U.S. patent application number 11/809079 was filed with the patent office on 2007-10-11 for air-powered low interface pressure support surface.
Invention is credited to Joseph Benedict, Richard W. Raburn, Wanda J. Totton, Russell J. Weston.
Application Number | 20070234481 11/809079 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 22817744 |
Filed Date | 2007-10-11 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070234481 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Totton; Wanda J. ; et
al. |
October 11, 2007 |
Air-powered low interface pressure support surface
Abstract
An air inflatable mattress and mattress coverlet are provided
for the prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers (i.e.,
pressure sores or bedsores). The mattress incorporates a user
selectable static or alternating air powered support surface for
more uniformly redistributing pressure exerted on a patient's skin.
The mattress coverlet encompasses a low air loss feature
independent of the mattress's user selectable air powered support
surface. Such low air loss feature provides a patient contact
surface exhibiting a high moisture vapor transfer ratio in
conjunction with a forced air flow to aid in reducing the moisture
and heat near the patient's body. Both the mattress and mattress
coverlet are driven by an external control system which houses the
user controls, as well as the necessary pumps, regulators, and
valving.
Inventors: |
Totton; Wanda J.; (Greer,
SC) ; Raburn; Richard W.; (Simpsonville, SC) ;
Weston; Russell J.; (Greer, SC) ; Benedict;
Joseph; (Mauldin, SC) |
Correspondence
Address: |
DORITY & MANNING, P.A.
POST OFFICE BOX 1449
GREENVILLE
SC
29602-1449
US
|
Family ID: |
22817744 |
Appl. No.: |
11/809079 |
Filed: |
May 31, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
10929311 |
Aug 30, 2004 |
|
|
|
11809079 |
May 31, 2007 |
|
|
|
09907954 |
Jul 18, 2001 |
6782574 |
|
|
10929311 |
Aug 30, 2004 |
|
|
|
60219074 |
Jul 18, 2000 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
5/714 ;
5/713 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A47C 21/044 20130101;
A61G 7/05784 20161101; A47C 27/006 20130101; A47C 27/10 20130101;
A47C 27/007 20130101; A61G 7/05792 20161101; A61G 7/05776 20130101;
A61G 7/05769 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
005/714 ;
005/713 |
International
Class: |
A47C 27/10 20060101
A47C027/10; A47C 27/18 20060101 A47C027/18 |
Claims
1. A patient support system for the prevention and treatment of
decubitus ulcers, said patient support system comprising: a foam
shell defining an internal cavity for housing a plurality of air
cells; a plurality of air cells housed in said foam shell internal
cavity; a multi-layer mattress coverlet, said coverlet providing a
low air loss feature and encasing said foam shell; and an external
control system for driving said plurality of air cells and for
respectively and selectively powering said low air loss feature of
said multi-layer mattress coverlet by selectively providing a
continuous airflow therethrough.
2. A patient support system as set forth in claim 1, wherein: said
plurality of air cells are oriented from side-to-side within said
foam shell; and wherein said foam shell is a multi-piece foam shell
comprising a foam shell topper, foam bolsters, a foam header, and a
foam footer.
3. A patient support system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said
multi-layer mattress coverlet comprises three layers.
4. A patient support system as set forth in claim 3, wherein: said
three layers of said multi-layer mattress coverlet comprise: a
first layer of a high moisture vapor transfer ratio material; a
middle layer of a non-crushable, three-dimensional fabric; and a
third layer of a water-proof, vapor-impermeable material; and
further wherein said continuous airflow provided by said external
control system through said multi-layer mattress coverlet comprises
an airflow selectively provided by said external control system
through said lower layer of said mattress coverlet.
5. A patient support system as set forth in claim 4, wherein said
third layer further forms a zippered sheath for encasing said foam
shell and said air cells housed in said internal cavity
thereof.
6. A patient support system as set forth in claim 5, wherein said
first and said third layers are welded together about generally
their entire periphery and are spot welded in a plurality of
locations to control billowing thereof.
7. A patient support system as set forth in claim 4, wherein said
first layer is perforated to enhance said high moisture vapor
transfer rate.
8. A patient support system as set forth in claim 1, wherein said
external control system is a fully self-contained unit for
providing inflationary airflows to said air cells and respectively
and selectively to said mattress coverlet.
9. A patient support system as set forth in claim 8, wherein said
external control system houses a plurality of pumps for
respectively providing said inflationary airflows.
10. A patient support system as set forth in claim 9, wherein said
plurality of pumps operate independently so as to allow alternate
or simultaneous use of said air cells and respective selective use
of said low air loss feature of said mattress coverlet.
11. A multi-layered low air loss mattress coverlet for the
prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers, said coverlet
comprising: a first layer of a material with a high moisture vapor
transfer rate; a middle layer of a non-crushable three-dimensional
fabric material; a third layer of a material that is water-proof
and vapor-impermeable; and an external airflow source selectively
providing an airflow through said middle layer to remove warm moist
air from around said coverlet's contact points with a patient.
12. A low air loss mattress coverlet as set forth in claim 11,
wherein said mattress coverlet may be modularly applied to various
patient support surfaces including mattresses, wheelchair/seating
cushions, and/or patient positioners.
13. A low air loss mattress coverlet as set forth in claim 11,
wherein said external airflow source comprises an external control
system that is a fully self-contained unit for providing
inflationary airflows to said multi-layered low air loss mattress
coverlet.
14. A patient support system for the prevention and treatment of
decubitus ulcers, said patient support system comprising: a foam
shell defining an internal cavity; a plurality of air cells housed
in said foam shell internal cavity; a multi-layer mattress
coverlet, said coverlet providing a low air loss feature and
encasing said foam shell; and an external control system, wherein
said external control system comprises a fully self-contained unit
for selectively providing inflationary airflows to said air cells
and respectively to at least one layer of said multi-layer of said
mattress coverlet.
15. A patient support system as set forth in claim 14, wherein said
external control system houses a plurality of pumps for selectively
providing said inflationary airflows.
16. A patient support system as set forth in claim 15, wherein said
plurality of pumps operate independently so as to allow alternate
or simultaneous use of said air cells and said low air loss feature
of said mattress coverlet.
17. A patient support system for the prevention and treatment of
decubitus ulcers, said patient support system comprising: a foam
shell defining an internal cavity; a plurality of air cells housed
in said foam shell internal cavity; a multi-layer mattress coverlet
comprising a first layer of a high moisture vapor transfer ratio
material, a middle layer of a non-crushable, three-dimensional
fabric and a third layer of a water-proof, vapor-impermeable
material; and an external control system wherein said external
control system selectively provides a continuous stream of air to
said middle layer of said multi-layer mattress coverlet so as to
selectively drive a low air loss feature provided by such stream of
air flowing through said multi-layer mattress coverlet.
18. A patient support system as set forth in claim 17, wherein:
said plurality of air cells are oriented from side-to-side within
said foam shell; and wherein said foam shell is a multi-piece foam
shell comprising foam bolsters, a foam header, and a foam
footer.
19. A patient support system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said
first and said third layers are welded together about generally
their entire periphery and are spot welded in a plurality of
locations to control billowing of such first and third layers.
20. A patient support system as set forth in claim 17, wherein said
external control drives inflationary airflows to said air cells,
and further wherein said external control system houses a plurality
of pumps for selectively providing said inflationary airflows.
21. An air-powered low interface pressure support surface
apparatus, for the prevention and treatment of decubitus ulcers,
said apparatus comprising: an air inflatable mattress having an air
powered support surface for more uniformly redistributing pressure
exerted on the skin of a patient received on said apparatus; a
mattress coverlet encompassing a low air loss feature which
provides a patient contact surface interface exhibiting a high
moisture vapor transfer ratio in conjunction with a forced air flow
to aid in reducing ambient moisture and heat near the body of a
patient received on said apparatus; and an external control system
for respectively driving both said air powered support surface of
said mattress and said low air loss feature of said mattress
coverlet.
22. An air-powered low interface pressure support surface apparatus
as set forth in claim 21, wherein drive of said air powered support
surface of said mattress is user selectable between one of a static
mode and an alternating mode.
23. An air-powered low interface pressure support surface apparatus
as set forth in claim 22, wherein said external control system
houses user controls for said user selectable drive of said air
powered support surface of said mattress, and further houses air
pumps, regulators, and valving for said respective drive of said
air powered support surface of said mattress and said low air loss
feature of said mattress coverlet.
24. An air-powered low interface pressure support surface apparatus
as set forth in claim 21, wherein drive of said low air loss
feature of said mattress coverlet is independent of drive of said
air powered support surface of said mattress.
Description
PRIORITY CLAIM
[0001] This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application
Ser. No. 10/929,311 filed Aug. 30, 2004 entitled "AIR-POWERED LOW
INTERFACE PRESSURE SUPPORT SURFACE", which in turn is a
continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 09/907,954 filed
Jul. 18, 2001 entitled "AIR-POWERED LOW INTERFACE PRESSURE SUPPORT
SURFACE", and now U.S. Pat. No. 6,782,574, which in turn claimed
benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/219,074, filed Jul.
18, 2000, all of which are incorporated herein by reference for all
purposes.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] This invention generally relates to mattresses and mattress
coverlets for preventing, reducing, and/or treating decubitus
ulcers, also known as pressure sores or bedsores. More
particularly, this invention concerns therapeutic mattresses or
mattress coverlets capable of transferring or dissipating moisture
vapor and heat from a patient's skin.
[0003] Often, patients that are bedridden or immobile can develop
decubitus ulcers (pressure sores or bedsores). Such ulcers are
often caused by pressure, friction, shear, moisture, and heat.
Pressure results in a reduction of blood flow to the soft tissues
of the body, particularly the skin. Continuous lack of blood flow,
and the resultant lack of oxygen, can cause the skin to die and
ulcers or sores to form. Friction and shear of the skin against the
support surface can lead to skin tears and decubitus ulcers.
Moisture and heat may lead to skin maceration. Other factors play a
part in determining the speed with which such ulcers will form or
heal including the overall health of the patient and such patient's
nutritional status.
[0004] To insure normal (or, at least, relatively improved) blood
flow to such areas of potentially problematic contact, patients are
often turned or repositioned regularly by medical personnel.
Turning or repositioning of patients, however, is not always
possible, particularly where trained medical staff are not
available. Additionally, repositioning can be painful and
disruptive for the patient. In an effort to overcome such
difficulties, numerous mattresses and mattress coverlets have been
developed to more evenly distribute, across the patient's skin, the
pressure generated by the weight of the body. At least two methods
have been used to redistribute skin pressure. The first is the use
of static supports such as foam, air or water mattresses. The
second method involves the use of alternating pressure inflatable
mattresses or mattress coverlets that dynamically shift the
location of support under the patient. Two examples of alternating
pressure inflatable surfaces are illustrated in U.S. Pat. Nos.
5,509,155 and 5,926,884, the disclosures of which are fully
incorporated herein by reference.
[0005] In addition to such two methods of redistribution of skin
pressure, an additional feature has been utilized to help address
other of the aforementioned factors important to the healing
process. In particular, a low air loss feature has been used to aid
in the removal of both moisture vapor and heat thereby reducing
both at the patient-bed boundary. This has been done in an effort
to prevent skin maceration, keep wounds dry and to promote
healing.
[0006] There have been essentially three approaches to achieving a
low air loss support surface. First, relatively tiny holes can be
provided in the top surface of inflatable air cells of an air
mattress having a vapor-permeable top surface. Such holes allow
extra air to circulate inside the mattress to assist in drying
moisture vapor passing through the top surface from the
patient.
[0007] Second, relatively tiny holes can be provided in the top
surface of the mattress so that the air venting from the air cells
can transfer through the top surface to the patient in order to
remove both heat and moisture from the area immediately surrounding
the patient.
[0008] Finally, a multi-layer mattress coverlet can be used wherein
the top layer is perforated to allow air flowing between the top
layer and a middle vapor-permeable layer to exhaust across the
patient thus aiding in removing both moisture and heat from the
area immediately surrounding the patient. The third layer of such a
three-layer approach may be a three-dimensional fabric, which
allows for additional moisture vapor to be carried away from the
patient.
[0009] While each of these approaches is useful for its purpose,
there are various disadvantages with these approaches and in
particular, with using them individually. The first and second
referenced approaches to obtaining a low air loss feature requires
a large compressor pump to maintain sufficient air to inflate the
air cells of the mattress. Such large compressor pumps tend to be
very noisy, require high electrical consumption and generate
significant heat in a relatively confined area. Such high
electrical consumption, and the additional need for continuous
blower operation, has, in the past, resulted in over-heating of the
air used to circulate about the patient. Conversely, in the case of
an elderly patient, airflow directly across their body could result
in an uncomfortable reduction in body temperature or even a drying
out of the skin beyond that which is helpful.
[0010] Additionally, having holes in air cells of an inflatable air
system results in a support surface that will deflate if there is a
loss of electrical power or if no such power supply is available.
Further, having perforations in the patient-bed contact surface
results in a mattress that is not fluid-proof. This allows for
potential contamination of the interior of such mattress by bodily
fluids, products used to treat the patient and/or products used to
clean such mattress itself. All three referenced approaches fail to
allow air to flow under load (i.e., underneath the patient or
through the top surface to the patient's skin when supporting the
weight of the patient).
[0011] Similarly, some prior art mattresses and mattress coverlets
have had difficulty in controlling billowing. Billowing is the
uncontrolled inflation of the upper surface of a mattress or
mattress coverlet in the area immediately surrounding the outline
of a patient's body when the patient lies on the mattress. In
essence, the mattress or mattress coverlet fails to fully support a
patient and instead seemingly envelops them when the patient's
weight is applied thereto. Thus further illustrating the failure of
some prior mattresses and/or mattress coverlets to fully support
the patient and thus resulting in the air flow through the
mattress, mattress top layer, or through the coverlet (i.e., the
three aforementioned approaches) to flow around the patient, rather
than flowing underneath the patient to aid in controlling moisture
and heat.
[0012] With all of the above approaches, it is further unknown to
have the capability to turn on or off the low air loss option while
retaining through the use of powered air cells the redistribution
of skin pressure feature of the mattresses or mattress coverlets.
If a low air loss therapy is not desired, a different system must
be utilized with an alternative controller and air cell array.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The present invention recognizes and addresses various of
the foregoing limitations and drawbacks, and others, concerning the
prevention and/or treatment of decubitus ulcers. It is, therefore,
a principle object of the subject invention to provide an improved
mattress and/or mattress coverlet for use in the prevention and
treatment of decubitus ulcers. More particularly, it is a principle
object of the subject invention to provide a mattress and/or
mattress coverlet incorporating an air circulation system that does
not exhaust its air directly across the patient.
[0014] Another more particular object of the subject invention is
to provide a new air flotation mattress and/or mattress coverlet
including a low air loss feature. In such context, it is a further
object to provide a mattress and/or mattress coverlet wherein the
low air loss feature can be turned on or off as desired for the
treatment of the patient, independently of how the basic patient
support surface is operated.
[0015] It is still a further object of the present invention to
provide a mattress and/or mattress coverlet including a
three-dimensional non-crush fabric to allow for the airflow of such
a low air loss feature to flow under load.
[0016] Another general object of the subject invention is to
provide a mattress capable of selectively providing either an
alternating pressure inflatable support or a floatation support for
the redistribution of skin pressure.
[0017] It is still a further object of the subject invention to
provide a self contained external control system (ECS) including at
least two pumps which are required to respectively maintain both
the inflation of the mattress support and, if desired, the low air
loss feature of the mattress coverlet. In such context, it is a
further object of the present invention to provide a mattress or
mattress coverlet capable of maintaining inflation of the patient
support surface during a loss or unavailability of electrical
power.
[0018] Another object of the present invention is to provide an
independently usable low air loss coverlet, which may be combined
with various support scenarios, such as with preexisting mattress
support systems, patient positioners, and/or wheelchair/seating
cushions (as a retrofit or as original equipment combined with a
prior design), regardless of whether such prior systems incorporate
an air powered patient support surface.
[0019] Additional objects and advantages of the invention are set
forth in, or will be apparent to those with ordinary skill in the
art from the detailed description herein. Also, it should be
further appreciated that modifications and variation to the
specifically illustrated, referenced, and discussed features,
materials, or devices hereof may be practiced in various uses and
embodiments of this invention without departing from the spirit and
scope thereof, by virtue of present reference thereto. Such
variations may include, but are not limited to, substitution of
equivalent materials, means, or features for those shown,
referenced or discussed, and the functional, operational, or
positional reversal of various features, parts or the like.
[0020] Still further, it is to be understood that different
embodiments, as well as different presently preferred embodiments,
of this invention may include various combinations or
configurations of presently disclosed features, or elements, or
their equivalents (including combinations of features or
configurations thereof not expressly shown in the figures or stated
in the detailed description).
[0021] One exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes
an air flotation mattress with an ECS. The support surface of such
air flotation mattress may include a foam shell with a surface
treatment on its upper surface. An exemplary GEO-MATT.RTM. surface
treatment is illustrated in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 4,862,538,
which is fully incorporated herein by reference. Such surface
treatment aids in redistributing skin pressure. Additionally, the
air floatation mattress includes a plurality of air cells running
side-to-side providing the ability to sub-divide the mattress
support into pre-designated zones.
[0022] Included with such an exemplary air flotation mattress may
be a low air loss coverlet in accordance with the subject
invention. Such air flotation mattress serves as the primary
support surface offering both a flotation and alternating pressure
treatment option. Such low air loss coverlet provides an option to
enhance the process of removing moist warm air from the area around
the skin of the patient. It achieves such function by employing a
patient-contact fabric top layer possessing a high moisture vapor
transfer ratio enhanced by airflow through an inner layer of the
coverlet.
[0023] Such a mattress coverlet preferably comprises three layers.
The first layer (on the top, facing the patient interface) is a
vapor permeable layer, which allows moisture vapor and heat to
travel away from the patient's body. Such moisture vapor enters the
second layer, which may comprise a non-crush three-dimensional
fabric, such as a specialty knit. The ECS forces air through the
second (i.e., middle) layer to aid in carrying away the warm moist
air. The final layer of such mattress coverlet (furthest from the
patient interface) is a waterproof, vapor impermeable layer that
acts as a boundary to protect the underlying mattress.
[0024] The mattress coverlet's third layer may additionally
comprise a coverlet-mattress topper such as a zippered sheath for
encasing a mattress. Such construction advantageously enables the
coverlet to effectively function with any mattress and not just the
air flotation mattress as disclosed herein. Accordingly, various
embodiments of the subject invention may comprise a mattress
coverlet in accordance with the subject invention, combined with a
variety of underlying patient support surfaces, including a
mattress, patient positioner, and/or wheelchair/seating cushion
(regardless of whether pre-existing, disclosed herewith, or later
developed).
[0025] Yet another exemplary embodiment of the present invention
includes an air flotation mattress with an ECS. The air flotation
mattress includes a plurality of air cells running head-to-foot. A
foam shell topper with foam bolsters and foam sides running the
length of the mattress on either side forms the air flotation
mattress. At each end of the air flotation mattress and capping the
foam bolsters and sides is either a foam header or foam footer,
which along with the bolsters form a cavity in the mattress. This
cavity is for positioning of the air cells.
[0026] Included with such an exemplary air flotation mattress may
be a low air loss coverlet in accordance with the subject
invention. Such air flotation mattress serves as the primary
patient support surface. Such low air loss coverlet provides an
option to enhance the process of removing moist warm air from the
area around the skin of the patient. It achieves such function by
employing a patient-contact fabric top layer possessing a high
moisture vapor transfer ratio enhanced by airflow through an inner
layer of the coverlet.
[0027] Such a mattress coverlet preferably comprises two layers.
The first layer (on the top, facing the patient interface) is a
vapor permeable layer, which allows moisture vapor and heat to
travel away from the patient's body. Such moisture vapor enters the
second layer, which may comprise a non-crush three-dimensional
fabric. The ECS forces air through the second layer of such
mattress coverlet to aid in carrying away the warm moist air.
[0028] The air floatation mattress additionally comprises a
multi-layer mattress topper comprising three layers. The first
layer of such multi-layer mattress topper (adjacent such a mattress
coverlet) is a waterproof, vapor impermeable layer that performs as
a boundary to protect the underlying mattress. The second layer may
comprise a non-crush three-dimensional fabric. The ECS forces air
through the second (i.e., middle) layer in addition to providing
airflow through the second layer of such a companion low air loss
mattress coverlet.
[0029] The multi-layer mattress topper's third layer may comprise a
waterproof, vapor impermeable layer that performs as a boundary to
protect the underlying mattress. The topper's third layer serves as
the basis for a zippered sheath for encasing such a foam-based
portion of the mattress. The multi-layer mattress topper's first
and third layers are welded around their perimeter so as to secure
their construction.
[0030] Similarly, the two layers of such a coverlet are sewn
together around their perimeter and may utilize an elasticized band
there-around for securing the coverlet to the mattress. Such
construction advantageously enables the coverlet to effectively
function with any mattress and not just the air flotation mattress
as disclosed herein. Accordingly, various embodiments of the
subject invention may comprise a mattress coverlet in accordance
with the subject invention, combined with a variety of underlying
patient support surfaces, including a mattress, patient positioner,
and/or wheelchair/seating cushion (regardless of whether
pre-existing, disclosed herewith, or later developed).
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0031] A full and enabling disclosure of the present invention,
including the best mode thereof, directed to one of ordinary skill
in the art, is set forth in the specification, which makes
reference to the appended figures, in which:
[0032] FIG. 1 is a bottom elevational view of an exemplary air
flotation mattress in accordance with the subject invention with
exemplary foam bolsters, sides, header, and footer, and individual
air cell features of such exemplary mattress running
side-to-side;
[0033] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary air
flotation mattress shown in FIG. 1, taken along line A-A in FIG. 1,
illustrating an exemplary foam shell topper (20) with a specific
surface treatment, a foam header and footer, and including a foam
block with a hole there-through for connection of air passageways
to the exemplary air cells of the mattress;
[0034] FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary air
flotation mattress shown in FIG. 1, taken along line B-B in FIG. 1,
illustrating the construction of an exemplary foam shell of the
mattress including an exemplary foam shell topper (20), bolsters
and sides.
[0035] FIG. 4 is a top elevational view of the construction of an
exemplary mattress coverlet showing numerous spot welds used in
accordance with the subject invention to aid in the prevention of
billowing, and showing exemplary air exhaust ports that provide an
exit for the air flowing through the mattress coverlet during low
air loss operation;
[0036] FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary air
flotation mattress shown in FIG. 1, taken along line A-A in FIG. 1,
showing an exemplary three-layer mattress coverlet in accordance
with the subject invention and otherwise illustrating exemplary
foam shell topper (20), header and footer, and air cells of the
mattress;
[0037] FIG. 6 is a schematic view of exemplary air flotation
mattress air cell zones and the ECS which controls their
inflation/deflation, and which in accordance with the subject
invention separately provides for independent operation of the
subject low air loss feature;
[0038] FIG. 7 is a schematic view of an exemplary arrangement of
air flotation mattress air cells and their respective inflation
tubing;
[0039] FIG. 8 is an exemplary internal schematic view of an ECS in
accordance with the subject invention showing the two exemplary
pumps used to respectively provide air for the air flotation
mattress and the mattress coverlet, and showing an exemplary rotary
valve which may be practiced in accordance with the subject
invention;
[0040] FIG. 9 is an external view of an exemplary ECS showing
exemplary hanging hooks and rubber feet for supporting the ECS
respectively on either the bedframe or the floor, as well as
exemplary connection points for air flow passageways;
[0041] FIG. 10 is a bottom elevational view of an exemplary air
flotation mattress in accordance with the subject invention with
exemplary foam bolsters, sides, header, and footer, and individual
air cell features of such exemplary mattress running head-to-foot;
and
[0042] FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the exemplary air
flotation mattress shown in FIG. 10, taken along line C-C in FIG.
10, showing an exemplary multi-layer mattress coverlet and a
multi-layer mattress topper in accordance with the subject
invention and otherwise illustrating an exemplary foam shell topper
(20), header and footer, and such head-to-foot air cells of the
mattress
[0043] Repeat use of reference characters throughout the present
specification and appended drawings is intended to represent same
or analogous features, aspects, or elements of the invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0044] Reference will now be made in detail to a presently
preferred embodiment of the invention, an example of which is
discussed in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Such
example is provided by way of an explanation of the invention, not
limitation thereof. In fact, it will be apparent to those skilled
in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in
the present invention, without departing from the spirit and scope
thereof. For instance, features illustrated or described as part of
one embodiment can be used on or in another embodiment to yield a
still further embodiment. Still further, variations in selection of
materials and/or characteristics may be practiced, to satisfy
particular desired user criteria. Thus, it is intended that the
present invention cover such modifications and variations as come
within the scope of the present features and their equivalents.
[0045] As referenced above, the present invention is particularly
concerned with, in exemplary broad terms, an air flotation mattress
100 and mattress coverlet 200 for the prevention and treatment of
decubitus ulcers (pressure sores and bedsores). The air flotation
mattress 100 provides a user selectable flotation or alternating
pressure support surface. The mattress coverlet 200 provides a low
air loss feature that can be turned on or off as desired by the
user (here, broadly referencing a patient or person resting on such
coverlet and/or a caregiver therefore).
[0046] As shown in the bottom elevational view of FIG. 1, the air
flotation mattress 100 is formed by a foam shell topper 20 (best
seen in FIGS. 2 and 3) with foam bolsters 22 and foam sides 24
running the length of the mattress 100 on either side. At the
respective ends of the air flotation mattress 100 and capping the
foam bolsters and sides 22 and 24, respectively, are a foam header
26 and foam footer 28, which along with the bolsters 22 form a
cavity in the mattress 100. This cavity is for positioning of air
cells, such as the exemplary grouped (i.e., zoned) air cells 30,
32, 34 and 36.
[0047] The cavity formed by the foam bolsters 22, header 26, and
footer 28, contains the air cells 30, 32, 34 and 34. The air cells
30, 32, 34, and 36 are essentially inflatable air bladders
connected directly to an external control system 300 via
passageways 76, 78, and 80 (see FIGS. 6 and 7 and corresponding
discussion) for their inflation/deflation. Such air cells 30, 32,
34, and 36 may be operated to provide the primary support surface
for the patient.
[0048] There are twelve exemplary air cells 30, 32, 34 and 36.
Other numbers thereof (or none at all) may be practiced in various
embodiments of the subject invention. Such air cells 30, 32, 34,
and 36 are divided into four separate zones. The first exemplary
zone (hereinafter the head zone) comprises three air cells 30 each
of which may be maintained in an equal state of inflation/deflation
relative to each other. The second exemplary zone (hereinafter the
foot zone) comprises three air cells 36 each of which may be
maintained in an equal state of inflation/deflation relative to
each other.
[0049] Exemplary zones three and four together (all of the
remaining cells) comprise the central or torso zone. Each of zones
three and four comprise an alternating set of three air cells 32
and 34, respectively, within the torso zone. The torso zone (i.e.,
all six air cells 32 and 34) may be maintained at an equal state of
inflation/deflation. As part of the capability of air flotation
mattress 100 to provide alternating pressure support, zones three
and four can alternate between specific states of
inflation/deflation, thus dynamically changing the location of the
support for the patient's torso. As part of the ECS 300, a firmness
control may be provided which allows the user to specify the level
of inflation of the air cells 30, 32, 34, and 36 both during the
flotation and alternating pressure support treatment cycles.
[0050] As represented to those of ordinary skill in the art by the
cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, the foam shell topper 20 of such
air flotation mattress 100 may have on its upper surface 38 a
GEO-MATT.RTM. surface treatment to aid in redistributing skin
pressure. The bottom surface 40 of such foam shell topper 20 may be
cut to provide predetermined ridges 42 running side-to-side to act
as retainers for such air flotation mattress respective air cells
30, 32, 34 and 36.
[0051] In order for the mechanical connections between the ECS 300
and both the mattress 100 and mattress coverlet 200 to be made an
exemplary foam block 44 with a hole there-through may be located at
the end of one foam bolster and side 22 and 24, respectively.
[0052] As best seen in the cross-sectional views of FIGS. 2 and 3,
the foam shell topper 20 extends across almost the entire width and
substantially the entire length of such mattress 100. The foam
shell topper's 20 width extends from each foam side 24. Similarly,
the topper's 20 length is terminated only by the foam header 26 and
the foam footer 28. The bolsters 22 act as both supports for the
connection between the topper 20 and the sides 24 and as retainers
for the air cells 30, 32, 34, and 36.
[0053] The exemplary mattress coverlet 200 is comprised of three
separate layers. As seen in FIGS. 4 and 5, the first layer 46 of
such mattress coverlet 200 is a sheet of waterproof, vapor
permeable material. It is designed to allow moisture-vapor and heat
from the patient's body or relatively immediately adjacent thereto
to pass through to the second (i.e., middle) layer 48. The second
layer 48 of such mattress coverlet 200 is a non-crush
three-dimensional fabric that is moisture resistant and vapor and
air permeable. It is through this middle layer 48 of the mattress
coverlet 200 that the low air loss feature of the present invention
forces air, which aids in removing the warm moist air generated by
the patient. An exemplary depiction of the direction of airflow
through the mattress coverlet 200 is indicated by exemplary airflow
50.
[0054] In accordance with the present preferred embodiment, the
third layer 52 of the mattress coverlet 200 is a waterproof, vapor
impermeable sheet. This final layer 52 acts as a retainer of the
warm moist air generated by the patient and transmitted through the
first layer 46 to the second layer 48. It maintains the warm moist
air within the second layer 48 so it can be removed by the low air
loss airflow (as indicated in FIG. 5 by exemplary air flow 50).
Similarly, it acts as a boundary to prevent heat transfer from the
air within the air flotation mattress's air cells 30, 32, 34, and
36, to the patient. Such third layer 52 may additionally comprise a
zippered coverlet-mattress topper for encasing a mattress.
[0055] In other embodiments, an exemplary coverlet 200 in
accordance with the subject invention may be modularly applied to
other supports including mattresses, wheelchair/seating cushions,
and/or patient positioners (whether air powered, pre-existing,
disclosed herewith, or later developed). Several exemplary such
support surfaces can be found in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No.
5,568,660 to Raburn et al; U.S. Pat. No. 5,797,155 to Maier et al.;
and Des. 355,488 to Hargest et al., the disclosures of which are
full incorporated herein by reference.
[0056] Some former mattress coverlets have suffered from the
problem of billowing. As further represented in the top elevational
view of present FIG. 4, in accordance with the present invention
the occurrence of billowing may be reduced through the use of spot
welds 54 of the first layer 46 to the third layer 52 in locations
throughout the surface of the mattress coverlet 200. In making such
spot-welds 54, small sections of the material of the second layer
48 of the mattress coverlet 200 have been removed to allow for an
unimpeded welding of the first and third layers (46 and 52,
respectively).
[0057] The mattress coverlet 200 is preferably constructed of a
first layer 46 comprising a polyurethane coated polyester which is
perimeter welded 58 to the third layer 52. Along the head end of
the coverlet 200, where the first and third layer 46 and 52,
respectively, are connected the perimeter weld 58 is intermittent
to provide for exhaust air ports 60. It is through these exhaust
air ports 60 that the warm moist air trapped within the second
layer 48 is disposed.
[0058] The third layer 52 of the coverlet 200 preferably comprises
a polyurethane coated nylon so as to be moisture and vapor
impermeable. The second (i.e., middle) layer 48 is preferably a
non-crush three-dimensional fabric. The third layer 52 additionally
may have skirt welds 63 along substantially the entire perimeter of
the material.
[0059] As best seen in FIG. 5, in the presently preferred exemplary
embodiment the third layer 52 forms a coverlet-mattress topper,
which may encase a mattress. The coverlet-mattress topper comprises
an upper (i.e., the third layer 52 of the mattress coverlet 200)
and lower sheet connected to two side panels, a head panel, and a
foot panel in a bag-like configuration. Around the perimeter of the
coverlet-mattress topper, running along the middle of the side,
head, and foot panels is a zipper 56 for encasing a mattress within
the topper. It is this coverlet-mattress topper that may maintain
the mattress coverlet 200 in place despite the movement of the
patient while on the support surface.
[0060] As will be clear to those of ordinary skill in the art from
FIGS. 6-9 and their associated discussion, the air flotation
mattress 100 and the mattress coverlet 200 are regulated by the ECS
300. The exemplary ECS 300 comprises two pumps 62 and 64, a
regulator 66, a rotary valve 68, a single quick-disconnect
connector 70 for connection of air passageway 72 to the mattress
coverlet 200, and three quick-disconnect connectors 74 for
connecting air passageways 76, 78, and 80 to the air flotation
mattress air cells 30, 32, 34, and 36. Air is provided to the head
and foot zones via air passageway 76 and is provided to zones three
and four (i.e., the central or torso zone) via air passageways 78
and 80, respectively. The ECS features are preferably all within a
stand-alone housing 82. The housing 82 is provided with rubber feet
84 for positioning the housing on the floor and with hooks 86 for
hanging the ECS 300 from a bedframe.
[0061] The ECS 300 has two pumps 62 and 64 for separate operation
of the air flotation mattress 100 and the mattress coverlet 200.
The first pump 62 operates the air flotation mattress 100. It is
preferably a pump which provides quiet operation and a quick
response to an inflation request. The second pump 64 functions to
provide air for the low air loss system in the mattress coverlet
200. The low air loss system pump 64 is preferably a pump which
provides a higher air flow rate for the mattress coverlet 200 than
would be provided by the air flotation mattress pump 62.
[0062] The first pump 62 operates in connection with a regulator 66
and a rotary valve system 68 to provide air for the air flotation
mattress 100. In operation of this exemplary embodiment, the air
provided to the head and foot zones (i.e., exemplary air cells 30
and 36, respectively) is delivered through a first passageway 76.
This first passageway 76 serves to interconnect the head and foot
zones to insure consistent inflation/deflation. The air provided to
the torso zone, exemplary air cells 32 and 34, respectively, enters
through separate passageways 78 and 80, respectively. With each of
the passageways 78 and 80 associated with the torso zone are
control valves 88 to either allow inflation/deflation or to
maintain the current state of inflation/deflation of the air cells
32 and/or 34. Such valves 88 are separately operable which allows
for the provision of an alternating pressure support surface within
the air flotation mattress 100. When the control valves 88 within
passageways 78 and 80 are set to mimic the inflation/deflation of
the head and foot zones, the air flotation mattress 100 is able to
provide a static support surface. The construction of such valves
88 and pumps 62 and 64 are well known to those of ordinary skill in
the art, and details thereof form no particular part of the subject
invention.
[0063] The second pump 64 may be operated in accordance with the
subject invention to provide a continuous flow of air to the low
air loss mattress coverlet 200. As shown in FIG. 4, the first layer
46 of the mattress coverlet 200 contains air exhaust ports 60 for
the expulsion of the low air loss air flow through the mattress
coverlet 200. An air input port (not shown) is preferably generally
located at the foot end of the mattress coverlet 200 and the air
exhaust ports 60 are preferably located at the opposite end of the
mattress coverlet 200. However, one of ordinary skill in the art
will recognize that alternative configurations of such features
fall within the scope and spirit of the present invention.
[0064] In operation, the ECS 300 functions to provide the user the
widest variety of treatment options. The user can select from
either a static pressure support surface, in which the air
flotation mattress 100 maintains a consistent inflated state across
all zones, or an alternating pressure support surface, in which the
head and foot zones maintain a consistent inflation state and zones
three and four within the torso zone dynamically fluctuate between
opposed states of inflation/deflation, respectively. In addition to
the choice of support surface function to be provided by the air
flotation mattress 100, the ECS 300 allows the user to choose
whether or not to allow the operation of the low air loss mattress
coverlet 200 to aid in removing warm moist air away from the
patient's skin. It is this wide range of user (and/or caregiver)
choice in treatment methods and its modularity that allows the
system, the air flotation mattress 100, the low air loss mattress
coverlet 200 and the ECS 300, to be so flexible.
[0065] Additionally, in emergency operations, the system is
designed to be as flexible as possible in order to aid in the
treatment of the patient. Should the need arise to quickly provide
a more sturdy surface for the patient, such as in the case where a
patient suffers a heart attack and requires chest compression, the
present invention provides the user three options: inflate the air
flotation mattress 100 fully by utilizing the static support
surface feature, terminate the operation of the pumps and allow the
air flotation mattress to deflate, or to utilize the
quick-disconnect connectors 200 between the ECS 300 and the air
passageways 76, 78, and 80 to allow for complete deflation of the
air flotation mattress 100.
[0066] Similarly, when there is a loss of power to the ECS 300, the
system is designed to retain its functionality to aid in the
treatment of the patient. The air flotation mattress is designed to
maintain the inflation pressure within the air cells 30, 32, 34,
and 36. It performs such function by allowing the pressure across
all the cells 30, 32, 34, and 36 to even out and become consistent
(as when utilizing the static pressure support surface feature).
The system is able to maintain the air within the cells through the
use of several three-way control valves 88 which open to allow
communication between the air cells 30, 32, 34, and 36 and through
the use of a two-way control valve 90 which closes to deny an exit
path for the air already in the system.
[0067] An alternative presently preferred embodiment may comprise
an air flotation mattress 100 with a multi-layer mattress topper
400 and/or mattress coverlet 200 for the prevention and treatment,
of decubitus ulcers (pressure sores and bedsores). The mattress
coverlet 200 provides a low air loss feature that can be turned on
or off as desired by the user (here, broadly referencing a patient
or person resting on such coverlet and/or a caregiver
therefor).
[0068] As best seen in FIG. 10, a foam shell topper 20 with foam
bolsters 22 and foam sides 24 running the length of the mattress
100 on either side forms the air flotation mattress 100. At the
respective ends of the air flotation mattress 100 and capping the
foam bolsters and sides 22 and 24, respectively, are a foam header
26 and foam footer 28, which along with the bolsters 22 form a
cavity in the mattress 100. This cavity is for positioning of air
cells 35. Unlike the above-preferred embodiment, the air cells 35
of the presently preferred embodiment run head-to-foot with such
cavity.
[0069] As above, the cavity formed by the foam bolsters 22, header
26, and footer 28, contains the air cells 35. The air cells 35 are
essentially inflatable air bladders connected directly to an
external control system 300 as above described for their
inflation/deflation. Such air cells 35 are operated to provide the
primary support surface for the patient.
[0070] As represented to those of ordinary skill in the art by the
cross-sectional view of FIG. 2, the foam shell topper 20 of such
air flotation mattress 100 may have on its upper surface 38 a
GEO-MATT.RTM. surface treatment to aid in redistributing skin
pressure. The bottom surface 40 of such foam shell topper 20 may be
alternatively cut to provide predetermined ridges 42 running
head-to-foot to act as retainers for such air flotation mattress'
respective air cells 35.
[0071] In accordance with this alternative presently preferred
embodiment, the mattress 200 may be additionally sheathed in a
multi-layer mattress topper 400. The first layer 51 of the
multi-layer mattress topper 400 is a waterproof, vapor impermeable
sheet. The second (i.e., middle) layer 53 may comprise a non-crush
three-dimensional fabric, such as a knit, cloth, polymeric film,
foam or extruded woven fibers. Finally, the third layer 56 may
additionally comprise a waterproof, vapor impermeable sheet for
protection of the underlying mattress 200. Such third layer 56 may
additionally comprise a zippered sheath for encasing the mattress
200.
[0072] The exemplary mattress coverlet 200 is comprised of two
separate layers. As seen in FIG. 11, the first layer 47 of such
mattress coverlet 200 is a sheet of waterproof, vapor permeable
material. It is designed to allow moisture-vapor and heat from the
patient's body or relatively immediately adjacent thereto to pass
through to the second layer 49. The second layer 49 of such
mattress coverlet 200 is a non-crush three-dimensional fabric that
is moisture resistant and vapor and air permeable. It is through
this layer 49 of the mattress coverlet 200 that the low air loss
feature of the present invention forces air, which aids in removing
the warm moist air generated by the patient. An exemplary depiction
of the direction of airflow through the mattress coverlet 200 is
indicated by exemplary airflow 50.
[0073] The two layers 47 and 49 of the mattress coverlet 200 are
sewn together around their perimeter. Various methods of attaching
such a coverlet 200 may be utilized. For example, said coverlet 200
may be formed with an elastic band sewn around its outer perimeter
so as to envelop such a mattress 100 as would a fitted sheet.
[0074] In the case of a "fitted-sheet" style coverlet 200, the
entirety, of the outer perimeter of the first and second layers 47
and 49, respectively, may be sewn together. In such an embodiment,
the forced air from the ECS 300 along with the warmth and moisture
from the air in the second layer 49 of the coverlet may escape
around the entire perimeter through the loose friction fit of the
elastic band of the coverlet 200. As described above, this
alternative presently preferred embodiment may be regulated by an
ECS 300. The two pumps 62 and 64 of the ECS 300 serve to provide
the airflow for both the primary patient support (i.e., the
mattress 100 and the airflow through the middle layer 53 of the
multi-layer mattress topper 400) and for the mattress coverlet 200.
The method of connection of the ECS 300, its operation and features
is as discussed in detail above.
[0075] As in other embodiments, the exemplary coverlet 200 in
accordance with the subject invention may be modularly applied to
other supports including mattresses, wheelchair/seating cushions,
and/or patient positioners (whether air powered, pre-existing,
disclosed herewith, or later developed).
[0076] It is to be understood that the present invention may be
practiced in conjunction with combinations of additional features,
not necessarily shown or discussed in detail. In particular, the
size, shape and support characteristics of the air flotation
mattress 100, the multi-layer mattress topper 400 and/or the
mattress coverlet 200 may vary as desired or as needed.
Additionally, both the mattress coverlet 200 and the multi-layer
mattress topper 400 may be utilized with mattresses of various size
and shape (regardless of whether air powered, pre-existing,
disclosed herewith, or later developed), in addition to being
useful with other support devices such as patient positioner and
wheelchair/seating cushions. All such variations, as would be
understood by one ordinarily skilled in the art are intended to
fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Likewise, the foregoing presently preferred embodiments are
exemplary only, and their attendant descriptions are similarly
intended to be examples of the present invention rather than words
of limitation.
* * * * *