U.S. patent application number 11/687347 was filed with the patent office on 2007-10-04 for separated member wood framing.
Invention is credited to Peter Warren Hubbe.
Application Number | 20070227095 11/687347 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38556836 |
Filed Date | 2007-10-04 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070227095 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Hubbe; Peter Warren |
October 4, 2007 |
Separated Member Wood Framing
Abstract
A family of manufactured framing assemblies primarily
constructed of wood products that fit together to produce a wall
with superior thermal characteristics, reduced wood content,
improved straightness, reduced labor requirements, and other
benefits when compared with conventional wood frame construction.
Framing assemblies including wall stud assemblies and top and
bottom plate assemblies that are each composed of two separated
chords firmly connected by a combination of connecting members that
include pegs and/or blocks. King jack stud assemblies replace 2
studs on each side of a window, door, or other opening and have
slots to receive the core extending from a horizontal support
assembly. Horizontal support assemblies with superior thermal
characteristics include a header assembly and a window base
assembly. Nails, adhesives, press fit, and other methods are used
as desired for attachment.
Inventors: |
Hubbe; Peter Warren;
(Hopkinton, MA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Peter W. Hubbe
49 Winter Street
Hopkinton
MA
01748
US
|
Family ID: |
38556836 |
Appl. No.: |
11/687347 |
Filed: |
March 16, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
|
|
|
|
|
|
Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
|
|
60782998 |
Mar 16, 2006 |
|
|
|
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/653.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 3/16 20130101; E04B
2001/2672 20130101; E04B 2/7412 20130101; E04B 2001/2696 20130101;
E04B 2/707 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
52/653.1 |
International
Class: |
E04H 12/00 20060101
E04H012/00 |
Claims
1. A wood framing assembly comprising a first chord having outer
and inner surfaces; a second chord having outer and inner surfaces;
wherein said outer surface of said second chord is substantially
parallel to said outer surface of said first chord and spaced apart
therefrom; and a plurality of separated connecting members between
the said inner surfaces of said first and second chords.
2. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting
members are positioned substantially in a straight line.
3. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting
members are not positioned in a straight line.
4. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacing
between any two adjacent said connecting members is substantially
uniform.
5. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein the spacing
between any two adjacent said connecting members is not
uniform.
6. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting
members are secured to said first and second chords with
adhesive.
7. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting
members are nailed to said first and second chords.
8. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said chords
comprise drilled holes and said connecting members comprise a
plurality of connecting pegs inserted into said drilled holes in
said chords.
9. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting
members comprise a plurality of connecting pegs inserted into said
chords without drilling.
10. The wood framing assembly of claim 1, wherein said connecting
members comprise a plurality of connecting blocks attached to said
chords.
11. The wood framing assembly of claim 10, wherein said chords and
said blocks comprise drilled holes and using pegs inserted into
holes in said blocks and said chords.
12. The wood framing assembly of claim 10, wherein said chords and
said blocks comprise finger joints, and said blocks are attached to
said chords via said finger joints.
13. The wood framing assembly of claim 10, wherein said chords
comprise slots and said blocks are adapted to extend into said
slots.
14. A horizontal support assembly comprising of a center load
bearing wood product core having opposite sides; a first insulating
foam layer having opposite surfaces, were one surface is affixed to
one of said side of said core; a second insulating foam layer
having opposite surfaces, where one surface is affixed to the
opposite said side of said core; a first wood product face layer
affixed to the opposite surface of said first foam layer; a second
wood product face layer affixed to the opposite surface of said
second foam layer.
15. A wall comprising: a first horizontal wood framing assembly, a
second horizontal wood framing assembly, a plurality of vertical
wood framing assemblies, between said first and second horizontal
wood framing assemblies. First and second horizontal wood frame
assemblies comprise of blocks.
16. A wall 15 further comprising: a diagonal brace fastened to
inner surfaces of chords of a plurality of wood framing
assemblies
17. A wall 15 further comprising: a horizontal support
assembly.
18. A wall 15 further comprising: a vertical king jack stud
comprises slots positioned in said vertical king jack stud and a
horizontal support assembly with ends of said core of said support
assembly that extend beyond the remaining portions of said support
assembly and wherein said end of said horizontal support assembly
is positioned in said slot of said vertical king jack stud.
19. A wall of 15 wherein a connecting member is placed between said
chords of said vertical wood framing assembly, such that it extends
beyond said chords of said vertical wood framing assembly, such
that said vertical connecting member is adapted to fit between said
chords of said horizontal wood framing assembly.
20. A wall of 19, wherein said extended connecting member contacts
a connecting member of said horizontal wood framing assembly.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] This application claims the benefit of provisional patent
application Ser. No. 60/782,998 filed 2006 Mar. 16 by the present
inventor, the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by
reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION--PRIOR ART
[0002] Stick built framing for residential and light construction
has traditionally been done with lumber in dimensions such as
2.times.4'', 2.times.6'', 2''.times.8'', 2''.times.10'', and
2''.times.12''. As the cost of heating and cooling buildings has
risen and environmental concerns have grown, the need to produce
well insulated buildings has taken on a new priority. Standard
stick frame construction has a weakness in that the insulating
value of the wooden framing member itself is 3 to 6 times less than
insulation installed in the "bay" between members. This weakness
can account for 10 percent of the cost of heating and cooling in a
typical building.
[0003] In the past several decades, a variety of new products
competing with or improving stick built construction have evolved.
These products include laminated veneer lumber, laminated beams,
laminated strand lumber, parallel strand lumber, wood I beams used
as joists and rafters, truss joists also referred to as open web
joists, engineered roof trusses, and manufactured wall studs
designed for straightness and strength.
[0004] Framing structures with conventional lumber has several
shortcomings. We have considered the poor insulating quality of
solid wood framing. In addition, the amount of forest resources
needed to produce wood used in buildings framed with conventional
lumber is significant. The associated environmental impact and
costs of harvesting wood are real considerations. The weight of
conventional lumber used in stick framing buildings affects the
laborers who handle the materials and erect the structure.
Conventional lumber often is delivered warped and bent and only
gets worse when exposed to weather and job site conditions. A
significant amount of labor goes into drilling conventional lumber
to run wires and piping. It is difficult at best to run air ducts
through conventional lumber.
[0005] Today's engineered lumber products improve upon conventional
lumber in a number of ways but have some of their own weaknesses.
In general these products cost more than conventional lumber.
Depending on the engineered product the weight ranges from
significantly less to slightly more than conventional lumber.
Depending on the application, thermal bridging of engineered lumber
products may or may not be better than conventional lumber.
Drilling is required for running wire runs piping in some
engineered lumber products while others do have open spaces for
wiring and plumbing. There are limitations of size and placement of
holes to run air handling ducts through framing members of some
engineered lumber products.
SUMMARY
[0006] The present invention addresses the issue of energy
efficiency in the construction of homes and other wood framed
buildings. A basic premise of the present invention is to create
framing members with separated chords that are firmly connected to
each other in a fashion that allows an insulating material to fill
the void between the separated chords as well as the "bays" between
the framing elements. Additional advantages flow from this starting
point.
[0007] By using two separated chords rather than a solid wood
framing element, the present invention reduces the wood content of
framing members by 20 to 40 percent. This reduction in the wood
content required for a structure is an environmental benefit that
fits with today's emphasis on green building.
[0008] By improving energy efficiency while reducing the amount of
wood resources needed, the present invention is a natural fit with
the goals of building green. Rating systems for green buildings
such as Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design commonly
referred to as LEED are becoming widely recognized. The framing
system of present invention should fit easily into these green
building rating systems. A structure built with the present
invention should achieve a better rating than one built with
conventional methods.
[0009] The dimensions of the present invention do not need to
conform to standards for dimensional lumber, but may be designed to
maximize an attribute or some combination of attributes. It is
natural to match some standard construction dimensions such as wall
thickness where standards for doors and windows exist. For builders
who are interested in reaching a goal of super insulated
construction, the present invention can be adapted to create
thicker walls with greater space for installing insulation. These
thicker walls are ideal for a developing category of ultra
efficient homes described as Zero Net Energy Homes. With passive
solar features as well as solar electric and solar thermal systems,
these homes aim to create as much energy as they use.
[0010] The present invention provides properties strength,
straightness and improved thermal performance with less material,
less weight, and potentially lower cost when compared with today's
lumber products. The separated members of the present invention
offer reduced labor required for running wires, pipe, air
conditioning, etc. when compared to some engineered lumber
products.
[0011] The present invention is a natural fit for structures
completely designed and engineered with computer software. With
every framing element defined and modeled, combined with the
manufactured nature of framing members, job specific parts can be
produced and kitted together so that every element lines up with
other parts and fits into an integrate whole where almost all field
measuring and cutting is eliminated. In other words, the framing
members go together like pieces of a Lego kit. The amount of time
required to build a house or other structure will be reduced. Walls
can be diagonally braced on the internal sides of the separated
members without a requirement for notching.
[0012] Further objects and advantages will become apparent from a
consideration of the ensuing description and drawings.
[0013] In accordance with the present invention, wood framing
assemblies comprising of two separated parallel wood framing
members that are securely fastened together with a limited amount
of connecting material; king jack stud assemblies comprising of two
separated parallel wood framing members that are securely fastened
together with connecting material that when assembled with header
assembly and window base assembly as needed provide continuous
structural material between the chords from a header assembly to
the base; and header and window base assemblies comprising of solid
cores sandwiched by foam which is sandwiched by face board.
Assemblies of this invention form a system of framing used to
construct a wood framed building.
DRAWINGS--FIGURES
[0014] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a wall section showing
features of the present invention.
[0015] FIG. 2A is a perspective view of a wall stud with
alternating pegs and ends with extending blocks.
[0016] FIG. 2B is an enlarged view of FIG. 2A.
[0017] FIG. 3A is a perspective view of a short wall stud with
alternating pegs and a top end with a block and a bottom with an
extending block.
[0018] FIG. 3B is an exploded view of FIG. 3A.
[0019] FIG. 4A is a perspective view of bottom or top plates with
blocks.
[0020] FIG. 4B is an enlarged view of FIG. 4A showing a receiving
end.
[0021] FIG. 4C is an enlarged view of FIG. 4A showing an extending
end.
[0022] FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a king jack window stud with
a base extension.
[0023] FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a king jack door stud with a
base extension.
[0024] FIG. 7 is a perspective view of a header.
[0025] FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a window base.
[0026] FIG. 9 is a perspective view a cylindrical peg.
[0027] FIG. 10 is a perspective view an octagonal peg.
[0028] FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a square peg with octagonal
ends.
[0029] FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a short cylindrical
peg.
[0030] FIG. 13 is a perspective view of a wall stud with
alternating pegs and ends with blocks.
[0031] FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a wall stud with
blocks.
[0032] FIG. 15A is a perspective view of a wall stud with finger
jointed blocks.
[0033] FIG. 15B is an end view of FIG. 15A.
[0034] FIG. 16A is a perspective view of a wall stud with board
blocks.
[0035] FIG. 16B is an end view of FIG. 16A
[0036] FIG. 17A is a perspective view of a wall stud with
alternating board blocks.
[0037] FIG. 17B is an enlarged view of FIG. 17A.
DRAWINGS--REFERENCE NUMERALS
TABLE-US-00001 [0038] 20 diagonal brace 22 stud chord 24
cylindrical peg 26 extending block 28 short stud chord 30 standard
block 32 plate chord 34 lower jack block 36 upper jack block 38
fill jack block 40 header core 42 header foam 44 header face 46
window base core 48 window base foam 50 window base face 52
octagonal peg 54 square peg with octagonal ends 56 short
cylindrical peg 58 finger jointed block 60 board block
DETAILED DESCRIPTIONS OF INVENTION
[0039] Embodiments of wood framing assemblies of wall studs, short
wall studs, and top and bottom plates; king jack stud assemblies;
header and window base assemblies; and parts of the present
invention are illustrated in FIG. 1-FIG. 17. For the reader's
reference, the figures shown in this application have been created
to match the thickness of a conventionally framed wall using
2''.times.6'' lumber which is nominally 5.5'' in the dimension that
determines wall thickness. The present invention is not limited to
a specific wall thickness or other dimension but can be adjusted to
meet any desirable characteristics such as strength, thermal
performance, and the ability to accept fasteners.
[0040] FIG. 1 shows an exterior wall section of a house or other
structure that includes an opening for a window. FIG. 1 is made up
of wood framing assemblies shown in FIG. 2A, FIG. 3A, FIG. 4A, that
are a wall stud assembly, a short wall stud assembly, and a top or
bottom plate assembly respectively; a king jack stud assembly shown
in FIG. 5; horizontal support assemblies including a header
assembly shown in FIG. 7 and a window base assembly shown in FIG.
8; and of parts that are two diagonal braces 20. The diagonal
braces 20 strengthen the wall. The numbering 2A, 3A, 4A, 5, 7 and 8
on FIG. 1 refer to the assemblies shown in FIG. 2A, FIG. 3A, FIG.
4A, FIG. 5, FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 respectively. The assemblies fit
together with extensions on wall studs (FIG. 2A, FIG. 3A) and king
jack stud assemblies (FIG. 5) mating with open slots in top and
bottom plate assemblies (FIG. 4); and extensions on a header
assembly (FIG. 7) and on a window base assembly (FIG. 8) mating
with open slots in king jack stud assemblies (FIG. 5). The mating
of stud and plate assemblies is optimized so that every stud
assembly's extension, extending block 26 or jack block 34, 38,
comes in contact with a plate assembly's two plate chords 32 as
well as a plate assembly's standard block 30. This allows for rapid
assembly that reduces the need to measure and offers three mating
surfaces for connecting wall studs and plates together. The next
paragraph extends this mating method to an additional application
before returning to the flow of this section.
[0041] The method for mating between stud and plate assemblies
described in the previous paragraph where the attachment of
extensions allows for defined fastening locations and three
surfaces that mate can be transferred to be used with the mating of
floor joists and floor joist assemblies with extensions to center
beam assemblies. An example of a center beam assembly with a
receiving feature is a wood product center beam constructed as a
double I beam with blocks that fit in between the top and bottom
chords on the sides of the double I beam, that come flush with the
edge of the chords, and offer a vertical surface for mating
extensions of joists and joist assemblies to the center beam
assembly. To make the bottom chord of double I center beam secure
enough to carry loading of floor joists, mending plates could be
used to tie blocks to both chords.
[0042] Fastening methods used to connect studs to plates would
likely be different than used with conventional wood framing.
Smaller diameter nails, screws, staples, pre-drilled holes for
screws, and adhesives may all be used. Additionally pegs similar to
those described in the present invention may be used in pre-drilled
holes to tie studs to plates as well as king jack studs to a header
and a window base in a fashion similar to pegged post and beam
construction.
[0043] Several features of the present invention are easily seen in
FIG. 1. Blown or sprayed insulation will fill in the open voids of
wall stud assemblies (FIG. 2A, FIG. 3A) and the open voids of top
and bottom plate assemblies (FIG. 4). These same voids reduce the
drilling required for wiring and piping. Wires, pipes, and small
air ducts can be routed through top and bottom plate assemblies
(FIG. 4).
[0044] A king jack stud assembly (FIG. 5) replaces two studs, a
king stud and a jack stud, with a single combination stud. By
replacing two studs with one support, the present invention reduces
the amount of wood used in a wall thereby improving the thermal
characteristics of the wall. In addition, using less wood is an
environmental benefit that has value in building green. The
separated stud chords 22 of a king jack stud assembly play the role
of a standard king stud that goes from bottom plate to top plate
while the blocks 34, 36 between the stud chords 22 play the role of
a standard jack stud in holding up a header assembly (FIG. 7). The
king jack stud assembly of FIG. 5 has a slot to receive an
extension of a window base assembly (FIG. 8). The header assembly
(FIG. 7) and the window base assembly (FIG. 8) have insulating foam
42, 48 that bring them to a thermal efficiency in line with the
rest of the wall assembly when insulated.
[0045] A wood framing assembly has the basic functionality of a
conventional wood framing members such as wall studs, wall top
plates and bottom plates, joists, and rafters. Wood framing
assemblies include wall stud assemblies, short wall stud
assemblies, and top and bottom wall plate assemblies that are shown
in the present invention as well as floor joist assemblies and
rafter assemblies.
[0046] A wall stud assembly with extending blocks 26 is shown in
FIG. 2A. FIG. 2B shows an enlarged view of one end of FIG. 2A. This
wall stud assembly is composed of two separated stud chords 22
secured together by cylindrical pegs 24 that alternate from side to
side and extending blocks 26. Cylindrical pegs 24 are set into
holes drilled in the inner surfaces of the chords, with the inner
surfaces of the chords being the surfaces of the two chords that
face each other, and the outer surfaces being opposite the inner
surfaces and determining the depth of the wall stud. The
cylindrical pegs alternate from side to side producing a stud with
greater stiffness than a similar construction with pegs spaced in a
single row. The use of adhesives is expected to be a preferred
method of enhancing the attachment of pegs in holes.
[0047] By drilling holes with a drill bit that produces a flat
surface at the base of the holes, and drilling with reference to
the outer surface of a chord, the depth of the wall stud is
determined by the length of the pegs and the thickness of the
material between the hole bases and the outer surfaces of the
chords.
[0048] Two surfaces of the extending blocks 26 are in contact with
to the inner surfaces of the stud chords 22 and are attached to
them. The stud chords 22 are drilled to accept cylindrical pegs 24
by themselves as well as cylindrical pegs 24 that pass through and
are optionally fastened with adhesive to extending blocks 26. An
exploded view of a short stud assembly of FIG. 3B shows these
features in greater detail. The extending blocks 26 provide an
extension for mating these studs to top and bottom plate assemblies
shown in FIG. 4. The use of adhesives is expected to be a preferred
method of enhancing the attachment of blocks to chords.
[0049] A short window stud assembly with a base extension is shown
in FIG. 3A. An exploded view of this assembly is shown in FIG. 3B.
This window stud assembly is composed of two separated short chords
28 secured together by wooden cylindrical pegs 24 and an extension
block 26 at the base and a standard block 30 at the top. The short
chords 28 are drilled to accept cylindrical pegs 24 by themselves
and cylindrical pegs 24 that pass through an extending block 26 and
a standard block 30.
[0050] A plate assembly that can be used either as a top plate or a
bottom plate is shown in FIG. 4A. FIG. 4B shows an enlarged view of
the end of FIG. 4A with a recessed standard block 30 that is set up
to mate with an extension of wall stud assembly. FIG. 4C shows an
enlarged view of the other end of FIG. 4A that is set up to mate
with another plate assembly's end as shown in FIG. 4B. This plate
assembly is composed of two separated long chords 32 secured
together by standard blocks 30. The standard blocks 30 could
include the incorporation of pegs as shown in FIG. 3B. Standard
blocks 30 and extending blocks 32 may be made of strand lumber
products to take advantage of its ability to receive nails without
splitting and its ability to hold nails that are driven several
directions because of their absence of distinct wood grain. The
next five paragraphs include explanations and concepts before
returning to the flow of this section.
[0051] An alternate way to secure blocks is to nail them place by
nailing through chords. To maximize the capability to transfer
shear through a wooden block with wood grain running in the long
direction of the wood framing assembly, nails from both sides of
the stud would penetrate more than half way through blocks if
deemed necessary. Blocks constructed of strand lumber products that
do not have grain orientation like conventional lumber have greater
ability to transfer shear forces without splitting and may not
require nails or cylindrical pegs to carry shear forces through the
block. An alternate method of fastening blocks is to insert double
ended nails into blocks and press the chords on the blocks after
applying adhesive. This would minimize any splitting of chords due
to nailing.
[0052] A block consists of a material with two surfaces that
contact the inner surfaces of two chords or features cut into the
surfaces of two chords and determine the distance between the two
chords, wherein the surfaces may be smooth or rough cut and
features may include continuous slots, intermittent slots, milled
slots that end abruptly, and finger joints. Beyond the two surfaces
that contact the chords the shape of a block is not defined. The
preferred shape is expected to be a rectangular solid. Preferred
materials for blocks are expected to be solid wood, strand lumber
products, and laminated wood. Other materials may be used for
blocks.
[0053] Chords may have one or more rough cut surfaces.
[0054] Chords of may be made of finger jointed wood. Two layers of
finger jointed wood adhered together may provide an optimum value
engineered chord where two layers adhered together enhances
strength of chords by joining wood with different grain and by
re-enforcing weak spots present in one of the layers. Laminated
layers may include solid wood, veneer, and strand board products.
Preferred materials for chords are expected to be solid wood,
laminated wood and finger jointed wood. Other materials may be used
for chords.
[0055] Expanding the idea of using two layers of wood adhered
together to create a chord, the layer that includes the outer
surface of a chord could be wider than the layer that includes the
inner surface of a chord. This geometry of a chord with a wide
upper layer could be particularly beneficial in producing floor
joist and rater assemblies that can be spaced widely apart from the
next floor joist or rafter assembly. An example would be floor
joists spaced on 24 inch centers rather than on 16 inch
centers.
[0056] A king jack window stud assembly with base extension is
shown in FIG. 5. This king jack window stud assembly is composed of
two separated stud chords 22, a lower jack block 34 with a built in
base extension, and an upper jack block 36. The lower jack block 34
and upper jack block 36 are attached in place. Pegs 24, 52, 56
assembled in holes in stud chords 22 and into the blocks 34, 36 or
using nails as described previously can be added as determined by
engineered requirements. This king jack window stud assembly is
used to frame a window opening and is used in conjunction with
bottom and top plate assemblies as shown in FIG. 4, a header
assembly as shown in FIG. 7, and a window base assembly as shown in
FIG. 8.
[0057] A king jack door stud assembly is shown in FIG. 6. This king
jack door stud assembly is composed of two separated stud chords 22
and a full jack block 38 that extends beyond the base of the stud
cords 22. The full jack block 38 is attached in place. Nails
through the stud chords 22 into the block or cylindrical pegs 24
assembled into holes in the chords and block can be added as
determined by engineering requirements. This king jack door stud
assembly is used to frame a door opening and is used in conjunction
with a top and bottom plate assemblies as shown in FIG. 4 and a
header assembly as shown in FIG. 7. This stud can also be used for
windows in conjunction with a window support.
[0058] The king jack stud assemblies of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 each
replace 2 studs using conventional lumber. Both the king jack stud
assemblies of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 may be produced without extensions
to be used with conventional top and bottom plates. The following
paragraph defines a vertical king jack stud.
[0059] A vertical king jack stud can be a king jack stud assembly
or a solid piece of wood or wood product that may have the
geometric features of the king jack assemblies of FIG. 5 or FIG. 6
or may have features that properly support a variety of headers and
extensions of header assemblies.
[0060] The header assembly of FIG. 7 mates with king jack window
stud assembly shown in FIG. 5. The header assembly is composed of a
load bearing wood product header core 40 with header foam 42
attached with adhesive to both sides of the header, and header face
44 attached with adhesive to the exposed side of the header foam.
The header core 40 may be made of laminated strand lumber. The
header foam 42 may be extruded foam. The header face 44 may be
oriented strand board. The thickness of the header core is shown to
be the full width of the jack blocks of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. This
thickness may be reduced to allow a greater thickness of foam board
while still meeting structural requirements. Thinner core
extensions could be built up with solid wood products to create the
same size extensions as the original header shown in FIG. 7. Header
core extensions could be reduced in height to allow room for an
extending block 26 to be added to the top of a king jack stud if
desired.
[0061] The window base assembly of FIG. 8 mates with king jack stud
assemblies shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. The window base assembly is
composed of a load bearing wood product window base core 46 with
window base foam 48 attached with adhesive to both sides of the
core and window base face 50 attached with adhesive to the exposed
side of the window base foam 48. The window base core 46 may be
made of laminated strand lumber. The construction of the window
base assembly is the same as the header assembly of FIG. 7 and
could be modified as described for the header assembly.
[0062] A cylindrical peg 24 is shown in FIG. 9. A potentially cost
effective octagonal peg 52 shown in FIG. 9 approximates a
cylindrical peg 24 and could be inserted and additionally attached
with adhesive into a round hole. A square peg with octagonal ends
54 is shown in FIG. 7B. This peg and could be inserted and
additional attached with adhesive into a round hole while
maximizing the cross sectional area of exposed peg. If desired the
peg could be stepped so that the square cross section is enlarged
relative to the octagonal ends.
[0063] A short cylindrical peg 56 is shown in FIG. 12. This short
cylindrical peg would be used as an alternate to a cylindrical peg
connect blocks with chords if it is determined that blocks will not
split due to shear stress using this peg. A short octagonal
alternate would also work here.
[0064] Pegs 24, 52, 54, 56 may be made out of a different species
of wood than the chords 22, 28, 32, 62 of the present invention.
The chords 22, 28, 32, 62 would likely be made of pine spruce or
fir, while the pegs may be made of pine, spruce, fir, poplar or a
hardwood. In addition the cylindrical peg 24 could be formed as a
strand lumber product.
[0065] Pegs may be made out of materials other than wood including
metal, plastic, and other materials. Pegs may be driven into chords
without drilling if the composition of the peg allows it. The
nature of a peg is that the ends of a peg preferable are able to be
assembled into a drilled hole in a chord or be driven into a chord
with a single penetration.
[0066] Holes drilled in the chords 22, 28, 32 to accept pegs 24,
52, 54, 56 can be used to set the dimension of a wood framing
assembly from the outer surface of one chord to the outer surface
of a second connected chord. These holes are drilled with to have
flat bottom holes whose depth is referenced to the outer surface of
the chords. In this fashion a peg of know length will produce a
wood framing assembly of the desired depth.
[0067] A wall stud shown in FIG. 13 is similar to the wall stud of
FIG. 2 but has blocks where FIG. 2 has extending blocks. A wall
stud without extensions would be used with a conventional top and
bottom plate. This wall stud is composed of two separated wooden
stud chords 22 secured together by wooden cylindrical pegs 24 and
wooden blocks 30 that are attached in place. This wall stud
assembly is designed to be connected to top and bottom plates made
of solid wood such as conventional 2''.times.6'' lumber.
[0068] The next four wall studs shown in FIG. 14, FIG. 15, FIG. 16,
and FIG. 17A are all shown with standard blocks 30, but all four
could be configured to include extending blocks 26 if desired.
[0069] A wall stud with separated standard blocks 30 along the
major axis is shown in FIG. 14. The stud chords 22 are drilled to
accept cylindrical pegs 24 that pass through blocks 28 in the
manner shown in FIG. 3B. As described earlier alternates may be
used in place of these pegs.
[0070] A wall stud with separated finger jointed blocks 58 along
the major axis is shown in FIG. 15. The stud chords 22 are
intermittently or continuously slotted to accept finger jointed
blocks 58. Finger jointed blocks are attached with adhesive in
place. The preferred orientation of wood grain of the finger
jointed blocks 58 is wood grain that runs from a first chord to a
second chord.
[0071] A wall stud with separated board blocks 60 is shown in FIG.
16. The stud chords 22 are intermittently or continuously slotted
to accept board block 60. The strength of the connection between A
wall stud with board blocks 58 that alternate from side to side is
shown in FIG. 17.
[0072] The stud chords 22 have slots of similar dimension to the
board block 58. The standard blocks 30 at the ends of this stud are
similar to the blocks of FIG. 13. This wall stud has advantages of
the stiffness gained by the use of alternating side to side pegs of
wall studs of FIG. 2 and FIG. 13 combined with enhanced stiffness
of board blocks 58. This stud assembly as well as some of the other
stud assemblies could be tailored to produce long stud assemblies
strong enough to be used to produce tall walls.
[0073] In addition this stud assembly as well as some of the other
stud assemblies could be tailored to produce joist and rafter
assemblies. Starting with the wall stud of FIG. 17, the board
blocks 58 could be modified to be trapezoidal with a long side and
a short side that are parallel to each other and mate with slots in
chords wherein the long side would mate with chord of the load
bearing side of the assembly. The spacing of the trapezoidal blocks
could be tailored to allow for the passage of piping including
drainage piping through the assembly in many places along the
length of the assembly and allow for the passage of air ducts near
the center of the assembly.
ADVANTAGES
[0074] From the descriptions above, a number of advantages of my
separated member wood framing system become evident:
[0075] The thermal break in the wall studs and top and bottom
plates provides space for insulation. Damp spray cellulose
insulation and spray in place foam products can be used to insulate
the open bays and in between the separated chords of the wall
studs. The king-jack studs do not have a thermal break but instead
reduce the cross sectional area of thermally conducting wood when
compared to conventional framing. The insulating design of the
header and window base keep the thermal efficiency of the wall
high.
[0076] The separated chords provide easy passages for wire,
conduit, and piping. Potable water piping and heat piping and
ductwork with a small cross sectional area can be kept from the
cold by creating an insulated cavity. This can be done using an
adhesive to attach foam board to the inside of exterior sheathing
in bays where pipes will run. Ductwork such as used in high
velocity air systems can be routed through top plates and into
walls with either no modification or minor modifications to top
plate and stud design.
[0077] This manufactured framing will produce consistently straight
and true walls enhancing the construction buildings including
window and door installation and plaster and drywall installation
and finish.
[0078] Labor savings will occur in the assembly of walls built of
the present invention. The reduced weight of the wall will be
beneficial in assembly. The time required to drill holes for wire
and pipe runs will be reduced.
[0079] The reduced amount of wood used in the wall is an
environmentally desirable outcome of the present invention.
[0080] The process of constructing with this method fits very well
with computer aided house and building design where entire
structures can be optimized. This approach may be used to deliver
pre-engineered framing members for "kit" framed homes or
developments where minimal cutting of framing members is
needed.
* * * * *