U.S. patent application number 11/705262 was filed with the patent office on 2007-08-30 for natural deodorant compositions comprising renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol.
Invention is credited to Gyorgyi Fenyvesi, Svetlana Ratnikova, Ann Wehner, Tanya L. Workman.
Application Number | 20070202062 11/705262 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38372098 |
Filed Date | 2007-08-30 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070202062 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Workman; Tanya L. ; et
al. |
August 30, 2007 |
Natural deodorant compositions comprising renewably-based,
biodegradable 1,3-propanediol
Abstract
Disclosed herein are all natural or substantially natural
deodorant and antiperspirant compositions comprising
1,3-propanediol wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said all natural or
substantially natural deodorant or antiperspirant composition has a
bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is
preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and
wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived
1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emissions to
the atmosphere.
Inventors: |
Workman; Tanya L.;
(Masonville, CA) ; Ratnikova; Svetlana; (Toronto,
CA) ; Wehner; Ann; (Hockessin, DE) ; Fenyvesi;
Gyorgyi; (Wilmington, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
MCCARTER & ENGLISH, LLP;BASIL S. KRIKELIS
CITIZENS BANK CENTER, 919 N. MARKET STREET
SUITE 1800
WILMINGTON
DE
19801
US
|
Family ID: |
38372098 |
Appl. No.: |
11/705262 |
Filed: |
February 12, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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60772471 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772194 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772193 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772111 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772120 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772110 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60772112 |
Feb 10, 2006 |
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60846948 |
Sep 25, 2006 |
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60853920 |
Oct 24, 2006 |
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60859264 |
Nov 15, 2006 |
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60872705 |
Dec 4, 2006 |
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60880824 |
Jan 17, 2007 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/66 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A23L 29/04 20160801;
A61K 36/02 20130101; C08K 5/053 20130101; C09D 11/38 20130101; C10M
2207/283 20130101; A61K 9/0019 20130101; A61K 36/738 20130101; A61K
2800/10 20130101; A61Q 1/08 20130101; A23L 2/52 20130101; A61Q 1/02
20130101; C07C 69/28 20130101; A23L 29/035 20160801; C10M 2229/0425
20130101; C11D 1/667 20130101; C11D 3/2068 20130101; Y02W 10/37
20150501; A61Q 1/10 20130101; C07C 69/16 20130101; C08K 5/103
20130101; C11D 3/38663 20130101; C11D 11/0023 20130101; A61K 47/44
20130101; A61Q 11/00 20130101; C08K 2201/018 20130101; C10N 2030/64
20200501; C11D 3/2093 20130101; A21D 2/14 20130101; A23V 2002/00
20130101; A61Q 5/10 20130101; A61Q 9/02 20130101; A61Q 19/10
20130101; C10M 2215/042 20130101; C11D 7/266 20130101; C12P 7/42
20130101; C12P 7/62 20130101; A01N 3/00 20130101; A23B 7/154
20130101; A61Q 5/00 20130101; A61K 36/28 20130101; A61Q 17/04
20130101; A61Q 19/007 20130101; C10M 2209/086 20130101; C11D 3/2044
20130101; C10N 2040/08 20130101; A23L 33/10 20160801; A61K 47/14
20130101; A01N 25/02 20130101; A61Q 15/00 20130101; A61K 31/22
20130101; C10M 129/08 20130101; A61Q 19/008 20130101; C07C 69/58
20130101; B01D 11/0288 20130101; C09G 1/08 20130101; A23K 20/105
20160501; A61K 36/185 20130101; A61Q 5/02 20130101; A61K 9/282
20130101; A61K 2800/75 20130101; A61Q 5/065 20130101; C09D 7/63
20180101; C10M 2207/022 20130101; A61K 8/345 20130101; C09D 11/16
20130101; A61Q 1/14 20130101; A61Q 17/00 20130101; C07C 69/60
20130101; A23L 3/3463 20130101; A61Q 13/00 20130101; C07C 69/44
20130101; C07C 69/78 20130101; C11D 3/3418 20130101; C11D 7/5022
20130101; C11D 11/0017 20130101; A23L 29/10 20160801; C09K 3/18
20130101; A01N 1/021 20130101; C09K 5/20 20130101; C10M 2215/223
20130101; C12P 7/18 20130101; A61Q 5/12 20130101; A61Q 19/00
20130101; A61Q 19/005 20130101; A61K 47/10 20130101; A61Q 17/005
20130101; A61Q 19/04 20130101; C09K 3/185 20130101; C09K 5/10
20130101; A23L 33/12 20160801; A61K 36/61 20130101; C02F 5/10
20130101; C09D 11/03 20130101; C10M 2207/04 20130101; A61K 9/06
20130101; C11D 3/2003 20130101; A61K 8/0208 20130101; C11C 3/003
20130101; A61K 8/375 20130101; A61K 8/92 20130101; A61K 36/355
20130101; A61Q 9/04 20130101; A61Q 19/002 20130101; C07C 67/08
20130101; C08K 5/103 20130101; C08L 67/04 20130101; C07C 67/08
20130101; C07C 69/60 20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; C07C 69/58
20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; C07C 69/78 20130101; C07C 67/08
20130101; C07C 69/44 20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; C07C 69/16
20130101; C07C 67/08 20130101; C07C 69/28 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/066 |
International
Class: |
A61K 8/28 20060101
A61K008/28; A61K 8/31 20060101 A61K008/31 |
Claims
1. A deodorant or antiperspirant composition comprising
1,3-propanediol and a substantially natural ingredient, wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a bio-based carbon content of at least
1%.
2. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 further
comprising water.
3. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol has at least 5% biobased carbon.
4. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol has at least 10% biobased carbon.
5. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol has at least 25% biobased carbon.
6. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol has at least 50% biobased carbon.
7. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol has at least 75% biobased carbon.
8. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol has at least 90% biobased carbon.
9. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol has at least 99% biobased carbon.
10. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol has 100% biobased carbon.
11. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the 1,3-propanediol is biologically-derived.
12. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 12 wherein
the biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol is biologically produced
through a fermentation process.
13. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the substantially natural ingredient comprises 70% ingredients of
natural origin.
14. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the substantially natural ingredient comprises 80% ingredients of
natural origin.
15. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the substantially natural ingredient comprises 90% ingredients of
natural origin.
16. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the substantially natural ingredient comprises 95% ingredients of
natural origin.
17. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the substantially natural ingredient comprises 100% ingredients of
natural origin.
18. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 1 wherein
the substantially natural ingredient is derived primarily from a
plant, animal or mineral that is essentially free of petroleum
derived and petroleum modified/reacted substances.
19. A deodorant or antiperspirant composition comprising
1,3-propanediol wherein said 1,3-propanediol has an ultraviolet
absorption at 220 nm of less than about 0.200 and at 250 nm of less
than about 0.075 and at 275 nm of less than about 0.075.
20. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 19 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a "b" color value of less than about 0.15
and an absorbance at 275 nm of less than about 0.050.
21. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 19 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a peroxide concentration of less than
about 10 ppm.
22. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 19 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic
impurities in said composition of less than about 400 ppm.
23. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 19 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic
impurities of less than about 300 ppm.
24. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition of claim 19 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic
impurities of less than about 150 ppm.
25. A deodorant or antiperspirant composition comprising
1,3-propanediol wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of
total organic impurities of less than about 400 ppm.
26. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition claim 25 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic
impurities of less than about 300 ppm.
27. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition claim 25 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic
impurities of less than about 150 ppm.
28. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition claim 25 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of peroxides of less than
about 10 ppm.
29. The deodorant or antiperspirant composition claim 25 wherein
said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of carbonyl groups of less
than about 10 ppm.
30. A deodorant or antiperspirant composition comprising
1,3-propanediol, wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said composition
has an anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission profile of zero upon
biodegradation.
Description
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
[0001] The present application claims the benefit of U.S.
Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/772,471, filed Feb. 10, 2006;
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,194, filed Feb. 10, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,193, filed Feb. 10, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,111, filed Feb. 10, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,120, filed Feb. 10, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,110, filed Feb. 10, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/772,112, filed Feb. 10, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/846,948, filed Sep. 25, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/853,920, filed Oct. 24, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/859,264, filed Nov. 15, 2006,
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/872,705, filed Dec. 4, 2006 and
U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/880,824, filed Jan. 17, 2007,
the disclosures of which are expressly incorporated herein by
reference in their entireties.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0002] Disclosed herein are all natural or substantially natural
deodorant and antiperspirant compositions comprising
1,3-propanediol wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said all natural or
substantially natural deodorant or antiperspirant composition has a
bio-based carbon content of about 1% to 100%. In addition, it is
preferred that the 1,3-propanediol be biologically-derived, and
wherein upon biodegradation, the biologically-derived
1,3-propanediol contributes no anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emissions to
the atmosphere.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Perspiration produced in the apocrine sweat glands of the
armpits (axilla) contains proteins and fatty acids. While initially
odorless, this sweat becomes malodorous when bacteria on the skin
and hair metabolize the proteins and fatty acids. The problem of
odoriferous sweat breakdown products is generally addressed in two
ways by personal care products--antiperspirancy and deodorancy.
[0004] Antiperspirancy commonly is achieved by topically applying a
composition containing a metal salt, such as an astringent aluminum
or aluminum/zirconium salt. An influx of aluminum ions into
secretory coil cells of human sweat glands are accompanied by an
influx of water, causing the sweat gland cells to swell, squeezing
the sweat ducts closed, and stopping perspiration.
[0005] Deodorants function in several ways. Some mask the odor from
bacterial breakdown products; others react with the bacterial
and/or their byproducts that cause odor. Still others achieve
deodorancy by inhibiting bacterial growth.
[0006] Most deodorant products currently on the market contain
synthetic carbon based glycol. Indeed even an estimated 50% of
deodorant products claimed to be natural still contain synthetic
non-bio based glycol and may often contain synthetic antibacterial
agents to help kill the bacteria that cause odor. Vegetable
glycerin based deodorant formulations are on the rise and now
represent approximately 50% of the "natural" deodorant stick
category. It is a known fact, however, that vegetable glycerin
formulas present several key challenges including stability and
stickiness. In order to stabilize glycerin formulas, often at least
one, and more often several, man-made, synthetic chemical
ingredient are used. Stickiness is a key detergent for consumers,
and one of the main reasons this type of product hasn't penetrated
the marketplace.
[0007] Consumers of deodorants and antiperspirants consider many
factors in selecting products for use. Recently certain factors
have been a focus of and have driven scientific study and product
development. These driving factors include, product safety,
environmental impact, the extent to which the components are
natural, and the aesthetic quality of the overall product.
Therefore, manufacturers have to be concerned with the
environmental impact of their products. In fact, the effort towards
environmental impact awareness is a universal concern, recognized
by government agencies. The Kyoto Protocol amendment to the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) currently
signed by 156 nations is one example of a global effort to favor
safer environmental manufacturing over cost and efficiency. When
applied to deodorants and antiperspirants, consumers are
increasingly selective about the origins of the products they
purchase. The 2004 Co-operative Bank's annual Ethical Consumerism
Report (www.co-operativebank.co.uk) disclosed a 30.3% increase in
consumer spending on ethical retail products (a general
classification for environmental safe, organic and fair trade
goods) between 2003 and 2004 while total consumer spending during
the same period rose only 3.7%.
[0008] Glycols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
1,3-butylene glycol, and 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol are biodegradable
compounds useful in compositions ranging from cosmetics and
personal care formulations to detergents to heat transfer
compositions. While biodegradability is an important factor in
protecting the environment, biodegradation of glycols derived from
fossil-based sources has the unavoidable consequence of releasing
previously fixed CO2 into the atmosphere. Thus, while glycols in
general are advantageous for their biodegradability, the resulting
global warming potential of fossil-based glycols during
biodegradation is significant.
[0009] Carbon dioxide is singled out as the largest component of
the collection of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The level of
atmospheric carbon dioxide has increased 50% in the last two
hundred years. Recent reports indicate that the current level of
atmospheric carbon dioxide is higher than the peak level in the
late Pleistocene, the epoch before modern humans (Siegenthaler, U.
et al. Stable Carbon Cycle-Climate Relationship During the Late
Pleistocene, Science, Vol. 310, no. 5752 (Nov. 25, 2005), pp.
1313-1317). Therefore, any further addition of carbon dioxide to
the atmosphere is thought to further shift the effect of greenhouse
gases from stabilization of global temperatures to that of heating.
Consumers and environmental protection groups alike have identified
industrial release of carbon into the atmosphere as the source of
carbon causing the greenhouse effect.
[0010] Greenhouse gas emission can occur at any point during the
lifetime of a product. Consumers and environmental groups consider
the full lifespan of a product when evaluating a product's
environmental impact. Consumers look for products that do not
contribute new carbon to the atmosphere considering the
environmental impact of production, use and degradation. Only
organic products composed of carbon molecules from plant sugars and
starches and ultimately atmospheric carbon are considered to not
further contribute to the greenhouse effect.
[0011] In addition to adding carbon dioxide to the atmosphere,
current methods of industrial production of glycols produce
contaminants and waste products that include among them sulfuric
acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, oxalic
acid tartaric acid, acetic acids, Alkali metals, alkaline earth
metals, transitional metals and heavy metals, including Iron,
cobalt, nickel, copper, silver, molybdenum, tungsten, vanadium,
chromium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, rubidium, and
platinum (U.S. Pat. Nos. 2,434,110, 5,034,134, 5,334,778, and
5,10,036).
[0012] Also of concern to consumers, especially consumers of
deodorant and antiperspirant products, is an individual's reaction
to such a product. The rate of development of hypersensitivity has
markedly increased in the US in the last two decades. Many of these
reactions are attributed to trace amount of substances. Other
reactions are of idiopathic origin. Consumers seek products that
are composed of ingredients of a more purified source and/or of all
natural composition.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The present invention is directed to a deodorant or
antiperspirant composition comprising 1,3-propanediol and a
substantially natural ingredient, wherein said 1,3-propanediol has
a bio-based carbon content of at least 1%.
[0014] The present invention is further directed to a deodorant or
antiperspirant composition comprising 1,3-propanediol and, a
substantially natural ingredient wherein the substantially natural
ingredient comprises at least 70% ingredients of natural
origin.
[0015] The present invention is also directed to a deodorant or
antiperspirant composition comprising 1,3-propanediol wherein said
1,3-propanediol has an ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less
than about 0.200 and at 250 nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275
nm of less than about 0.075.
[0016] The present invention is additionally directed to a
deodorant or antiperspirant composition comprising 1,3-propanediol
wherein said 1,3-propanediol has a concentration of total organic
impurities of less than about 400 ppm.
[0017] The present invention is even further directed to a
deodorant or antiperspirant composition comprising 1,3-propanediol,
wherein the 1,3-propanediol in said composition has an
anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission profile of zero upon
biodegradation.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] FIG. 1 is a graph showing CO.sub.2 emissions for CO.sub.2
fixation from the atmosphere during photosynthesis for renewably
based 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO.TM.) (-1.7 kg CO.sub.2/kg product)
and CO.sub.2 release to the atmosphere during biodegradation (kg
CO.sub.2/kg product) for ethylene glycol (EG) (+1.4 kg CO.sub.2/kg
product), propylene glycol (PG) (+1.7 kg CO.sub.2/kg product),
fossil-based 1,3-propanediol (Chem-PDO) (+1.7 kg CO.sub.2/kg
product), and fermentatively-derived 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO.TM.)
(+1.7 kg CO.sub.2/kg product).
[0019] FIG. 2 is a graph showing that the net emissions of CO.sub.2
to the atmosphere for renewably based 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO) is
zero (0).
[0020] FIG. 3 is a table that shows the calculations for the data
shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0021] Applicants specifically incorporate the entire content of
all cited references in this disclosure. Further, when an amount,
concentration, or other value or parameter is given as either a
range, preferred range, or a list of upper preferable values and
lower preferable values, this is to be understood as specifically
disclosing all ranges formed from any pair of any upper range limit
or preferred value and any lower range limit or preferred value,
regardless of whether ranges are separately disclosed. Where a
range of numerical values is recited herein, unless otherwise
stated, the range is intended to include the endpoints thereof, and
all integers and fractions within the range. It is not intended
that the scope of the invention be limited to the specific values
recited when defining a range.
[0022] Applicants' invention relates to all natural and/or
substantially natural deodorant and antiperspirant compositions or
systems comprising at least one glycol component, which has at
least 1% bio-based carbon content. The preferred glycol in the
invention is 1,3 propanediol. It is further preferred that the
deodorant compositions be all natural or substantially natural. The
term "all natural" means that the compositions of the invention are
free of ethoxylates and/or other petrochemically reacted or derived
substances.
[0023] The term "substantially natural" means that the compositions
of the invention are substantially free of ethoxylates and/or other
petrochemical derivatives. It is preferred that substantially
natural compositions are made up of about 70% to 100% ingredients
of natural origin, and any percentage there between.
[0024] For the purposes of the present application, "of natural
origin" means that the material is a portion of a plant, a fungus,
a mineral or animal, or an extract or specific isolate thereof. The
vehicle used to obtain the extract or isolate may be selected from
any suitable material known to persons of skill in the art.
Preferably, the extraction vehicle is not a petroleum product. The
natural deodorant system of the claimed invention is primarily free
of, preferably substantially free of, more preferably essentially
free of, and most preferably completely free of ethoxylates or
other petrochemical derivatives. A preferred embodiment of the
present invention consists of 1, 3 propanediol in combination with
one or more naturally derived stabilizers including either
hydrocolloids, and/or natural emulsifiers such as for example
monoglycerides, polyglycerol, sugar or sorbitan esters.
[0025] While it is a general practice in the art to distinguish
between deodorant compositions and antiperspirant compositions, in
order to simplify this application, it is intended for purposes of
this invention, that the terms "deodorant" and "antiperspirant",
while used separately at times, will be considered synonymous and
may be used interchangeably throughout the application to describe
the compositions of the invention.
[0026] Compositions disclosed herein comprise 1,3-propanediol,
having at least 1% bio-based carbon content, as greater as up to
100% of the glycol component of the composition. In one embodiment,
the 1,3-propanediol comprises substantially all of the glycol
component of the composition of the invention. In another
embodiment, the 1,3-propanediol comprises all of the glycol
component of the composition.
1,3-Propanediol
[0027] The terms "bioPDO", "biologically-derived, biodegradable
1,3-propanediol", "biologically derived 1,3-propanediol",
"renewably-based 1,3-propanediol", "renewably-based, biodegradable
1,3-propanediol," "biosourced, and "biologically-produced
1,3-propanediol" and similar terms as used here in refer to
1,3-propanediol derived from microorganism metabolism of
plant-derived sugars composed of carbon of atmospheric origin, and
not composed of fossil-fuel carbon.
CO.sub.2 Emission Profile
[0028] Applicants' invention relates to all natural or
substantially natural deodorant and antiperspirant compositions
comprising renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol, in which
said renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol has an
anthropogenic CO.sub.2 emission profile of zero (0). An
"anthropogenic emission profile" means anthropogenic CO2 emissions
that are contributed to the atmosphere upon biodegradation of a
compound or composition.
[0029] "Biodegradable" or "Biodegradability" means the capacity of
a compound to be broken down by living organisms to simple, stable
compounds such as carbon dioxide and water.
[0030] Whereas photosynthesis is the process of creating growing
matter through the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO.sub.2) and
water (H.sub.2O) into plant material through the action of the sun,
biodegradation is the process of converting organic material back
into CO.sub.2 and H.sub.2O through the activity of living
organisms.
[0031] There are many published test methods for measuring the
biodegradability of organic chemicals such as glycols. One
internationally recognized method is ASTM E1720-01, Standard Test
Method for Determining Ready, Ultimate Biodegradability of Organic
Chemicals in a Sealed Vessel CO.sub.2 Production Test.
[0032] Chemicals that demonstrate 60% biodegradation or better in
this test method will biodegrade in most aerobic environments and
are classified as ready biodegradable. All of the glycols referred
to in this document meet this criteria.
[0033] Calculations setting forth the finding that the
1,3-propanediol of the present invention provides no anthropogenic
COs emissions upon biodegradation is set forth below. A table in
support of these calculations is provided in FIG. 3.
[0034] When one molecule of 1,3-propanediol degrades, three
molecules of CO.sub.2 are released into the atmosphere. Because all
of these molecules of CO.sub.2 released during degradation from
"fermentatively-derived" 1,3-propanediol have an atmospheric
origin, the net release of CO.sub.2 to the atmosphere is thus zero.
Comparatively, because a fossil fuel-derived propylene glycol and
fossil-derived 1,3-propanediol contains three carbon atoms which
originate from a fixed carbon source (i.e., the fossil fuel),
degradation of one molecule of fossil fuel-derived propylene glycol
or 1,3-propanediol results in a net release of three molecules of
CO.sub.2 into the atmosphere. Similarly, because fossil
fuel-derived ethylene glycol contains two carbon atoms, which
originate from a fixed carbon source, degradation of one molecule
of fossil fuel-derived ethylene glycol results in a net release of
two molecules of CO.sub.2 into the atmosphere.
[0035] In order to quantify the CO.sub.2 released for one kilogram
of each ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, chemical 1,3-propanediol
and "fermentatively-derived" 1,3 propanediol (Bio-PDO.TM.), the
product weight (1 kg) is divided by its molecular weight. For each
carbon atom present in the molecule, one molecule of CO.sub.2 is
released. The molecules of CO.sub.2 are multiplied by the molecular
weight of CO.sub.2 (44 kg/kmole) to quantify the impact of CO.sub.2
release (kg) per one unit (kg) of product.
Fossil-Fuel Based Carbon Feedstock Release 1 kg of fossil fuel
derived ethylene glycol*(1 kmol EG/62.068 kg)*(2 kmol CO.sub.2/1
kmol EG)*(44 kg CO.sub.2/kmol CO.sub.2)=1.4 kg CO.sub.2 1 kg of
fossil fuel derived propylene glycol*(1 kmol PG/76.094 kg)*(3 kmol
CO.sub.2/1 kmol PG)*(44 kg CO.sub.2/kmol CO.sub.2)=1.7 kg CO.sub.2
1 kg of fossil fuel derived 1,3-propanediol*(1 kmol chem-PDO/76.094
kg)*(3 kmol CO.sub.2/1 kmol chem-PDO)*(44 kg CO.sub.2/kmol
CO.sub.2)=1.7 kg CO.sub.2 Bio-Based Carbon Feedstock Balance
[0036] Capture: 1 kg of Bio-PDO.TM.*(1 kmol Bio-PDO.TM./76.094
kg)*(-3 kmol CO.sub.2/1 kmol Bio-PDO.TM.)*(44 kg CO.sub.2/kmol
CO.sub.2)=-1.7 kg CO.sub.2
[0037] Release: 1 kg of Bio-PDO.TM.*(1 kmol Bio-PDO.TM./76.094
kg)*(3 kmol CO.sub.2/1 kmol Bio-PDO.TM.)*(44 kg CO.sub.2/kmol
CO.sub.2)=1.7 kg CO.sub.2
[0038] Net: -1.7 kg+1.7 kg=0 kg
[0039] This Bio-based Carbon Feedstock Balance result demonstrates
that there are no anthropogenic CO2 emissions from the
biodegradation of the renewably sourced Bio-PDO. The term
"anthropogenic" means man-made or fossil-derived.
Bio-Based Carbon
[0040] "Carbon of atmospheric origin" as used herein refers to
carbon atoms from carbon dioxide molecules that have recently, in
the last few decades, been free in the earth's atmosphere. Such
carbons in mass are identifiable by the present of particular
radioisotopes as described herein. "Green carbon", "atmospheric
carbon", "environmentally friendly carbon", "life-cycle carbon",
"non-fossil fuel based carbon", "non-petroleum based carbon",
"carbon of atmospheric origin", and "biobased carbon" are used
synonymously herein.
[0041] "Carbon of fossil origin" as used herein refers to carbon of
petrochemical origin. Such carbon has not been exposed to UV rays
as atmospheric carbon has, therefore masses of carbon of fossil
origin has few radioisotopes in their population. Carbon of fossil
origin is identifiable by means described herein. "Fossil fuel
carbon", "fossil carbon", "polluting carbon", "petrochemical
carbon", "petro-carbon" and carbon of fossil origin are used
synonymously herein.
[0042] The abbreviation "IRMS" refers to measurements of CO2 by
high precision stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry.
[0043] The term "carbon substrate" means any carbon source capable
of being metabolized by a microorganism wherein the substrate
contains at least one carbon atom.
[0044] "Renewably-based" denotes that the carbon content of the
1,3-propanediol is from a "new carbon" source as measured by ASTM
test method D 6866-05 Determining the Biobased Content of Natural
Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass
Spectrometry Analysis, incorporated herein by reference. This test
method measures the C-14/C-12 isotope ratio in a sample and
compares it to the C-14/C-12 isotope ratio in a standard 100%
biobased material to give percent biobased content of the sample.
"Biobased materials" are organic materials in which the carbon
comes from recently (on a human time scale) fixated CO.sub.2
present in the atmosphere using sunlight energy (photosynthesis).
On land, this CO.sub.2 is captured or fixated by plant life (e.g.,
agricultural crops or forestry materials). In the oceans, the
CO.sub.2 is captured or fixated by photosynthesizing bacteria or
phytoplankton. A biobased material has a C-14/C-12 isotope ratio in
range of from 1:0 to greater than 0:1. Contrarily, a fossil-based
material, has a C-14/C-12 isotope ratio of 0:1.
[0045] A small amount of the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is
radioactive. This 14C carbon dioxide is created when nitrogen is
struck by an ultra-violet light produced neutron, causing the
nitrogen to lose a proton and form carbon of molecular weight 14
which is immediately oxidized in carbon dioxide. This radioactive
isotope represents a small but measurable fraction of atmospheric
carbon. Atmospheric carbon dioxide is cycled by green plants to
make organic molecules during the process known as photosynthesis.
The cycle is completed when the green plants or other forms of life
metabolize the organic molecules producing carbon dioxide which is
released back to the atmosphere. Virtually all forms of life on
Earth depend on this green plant production of organic molecule to
produce the chemical energy that facilitates growth and
reproduction. Therefore, the 14C that exists in the atmosphere
becomes part of all life forms, and their biological products.
These renewably based organic molecules that biodegrade to CO2 do
not contribute to global warming as there is no net increase of
carbon emitted to the atmosphere. In contrast, fossil fuel based
carbon does not have the signature radiocarbon ratio of atmospheric
carbon dioxide.
[0046] Atmospheric origin and fixed carbon source as used herein
are relative terms in that the time period of when CO2 is of
atmospheric or fixed origin relates to the life cycle of the
1,3-propanediol. Thus, while it is quite possible that, at one
time, carbon from a fossil fuel was found in the atmosphere (and,
as a corollary, that atmospheric CO2 may one day be incorporated
into a fixed carbon source), for purposes herein carbon is
considered to be from a fixed carbon source until it is released
into the atmosphere by degradation.
[0047] Assessment of the renewably based carbon in a material can
be performed through standard test methods. Using radiocarbon and
isotope ratio mass spectrometry analysis, the biobased content of
materials can be determined. ASTM International, formally known as
the American Society for Testing and Materials, has established a
standard method for assessing the biobased content of materials.
The ASTM method is designated ASTM-D6866.
[0048] The application of ASTM-D6866 to derive a "biobased content"
is built on the same concepts as radiocarbon dating, but without
use of the age equations. The analysis is performed by deriving a
ratio of the amount of radiocarbon (14C) in an unknown sample to
that of a modem reference standard. The ratio is reported as a
percentage with the units "pMC" (percent modern carbon). If the
material being analyzed is a mixture of present day radiocarbon and
fossil carbon (containing no radiocarbon), then the pMC value
obtained correlates directly to the amount of Biomass material
present in the sample.
[0049] The modern reference standard used in radiocarbon dating is
a NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) standard
with a known radiocarbon content equivalent approximately to the
year AD 1950. AD 1950 was chosen since it represented a time prior
to thermo-nuclear weapons testing which introduced large amounts of
excess radiocarbon into the atmosphere with each explosion (termed
"bomb carbon"). The AD 1950 reference represents 100 pMC.
[0050] "Bomb carbon" in the atmosphere reached almost twice normal
levels in 1963 at the peak of testing and prior to the treaty
halting the testing. Its distribution within the atmosphere has
been approximated since its appearance, showing values that are
greater than 100 pMC for plants and animals living since AD 1950.
It's gradually decreased over time with today's value being near
107.5 pMC. This means that a fresh biomass material such as corn
could give a radiocarbon signature near 107.5 pMC.
[0051] Combining fossil carbon with present day carbon into a
material will result in a dilution of the present day pMC content.
By presuming 107.5 pMC represents present day biomass materials and
0 pMC represents petroleum derivatives, the measured pMC value for
that material will reflect the proportions of the two component
types. A material derived 100% from present day soybeans would give
a radiocarbon signature near 107.5 pMC. If that material was
diluted with 50% petroleum derivatives, it would give a radiocarbon
signature near 54 pMC.
[0052] A biomass content result is derived by assigning 100% equal
to 107.5 pMC and 0% equal to 0 pMC. In this regard, a sample
measuring 99 pMC will give an equivalent biobased content result of
93%.
[0053] A sample of "fermentatively-derived" 1,3-propanediol was
submitted by DuPont to Iowa State University for biobased content
analysis using ASTM method D 6866-05. The results received from
Iowa State University demonstrated that the above sample was 100%
bio-based content (ref: Norton, Glenn. Results of Radiocarbon
Analyses on samples from DuPont Bio-Based Materials--reported Jul.
8, 2005).
[0054] Assessment of the materials described herein were done in
accordance with ASTM-D6866. The mean values quoted in this report
encompasses an absolute range of 6% (plus and minus 3% on either
side of the biobased content value) to account for variations in
end-component radiocarbon signatures. It is presumed that all
materials are present day or fossil in origin and that the desired
result is the amount of biobased component "present" in the
material, not the amount of biobased material "used" in the
manufacturing process.
[0055] Results of Radiocarbon Analyses on Samples from DuPont
Bio-Based
[0056] Materials
[0057] Reported Jul. 8, 2005 TABLE-US-00001 PRODUCT BIOBASED
CONTENT (%) 1,3-Propanediol 100
[0058] There-may be certain instances wherein an all natural or
substantially natural deodorant and antiperspirant composition of
the invention may comprise a combination of a biologically-derived
1,3-propanediol and one or more non biologically-derived glycol
components, such as, for example, chemically synthesized
1,3-propanediol. In such occasions, it may be difficult, if not
impossible to determine which percentage of the glycol composition
is biologically-derived, other than by calculating the bio-based
carbon content of the glycol component. In this regard, in the all
natural or substantially natural deodorant and antiperspirant
compositions of the invention, the glycol component, and in
particular, the 1,3-propanediol, can comprise at least about 1%
bio-based carbon content up to 100% bio-based carbon content, and
any percentage therebetween.
Purity
[0059] "Substantially purified," as used by applicants to describe
the biologically-produced 1,3-propanediol produced by the process
of the invention, denotes a composition comprising 1,3-propanediol
having at least one of the following characteristics: 1) an
ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less than about 0.200 and at
250 nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275 nm of less than about
0.075; or 2) a composition having L*a*b* "b*" color value of less
than about 0.15 and an absorbance at 270 nm of less than about
0.075; or 3) a peroxide composition of less than about 10 ppm; or
4) a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about
400 ppm.
[0060] A "b*" value is the spectrophotometrically determined
"Yellow Blue measurement as defined by the CIE L*a*b* measurement
ASTM D6290.
[0061] The abbreviation "AMS" refers to accelerator mass
spectrometry.
[0062] By the acronym "NMR" is meant nuclear magnetic
resonance.
[0063] By the terms "color" and "color bodies" is meant the
existence of visible color that can be quantified using a
spectrocolorimeter in the range of visible light, using wavelengths
of approximately 400-800 nm, and by comparison with pure water.
Reaction conditions can have an important effect on the nature of
color production. Examples of relevant conditions include the
temperatures used, the catalyst and amount of catalyst. While not
wishing to be bound by theory, we believe color precursors include
trace amounts of impurities comprising olefinic bonds, acetals and
other carbonyl compounds, peroxides, etc. At least some of these
impurities may be detected by such methods as UV spectroscopy, or
peroxide titration.
[0064] "Color index" refers to an analytic measure of the
electromagnetic radiation-absorbing properties of a substance or
compound.
[0065] Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol useful in all natural
or substantially natural deodorant and antiperspirant compositions
disclosed herein has at least one of the following characteristics:
1) an ultraviolet absorption at 220 nm of less than about 0.200 and
at 250 nm of less than about 0.075 and at 275 nm of less than about
0.075; or 2) a composition having L*a*b* "b*" color value of less
than about 0.15 and an absorbance at 270 nm of less than about
0.075; or 3) a peroxide composition of less than about 10 ppm; or
4) a concentration of total organic impurities of less than about
400 ppm. A "b*" value is the spectrophotometrically determined
Yellow Blue measurement as defined by the CIE L*a*b* measurement
ASTM D6290.
[0066] The level of 1,3-propanediol purity can be characterized in
a number of different ways. For example, measuring the remaining
levels of contaminating organic impurities is one useful measure.
Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a purity level of
less than about 400 ppm total organic contaminants; preferably less
than about 300 ppm; and most preferably less than about 150 ppm.
The term ppm total organic purity refers to parts per million
levels of carbon-containing compounds (other than 1,3-propanediol)
as measured by gas chromatography.
[0067] Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can also be
characterized using a number of other parameters, such as
ultraviolet light absorbance at varying wavelengths. The
wavelengths 220 nm, 240 nm and 270 nm have been found to be useful
in determining purity levels of the composition.
Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a purity level
wherein the UV absorption at 220 nm is less than about 0.200 and at
240 nm is less than about 0.075 and at 270 nm is less than about
0.075.
[0068] Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a b* color
value (CIE L*a*b*) of less than about 0.15.
[0069] The purity of biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol
compositions can also be assessed in a meaningful way by measuring
levels of peroxide. Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can have a
concentration of peroxide of less than about 10 ppm.
[0070] It is believed that the aforementioned purity level
parameters for biologically-derived and purified 1,3-propanediol
(using methods similar or comparable to those disclosed in U.S.
Patent Application No. 2005/0069997) distinguishes such
compositions from 1,3-propanediol compositions prepared from
chemically purified 1,3-propanediol derived from petroleum sources,
as per the prior art.
Fermentation
[0071] "Biologically produced" means organic compounds produced by
one or more species or strains of living organisms, including
particularly strains of bacteria, yeast, fungus and other microbes.
"Bio-produced" and biologically produced are used synonymously
herein. Such organic compounds are composed of carbon from
atmospheric carbon dioxide converted to sugars and starches by
green plants.
[0072] "Biologically-based" means that the organic compound is
synthesized from biologically produced organic components. It is
further contemplated that the synthesis process disclosed herein is
capable of effectively synthesizing other monoesters and diesters
from bio-produced alcohols other than 1,3-propanediol; particularly
including ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol,
1,2-propylene glycol, dipropylene diol, tripropylene diol, 2-methyl
1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol and bisphenol A. "Bio-based", and
"bio-sourced"; "biologically derived"; and "bio-derived" are used
synonymously herein.
[0073] "Fermentation" as used refers to the process of metabolizing
simple sugars into other organic compounds. As used herein
fermentation specifically refers to the metabolism of plant derived
sugars, such sugar are composed of carbon of atmospheric
origin.
[0074] Biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol can be obtained based
upon use of the fermentation broth ("fermentatively-derived")
generated by a genetically-engineered Escherichia coli (E. coli)
previously disclosed in, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,686,276.
However, other single organisms, or combinations of organisms, may
be used to biologically produce 1,3-propanediol, using organisms
that have been genetically-engineered according to methods known in
the art. "Fermentation" refers to a system that catalyzes a
reaction between substrate(s) and other nutrients to product(s)
through use of a biocatalyst. The biocatalysts can be a whole
organism, an isolated enzyme, or any combination or component
thereof that is enzymatically active. Fermentation systems useful
for producing and purifying biologically-derived 1,3-propanediol
are disclosed in, for example, Published U.S. Patent Application
No. 2005/0069997 incorporated herein by reference.
[0075] The biologically derived 1,3-propanediol (Bio-PDO) for use
in the current invention, produced by the process described herein,
contains carbon from the atmosphere incorporated by plants, which
compose the feedstock for the production of Bio-PDO.TM.. In this
way, the Bio-PDO.TM. used in the compositions of the invention
contains only renewable carbon, and not fossil fuel based, or
petroleum based carbon. Therefore the compositions of the invention
have less impact on the environment as the propanediol used in the
compositions does not deplete diminishing fossil fuels and, upon
degradation releases carbon back to the atmosphere for use by
plants once again. Thus, the present invention can be characterized
as more natural and having less environmental impact than similar
compositions comprising petroleum based glycols.
[0076] Moreover, as the purity of the Bio-PDO utilized in the
compositions of the invention is higher than chemically synthesized
1,3-propanediol and other glycols, risk of introducing impurities
that may cause irritation is reduced by its use over commonly used
glycols, such as propylene glycol.
[0077] This 1,3-propanediol of the invention can be isolated from
the fermentation broth and is incorporated into all natural or
substantially natural deodorant and antiperspirant compositions of
the invention, by processes as are known to those of ordinary skill
in the applicable art.
Renewably-Based, Biodegradable 1,3-propanediol-Containing
Compositions
[0078] As mentioned above, renewably-based, biodegradable
1,3-propanediol can be incorporated into all natural and
substantially natural deodorant formulations as a glycol component.
For example, renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3-propanediol can be
part of or the sole glycol component of such all natural deodorant
and antiperspirant compositions.
[0079] It is contemplated herein that other renewably-based or
biologically-derived glycols, such as ethylene glycol, diethylene
glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,2 propylene glycol, dipropylene
glycol, tripropylene glycol, neopentyl glycol and bisphenol A,
among others, can be used in the deodorant compositions of the
present invention.
[0080] Deodorant compositions of the invention can contain up to
about 99.9% by weight of the glycol component of the invention
based on the weight of the total composition.
[0081] The invention is a directed to natural system for topical
and systemic delivery of one or more natural active ingredients.
For purposes of the present invention a "natural" ingredient shall
mean an ingredient derived primarily from plant, animal or mineral
that is essentially free of petroleum derived and petroleum
modified/reacted substances.
[0082] In general, such natural ingredients include extracts,
modified derivates or isolates derived from any portion of a plant,
including, without limitation, flowers, leaves, stems, berries,
rinds, fruits, pulps, resins, seeds, barks, roots, tubers,
rhizomes, etc. of plants, or mineral or animal, that preferably
provide deodorant activity and that are further primarily free of
synthetic preservative ingredients such as triclosan, quaternary
ammonium compounds, and ethoxylates. For purposes of the present
invention "deodorant activity" as used in connection with a
preservative ingredient shall mean capable of killing or hindering
the growth of microorganisms that generate malodor or the use of
enzymatic technology that alters the process so as to eliminate
malodor.
[0083] In for purposes of the present invention, the term
"primarily free of" in connection with a synthetic deodorant
ingredient shall mean that the ingredient is used at concentration
that does not provide any significant amount of bacteriostatic
activity (i.e., inhibition of microbial growth). Bacteriostatic
action is considered "significant" if an 80% or greater reduction
in the growth of an inoculum of a relevant micro-organism is
observed, relative to a control medium, without an anti-microbial
agent, over a period of 16 to 24 hours at 37.degree. C. For
deodorant products, since the substrate to be treated is human
skin, a relevant micro-organism is Staphylococcus epidermidis.
Methods for determining whether a synthetic ingredient has a
significant amount of bacteriostatic activity are described by
Balows et al., "Manual of Clinical Microbiology" (5th Edition,
American Society for Microbiology, Washington D.C., 1991) and in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,793,914, Col. 9, lines 1-15, the disclosure of
which is hereby incorporated by reference.
[0084] For example, where triclosan is intended to provide a
significant preservative or bacteriostatic activity in deodorant
products (those not of the present invention), it is typically used
at a concentrations of at least about 0.3% by weight. Accordingly,
a person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that a
deodorant composition primarily free of triclosan would contain
triclosan in concentrations of less than 0.3%. Methyl paraben is
representative of a phenolic compound commonly used in personal
care products to provide preservative or bacteriostatic activity.
To produce a significant amount of antimicrobial activity, methyl
paraben is typically used at concentrations of at least about 0.1%
by weight. A person of ordinary skill in the art would understand
that a deodorant composition primarily free of methyl paraben would
contain such compound at concentrations of less than 0.1%. A person
of ordinary skill in the art would understand a deodorant
composition primarily free of other phenolic compounds in a similar
manner, i.e., providing no more deodorant activity than 0.1% of
methyl paraben. Primarily free of synthetically derived quaternary
ammonium compounds and ethoxylates would be understood in a manner
similar to those illustrated above for triclosan and methyl
paraben.
[0085] In a first general embodiment, the natural topical delivery
system of the invention preferably comprises renewably-based,
biodegradable 1,3 propanediol, and a natural emulsifier (preferably
of plant origin), and if desired or necessary, water and/or one or
more natural deodorant ingredients, including natural actives and
structurants, in a system that is completely or substantially free
of ethoxylates or other petrochemically derived or reacted
substances. In an alternative general embodiment, the natural
topical delivery system of the invention preferably comprises
renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol, and a natural
active, and if desired, water and/or one or more natural deodorant
ingredients, including natural emulsifiers and structurants, in a
system that is completely or substantially free of ethoxylates or
other petrochemically derived or reacted substances. In a third
alternative general embodiment, the natural topical delivery system
of the invention preferably comprises renewably-based,
biodegradable 1,3 propanediol, water and a fragrance, and if
desired or needed, water and/or one or more natural deodorant
ingredients, including natural actives and emulsifiers, in a system
that is completely or substantially free of ethoxylates or other
petrochemically derived or reacted substances. In a fourth
alternate general embodiment the natural topical delivery system of
the invention preferably comprises renewably-based, biodegradable
1,3 propanediol, water and a fragrance, and if desired or needed,
water and/or one or more natural deodorant ingredients, including
natural actives and emulsifiers, in a system that is completely or
substantially free of ethoxylates or other petrochemically derived
or reacted substances.
[0086] The delivery system can take the form of any effective
method for applying a deodorant, such as a spray, roll-on, flowable
gel, cream, lotion, or solid stick. Varying viscosities can be
achieved by combining the renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3
propanediol, water, colloids and/or natural emulsifiers in
appropriate weight/weight ratios, such as, for example: spray or
roll-on--renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol from about
3% to about 80%, water from about 2% to about 90%, natural
stabilizer from about 0.05% to about 5%; flowable
gel--renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol from about 2%
to about 70%, water from about 25% to about 98%, natural stabilizer
from about 0.1% to about 5%; cream--renewably-based, biodegradable
1,3 propanediol from about 1% to about 55%, water from about 3% to
about 90%, natural stabilizer from about 0.1% to about 6%;
lotion--renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol from about
1% to about 55%, water from about 3% to about 90%, natural
stabilizer from about 0.1% to about 6%; solid
stick--renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol from about
15% to about 60%, water from about 40% to about 80%, natural
stabilizer from about 0.06% to about 8%. The solid stick, cream and
lotion embodiments may optionally contain renewably-based,
biodegradable 1,3 propanediol and a natural structurant such as,
for example, sodium stearate, respectively at the following
weight/weight concentrations: solid stick--from about 2% to about
7%; cream--from about 0.5% to about 4%; lotion--from about 0.01% to
about 2%.
[0087] The natural delivery system may be used for the topical or
transdermal delivery of natural active ingredients which are
well-known to cosmetic and pharmaceutical chemists, and which are
listed in further detail the paragraphs below. Compositions and
methods for transdermal delivery are well-known in the
dermatologic, cosmetic and pharmaceutical arts and are described in
U.S. Pat. No. 6,267,984, the disclosure of which is incorporated
herein by reference. Some general categorical examples of such
active ingredients include, but are not limited to, antioxidants,
anti-wrinkle agents, vitamins, sunscreen actives, moisturizers,
penetration enhancers and immuno-supportive ingredients, as well as
natural cosmetic ingredients, such as pigments, colorants and
fragrances of plant origin as well as colorants and pigments
derived from inorganic minerals. Penetration enhancers are
ingredients that enhance the ability of the cell membrane to both
absorb and retain pharmacologically active agents. Sunscreen
actives are organic or inorganic agents that absorb or reflect
light waves over a specified spectrum, thus preventing potentially
harmful erythemal ultraviolet radiation from reaching and damaging
the skin. Please refer to detailed lists below for additional
examples of natural active ingredients of the invention.
[0088] For purposes of the present invention, an immuno-supportive
ingredient shall mean an ingredient that leads to one or more of
the following physiological responses by immune cells (e.g.,
monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils and natural killer cells) to
foreign bodies: increased production of white blood cells;
mobilization of immune cells to the site of foreign invasion;
enhanced phagocytosis or killing of foreign bodies; increased
intracellular communication among immune cells with respect to
foreign invasion; enhanced acquired immune response (i.e., by
antibodies and T-cells). A preferred immuno-supportive ingredient
suitable for delivery in the present invention to the glandular and
lymphatic systems via percutaneous absorption through the underarm
skin are 1,3 .beta. glucans. A particularly preferred 1,3 .beta.
glucan has 1,3/1,6 glucose linkages, and is sold under the
tradename WGP-6 by Biothera (Eagan, Minn.).
Stick Deodorant
[0089] In a stick deodorant embodiment of the present invention, a
surprisingly low level of 1,3 propanediol (about 40%), can be used
in combination with from about 0.1% to about 3% of at least one
natural stabilizer, in combination with at least one natural
structurant at levels of from about 3% to about 8%. In a preferred
stick embodiment, glyceryl caprylate is used as the stabilizer at
levels preferably of from about 0.4% to about 3%, renewably-based,
biodegradable 1,3 propanediol is preferably present from about 35%
to about 55% percent, sodium stearate is the preferred emulsifier
preferably present from about 4% to about 7%, and water is present
from about 35% to about 55% percent. Optionally, the stick
embodiment may contain a multitude of other natural ingredients,
including plant extracts and isolates.
Cream Deodorant
[0090] In a cream deodorant embodiment of the present invention,
having a viscosity of from about 100 to about 5000 mPas, a
surprisingly low level of carrageenan or other plant based gum, of
from about 0.4% to about 1%, and/or a vegetable based emulsifier,
of from about 1% to about 6% was found to stabilize
renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol and water in
combined concentrations of from about 88% to about 98%. Preferably
in cream embodiments of the present invention, a monoglyceride or
polyglycerol or modified ester is present at about 1%,
renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol is present from
about 15% to about 30% percent, and water is present from about 63%
to about 78% percent. Optionally, the cream embodiment may contain
one or more additional natural ingredients, including plant
extracts and isolates and vegetable or animal oils such as castor
or emu.
Lotion Deodorant
[0091] In a lotion deodorant embodiment of the present invention,
having a viscosity of from about 1 to about 2000 mPas, a
surprisingly low level of carrageenan or other plant based gum of
from about 0.2% to about 0.3% in combination with a plant based
emulsifier of vegetal origin, of from about 1% to about 6% was
found to stabilize renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol,
vegetable or animal derived oils and water in combined
concentrations of from about 88% to about 98%. Preferably in cream
embodiments of the present invention, a monoglyceride or
polyglycerol or modified ester is present at about 2%,
renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol is present from
about 15% to about 30% percent, oil is present at about 25 to 35%,
and water is present from about 43% to about 53% percent.
Optionally, the lotion embodiment may contain one or more
additional natural ingredients, including plant extracts and
isolates.
Flowable Gel Deodorant
[0092] In a flowable gel deodorant embodiment of the present
invention, having a viscosity of from about 600 to about 30000
mPas, contains a natural stabilizer at concentrations and/or in
combination with other colloids, of from about 0.1% to about 1%, is
sometimes combined with, but may exclude a natural. Sodium
stearate, when used, is preferably used at levels of from about
0.1% to about 3.5%. Preferably in these flowable gel embodiments,
carrageenan or another plant colloid is present at levels of from
about 0.7% to about 1%, renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3
propanediol is present from about 30% to about 70% percent, and
sodium stearate, if used, is present from about 0.5% to about 3%,
and water is present from about 50% to about 55% percent.
Optionally, the flowable gel embodiment may contain one or more
additional natural ingredients, including plant extracts and
isolates.
Spray or Roll-On Deodorant
[0093] In a spray, including aerosol sprays, or roll-on deodorant
embodiment of the present invention, having a viscosity of from
about 1 to about 15 mPas, carrageenan, konjac root or other colloid
can be used at concentrations of from about 0.1% to about 1%, can
be combined with soapnut or vetetable based emulsifier at levels of
from about 0.05% to about 2%. Preferably in these flowable spray
embodiments, carrageenan is present at levels of from about 0.2% to
about 0.4%, renewably-based, biodegradable 1,3 propanediol is
present from about 10% to about 60% percent, soapnut or vegetable
based emulsifier is present from about 0.08% to about 1%, and water
is present from about 65% to about 75% percent. Optionally, the
spray or roll-on embodiments may contain one or more additional
natural ingredients, including plant extracts and isolates.
Natural Ingredients
[0094] Preferred natural deodorant ingredients suitable for use in
the present invention include plant derived, mineral derived or
animal derived ingredients, enzymes and antioxidants including
specific active fractions of plants and their extractives that show
antimicrobial activity, as well as specialty enzymes that interact
with bacteria metabolically to eliminate odorous bi-products.
Active plant fractions and isolates include for example limonoid
and bioflavonoids derived from the peel, seeds, pulp and skin of
citrus fruit, lichens (Usnea) or usnic acid. Another preferred
natural deodorant ingredient is C12-13 ALKYL LACTATE, a mixture of
lactic acid estes isomers available from Sasol.
[0095] Natural emulsifiers are also ideal in the present invention
to stabilize fragrance and oils in the present invention. Preferred
natural emulsifiers include non-ionic polymeric-based surfactants
such as inulin lauryl carbamate, glycerin fatty acid esters, citric
acid esters, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, sorbitan esters of
fatty acids, soapnut and other natural saponins, modified starches,
lecithin, soy lecithin replacements and modified lecithin and
hydrocolloids.
[0096] Lambda, kappa and iota carrageenans--processed,
respectively, from Chondrus crispus, Eucheuma cottonii and Eucheuma
spinosum--are particularly suitable for use in the present
invention. Each is available from FMC Corporation (Philadelphia,
Pa.). Carrageenans are used as stabilizers and/or thickeners in gel
formulations. Lambda carrageenan is used as a stabilizer and/or
thickener in non-gelling systems. In a particularly preferred
embodiment of gelling systems, lambda, iota, and kappa carrageenans
are used, respectively, at concentrations of about 0.3%, about 0.3%
and about 0.2%.
[0097] Optionally, the present invention may contain one or more of
the following additional ingredients: (i) essential oils and or
isolates; (ii) immuno-supportive ingredients, such as a beta
glucan, (iii) sodium stearate, potassium stearate, calcium
stearate, soapnut (Sapindus trifoliatus), enzymes, antioxidants,
larch extract (Larch arabinogalactan) and/or rice bran extract;
(iv) one or more thickeners or gums or vegetable based emulsifiers
selected from the group consisting of tara, konjac, guar, xanthan,
arabic, tragacanth, agar, locust bean gum, ghatti and
microcrystalline celluloses. Sodium stearate, soapnut, and plant
based emulsifiers emulsifiers control hardness and texture; (v)
mineral salts including, but not limited to, salts of potassium and
calcium; (vi) esters derived or produced from a
biologically-derived glycol component, such as Bio-PDO.
[0098] Essential oils and/or specific isolated fractions from the
group consisting of florals, herbs, fruits, trees, shrubs, fungi,
corals and grasses may optionally be added to the present
invention. Preferred essential oils suitable for use in the present
invention include, but are not limited to, rosewood, lavender,
litsea cubeba, tea tree, lemon, lime, orange, petitgrain, geranium,
lemongrass, palmarosa, mandarin, coriander, rose, yarrow, cypress,
cedar, citronella, bergamot, pine, myrtle. Fragrance, preferably
natural, and/or a hydrosol (i.e., the steam distillate of a
botanical) may also optionally be added. Preferred hydrosols
include cypress, orange blossom, lemongrass, petitgrain and rose.
Essential oils alone or in combination with one or more fragrances
and/or hydrosols may be present in concentrations of from about
0.05% to about 95%.
[0099] Finally, those having skill in the art are familiar with
formulating deodorant compositions that meet certain needs or
desires, and in the spirit of using all natural or substantially
natural ingredients in such formulations, the following list, while
not intended to be exhaustive, provides a detailed sampling of
natural ingredients that can be incorporated, at appropriate
concentrations, into a deodorant composition of the present
invention for their known properties including anti-irritating,
antibacterial, antifungal, immune-supportive.
Actives
[0100] The present invention may contain one or more of the
following actives: alpha bisabolol; benzoic acid; rosemarinic acid,
caffeic acid; carnosic acid; ferrulic acid; gallic acid: perillic
acid; candida bombicola & glucose methyl rapesseedate ferment;
butyloctanoic acid; C12-13 alkyl lactate; chitosan &
derivatives including chitosan glycolate, chitin, among others;
essential oils and Isolates such as eugenol, melaleucol,
hinokitiol, eucalyptol, linalool, limonene, geraniol, citral,
benzyl benzoate, citronellol, sodium citronellate, Citronellyl
Methylcrotonate, coumarin, eugenol, and benzyl salicylate among
others; ethylhexylglycerine; alum, farnesol, including farnesyl
acetate; glucose oxidase & lactoperoxidase; glyceryl mono
laurate including lauric acid, esters of lauric acid, among others;
levulinic acid; glyceryl oleate pyroglutamate; nano metals and
minerals including silver, gold, copper etc; nisin; parfum,
phenoxyethanol; polyglyceryl-3 caprylate; potassium sorbate;
protein complexed minerals such as zinc, copper, etc.;
Saccharomyces ferment; Isostearic acid, Sodium Usnate; Tea Tree
(melaleuca) and its derivatives; zinc, and its derivatives or
isolates including but not limited to zinc ricinoleate, zinc oxide,
zinc citrate, zinc borate, zinc gluconate. This list is not
intended to be exhaustive, and those having skill in the art are
familiar with extracts and other isolates from the listed
compounds, as well as other actives that may be applicable in the
present invention, including fragrances well known in the art.
Structurants
[0101] Structurants are intended to include those ingredients which
give form or shape to final products. The present invention may
contain one or more of the following structurants: surfactants such
as sodium stearate, glyceryl laurate and beeswax, stabilizers such
as colloids, butters such as cocoa butter, shea butter, mango
butter, hydrogenated vegetable oils. This list is not intended to
be exhaustive, and those having skill in the art are familiar with
extracts and other isolates from the listed compounds that may be
applicable in the present invention.
Anti-Irritants
[0102] The present invention may contain one or more of the
following anti-irritants: Alpha Bisabolol; Beta Glucan; Capsaicin
Fruit; Cucurbita, obtained from, for example, pumpkin; Pyrus
Cydonia (quince); and Vitamin E and its derivatives. This list is
not intended to be exhaustive, and those having skill in the art
are familiar with extracts and other isolates from the listed
compounds, as well as other anti-irritants that may be applicable
in the present invention.
Anti-Oxidants
[0103] The present invention may contain one or more of the
following anti-oxidants:CoQ10; Ferulic Acid; Galactaric Acid;
Sodium Gluconate; phytic acid, sodium phytate; Resveratrol; Sea
Buckthorn; Ursolic acid; and Vitamins a, b, c, d and e and
derivatives thereof. This list is not intended to be exhaustive,
and those having skill in the art are familiar with extracts and
other isolates from the listed compounds, as well as other
antioxidants that may be applicable in the present invention.
Extracts
[0104] The present invention may contain one or more of the
following extracts: and/or their derivatives or isolated compounds
thereof: Aesculus; Agaric Acid; Agrimonia; Aloe Vera; Anemarrhena;
Angelica; Anise (Pimpinella anisum), including Anisic acid;
Anogeissus; Apple; aerobic oxygen; grain alcohol; Angelica;
Apricot; Arnica; Arrowroot (Maranta); Aronia, Asafetida;
Ashwaghanda; Astragallus; Azelaic acid; Bamboo, including tabasheer
powder and liquid extracts thereof; Bilberry; Bioflavanoids; Birch,
including Betulin and betulinic acid among others; Black Currant;
Black Walnut; Blueberry; Boswellia serrata; Burdock; Butterbur;
Calendula; Canadian Fleabane (erigeron Canadense); Cascara; Cats
Camellia Sinensis, Claw (Uncaria tomentosa); Cedrus; Chamaecyparis;
Chameleon (Houttuynia cordata); Chamomile; Chaparral (Larrea
Tridentata); Chestnut; Chitosan & derivatives thereof such as,
for example, chitosan glycolate and chitin; Chlorella (Chlorella
pyrenoidosa); Chlorophyll and its derivatives such as, for example,
sodium copper chlorophyllin; Cinchona; Cinnamon and derivatives;
Citronella and Derivatives such as, for example, Citronellic acid
and sodium salts, and Citronellyl methylcrotonate; Citrus Extracts
such as grapefruit, lemon and orange including seeds, pulp and
skin; Clary Sage; Clintonia Borealis; Coffee Extract and its
derivatives; Coptis chinensis; Coriander and Cilantro; Cotton Seed
Milk; Cranberry; Crataeva Nurvula; Curcumin (curcuma longa) and
tetrahydrocurcuminoids; Cypress; Daisy Extracts including Centipeda
Cunninghamii among others; Dandelion; Dubosia Leaf; Euterpe
Oleracea, Echinacea; Elderberry; Esculin; Essential Oil and
Isolates, including Eugenol, Melaleucol, hinokitiol, eucalyptol,
linalool, limonene, geraniol, citral, benzyl benzoate, citronellol,
coumarin, eugenol, and benzyl salicylate among others; Essential
Oils; Essential Waters/Floral Waters such as chamomile, cypress,
lavender, rose, lemongrass, petitgrain etc.; Eucalpytus and
derivatives; falcarindiol, including Dendropanax arboreus; Fennel;
Fomitopsis; Fraxinus Cortex; Galangal, such as Kaempferia galaga
ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate; Gallic Acid; Gallnut extract; Garcinia
subelliptica; Gardenia; Garlic; Germanium; Ginger; Ginseng;
Goldenrod; Goldenseal; Grapeseed; Green Tea; Gynostemma
Pentaphyllum; Helichrysum, including Caespitate and caespitin;
Hichory; Honeysuckle; Horse Chestnut, including Escin, Esculin, and
proanthocyanadin; Helichrysum; Himanthalia elongate, Horsetail;
Inulin; Ivy; Juniperus; Kiwi; Konjac; Laminaria; Larch; Lavender;
Lentinula Edodes, Lemon and derivatives thereof; Lichen, including
usnea, usnic acid, sodium usnate, glycolic extractives, and
isolates; Licorice; Licorice Root; Ligusticum; Ligustrum; Lime;
Linum usitatissimum, Linen extract; Lo Han Guo (Siraitia
grosvenorii); Logan Berries; Lomatium californicum; Luo Han
(siraitia grosvenorii); Lycium Barbarum, Magnolia, including
Magnalol and honokiol; Mallow; Manuka; Meadowfoam; Melissa
officinalis such as carnosic acid; Mentha (mint); Mimosa; Morinda;
Morus (Mulberry); Mushrooms; Myrtle; Naringenin; Neem, including
Limonoids; Nepeta Cataria (catnip); Nettle (urtica); Oak (Quercus);
Oat; Ocimum; Olive Extract, including Oleanolic acid and
oleuropein; Ongael" Phaleria cumingii; Oregano and derivatives;
Paeonia suffruticosa; Papaya; Parsley; Passiflora; Pearl; Pectin,
such as from sea grass zostera; Peony (Peonia); Perilla; persimmon,
Perilla frutescens and derivatives, including, Perillic Acid;
Phyllanthus; Pimaracin; Pine; Piper nigrum, including piperine;
Platycodon; Propolis; Quillaja; Raspberry; Rhodiola Rosea; Rhus;
Rice Bran; Rooibos (aspalathus linearis); Rosewater; Rosmarinus
(rosemary); Rowanberry (Sorbus aucuparia); Schizophyllan, Salvia
(sage); Sandalwood; Sapindus (Soapnut); Sassafras; Saw Palmetto;
Schizandra; Seaweed; Sea buckthorn fruit extract; slippery elm
bark; Sodium Citronellate; sophora flavescens, ellagic acid,
osmoporus odoratus, Stevia; Strawberry; Tannins including tannic
acid; Tea Tree (melaleuca) and derivatives; Tamarindus Indica,
Terminalia arjuna, including arjunolic acid and gallic acid;
Terminalia chebula; Tetrahydrocurcuminoids; Thuja; Thujopsis;
Thyme; Tricholoma; Urva Ursi; Arbutin; Vaccinium, Vanilla,
including Vanillic acid; Viola; Wallnut; Wasabi, including Wasabia
Japonica Root Ferment Extract; White Willow Bark Powder including
Salisilic acid; wild yam; Willow Bark; Witchhazel; Wormwood
(artemisia); Yucca Glauca; Ziziphus mauritiana (Chinese apple); and
zostera marina among others. This list is not intended to be
exhaustive, and those having skill in the art are familiar with
other isolates related to the listed compounds, as well as other
extracts that may be applicable to the present invention.
Stabilizers
[0105] The present invention may contain one or more of the
following stabilizers: Alginates; Cellulose and modified
derivatives; Glyceryl Caprate; Glyceryl caprilate; Glyceryl Mono
Laurate; Glyceryl Mono Stearate; Glyceryl Oleate; Glyceryl Stearate
Citrate, Gums/Hydrocholoids such as Sclerotium, rhizobian, guar,
tara, arabic, carrageenan, agarose, ghatti, locust bean gum,
thizobian gum, and karaya; Inulin Lauryl Carbamate; Lecithin; NONYL
NONOXYNOL-150 Clarit GNP 150; Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids;
Polyglyceryl-10 laurate; Inulin Lauryl carbamate; Polyglyceryl-2
caprate; Polyglyceryl-2 laurate; Polyglyceryl-3 laurate;
Polyglyceryl-3 palmitate; Polyglyceryl-3 polyricinoleate;
Polyglyceryl-3 stearate; Polyglyceryl-5 laurate; Polyglyceryl-6
caprylate (G6CY); Seaweed, Irish moss, carrageenan; Sodium Lauroyl
lactylate; and Sodium stearoyl lactylate among others.
Esters
[0106] Esters can function as many of the above noted ingredients.
Esters formed using natural organic acids are preferred in the
invention. While those in those having skill in the art can readily
determine which esters are most appropriate to provide a
particularly desired function, applications specifically note that
esters used in this invention may include the esters produced,
including all the appropriate conjugate mono and diesters, from
biologically-derived 1,3 propanediol using organic carboxylic
acids. Some esters in particular that are produced include
propanediol distearate and monostearate, propandiol dilaurate and
monolaurate, propanediol dioleate and monooleate, propanediol
divalerate and monovalerate, propanediol dicaprylate and
monocaprylate, propanediol dimyristate and monomyristate,
propanediol dipalmitate and monopalmitate, propanediol dibehenate
and monobehenate, propanediol adipate, propanediol maleate,
propanediol dioxalate, propanediol dibenzoate, propanediol
diacetate, and all mixtures thereof.
Miscellaneous
[0107] Specialty Waters, such as Plasma activated, magnetic and
frequency specific may be used in the invention. Oils, such as
Castor Oil; Coconut Oil; Jojoba Oil; Meadowfoam; Neem Oil;
Seabuckthorn, and Shea Butter among others, are acceptable for use
in the present invention. Some examples of pH adjusters acceptable
for use in the present invention include citric Acid, acetic acid
and ethyl lactate, among others. For improving texture, the
following compounds can be incorporated into compositions of the
present invention: Clays and minerals; Cotton; Dextrin; Menthyl
lactate; Minerals; Salt; Silicones; Silk; Sorbitol; Starches,
including natural or modified corn, rice, wheat, and arrowroot;
Xylitol; and Zeolite, among others.
[0108] Other ingredients that may add benefit to the compositions
of the invention include: Aleuritic Acid; Amino Acids; Climbazole;
Copper, including Copper red algae; Dimethyl Phenyl 2-butanol;
Dimethyl Phenylpropanol; Encapsulated oil based actives in
cyclodextrin such as citronellyl methylcrotonate; dihydroxyacetone;
Methylcinnamate, carvone; pimaracin; formic acid; sodium natural
salt based preservatives such as sodium, potassium calcium, etc;
natural salts such as sodium propionate, calcium propionate,
potassium propionate; methoxycinnamate; Hexanediol; Himalayan Salt,
Sea Salt, Mineral salts; Agaricin (argaric acid, agaricic acid,
agaricinic acid, laricic acid, alpha-hexadecylcitric acid,
d-cetylcitric acid, n-hexadecylcitric acid,
2-hydroxy-1,2,3-nonadecanetricarboxylic acid), Agaricum
officinalis, Agaricum officinale, Fomes officinalis, Fomes Iaricis,
Fomes albogriseus, Laricifomes officinalis, Leptoporus officinalis,
Boletus agaricum, Boletus laricis, Boletus larcinus, Boletus
officinalis, Boletus purgans; Fragrance; Octanediol; Organic Acids
such as Citric, Acetic. Benzoic, lactic, palmitic, caprylic,
capric, lauric, myristic, citric, coral algae, succinic, malic,
tartaric, benzoic and propionic acids; Pentylene glycol; Phenolic
Compounds; Polylactic Acid such as that obtained from corn;
polylisene; selenium, crushed precious stones such as amethyst,
citrine, pearl, tourmaline, Sodium chondroitin sulfate; Sodium
Hyaluronate; and sodium magnesium silicate.
Preparation
[0109] The natural deodorant and natural delivery systems of the
present invention are prepared according to principles and
techniques generally known to those skilled in the cosmetic and
pharmaceutical arts. The selected colloid or emulsifier is premixed
in 1,3 propanediol. Water is then added and heated slowly to
80.degree. C. Water phase ingredients (i.e., ingredients that are
soluble or miscible in water), including the natural deodorant
ingredient and/or other active ingredient are then added. Depending
on the desired delivery form (e.g., stick), sodium stearate is then
added and mixed until fully dissolved. Thereafter, heat is reduced
to approximately 60.degree. C. to 65.degree. C., at which
temperature essential oils and other ingredients known to be
unstable at elevated temperatures, including for example, essential
oils and or temperature sensitive actives are added and mixed until
homogenously distributed.
[0110] All of the compositions and methods disclosed and claimed
herein can be made and executed without undue experimentation in
light of the present disclosure. While the compositions and methods
of the present disclosure have been described in terms of preferred
embodiments, it will be apparent to those of skill in the art that
variations may be applied to the compositions and methods and in
the steps or in the sequence of steps of the method described
herein without departing from the concept, spirit, and scope of the
invention. More specifically, it will be apparent that certain
agents, which are chemically related, may be substituted for the
agents described herein while the same or similar results would be
achieved. All such similar substitutes and modifications apparent
to those skilled in the art are deemed to be within the spirit,
scope, and concept of the invention as defined by the appended
claims.
EXAMPLES
[0111] The present invention is further defined in the following
Examples. It should be understood that these Examples, while
indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way
of illustration only. From the above discussion and these Examples,
one skilled in the art can ascertain the preferred features of this
invention, and without departing from the spirit and scope thereof,
can make various changes and modifications of the invention to
adapt it to various uses and conditions.
Example 1
[0112] TABLE-US-00002 Deodorant Stick Formulation Ingredient % By
Weight of Product Bio-PDO 50% Stearate 5% Glyceryl monolaurate 2%
Lichen extract 1% Starch 1% Fragrance minimal Distilled Water
40%
[0113] Measure Bio-derived propanediol. Add water to 90%. Heat
mixture to 80 C. Add Sodium Stearate and mix at 350 rpm for 10 to
25 minutes depending on batch size. Premix starch in 2% water, add
lichen and set aside. Reduce heat to 70 C. Add starch premix. Stir
for 5 minutes. Add Glyceryl monolaurate and stir for 3 to 10
minutes depending on batch size. Add balance of water qs. Reduce
heat to 67 and add Fragrance. Mix well at 250 rpm. Pour into
containers. Cooling tunnel may be used to reduce setting times.
Example 2
[0114] TABLE-US-00003 Deodorant Stick Formulation Ingredient % By
Weight of Product Bio-PDO 50% Stearate 5% Fragrance .05 to 5%
Distilled Water qs
Example 3
[0115] TABLE-US-00004 Deodorant Stick Formulation Ingredient % By
Weight of Product Bio-PDO 50% Stearate 5% Glyceryl caprilate 1%
Farnesol 2% Starch 1% Fragrance minimal Distilled Water qs
[0116] Measure Bio-derived propanediol. Add water to 90%. Heat
mixture to 80 C. Add Sodium Stearate and mix at 350 rpm for 10 to
25 minutes depending on batch size. Premix starch in 2% water.
Reduce heat to 70 C. Add starch premix. Stir for 5 minutes. Add
Glyceryl caprilate and stir for 3 to 10 minutes depending on batch
size. Add er phase qs to 100. Reduce heat to 67 and add farnesol
and Fragrance. Mix well at 250 rpm. Pour into containers. Cooling
tunnel may be used to reduce setting times.
Example 4
[0117] TABLE-US-00005 Deodorant Stick Formluation Ingredient % By
Weight of Product Bio-PDO 50% Saccharomyces Ferment 3%
polyglyceryl-6 caprylate .5% Fragrance minimal Distilled Water
qs
[0118] Measure Bio-derived propanediol. Add water to 90%. Heat
mixture to 80 C. Add Sodium Stearate and mix at 350 rpm for 10 to
25 minutes depending on batch size. Reduce heat to 70 C. Add
polygylceryl-6 caprilate and stir for 3 to 10 minutes depending on
batch size. Reduce heat to 67 and add Saccharomyces ferment and
Fragrance. Mix well at 250 rpm. Pour into containers. Cooling
tunnel may be used to reduce setting times.
Example 5
[0119] TABLE-US-00006 Deodorant Roll-on Formluation Ingredient % By
Weight of Product Bio-PDO 55% Saccharomyces Ferment 3% Carrageenan
.6% Parfum 2% Distilled Water qs
[0120] Measure Bio-derived propanediol. Add carrageenan and lightly
stir until incorporated. Add water to 90%. Heat mixture to 70 C and
allow carrageenan to fully hydrate (between 5 and 15 minutes
depending on batch size). Reduce heat to 60 C. Add Saccharomyces
ferment and Parfum. Pour into containers. No colling required.
Example 6
[0121] TABLE-US-00007 Deodorant Spray Formluation Ingredient % By
Weight of Product Bio-PDO 55% Saccharomyces Ferment 3% Carrageenan
.3% Parfum 2% Distilled Water qs
[0122] Measure Bio-derived propanediol. Add carrageenan and lightly
stir until incorporated. Add water to 90%. Heat mixture to 70 C and
allow carrageenan to fully hydrate (between 5 and 15 minutes
depending on batch size). Reduce heat to 60 C. Add Saccharomyces
ferment and Parfum. Pour into containers. No colling required.
Example 7
[0123] TABLE-US-00008 Deodorant Roll-on Formulation Component
Weight % Bio-PDO 60.0 Xanthan Gum 0.1 Organic Aloe Vera Gel 20.0
Wildcrafted Usnea (tincture) in organic grain alcohol 0.3 Willow
Bark (tincture) in organic grain alcohol 1.0 Lemon Extract 3.0
Witch Hazel (Hamamelis Virginiana) Extract 0.6 Cat's Claw Extract
1.0 Water (Aqua) 14.0
[0124] Add Bio-derived propanediol. Disperse xanthan gum with light
agitation until uniform. Slowly incorporate water. Add Aloe, Usnea,
Willow, Lemon, Witch Hazel and Cat's Claw. Mix until fully
hydrated. Pour into suitable containers.
Example 8
[0125] TABLE-US-00009 Deodorant Stick formulation Component Weight
% Bio-PDO 50.0 Sodium Stearate 5 Seaweed 1.0 Corn Starch 1.0
Wildcrafted Usnea 0.3 Glyceryl monolaurate 1.0 Lemon Extract 3.0
Rosemary Extract 0.5 Pure Essential Oils of Chamomile, Lemon, Ylang
Ylang 0.5 and Geranium Phytic Acid 0.2 Cat's Claw Extract 0.5 Water
(Aqua) 37.0
[0126] Add Bio-derived propanediol. Add water to 90%. Add Phytic
Acid. Heat to 80 C. Add Sodium Stearate and mix @ 350 rpm until
fully incorporated. Reduce rpm to 200. Pre-wet corn starch in 3 ml
of water. Combined remaining ingredients. Reduce heat to 70 C and
add corn starch, followed by glyceryl monolaurate. Reduce heat to
65 C and add remaining ingredients. Mix at the same speed until
fully incorporated. Pour into suitable containers.
Example 9
[0127] TABLE-US-00010 Antiperspirant Roll-on Formulation Component
Weight % Bio-PDO 6.00 Ethanol (carrier) 57.6 Hydroxypropylcellulose
(thickener) 0.4% Aluminium zirconium pentachlorhydrate 17.5%
Perfume 1.0 Cyclomethicone (emollient, anti-tacking agent) 1.0
PPG-15 stearyl ether (crystallization inhibitor) 2.0 Water
(solvent/carrier) 14.5
Example 10
[0128] TABLE-US-00011 Antiperspirant Stick Formulation Component
Weight % Bio-PDO 49.00 Copolymer Aluminum Zirconium 24.00
Dimethicone 2.00 Colloidal Silicon Dioxide 1.0 Butyl Ether 2.0
Hydrogenated Castor Oil MP-80 3.00 PPG-14 Butyl Ether 1.0
Petrolatum 3.5 PPG-3-Isosteareth-9 0.5 PPG-5-Cetheth-20 1.50
Stearate Bentone 38 0.5 Talc 7.00 Corn Starch 4.50
Tetrachlorohydrex-Gly Powder Fragrance 0.50
Example 11
[0129] TABLE-US-00012 Antiperspirant Spray Formulation Component
Weight % Bio-Derived Propanediol 6.00 Aluminum chlorhydrate 0.1
Aluminum chloride 0.60 Urea 0.30 Bentone 38 2.0 Propylene carbonate
0.14 Linear alcohol lactate 0.70 Zinc stearate 0.15 Perfume 0.15
Propellant (65% Freon 11, 35% Freon 12) 89.83
Example 12
[0130] TABLE-US-00013 Glycerine vs Bio-PDO - Efficacy IN VIVO
GLYCERINE Bio-PDO (HUMAN) Actives # hours # hours # humans # tests
lichen 6 12 20 100 polyglycerol 3 caprylate 0 12 60 350 enzyme 6 12
3 3 GML 4 12 2 2 limonoids 4 8-12 1 1
Example 13
[0131] TABLE-US-00014 Glycerine vs Bio-PDO - Stability
(Efficacy/shelf-life) IN VIVO GLYCERINE Bio-PDO (HUMAN) Actives #
months # months # humans # tests lichen 6 12 30 40 polyglycerol 3
caprylate -- 12 60 90 enzyme 5 on going 3 3 GML 6 on going 2 2
limonoid 3 on going 35 60
Example 14
[0132] TABLE-US-00015 Glycerine vs Bio-PDO - Stability (Shrinkage -
3 months) IN VIVO GLYCERINE Bio-PDO (HUMAN) Actives % in product %
in product # humans # tests lichen 0 15 -- 60 polyglycerol 3
caprylate -- 3 -- 120 enzyme on going on going -- -- GML 0 3 -- --
limonoid on going on going -- --
Example 15
[0133] TABLE-US-00016 Glycerine vs Bio-PDO - Solubility GLYCERINE
Bio-PDO IN VIVO (HUMAN) Actives Ranking 1-10 Ranking 1-10 # humans
# tests lichen 3 10 -- 60 polyglycerol 3 caprylate -- 10 -- 120
enzyme on going on going -- -- GML on going on going -- -- limonoid
on going on going -- --
Example 16
[0134] TABLE-US-00017 Glycerine vs Bio-PDO - Irritation GLYCERINE
Bio-PDO IN VIVO (HUMAN) Actives Ranking 1-10 Ranking 1-10 # humans
# tests lichen 10 5 11 11 polyglycerol 3 caprylate -- 0 15 15
enzyme 0 0 -- -- GML 0 0 -- -- limonoids 7 on going 30 100
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