U.S. patent application number 11/391027 was filed with the patent office on 2007-10-04 for use of cyclosporin alkene analogues for preventing or treating viral-induced disorders.
This patent application is currently assigned to AMR Technology, Inc.. Invention is credited to Bruce F. Molino.
Application Number | 20070232532 11/391027 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38541840 |
Filed Date | 2007-10-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070232532 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Molino; Bruce F. |
October 4, 2007 |
Use of cyclosporin alkene analogues for preventing or treating
viral-induced disorders
Abstract
The present invention relates to methods of preventing or
treating a mammal with a viral-induced disorder. The method
involves administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound represented by Formula I, as shown below:
##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, with X,
R.sub.0, R.sub.1, and R.sub.2 defined herein, under conditions
effective to prevent or treat the viral-induced disorder.
Inventors: |
Molino; Bruce F.;
(Slingerlands, NY) |
Correspondence
Address: |
NIXON PEABODY LLP - PATENT GROUP
CLINTON SQUARE
P.O. BOX 31051
ROCHESTER
NY
14603-1051
US
|
Assignee: |
AMR Technology, Inc.
Manchester Center
VT
|
Family ID: |
38541840 |
Appl. No.: |
11/391027 |
Filed: |
March 28, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
424/85.4 ;
514/20.5; 514/3.7; 514/4.3 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 38/212 20130101;
A61K 38/13 20130101; A61K 38/13 20130101; A61K 38/212 20130101;
A61K 2300/00 20130101; A61K 2300/00 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/011 |
International
Class: |
A61K 38/13 20060101
A61K038/13 |
Claims
1. A method of preventing or treating a mammal with a viral-induced
disorder comprising: administering to the mammal a therapeutically
effective amount of a compound having the following formula:
##STR15## wherein: X is OH or OAc; R.sub.0 is H or
CH.sub.2OR.sub.3; R.sub.1 is H or D; R.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of: halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 halogenated saturated
straight or branched carbon chain, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 halogenated
unsaturated straight or branched carbon chain, C.sub.3-C.sub.6
substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 saturated
straight or branched carbon chain containing amino group,
--CH.dbd.N--OR.sub.4, and --CH.dbd.N--NR.sub.4R.sub.5; R.sub.3 is
selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, alkanoyl,
alkenoyl, alkynoyl, aryloyl, arylalkanoyl, alkylaminocarbonyl,
arylaminocarbonyl, arylalkylaminocarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl,
aryloxycarbonyl, and arylalkyloxycarbonyl; R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are
the same or different and independently selected from the group
consisting of: hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6 saturated straight or
branched carbon chain, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 unsaturated straight or
branched carbon chain, C.sub.3-C.sub.6-substituted and
unsubstituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain containing
an aryl or heteroaryl, substituted and unsubstituted aryl,
substituted and unsubstituted heteroaryl, alkanoyl, alkenoyl,
alkynoyl, aryloyl, arylalkanoyl, alkylaminocarbonyl,
arylaminocarbonyl, arylalkylaminocarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl,
aryloxycarbonyl, arylalkyloxycarbonyl, alkylsulfonyl, and
arylsulfonyl; and R.sub.4 together with R.sub.5 results in the
formation of a cyclic moiety of C.sub.2-C.sub.6 optionally
containing heteroatom or heteroatoms, wherein the compound is a cis
geometric isomer, a trans geometric isomer, or a mixture of the cis
and the trans geometric isomers or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, under conditions effective to prevent or treat the
viral-induced disorder.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein X is OH or OAc, R.sub.0
is H, CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2OAc, and R.sub.1 is H or D.
3. The method according to claim 2, wherein R.sub.2 is selected
from the group consisting of F, Cl, Br, and I.
4. The method according to claim 2, wherein R.sub.2 is selected
from the group consisting of CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, and
CH.sub.2Cl.
5. The method according to claim 2, wherein R.sub.2 is selected
from the group consisting of --CH.dbd.CHF, --CH.dbd.CHCl,
--CH.dbd.CHBr, and --CH.dbd.CHI.
6. The method according to claim 2, wherein R.sub.2 is selected
from the group consisting of --CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.CH,
--CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.C--CH.sub.3, and
--CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.C--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2.
7. The method according to claim 2, wherein R.sub.2 is
cyclopropyl.
8. The method according to claim 2, wherein R.sub.2 is selected
from the group consisting of --CH.dbd.N--OH, --CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3,
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3, --CH.dbd.N--NHCH.sub.3, and
--CH.dbd.N--N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.
9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the viral-induced
disorder is a human immunodeficiency virus-induced disorder.
10. The method according to claim 9, wherein said compound is
administered in combination with antiretroviral agents selected
from the group consisting of nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, human
immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, and
combinations thereof.
11. The method according to claim 10, wherein the nucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group
consisting of Zidovudine, Didanosine, Stavudine, and
Lamivudine.
12. The method according to claim 10, wherein the nonnucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group
consisting of Nevirapine, Efavirenz, and Delavirdine.
13. The method according to claim 10, wherein the human
immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor is selected from the
group consisting of Saquinovir, Indinavir, and Ritonavir.
14. The method according to claim 10, wherein the fusion inhibitor
is Enfuvirtide.
15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the viral-induced
disorder is a hepatitis C virus-induced disorder.
16. The method according to claim 15, wherein said compound is
administered in combination with an interferon.
17. The method according to claim 16, wherein the interferon is
interferon .alpha.2a or interferon .alpha.2b.
18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the interferon is a
pegylated interferon.
19. The method according to claim 18, wherein the pegylated
interferon is pegylated interferon .alpha.2a or pegylated
interferon .alpha.2b.
20. A method of preventing or treating a mammal with a
viral-induced disorder comprising: administering to the mammal a
therapeutically effective amount of a compound having the following
formula: ##STR16## wherein: X is OH or OAc; R.sub.0 is H or
CH.sub.2OR.sub.3; R.sub.1 is halogen; R.sub.2 is selected from the
group consisting of: hydrogen, deuterium, halogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.6
saturated straight or branched carbon chain, optionally containing
halogen, C.sub.2-C.sub.6 unsaturated straight or branched carbon
chain, optionally containing halogen, C.sub.3-C.sub.6 substituted
and unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted and unsubstituted aryl,
and substituted and unsubstituted heteroaryl; and R.sub.3 is
selected from the group consisting of: hydrogen, alkanoyl,
alkenoyl, alkynoyl, aryloyl, arylalkanoyl, alkylaminocarbonyl,
arylaminocarbonyl, arylalkylaminocarbonyl, alkyloxycarbonyl,
aryloxycarbonyl, and arylalkyloxycarbonyl, wherein the compound is
a cis geometric isomer, a trans geometric isomer, or a mixture of
the cis and the trans geometric isomers or a pharmaceutically
acceptable salt thereof, under conditions effective to prevent or
treat the viral-induced disorder.
21. The method according to claim 20, wherein the viral-induced
disorder is a human immunodeficiency virus-induced disorder.
22. The method according to claim 21, wherein said compound is
administered in combination with antiretroviral agents selected
from the group consisting of nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, human
immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, and
combinations thereof.
23. The method according to claim 22, wherein the nucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group
consisting of Zidovudine, Didanosine, Stavudine, and
Lamivudine.
24. The method according to claim 22, wherein the nonnucleoside
reverse transcriptase inhibitor is selected from the group
consisting of Nevirapine, Efavirenz, and Delavirdine.
25. The method according to claim 22, wherein the human
immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor is selected from the
group consisting of Saquinovir, Indinavir, and Ritonavir.
26. The method according to claim 22, wherein the fusion inhibitor
is Enfuvirtide.
27. The method according to claim 20, wherein the viral-induced
disorder is a hepatitis C virus-induced disorder.
28. The method according to claim 27, wherein said compound is
administered in combination with an interferon.
29. The method according to claim 28, wherein the interferon is
interferon .alpha.2a or interferon .alpha.2b.
30. The method according to claim 28, wherein the interferon is a
pegylated interferon.
31. The method according to claim 30, wherein the pegylated
interferon is pegylated interferon .alpha.2a or pegylated
interferon .alpha.2b.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention discloses novel cyclosporin analogues
and their utilities as pharmaceutical agents for prevention and
treatment of viral-induced diseases. Methods for preparation of
such analogues are also disclosed.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Cyclosporin A (CsA), a neutral cyclic undecapeptide isolated
from the fungus Tolypocladium inflatum and currently marketed as
Neoral.RTM. and Sandimmune.RTM. (Novartis, Basel, Switzerland), has
been widely used for the prevention of organ transplant rejection.
The molecular basis for the immunosuppressant activity of
cyclosporin A and cyclosporin analogues begins with the passive
diffusion of the cyclosporin (Cs) molecule into the cell, followed
by binding to its intracellular receptor, cyclophilin A (CypA).
CypA belongs to a family of proteins that catalyze cis-trans
peptidyl-prolyl isomerization, i.e., PPIase, a rate-limiting step
in protein folding. CsA and other cyclosporin analogues bind to the
active site of CypA. However, immunosuppression is not believed to
be due to the inhibition of CypA PPIase activity. The target of the
CsA-CypA complex is a Ca.sup.2+-calmodulin-dependent
serine-threonine-specific protein phosphatase, calcineurin. In
T-cells responding to antigen presentation, an increase in
intracellular Ca.sup.2+ activates calcineurin, which subsequently
dephosphorylates the transcription factor called the nuclear factor
of activated T-cells ("NFAT"). Dephosphorylated NFAT undergoes a
molecular change, e.g., homodimerization that allows it to cross
into the nucleus, and promotes the expression of T-cell activation
genes. CsA and other immunosuppressive cyclosporin derivatives
inhibit calcineurin which results in the inhibition of expression
of cytokine genes, e.g., interleukin-2 (IL-2) that promotes T-cell
activation and proliferation, i.e., immunosuppressive activity.
Human Immunodeficiency Viruses and Cyclosporin A or
Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclosporins
[0003] Human immunodeficiency viruses ("HWs") are lentiviruses, a
family of mammalian retroviruses evolved to establish chronic
persistent infection with gradual onset of clinical symptoms. There
are two major families of HIV. Most of the epidemic involves HIV-1;
HIV-2 is a close relative whose distribution is concentrated in
western Africa.
[0004] Human cyclophilins A and B have been identified as cellular
proteins which bind specifically to HIV-1 Gag polyprotein,
p555.sup.gag. Gag proteins play a major role in several steps of
the virus life cycle, including the assembly and release of virions
(Willis et al., "Form, Function, and Use of Retroviral Gag
Proteins," AIDS 5:639-654 (1991)). A cleavage product of the Gag
polyprotein, the capsid protein, has been shown to bind
specifically to cyclophilin A. Cyclophilin A is functionally
associated with the HIV-1 virions through interaction with the Gag
polyprotein. This interaction between cyclophilin A and Gag
proteins is inhibited by the immunosuppressive drug, cyclosporin A
(Thali et al., "Functional Association of Cyclophilin A With HIV-1
Virions," Nature 372:363-365 (1994)).
[0005] Cyclosporin A has demonstrated in vitro-antiviral activity
against HIV-1 (Karpas et al., "Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency
Virus and Growth of Infected T-cells by the Immunosuppressive Drugs
Cyclosporin A and FK 506," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:8351-8355
(1992)); however, initial in vivo studies in which cyclosporin A
was administered as a monotherapy in HIV-infected patients at
advanced stages of disease did not show a beneficial effect from
the treatment (Levy et al., "Long-Term Follow-Up of HIV Positive
Asymptomatic Patients Having Received Cyclosporin A," Adv. Ex. Med.
Biol. 374:229-234 (1995)). U.S. Pat. No. 4,814,323 to Andrieu et
al. reported that administration of cyclosporins may be used for
the prevention of AIDS in patients infected with the virus before
the appearance of the AIDS symptoms, that is patients with no
symptoms or patients with AIDS related complex.
[0006] Highly active antiretroviral therapy ("HAART") has
dramatically decreased the HIV-related morbidity and mortality
rates among HIV-infected patients and the transmission of HIV from
mother to child by efficiently suppressing viral replication
(Palella et al., "Declining Morbidity and Mortality Among Patients
With Advanced Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection," N. Eng. J.
Med. 338:853-860 (1998)). Limitations of HAART have become better
understood. Thus, the virus can be suppressed to undetectable
levels but not eradicated. In addition, there is an ever-growing
list of side effects, the eventual development of resistance, and
the cost and complexity of HAART regimens that must be contended
with.
[0007] HAART covers a broad range of antiretroviral agents that
include nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ("NRTI"),
nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors ("NNRTI"), HIV
protease inhibitors, and fusion inhibitors. Specific examples of
antiviral agents from each of these families include: Zidovudine,
Didanosine, Stavudine, and Lamivudine from the NRTI antiviral
class; Nevirapine, Efavirenz, and Delavirdine from the NNRTI
antiviral class; Saquinovir, Indinavir, and Ritonavir from the HIV
protease inhibitor class; and Enfuvirtide from the fusion inhibitor
antiviral class.
[0008] From an immunological standpoint, the introduction of HAART
allows for only a partial immune reconstitution. Indeed, ex vivo
measures of immune function do not generally normalize and, most
importantly, HIV-specific T cell responses remain almost invariably
impaired. Though several variables have been identified that
correlate with the degree of immune reconstitution during HAART,
the actual underlying mechanism(s) responsible for such an
incomplete immune reconstitution are still poorly understood and
likely reflect the severe HIV-driven perturbations in T cell
dynamics and homeostasis and the interaction between host and viral
factors (Douek, "Disrupting T-Cell Homeostasis: How HIV-1 Infection
Causes Disease," AIDS Rev. 5:172-177 (2003)).
[0009] A strategy aimed at the broadest immune reconstitution,
possibly overcoming the limitations of HAART, consists in the
adjuvant use of immunomodulants. By combining cyclosporin A with
HAART, the goal is to contain the immune activation, either
virus-specific or owing to non-specific "by-stander" activation.
Results from pilot studies in HIV-infected patients has shown that
the rapid shutdown of T-cell activation induced by cyclosporin A
has produced a more rapid and stable increase in CD4+ T-cells and a
significant long-term increase in IFN-.gamma. secreting CD4+ and
CD4+ CCR7-T-cells, establishing a more favorable immunological
set-point (Bandera et al., "Immunomodulants in HIV
Infection,"Expert Opin. Ther. Patents 15(9): 1115-1131 (2005)).
Determination of the long-term efficacy must be assessed in order
to understand if this approach truly has value.
[0010] SDZ NIM 811 is a cyclosporin analogue that is completely
devoid of immunosuppressive activity but exhibits potent and
selective anti-HIV-1 activity (Mlynar et al., "The
Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclosporin A Analogue SDZ NIM 811 Inhibits
Cyclophilin A Incorporation Into Virions and Virus Replication in
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1-Infected Primary and
Growth-Arrested Cells," J. General Virology 78:825-835 (1997)). SDZ
NIM 811 does not prevent the activation of CD4+ T-cell activation
as cyclosporin A does. In a manner similar to cyclosporin A, it is
proposed that SDZ NIM 811 interferes with the HIV-1 Gag-cyclophilin
A interaction to effect its antiviral activity.
[0011] SDZ NIM 811 does not inhibit calcineurin and possesses none
of the immunosuppressive activity of cyclosporin A. The potent
inhibition of calcineurin by cyclosporin, in addition to being
responsible for the potent immunosuppressive activity of
cyclosporin A, is also believed to be the cause of the toxicity and
the narrow therapeutic index of this drug. Separation of
immunosuppressive and antiviral activity could lead to novel
antiviral cyclosporins with fewer side effects and improved
therapeutic index. Elucidation of structure activity relationships
for cyclosporins permits the design of non-immunosuppressive
cyclosporin derivatives that retain potent (cyclophilin A) PPIase
activity to achieve this goal (Bartz et al., "Inhibition of Human
Immunodeficiency Virus Replication by Non-Immunosuppressive Analogs
of Cyclosporin A," Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 92:5381-5385 (1995)).
European Patent No. 484 281, U.S. Pat. No. 5,767,069, U.S. Pat. No.
5,948,884, and French Patent Nos. 2,757,520, 2,757,521, and
2,757,522 disclose non-immunosuppressive cyclosporins with
antiviral activity.
Hepatitis C Virus and Cyclosporin A
[0012] Recently, cyclosporin A, the most widely prescribed
immunosuppressive drug, was reported to be clinically effective
against hepatitis C viral (HCV) infection (Nakagawa et al.,
"Specific Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by
Cyclosporin A," Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 313:42-47 (2004)).
The authors of the Nakagawa et al. paper state that certain
chaperone activities, such as those of cyclophilins, may be crucial
for the processing and maturation of the viral proteins and for
viral replication.
[0013] A subsequent controlled clinical trial showed that a
combination of cyclosporin A with interferon .alpha.2b is more
effective than interferon monotherapy, especially in patients with
high viral loads (Inoue et al., "Combined Interferon .alpha.2b and
Cyclosporin A in the Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis C: Controlled
Trial," J. Gastroenterol. 38:567-572 (2003)).
[0014] PCT International Patent Publication No. WO 2006/005610
recently described the use of a combination of cyclosporin A and
pegylated interferon for treating hepatitis C viral infection. In
addition, PCT International Patent Publication No. WO 2005/021028
relates to the use of non-immunosuppressive cyclosporins for
treatment of HCV disorders. Also, Paeshuyse et al., "Potent and
Selective Inhibition of Hepatitis C Virus Replication by the
Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclosporin Analogue DEBIO-025," Antiviral
Research 65(3):A41 (2005) recently published results for a
non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin analogue, DEBIO-025, that
exhibited potent and selective inhibition of hepatitis C virus
replication. Notably, the cyclosporin derivative DEBIO-025 is also
effective for the treatment of HIV-1 (Rosenwirth et al.,
"Debio-025, A Novel Non-Immunosuppressive Cyclosporine Analog with
Potent Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Activity:
Pharmacological Properties and Mode of Action," Antiviral Research
65(3):A42-A43 (2005)). Debio-025 does possess potent binding
affinity for cyclophilin A.
[0015] There is still a large need for novel cyclosporin analogues
that have therapeutic utility in the treatment of viral-induced
diseases.
[0016] The present invention is directed to achieving these
objectives.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0017] The present invention relates to a method of preventing or
treating a mammal with a viral-induced disorder. The method
involves administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound having the following formula: ##STR2## where:
X is OH or OAc; R.sub.0 is H or CH.sub.2OR.sub.3; R.sub.1 is H or
D; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0018]
halogen, [0019] C.sub.1-C.sub.6 halogenated saturated straight or
branched carbon chain, [0020] C.sub.2-C.sub.6 halogenated
unsaturated straight or branched carbon chain, [0021]
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl, [0022]
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 saturated straight or branched carbon chain
containing amino group, [0023] --CH.dbd.N--OR.sub.4, and [0024]
--CH.dbd.N--NR.sub.4R.sub.5; R.sub.3 is selected from the group
consisting of: [0025] hydrogen, [0026] alkanoyl, [0027] alkenoyl,
[0028] alkynoyl, [0029] aryloyl, [0030] arylalkanoyl, [0031]
alkylaminocarbonyl, [0032] aryl aminocarbonyl, [0033]
arylalkylaminocarbonyl, [0034] alkyloxycarbonyl, [0035]
aryloxycarbonyl, and [0036] arylalkyloxycarbonyl; R.sub.4 and
R.sub.5 are the same or different and independently selected from
the group consisting of: [0037] hydrogen, [0038] C.sub.1-C.sub.6
saturated straight or branched carbon chain, [0039] C.sub.3-C.sub.6
unsaturated straight or branched carbon chain, [0040]
C.sub.3-C.sub.6-substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl, [0041]
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain containing an aryl or heteroaryl,
[0042] substituted and unsubstituted aryl, [0043] substituted and
unsubstituted heteroaryl, [0044] alkanoyl, [0045] alkenoyl, [0046]
alkynoyl, [0047] aryloyl, [0048] arylalkanoyl, [0049]
alkylaminocarbonyl, [0050] arylaminocarbonyl, [0051]
arylalkylaminocarbonyl, [0052] alkyloxycarbonyl, [0053]
aryloxycarbonyl, [0054] arylalkyloxycarbonyl, [0055] alkylsulfonyl,
and [0056] arylsulfonyl; and R.sub.4 together with R.sub.5 results
in the formation of a cyclic moiety of C.sub.2-C.sub.6 optionally
containing heteroatom or heteroatoms, wherein the compound is a cis
geometric isomer, a trans geometric isomer, or a mixture of the cis
and the trans geometric isomers or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, under conditions effective to prevent or treat the
viral-induced disorder.
[0057] The present invention also relates to a method of preventing
or treating a mammal with a viral-induced disorder. The method
involves administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound having the following formula: ##STR3## where:
X is OH or OAc; R.sub.0 is H or CH.sub.2OR.sub.3; R.sub.1 is
halogen; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0058]
hydrogen, [0059] deuterium, [0060] halogen, [0061] C.sub.1-C.sub.6
saturated straight or branched carbon chain, optionally containing
halogen, [0062] C.sub.2-C.sub.6 unsaturated straight or branched
carbon chain, optionally containing halogen, [0063] C.sub.3-C.sub.6
substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl, [0064] substituted and
unsubstituted aryl, and [0065] substituted and unsubstituted
heteroaryl; and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of:
[0066] hydrogen, [0067] alkanoyl, [0068] alkenoyl, [0069] alkynoyl,
[0070] aryloyl, [0071] arylalkanoyl, [0072] alkylaminocarbonyl,
[0073] arylaminocarbonyl, [0074] arylalkylaminocarbonyl, [0075]
alkyloxycarbonyl, [0076] aryloxycarbonyl, and [0077]
arylalkyloxycarbonyl, wherein the compound is a cis geometric
isomer, a trans geometric isomer, or a mixture of the cis and the
trans geometric isomers or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, under conditions effective to prevent or treat the
viral-induced disorder.
[0078] The present invention discloses novel cyclosporin
derivatives that are chemically modified from cyclosporin A. In
particular, the present invention discloses cyclosporin analogues
containing a chemically modified side chain at the position one
amino acid and optionally a substitution at the position three
amino acid of cyclosporin A.
[0079] The present invention discloses novel cyclosporin analogues
which are effective as antiviral agents. The cyclosporin
derivatives of the present invention used to treat viral infections
may possess potent immunosuppressive activity (via inhibition of
calcineurin) or may be completely devoid of immunosuppressive
activity (do not inhibit calcineurin). However, the mechanism that
the immunosuppressive and non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin
compounds share is their activity at cyclophilin A.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING
[0080] FIG. 1 depicts the results from a concanavalin A
(ConA)-stimulated splenocyte assay, where the novel cyclosporin
analogue compounds of the present invention (disclosed in Examples
9 and 11) are shown to possess enhanced potency in
immunosuppression, compared to cyclosporin A.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0081] The present invention relates to a method of preventing or
treating a mammal with a viral-induced disorder. The method
involves administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound having the following formula: ##STR4## where:
X is OH or OAc; R.sub.0 is H or CH.sub.2OR.sub.3; R.sub.1 is H or
D; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0082]
halogen, [0083] C.sub.1-C.sub.6 halogenated saturated straight or
branched carbon chain, [0084] C.sub.2-C.sub.6 halogenated
unsaturated straight or branched carbon chain, [0085]
C.sub.3-C.sub.6 substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl, [0086]
C.sub.1-C.sub.6 saturated straight or branched carbon chain
containing amino group, [0087] --CH.dbd.N--OR.sub.4, and [0088]
--CH.dbd.N--NR.sub.4R.sub.5; R.sub.3 is selected from the group
consisting of: [0089] hydrogen, [0090] alkanoyl, [0091] alkenoyl,
[0092] alkynoyl, [0093] aryloyl, [0094] arylalkanoyl, [0095]
alkylaminocarbonyl, [0096] arylaminocarbonyl, [0097]
arylalkylaminocarbonyl, [0098] alkyloxycarbonyl, [0099]
aryloxycarbonyl, and [0100] arylalkyloxycarbonyl; R.sub.4 and
R.sub.5 are the same or different and independently selected from
the group consisting of: [0101] hydrogen, [0102] C.sub.1-C.sub.6
saturated straight or branched carbon chain, [0103] C.sub.3-C.sub.6
unsaturated straight or branched carbon chain, [0104]
C.sub.3-C.sub.6-substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl, [0105]
C.sub.1-C.sub.4 carbon chain containing an aryl or heteroaryl,
[0106] substituted and unsubstituted aryl, [0107] substituted and
unsubstituted heteroaryl, [0108] alkanoyl, [0109] alkenoyl, [0110]
alkynoyl, [0111] aryloyl, [0112] arylalkanoyl, [0113]
alkylaminocarbonyl, [0114] arylaminocarbonyl, [0115]
arylalkylaminocarbonyl, [0116] alkyloxycarbonyl, [0117]
aryloxycarbonyl, [0118] arylalkyloxycarbonyl, [0119] alkylsulfonyl,
and [0120] arylsulfonyl; and R.sub.4 together with R.sub.5 results
in the formation of a cyclic moiety of C.sub.2-C.sub.6 optionally
containing heteroatom or heteroatoms, wherein the compound is a cis
geometric isomer, a trans geometric isomer, or a mixture of the cis
and the trans geometric isomers or a pharmaceutically acceptable
salt thereof, under conditions effective to prevent or treat the
viral-induced disorder.
[0121] One embodiment of the present invention relates to the above
compound of Formula Ia, where: X=OH or OAc; R.sub.0=H, CH.sub.2OH,
or CH.sub.2OAc; R.sub.1=H or D; and R.sub.2.dbd.F, Cl, Br, or
I.
[0122] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
above compound of Formula Ia, where: X=OH or OAc; R.sub.0=H,
CH.sub.2OH, or CH.sub.2OAc; R.sub.1=H or D; and R.sub.2=CF.sub.3,
CH.sub.2F, or CH.sub.2Cl.
[0123] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
above compound of Formula Ia, where: X=OH or OAc; R.sub.0=H,
CH.sub.2OH, or CH.sub.2OAc; R.sub.1=H or D; and
R.sub.2=--CH.dbd.CHF, --CH.dbd.CHCl, --CH.dbd.CHBr, or
--CH.dbd.CHI.
[0124] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
above compound of Formula Ia, where: X=OH or OAc; R.sub.0=H,
CH.sub.2OH, or CH.sub.2OAc; R.sub.1=H or D; and
R.sub.2=--CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.CH, --CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.C--CH.sub.3,
or --CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.C--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2.
[0125] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
above compound of Formula Ia, where: X=OH or OAc; R.sub.0=H,
CH.sub.2OH, or CH.sub.2OAc; R.sub.1=H or D; and R.sub.2 is
cyclopropyl.
[0126] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
above compound of Formula Ia, where: X=OH or OAc; R.sub.0=H,
CH.sub.2OH, or CH.sub.2OAc; R.sub.1=H or D; and
R.sub.2=--CH.dbd.N--OH, --CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3,
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3, --CH.dbd.N--NHCH.sub.3, or
--CH.dbd.N--N(CH.sub.3).sub.2.
[0127] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
above compound of Formula Ia, where:
X=OH or OAc,
R.sub.0=H,
R.sub.1=H or D, and
[0128] R.sub.2=Cl, Br, I, CF.sub.3, C.sub.3F.sub.7, C.sub.4F.sub.9,
CH.sub.2F, CH.sub.2Cl, -cyclopropyl, --CH.dbd.CHCl, --CH.dbd.CHBr,
--CH.dbd.CHI, --CH.dbd.CHCF.sub.3, --C(CF.sub.3).dbd.CH.sub.2,
--C.ident.CC.sub.4H.sub.9, --CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.CH,
--CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.CCH.sub.3,
--CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.CSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3,
--CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.C--CH.dbd.CH.sub.2,
--CH.dbd.CH--C.ident.C--CH(OH)CH.sub.3, --CH.sub.2NHCH.sub.3,
--CH.sub.2N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --CH.sub.2N(CH.sub.3)(Ac),
--CH.sub.2-pyrrolidine, --CH.sub.2-piperidine,
--CH.sub.2-morphorline, --CH.sub.2-thiomopholine,
--CH.sub.2-methylpiperizine, --CH.dbd.N--OH, --CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.3,
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.2CH.sub.3,
--CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.2CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, --CH.dbd.N--OCH.sub.2Ph,
--CH.dbd.N--N(CH.sub.3).sub.2, --CH.dbd.N--NHCH.sub.3, or
--CH.dbd.N--NHSO.sub.2C.sub.6H.sub.4CH.sub.3.
[0129] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
above compound of Formula Ia, where:
X=OH or OAc,
R.sub.0=CH.sub.2OH or CH.sub.2OAc,
R.sub.1=H, and
R.sub.2=Cl, Br, I, CF.sub.3, CH.sub.2F, Ph, --CH.dbd.CHCl,
--CH.dbd.CHBr, --CH.dbd.CHI, --CH.dbd.CH.sub.2, or
--CH.dbd.CD.sub.2.
[0130] The present invention also relates to a method of preventing
or treating a mammal with a viral-induced disorder. The method
involves administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective
amount of a compound having the following formula: ##STR5## where:
X is OH or OAc; R.sub.0 is H or CH.sub.2OR.sub.3; R.sub.1 is
halogen; R.sub.2 is selected from the group consisting of: [0131]
hydrogen, [0132] deuterium, [0133] halogen, [0134] C.sub.1-C.sub.6
saturated straight or branched carbon chain, optionally containing
halogen, [0135] C.sub.2-C.sub.6 unsaturated straight or branched
carbon chain, optionally containing halogen, [0136] C.sub.3-C.sub.6
substituted and unsubstituted cycloalkyl, [0137] substituted and
unsubstituted aryl, and [0138] substituted and unsubstituted
heteroaryl; and R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of:
[0139] hydrogen, [0140] alkanoyl, [0141] alkenoyl, [0142] alkynoyl,
[0143] aryloyl, [0144] arylalkanoyl, [0145] alkylaminocarbonyl,
[0146] arylaminocarbonyl, [0147] arylalkylaminocarbonyl, [0148]
alkyloxycarbonyl, [0149] aryloxycarbonyl, and [0150]
arylalkyloxycarbonyl, wherein the compound is a cis geometric
isomer, a trans geometric isomer, or a mixture of the cis and the
trans geometric isomers or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt
thereof, under conditions effective to prevent or treat the
viral-induced disorder.
[0151] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
compound of Formula Ib, where:
X=OH or OAc,
R.sub.0=H,
R.sub.1=Cl, and
R.sub.2=H, D, C.sub.1, CF.sub.3, or Ph.
[0152] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to the
compound of Formula Ib, where:
X=OH or OAc,
R.sub.0=H,
R.sub.1=Br or I, and
R.sub.2=H, D, or CH.sub.3.
[0153] In particular, the present invention relates to novel
halogenated cyclosporin analogues, including cyclosporin vinyl
halides and allylic halides.
[0154] The present invention also discloses methods for preparation
of novel cyclosporin analogue compounds represented by Formula Ia
and Formula Ib and their utility as pharmaceutical agents for
treatment of various diseases. The present invention also describes
the utility of halogenated cyclosporin analogues (vinyl halides and
allylic halides) as synthetic intermediates that can be transformed
into additional novel cyclosporin derivatives.
[0155] The starting material for the preparation of the compounds
of the present invention is cyclosporin A. The structure of
cyclosporin A, a cycloundecapeptide, and the position numbering for
each amino acid in the ring is shown below: ##STR6##
[0156] Cyclosporin A can also be represented by Formula Ia, as
shown below: ##STR7##
[0157] The novel cyclosporin analogues of the present invention are
derived from cyclosporin A or a key intermediate prepared by
modification at the position three amino acid of cyclosporin A. As
shown in Scheme 1, such a key intermediate (Formula IIb) can be
prepared by deprotonation of cyclosporin A with lithium
diisopropylamide (LDA), followed by treatment with formaldehyde
(Seebach et al, "Modification of Cyclosporin A: Generation of an
Enolate at the Sarcosine Residue and Reaction With Electrophiles,"
Helv. Chim. Acta, 76:1564-1590 (1993), which is hereby incorporated
by reference in its entirety). ##STR8##
[0158] According to one embodiment of the present invention, novel
cyclosporin vinyl halides can be prepared by employing Takai
reaction as a key step, as outlined in Scheme 2. Acetylation of
cyclosporin A (Formula Ia) or cyclosporin diol intermediate of
Formula IIb with acetic anhydride, followed by oxidative cleavage
of the double bond with ozone, generates cyclosporin aldehyde of
Formula III smoothly. Treatment of the cyclosporin aldehyde with
haloform-CrCl.sub.2 complex affords novel cyclosporin vinyl halides
of Formula Ia (Takai et al, "Simple and Selective Method for
RCHO.fwdarw.(E)-RCH.dbd.CHX Conversion by Means of a
CHX.sub.3--CrCl.sub.2 System," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 108:7408-7410
(1986), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety).
Various haloforms, such as chloroform, bromoform, and iodoform can
be applied. Usage of excess haloform and CrCl.sub.2 seems to be
necessary to obtain the desired vinyl halide in good to excellent
yield (50-80%). This stereoselective chemistry provided a
halogenated olefin of Formula Ia in exclusively the
trans-configuration (R.sub.1=H or D; R.sub.2=halogen). The acetyl
protection group(s) can be removed by treatment with potassium
carbonate in methanol (see Scheme 2). ##STR9##
[0159] The novel cyclosporin vinyl halides of Formula Ib in the
present invention can be prepared via an alternative approach by
application of phosphorous ylide chemistry (Wittig reaction,
Horner-Emmons reaction, or other modified Wittig conditions), as
shown in Scheme 3. This chemistry converts the cyclosporin aldehyde
of Formula III to the halogenated olefin of Formula Ib effectively.
The reaction generates either the cis-isomer of the olefin or a
separable mixture of cis- and trans-isomers. Typically, the
phosphorous ylide species under Wittig, Horner-Emmons, or other
modified Wittig conditions are generated by treatment of various
phosphonium salts or phosphonates with a strong base, such as
n-butyllithium or sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide. The
deacetylation is conducted under the same conditions as described
in Scheme 2. ##STR10##
[0160] Utilizing the same strategy described in Scheme 2,
halogenated cyclosporin diene can be prepared via a Takai reaction
with .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde of Formula IV, which is
generated by application of olefin cross metathesis on cyclosporin
(Scheme 4). In the last decade, ruthenium catalyzed olefin
metathesis has emerged as a powerful synthetic tool for the
formation of carbon-carbon bonds (Chatterjee et al, "A General
Model for Selectivity in Olefin Cross Metathesis," J. Am. Chem.
Soc., 125:11360-11370 (2003); Connon et al, "Recent Development in
Olefin Cross Metathesis," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 42:1900-1923
(2003), which are hereby incorporated by reference in their
entirety). There are three main variations on olefin metathesis:
(a) cross metathesis; (b) ring opening/close metathesis; and (c)
intermolecular enyne metathesis. As an acyclic carbon-carbon
bond-forming method, olefin cross metathesis has numerous
advantages: (1) the process is catalytic (typically 1-5 mol % of
catalyst required); (2) high yield can be obtained under mild
conditions in a relatively short reaction time; (3) a wide range of
functional groups are tolerated, with minimal substrate protection
necessary; and (4) the reaction is relatively atom-economic, and
gaseous ethylene is usually the only byproduct, which is an
important consideration in industrial applications (Connon et al,
"Recent Development in Olefin Cross Metathesis," Angew. Chem. Int.
Ed., 42:1900-1923 (2003), which is hereby incorporated by reference
in its entirety). ##STR11##
[0161] As shown in Scheme 4, olefin cross metathesis of
acetyl-protected cyclosporin A or cyclosporin diol is carried out
with acrolein acetals (such as acrolein dimethyl acetal and
2-vinyl-1,3-dioxolane) in the presence of Grubbs' catalyst in
methylene chloride or toluene. The reaction provides an acetal
intermediate which is hydrolyzed during purification by high
pressure liquid chromatography, using
acetonitrile-water-trifluoroacetic acid as a solvent system to
afford trans-.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde of Formula IV
directly in good to excellent yield (60-80%). The catalyst can be
either Grubbs' catalyst 2.sup.nd generation (Schwab et al, "A
Series of Well-Defined Metathesis Catalysts-Synthesis of
[RuCl.sub.2(.dbd.CHR')(PR.sub.3).sub.2] and Its Reactions," Angew.
Chem. Int. Ed., 34:2039-2041 (1995), which is hereby incorporated
by reference in its entirety) or Hoveyda-Grubbs catalyst (Scholl et
al, "Synthesis and Activity of a New Generation of Ruthenium-Based
Olefin Metathesis Catalysts Coordinated with
1,3-Dimesityl-4,5-dihydroimidazol-2-ylidene Ligands," Org. Lett.,
1:953 (1999); Sanford et al, "Mechanism and Activity of Ruthenium
Olefin Metathesis Catalysts," J. Am. Chem. Soc., 123:6543-6554
(2001), which are hereby incorporated by reference in their
entirety). This stereoselective chemistry provides an
.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde of Formula IV exclusively in
the trans-geometric isomer.
[0162] Treatment of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde of Formula
IV with haloform and CrCl.sub.2 in tetrahydrofuran provides a
halogenated cyclosporin diene of Formula V as a trans-isomer. Only
a small amount of cis-isomer is observed under these conditions.
Finally, acetyl protection group(s) can be removed with potassium
carbonate in methanol (Scheme 4).
[0163] According to another embodiment of the present invention,
cyclosporin vinyl halides can be used as powerful synthetic
intermediates for palladium or nickel-catalyzed couplings (such as
Stille coupling, Suzuki coupling, Negishi coupling, and Sonogashira
coupling) to build a new carbon-carbon bond. As shown in Scheme 5,
Stille coupling of the cyclosporin vinyl iodide of Formula VI with
organotin reagents, in the presence of
Pd(CH.sub.3CN).sub.2Cl.sub.2, affords a novel cyclosporin
cyclopropyl derivative and a diene analogue respectively, while
Sonogashira coupling with alkyne provides enyne analogue. Similar
reactions can be performed on the halogenated diene of Formula V
with organotin reagents, organozinc reagents, boronic acids, or
alkynes to prepare novel cyclosporin analogues. ##STR12##
[0164] According to another embodiment of the present invention,
cyclosporin allylic halides can be prepared via olefin cross
metathesis with a Grubbs catalyst, as shown in Scheme 6. Utilizing
an allylic chloride of Formula VII as a key intermediate, various
cyclosporin amine derivatives can be obtained. ##STR13##
[0165] Another embodiment of the present invention relates to a
so-called "soft drug" strategy (Lazarova et al., "Synthesis a n d
Biological Evaluation of Novel Cyclosporin A Analogues: Potential
Soft Drugs for the Treatment of Autoimmune Diseases," Journal of
Medicinal Chemistry, 46:674-676 (2003); Little et al., "Soft Drugs
Based on Hydrocortisone: The Inactive Metabolite Approach and Its
Application to Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Agents," Pharm. Res.,
16:961-967 (11999), which are hereby incorporated by reference in
their entirety). Incorporation of a C--N bond leads to the
preparation of .alpha.-unsaturated oximes (C.dbd.N--OR) and
hydrazones (C.dbd.N--NR.sub.2) of Formula VIII. The active
.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated oximes (C.dbd.N--OR) and hydrazones
(C.dbd.N--NR.sub.2) of the present invention can be hydrolyzed and
inactivated under physiological conditions. Therefore, the C.dbd.N
moiety of the novel cyclosporin analogues of Formula VIII provides
a simple means to control the hydrolytic half-life of the soft
drug, thus minimizing system exposure and toxicity. As shown in
Scheme 7, the treatment of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde of
Formula IV with hydroxylamines or alkyloxyamines (RONH.sub.2) and
hydrazines (R.sub.2NNH.sub.2) affords the corresponding
.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated oximes (C.dbd.N--OR) and hydrazones
(C.dbd.N--NR.sub.2) of Formula VIII, respectively. ##STR14##
[0166] Some of the compounds disclosed in the present invention are
useful as immunosuppressive agents. Administration of these
compounds suppresses the immune response in organ transplant
patients and, thus, prevents allograft rejection. The compounds of
the present invention may possess immunosuppressive activity
similar to or more potent than cyclosporin A. For example, as shown
in FIG. 1, the novel cyclosporin analogue compounds disclosed in
Examples 9 and 11 possess enhanced potency in immunosuppresion in
the concanavalin A stimulated splenocyte assay, compared to
cyclosporin A. Table 1 shows the immunosuppressive activities of
several novel cyclosporin analogue compounds disclosed in the
present application. (The third column in Table 1 contains
cyclosporin A positive control values included for comparison.)
TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Immunosuppressive Activities of Novel
Cyclosporin Analogue Compounds of the Present Invention Example
where the Novel Cyclosporin Analogue Compound is Disclosed
IC.sub.50 (ng/mL) IC.sub.50 (ng/mL) of CsA Example 5 22 25 Example
6 11 25 Example 9 7 31 Example 11 13 31 Example 19 9 6 Example 26 5
9 Example 31 38 8 Example 34 12 5 Example 56 15 31 Example 58 42 31
Example 67 7 6 Example 69 4 9 Example 71 8 6 Example 72 5 6
[0167] The compounds disclosed in the present invention are useful
for the prevention or treatment of viral-induced disorders that are
dependent upon the presence of cyclophilin A. The compounds of the
present invention used to treat these viral infections may possess
potent immunosuppressive activity (via inhibition of calcineurin)
or may be completely devoid of immunosuppressive activity (do not
inhibit calcineurin). However, the mechanism that the
immunosuppressive and non-immunosuppressive cyclosporin compounds
share is their activity at cyclophilin A.
[0168] Cyclophilin A enzyme activity, i.e., peptidyl-prolyl
cis-trans isomerase activity, is important to the folding and
trafficking of proteins. The HIV infectivity of CD4+ T-cells and
viral replication are dependent upon the incorporation of
cyclophilin A into HIV-1 virions through interactions with the Gag
polyprotein. Inhibition of the cyclophilin A enzyme activity is
necessary and sufficient for anti-HIV-1 activity.
[0169] In one embodiment of the present invention, the
viral-induced disorder is a human immunodeficiency virus
(HIV)-induced disorder. Thus, compounds of the present invention
that lack immunosuppressant activity as determined by the
Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated murine splenocyte assay but
retain potent peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) inhibitory
(cyclophilin A) activity may possess anti-HIV activity. In
addition, compounds of the present invention that have
immunosuppressive activity as determined by the Con A-stimulated
murine, splenocyte assay and also possess potent PPIase inhibitory
(cyclophilin A) activity may possess anti-HIV activity.
[0170] In vitro biological assays that allow the determination of
binding affinity to cyclophilin A or allow the determination of
inhibition of peptidyl cis-trans isomerase activity are described
in Handschumacher et al., "Cyclophilin: A Specific Cytosolic
Binding Protein for Cyclosporin A," Science 226:544-547 (1984) and
Kofron et al., "Determination of Kinetic Constants for Peptidyl
Prolyl cis-Trans Isomerases by an Improved Spectrophotometric
Assay," Biochemistry 30:6127-6134 (1991), respectively, which are
both hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0171] The in vitro anti-HIV activity of compounds of the present
invention can be measured in established cell line cultures as
described by Mayaux et al., "Triterpene Derivatives That Block
Entry of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Into Cells," Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3564-3568 (1994), which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
[0172] In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound
of the present invention is administered in combination with
antiretroviral agents, such as nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, human
immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors, fusion inhibitors, and
combinations thereof. Examples of nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Zidovudine, Didanosine,
Stavudine, and Lamivudine. Examples of nonnucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitors include, but are not limited to,
Nevirapine, Efavirenz, and Delavirdine. Examples of human
immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors include, but are not
limited to, Saquinovir, Indinavir, and Ritonavir. Examples of
fusion inhibitors include, but are not limited to, Enfuvirtide.
[0173] Although cyclophilin PPIase activity would appear to be
implicated in anti-HCV activity as it is for anti-HIV-1 activity,
the hepatitis C virus (HCV) proteins that may interact with
cyclophilin A have yet to be identified. In another embodiment of
the present invention, the viral-induced disorder is a HCV-induced
disorder. Hepatitis C infections or HCV induced disorders are, for
example, chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, or liver cancer (e.g.,
hepatocellular carcinoma). Thus, compounds of the present invention
that lack immunosuppressant activity as determined by the
Concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated murine splenocyte assay but
retain potent peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) inhibitory
(cyclophilin A) activity may possess anti-HCV activity. In
addition, compounds of the present invention that have
immunosuppressive activity as determined by the Con A-stimulated
murine splenocyte assay and also possess potent PPIase inhibitory
(cyclophilin A) activity may possess anti-HCV activity. The
compounds of the present invention may also be used as a
prophylactic treatment for neonates born to HCV-infected mothers,
for healthcare workers exposed to the virus, or for transplant
recipients, e.g., organ or tissue transplant (e.g. liver
transplant) recipients, to eliminate possible recurrent infection
after transplantation.
[0174] In another embodiment of the present invention, the compound
of the present invention is administered in combination with an
interferon. Examples of interferons include, but are not limited
to, interferon .alpha.2a and interferon .alpha.2b. The interferon
can be a pegylated interferon. Examples of interferons include, but
are not limited to, pegylated interferon .alpha.2a or pegylated
interferon .alpha.2b.
[0175] Utility of the immunosuppressive or non-immunosuppressive
cyclosporin compounds of the present invention in treating diseases
or conditions from HCV infection can be demonstrated in standard
animal or clinical tests in accordance with the methods described
in Examples 89 and 90, for example.
[0176] Some of the compounds disclosed in the present invention
also possess utility in the treatment of autoimmune and chronic
inflammatory diseases such as asthma, rheumatoid arthritis,
multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, and ulcerative colitis, to name only
a few.
[0177] The compounds disclosed in the present invention are also
useful for the treatment of ocular allergy and dry eye. Allergan is
currently marketing a topical formulation of cyclosporin A called
Restasis.TM. (cyclosporin ophthalmic emulsion) for the treatment of
keratoconjunctivitis sicca or chronic dry eye syndrome in patients
whose tear production is presumed to be suppressed due to ocular
inflammation. While the exact mechanism of Restasis.TM. is unknown,
it is thought to act as an immunomodulator with anti-inflammatory
effects ("Annual Update 2003: Ophthalmic Drugs" Drugs of the
Future, 28(3): 287-307 (2003); Clark et al., "Ophthalmic Drug
Discovery," Nature Reviews in Drug Discovery, 2:448-459 (2003),
which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety).
[0178] For treatment of the above-mentioned diseases,
therapeutically effective doses of the compounds of the present
invention may be administered orally, topically, parenterally, by
inhalation spray, or rectally in dosage unit formulations
containing conventional non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable
carriers, adjuvants, and vehicles. The term parenteral, as used
herein, includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous,
intramuscular, intrasternal injection, or infusion techniques.
[0179] The pharmaceutical compositions containing the active
ingredient may be in the form suitable for oral use, for example,
as tablets, troches, lozenges, aqueous or oily suspensions,
dispersible powders or granules, emulsions, hard or soft capsules,
or syrups or elixirs. The pharmaceutical compositions of the
present invention contain the active ingredient formulated with one
or more pharmaceutically acceptable carriers. As used herein, the
term "pharmaceutical acceptable carrier" means a non-toxic, inert
solid, semi-solid or liquid filler, diluent, encapsulating
material, or formulation auxiliary of any type. Some examples of
pharmaceutically acceptable carriers are sugars such as lactose,
glucose, and sucrose; starches such as corn starch or potato
starch; cellulose and its derivatives such as sodium carboxymethyl
cellulose, ethyl cellulose, and cellulose acetate; powdered
tragacanth; malt; gelatin; talc; excipients such as cocoa butter
and suppository waxes; oils such as peanut oil, cottonseed oil,
safflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, corn oil, and soybean oil;
glycols such as propylene glycol; esters such as ethyl oleate and
ethyl laurate; agar; buffering agents such as magnesium hydroxide
and aluminum hydroxide; alginic acid; pyrogen-free water; isotonic
saline; Ringer's solution; ethyl alcohol; phosphate buffer
solutions; non-toxic, compatible lubricants such as sodium lauryl
sulfate and magnesium stearate; as well as coloring agents,
releasing agents, sweetening, and flavoring and perfuming agents.
Preservatives and antioxidants, such as ethyl or n-propyl
p-hydroxybenzoate, can also be included in the pharmaceutical
compositions.
[0180] Dosage forms for topical or transdermal administration of
the compounds disclosed in the present invention include ointments,
pastes, creams, lotions, gels, plasters, cataplasms, powders,
solutions, sprays, inhalants, or patches. The active component is
admixed under sterile conditions with a pharmaceutically acceptable
carrier and any needed preservatives or buffers, as may be
required. The ointments, pastes, creams and gels may contain, in
addition to an active compound of the present invention, excipients
such as animal and vegetable fats, oils, waxes, paraffins, starch,
tragacanth, cellulose derivatives, polyethylene glycols, silicones,
bentonites, silicic acid, talc and zinc oxide, or mixtures
thereof.
[0181] For nasal administration, the compounds disclosed in the
present invention can be administered, as suitable, in liquid or
powdered form from a nasal applicator. Forms suitable for
ophthalmic use will include lotions, tinctures, gels, ointment and
ophthalmic inserts, as known in the art. For rectal administration
(topical therapy of the colon), compounds of the present invention
may be administered in suppository or enema form, in solution in
particular, for example in vegetable oil or in an oily system for
use as a retention enema.
[0182] The compounds disclosed in the present invention may be
delivered to the lungs by the inhaled route either in nebulizer
form or as a dry powder. The advantage of the inhaled route, over
the systemic route, in the treatment of asthma and other diseases
of airflow obstruction and/or chronic sinusitis, is that patients
are exposed to very small quantities of the drug and the compound
is delivered directly to the site of action.
[0183] Dosages of the compounds of the present invention employed
for the treatment of the maladies identified in the present
invention will vary depending on the site of treatment, the
particular condition to be treated, the severity of the condition,
the subject to be treated (who may vary in body weight, age,
general health, sex, and other factors), as well as the effect
desired.
[0184] Dosage levels ranging from about 0.05 mg to about 50 mg per
kilogram of body weight per day are useful for the treatment of the
conditions or diseases identified in the present invention. This
means the amount of the compound disclosed in the present invention
that is administered will range from 2.5 mg to about 2.5 gm per
patient per day.
[0185] The amount of active ingredient that may be combined with
the pharmaceutical carrier materials to produce a single dosage
form will vary depending upon the host treated and the particular
mode of administration. For example, a formulation intended for the
oral administration of humans may contain from 2.5 mg to 2.5 gm of
active compound of the present invention compounded with an
appropriate and convenient amount of carrier material which may
vary from about 5 to 95 percent of the total composition. Dosage
unit forms will generally contain between from about 5 mg to about
500 mg of active compound of the present invention. Dosage for
topical preparation will, in general be less (one tenth to one
hundredth) of the dose required for an oral preparation.
EXAMPLES
[0186] The following examples are provided to illustrate
embodiments of the present invention but are by no means intended
to limit its scope.
Example 1
Preparation of Cyclosporin Acetate
[0187] A solution of cyclosporin A (5.0 g, 4.16 mmol), acetic
anhydride (7.80 mL, 83.2 mmol), and DMAP (760 mg, 6.2 mmol) in
methylene chloride (40 mL) was stirred overnight at room
temperature under a N.sub.2 atmosphere. Saturated sodium
bicarbonate solution (200 mL) was added to the solution and stirred
for an additional 2 h. The mixture was extracted with ether, washed
with 1 N HCl, neutralized with saturated sodium bicarbonate
solution, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and
concentrated in vacuo to afford cyclosporin acetate (4.92 g, 95%)
as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.57
(d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H),
7.47 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.67 (dd, J=11.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.60-5.44
(m, 2H), 5.39 (dd, J=11.7, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.32-5.13 (m, 4H),
5.06-4.93 (m, 2H), 4.85 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H),
4.65 (d, J=13.7 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.46 (s, 3H), 3.26
(s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),
2.66 (s, 3H), 2.50-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.25-1.80 (m, 6H), 2.08 (s, 3H),
2.01 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.55 (m, 6H), 1.45-0.75 (m, 55H); ESI MS m/z
1245 [C.sub.64H.sub.113N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 2
Preparation of Acetyl Cyclosporin Aldehyde
[0188] Ozone was bubbled into a solution of cyclosporin acetate
from Example 1 (3.0 g, 2.4 mmol) in methylene chloride (70 mL) at
-78.degree. C. until a blue color was developed. The mixture was
degassed with nitrogen for a few minutes and dimethylsulfide (3 mL)
was added at -78.degree. C. The reaction mixture was allowed to
warm to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture
was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in ethyl
acetate (300 mL), washed with water (2.times.70 mL) and brine (70
mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo
to afford acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde (2.79 g, 94%) as a white
solid. The crude was carried to the next step without further
purification: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.60 (d,
J=3.5 Hz, 1H), 8.55 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.52
(d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.67 (dd, J=11.0, 3.8
Hz, 1H), 5.60-5.45 (m, 2H), 5.32 (dd, J=12.1, 3.3 Hz, 1H),
5.24-5.10 (m, 2H), 5.08-4.90 (m, 2H), 4.84 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.73
(t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H),
3.46 (s, 3H), 3.29 (s, 6H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s,
3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.50-2.35 (m, 2H), 2.25-1.80 (m, 6H), 1.99 (s,
3H), 1.75-1.55 (m, 3H), 1.50-0.75 (m, 57H); ESI MS m/z 1233
[C.sub.62H.sub.109N.sub.11O.sub.14+H].sup.+.
Example 3
Preparation of Acetyl Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0189] Anhydrous CrCl.sub.2 (100 mg, 0.81 mmol) was suspended in
THF (3 mL) under an argon atmosphere and, then, a solution of
acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (100 mg, 0.081 mmol) and
CHCl.sub.3 (29 mg, 0.243 mmol) in THF (1 mL) were added. The
mixture was stirred at 40.degree. C. under argon for 64 h. After
cooling down to room temperature, the solvent was removed in vacuo
and the residue was purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give the
desired acetyl cyclosporin vinyl chloride (25 mg, 24%) as a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 8.46 (d, J=9.3 Hz,
1H), 8.00 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.8
Hz, 1H), 5.83 (m, 1H), 5.68 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (d, J=1.1 Hz,
2H), 5.44 (d, J=13.5, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (m, 1H), 5.06-4.94 (m, 3H),
4.85 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (d, J=10.6 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J=13.5
Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (q, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (s,
3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.88
(m, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.10 (m,
5H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.92-0.62 (m, 60H); ESI MS m/z 1265
[C.sub.63H.sub.110ClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 4
Preparation of Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0190] Acetyl protected cyclosporin vinyl chloride from Example 3
(20 mg, 0.016 mmol) was dissolved in 4 mL of methanol and, then,
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (100 mg, 0.725 mmol) was added. The mixture was
stirred at room temperature overnight, then diluted with 100 mL of
EtOAc, washed with brine (3.times.10 mL), and dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Solvents were removed in vacuo, and the residue
was purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin vinyl
chloride (13 mg, 67%) as a white solid:
[0191] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 7.98 (d, J=9.7 Hz,
1H), 7.64 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.9
Hz, 1H), 5.95 (m, 1H), 5.85 (d, J=13.3 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (d, J=4.5 Hz,
1H), 5.32 (dd, J=11.3, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.16-4.94 (m, 5H), 4.85 (t,
J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H),
4.54 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.39
(s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.11 (s, 6H), 2.69 (s, 3H),
2.68 (s, 3H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.22-0.62 (m, 65H); ESI MS m/z 1223
[C.sub.61H.sub.108ClN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 94.6% (AUC),
t.sub.R=15.3 min.
Example 5
Preparation of Acetyl Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0192] To an ice-cooled suspension of chromium (II) chloride (1.0
g, 8.2 mmol) in THF (25 mL) was added a solution of acetyl
cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (0.50 g, 0.41 mmol) and
iodoform (1.29 g, 3.28 mmol) in THF (25 mL). After 7 h at 0.degree.
C., the reaction mixture was poured into ice-water (50 mL). The
water layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.60 mL). The
combined organics were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and
concentrated. The material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to
afford acetyl cyclosporin vinyl iodide (290 mg, 52%) as a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.47 (d, J=9.8 Hz,
1H), 8.01 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.5
Hz, 1H), 6.50-6.40 (m, 1H), 5.84 (d, J=14.3 Hz, 1H), 5.69-5.10 (m,
6H), 4.97 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 4.87-4.73 (m, 2H), 4.64 (d, J=13.8
Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.26
(s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H),
2.45-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.28-1.80 (m, 8H), 2.06 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.60 (m,
3H), 1.50-0.75 (m, 56H); ESI MS m/z 1357
[C.sub.63H.sub.110IN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 6
Preparation of Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0193] To a stirred solution of acetyl cyclosporin vinyl iodide
from Example 5 (42 mg, 0.030 mmol) in methanol (4 mL) was added
potassium carbonate (104 mg, 0.750 mmol) at room temperature. After
12 h at room temperature, methanol was evaporated. Water (20 mL)
was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate
(3.times.70 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under vacuum to afford
the crude product. The material was purified by semi-preparative
HPLC to afford cyclosporin vinyl iodide (30 mg, 78%) as a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.90 (d, J=9.3 Hz,
1H), 7.66 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.26
(overlapped with CHCl.sub.3, 1H), 6.55-6.43 (m, 1H), 5.93 (d,
J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (d, J=5.9 Hz, 1H),
5.32 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.12-4.92 (m, 4H), 4.82 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H),
4.74 (d, J=14.8 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (t, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
1H), 3.82 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s,
3H), 3.11 (s, 6H), 2.72 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.48-1.90 (m, 8H),
1.80-1.53 (m, 6H), 1.50-0.72 (m, 55H); ESI MS m/z 1315
[C.sub.61H.sub.108IN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 94.3% (AUC),
t.sub.R=15.82 min.
Example 7
Preparation of the Acetates of cis- and Trans-Deuterated
Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0194] A mixture of acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (500
mg, 0.40 mmol) and iodoform-d (1.35 g, 4.0 mmol) in anhydrous THF
(10 mL) was cooled to -78.degree. C. After cooling, chromium
chloride (1.0 g, 8.0 mmol) was quickly added to the reaction. The
mixture was allowed to warm to 0.degree. C. and stirred under
N.sub.2 atmosphere for 5 h. The mixture was poured into ice-water
(300 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.200 mL).
Combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium
sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified
by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of trans-deuterated
cyclosporin vinyl iodide (220 mg, 40%) as a light brown solid:
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.47 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H),
8.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.44 (dd, J=8.6,
6.1 Hz, 2H), 6.01-5.56 (m, 4H), 5.52 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 2H), 5.28 (d,
J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 3H),
4.85-4.76 (m, 5H), 4.64 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 2H), 4.43 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H),
3.43 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s,
3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 2H), 1.32 (d, J=7.1 Hz,
4H), 1.28 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 4H), 1.06-0.74 (m, 52H); ESI MS m/z 1357
[C.sub.63H.sub.109DIN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; and the acetate of
cis-deuterated cyclosporin vinyl iodide (40 mg, 7%) as a light
brown solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.57 (d,
J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53
(d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.02-5.92 (m, 2H), 5.69 (dd, J=11.0, 3.9 Hz,
1H), 5.54 (d, J=3.9 Hz, 3H), 5.33-5.13 (m, 5H), 4.98 (d, J=11.1 Hz,
3H), 4.82 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 2H), 4.64 (d,
J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 4.32 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H),
3.25 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s,
3H), 2.05 (s, 2H), 1.29 (d, J=5.5 Hz, 4H), 1.24 (d, J=11.9 Hz, 4H),
1.05 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.02-0.64 (m, 50H); ESI MS m/z 1357
[C.sub.63H.sub.109DIN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 8
Preparation of cis-Deuterated Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0195] A solution of the acetate of cis-deuterated cyclosporin
vinyl iodide from Example 7 (40 mg, 0.029 mmol) in methanol (2 mL)
was stirred at room temperature. Reaction mixture was treated with
potassium carbonate (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) and was allowed to keep
stirring under N.sub.2 atmosphere overnight. Mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate
solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in
vacuo. The crude product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to
afford cis-deuterated cyclosporin vinyl iodide (20 mg, 53%) as a
white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.03 (d,
J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.26
(hidden by solvent peak, 1H), 6.17 (dd, J=7.8, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.69
(dd, J=10.8, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 5.31 (dd, J=11.4,
3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.11-4.99 (m, 7H), 4.84 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.83-4.62
(m, 6H), 4.49 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.96 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (s,
3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.69
(s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.35 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 4H), 1.25 (t, J=2.6 Hz,
4H), 1.07-0.81 (m, 50H); ESI MS m/z 1316
[C.sub.61H.sub.107DIN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=20.40 min.
Example 9
Preparation of Trans-Deuterated Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0196] A solution of the acetate of trans-deuterated cyclosporin
vinyl iodide from Example 7 (50 mg, 0.037 mmol) in methanol (2 mL)
was stirred at room temperature. Reaction mixture was treated with
potassium carbonate (60 mg, 0.43 mmol) and was allowed to keep
stirring under N.sub.2 atmosphere overnight. Mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate
solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in
vacuo. The crude product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to
afford trans-deuterated cyclosporin vinyl iodide (29 mg, 60%) as a
white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.95 (d,
J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17
(d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (t, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (dd, J=10.9, 3.8
Hz, 1H), 5.49 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 2H), 5.31 (dd, J=10.8, 3.8 Hz, 1H),
5.10-4.62 (m, 15H), 4.50 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.82 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 2H),
3.51 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s,
3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.34 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 1.25 (d,
J=4.7 Hz, 4H), 1.08-0.81 (m, 48H), 0.74 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H); ESI MS
m/z 1316 [C.sub.61H.sub.107DIN.sub.11O.sub.2+H].sup.+; HPLC>99%
(AUC), t.sub.R=20.17 min.
Example 10
Preparation of the Acetates of cis- and trans-Deuterated
Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0197] A mixture of acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (500
mg, 0.40 mmol) and chloroform-d (0.32 mL, 4.0 mmol) in anhydrous
THF (5 mL) was cooled to -78.degree. C. After cooling, chromium
chloride (1.0 g, 8.0 mmol) was quickly added to the reaction.
Mixture was allowed to warm to 0.degree. C. and stirred under
N.sub.2 atmosphere for 4 h. Mixture was poured into ice-water (300
mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.200 mL). Combined
organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate,
and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by
semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of trans-deuterated
cyclosporin vinyl chloride (136 mg, 27%) as a light brown solid:
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.48 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H),
8.00 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.8 Hz,
1H), 5.84 (dd, J=9.3, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 5.68 (dd, J=1.1, 3.8 Hz, 2H),
5.57 (d, J=4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.48-4.97 (m, 1H),
4.87-4.76 (m, 3H), 4.64 (d, J=12.2 Hz, 2H), 4.43 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H),
3.43 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s,
3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 2H), 1.42-1.27 (m, 8H),
1.06-0.74 (m, 50H); ESI MS m/z 1267
[C.sub.63H.sub.109DClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; and the acetate of
cis-deuterated cyclosporin vinyl chloride (32 mg, 6%) as a light
brown solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.54 (d,
J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58
(d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.71-5.58 (m, 3H), 5.53 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 2H),
5.40-5.10 (m, 6H), 4.98 (d, J=1.0 Hz, 3H), 4.85 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H),
4.75 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 2H), 4.64 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 4.44 (t, J=7.0 Hz,
2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.11
(s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 2H), 1.34-1.27 (m,
8H), 1.05 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.02-0.79 (m, 50H); ESI MS m/z 1267
[C.sub.63H.sub.109DClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 11
Preparation of Trans-Deuterated Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0198] A solution of the acetate of trans-deuterated cyclosporin
vinyl chloride from Example 10 (30 mg, 0.024 mmol) in methanol (2
mL) was stirred at room temperature. Reaction mixture was treated
with potassium carbonate (35 mg, 0.25 mmol) and was allowed to keep
stirring under N.sub.2 atmosphere overnight. Mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate
solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in
vacuo. The crude product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to
afford trans-deuterated cyclosporin vinyl chloride (17 mg, 60%) as
a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.96 (d,
J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21
(d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.92 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 2H), 5.69 (dd, J=11.0, 4.1
Hz, 1H), 5.48 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 2H), 5.33 (dd, J=11.4, 3.9 Hz, 1H),
5.17-4.62 (m, 16H), 4.51 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (t, J=6.4 Hz, 2H),
3.51 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 6H), 2.70 (s,
3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 1.34 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H),
1.08-0.75 (m, 50H), 0.66 (d, J=5.2 Hz, 2H); ESI MS m/z 1224
[C.sub.61H.sub.107DClN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=19.57 min.
Example 12
Preparation of cis-Deuterated Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0199] A solution of the acetate of cis-deuterated cyclosporin
vinyl chloride from example 10 (32 mg, 0.025 mmol) in methanol (2
mL) was stirred at room temperature. Reaction mixture was treated
with potassium carbonate (38 mg, 0.27 mmol) and was allowed to keep
stirring under N.sub.2 atmosphere overnight. Mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate
solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in
vacuo. The crude product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to
afford cis-deuterated cyclosporin vinyl chloride (17 mg, 55%) as a
white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.05 (d,
J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.28
(d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.83-5.77 (m, 2H), 5.69 (dd, J=10.9, 4.0 Hz,
1H), 5.42 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 5.29 (dd, J=11.3, 3.8 Hz, 1H),
5.11-4.98 (m, 7H), 4.82 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.78-4.62 (m, 7H), 4.49
(t, J=7.1 Hz, 2H), 3.94 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s,
3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.68
(s, 3H), 1.34 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.26 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 1.07-0.76
(m, 52H); ESI MS m/z 1224
[C.sub.61H.sub.107DClN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=19.82 min.
Example 13
Preparation of the Acetates of cis- and trans-Cyclosporin Vinyl
Chloride
[0200] NaHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 0.4 mL, 0.4 mmol) was added to a
mixture of (chloromethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (140 mg, 0.4
mmol) and 4 mL of THF at -78.degree. C. under nitrogen, the mixture
was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 1 h, followed by the addition of
a solution of acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (100 mg,
0.08 mmol) in 3 mL of THF. The resulted mixture was stirred at
-78.degree. C. for 2 h, quenched with 4 mL of saturated aqueous
NH.sub.4Cl, extracted with ether (3.times.30 mL). Combined organic
layers were washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. After
that, the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was
purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give the acetate of the
cis-isomer of cyclosporin vinyl chloride (13 mg, 12%) as a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) .delta. 8.56 (d, J=9.6 Hz,
1H), 8.03 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=7.8
Hz, 1H), 5.92 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.67 (m, 2H), 5.53 (d, J=6.0 Hz,
2H), 5.28-5.11 (m, 10H), 4.97 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 3H), 4.85 (t, J=7.2
Hz, 1H), 4.74 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t,
J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 3.23 (s,
3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.42
(m, 1H), 2.23-2.10 (m, 6H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.98-0.62 (m, 51H); ESI
MS m/z 1265 [C.sub.63H.sub.110ClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; and the
acetate of the trans-isomer of cyclosporin vinyl chloride (10 mg,
9.7%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta.
8.46 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=9.0 Hz,
1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.83 (m, 1H), 5.68 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),
5.56 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 2H), 5.44 (d, J=13.5, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (m,
1H), 5.06-4.94 (m, 3H), 4.85 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (d, J=10.6 Hz,
1H), 4.64 (d, J=13.5 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (q,
J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.42 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s,
3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.88 (m, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.42
(m, 1H), 2.22-2.10 (m, 5H), 2.01 (s, 3H), 1.92-0.62 (m, 60H); ESI
MS m/z 1265 [C.sub.63H.sub.110ClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 14
Preparation of the cis-Isomer of Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0201] The acetate of the cis-isomer of cyclosporin vinyl chloride
from Example 13 (13 mg, 0.01 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of
methanol, and then K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added.
The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then diluted
with 100 mL of EtOAc, washed with brine (3.times.10 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Solvents were removed in vacuo, and the residue
was purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give the cis-isomer of
cyclosporin chloride (9 mg, 71%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 8.04 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d,
J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 6.98
(s, 1H), 5.99 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 5.80 (q, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dd,
J=11.0, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 5.28(dd, J=11.4, 3.8
Hz, 1H), 5.10 (m, 2H), 5.06-4.94 (m, 3H), 4.82 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),
4.70 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
1H), 3.95 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s,
3H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69
(s, 3H), 2.42 (m, 2H), 2.22-0.62 (m, 63H); ESI MS m/z 1223
[C.sub.61H.sub.108ClN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 94.6% (AUC),
t.sub.R=15.8 min.
Example 15
Preparation of the Acetate of cis-Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0202] To a vigorously stirred suspension of
(iodomethyl)triphenylphosphonium iodide (1.3 g, 2.4 mmol) in dry
THF (18 mL) under nitrogen, was added sodium
bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (2.4 mL, 1 M in THF, 2.4 mmol). After 10
min at room temperature, the mixture was cooled to 0.degree. C. and
acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (300 mg, 0.240 mmol) in
anhydrous THF (10 mL) was added dropwise. After 10 min at 0.degree.
C., the reaction was quenched with a saturated solution of ammonium
chloride (10 mL), and then allowed to warm to room temperature. The
resulting solid was filtered off through a plug of diatomaceous
earth and washed with ethyl acetate (200 mL). The organic layer was
washed with an aqueous solution of sodium hydrogensulfite (20%, 200
mL), then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated
under vacuum to afford the crude product (540 mg). The material was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of the
cis-isomer of cyclosporin vinyl iodide (150 mg, 46%) as a
pale-brown oil: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.53 (d,
J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 8.15 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63
(d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.02-5.94 (m, 1H), 5.69
(dd, J=10.9, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.61-5.48 (m, 2H), 5.38-5.13 (m, 3H),
4.98 (d, J=10.9 Hz, 2H), 4.87 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (t, J=9.6 Hz,
1H), 4.63 (d, J=14.2 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.98 (s, 3H),
3.43 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s,
3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.30 (m, 1H), 2.22-1.85 (m, 8H), 2.06 (s,
3H), 1.77-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.54-0.75 (m, 56H); ESI MS m/z 1357
[C.sub.63H.sub.110IN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 16
Preparation of cis-Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0203] To a stirred solution of the acetate of the cis-isomer of
cyclosporin vinyl iodide from Example 15 (70 mg, 0.052 mmol) in
methanol (8 mL) was added potassium carbonate (180 mg, 1.30 mmol)
at room temperature. After 12 h at room temperature, methanol was
evaporated. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted
with ethyl acetate (3.times.70 mL). The organic layer was
separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated
under vacuum to afford the crude product (47 mg). The material was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford cis-cyclosporin vinyl
iodide (-19 mg, 28%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.01 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),
7.48 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (s, 2H), 5.69
(dd, J=11.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 5.31 (dd, J=11.3,
3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.12-4.95 (m, 4H), 4.84 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d,
J=13.7 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H),
3.96 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H),
3.12 (s, 6H), 2.69 (s, 6H), 2.48-1.95 (m, 8H), 1.89-1.53 (m, 6H),
1.50-0.72 (m, 55H); ESI MS m/z 1315
[C.sub.61H.sub.108IN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 89.7% (AUC),
t.sub.R=24.46 min.
Example 17
Preparation of the Acetates of cis- and trans-Cyclosporin Vinyl
Bromide
[0204] NaHMDS (1.0 M in THF, 0.8 mL, 0.8 mmol) was added to a
mixture of (bromomethyl)triphenyl phosphonium bromide (348 mg, 0.8
mmol) and 8 mL of THF at -78.degree. C. under nitrogen, the mixture
was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 1 h, followed by the addition of
a solution of acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (200 mg,
0.16 mmol) in 4 mL of THF. The resulted mixture was stirred
-78.degree. C. for 2 h, quenched with 8 mL of saturated aqueous
NH.sub.4Cl, extracted with ether (3.times.30 mL). Combined organic
layers were washed with brine, dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. After
that, the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was
purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give the acetate of the
trans-isomer of cyclosporin vinyl bromide (4 mg, 1.9%) as a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 8.50 (d, J=9.8 Hz,
1H), 7.98 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=9.2
Hz, 1H), 6.18 (m, 1H), 5.86 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dd, J=11.2,
4.6 Hz, 1H), 5.52 (q, J=12.1 Hz, 2H), 5.40 (dd, J=11.6, 4.1 Hz,
1H), 5.28 (dd, J=14.3, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.14 (dd, J=13.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H),
4.96 (dd, J=16.5, 5.5 Hz, 2H), 4.84 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (t,
J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H),
3.43 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.15 (m,
2H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.42 (m, 1H),
2.22-0.62 (m, 68H); ESI MS m/z 1309
[C.sub.63H.sub.10N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; and the acetate of the
cis-isomer of cyclosporin vinyl bromide (13 mg, 6.1%) as a white
solid:
[0205] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) .delta. 8.57 (d, J=9.6 Hz,
1H), 8.04 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.8
Hz, 1H), 6.04 (m, 2H), 5.70 (dd, J=10.8, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (t,
J=11.7 Hz, 1H), 5.32-5.14 (m, 4H), 5.01 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.86 (t,
J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J=14.1 Hz, 1H),
4.44 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H),
3.26 (s, 3H), 3.24 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s,
3H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.22-0.62 (m, 68H); ESI MS m/z 1309
[C.sub.63H.sub.110N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 18
Preparation of cis-Cyclosporin Vinyl Bromide
[0206] The acetate of the cis-isomer of cyclosporin vinyl bromide
from Example 17 (13 mg, 0.01 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of
methanol, and then K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added.
The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then diluted
with 100 mL of EtOAc, washed with brine (3.times.10 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Solvents were removed in vacuo, the residue was
purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give the cis-cyclosporin
vinyl bromide (5.1 mg, 40%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 8.05 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d,
J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 2H), 6.98
(s, 1H), 6.10 (m, 2H), 5.68 (dd, J=10.9, 4.3 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (d,
J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (dd, J=11.5, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.10-5.00 (m, 4H),
4.82 (t, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (t, J=9.4 Hz,
1H), 4.49 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.96 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H),
3.41 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.18 (m, 2H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s,
3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.42 (m, 1H), 2.22-0.62 (m, 64H);
ESI MS m/z 1267 [C.sub.61H.sub.108N.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC
98.3% (AUC), t.sub.R=16.1 min.
Example 19
Preparation of trans-Cyclosporin Vinyl Bromide
[0207] The acetate of the trans-isomer of cyclosporin vinyl bromide
from Example 17 (7 mg, 0.005 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of
methanol, and then K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added.
The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then diluted
with 100 mL of EtOAc, washed with brine (3.times.10 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Solvents were removed in vacuo, and the residue
was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to give trans-cyclosporin
vinyl bromide (4.0 mg, 55%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 7.96 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d,
J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.41 (d, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.20
(ddd, J=22.4, 13.8, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 5.94 (d, J=13.3 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (dd,
J=11.2, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (dd, J=7.9, 4.0
Hz, 1H), 5.13-5.02 (m, 4H), 4.96 (dd, J=10.2, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (t,
J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J=17.7, 9.0 Hz,
1H), 4.61 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (t, J=6.1 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H),
3.39 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.18 (d, J=14.2 Hz, 2H), 3.11 (s, 6H),
2.70 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.45-2.40 (m, 2H), 2.12-2.02 (m, 7H),
1.85-0.76 (m, 57H); ESI MS m/z 1267
[C.sub.61H.sub.108BrN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 98.9% (AUC),
t.sub.R=16.4 min.
Example 20
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Vinyl Dichloride
[0208] To a mixture of acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2
(150 mg, 0.120 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (630 mg, 2.40 mmol) in
acetonitrile (2 mL) was added carbon tetrachloride (0.12 mL, 1.2
mmol) in one portion at 0.degree. C. The mixture was allowed to
warm to room temperature. After 2 h at room temperature, water (5
mL) was added into the solution and then the mixture was extracted
with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The organic layer washed with brine
(20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated. The
crude product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the
acetate of cyclosporin vinyl dichloride (50 mg, 32%) as a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.49 (d, J=9.7 Hz,
1H), 8.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (app t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 5.99 (dd,
J=8.9, 5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dd, J=11.0, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.60-5.45 (m,
2H), 5.41 (dd, J=12.0, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.30-4.75 (m, 6H), 4.63 (d,
J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H),
3.26 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s,
3H), 2.45-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.28-1.85 (m, 8H), 2.03 (s, 3H), 1.75-1.60
(m, 3H), 1.45-0.75 (m, 56H); ESI MS m/z 1299
[C.sub.63H.sub.109Cl.sub.2N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 21
Preparation of Cyclosporin Vinyl Dichloride
[0209] To a stirred solution of the acetate of cyclosporin vinyl
dichloride from Example 20 (45 mg, 0.040 mmol) in methanol (4 mL)
was added potassium carbonate (121 mg, 0.870 mmol) at room
temperature. After 12 h at room temperature, methanol was
evaporated. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted
with ethyl acetate (3.times.70 mL). The organic layer was
separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated
under vacuum to afford the crude product. The material was purified
by semi-preparative HPLC to afford cyclosporin vinyl dichloride (25
mg, 57%) as an off-white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 7.98 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d,
J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (overlapped with CHCl.sub.3, 1H), 6.02 (t,
J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (dd, J=7.0, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (d, J=8.3 Hz,
1H), 5.34 (dd, J=11.7, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.15-4.95 (m, 4H), 4.83 (t,
J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.7144.63 (m, 2H), 4.49 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.92 (t,
J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s,
3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.48-2.34 (m, 2H),
2.20-1.92 (m, 6H), 1.80-1.53 (m, 6H), 1.50-0.75 (m, 55H); ESI MS
m/z 1257 [C.sub.61H.sub.107Cl.sub.2N.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC
97.3% (AUC), t.sub.R=16.42 min.
Example 22
Preparation of the Acetates of cis- and trans-Cyclosporin
Phenylvinyl Chloride
[0210] To a solution of diethyl benzylphosphonate (0.50 mL, 2.4
mmol) in THF (2 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added n-butyllithium (1.1
mL, 2.5 M in hexane, 2.6 mmol) dropwise. After 15 min at
-78.degree. C., a solution of carbon tetrachloride (0.23 mL, 2.4
mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added. After 15 min at -78.degree. C., a
solution of acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (150 mg,
0.120 mmol) in THF (1 mL) was added. After 15 min at -78.degree.
C., the reaction was allowed to warm to room temperature over 1 h.
The reaction was quenched with water (2 mL), and then extracted
with ethyl acetate (2.times.50 mL). The combined organics were
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated. The crude
product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate
of cyclosporin phenylvinyl chloride (118 mg, 73%) as a mixture of
cis and trans-isomers and a pale-brown solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.49 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J=6.5 Hz,
0.5H), 8.00 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 0.5H), 7.76 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d,
J=8.1 Hz, 0.5H), 7.61 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 0.5H), 7.46-7.28 (m, 5H), 6.00
(t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.68-4.82 (m, 10H), 4.70-4.40 (m, 2H), 3.45 (s,
3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 1.5H), 3.18 (s, 1.5H), 3.15 (s, 3H),
3.07 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 1.5H), 2.68 (s, 1.5H), 2.66 (s, 1.5H), 2.64
(s, 1.5H), 2.45-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.20-1.85 (m, 8H), 2.03 (s, 3H),
1.75-1.55 (m, 3H), 1.45-0.50 (m, 56H); ESI MS m/z 1341
[C.sub.69H.sub.114ClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 23
Preparation of cis- and trans-Cyclosporin Phenylvinyl Chloride
[0211] To a stirred solution of the acetate of cyclosporin
phenylvinyl chloride from Example 22 (59 mg, 0.040 mmol) in
methanol (5 mL) was added potassium carbonate (149 mg, 1.07 mmol)
at room temperature. After 12 h at room temperature, methanol was
evaporated. Water (20 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted
with ethyl acetate (3.times.70 mL). The organic layer was
separated, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated
under vacuum to afford the crude product. The material was purified
by semi-preparative HPLC to afford cyclosporin phenylvinyl chloride
(35 mg, 63%) as a mixture of cis- and trans-isomers and a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.10-7.92 (m, 1H),
7.70 (br s, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 2H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 5H), 6.18
(t, J=6.2 Hz, 0.5H), 6.05 (t, J=6.2 Hz, 0.5H), 5.69 (d, J=8.6 Hz,
1H), 5.55 (br s, 1H), 5.37 (dd, J=13.2, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.15-4.45 (m,
8H), 3.81 (br s, 1H), 3.53 (s, 1.5H), 3.49 (s, 1.5H), 3.40 (s,
1.5H), 3.38 (s, 1.5H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 6H), 2.72 (s, 3H),
2.69 (s, 3H), 2.48-1.53 (m, 14H), 1.50-0.75 (m, 55H); ESI MS m/z
1299 [C.sub.67H.sub.112ClN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99%
(AUC), t.sub.R=16.65 min.
Example 24
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin
.alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated Aldehyde
[0212] A mixture of acetyl-protected cyclosporin A from Example 1
(100 mg, 0.08 mmol), acrolein dimethyl acetal (0.018 mL, 0.16
mmol), Grubbs' catalyst 2.sup.nd generation (25 mg, 0.029 mmol) and
methylene chloride (1 mL) was heated at 60.degree. C. in a sealed
tube for 12 h. The catalyst (25 mg) and acrolein dimethyl acetal
(0.018 mL) were refilled, and the mixture was stirred at the same
temperature for an additional 12 h, cooled to room temperature, and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by semi-preparative
HPLC to afford the acetate of cyclosporin
.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde (65 mg, 64%) as an off-white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.42 (d, J=7.9 Hz,
1H), 8.55 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.02 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=8.8
Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.73 (ddd, J=15.5, 10.0, 4.5 Hz,
1H), 5.60 (dd, J=15.5, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.70-4.40 (m, 12H), 3.46 (s,
3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.13 (s, 3H), 2.68
(s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 1.40-0.75
(m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1259
[C.sub.64H.sub.111N.sub.11O.sub.14+H].sup.+.
Example 25
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0213] Chromium (II) chloride (235 mg, 1.92 mmol) was added to a
solution of the acetate of cyclosporin .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated
aldehyde from Example 24 (80 mg, 0.64 mmol) and chloroform (0.05
mL, 0.064 mmol) in THF (3 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was
stirred at 50.degree. C. for 4 h and then cooled to room
temperature, quenched with water, extracted with ethyl acetate. The
combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over sodium
sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of
cyclosporin vinyl chloride (25 mg, 30%) as a white solid: .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.55 (t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (t,
J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.42
(dd, J=13.1, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 6.06 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (dd,
J=15.0, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 5.70-4.35 (m, 13H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s,
3H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.66
(s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI
MS m/z 1291 [C.sub.65H.sub.112ClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 26
Preparation of Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0214] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin vinyl chloride from
Example 25 (25 mg, 0.019 mmol), potassium carbonate (50 mg, 0.36
mmol) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature
overnight, and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water
and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in
vacuo. The residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford
cyclosporin vinyl chloride (15 mg, 61%) as a white solid: .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.98 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d,
J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (t, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.43
(dd, J=13.1, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 6.07 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (dd,
J=15.0, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.72-3.80 (m, 13H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s,
3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69
(s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1249
[C.sub.63H.sub.110ClN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.43 min.
Example 27
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Vinyl Bromide
[0215] Chromium (II) chloride (235 mg, 1.92 mmol) was added to a
solution of the acetate of cyclosporin .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated
aldehyde from Example 24 (80 mg, 0.064 mmol) and bromoform (0.084
mL, 0.96 mmol) in THF (3 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was
stirred under nitrogen for 4 h and then quenched with water,
extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were
washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by semi-preparative
HPLC to afford the acetate of cyclosporin vinyl bromide (13 mg,
15%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
8.55 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=9.2 Hz,
1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (dd, J=13.4, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 6.16
(d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 5.81 (dd, J=15.5, 11.1 Hz, 1H), 5.70-4.35 (m,
13H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11
(s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s,
3H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1334
[C.sub.65H.sub.112BrN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 28
Preparation of Cyclosporin Vinyl Bromide
[0216] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin vinyl bromide from
Example 27 (13 mg, 0.01 mmol), potassium carbonate (30 mg, 0.22
mmol) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature
overnight, and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water
and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in
vacuo. The residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford
cyclosporin vinyl bromide (4 mg, 31%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.95 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d,
J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (t, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.70
(dd, J=13.1, 10.7 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 5.90 (dd,
J=15.0, 10.7 Hz, 1H), 5.72-3.75 (m, 13H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s,
3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69
(s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1292
[C.sub.63H.sub.110BrN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.30 min.
Example 29
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0217] Chromium(II) chloride (340 mg, 2.76 mmol) was added to a
solution of the acetate of cyclosporin .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated
aldehyde from Example 24 (174 mg, 0.138 mmol) and iodoform (540 mg,
1.38 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at -40.degree. C. The mixture was allowed
to warm to 0.degree. C. and stirred under nitrogen for 1 h. The
mixture was poured into ice water, extracted with ethyl acetate.
The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over
sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of
cyclosporin vinyl iodide (125 mg, 65%) as a light yellow solid:
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.55 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H),
8.07 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.84 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.3 Hz,
1H), 6.95 (dd, J=14.2, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 5.82
(dd, J=14.9, 10.6 Hz, 1H), 5.70-4.40 (m, 13H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.24
(s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),
2.67 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H);
ESI MS m/z 1383 [C.sub.65H.sub.112IN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 30
Preparation of Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0218] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin vinyl iodide from
Example 29 (27 mg, 0.02 mmol), potassium carbonate (40 mg, 0.29
mmol) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 h,
and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine,
dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford cyclosporin
vinyl iodide (14 mg, 54%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.95 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 2H),
7.28 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J=14.6, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 6.20-3.80
(m, 15H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H),
3.10 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 1H),
1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1340
[C.sub.63H.sub.110IN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.38 min.
Example 31
Preparation of Cyclosporin Fluoride
[0219] A 25 mL round bottom flask was charged with cyclosporin A
(90 mg, 0.072 mmol), .alpha.,.alpha.,.alpha.-trifluorotoluene (5
mL), 3,3,3-trifluoropropene (200 mg, 2.08 mmol), and
tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-
-2-yl-ene][benzylidine]ruthenium(IV)dichloride (15 mg, 0.018 mmol).
The atmosphere was maintained via a balloon filled with
3,3,3-trifluoropropene. The mixture was stirred at 50.degree. C.
for 72 h with 3,3,3-trifluoropropene refilled every 24 h. After
cooling down to room temperature, solvent was removed in vacuo, the
residue was pre-purified by column chromatography (silical gel, 6:1
EtOAc/CH.sub.3CN) to give 40 mg of light brown solid. The obtained
solid was purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin
fluoride (12 mg, 12.7%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
500 MHz) .delta. 8.25 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H),
7.87 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (m, 1H),
5.93-5.84 (m, 2H), 5.73 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.51-5.47 (m, 1H),
5.48-5.30 (m, 4H), 5.14 (dd, J=6.3, 3.1 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (t, J=7.5 Hz,
1H), 4.95 (d, J=14.6 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (t, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (t,
J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.97 (t, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.52 (s, 3H),
3.38 (s, 3H), 3.37 (m, 2H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.20 (m, 2H), 2.85 (s,
3H), 2.81 (s, 3H), 2.70 (m, 1H), 2.48 (m, 1H), 2.32-2.05 (m, 7H),
1.90-1.65 (m, 9H), 1.68-0.78 (m, 49H); .sup.19F NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
282 MHz) .delta. -64.1, -76.3; ESI MS m/z 1256
[C.sub.62H.sub.108F.sub.3N.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 95.2%
(AUC), t.sub.R=16.65 min.
Example 32
Preparation of Cyclosporin Fluoride
[0220] A 25 mL round bottom flask was charged with cyclosporin A
(100 mg, 0.08 mmol), dichloromethane (5 mL),
1H,1H,2H-heptafluoropent-1-ene (200 mg, 1.02 mmol), and
tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-
-2-yl-ene][benzylidine]ruthenium(IV)dichloride (16 mg, 0.019 mmol).
The mixture was refluxed at 50.degree. C. for 48 h. After cooling
down to room temperature, solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue
was pre-purified by column chromatography (silical gel, 6:1
EtOAc/CH.sub.3CN) to give 40 mg light brown solid. The obtained
solid was purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin
fluoride (12 mg, 10.6%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
500 MHz) .delta. 8.02 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H),
7.49 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (m, 1H), 5.69
(dd, J=10.1, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.53 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.26 (dd, J=16.2,
6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.04-4.99 (m, 2H), 4.92 (dd, J=9.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.82
(t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H),
4.53 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.38
(s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.11(s, 3H), 2.72 (s, 3H),
2.69 (s, 3H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.20-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.48-0.67 (m, 59H);
.sup.19F NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 282 MHz): 6-76.3, -80.8, -112.6, -128.3;
ESI MS m/z 1357 [C.sub.64H.sub.108F.sub.7N.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+;
HPLC 97.7% (AUC), t.sub.R=17.66 min.
Example 33
Preparation of Cyclosporin Fluoride
[0221] A 25 mL round bottom flask was charged with cyclosporin A
(100 mg, 0.08 mmol), dichloromethane (4 mL),
1H,1H,2H-Perfluoro-1-hexene (200 mg, 1.37 mmol), and
tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-
-2-yl-ene][benzylidine]ruthenium(IV)dichloride (15 mg, 0.018 mmol).
The mixture was refluxed under nitrogen at 50.degree. C. for 20 h.
After cooling down to room temperature, solvent was removed in
vacuo, the residue was pre-purified by column chromatography
(silical gel, 6:1 EtOAc/CH.sub.3CN) to give 90 mg light brown
solid. The obtained solid was purified via semi-preparative HPLC to
give the target cyclosporin fluoride (22 mg, 18.8%) as white solid:
.sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 8.00 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H),
7.67 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J=7.8 Hz,
1H), 6.38 (m, 1H), 5.67 (dd, J=10.1, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.51 (d, J=6.0
Hz, 1H), 5.24 (dd, J=16.2, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.04-4.99 (m, 2H), 4.90
(dd, J=9.8, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J=14.0
Hz, 1H), 4.60 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (t,
J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s,
3H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.40 (m, 1H),
2.18-1.88 (m, 6H), 1.87-1.50 (m, 9H), 1.48-0.67 (m, 55H); .sup.19F
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 282 MHz) 6-76.3, -81.5, -112.0, -124.6, -126.2;
ESI MS m/z 1406 [C.sub.65H.sub.108F.sub.9N.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+;
HPLC>99.1% (AUC), t.sub.R=30.84 min.
Example 34
Preparation of Cyclosporin allylic Fluoride
[0222] A 25 mL round bottom flask was charged with cyclosporin A
(100 mg, 0.083 mmol), allyl fluoride (50 mg, 0.83 mmol), and
tricyclohexylphosphine[1,3-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-4,5-dihydroimidazol-
-2-yl-ene][benzylidine]ruthenium(IV) dichloride (34 mg, 0.04 mmol)
and 5 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2. The mixture was refluxed under
nitrogen overnight. After cooling down to room temperature, solvent
was removed in vacuo. The residue was pre-purified by column
chromatography (silica gel, 1:1 hexane/acetone) then purified via
semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin allylic fluoride (52 mg,
51.2%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) .delta.
8.04 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.2 Hz,
1H), 7.23 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.80-5.62 (m, 6H), 5.50 (d, J=6.2 Hz,
1H), 5.30 (dd, J=6.9, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 5.11-4.93 (m, 5H), 4.84 (d,
J=5.6 Hz, 2H), 4.78 (d, J=15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H),
4.62 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 3.81 (t, J=6.4 Hz,
1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 3.11
(s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.20-0.62 (m, 65H); ESI MS m/z
1221 [C.sub.62H.sub.110FN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 94.1%
(AUC), t.sub.R=15.0 min.
Example 35
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Allylic Chloride
[0223] Acetyl-protected cyclosporine A (100 mg, 0.08 mmol) was
dissolved in 5 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and then allyl chloride (61
mg, 0.8 mmol) and Grubbs' catalyst 3.sup.rd generation (25 mg, 0.04
mmol) were added. The mixture was refluxed under N.sub.2 for 48 h.
After that, the solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was
purified via silica gel column (EtOAc) to give the acetate of
cyclosporin allylic chloride (97 mg, yield 94%) as a light yellow
solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) .delta. 8.54 (d, J=9.6 Hz,
1H), 8.04 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=7.8
Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dd, J=1.1, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.53-5.47 (m, 6H), 5.17 (d,
J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 4.97 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 3H), 4.84 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),
4.75 (t, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (t, J=6.9 Hz,
1H), 3.98 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s,
3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.16 (m, 2H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.66
(s, 3H), 2.41 (m, 1H), 2.22-0.78 (m, 66H); ESI MS m/z 1279
[C.sub.64H.sub.112ClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 36
Preparation of Cyclosporin Allylic Chloride
[0224] The acetate of cyclosporin allylic chloride from Example 35
(30 mg, 0.023 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of methanol, and then
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (190 mg, 1.127 mmol) was added. The mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h, and then diluted with 100 mL
of EtOAc, washed with H.sub.2O (10 mL), brine (10 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, solvent was removed in vacuo, the residue was
purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin allylic
chloride (15 mg, 51%) as a white solid:
[0225] .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz) .delta. 8.05 (d, J=10.1
Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d,
J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (m, 2H), 5.57 (t, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (d, J=6.4
Hz, 1H), 5.28 (m, 1H), 5.12-4.94 (m, 4H), 4.82 (q, J=7.0 Hz, 1H),
4.72 (d, J=13.9 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
1H), 4.02 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.82 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H),
3.40 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 6H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s,
3H), 2.48 (m, 2H), 2.22-0.62 (m, 68H); ESI MS m/z 1237
[C.sub.62H.sub.110ClN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 97.9% (AUC),
t.sub.R=15.5 min.
Example 37
Preparation of Cyclosporin Amine
[0226] The acetate of cyclosporin allylic chloride from Example 35
(35 mg, 0.027 mmol) was mixed with dimethyl amine in THF (1.0 M,
6.0 mL, 6.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred under nitrogen at room
temperature overnight. After that, the solvent was removed in vacuo
to give the crude acetyl cyclosporin amine (40 mg). The crude
product (40 mg, 0.03 mmol) was dissolved in 3 mL of methanol, and
then K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (215 mg, 1.55 mmol) was added. The mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 4 h, then diluted with 100 mL of
EtOAc, washed with brine (3.times.10 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was
purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin amine (10.1
mg, 26%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz)
.delta. 8.18 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d,
J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.92 (m, 1H), 5.69 (dd,
J=11.2, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 5.50 (m, 4H), 5.23 (dd, J=11.6, 3.3 Hz, 2H),
5.11-4.96 (m, 8H), 4.85 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.69 (d, J=13.6 Hz, 1H),
4.62 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.59 (t, J=6.4 Hz,
1H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 3.11
(s, 3H), 2.78 (dd, J=9.1, 3.1 Hz, 8H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),
2.50-0.62 (m, 60H); ESI MS m/z 1246
[C.sub.64H.sub.116N.sub.12O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 97.3% (AUC),
t.sub.R.sub.=13.5 min.
Example 38
Preparation of Cyclosporin Pyrrolidine
[0227] The acetate of cyclosporin allylic chloride from Example 35
(13 mg, 0.01 mmol) and pyrrolidine (7 mg, 0.1 mmol) were dissolved
in 2 mL of CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and the mixture was stirred at room
temperature under nitrogen for 48 h. The solvent was removed in
vacuo to give the crude acetyl pyrrolidine compound (13 mg). The
crude product (13 mg, 0.01 mmol) was dissolved in 2 mL of methanol,
and then K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) was added. The mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 48 h, then diluted with 100 mL
of EtOAc, washed with brine (3.times.10 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Solvent was removed in vacuo, and the residue was
purified via semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin pyrrolidine
(3 mg, 23%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 500 MHz)
.delta. 8.20 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d,
J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (m, 1H), 5.70 (dd,
J=11.0, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.52 (m, 1H), 5.45 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.23
(dd, J=12.0, 4.8 Hz, 1H), 5.15-4.94 (m, 6H), 4.83 (t, J=7.3 Hz,
1H), 4.70 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (t, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (t,
J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.90 (m, 1H), 3.72 (m, 2H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.41 (s,
3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.25 (m, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H),
3.02-2.85 (m, 10H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.42 (m, 2H),
2.22-0.62 (m, 61H); ESI MS m/z 1272
[C.sub.66H.sub.118N.sub.12O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 96.6% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.4 min.
Example 39
Preparation of Cyclosporin Acetamide
[0228] The acetate of cyclosporin allylic chloride from Example 35
(30 mg, 0.023 mmol) was mixed with methylamine in THF (2.0 M, 4.0
mL, 8.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at room temperature under
nitrogen overnight. After that, the solvent was removed in vacuo to
give the crude acetyl cyclosporin methylamine (30 mg). The
methylamine (30 mg, 0.024 mmol) was dissolved in 4 mL of
CH.sub.2Cl.sub.2, and then Ac.sub.2O (48 mg, 0.47 mmol), pyridine
(37 mg, 0.47 mmol) and DMAP (3 mg, 0.024 mmol) were added. The
mixture was stirred under nitrogen at room temperature overnight,
then diluted with 100 mL of EtOAc, washed with brine (3.times.10
mL), and dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Solvents were removed in
vacuo, and the residue was purified via semi-preparative HPLC to
give cyclosporin acetamide (12 mg, 39%) as a white solid. .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) .delta. 8.49 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d,
J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.82 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.68
(dd, J=12.2, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (m, 3H), 5.17 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 2H),
4.96 (d, J=11.1 Hz, 3H), 4.84 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 4.68 (d, J=14.1
Hz, 3H), 4.44 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.88 (d, J=5.1 Hz, 1H), 3.48 (s,
3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.93
(d, J=6.9 Hz, 4H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.24-2.18 (m, 7H),
2.01 (s, 3H), 2.12-0.62 (m, 63H); ESI MS m/z 1315
[C.sub.67H.sub.118N.sub.12O.sub.14+H].sup.+.
Example 40
Preparation of Cyclosporin Amide
[0229] Cyclosporin amide from Example 39 (12 mg, 0.009 mmol) was
dissolved in 2 mL of methanol, and then K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (63 mg,
0.456 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room temperature
for 4 h, then diluted with 100 mL of EtOAc, washed with brine
(3.times.10 mL), dried over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4. Solvents were removed
in vacuo, and the residue was purified via semi-preparative HPLC to
give cyclosporin amide (4.5 mg, 38%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(CD.sub.2Cl.sub.2, 500 MHz) .delta. 8.00 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59
(d, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (s, 1H), 5.69 (dd, J=10.5, 4.0 Hz, 1H),
5.63 (m, 1H), 5.47 (d, J=4.5 Hz, 2H), 5.28 (m, 1H), 5.07 (d, J=6.5
Hz, 3H), 5.00 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.81 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 4.70 (d,
J=14.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H),
4.00-3.87 (m, 3H), 3.80 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s,
3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 6H), 2.93 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 6H), 2.70 (s,
3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.45 (m, 2H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.12-0.62 (m, 6H);
ESI MS m/z 1274 [C.sub.65H.sub.116N.sub.12O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC
93.7% (AUC), t.sub.R=14.3 min.
Example 41
Preparation of Cyclosporin Piperidine
[0230] A solution of the acetate of cyclosporin allylic chloride
from Example 35 (50 mg, 0.04 mmol) and piperidine (33 mg, 0.4 mmol)
in methylene chloride (3 mL) was stirred overnight at room
temperature under N.sub.2 atmosphere. Mixture was diluted with
ether and extracted with 1 N HCl. Aqueous layer was neutralized
with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution, extracted with ethyl
acetate, washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and
concentrated in vacuo to afford the crude cyclosporin acetate (12
mg) as an off-white solid. A solution of the crude acetate (12 mg,
0.009 mmol) and potassium carbonate (13 mg, 0.099 mmol) in methanol
(1 mL) was stirred overnight at room temperature under N.sub.2
atmosphere. Mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with
saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over sodium
sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified
by semi-preparative HPLC to afford cyclosporin piperidine (8.3 mg,
17%) as an off-white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CD.sub.2Cl.sub.2)
.delta. 8.15 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d,
J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.71 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.44
(d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.40-4.90 (m, 6H), 4.84 (t, J=4.38 Hz, 2H), 4.79
(s, 1H), 4.69 (dd, J=17.4, 14.0 Hz, 2H), 4.47 (t, J=14.3 Hz, 2H),
4.16 (d, J=10.7 Hz, 2H), 3.47 (s, 3H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H),
3.26 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 1.51 (d,
J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.40-1.20 (m, 22H), 1.40-0.80 (m, 54H); ESI MS m/z
1286 [C.sub.67H.sub.120N.sub.12O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 96.4% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.69 min.
Example 42
Preparation of Cyclosporin Morpholine
[0231] A solution of the acetate of cyclosporin allylic chloride
from Example 35 (75 mg, 0.058 mmol) and morpholine (51 mg, 0.58
mmol) in methylene chloride (3 mL) was stirred overnight at room
temperature under N.sub.2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated
in vacuo. The residue and potassium carbonate (114 mg, 0.83 mmol)
were dissolved in methanol (3 mL) and allowed to stir overnight at
room temperature under N.sub.2 atmosphere. The mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate
solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in
vacuo. The crude product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to
afford cyclosporin morpholine (28.2 mg, 29%) as a pale yellow
solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CD.sub.2Cl.sub.2) .delta. 7.97 (d,
J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15
(d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 5.67 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.44 (d, J=6.2 Hz, 1H),
5.10-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.79 (t, J=14.5 Hz, 2H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 4.63 (dd,
J=14.7, 6.4 Hz, 2H), 4.42 (t, J=14.2 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.36
(s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),
2.56 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.40 (m, 19H), 1.27-0.70 (m, 54H); ESI MS m/z
1288 [C.sub.66H.sub.118N.sub.12O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC>99%
(AUC), t.sub.R=15.16 min.
Example 43
Preparation of Cyclosporin Thiomorpholine
[0232] A solution of the acetate of cyclosporin allylic chloride
from Example 35 (60 mg, 0.047 mmol) and thiomorpholine (48 mg, 0.47
mmol) in methylene chloride (3 mL) was stirred overnight at room
temperature under N.sub.2 atmosphere. The mixture was concentrated
in vacuo. The residue and potassium carbonate (102 mg, 0.740 mmol)
were dissolved in methanol (3 mL) and allowed to stir overnight at
room temperature under N.sub.2 atmosphere. The mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate
solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in
vacuo. The crude product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to
afford cyclosporine thiomorpholine (28.8 mg, 33%) as a white solid:
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CD.sub.2Cl.sub.2) .delta. 7.96 (d, J=9.7 Hz,
1H), 7.59 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=7.7
Hz, 1H), 5.67 (dd, J=10.9, 4.1 Hz, 1H), 5.05-5.48 (m, 9H), 5.43 (d,
J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 5.28 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d, J=3.8 Hz, 1H),
5.15-4.89 (m, 5H), 4.79 (t, J=14.5 Hz, 2H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 4.64 (dd,
J=14.8, 5.8 Hz, 2H), 4.23 (t, J=14.5 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.35
(s, 3H), 3.21(s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 3.08 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),
2.65 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.40 (m, 15H), 1.27-0.70 (m, 54H): ESI MS m/z
1304 [C.sub.66H.sub.118N.sub.12O.sub.12S+H].sup.+; HPLC>99%
(AUC), t.sub.R=13.00 min.
Example 44
Preparation of Cyclosporin Methylpiperazine
[0233] A solution of the acetate of cyclosporin allylic chloride
from Example 35 (75 mg, 0.058 mmol) and methylpiperazine (58 mg,
0.58 mmol) in methylene chloride (3 mL) was stirred overnight at
room temperature under N.sub.2 atmosphere. The mixture was
concentrated in vacuo. The residue and potassium carbonate (102 mg,
0.740 mmol) were dissolved in methanol (3 mL) and allowed to stir
overnight at room temperature under N.sub.2 atmosphere. The mixture
was diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with saturated sodium
bicarbonate solution and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and
concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by
semi-preparative HPLC to afford cyclosporin methylpiperazine (36.2
mg, 42%) as an off-white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CD.sub.2Cl.sub.2) .delta. 7.95 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.1
Hz, 1H), 7.42 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.67 (d,
J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.15-4.90 (m, 10H), 4.79 (t,
J=14.6 Hz, 2H), 4.72 (s, 1H), 4.64 (dd, J=14.3, 5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.42
(t, J=14.4 Hz, 2H), 3.45 (s, 3H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.09
(s, 3H), 3.07 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.28 (s, 3H),
2.15-1.40 (m, 19H), 1.27-0.70 (m, 55H); ESI MS m/z 1301
[C.sub.67H.sub.121N.sub.13O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=15.89 min.
Example 45
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin ene-ene-yne
[0234] Zinc chloride (1.0 M in ether, 0.62 mL, 0.62 mmol) was added
to a solution of 1-propynylmagnesium bromide (0.5 M in THF, 1.24
mL, 0.62 mmol) in THF (1 mL) at 0.degree. C. and the mixture was
stirred under nitrogen for 10 min. The ice bath was removed and the
mixture was warmed to room temperature. The acetate of cyclosporin
vinyl iodide from Example 29 (85 mg, 0.062 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was
added, followed by addition of
bis(triphenylphosphine)dichloropalladium(II) (4.3 mg, 0.0062 mmol).
The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h, quenched with
saturated aqueous ammonium chloride, extracted with ethyl acetate.
The combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried over
sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of
cyclosporin ene-ene-yne (17 mg, 22%) as a yellow oil: .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.56 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d,
J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.45
(dd, J=15.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.90 (dd, J=15.3, 10.8 Hz, 1H),
5.70-4.40 (m, 14H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 6H), 3.10
(s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.01 (s,
3H), 1.96 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1295
[C.sub.68H.sub.115N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 46
Preparation of Cyclosporin ene-ene-yne
[0235] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin ene-ene-yne from
Example 45 (17 mg, 0.013 mmol), potassium carbonate (30 mg, 0.22
mmol) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature
overnight, and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water
and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in
vacuo. The residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford
cyclosporin ene-ene-yne (6 mg, 36%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.98 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d,
J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.47
(dd, J=15.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.99 (dd, J=15.1, 10.8 Hz, 1H),
5.78-3.75 (m, 14H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.11
(s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m,
1H), 1.96 (d, J=2.0 Hz, 3H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1252
[C.sub.66H.sub.113N.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.09 min.
Example 47
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin ene-ene-yne
[0236] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin vinyl iodide from
Example 29 (250 mg, 0.180 mmol), 3-butyn-2-ol (0.13 mL, 1.8 mmol),
bis(triphenylphosphine)dichloropalladium(II) (13 mg, 0.018 mmol),
copper(I) iodide (7 mg, 0.036 mmol) and triethylamine (2 mL) was
stirred under nitrogen at room temperature for 4 h. The mixture was
diluted with ethyl acetate, filtered through a pad of silica gel,
washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo
and the residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the
acetate of cyclosporin ene-ene-yne (166 mg, 70%) as a white solid:
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.53 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H),
8.05 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=7.6 Hz,
1H), 6.50 (dd, J=15.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.93 (dd, J=15.0, 10.8 Hz,
1H), 5.75-4.40 (m, 15H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H),
3.20 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50
(m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 62H); ESI MS m/z 1324
[C.sub.69H.sub.117N.sub.11O.sub.14+H].sup.+.
Example 48
Preparation of Cyclosporin ene-ene-yne
[0237] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin ene-ene-yne from
Example 47 (11 mg, 0.008 mmol), potassium carbonate (30 mg, 0.22
mmol) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature
overnight, and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water
and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in
vacuo. The residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford
cyclosporin ene-ene-yne (5 mg, 45%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.79 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d,
J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.50
(dd, J=15.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (dd, J=15.2, 10.8 Hz, 1H),
5.75-3.75 (m, 15H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.38 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.11
(s, 3H), 3.09 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m,
1H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 62H); ESI MS m/z 1282
[C.sub.67H.sub.115N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=13.42 min.
Example 49
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin ene-ene-yne-ene
[0238] A mixture of the crude acetate of cyclosporin ene-ene-yne
from Example 47 (136 mg, 0.10 mmol), Burgess reagent (119 mg, 0.50
mmol) and benzene (2 mL) was heated at 70.degree. C. for 5 h, and
then cooled to room temperature, diluted with ether, washed with
water and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and
concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by semi-preparative
HPLC to afford the desired acetate of cyclosporin ene-ene-yne-ene
(10 mg, 7%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 8.53 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d,
J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (dd, J=14.5, 11.0 Hz,
1H), 5.93 (dd, J=14.3, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.76-4.40 (m, 17H), 3.44 (s,
3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.67
(s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.40-0.82
(m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1307
[C.sub.69H.sub.115N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 50
Preparation of Cyclosporin ene-ene-yne-ene
[0239] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin ene-ene-yne-ene from
Example 49 (10 mg, 0.008 mmol), potassium carbonate (30 mg, 0.22
mmol) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 8 h,
and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine,
dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford cyclosporin
ene-ene-yne-ene (3 mg, 30%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.01 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=7.0 Hz,
1H), 7.48 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (dd,
J=15.5, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 6.03 (dd, J=14.5, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 5.93 (ddd,
J=17.5, 11.0, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.72-3.75 (m, 16H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.39
(s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 6H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),
2.50-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1265
[C.sub.67H.sub.113N.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC 90.8% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.55 min.
Example 51
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin ene-ene-yne
[0240] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin vinyl iodide from
Example 29 (56 mg, 0.041 mmol), (trimethylsilyl)acetylene (0.056
mL, 0.41 mmol), bis(triphenylphosphine)dichloropalladium(II) (5.7
mg, 0.0082 mmol), copper(I) iodide (3.1 mg, 0.016 mmol), and
triethylamine (1 mL) was stirred under nitrogen at room temperature
for 1 h, and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine,
dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate
of cyclosporin ene-ene-yne (34 mg, 64%) as a light yellow solid:
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.55 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H),
8.04 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=7.2 Hz,
1H), 6.55 (dd, J=15.5, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 5.90 (dd, J=14.8, 10.8 Hz,
1H), 5.70-4.40 (m, 14H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H),
3.19 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50
(m, 10H), 2.00 (s, 3H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H), 0.17 (s, 9H); ESI MS
m/z 1353 [C.sub.70H.sub.121N.sub.11O.sub.13Si+H].sup.+.
Example 52
Preparation of Cyclosporin ene-ene-yne
[0241] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin ene-ene-yne from
Example 51 (34 mg, 0.025 mmol), potassium carbonate (30 mg, 0.22
mmol) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature
overnight, and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water
and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in
vacuo. The residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford
cyclosporin ene-ene-yne (15 mg, 48%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.98 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d,
J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.64
(dd, J=15.6, 10.7 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (dd, J=14.9, 10.7 Hz, 1H),
5.80-3.75 (m, 14H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.12
(s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.98 (d, J=2.2 Hz, 1H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69
(s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.4(00.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1239
[C.sub.65H.sub.111N.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=19.40 min.
Example 53
Preparation of the Acetate of cis-Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0242] Ethyl triphenylphosphonium iodide (203 mg, 0.49 mmol) was
dissolved in THF (3 mL) and treated with n-BuLi (0.4 mL, 2.5 M in
hexanes, 0.98 mmol) at room temperature under N.sub.2 atmosphere.
Reaction mixture was cooled to -78.degree. C. and treated with a
solution of 12 (109 mg, 0.43 mmol) in THF (2 mL). Mixture was
stirred for 5 min and then warmed to -15.degree. C. for 5 min.
Next, the reaction was treated with sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide
(0.4 mL, 1 M in THF, 0.41 mmol) and stirred for an additional 5
min. Acetyl cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 2 (500 mg, 0.4 mmol)
was added to the reaction, stirred at -15.degree. C. for 10 min,
and then allowed to warm to room temperature. Reaction was poured
into a saturated solution of NH.sub.4Cl and extracted with ether.
Organic layer washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and
concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by
semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of the cis-cyclosporin
vinyl iodide (13 mg, 2%) as an off-white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.56 (d, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=6.8 Hz,
1H), 7.65 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dd,
J=10.9, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.57 (s, 1H), 5.52 (d, J=6.1 Hz, 2H), 5.38
(dd, J=11.8, 3.5 Hz, 1H), 5.28-5.13 (m, 8H), 5.02 (d, J=10.5 Hz,
3H), 4.84 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 2H), 4.77 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 2H), 4.64 (d,
J=13.8 Hz, 2H), 4.42 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 2H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H),
3.24 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s,
3H), 2.46 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 2H), 1.32 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 1.27 (d,
J=7.1 Hz, 4H), 1.02-0.79 (m, 52H); ESI MS m/z 1371
[C.sub.64H.sub.112IN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 54
Preparation of cis-Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0243] A solution of the acetate of cis-cyclosporin vinyl iodide
from Example 53 (13 mg, 0.009 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) was stirred
at room temperature. Reaction mixture was treated with potassium
carbonate (15 mg, 0.11 mmol) and was allowed to keep stirring under
N.sub.2 atmosphere overnight. Mixture was diluted with ethyl
acetate, washed with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and
brine, dried over sodium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The
crude product was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford
cis-cyclosporin vinyl iodide (6 mg, 47%) as a white solid: .sup.1H
NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 7.93 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d,
J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.44 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.68
(dd, J=11.0, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.45 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 5.39-5.33 (m,
4H), 5.13-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.81 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 2H), 4.74-4.63 (m, 6H),
4.50 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 2H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H),
3.11 (s, 6H), 2.69 (s, 6H), 2.48 (s, 2H), 1.35 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 2H),
1.27-1.24 (m, 4H), 1.08-0.83 (m, 48H), 0.79 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H); ESI
MS m/z 1329 [C.sub.62H.sub.110IN.sub.11O.sub.12+H].sup.+;
HPLC>99% (AUC), t.sub.R=21.02 min.
Example 55
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Oxime
[0244] Methoxyamine hydrochloride (4.3 mg, 0.052 mmol) was added to
a solution of the acetate of cyclosporin .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated
aldehyde from Example 24 (65 mg, 0.052 mmol) in pyridine (1 mL) at
room temperature. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen for 1 h
and then diluted with ether, washed with 0.2 N HCl and brine, dried
over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the desired
acetate of cyclosporin oxime (31 mg, 47%) as a white solid and a
mixture of two isomers: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
8.54 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 8.04 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=9.8 Hz,
2H), 7.51 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (dd, J=15.5, 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.00
(dd, J=15.5, 9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.70-4.41 (m, 12H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.45
(s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H),
2.68 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H),
1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1288
[C.sub.65H.sub.114N.sub.12O.sub.14+H].sup.+.
Example 56
Preparation of Cyclosporin Oxime
[0245] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin oxime from Example
55 (24 mg, 0.019 mmol), potassium carbonate (30 mg, 0.22 mmol) and
methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature overnight, and then
diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over
sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was dissolved in methylene chloride and filtered through a
microfilter (0.2 .mu.m), and the filtrate was concentrated and
dried under vacuum to afford cyclosporin oxime (21 mg, 90%) as a
white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.04 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49
(d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.07 (dd, J=15.5, 9.5
Hz, 1H), 5.93 (ddd, J=15.4, 8.0, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.72-3.82 (m, 12H),
3.85 (s, 3H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s,
3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 1H),
1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1246
[C.sub.63H.sub.112N.sub.12O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R.sub.=13.31 min.
Example 57
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Oxime
[0246] O-Ethylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (3.1 mg, 0.032 mmol) was
added to a solution of the acetate of cyclosporin
.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde from Example 24 (40 mg, 0.032
mmol) in pyridine (0.5 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was
stirred under nitrogen for 1 h and then diluted with ethyl acetate,
washed with 1 N HCl and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,
and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by
semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of the desired
cyclosporin oxime (8 mg, 20%) as a white solid and a mixture of two
isomers: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.53 (d, J=9.5
Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d,
J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.58 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (dd, J=15.5, 9.0 Hz,
1H), 6.04 (dd, J=15.5, 9.1 Hz, 1H), 5.75-4.10 (m, 14H), 3.44 (s,
3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.68
(s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.40-0.82
(m, 61H); ESI MS m/z 1302
[C.sub.66H.sub.116N.sub.12O.sub.14+H].sup.+.
Example 58
Preparation of Cyclosporin Oxime
[0247] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin oxime from Example
57 (8 mg, 0.006 mmol), potassium carbonate (30 mg, 0.22 mmol) and
methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 h, and then
diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over
sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue
was dissolved in methylene chloride and filtered through a
microfilter (0.2 .mu.m), and the filtrate was concentrated and
dried under vacuum to afford cyclosporin oxime (7 mg, 88%) as a
white solid: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.04 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.72 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.49
(d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.07 (dd, J=15.5, 9.5
Hz, 1H), 5.92 (ddd, J=15.5, 8.5, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 5.71-3.82 (m, 14H),
3.51 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s,
3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.40-0.82 (m,
61H); ESI MS m/z 1260 [C.sub.64H.sub.114N.sub.12O.sub.13+H].sup.+;
HPLC 95.0% (AUC), t.sub.R=16.91 min.
Example 59
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Oxime
[0248] O-Benzylhydroxylamine hydrochloride (5.1 mg, 0.032 mmol) was
added to a solution of the acetate of cyclosporin
.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde from Example 24 (40 mg, 0.032
mmol) in pyridine (0.5 mL) at room temperature. The mixture was
stirred under nitrogen for 1 h and then diluted with ethyl acetate,
washed with 1 N HCl and brine, dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,
and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by
semi-preparative HPLC to afford the desired acetate of cyclosporin
oxime (7 mg, 16%) as a white solid and a mixture of two isomers:
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.53 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H),
8.05 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.76 (d, J=9.9 Hz,
1H), 7.70-7.28 (m, 6H), 6.56 (dd, J=15.7, 9.4 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (dd,
J=15.5, 10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.75-4.41 (m, 14H), 3.44 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s,
3H), 3.19 (s, 6H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H),
2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z
1364 [C.sub.71H.sub.118N.sub.12O.sub.14+H].sup.+.
Example 60
Preparation of Cyclosporin Oxime
[0249] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin oxime from Example
59 (7 mg, 0.005 mmol), potassium carbonate (30 mg, 0.22 mmol) and
methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 4 h, and then
diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over
sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was
dissolved in methylene chloride and filtered through a microfilter
(0.2 .mu.m), and the filtrate was concentrated and dried under
vacuum to afford cyclosporin oxime (6 mg, 86%) as a white solid:
.sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.03 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H),
7.79 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.0 Hz,
1H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 5H), 7.16 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.07 (dd, J=15.5,
10.0 Hz, 1H), 5.94 (ddd, J=15.5, 8.5, 6.5 Hz, 1H), 5.71-3.85 (m,
14H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 6H), 2.69
(s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI
MS m/z 1322 [C.sub.69H.sub.116N.sub.12O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC 97.5%
(AUC), t.sub.R=20.40 min.
Example 61
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Hydrazone
[0250] 1,1-Dimethylhydrazine (2.4 .mu.L, 0.032 mmol) was added to a
solution of the acetate of cyclosporin .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated
aldehyde from Example 24 (40 mg, 0.032 mmol) in methanol (1 mL) at
room temperature. The mixture was stirred under nitrogen for 2 h
and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with brine, dried over
sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford the desired acetate of
cyclosporin hydrazone (15 mg, 36%) as a white solid and a mixture
of two isomers: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.42 (d,
J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 8.03 (d, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.78
(d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (dt, J=15.5, 8.0
Hz, 1H), 6.11 (dd, J=15.5, 9.5 Hz, 1H), 5.71-4.41 (m, 12H), 3.46
(s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 9H),
2.68 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 10H), 2.02 (s, 3H),
1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1301
[C.sub.66H.sub.117N.sub.13O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 62
Preparation of Cyclosporin Hydrazone
[0251] A mixture of the acetate of cyclosporin hydrazone from
Example 61 (15 mg, 0.011 mmol), potassium carbonate (40 mg, 0.29
mmol) and methanol (1 mL) was stirred at room temperature for 6 h,
and then diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine,
dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The
residue was dissolved in methylene chloride and filtered through a
microfilter (0.2 .mu.m), and the filtrate was concentrated and
dried under vacuum to afford cyclosporin hydrazone (12 mg, 82%) as
a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.03 (d,
J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.61 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.15
(d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.15 (dd, J=15.7, 8.9
Hz, 1H), 5.71-3.75 (m, 13H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.24 (s,
3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.85 (s, 6H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69
(s, 3H), 2.50-1.50 (m, 1H), 1.40-0.82 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1259
[C.sub.64H.sub.115N.sub.13O.sub.12+H].sup.+.
Example 63
Preparation of Cyclosporin Diol
[0252] To a mechanically stirred solution of diisopropylamine (2.6
mL, 18 mmol) in THF (50 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added dropwise
n-butyllithium (6.6 mL, 2.5 M in hexane, 17 mmol), then the mixture
was stirred for 0.5 h. A solution of cyclosporin A (1.0 g, 0.83
mmol) in THF (8 mL) was added, and then the mixture was stirred for
2 h at -78.degree. C. Paraformaldehyde (8.0 g) was heated to
170.degree. C. and the resulting formaldehyde gas was transferred
into the reaction via a glass tube which was wrapped with cotton
and aluminum foil over 2 h. After stirred another 1 h at
-78.degree. C., the reaction mixture was quenched with water (10
mL). The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature, diluted
with ethyl acetate (150 mL) and washed with water (2.times.50 mL).
The organic layer was separated, dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude material was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford cyclosporin diol (0.45
g, 44%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
8.09 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.57 (d, J=8.2 Hz,
1H), 7.15 (overlapped with CHCl.sub.3, 1H), 5.70 (dd, J=11.0, 4.0
Hz, 1H), 5.49 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 5.38-5.30 (m, 3H), 5.16-4.93 (m,
5H), 4.83 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J=7.2
Hz, 1H), 4.05 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (t, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 3.49 (s,
3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.70
(s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.50-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.92 (m, 6H),
1.75-0.65 (m, 64H); ESI MS m/z 1233
[C.sub.63H.sub.113N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+.
Example 64
Preparation of Cyclosporin Diacetate
[0253] To a solution of cyclosporin diol from Example 63 (0.43 g,
0.35 mmol) in methylene chloride (5 mL) was added pyridine (0.57
mL, 7.0 mmol) followed by 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (86 mg, 0.70
mmol) and acetic anhydride (1.0 mL, 10.5 mmol). The reaction
mixture was stirred for 2 days at room temperature. The reaction
was diluted with ethyl ether (150 mL), washed with a saturated
solution of sodium bicarbonate (30 mL), 1N HCl solution (30 mL) and
brine (30 mL). The organic layer was separated, dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum. The crude
material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford
cyclosporin diacetate (0.23 g, 50%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.60 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d,
J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 5.68
(dd, J=11.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (s, 2H), 5.40-4.95 (m, 8H), 4.85 (t,
J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (t, J=9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.34 (m, 3H), 3.37 (s,
3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.67
(s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.48-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s,
3H), 1.98-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.75-0.65 (m, 67H); ESI MS m/z 1317
[C.sub.67H.sub.117N.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
Example 65
Preparation of Cyclosporin Aldehyde
[0254] Ozone was bubbled into a solution of cyclosporin diacetate
from Example 64 (0.22 g, 0.17 mmol) in methylene chloride (10 mL)
at -78.degree. C. until a blue color was developed. The mixture was
degassed with nitrogen for a few min and dimethylsulfide (0.4 mL)
was added at -78.degree. C. The reaction mixture was allowed to
warm to room temperature and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture
was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in ethyl
acetate (120 mL), washed with water (2.times.20 mL) and brine (30
mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo
to afford cyclosporin aldehyde (0.19 g, 86%) as a white solid. The
crude was carried to the next step without further purification:
.sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.55 (d, J=3.4 Hz, 1H),
8.60 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (d, J=7.7 Hz,
1H), 7.33 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dd, J=11.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.53
(d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 5.47 (d, J=11.2 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (dd, J=12.3, 3.6
Hz, 1H), 5.18-4.92 (m, 5H), 4.84 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (t, J=9.6
Hz, 1H), 4.55-4.35 (m, 3H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.29 (s,
3H), 3.21 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.65 (s, 3H),
2.48-2.30 (m, 3H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.80-0.75 (m, 64H);
ESI MS m/z 1305 [C.sub.65H.sub.113N.sub.11O.sub.16+H].sup.+.
Example 66
Preparation of the Diacetate of trans-Cyclosporin Diene
[0255] To a suspension of bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconiumchloride
hydride (199 mg, 0.77 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was added
propargyltrimethylsilane (0.12 mL, 0.81 mmol), and then the mixture
was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. To this solution was
sequentially added a solution of cyclosporin aldehyde from Example
65 (100 mg, 0.077 mmol) in methylene chloride (1 mL) and then
silver perchlorate (3 mg, 0.015 mmol). The resulting mixture was
stirred at room temperature for 12 h, and then poured into a
saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (10 mL). The organic layer
was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with methylene
chloride (2.times.20 mL). The combined organics were dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum to afford
the crude product. The material was purified by semi-preparative
HPLC to afford the diacetate of trans-cyclosporin diene (47 mg,
46%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta.
8.61 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (d, J=9.2 Hz,
1H), 7.49 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.22 (dt, J=16.9, 10.2 Hz, 1H), 5.88
(dd, J=15.0, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dd, J=11.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.50 (s,
2H), 5.40-4.95 (m, 8H), 4.85 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (t, J=9.3 Hz,
1H), 4.58-4.34 (m, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.21 (s, 3H),
3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 6H), 2.48-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.10
(s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 5H), 1.50-0.80 (m, 62H); ESI
MS m/z 1329 [C.sub.68H.sub.117N.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
Example 67
Preparation of trans-Cyclosporin Diene
[0256] To a stirred solution of the diacetate of trans-cyclosporin
diene from Example 66 (45 mg, 0.034 mmol) in methanol (2 mL) was
added potassium carbonate (140 mg, 1.02 mmol) at room temperature.
After 12 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture was diluted
with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with water (20 mL). The
aqueous layer was separated and extracted with ethyl acetate (30
mL). The combined organics were dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate, and concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product.
The material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford
trans-cyclosporin diene (11 mg, 26%) as a white solid:
[0257] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.07 (d, J=9.8 Hz,
1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d, J=8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.8
Hz, 1H), 6.29 (dt, J=16.9, 10.3 Hz, 1H), 5.98 (dd, J=15.0, 10.5 Hz,
1H), 5.69 (dd, J=11.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.65-5.55 (m, 1H), 5.51 (d,
J=6.2 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (dd, J=11.6, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.15-4.93 (m 7H),
4.82 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J=7.4 Hz,
1H), 4.04 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H),
3.30 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 345 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s,
3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.55-2.38 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.95 (m, 5H), 1.80-1.60
(m, 5H), 1.50-0.70 (m, 57H); ESI MS m/z 1245
[C.sub.64H.sub.113N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.05 min.
Example 68
Preparation of the Acetate of trans-Cyclosporin Diene-d.sub.2
[0258] To a suspension of bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconiumchloride
hydride (199 mg, 0.77 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was added
d.sub.2-propargyltrimethylsilane (92 mg, 0.81 mmol), and then the
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 10 min. To this
solution was sequentially added a solution of cyclosporin aldehyde
from Example 65 (100 mg, 0.077 mmol) in methylene chloride (1 mL)
and then silver perchlorate (3 mg, 0.015 mmol). The resulting
mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h, and then poured
into a saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate (10 mL). The
organic layer was separated and the aqueous layer was extracted
with methylene chloride (2.times.20 mL). The combined organics were
dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum
to afford the crude product. The material was purified by
semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of deuterated
trans-cyclosporin diene (20 mg, 20%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.61 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d,
J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.58 (m, 2H), 6.20 (d, J=10.5 Hz, 1H), 5.88
(dd, J=15.0, 10.5 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.50 (s, 2H),
5.40-4.70 (m, 10H), 4.55-4.35 (m, 4H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H),
3.21 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 6H), 2.48-2.35
(m, 1H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.80-1.65 (m, 5H), 1.50-0.80
(m, 59H); ESI MS m/z 1331
[C.sub.68H.sub.115D.sub.2N.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
Example 69
Preparation of trans-Cyclosporin Diene-d.sub.2
[0259] To a stirred solution of the acetate of deuterated
trans-cyclosporin diene from Example 68 (17 mg, 0.013 mmol) in
methanol (3 mL) was added potassium carbonate (54 mg, 0.39 mmol) at
room temperature. After 12 h at room temperature, the reaction
mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and washed with
water (20 mL). The aqueous layer was separated and extracted with
ethyl acetate (30 mL). The combined organics were dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate, and concentrated under vacuum to afford
crude product. The material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC
to afford trans-cyclosporin diene-d.sub.2 (5 mg, 31%) as a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.06 (d, J=9.7 Hz,
1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J=7.9
Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J=10.3 Hz, 1H), 5.98 (dd, J=15.0, 10.5 Hz, 1H),
5.69 (dd, J=11.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.65-5.55 (m, 1H), 5.51 (d, J=6.2
Hz, 1H), 5.30 (dd, J=11.6, 3.7 Hz, 1H), 5.15-4.75 (m, 8H), 4.65 (t,
J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 3.75
(t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.15
(s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.55-2.30 (m,
2H), 2.20-1.60 (m, 10H), 1.50-0.70 (m, 55H); ESI MS m/z 1247
[C.sub.64H.sub.111D.sub.2N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC 96.7%
(AUC), t.sub.R=13.76 min.
Example 70
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0260] Anhydrous CrCl.sub.2 (119 mg, 0.97 mmol) was added to a
solution of cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 65 (126 mg, 0.097
mmol) and CHCl.sub.3 (30 mg, 0.25 mmol) in THF (4 mL) under argon
atmosphere. The mixture was stirred at 40.degree. C. under argon
for 24 h, and then cooled down to room temperature, and filtered
through a short silica gel column (EtOAc). The combined filtration
washed with water (3.times.10 mL) and brine (3.times.10 mL), dried
over Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to give the acetate of
cyclosporin vinyl chloride (71 mg, 55%) as a white solid: .sup.1H
NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) .delta. 8.57 (d, J=9.7 Hz, 1H), 8.00 (d,
J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.63 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H),
5.82-5.71 (m, 2H), 5.68 (dd, J=11.0, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (d, J=6.8
Hz, 1H), 5.43 (dd, J=11.7, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (dd, J=12.0, 3.9 Hz,
1H), 5.17 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.08-4.95 (m, 5H), 4.85 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
1H), 4.78 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.55-4.35 (m, 3H), 3.25 (s, 3H), 3.27
(s, 3H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 6H),
2.41-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.14-1.99 (m, 12H), 1.72-0.75 (m, 58H); ESI MS
m/z 1337 [C.sub.66H.sub.114ClN.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
Example 71
Preparation of Cyclosporin Vinyl Chloride
[0261] The acetate of cyclosporin vinyl chloride from Example 70
(71 mg, 0.053 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (7 mL), and then
K.sub.2CO.sub.3 (200 mg, 1.449 mmol) was added. The mixture was
stirred at room temperature under N.sub.2 for 6 h, and then diluted
with EtOAc (200 mL), washed with brine (3.times.10 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin vinyl
chloride (35 mg, 53%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,
500 MHz) .delta. 8.08 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H),
7.50 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 5.92-5.84 (m, 2H),
5.70 (dd, J=11.0, 4.2 Hz, 1H), 5.48 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 5.33 (dd,
J=11.7, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.10-4.95 (m, 5H), 4.83 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H),
4.65 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d, J=6.7 Hz,
2H), 3.80 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s,
3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),
2.41-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.14-1.99 (m, 6H), 1.78-1.64 (m, 7H), 1.34-0.80
(m, 54H); ESI MS m/z 1253
[C.sub.62H.sub.110ClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.0 min.
Example 72
Preparation of Cyclosporin Vinyl Iodide
[0262] To an ice-cooled solution of cyclosporin aldehyde from
Example 65 (200 mg, 0.15 mmol) in THF (5 mL) was added anhydrous
CrCl.sub.2 (184 mg, 1.5 mmol) and CHI.sub.3 (206 mg, 0.6 mmol), and
then the mixture was stirred at 0.degree. C. under N.sub.2 for 24
h. The reaction mixture was diluted with EtOAc (200 mL), washed
with water (4.times.10 mL), dried over mgSO.sub.4, and concentrated
to dryness. The residue was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to
give the diacetate of cyclosporin vinyl iodide (57 mg, 26%) as a
pale yellow oil: ESI MS m/z 1429
[C.sub.66H.sub.114IN.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
[0263] The above diacetate of cyclosporine vinyl iodide (57 mg,
0.04 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (10 mL), and then K.sub.2CO.sub.3
(200 mg, 1.45 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at room
temperature under N.sub.2 overnight, and then diluted with EtOAc
(200 mL), washed with brine (3.times.10 mL), dried over
Na.sub.2SO.sub.4, and concentrated to dryness. The residue was
purified by semi-preparative HPLC to give cyclosporin vinyl iodide
(19 mg, 35%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3,500 MHz)
.delta. 8.05 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d,
J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (ddd, J=14.5, 8.5, 6.3
Hz, 1H), 5.91 (d, J=14.3 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (dd, J=10.9, 4.0 Hz, 1H),
5.49 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 5.31 (dd, J=12.7, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 5.09-5.04
(m, 4H), 4.98-4.94 (m, 2H), 4.84 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd,
J=9.6, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H),
3.76 (t, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H),
3.15 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.45-2.40
(m, 2H), 1.78-1.64 (m, 7H), 1.43-0.76 (m, 60H); ESI MS m/z 1344
[C.sub.62H.sub.110IN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC 95.6% (AUC),
t.sub.R=14.1 min.
Example 73
Preparation of the Acetates of cis- and trans-Cyclosporin Vinyl
Bromide
[0264] To a suspension of (bromomethyl)triphenylphosphonium bromide
(700 mg, 1.6 mmol) in THF (5 mL) at -78.degree. C. was added
dropwise sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.6 mL, 1 M in THF, 1.6
mmol), then the mixture was stirred for 1 h. A solution of
cyclosporin aldehyde from Example 65 (0.21 g, 0.16 mmol) in THF (5
mL) was added, and then the mixture was stirred for 2 h at
-78.degree. C. The reaction mixture was quenched with a saturated
solution of ammonium chloride. After warmed to room temperature,
the mixture was diluted with ethyl ether (100 mL), washed with
brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated
under vacuum. The crude material was purified by semi-preparative
HPLC to afford the acetate of cis-cyclosporin vinyl bromide (50 mg,
23%): .sup.1H NMR (CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) .delta. 8.62 (d, J=9.7 Hz,
1H), 8.01 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (d, J=9.0
Hz, 1H), 6.04 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.02-5.92 (m, 1H), 5.69 (dd,
J=10.8, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.50 (dd, J=16.5, 11.5 Hz, 2H), 5.24 (dd,
J=12.2, 3.7 Hz, 2H), 5.15 (dd, J=7.5, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.10-4.93 (m,
3H), 4.95 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (t, J=9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.55-4.38 (m,
4H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14
(s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.45-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.20-2.15
(m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H), 2.00-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.80-1.60
(m, 3H), 1.48-0.82 (m, 57H); ESI MS m/z 1381
[C.sub.66H.sub.114BrN.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+; and the acetate of
trans-cyclosporin vinyl bromide (8 mg, 4%): .sup.1H NMR
(CDCl.sub.3, 300 MHz) .delta. 8.54 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.99 (d,
J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.38 (d, J=9.2 Hz, 1H),
6.15-5.92 (m, 1H), 5.85 (d, J=13.8 Hz, 1H), 5.72-5.65 (m, 1H),
5.54-5.43 (m, 2H), 5.38 (dd, J=11.7, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.78-5.69 (m,
1H), 5.15 (t, J=5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.04-4.70 (m, 5H), 4.54-4.30 (m, 2H),
4.04 (t, J=4.0 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H),
3.20 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.33
(m, 1H), 2.25-2.12 (m, 2H), 2.10 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.90-1.62
(m, 6H), 1.45-0.85 (m, 58H); ESI MS m/z 1381
[C.sub.66H.sub.114BrN.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
Example 74
Preparation of cis-Cyclosporin Vinyl Bromide
[0265] To a stirred solution of the acetate of cis-cyclosporin
vinyl bromide from Example 73 (24 mg, 0.017 mmol) in methanol (3
mL) was added potassium carbonate (120 mg, 0.86 mmol) at room
temperature. After 12 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture
was quenched with a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (20
mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.30 mL). The
combined organics were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and
concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product. The material
was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford cis-cyclosporin
vinyl bromide (8 mg, 36%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.15 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.74 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),
7.62 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.14-6.02 (m, 2H),
5.69 (dd, J=11.1, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.43 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 5.30 (dd,
J=11.4, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.15-5.38 (m, 6H), 4.83 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H),
4.66 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (t, J=7.2 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (d, J=6.6 Hz,
2H), 3.90 (t, J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s,
3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H),
2.43-1.90 (m, 8H), 1.80-1.57 (m, 5H), 1.45-0.75 (m, 55H); ESI MS
m/z 1297 [C.sub.62H.sub.11BrN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC 97.0%
(AUC), t.sub.R=13.95 min.
Example 75
Preparation of trans-Cyclosporin Vinyl Bromide
[0266] To a stirred solution of the acetate of trans-cyclosporin
vinyl bromide from Example 73 (10 mg, 0.007 mmol) in methanol (2
mL) was added potassium carbonate (50 mg, 0.36 mmol) at room
temperature. After 12 h at room temperature, the reaction mixture
was quenched with a saturated solution of ammonium chloride (15
mL), and then extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.30 mL). The
combined organics were dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and
concentrated under vacuum to afford the crude product. The material
was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to afford trans-cyclosporin
vinyl bromide (4 mg, 44%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.08 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (d, J=7.2 Hz, 1H),
7.56 (d, J=8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.20-6.05 (m, 1H),
5.94 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 5.70 (dd, J=10.8, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.49 (d,
J=6.6 Hz, 1H), 5.34 (dd, J=11.4, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.12-4.95 (m, 6H),
4.83 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (t, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J=7.2 Hz,
1H), 4.05 (d, J=6.6 Hz, 2H), 3.78 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H),
3.30 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s,
3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.42-2.33 (m, 2H), 2.20-1.89 (m, 6H), 1.80-1.60
(m, 5H), 1.45-0.75 (m, 55H); ESI MS m/z 1297
[C.sub.62H.sub.110BrN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC 97.0% (AUC),
t.sub.R=13.74 min.
Example 76
Preparation of Arylated Cyclosporin Diol
[0267] To a stirred solution of cyclosporin diol from Example 63
(57 mg, 0.040 mmol) in methylene chloride was added styrene (42 mg,
0.400 mmol) and Grubbs' catalyst 2.sup.nd generation (2.5 mg, 0.004
mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred overnight while refluxing
at 50.degree. C. in a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was then
cooled to 25.degree. C. and concentrated to dryness. The crude
mixture was purified by semi-preparative HPLC twice to afford the
desired product (8.8 mg, 17%) as a white solid: .sup.1H NMR (300
MHz, CDCl.sub.3); .delta. 8.09 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J=7.7
Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.08 (m, 6H), 6.98-6.90 (m, 1H), 6.33 (d, J=15.7 Hz,
1H), 6.20-6.12 (m, 1H), 5.69 (dd, J=10.8, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.58 (d,
J=5.6 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (dd, J=11.6, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.1144.91 (m, 5H),
4.82 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.68-4.50 (m, 2H), 4.04 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 2H),
3.72 (t, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 3.53 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H),
3.16 (s, 3H), 3.10 (s, 3H), 2.71 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.45-2.35
(m, 1H), 2.15-1.90 (m, 5H), 1.78-1.52 (m, 7H), 1.48-0.65 (m, 56H);
ESI MS m/z 1295 [C.sub.68H.sub.115N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC
93.8% (AUC), t.sub.R=14.26 min.
Example 77
Preparation of Cyclosporin Fluoride
[0268] A flask charged with a solution of cyclosporin diol from
Example 63 (50 mg, 0.410 mmol) in methylene chloride (2 mL) was
cooled to -78.degree. C. Allyl Fluoride (1.5 g, 90.11 mmol) was
bubbled through the solution. The reaction was allowed to warm to
room temperature and Grubbs' catalyst 2.sup.nd generation (18 mg,
0.021 mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight
while refluxing at 50.degree. C. in an atmosphere of allyl fluoride
(via attached balloon). After 16 h, the reaction was concentrated
to dryness under reduced pressure. Purification by semi-preparative
HPLC yielded 11.3 mg (22%) of the cyclosporin fluoride as an
off-white solid: .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) 8.11 (d, J=9.5
Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.25
(overlapped with CHCl.sub.3, 1H), 5.79-5.57 (m, 3H), 5.51 (d, J=6.5
Hz, 1H), 5.29 (dd, J=12.0, 4.0 Hz, 1H), 5.12-4.94 (m, 5H),
4.87-4.79 (m, 2H), 4.72 (d, J=6.0 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H),
4.55 (t, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 2H), 3.75 (t, J=7.0 Hz,
1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.11
(s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.53-2.37 (m, 2H), 2.18-1.9(m,
6H), 1.82-1.60 (m, 7H), 1.52-0.70 (m, 54H); ESI MS m/z 1291
[C.sub.63H.sub.112FN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC 98.3% (AUC),
t.sub.R=13.42 min.
Example 78
Preparation of Cyclosporin Trifluoride
[0269] To a dried 25 mL flask charged with a solution of
cyclosporin diol from Example 63 (50 mg, 0.041 mmol) in methylene
chloride (2 mL) was added 3,3,3-trifluoropropene gas (39 mg, 0.41
mmol). The solution was treated with Grubbs' catalyst 2.sup.nd
generation (18 mg, 0.021 mmol) and the resulting mixture was
allowed to stir while refluxing overnight at 50.degree. C. in an
atmosphere of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene gas (via attached balloon).
After 17 h, Grubbs' catalyst 2.sup.nd generation (18 mg, 0.021
mmol) was added and the reaction was left to reflux overnight at
50.degree. C. in an atmosphere of 3,3,3-trifluoropropene gas. The
reaction was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure.
Purification by semi-preparative HPLC yielded the desired product
(2 mg, 4%) as a pink solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3)
.delta. 8.06 (d, J=10.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (d,
J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.42-6.33 (m, 1H), 5.70 (dd,
J=11.0, 8.5 Hz, 1H), 5.62-5.53 (m, 2H), 5.26 (dd, J=12.0, 4.0 Hz,
1H), 5.11-5.03 (m, 4H), 5.01-4.92 (m, 2H), 4.83 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H),
4.63 (t, J=9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.55 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d, J=6.0 Hz,
2H), 3.76 (t, J=7.0 Hz, 1H), 3.52 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s,
3H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 3.11 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H),
2.63-2.52 (m, 1H), 2.47-2.31 (m, 2H), 2.19-0.71 (m, 65H); ESI MS
m/z 1287 [C.sub.63H.sub.110F.sub.3N.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC
94.3% (AUC), t.sub.R=13.17 min.
Example 79
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin
.alpha.,.beta.-Unsaturated Aldehyde
[0270] A mixture of cyclosporin diacetate from Example 64 (100 mg,
0.076 mmol), acrolein dimethyl acetal (0.087 mL, 0.76 mmol),
Grubbs' catalyst 2.sup.nd generation (12.7 mg, 0.015 mmol) and
toluene (2 mL) was heated at 55.degree. C. in a 25 mL flask
overnight. The catalyst (12.7 mg) and acrolein dimethyl acetal
(0.087 mL) were refilled and the mixture was stirred at the same
temperature for an additional 24 h. The catalyst (12.7 mg) was
again refilled and the reaction was allowed to stir at 55.degree.
C. for 6 h. An additional 20 mg of catalyst was added and the
reaction was allowed to stir at 55.degree. C. overnight. The
catalyst (32.3 mg) was refilled again and an additional 1 mL of
acrolein dimethyl acetal was added. After 2 days at 55.degree. C.,
20 mg of Grubbs' catalyst was added as well as 0.017 mL of acrolein
dimethyl acetal. After 24 h, the reaction was cooled to room
temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by
semi-preparative HPLC to afford the acetate of cyclosporin
.alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde (40 mg, 40%): .sup.1H NMR (300
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 9.41 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 1H), 8.60 (d, J=9.7 Hz,
1H), 8.01 (d, J=6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (d, J=8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.82-6.67 (m,
1H), 5.99 (dd, J=15.4, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (dd, J=11.0, 3.9 Hz, 1H),
5.54 (s, 2H), 5.33-5.12 (m, 3H), 5.09-4.92 (m, 3H), 4.84 (t, J=7.2
Hz, 1H), 4.68 (t, J=9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.56-4.32 (m, 3H) 3.38 (s, 3H),
3.28 (s, 3H), 3.22 (s, 3H), 3.20 (s, 3H), 3.16 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s,
3H), 2.67 (s, 3H), 2.51-2.13 (m, 3H), 2.11 (s, 3H), 2.04 (s, 3H),
1.99-1.58 (m, 7H), 1.51-0.79 (m, 57H); ESI MS m/z 1331
[C.sub.67H.sub.115N.sub.11O.sub.16+H].sup.+.
Example 80
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Dienyl Chloride
[0271] To a dried 25 mL flask charged with a solution of the
acetate of cyclosporin .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde from
Example 79 (71 mg, 0.053 mmol) and chloroform (63 mg, 0.53 mmol) in
THF (3 mL) was added chromium chloride (195 mg, 1.59 mmol). The
resulting mixture was heated to 50.degree. C. and stirred under
N.sub.2 for 2 h. The reaction was then cooled to room temperature
and poured into 200 mL of ice-water with vigorously stirring. The
aqueous layer was then extracted with ethyl acetate (3.times.200
mL). The combined organics were washed with brine (80 mL) and dried
over anhydrous sodium sulfate, and then concentrated under vacuum.
The crude material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to yield
the acetate of cyclosporin dienyl chloride (44 mg, 63%) as a white
solid: .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.64 (d, J=9.9 Hz,
1H), 8.05 (d, J=13.3 Hz, 1H), 7.69 (d, J=9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.64 (d,
J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (dd, J=13.2, 10.7 Hz, 1H), 6.06 (d, J=13.3 Hz,
1H), 5.92-5.67 (m, 1H), 5.50 (s, 2H) 5.41-5.25 (m, 2H), 5.23-5.13
(m, 1H), 5.09-4.93 (m, 3H), 4.85 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (t, J=9.4
Hz, 1H), 4.57-4.34 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.23 (s,
3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 6H), 2.48-2.31 (m, 1H),
2.11 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.82-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.48-0.68 (m, 65H);
ESI MS m/z 1364 [C.sub.68H.sub.116ClN.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
Example 81
Preparation of Cyclosporin Dienyl Chloride
[0272] A solution of the acetate of cyclosporin dienyl chloride
from Example 80 (44 mg, 0.03 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was treated with
potassium carbonate (83 mg, 0.60 mmol). This was allowed to stir at
room temperature overnight. The reaction was then diluted with
ethyl acetate (30 mL), washed with a saturated solution of sodium
bicarbonate (20 mL), washed with brine (20 mL) and then dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate. It was then concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC
to yield cyclosporin dienyl chloride (6 mg, 16%): .sup.1H NMR (300
MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.10 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J=7.5 Hz,
1H), 7.62 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (dd,
J=13.0, 10.8 Hz, 1H), 6.07 (d, J=13.1 Hz, 1H), 5.91 (dd, J=15.2,
10.9 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (dd, J=10.5, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.47-5.52 (m, 1H),
5.50 (d, J=6.3 Hz, 1H), 5.29 (dd, J=11.6, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.12-4.92
(m, 3H), 4.83 (t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.68-4.60 (m, 1H), 4.54 (t, J=7.2
Hz, 1H), 3.49 (s, 3H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 3.26 (s, 3H), 3.16 (s, 3H),
3.11 (s, 3H), 2.70 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.57-2.32 (m, 1H),
2.21-1.91 (m, 4H), 1.61-0.69 (m, 69H); ESI MS m/z 1280
[C.sub.64H.sub.122ClN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC 96.9% (AUC),
t.sub.R=13.98 min.
Example 82
Preparation of the Acetate of Cyclosporin Dienyl Iodide
[0273] A 25 mL flask charged with a solution of the acetate of
cyclosporin .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde from Example 79 (36
mg, 0.027 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was treated with iodoform (108 mg,
0.027 mmol). It was then cooled to -78.degree. C. and chromium
chloride (99 mg, 0.81 mmol) was added to the solution. The mixture
was stirred at -78.degree. C. for 10 min and then warmed to
0.degree. C., at which it was stirred for 1.5 h. The reaction was
then poured into 70 mL of vigorously stirring ice water. The
material was extracted with 100 mL of ethyl acetate. The organic
layer was rinsed with 15 mL of brine, dried over anhydrous sodium
sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude
material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to yield the acetate
of cyclosporin dienyl iodide (14 mg, 35%): .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz,
CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.64 (d, J=9.8 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J=6.9 Hz, 1H),
7.71 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J=14.2,
10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.15 (d, J=14.4 Hz, 1H), 5.81 (dd, J=14.8, 10.6 Hz,
1H), 5.69 (dd, J=10.8, 3.9 Hz, 1H), 5.50 (s, 2H), 5.43-5.27 (m,
3H), 5.22-5.13 (m, 1H), 5.09-4.95 (m, 3H), 4.85 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H),
4.78 (t, J=9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.32 (m, 3H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.25 (s,
3H), 3.19 (s, 3H), 3.14 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 6H), 2.49-2.32 (m, 1H),
2.11 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H), 1.97-1.57 (m, 4H), 1.48-0.71 (m, 65H);
ESI MS m/z 1455 [C.sub.68H.sub.116IN.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
Example 83
Preparation of Cyclosporin Dienyl Iodide
[0274] A solution of the acetate of cyclosporin dienyl iodide from
Example 82 (13.7 mg, 0.003 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was treated with
potassium carbonate (26 mg, 0.19 mmol). This was allowed to stir at
room temperature overnight. The reaction was then diluted with 30
mL of ethyl acetate, washed with a saturated solution of sodium
bicarbonate (20 mL), washed with 20 mL of brine and then dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate. It was then concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC
to yield cyclosporin dienyl iodide (7.3 mg, 59%) as a white solid
and a mixture of cis and trans-isomers:
[0275] .sup.1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.08 (d, J=10.1
Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.19 (d, J=7.8
Hz, 1H), 7.01 (dd, J=14.2, 10.8 Hz, 0.8H), 6.69 (dd, J=9.7, 7.4 Hz,
0.2H), 6.22-6.07 (m, 1H), 5.96-5.83 (m, 1H), 5.73-5.53 (m, 1H),
5.49 (t, J=6.9 Hz, 1H), 5.33-5.24 (m, 1H), 5.13-4.92 (m, 6H), 4.83
(t, J=7.3 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (t, J=8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.58-4.46 (m, 1H), 4.04
(d, J=6.7 Hz, 1H), 3.51 (s, 0.6H), 3.50 (s, 2.4H), 3.31(s, 3H),
3.27 (s, 2.4H), 3.26 (s, 0.6H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.69
(s, 1.2H), 2.68 (s, 4.8H) 2.52-2.43 (m, 1H), 2.32-0.72 (m, 70H);
ESI MS m/z 1371 [C.sub.64H.sub.112IN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC
94.0% (AUC), t.sub.R=14.22 min.
Example 84
Preparation of Cyclosporin Dienyl Bromide
[0276] A 25 mL flask charged with a solution of the acetate of
cyclosporin .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated aldehyde from Example 79 (49
mg, 0.04 mmol) in THF (2 mL) was cooled to 0.degree. C. and treated
with bromoform (0.04 mL, 0.40 mmol). Chromium(II) chloride (147 mg,
1.20 mmol) was added to the solution. The mixture was stirred at
0.degree. C. for 1.5 h and then the ice bath was removed. The
mixture was left to stir at room temperature overnight. The
reaction was then poured into 70 mL of vigorously stirring ice
water. The material was extracted with 150 mL of ethyl acetate. The
organic layer was rinsed with 25 mL of brine, dried over anhydrous
sodium sulfate, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The crude
material was purified by semi-preparative HPLC to yield the acetate
of cyclosporin dienyl bromide (5.2 mg, 9%): ESI MS m/z 1408
[C.sub.68H.sub.115BrN.sub.11O.sub.15+H].sup.+.
[0277] A solution of the above acetate of cyclosporin dienyl
bromide (5.2 mg, 0.004 mmol) in MeOH (1 mL) was treated with
potassium carbonate (21 mg, 0.15 mmol). This was allowed to stir at
room temperature for 7 h. The reaction was then diluted with 60 mL
of ethyl acetate, washed with a saturated solution of sodium
bicarbonate (10 mL), washed with 10 mL of brine and then dried over
anhydrous sodium sulfate. It was then concentrated under reduced
pressure. The crude material was purified using semi-preparative
HPLC to yield cyclosporin dienyl bromide (2.1 mg, 40%): .sup.1H NMR
(300 MHz, CDCl.sub.3) .delta. 8.10 (d, J=9.9 Hz, 1H), 7.73-7.62 (m,
1H), 7.58-7.58 (m, 1H), 7.18 (d, J=7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (dd, J=13.4,
10.7 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (d, J=13.4 Hz, 1H), 5.88 (dd, J=15.0, 10.8 Hz,
1H), 5.73-5.57 (m, 1H), 5.48 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 5.38-5.23 (m, 2H),
5.12-4.92 (m, 6H), 4.83 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H),
4.52 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (dd, J=5.7, 3.6 Hz, 1H), 4.04 (d,
J=6.5 Hz, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 3.27 (s, 3H), 3.15 (s,
3H), 3.12 (s, 3H), 2.69 (s, 3H), 2.68 (s, 3H), 2.49-2.26 (m, 1H),
2.22-0.67 (m, 68H); ESI MS m/z 1323
[C.sub.64H.sub.112BrN.sub.11O.sub.13+H].sup.+; HPLC>99% (AUC),
t.sub.R=13.93 min.
Example 85
Concanavalin A-Stimulated Splenocyte Assay
[0278] Male BALB/c mice, at 5 to 7 weeks of age, were sacrificed by
CO.sub.2 inhalation. Spleens were removed and dissociated by
pushing through a nylon cell strainer. The splenocytes were washed
in RPMI 1640/5% fetal calf serum (FCS) and pelleted at 400.times.g.
Red blood cells were then lysed by resuspending the cell pellet in
ACK lysis buffer (150 mM NH.sub.4Cl, 1 mM KHCO.sub.3, 0.1 mM EDTA,
3 mL per spleen) for 10 min at room temperature. After pelleting at
400.times.g, the cells were washed by resuspending in RPMI 1640/5%
FCS and repelleting. The cell pellet was resuspended in RPMI
1640/5% FCS and again passed through a cell strainer to remove cell
aggregates. The cells were then counted and adjusted to
2.times.10.sup.6 cells/ml in RPMI 1640/10% FCS/50 .mu.M
2-mercaptoethanol. Cell viability was assessed by Trypan blue
staining. Cyclosporin A or the test compound and two micrograms of
concanavalin A were added to the wells of a 96 well plate, prior to
the addition of 2.times.10.sup.5 splenocytes. The cells were
cultured in a 37.degree. C. CO.sub.2 incubator for 2 days and then
pulsed with 1 .mu.Ci of [.sup.3H]thymidine for 6 hours. Cells were
harvested onto filtermats with a TomTec 96 well plate harvester and
lysed with H.sub.2O. The filtermat and scintillation fluid were
sealed in a plastic sleeve. [.sup.3H]thymidine incorporation was
measured with a Wallac Trilux plate counter. Initial screens were
done at a fixed value of 100 ng/ml test compound. IC.sub.50s were
calculated from 7 point concentration-response curves using
GraphPad software.
Example 86
Murine Ex Vivo Pharmacodynamic Assay
[0279] In vivo immunosuppressive activity can be determined for
cyclosporin
[0280] A and the disclosed cyclosporin analogs, as described below.
The concanavalin A-stimulated splenocyte activity can be assessed
in vivo using a method previously described by Peterson et al.
(Peterson et al., "A Tacrolimus-Related Immunosuppressant with
Biochemical Properties Distinct from Those of
Tacrolimus,"Transplantation, 65:10-18 (1998), which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety) or a slightly modified
version thereof.
[0281] Optimal doses of cyclosporin A or an immunosuppressive
compound of the present invention (four different doses of test
drug plus a control set of animals with no drug) was administered
orally or intravenously to male BALB/c or female C57BL mice. Three
mice were tested at each dose. Concanavalin A was injected into the
tail vein of the mouse at 4 hours after the administration of
cyclosporin A or the immunosuppressive compound. One hour after the
concanavalin A injection, the mice were euthanized, the spleens
were removed under sterile conditions, and the extent of splenocyte
proliferation was measured in a similar manner as described in
Example 85. The percent inhibition relative to control was plotted
graphically versus the dose of the immunosuppressive compound and
an ED.sub.50 value was determined. Each dose-response assay for the
compound of the present invention was accompanied by a cyclosporin
control at a single dose equal to the ED.sub.50.
Example 87
Assay for Inhibition of Peptidyl Prolyl Isomerase Activity of
Cyclophilin A
[0282] The assay for inhibition of peptidyl prolyl isomerase
activity of cyclophilin A is a modification of the procedure
described by Kofron et al., "Determination of Kinetic Constants for
Peptidyl Prolyl cis-trans Isomerases by an Improved
Spectrophotometric Assay," Biochemistry 30:6127-6134 (1991), which
is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Recombinant
human cyclophilin A in 50 mM HEPES, 100 mM NaCl pH 8.0 is precooled
to 4.degree. C. Test compounds and the cyclosporin positive control
are dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and introduced over a
range of concentrations. Chymotrypsin is then added to a final
concentration of 6 mg/ml. The peptide substrate,
Suc-Ala-Ala-Pro-Phe-pNA, is dissolved in 470 mM LiCl in
trifluoroethanol and then added to 25 .mu.g/ml to initiate the
reaction. After rapid mixing, the absorbance at 390 nm is monitored
over a 90 second time course.
Example 88
Cellular Assay for Determination of HIV Inhibition
[0283] The in vitro anti-HIV activity of compounds of the present
invention is measured in established cell line cultures as
described by Mayaux et al., "Triterpene Derivatives That Block
Entry of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Into Cells," Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:3564-3568 (1994), which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety. The CEM4 cell line was
infected with HIV-1.sub.Lai strain. The inhibition of HIV
replication in the culture is estimated by the measure of the
reverse transcriptase (RT) produced in the supernatant. Anti-viral
activity is expressed as the IC.sub.50 RT, the concentration
required to reduce replication of HIV by 50%, and is determined by
linear regression.
Example 89
Intracellular Replication of the HCV Genome In Vitro
[0284] The effect of the cyclosporin compounds of the present
invention on the intracellular replication of the HCV genome in
vitro, using an HCV replicon system in a cultured human hepatoma
Huh7 cell line is determined by the method of Lohmann et al.,
"Replication of Subgenomic Hepatitis C Virus RNAs in a Hepatoma
Cell Line," Science 285:110-113 (1999), which is hereby
incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Example 90
In vitro HCV Infection Experiment
[0285] The in vitro HCV infection experiment is performed as
described by Kato et al., "Replication of Hepatitis C Virus in
Cultured Non-Neoplastic Human Hepatocytes," Jpn. J. Cancer Res.
87:787-792 (1996), which is hereby incorporated by reference in its
entirety, and Ikada et al., "Human Hepatocyte Clonal Cell Lines
That Support Persistent Replication of Hepatitis C Virus," Virus
Res. 56:157-167 (1998), which is hereby incorporated by reference
in its entirety.
[0286] Although the invention has been described in detail for the
purpose of illustration, it is understood that such detail is
solely for that purpose, and variations can be made therein by
those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and
scope of the invention which is defined by the following claims.
Sequence CWU 1
1
1 1 4 PRT Artificial Sequence Description of Artificial Sequence
Peptide substrate MOD_RES (1) Xaa at position 1 is alanine (Ala)
modified with an N-terminal blocking group, succinyl (Suc) Group
MOD_RES (4) Xaa at position 4 is phenylalanine (Phe) modified with
a C-terminal blocking group, p-nitroanilide (pNA) 1 Xaa Ala Pro Xaa
1
* * * * *