U.S. patent application number 10/564802 was filed with the patent office on 2007-09-13 for sports training and testing methods, appartaus and system.
This patent application is currently assigned to Fusion Sport International PTY LTD. Invention is credited to Makus Deutsch, Douglas Joseph Huntington Moore.
Application Number | 20070213126 10/564802 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34063962 |
Filed Date | 2007-09-13 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070213126 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Deutsch; Makus ; et
al. |
September 13, 2007 |
Sports Training And Testing Methods, Appartaus And System
Abstract
A sports training and testing apparatus for at least one athlete
(50), said apparatus including a control unit (11) adapted to
implement a predetermined protocol; a plurality of remote units
(12) for providing a series of stimuli for said at least one
athlete in accordance with the protocol; at least one sensor (14)
for providing to said control unit feedback information associated
with said at least one athlete's response to the stimuli; and a
communications network (10) providing communications between the
control unit and the plurality of remote units including said at
least one sensor (14).
Inventors: |
Deutsch; Makus; (Toowong,
AU) ; Moore; Douglas Joseph Huntington; (Wellington
Point, AU) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MORGAN, LEWIS & BOCKIUS, LLP
ONE MARKET SPEAR STREET TOWER
SAN FRANCISCO
CA
94105
US
|
Assignee: |
Fusion Sport International PTY
LTD
|
Family ID: |
34063962 |
Appl. No.: |
10/564802 |
Filed: |
July 14, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
July 14, 2004 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/AU04/00948 |
371 Date: |
April 2, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
463/36 ;
473/422 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A63B 71/0686 20130101;
A63B 2220/62 20130101; A63B 69/0024 20130101; A63B 69/002 20130101;
A63B 2225/15 20130101; A63B 2024/0025 20130101; A63B 2243/0066
20130101; A63B 24/0075 20130101; A63B 2225/50 20130101; A63B 69/38
20130101; A63B 2225/54 20130101; A63B 2071/063 20130101; A63B
71/0622 20130101; A63B 2220/801 20130101; A63B 2220/803 20130101;
A63B 69/0053 20130101; A63B 2225/74 20200801; G07C 1/22 20130101;
A63B 2220/13 20130101; A63B 2225/10 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
463/036 ;
473/422 |
International
Class: |
A63F 9/24 20060101
A63F009/24; A63B 69/00 20060101 A63B069/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jul 14, 2003 |
AU |
2003903621 |
Sep 16, 2003 |
AU |
2003905031 |
Claims
1: A method for sports training and testing of at least one
athlete, said method comprising the steps of: initiating within a
control unit a predetermined protocol for training and testing,
which protocol comprises layout information for locations of a
plurality of remote units and at least one sensor, and route or
game plan information for said at least one athlete relative to the
plurality of remote units; instructing said plurality of remote
units by the control unit to produce a series of stimuli for said
at least one athlete in accordance with the route or game plan
information; receiving feedback information from said at least one
sensor associated with at least one remote unit, said feedback
information associated with said at least one athlete's response to
the stimuli; transmitting the feedback information to said control
unit; and automatically modifying further stimuli of the series of
stimuli having regard to the route or game plan information and the
response.
2: The sports training and testing method according to claim 1
wherein the route or game plan includes one or more pre-programmed
or user defined stimuli activation patterns for physical activities
required of said at least one athlete.
3: The sports training and testing method according to claim 1
wherein the protocol further includes information about sequencing
of the series of stimuli and desired actions in response required
of said at least one athlete.
4: The sports training and testing method of claim 2 wherein said
protocol is a reactive sprinting and agility protocol and the
method further comprises the steps of: measuring said at least one
athletes reaction time upon starting the protocol; and measuring
said at least one athletes sprint times over a random course
defined by said activation patterns.
5: The sports training and testing method of claim 2 wherein said
protocol is a reactive offensive/defensive training protocol
wherein said at least one athlete includes players and the method
further comprises the step of: instructing at least one offensive
player through a plurality of defensive players over a random
course defined by said activation patterns, wherein the plurality
of defensive players are required to react to said at least one
offensive player's movements without knowledge of the random
course.
6: The sports training and testing method of claim 2 wherein said
protocol is a group reactive training protocol wherein said at
least one athlete includes a group of players that are subjected to
stimuli to complete a series tactical patterns or combinations of
play over a random course defined by said activation patterns.
7: The sports training and testing method of claim 6 wherein said
group reactive training protocol further comprises the step of:
instructing a first player from said group of players to move to a
randomly selected remote unit thereby prompting remaining players
within the group to initiate the most appropriate tactical move or
pattern of play in response to the instructed movement.
8: The sports training and testing method of claim 2 wherein said
protocol is a grid training protocol and the method further
comprises the steps of: placing an array of remote units in a grid
type configuration; directing a group of athletes, simultaneously
or separately by stimuli specific to respective athletes, through a
course indicated by said remote units wherein the course is a
random course defined by said activation patterns.
9: The sports training and testing method of claim 1 wherein the
feedback information is forwarded to one of said plurality of
remote units before forwarding said information to the control
unit.
10: A sports training and testing apparatus for at least one
athlete, said apparatus comprising: a control unit adapted to
implement a predetermined protocol, wherein the protocol comprises
layout information for remote units and sensors and route or game
plan information for said at least one athlete; a plurality of
remote units disposed in accordance with the layout information for
providing a series of stimuli for said at least one athlete in
accordance with the route or game plan information; at least one
sensor disposed in accordance with the layout information for
providing feedback information associated with said at least one
athlete's response to the stimuli to said control unit; and a
communications network providing communications between the control
unit and the plurality of remote units including said at least one
sensor, wherein further stimuli in said series of stimuli are
automatically modified having regard to the route or game plan
information and the response.
11: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein the control unit is selected from the group of portable
processing devices including a portable computer, a personal
digital assistant (PDA), a palm top device, and a mobile telephone
device.
12: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in either
claim 10 wherein the remote units receive instructions for
producing the stimuli for said at least one athlete in accordance
with the protocol from said control unit via the communications
network.
13: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein the remote units include means for identifying said at
least one athlete.
14: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein the remote units are adapted to provide stimuli
including any one or more of audio stimuli, visual stimuli, tactile
stimuli or a combination thereof.
15: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein means for producing the stimuli are mounted on said
remote units.
16: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein means for producing the stimuli are mounted separately
of said remote units.
17: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein the remote units further include a data capture sub-unit
having a memory.
18: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
17 wherein the data capture sub-unit is adapted to receive said
feedback information from the sensors before forwarding the
information to said control unit.
19: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein said at least one sensor is a biometric sensor.
20: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein said at least one sensor is selected from the group
including a timer, a pressure sensor, a pedometer and an
accelerometer.
21: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein said at least one sensor is integral with or coupled to
one of said plurality of remote units.
22: The sports training and testing apparatus as defined in claim
10 wherein said at least one sensor is worn by said at least one
athlete.
23: A sports training and testing system for at least one athlete,
said system comprising: an on-field network having the sports
training and testing apparatus of claim 10; and a communications
link coupling the on-field network to an off-field network, the
off-field network having: a terminal for receiving from said
control unit via the communications link data containing the
feedback information for post processing; and a memory for storing
the post processed data.
24: The sports training and testing system according to claim 23
wherein the communication link includes a wireless link.
25: The sports training and testing system according to claim 23
wherein the communication link includes a wired connection.
26: The sports training and testing system according to claim 23
wherein the remote terminal is a computer workstation running
software means for processing the data containing feedback
information.
27. The sports training and testing system according to claim 26
wherein the remote terminal includes an Internet connection.
28: The sports training and testing system according to claim 26
further comprising a protocol development suite for developing or
modifying protocols for specific training needs of different
athletes.
29: The sports training and testing system according to claim 23
wherein the processed data is stored in a database to enable later
retrieval and analysis by a trainer or coach.
30: The sports training and testing system according to claim 23
wherein a trainer receives intermediate reports regarding said at
least one athlete's responses compared with the responses required
by the predetermined protocol.
31: The sports training and testing system according to 30 wherein
the trainer modifies the protocol in real time based on said
intermediate reports.
32: A sports training and testing method for a user, said method
comprising the steps of: initiating within a control unit a
predetermined protocol for training and testing the user;
instructing a plurality of remote units to produce a series of
stimuli to the athlete in response to the predetermined protocol;
receiving feedback information from at least one sensor, which
feedback information is associated with the user's response to the
stimuli; automatically modifying further stimuli of the series of
stimuli having regard to the feedback information; transmitting the
feedback information across a communications link to a remote
terminal; processing the received information within the remote
terminal; and storing the processed information in a memory.
33: A sports training and testing system for a user, said system
comprising: an on-field network having: a control unit adapted to
implement a predetermined protocol for training and/or testing the
user; a plurality of remote units for providing a series of stimuli
to said user in accordance with the predetermined protocol; at
least one sensor for providing feedback information associated with
said user's response to the stimuli to said control unit, wherein
further stimuli in the series of stimuli may be automatically
modified having regard to the feedback information; and a
communications link coupling the on-field network to an off-field
network, the off-field network having: a terminal for receiving
from said control unit via the communications link the feedback
information for post processing; and a memory for storing the post
processed data.
34-58. (canceled)
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] 1. Field of the Invention
[0002] This invention relates to sports training and testing
methods, apparatus and system.
[0003] This invention has particular, but not exclusive,
application to sports training and testing methods, apparatus and
system which finds utility in a wide range of sports including all
football codes, athletics, snow and ice sports, tennis, hockey and
any other sport where strength, fitness and/or agility are
important. For illustrative purposes reference will be made to such
human applications. However, it is to be understood that this
invention could be used in other applications, such as the training
and testing of animals, including horses and dogs.
[0004] 2. Discussion of the Background Art
[0005] The preparation of athletes (human, equine, canine or
otherwise) involves a varying combination of optimising performance
in a number of areas, such as follows: [0006] 1) Locomotive
abilities including speed, acceleration, agility (the ability to
change direction), endurance, speed endurance, power, balance and
coordination. [0007] 2) Decision making ability--the ability to
make strategic decisions based on internal and external stimuli and
occurrences. [0008] 3) Motor processing--including aspects such as
reaction time, the combination of collecting and processing
internal or external information, formulation a decision, and
effecting this decision by changing or maintaining the current
activity. [0009] 4) Tactical ability and strategy--formulating the
best combination of behaviours or movement in order to achieve a
desired result. This aspect can be either pre-meditated or
formulated in response to internal/external stimuli. [0010] 5)
Ability to perform to capacity--including freedom from injury or
fatigue which may negatively affect performance.
[0011] Maximising capability in these areas requires learning,
practice and adjustment, until such a time that the desired
performance is reached. There are a wide variety of interventions
In the sporting world aimed at improving these factors, most of
which work on the cyclical system of providing a stimulus or
command, which in turn calls for a performance of movement, which
has a result or outcome, which provides a feedback mechanism or
result to the athlete.
[0012] One such example is discussed in international application
WO 88/05323 entitled "Athletic Evaluation and Training Apparatus".
This document discloses an apparatus and method for testing and
enhancing the ability an athlete to quickly respond to visual
stimuli. As the athlete leaves the starting position, two timers
are activated. Upon the athlete's arrival at a first way point, the
first counter is stopped. Once at the first way point the athlete
is then provided with a visual cue, which instructs the athlete to
perform a predetermined movement or exercise. On completion of the
movement or exercise the second timer is stopped, allowing the
total time it took the athlete to complete the entire scenario to
be calculated.
[0013] Another example is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,072,751
entitled "Athletic Training Device and Method". This document
discloses an athletic training device, which includes a control
unit coupled at least one finish line unit via a communication
link. The control unit provides signals, which simulates a start of
race condition. The system may further include intermediate units
to measure split time for an athlete. The main control unit then
utilises gather timing information from the intermediate and finish
line units to determine reaction times of the athlete. The system
also records weather and/or atmospheric conditions in addition to
the timing information.
[0014] U.S. Pat. No. 6,013,007 entitled "Athlete's GPS Based
Performance Monitor" discloses a GPS based athletic performance
device with real-time feedback. The feedback information is
provided to the athlete during the activity through a set of
headphones. The device is capable of being coupled to a PC allowing
for download and post processing of the feedback information. The
process information is then transferred to a web site, which
provides the athlete with a comparison of their performance with
other athletes using the system.
[0015] Much of the background art concerning the application of
information technology to sport focuses on providing retrospective
feedback to both the athlete and coach. That is, the majority of
such devices are typically used solely as testing tools, rather
than actually providing a training stimulus. The sport and exercise
environments are becoming increasingly populated with electronic
devices for measuring physical performance and biological responses
to various types of physical performance tasks. While these devices
are able to provide feedback information on various aspects of
physical, tactical, and skill based performances, they do not
provide direct stimuli for improving training efficacy. As such,
these disparate devices do not stimulate the cognitive or tactical
aspects of athletic performance such as decision making, reaction
time, peripheral vision or environmental awareness that are crucial
in the sporting context.
[0016] At present, many aspects of sports training and testing are
performed manually with considerable subjective elements and
potential for bias due to human error. Of the automated fitness
test protocols that exist, most of these must be performed in a
controlled laboratory environment due to the expense, size and
complexity of the equipment involved. These tests, furthermore, are
generic in nature and often not specific to the demands of the
sport for which they are used.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Object of the Invention
[0017] It would be advantageous to provide a training and testing
method, apparatus and system that conveniently provides a training
stimulus, measures the outcome/performance, and reports the outcome
to the athlete or trainer, desirably in real time.
Disclosure of the Invention
[0018] This invention, in one broad aspect, resides in a sports
training and testing method for at least one athlete, said method
including the steps of:
[0019] initiating a predetermined protocol for training and testing
within a control unit;
[0020] instructing a plurality of remote units to produce a series
of stimuli for said at least one athlete in accordance with the
protocol;
[0021] receiving feedback information from at least one sensor
associated with said at least one athlete's responses to each
stimulus;
[0022] transmitting the Information to said control unit; and
[0023] modifying further stimuli of the series having regard to the
responses.
[0024] In another aspect, this invention resides in a sports
training and testing apparatus for at least one athlete, said
apparatus including:
[0025] a control unit adapted to implement a predetermined protocol
for training and testing;
[0026] a plurality of remote units for providing, upon instruction
by the control unit, a series of stimuli for said at least one
athlete in accordance with the protocol;
[0027] at least one sensor for providing feedback information
associated with said at least one athlete's responses to the
stimuli to said control unit; and
[0028] a communications network providing communications between
the control unit and the plurality of remote units and said at
least one sensor.
[0029] Preferably, the communications network is an on-field
network.
[0030] In a further aspect, this invention resides in a sports
training and testing system for at least one athlete, said system
including:
[0031] an on-field network including: [0032] a control unit adapted
to implement a predetermined protocol for training and/or testing;
[0033] a plurality of remote units for providing, upon instruction
by the control unit, a series of stimuli to said at least one
athlete in accordance with the protocol; [0034] at least one sensor
for providing feedback information associated with said at least
one athlete's response to the stimuli to said control unit, and
[0035] a communications link coupling the on-field network to an
off-field network, the off-field network including: [0036] a
terminal for receiving from said control unit via the
communications link data containing the feedback information for
post processing; and [0037] a memory for storing the post processed
data.
[0038] In a still further aspect, this invention resides in a
sports training and testing method including the steps of:
[0039] initiating a predetermined protocol for training and testing
within a control unit;
[0040] instructing a plurality of remote units to produce a series
of stimuli in accordance with the protocol;
[0041] receiving feedback information from at least one sensor in
response to the stimuli;
[0042] transmitting the information across a communications link to
a remote terminal;
[0043] processing the received information within the terminal;
and
[0044] storing the processed information.
[0045] Preferably the processed information is stored in a database
for display and/or further analysis, as desired.
[0046] The predetermined protocol may include one or more
pre-programmed or user defined stimuli activation patterns for a
series of physical activities in a training regime. Each protocol
suitably includes information about location of the remote
terminals, the sequencing of the series of stimuli and the required
action or response.
[0047] A reactive sprinting and agility protocol may include
measurement of start reaction time and sprinting time over a random
course. A reactive offensive/defensive training protocol may
include instructing an offensive player over a random course
through a plurality of defensive player that are required to react
to the offensive players accordingly without knowledge of said
random course. A group reactive training protocol wherein a group
of players must complete a series tactical patterns or combinations
of play over a random course, may include instructing a first
player to move to a randomly selected gate and allowing the
remaining players in the group to initiate the most appropriate
tactical move or pattern of play in response to the first players
movement.
[0048] In a further grid training protocol, a small group of
athletes (e.g. 3) may be directed through a course provided by a
grid type configuration of a number of stations either
simultaneously or separately by stimuli specific to the respective
athletes, for example 3 coloured lamps at each station in the grid.
In a variation of the grid type protocol several small groups of
athletes are directed through grid of stations and are further
prompted to pass a ball, or other object amongst each other.
[0049] Preferably, the control unit is a computer, such as a
portable computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), palm top,
mobile phone or other such suitably portable processing device.
[0050] Suitably the remote units receive instructions for producing
the stimuli from the control unit either wirelessly or via a fixed
connection. Each remote unit may include means for identifying each
participating athlete, such as by use of an ID tag.
[0051] The stimuli may be audio, visual, tactile or a combination
thereof. Preferably, means for producing the stimuli are mounted on
the remote units but may also be mounted separately to the remote
units. Optionally the remote units may include a data capture
sub-unit having a memory. The remote unit may then receive feedback
information from the sensors before forwarding the information to
the control unit. The remote unit may act as an intermediate hop in
the communications network.
[0052] In one form said at least one sensor may be integral with or
coupled to the remote unit. Alternatively said at least one sensor
may be worn by the athlete. Preferably, the sensor is a biometric
sensor, but the system may also utilise other sensor devices such
as timers, pressure sensors, pedometers, accelerometers or the
like.
[0053] The communication link may be a wireless link such as a
Radio Frequency (RF), GSM, CDMA, GPRS, Microwave, laser, Infra Red
(IR), IEEE 802.11(Wireless Ethernet), Bluetooth.TM. or other such
suitable wireless communication schemes. Alternatively, the
communications link may be a wired connection such as RS232, USB,
LAN, WAN, Internet, Plain Switch Telephone Network (PSTN), Plain
Old Telephone System (POTS), Integrated Services Digital Network
(ISDN) or the like.
[0054] Preferably, the remote terminal is a workstation running
suitable software for processing the sensor feedback data. The
workstation may optionally include an internet connection, suitably
provided through an associated web server. Furthermore, the
workstation may also include a protocol development suite allowing
a trainer to tailor a training regime to an athlete's specific
needs.
[0055] The processed information is preferably stored in a database
allowing a trainer access to historical data about an athlete's
progress and to adapt the training regime accordingly. Optionally
the trainer may receive intermediate reports regarding the
athlete's performance during the training session, allowing the
trainer to modify the regime in real time if necessary having
regard to the athlete's responses. Alternatively, the protocol may
be configured to automatically modify further stimuli in the series
having regard to the responses.
[0056] In still a further aspect of the present invention
competitive sporting activity said activity, including:
[0057] a playing area, said area being defined by a plurality of
remote units, said remote units providing a set of stimuli;
[0058] a plurality of athletes wherein each of the plurality of
athletes is assigned the role of either a defensive player or an
offensive player;
[0059] a game object for propulsion by the offensive players;
[0060] randomly generating a stimuli at a selected remote unit
within the playing area assigned to the offensive players, to which
the offensive players must move the game object;
[0061] said defensive players then being required to react to
movements of said offensive player(s) in order to prevent said game
object reaching the selected remote unit.
[0062] In yet another aspect of the present invention there is
provided a method of undertaking physical activity for exercise or
competitive purposes, said method including the steps of:
[0063] providing a common activity area, said playing area being
defined by a plurality of remote units;
[0064] assigning athletes to at least two teams, said teams each
including a plurality of athletes wherein each of the plurality of
athletes is assigned the role of either a defensive player or an
offensive player;
[0065] providing a game object propelled by the offensive players
of said team;
[0066] randomly generating a stimuli identifying a team at a
selected remote unit to which the offensive players of the
identified team must move the game object, and wherein said
defensive players react to the movements of said offensive players
in order to prevent said game object reaching the selected remote
unit.
[0067] Preferably the game object is a projectile such as a ball,
flying disc such as a Frisbee or other suitable object.
[0068] Suitably the game may be played over one or more periods of
a predefined length. The periods may be a predefined time period or
it may based on other criteria such as a number of completion
required to be performed by the offensive players.
[0069] The players' actions within the activity may be governed by
an appropriate set of rules including full contact, partial contact
and non-contact rules.
[0070] Suitably penalties may be imposed on the offensive players
in response to the defensive players interfering with the movement
of the game object. The penalties may include for example the
defensive team holding onto the ball for a set time before
releasing, the defensive throwing the ball out of the grid for the
offensive team to retrieve, the exclusion of member of the
offensive team from the playing area for a set period of time or
requiring the offensive players to return the game object to a
discrete location or "home base" assigned to the offensive team
within the playing area for a given time period.
[0071] Preferably the offensive and defensive players may
intermittently interchange roles, i.e. the defensive players become
the offensive players for a period and vice versa.
[0072] The term "athlete" as used herein, and similar terms
including "player" or "competitor", is merely meant to denote a
user of the training apparatus or subject of the training method of
the invention. It will be appreciated that whilst a preferred
embodiment of invention is described in relation to human athletic
type events, it may also find application in sports and training
activities of many kinds which may involve interactions with play
objects, equipment, animals or machines, such as in the nature of
football, snow skiing, horse riding and motor-racing.
BRIEF DETAILS OF THE DRAWINGS
[0073] In order that this invention may be more readily understood
and put into practical effect, reference will now be made to the
accompanying drawings which illustrate a preferred embodiment of
the invention and wherein:
[0074] FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a system according
to one embodiment of the invention as described;
[0075] FIG. 2 illustrates a control unit and remote units of the
on-field network of the embodiment;
[0076] FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a reactive sprint/agility
protocol;
[0077] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a five-point reactive
agility protocol;
[0078] FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a reactive
offensive/defensive protocol;
[0079] FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a four player reactive
tactical protocol;
[0080] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a pacing 400 m-sprint
protocol;
[0081] FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a cycling individual
pursuit race protocol;
[0082] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a multi-zone timing/pacing
protocol;
[0083] FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a grid training/testing
protocol for individual athletes;
[0084] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a grid protocol for
providing a competitive multiple team game simulation task in
Australian Rules football; and
[0085] FIG. 12 illustrates a further example of a grid protocol for
providing another competitive multiple team game.
DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION
[0086] A diagrammatic representation of a preferred embodiment of a
sports training and testing system in accordance with the invention
is shown in FIG. 1. The preferred training and testing system of
the invention has two major components, being an on-field network
(10) and an off-field network (30). The two networks are coupled by
communication link (20) that enables transfer of data and
information therebetween.
[0087] As shown in FIG. 1, the on-field network includes at least
two main components, being remote units (12) and a control unit
(11). Various add-in components (14a and 14b) may be also utilised
to enhance the capabilities of the on-field network.
[0088] The remote units (12) can be placed in a wide variety of
configurations limited only by the range of the radio frequency
system used. In one embodiment of the system of the invention, this
range is at least 200 metres line-of sight. Furthermore, each
remote unit can function as a relay/routing device, thus greatly
extending the overall range of the system. Practically such a
system would have an unlimited range, provided a distance of no
larger than the available transmission range separated any two of
the remote units. Each data unit is powered with a removable
rechargeable battery, and can be replaced with commercial
non-rechargeable cells in that event of the rechargeable cells
failing. Alternatively, the units could be powered using solar
cells, or another form of radiant energy such as microwave.
[0089] A more detailed view of a remote unit (12) is included in
FIG. 2. The unit includes at least two components, being a data
capture sub-unit (12a) and a reactive sub-unit (12b). In a
preferred embodiment, the data capture sub-unit and reactive
sub-unit are combined in a singular housing and mounted on an
adjustable tripod, stand, floor or fence. The remote unit can also
be mobile or portable. For example, the remote unit may be worn by
the athlete (50) or attached to another object such as a bicycle or
automobile. Of course, it is to be appreciated that a person
skilled in the art would recognise that the data capture and
reactive units may be for logistical reasons separate units.
[0090] While the described embodiment of the training and testing
system of the invention utilises wireless communication (such as
one of the public radio frequency bands) as the chosen transmission
medium this could be replaced by a hardwired system of data
relaying, or an alternative wireless protocol such as microwave,
infrared, GPRS or the like. All remote units can communicate with
each other via a wireless or wired medium, suitably using fault
tolerant technology, and are equipped with at least one
programmable computing device, such as a micro-controller.
[0091] Each data capture sub-unit (12a) of the remote unit is
responsible for collecting information and relaying it to the
control unit (11). In one embodiment, the data units capture timing
information using photo-beam switches (15), known in the industry
as "timing lights". Through either reflection or transmission of
light, the state of the switch depends on whether the light beams
are broken or not. When the beam(s) are broken by the passage of an
athlete (50), a simple event signal is sent back to the control
unit.
[0092] In further embodiments, the data capture sub-unit may be
used to collect biosensor information such as heart rate or blood
pressure, collect position information from GPS or other tracking
units, or other types of sport sensor (such as an accelerometer or
ergometer) (13) which may be worn by the athlete (50).
[0093] The remote unit (12) may generally consist of a
microcontroller or microprocessor with a program stored in memory.
Each individual remote unit has a unique identification label (ID).
The ID is stored in receptor unit in a manner by which is
accessible to the stored program. For example, the ID can be stored
in the Read Only Memory (ROM) of the microcontroller, in EPROM or
set by a dip switch.
[0094] In the case of the wireless embodiment of the system of the
invention, the signal sent back to the control unit (11) is more
than a simple event signal; it will also include the unique ID of
the remote unit. In the preferred embodiment, the event signal sent
by the remote unit (12) back to the control unit (11) would include
a timestamp indicating the exact time that the beam-breaking event
occurred. The time would be calculated from a real time clock
running on the data unit, usually integrated with a
microcontroller. The real time clock of each data unit would be
synchronised by a message sent from the base unit at system start
up time. In another less accurate embodiment, the time stamp
information could be added to the event information by the control
unit (11) when it receives the event signal.
[0095] There are several other means by which the real-time
measurement of an athlete's speed of movement could be achieved,
such as: [0096] 1) The use of GPS tracking or another system of
signal triangulation such as sonar (Doppler tracking) or microwave
tracking. [0097] 2) The use of an ID tag system for measuring the
proximity of an athlete to specific transmitters. [0098] 3) The use
of accelerometers for measurement of changes in speed and
direction.
[0099] Turning to the reactive sub-unit (12b), it may interpret
communication signals received directly from the control unit (11)
or from the remote unit (12) in order to perform a function in
accordance with a specific protocol. This can range from producing
stimuli (18) for the athlete(s), to operating a wake/sleep mode for
power saving. The reactive sub-units may also contain a display
including an array of external light emitting diodes (LEDs) (16)
for providing visual information to the athlete, and an annunciator
such as a speaker (17) for providing auditory signals. The array of
LEDs may be of any number and colour configuration, and may also be
configured to produce alphanumeric signals or other symbols to add
information to the visual stimuli. For example, the LED panel may
flash the figure "1.23" in the colour red, to indicate that the
athlete is 1.23 seconds behind the desired pace for the event.
Other embodiments may include other light sources (such as Xenon
strobe lights), a video display, or a holographic projection from
the unit.
[0100] Concurrently with providing visual information or in the
alternative, the annunciator in the unit may produce an auditory
command saying, "speed up", and display the timing deficit on the
visual display panel. A speaker may be used to emit signals of
various tones and pulse frequency, though once may include options
for voice, music or other auditory signals. For example, a
high-pitched tone could be issued to signal the athlete to turn
left, however this could be replaced by a voice signal saying,
"left".
[0101] The control unit (11) is a computerised device that
coordinates the remote units, as well as providing various other
functions. The control unit may be a pocket mobile computer, a PDA,
a laptop, a desktop computer, a mobile telephone or the like. In a
further embodiment, the control unit includes typical computer
components, such as a processing unit, display screen, memory,
storage, input and output devices, communication ports, global
network connectivity. Suitably, the control unit is capable of
coordinating a wide range of wireless data signals and commands
without losses due to interference.
[0102] Some desired features of the control unit of the present
embodiment are as follows: [0103] The control unit receives signals
from the data capture sub-unit and sends commands to the reactive
units. In one embodiment, this transmission occurs via radio
frequency, however other transmission mediums could be used, such
as cables, infra-red, microwave, ultra-wideband, Bluetooth.TM.,
IEEE 802.11, or the like. [0104] The interaction between the
control, data capture and reactive units is essentially coordinated
in a field bus approach, utilising the intelligence of
microcontroller technology and in-system programming. [0105] The
control unit contains a series of transceivers for grouping remote
units into "lanes" for ease of data management, with a different
radio frequency for each lane. Division of data into "lanes" may
also be implemented by a single frequency system with serialised
data, collision prevention, acknowledgments and handshaking
technology, or some other multiplexing system or via a cyclic
polling protocol. [0106] In a preferred embodiment of the
invention, the remote units generate the ID and time-stamping
information. This data may also be generated by the control unit.
[0107] The control unit may be powered with rechargeable batteries
to assist in mobility. However, it is to be understood that other
energy sources such as traditional power supplies and solar power
may be utilised. [0108] The control unit may include a liquid
crystal or other type of display for displaying information, such
as results, or for programming purposes, such as by displaying
menus or the like to enable selection of protocols or the like.
[0109] The control unit may also include an operating system such
as any variant of Linux.TM., Microsoft CE.TM. or Microsoft
PocketPC.TM.. [0110] The control unit may be mobile or portable.
For example, the unit may be worn by the coach/trainer as they move
around the field. [0111] The control unit may include storage for
protocols, data capture or reactive information or additional
processing. [0112] The control unit may store data in a relational
database. For example, the control unit may store athlete data and
training/competition protocols, past performance and training
results and/or capture in progress data and reactive functions and
like to enable valuable performance calculations to assist the
athlete and/or coach in assessing their performance. [0113] The
control unit may provide storage of data and exchange of data and
protocols with the off-field network via a hardwired or wireless
communication link.
[0114] It is to be understood that the control unit may be
connected to one or more additional computerised devices to impart
additional functions to the control unit, such as providing
additional storage, to assist in exchange of data, power or
processing abilities of the control, or to provide an additional
programmable fields to the control unit. It should be understood
that the control unit may be connected to these one or more
additional computerised devices through a hardwired (such as RS232,
USB or the like) or wireless (such as GRPS, Bluetooth.TM., IEEE
802.11, IR or the like) communication link.
[0115] The sports training and testing system of the invention may
include one or more additional components as described below and
illustrated in FIG. 2. [0116] One or more remote touch pads (14a)
that consist of a contact pressure switch connected to a remote
unit. The touch pad can be used as follows: [0117] >To measure
reaction time during starts to identify the first movement of the
athlete in response to a stimulus; [0118] >To act as a trigger
switch during certain protocols. For example, a training drill for
basketball may require the athlete to run/shuffle to a series of
remote units arranged in a circle around the athlete. The athlete
must run to the particular data unit, then return to the touch pad
before the next data unit is activated. The athlete must complete
10 of these shuttles as quickly as possible. [0119] >To measure
flight time in jumping activities (this function is known in the
industry as a "jump mat") [0120] Remote starting gun (14b) for
replicating track sprint starts. The gun can be used as follows:
[0121] >In the present embodiment, the control unit or connected
computation device is equipped with a microphone that is used to
detect the sound of a traditional starting gun. [0122] >In an
alternative embodiment, a substitute gun is used that contains a
transmitter for relaying start event to the control unit or remote
units. [0123] >The gun could be replaced by an alternative
starting device if desired (e.g. a horn). [0124] >The starting
gun can also be replaced by using the reactive lights and/or the
audio outputs on one or more of the remote units to provide the
start signal. [0125] ID Tag System [0126] >Passive or active ID
tags may be worn by the athletes for Identity purposes, the active
ID cards may include smart card technology. [0127] >In some ID
tag embodiments, when the data capture sub-unit transmits timing
and other information (e.g. heart rate), the message includes the
ID of the athlete(s) in close proximity to the remote unit or the
control unit.
[0128] Whilst off-field technology is not a necessary component of
the sports training and testing system of the invention, it may be
used as part of the system in the preferred embodiment. In the
preferred embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, the
off-field network (30) may consist of a computer remote (31) from
the on-field environment. The off-field network may share a
bi-directional communication link (20) with the on-field
network.
[0129] A simple embodiment the communication link between the
on-field and off-field networks would be an off-line solution where
the communication between both networks occurs before and after
on-field sessions. In this case, the control unit or the associated
computerised devices (12) are brought back to the off-field network
(30) and connected to the off-field terminal (31). In one
embodiment, such a connection would be via a serial cable
connecting the two units. Another embodiment would be via a
connection to the parallel port or USB port of the off-field
terminal. If the control unit is a PDA then the connection to the
off-field terminal may be via the usual cradle connection between
PDAs and typical computers, or via one of the wireless
communication options available to these devices.
[0130] The off-field network (30) may include one or more of the
following components: [0131] 1) a workstation and associated
software (31); [0132] 2) a central database (32) storing previously
designed protocols and/or downloaded capture data and/or reactive
functions; or [0133] 3) a web server (33) providing a
communications link (20), such as an internet link to the on-field
equipment, and the central database.
[0134] The off-field software may include a number of modules as
described as follows:
PROTOCOL Editor
[0135] The protocol editor provides an easy to use software
interface in accordance with modern user interface standards for
designing new training and coaching protocols. The protocol editor
may provide an easy to use software interface for designing new
training and coaching protocols and also to enable the editing and
modification of existing protocols. Previously designed protocols
may be stored in the central database. By having all protocols
being able to be designed in this manner, all existing protocols
and a host of new protocols can be all created, edited,
implemented, managed and run on the apparatus of the invention by a
user such as a coach (40).
Configuration Downloader
[0136] The configuration downloader software module provides a
system of downloading the required protocol details via
communications link (20) to the control unit (11). The information
is provided in such a form that the implementation and on-field
management of the training protocol is automated from the control
unit.
Database Synchroniser
[0137] The database stored in the on-field control unit (11) or
associated computerised device is synchronised with relevant
portions of the data in the central database (32) of the off-field
network (30). After running protocol sessions, the on-field data
collected at the control unit may be uploaded to the off-field
network to synchronise to the central database.
Results Analyzer
[0138] The results analyser software module provides a user
interface to a large range of options for displaying, graphing and
analysing results from previous sessions stored in the central
database (32). The results analyser also enables the printing of
various charts of athlete performance. The control unit (11) may
have a wireless Internet link to the off-field network (30) via the
communications link (20). In this case, the communication link
between the control unit and the off-field network may be made in
real time, or directly before and after a protocol session without
the need to physically download information to the off-field
network.
[0139] In one embodiment, the control unit may use Internet TCP/IP
protocol to connect to a web server (33) and consequently through
the web server to the central database of the off-field network.
This embodiment could use standard software techniques such as
Microsoft web, SQL server synchronisation technologies, custom
techniques using XML and SOAP, third party database servers like
those supplied by Oracle.TM., Sybase.TM., Interbase.TM. or
others.
[0140] In one embodiment, the web server (33) and central database
(32) would be running on the same off-field network terminal (31).
In other embodiments, the web server would be a dedicated web
server and the central database another dedicated server.
Protocol Data
[0141] In the preferred embodiment, the protocol database may
include the following data structures, metrics and type information
providing a detailed characterization of each protocol.
[0142] The information stored in these data structures may relate
to the set up and positioning of the on-field equipment, to the
automatic management, data acquisition, and control of the reactive
devices, for each protocol session.
Physical Layout Information
[0143] The physical layout of the on field equipment involves the
location of the remote units and reactive devices, such as the
positions of the start and finish lines and the positioning of any
obstacles such as cones to be run around, jumps, tackle mats and so
forth.
[0144] The layout information should include metric information as
well as graphical displays in the form of digital bitmaps or
computer-generated images illustrating the layout.
[0145] Examples of the various types of layout that may be included
in this data structure are straight lane, tree structure, star
configuration, and grids. Furthermore the physical layout data
structure may allow for the creation of new custom designed layout
types.
[0146] An example of some of the fields which may be contained
within this data structure are as follow:
Number of Lanes
[0147] Depending on the number of on-field units and the nature of
the protocol, more than one lane or concurrent instance of the
protocol can be specified
Number of Athletes per Lane
[0148] Some protocols provide the possibility of having more than
one athlete in the lane at the same time. The athletes may be
running together (grouped) or starting at slightly different times
(staged). In the staged case, the time interval between stages is
an important parameter.
Protocol Route Data Structure
[0149] Given the physical layout of the on-field equipment for a
certain protocol, the next important data structure concerns the
route that each athlete takes over the physical layout. This
structure includes the sequence of events involving, for example,
[0150] the order of passing through gates [0151] the route details
around and through obstacles [0152] the number of repetitions
involved. [0153] the start and finish point.
[0154] This information can be used to generate the automatic data
acquisition algorithm for on-field operation.
[0155] The Protocol Editor should also provide a tabular means of
entering routing information for each user or system defined
protocol layout.
[0156] In the preferred embodiment, the protocol editor should also
provide a CAD/CAM style graphical tool for defining protocol layout
and routing information.
Athlete Identification Management
[0157] In order to acquire data on individual athlete's
performances for a given protocol, the identity of the athlete has
to be managed. The preferred embodiment should support the
following athlete identification strategies.
Manual
[0158] The athletes enter into the protocol according to a given
order as determined by the ordering in the database. The ordering
should be flexible, supporting order by previous performance such
as bets first or best last, alphabetical or by some other user
definable criteria. The order should also be capable of being
overridden manually and certain athletes being capable of being
marked as skipped or not present at the time.
[0159] Before the protocol starts, athletes line up in the various
lanes according to the predetermined order shown by the central
base unit device.
Automatic at Start
[0160] In the case where the hardware support stations with Radio
Frequency Identification (RFID) proximity type identification, the
athletes can enter the protocol in any order, as the proximity
detector will automatically identify them.
Automatic Continuous
[0161] This is similar to the above example incorporating RFID
except that the athlete's identity is continuously determined at
multiple points in the protocol layout and route.
Protocol Library
[0162] After a protocol has been created using the protocol editor,
the user names the protocol and stores it in a "protocol library"
area of the database.
[0163] New entries can be added to the protocol library by either
starting from scratch or by modifying an existing protocol and
storing it under a different name.
[0164] New protocols can also be generated using the protocol
editor by combining simple protocols to make compound protocols. In
Sports Science terms the simple protocol describes a "station"
while the compound protocol would describe a "circuit".
[0165] There are a number of applications for the sports training
and testing system of the invention as described in the following
examples.
EXAMPLE 1
Reactive Sprinting and Agility Training
[0166] The remote unit (12) may measure performance in locomotive
movement tasks, and in another embodiment wherein the athlete(s)
(50) carries or wears a sensor or an array of sensors may also
collect and relay such information as heart rate or other
physiological information, or other such as speed and position to
the control unit. The reactive sub-units (12b) work in conjunction
with the data capture sub-units (12a) to provide stimuli (18) and
direct athlete(s) (50) to perform certain movements. The data
capture sub-units such as the touch pads (14a) in turn monitor the
performance in these activities, and provide real-time feedback, or
further movement commands, based on these results. The reactive and
data capture sub-units may be collectively grouped into a remote
unit, or may be separated in some situations to provide stimuli in
locations remote from where feedback information is received.
[0167] An example of a protocol that may be utilised in the system
is illustrated in FIG. 3. The illustrated scenario is for a single
athlete (50) performing a reactive speed and agility training
protocol. The athlete (50) is required to sprint as quickly as
possible through the designated gates defined by a pair of remote
units (12) to complete the drill. The athlete is required to react
in one instance to a stimulus (18) generated outside their field of
view, thus relying on peripheral vision and auditory perception to
perform the movement change quickly. This particular protocol is
set to stimulate four random direction changes. The dotted line in
FIG. 3 shows the path that should be followed by the athlete in one
protocol.
[0168] In a situation where the athlete is performing several
repetitions of such a drill, a starting gate in the system may
provide pacing information for the athlete to return to the
beginning in time for the next repetition. FIG. 4 illustrates the
combined use of the reaction time touch pad (14a) and multiple
gates, which may be useful for training or testing for a basketball
reactive agility protocol. In this application, the athlete (50)
must stand on the touch pad (14a) to begin the drill. After a
random time period, a randomly selected remote unit (12) signals
the athlete with visual and/or auditory stimuli (18). The athlete
(50) must move as quickly as possible to the relevant unit, and
return to the centre touch pad. The time lag between signalling and
the athlete leaving the touch pad is used to assess reaction time.
The time taken to a) reach the gate, b) return to the touch pad,
and c) the combined time for both movements, are recorded by the
system. Once the athlete returns to the touch pad, the sequence is
repeated for n number of trials.
[0169] FIG. 5 illustrates how the system of the invention may be
used to perform simultaneous offensive and defensive reactive speed
and agility protocols involving offensive and defensive players. In
this example, the offensive player (50) is instructed to react to
the light stimuli (18) of the remote units (12) to signify or
represent an attacking path despite no ball being in play. The
defensive players (51) cannot see the light indicated to the
offensive player and must react to the offensive player's (50)
movements alone. The dotted line denotes the offensive player's
path. In this example, neither offensive (50) nor defensive players
(51) have prior knowledge of the direction of movement that will be
required. This form of training is not possible when using manual
methods, as either the offensive or defensive player rather than a
device produces the stimulus for the opposition.
EXAMPLE 2
Group Reactive Training--Tactical Coaching Applications
[0170] A common practice in sports involving tactical patterns of
play is to devise, learn and reproduce a range of tactical
combinations, or "moves" for use in the competitive environment. In
the background art this aspect of coaching revolves around manual
methods. Players will learn a variety of tactical moves devised by
themselves and the coach, and the player then chooses whether to
"run" these moves at various times in the competitive
situation.
[0171] The training and testing system of the present invention
adds a new dimension to this aspect of sports training. At present,
moves are rehearsed at training in a predictable manner. That is,
the coach will tell players which move to rehearse, and the players
will complete the sequence of actions. With the present invention,
the coach can now add a "reactive element" to the rehearsal of team
tactical maneuvers. Rather than running moves one at a time, the
coach can devise a tactical "matrix" whereby the players must
select from a group of moves as the play unfolds. That is, they
must choose a move in "real-time" that best suits the activities of
the opposition.
[0172] An example of this concept is shown in FIG. 6. In this
scenario, the coach has indicated to players that they must choose
a combination of actions that gets the ball to the desired point,
while each player must also fulfil certain tactical obligations.
Referring to FIG. 6, players (50) have to react to the visual cues
ad-libbed from various remote units and to channel the ball as
quickly as possible through the "clear" passages. The players chose
the offensive "move" most effective for this passage of play.
[0173] For example, the person (50') third from the top starts with
the ball, and must run as quickly as possible to the first
illuminated (18) remote unit (12). The other players (50) must then
align themselves to facilitate the fastest transfer of the ball to
the next illuminated remote unit as quickly as possible, as
indicated by the arrows, then a further remote unit may illuminate
and the play goes on. As such the players may not know which first,
last or in between remote units will be the next target which
[0174] This concept is not replicated in the background art. Rather
than simply rehearsing set moves and "enforcing" these tactical
sequences in the competitive environment, the coach can now train
players to be reactive to an artificial "opposition" and other
environmental stimuli. This system therefore achieves a far
superior simulation of the unpredictable sporting environment.
EXAMPLE 3
Pacing and Race Feedback
[0175] The sports training and testing system of the invention may
also be used to collate timing information and to provide immediate
feedback to the athlete(s) on the progress of their performance.
FIG. 7 illustrates the basic function of the system of the
invention for athlete timing and pacing. In this example, the
athlete (50) is performing a 400 m-sprint protocol, though the
distance may be modified depending of what is desired event to be
performed by the athlete. In this scenario, a starting gun (14b)
that is connected to the control unit may be used to initiate
timing at the start of the event. A reaction time touch pad (14a)
may detect the first movement of the athlete in response to the
gun, thus allowing assessment of the athlete's reaction time.
[0176] As the athlete runs around the track, timing information is
collected at N intervals depending on the number and spacing of the
remote units. It will be appreciated that the data unit(s) may be
flexibly configured at desired points around the track to provide
the best performance feedback information to either the athlete or
coach or both. The remote units then send the timing information
back to the control unit for storage in a database.
[0177] If the database of the control unit, other linked
computerised devices or the off-field network contains data on the
"personal best" performance of ever recorded by this particular
athlete, this information may be retrieved to give the athlete
instantaneous feedback as to their performance as they run around
the track.
[0178] In fact, the required pacing between various remote units
may be calculated and displayed to provide the athlete (50) with
feedback, as they proceed around the track. This enables the
athlete (50) to determine at an instant whether their pace is ahead
or behind of the time they are ultimately trying to run. For
example, when the athlete is running a time trial, remote units
spaced around the distance the athlete is running may provide
feedback at various stages whether the athlete is ahead or behind a
pace that enables then to complete the distance they are running
within a desired end performance.
[0179] For example, FIG. 7 depicts an athlete at the top of the
track who is being instructed by the system of the invention that
they are 1.3 seconds behind what would enable the personal best
performance.
[0180] While in this example the athlete is paced according to
their previous best performance, this pacing information may be
generated by various scenarios, such as: [0181] 1) automatically
"replaying" the previous trial for that athlete (default
behaviour); [0182] 2) basing the pacing on the performance of
another athlete--for example, data for the world record performance
could be entered or recorded into the database; [0183] 3) basing
the pacing on a theoretical or a manually derived performance, for
example the coach or athlete may design a custom race strategy and
practice this strategy using the system; or [0184] 4) basing the
pacing on a percentage or absolute improvement on a previous or
other performance either uniformly distributed over the event or
applied to selected areas of the event. For example, the coach may
want the athlete to run 2% faster over the entire event or the
coach may want the athlete to run 2% faster only during a
particular part of the race.
[0185] These functions are a major improvement on previously
designed pacing and/or timing systems. The combination of freely
configurable remote data stations providing accurate and
instantaneous delivery of information to and from the control unit
allows for any combination of pacing strategies and relational
database functions to be used, in either a training or a
competitive setting.
Multiple Athlete Concurrent Timing and Pacing
[0186] This application of the system of the invention is relevant
to both training and race situations, and may be easily interfaced
with a broadcasting system to provide race information to coaches
and spectators. FIG. 8 demonstrates the use of the system in a
cycling application. In this particular scenario, the cyclists (50
and 51) are competing in a race where they are temporally separated
by a length of the course (such as known in cycling as an
"individual pursuit"). In this scenario, the interval and lap times
of each cyclist as they pass each remote unit is calculated. The
system in turn may produce a visual and/or audio signal at any one
of the remote units to inform each of the cyclists of their
relative position in the race with respect to the other
cyclist.
[0187] For example and as illustrated in FIG. 8, a green signal
reading "ahead 1.43" tells the cyclist (51) at the bottom of the
track that they are currently leading the race by 1.43 seconds. The
other cyclist (50) at the top of picture, receives a red signal
indicating that they are "behind 1.43" seconds. Furthermore, a
third coloured light (not illustrated) may be displayed to each
rider to indicate his or her progress in relation to a goal
performance (e.g. the world record for that event), or to signal
that athletes with other information (e.g. "last lap").
EXAMPLE 4
Multi-Station Variable Pacing
[0188] The system of the invention may be utilised to pace multiple
athletes in different concurrent tasks. For example, the system can
be set up to run a number of various "stations", each requiring a
different task to be completed within a certain timeframe. Examples
of such protocols of course can be used to test the range of
fitness of athletes, but is also useful in workplace fitness tests
such as those used by fire fighters, the military or law
enforcement. These tests require the person to be tested to perform
a range of different tasks within set timeframes.
[0189] An example of such a multi-tasking test in a sporting
context is shown in FIG. 9. This specific example demonstrates the
Rugby Specific Circuit Test (RSCT), which was developed to imitate
the physiological demands of 15 minutes of rugby union match play.
The test contains a variety of stations (60 to 68) requiring
different tasks to be performed. Some of these tasks are to be
performed at maximal pace (such as sprints), while for other tasks
a goal pace is set for each athlete to complete the station. In the
example shown in FIG. 9, players are required to complete three
laps of this 8-station functional fitness test. The system of the
invention can pace athletes through the various segments of the
circuit, and provide real-time measurements and feedback on
performance.
[0190] With specific reference to this example, the system of the
Invention can perform several desired functions as follows: [0191]
1) It can record and database timing information for each athlete
as they perform the various tasks including running 30 m sprints
(60 and 67), serving (61), walking (62), running defensive arcs
(64), jogging (65), tackling (66) and returning to the start (68).
[0192] 2) It can signal the athlete when to begin each station
after a set rest period. [0193] 3) It can provide pacing
information to the athlete throughout the various stations. [0194]
4) It can provide feedback to the athlete as to whether or not they
are achieving the desired performance.
[0195] In a preferred embodiment, the system of the invention may
also perform the following functions: [0196] 1) It can collect and
relay data from other measurement objects. For example FIG. 8
depicts a series of stations. Station 4 (63) in this scenario is a
sports ergometer (GRUNT 3000), which measures speed and force data
during impact activities. In such an application, a remote unit
(not shown) can perform the additional function of collecting the
outputs from the ergometer, and relaying this to a control unit.
While this ergometer is only one example, similar information from
accelerometers, biosensors or accuracy/skill monitoring devices
could also be collected. [0197] 2) In the preferred embodiment
involving the use of an ID tag attached to each athlete, the system
of the invention could conduct multi-station protocols in a fully
automated fashion. In this embodiment the respective remote unit
would detect the ID of each athlete as they enter into each of the
task at the respective stations.
EXAMPLE 5
[0197] Grid Training/Testing Protocol
[0198] The system of the invention may be used to perform
configurable "grid protocols" for the purposes of fitness training
and/or assessment, team tactical drills and sport specific
simulation protocols.
[0199] FIG. 10 illustrates a grid protocol for 3 athletes
performing a fitness training/testing protocol. In this example,
the system utilises a tri-colour lighting scheme, player X (50) is
allocated the colour green (18a), player Y (51) the colour red
(18b), and player Z (52) the colour blue (18c).
[0200] Upon commencement of the protocol, each athlete (50,51,52)
is required to respond to the system commands by way of running to
the remote unit (12) displaying their allocated colour (18a, 18b,
18c). When the athlete reaches the destination station, the system
then activates another remote unit (12) in the athletes (50,51,52)
allocated colour (18a, 18b, 18c), to which the athlete must then
travel.
[0201] The goal for each athlete is to move as quickly as possible
to each designated station, and continue to do so until a
designated distance has been completed or allotted time elapsed. In
this example, the system performs the following functions: [0202]
1) Instructing the direction of movement for each athlete
(50,51,52) by selecting a remote unit (12) from which to display
each athlete's designated colour (18a, 18b, 18c); [0203] 2)
Measuring the time taken for the athlete (50,51,52) to travel to
that said remote unit (12) in response to the light's initiation;
[0204] 3) Selecting a subsequent remote unit (12) to which that
athlete must next travel (either randomly or strategically), upon
the athlete (50,51,52) arrival at the illuminated remote unit;
[0205] 4) Recording the movement times between each remote unit of
each athlete (50,51,52), logging these to report progress times,
average velocity and other temporal details as the protocol
progresses; and [0206] 5) Providing at the completion of the
protocol (i.e. a set distance or allotted time), a summary of the
performance of the athlete (50, 51, 52) as they progressed through
the protocol in measurements such as distance traveled, mean
velocities of particular segments, or such changes in
performance.
[0207] This protocol is an example of the how the system of the
invention can be used to automate protocols, which train and assess
the fitness of athletes in a manner, which is specific to field,
court or ice sports such as football, hockey, basketball or
netball. These tests are an excellent alternative to typical
laboratory based assessments of fitness that are largely non-sport
specific.
[0208] As previously discussed athlete, identification can be
performed through the use of transponders. The capture of timing
information and the like may also be provided through the
transponders, or it may be provided through such devices as photo
beams and reaction touch pads.
[0209] It is to be appreciated that the starting times of each
athlete may be varied to accommodate them within the single grid.
Furthermore each athlete may have a different starting point within
the grid further increasing skill development and decision making
as they need not only consider where next to proceed but they must
also consider the position of their fellow athletes.
[0210] FIG. 11 illustrates a more complicated version of the grid
protocol, in which team work, sport specific skills and equipment
are integrated. In this example the are three teams each assigned a
specific colour (18a, 18b, 18c) [0211] 1) Green Team--players
X1(50), X2(50') and X3(50'); [0212] 2) Blue Team--players Y1(51),
Y2(51') and Y3(51''); [0213] 3) Red Team--players Z1(52), Z2(52')
and Z3(52'').
[0214] In this particular example, each team has a ball and are
instructed to respond to the coloured lights (18a, 18b, 18c)
commands of the system (as discussed above. In order for each team
to complete the drill, one of the three players ([50, 50', 50''],
[51, 51', 51''], [52, 52', 52'']) must run to the designated remote
unit (12), while in possession of the ball. Upon reaching the
designated remote units, another remote unit (12) within the "grid"
is activated.
[0215] The protocol continues for a period of time, with the focus
being on transferring the ball as quickly as possible and running
through each designated station in possession of the ball. This
protocol thus trains many aspects of performance including fitness,
decision-making, strategy and skill.
[0216] In variations of this drill, multiple teams could perform
the drill concurrently, while also being opposed by a defensive
team.
[0217] A further aspect of the invention, which involves a further
embodiment of the grid protocol, is illustrated in FIG. 12. In this
embodiment the grid protocol is used as the basis of a mode of
physical activity for exercise or competitive sport, which the
applicant terms "Gridball".
[0218] Gridball is a physical activity whereby teams of athletes
may compete within a common space or area, termed the "grid". The
number of teams may vary and may range from 2 to n teams all
competing within the common area. The area also includes a
plurality of stations for the teams which may be selectively
activated in accordance with the grid protocol. The goal of
Gridball is to move a ball or other game object in response to
stimuli randomly presented by a given station as quickly and
efficiently as possible across the grid to the highlighted station.
The stations could consist of gates, targets, goals, or other
suitable means of scoring used in competitive sports.
[0219] In the case of FIG. 12 the space or "grid" is defined by the
use of 6 gates defined by a pair of remote units (12). The grid in
this example is 100 meters by 70 meters in area. However the number
of gates may from 2 to n and the grid may appropriately shaped and
dimensioned to fit the desired playing area, which may for example
be triangular, pentagonal, hexagon, octagonal, a combination of
these or other non-regular shapes.
[0220] In a simple example of Gridball, two teams could play each
other over a number of periods, as is common in competitive sports.
Offensive and defensive players may remain in their roles for the
entire game, or may perhaps exchange roles from period to period.
Alternatively the offensive and defensive teams of various colours
may change opposition from period to period. For example during:
[0221] Period 1--Green offence vs Blue defence, Green defence, vs
Red offence and Red defence vs. Blue offence; [0222] Period
2--Green defence vs Blue offence, Green offence vs Red defence and
Red offence vs Blue defence; and so forth.
[0223] In the particular arrangement shown in FIG. 12, there are 3
competing teams of athletes, teams X, Y and Z. The members of each
team are assigned roles a player may either be an offensive player
or a defensive player.
[0224] In this instance X1, X2, . . . , Xn ([50, 50', 50'']) are
the offensive players of team X while XD1, XD2 . . . XDn ([50.1,
50.1', 50.1'']) are the defensive players of team X. Similarly with
teams Y and Z players Y1, Y2, . . . , Yn ([51, 51', 51'']) and Z1,
Z2, . . . , Zn ([52, 52', 52'']) are assigned the role of offensive
players, while YD, YD2 . . . YDn ([51.1, 51.1', 51.1'']) and ZD,
ZD2 . . . ZDn ([52.1, 52.1', 52.1'']) are assigned the role of
defensive player.
[0225] Each team assigned a stimulus such as a colour, an audio
signal, or combination of both. The stimuli are then used to
identify a gate within the grid to which each offensive team must
react.
[0226] In this particular example each team is assigned a specific
colour (18a, 18b, 18c) to enable recognition by opposing teams:
[0227] 1) Team X has been assigned the colour Green [0228] 2) Team
Y has been assigned the colour Blue; and [0229] 3) Team Z has been
assigned the colour Red.
[0230] On commencement of the activity, each offensive team X1, X2,
. . . , Xn ([50, 50', 50'']), Y1, Y2, . . . , Yn ([51, 51', 51''])
and Z1, Z2, . . . , Zn ([52, 52', 52'']) must move the ball as
quickly as possible to the gate which displays their assigned
colour, while the respective defensive teams XD1, XD2 . . . XDn
([50.1, 50.1', 50.1'']), Y1, Y2, . . . , Yn ([51, 51', 51'']), and
ZD, ZD2 . . . ZDn ([52.1, 52.1', 52.1'']) attempt to hinder or
prohibit the offensive team from scoring by reaching the
highlighted gate.
[0231] Once the respective offensive teams reach the designated
gate, another gate within the grid is randomly activated in the
appropriate colour, and once again the ball or object must be moved
as quickly as possible to this new gate, and so on. The game may
run over a single period or a given number of periods (i.e. halves
or quarters etc). The length of the period may be a set time
period, or it could be dependent upon a set target level of
completions. The game either ends at the expiry of the set time
period(s) or when one team completes the set target level of
completions.
[0232] The rules governing defensive players could take on a
variety of forms, from full contact to non-contact rules such as in
netball. When a defensive player interferes with the transfer of
the ball, then the offensive team may be penalised by the defensive
team by for example holding onto the ball for a set time before
releasing, throwing the ball out of the grid for the offensive team
to retrieve or excluding an offensive player from the activity for
a set time period. Another alternative means of imposing a penalty
on the offensive team could be by the use of a "home base"
concept.
[0233] Home-base plates (70, 70' and 70'') for each of the red,
green and blue teams respectively, are place at discreet locations
within the grid. These plates are effectively contact sensors and
may be take the form of a reactive touch pad (14a) or a jump
mat.
[0234] In the event that the defensive team are successful in
intercepting a pass, or for instance if the offensive team drop the
ball, the offensive team must then move the ball back to a player
who then steps onto the home base. As soon as the player touches
the home base, their colour disappears from the grid for a set
"penalty time", after which the colour resumes and the activity
continues. If the player leaves home base prior to the resumption
of play, they are again penalised. Alternatively, if the defensive
team are successful in intercepting the ball, they may move the
ball to the home base and thereby become the offensive team.
[0235] As discussed briefly above Gridball requires the offensive
team to move the ball through the specified gate, thus in the
simplest form scoring system would entail awarding a certain number
of points for each gate successfully completed. Accordingly the
winner form the offensive sides would be the offensive team with
the most number of points and for the defensive side the defensive
team having the lowest number of point scored against them.
[0236] Scoring need not be solely a point based system but may also
take into consideration one or more of the following: [0237] a. The
distance covered by each team in a given time; [0238] b. The time
taken to cover a set distance; [0239] c. The time taken to complete
a number of gates; and/or [0240] d. The number of gates completed
within a given time. Thus it may be a more of a time trail based
system whereby the winner is judged upon their speed and efficiency
in transferring the ball or similar object to the highlighted
gate.
[0241] The Grid can be used in many ways with a great variety of
variations, tasks and rule variations incorporated. The Gridball
concept could be applied to schools for physical activity programs,
as a professional sport, or for use by military organisations as a
form of tactical training.
Automated PROTOCOL Management
[0242] The integration within the on-field and off-field networks
of the invention provides at least one method for the complete
automation of a wide range of fitness tests. Referring to FIG. 1,
an automated protocol management system that may be utilised in the
present system of the invention may contain one or more of the
following functions: [0243] 1) the designing/editing of protocols
off-field for use in the field, and downloading these to the
on-field control unit; [0244] 2) detailed mentoring of the user
through the process of setting up the equipment for executing a
protocol in the field; [0245] 3) signalling the beginning and end
of a protocol, and all required intermediate signals for the
athlete and coach; [0246] 4) collecting data and storing it in the
on-field or off-field database; [0247] 5) uploading data from the
on-field control unit to the off-field network, such as database
and analysis software to provide either online or offline
information to the athlete or the coach; [0248] 6) producing basic
reports (22) from the data in the on-field control unit and/or more
detailed analysis and reports (21) from the off-field database and
software; [0249] 7) Sharing of data between the on-field and
off-field networks, and other networks (e.g. web based data
sharing).
[0250] Other modifications to the invention may include: [0251] 8)
Replacing the current measurement device (photo beams) with TAG
tracking, GPS, ultrawideband impulse radio tracking, radar
tracking, sonar tracking, or "beams" created using laser or
microwave technology. [0252] 9) Modifying the method for on-field
networking using another wireless protocol such as Bluetooth.TM.,
IEEE 802.11 or WiFi.TM.. [0253] 10) Substituting the components for
providing visual and auditory cues to the athlete. These may
include using alternative light sources, video displays, LCD
displays, holographic projections or virtual reality displays.
[0254] The methods, apparatus and systems of the invention have
broad uses in a wide range of sports for use in training, testing,
and competitive environments. The system not only has applications
for using by the sporting community, but also for workplace and
other function performance situations that require methodical
monitoring and feedback on speed and ability of movement, such as
in rehabilitation after injury.
[0255] It will of course be realised that while the foregoing has
been given by way of illustrative example of this invention, all
such and other modifications and variations thereto as would be
apparent to persons skilled in the art are deemed to fall within
the broad scope and ambit of this invention as is herein set forth
in the accompanying claims.
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