the
following example, in which a client has received three leads and
has exited the LOE, will be considered. In this example, the LOE
may immediately send the client an E-mail that confirms the three
leads they received, and the three service providers (leads) will
also be sent immediate E-mails informing them that their contact
information was provided to a client and that they should hear from
the client shortly. At the same time, E-mails can be scheduled for
a set time period, such as two days, after execution of the leads.
These E-mails are sent to both the client and the service providers
asking questions about the responsiveness and good faith of all of
the parties involved. All of the recipients are also asked whether
they have concluded negotiations and reached agreement with the
lead/s because of using the LOE.
[0055] If no agreement has been reached, they will receive another
E-mail asking whether the negotiations failed and will not succeed.
If they failed, the record is closed. If they are still
negotiating, another E-mail is scheduled for five days (a parameter
that can be set by the user or LOE administrator) later which asks
for a status from all of the parties. Answers to the status E-mail
will be processed and stored but no further action will be taken.
If any of the leads resulted in successful negotiations between a
client and a service provider, the client and service provider will
be sent E-mails asking a set of quality related questions. Their
answers will be processed and stored for use in the quality and
reputation tracking process.
[0056] The client might not close a deal with all of the leads.
Service providers that are not included in a deal using the LOE
contract assistance option are still valuable prospective leads for
other clients. The LOE will analyze the results to determine if
they should receive a "Sorry" E-mail and quality related questions
about the process. If the user only wishes to conduct business with
one lead, the "Sorry" E-mails will be sent. But sometimes the user
may wish to conduct business with more than one lead. Checks will
be made to determine if they have already been sent a set of
questions about the process. If the first set of scheduled Emails
have not been sent they will be deleted. Any service provider that
is still on the "active list" will be sent an Email asking their
opinions about the quality of the process and the client
[0057] Quality/Reputation Tracking is another supplemental feature
that may be offered by the systems, methods and computer program
products of the present invention. Quality measurement and tracking
is achieved through asking respondents a set of questions about a
performer. This is accomplished using the Automated Email process
described above. The questions may be about responsiveness, good
faith negotiation and other attributes that affect the quality and
value of the leads produced by the Lead Option Engine. Several
factors can be considered when a score is produced, such as the
Respondent, The Performer, The Quality Type, The Questions Asked,
The Answers Received, The Raw Score, The Weighting Factor, as well
as other data, such as adherence to the terms and conditions of the
LOE. The resulting quality can be included in clients and service
providers profiles that will be available to future users wishing
to conduct business with the clients and service providers. Should
a user be given poor quality scores by users of good reputations,
the customer service department, may at its discretion contact the
user and suspend their use of the LOE system for a defined period
of time.
[0058] According to yet another aspect of the invention, the LOE
can facilitate communications among multiple users where the users
are currently accessible online. For instance, after viewing lead
contact information, the LOE can establish if any of the user's
leads are currently online, and ask the user if they would like to
communicate with any of the leads currently online. Three methods
of instant communication, private chat rooms, videoconference, and
telephone calls, are supported by the LOE. The LOE provides private
chat rooms for its users to meet one another to discuss relevant
items pertaining to the current project and to negotiate an
agreement (contract). The LOE can assure the security of these chat
rooms. When a user requests a private chat room they will become
the administrator of that room and will have the ability to grant
or deny access to other LOE users. This service will use standard
Chat Room software that is in use on the Internet. It will be made
available through the LOE web servers. An alternative to the chat
room is the videoconference. The LOE will provide users with back
end capability to meet in cyberspace using videoconference
technology. This option is available to users who have the required
hardware and software. This service will use standard
videoconference software that is in use on the Internet.
[0059] Yet another supplemental feature of the LOE is the ability
to provide contract assistance to clients and service providers by
providing online collections of industry specific contract samples
that users can copy to facilitate making their deals. Secure
storage capability for the final contracts that the clients and
service providers have finalized. Secure retrieval capability of
the contracts that have been stored in case of a dispute later.
[0060] Additionally, the LOE provides a facility online for the
transfer of funds between the client, the service provider and the
LOE. This optional service will include transfer of funds via
several methods including: Credit Cards, Debit Cards, Checks, Check
by Phone, Wire Transfers, Internet money. Money will be able to be
transferred once or according to a schedule. Furthermore, clients
and service providers may wish to have a third party company hold
money in escrow during the length of their contract. Clients and
service providers will be able to contact various third parties
immediately on-line, or via other communications means.
[0061] According to one alternative embodiment of the present
invention, the systems, methods and computer program products
disclosed herein can be implemented as a brokering engine deployed
for use by a multitude of LOE marketplaces, such as those on the
world wide web. Because many sites use and implement marketplaces,
a marketplace would be helpful where overflow and market-to-market
transactions can occur. The LOE of the present invention can supply
the solution. For instance, if a construction LOE marketplace has
too many clients seeking to have a service provider redo their
kitchens, and there aren't enough service providers in the
marketplace to take the work, the marketplace can utilize a global
LOE to transact with other LOE marketplaces, thereby finding
service providers to take up overflow work. This would likewise
work where there is an overabundance of service providers rather
than clients. This global LOE is advantageous because marketplaces
normally competing for the business of their users, and thus, don't
typically create systems to communicate. The LOE of the present
invention may enable instant communications among the various
marketplaces to ensure as many transactions are processed as
possible. This global marketplace, or members only marketplace,
will therefore allow client marketplaces to search other client
marketplaces for qualified transactions for their users.
Transaction fees, and other associated monetary transactions can
automatically be managed by the members only marketplace according
to a set of parameters. For example, according to one aspect of the
invention, commissions and transaction fees can be automatically
split among various marketplaces.
[0062] Thus, the systems, methods and computer program products of
the present invention offer a number of advantages. For instance,
because the LOE provides leads on only those service providers and
customers who are prepared to transact, and who meet each other's
criteria (e.g., project completion date), a service deal using the
present invention can be closed in a matter of minutes.
Furthermore, the present invention offers a fair marketplace by
allowing any entity to compete for service providers or clients.
Accordingly, the LOE provides a marketplace that creates a long
term solution where participants can quickly and comfortably
transact business and return for repeat use. This is clearly
differentiated from other matching engines, which may result in
thousands of matches, and do not offer checks on availability or
qualifications. An LOE according to the present invention also
provides for quality, speed and cost preferences, as well as
organizational requirements. Therefore, the LOE provides only
matches that are desired, and none that are not desired based on
the project profile and organization profile. Finally, the present
invention provides natural incentives for service providers to
respond quickly to potential clients because money is invested in
each lead, others may have potentially received the same lead, and
the service providers may be evaluated
[0063] Many modifications and other embodiments of the invention
will come to mind to one skilled in the art to which this invention
pertains having the benefit of the teachings presented in the
foregoing descriptions and the associated drawings. Therefore, it
is to be understood that the invention is not to be limited to the
specific embodiments disclosed and that modifications and other
embodiments are intended to be included within the scope of the
appended claims. Although specific terms are employed herein, they
are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for
purposes of limitation.
* * * * *