U.S. patent application number 11/696821 was filed with the patent office on 2007-08-23 for taste masked pharmaceutical particles.
Invention is credited to Daniel McTeigue, Narenda Parikh, Ravivaj S. Pillai, David W. Wynn.
Application Number | 20070196489 11/696821 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 22803235 |
Filed Date | 2007-08-23 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070196489 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
McTeigue; Daniel ; et
al. |
August 23, 2007 |
TASTE MASKED PHARMACEUTICAL PARTICLES
Abstract
Taste masked particles and chewable tablets made therefrom are
disclosed. The taste masked particles comprise a core containing an
active ingredient and a polymeric coating covering said core, said
coating comprising a mixture of a) an enteric polymer; and b) an
insoluble film forming polymer, the surface of said particle being
free of active ingredient. The chewable tablets provide immediate
release of the active ingredient.
Inventors: |
McTeigue; Daniel; (N. Wales,
PA) ; Parikh; Narenda; (Long Valley, NJ) ;
Wynn; David W.; (Abington, PA) ; Pillai; Ravivaj
S.; (Lansdale, PA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
PHILIP S. JOHNSON;JOHNSON & JOHNSON
ONE JOHNSON & JOHNSON PLAZA
NEW BRUNSWICK
NJ
08933-7003
US
|
Family ID: |
22803235 |
Appl. No.: |
11/696821 |
Filed: |
April 5, 2007 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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09878034 |
Jun 8, 2001 |
7223421 |
|
|
11696821 |
Apr 5, 2007 |
|
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60215505 |
Jun 30, 2000 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
424/474 ;
424/488 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A61K 9/0056 20130101;
A61K 9/2081 20130101; A61K 9/5042 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
424/474 ;
424/488 |
International
Class: |
A61K 9/28 20060101
A61K009/28; A61K 9/14 20060101 A61K009/14 |
Claims
1. A taste masked particle comprising a core containing an active
ingredient and a continuous polymeric coating covering said core,
said coating comprising a mixture of a) an enteric polymer selected
from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate,
cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinylacetate phthalate, and
mixtures thereof; and b) a water insoluble film forming polymer
selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate,
ethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof, wherein the active ingredient
is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and wherein the weight
ratio of enteric polymer to water insoluble film forming polymer in
the coating is in the range of about 55:45 to about 80:20.
2. The particle of claim 1, wherein the surface of said particle is
substantially free of active ingredient.
3. The particle of claim 1, wherein the coating is substantially
free of plasticizer.
4. The particle of claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is a
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug selected from the group
consisting of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen,
diclofenac, rofecoxib, celecoxib, aspirin, pharmaceutically
acceptable salts and metabolites thereof, and mixtures thereof.
5. (canceled)
6. (canceled)
7. The particle of claim 1 further comprising a non-enteric, water
soluble polymer.
8. The particle of claim 1 further comprising a surfactant.
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. A chewable tablet comprising taste masked particles, each
particle comprising a core containing an active ingredient and a
continuous polymeric coating covering said core, said coating
comprising a mixture of a) an enteric polymer selected from the
group consisting of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate,
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, cellulose acetate
phthalate, polyvinylacetate phthalate, and mixtures thereof; and b)
a water insoluble film forming polymer selected from the group
consisting of cellulose acetate, ethylcellulose, and mixtures
thereof, wherein the active ingredient is a nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drug and wherein the weight ratio of enteric
polymer to water insoluble film forming polymer in the coating is
in the range of about 55:45 to about 80:20.
12. The chewable tablet of claim 11, wherein the surfaces of the
particles are substantially free of active ingredient.
13. The chewable tablet of claim 11, wherein the coating is
substantially free of plasticizer.
14. The chewable tablet of claim 11, wherein the active ingredient
is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug selected from the group
consisting of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen,
diclofenac, rofecoxib, celecoxib, aspirin, pharmaceutically
acceptable salts and metabolites thereof, and mixtures thereof.
15. (canceled)
16. (canceled)
17. The chewable tablet of claim 11, wherein said coating further
comprises an ingredient selected from the group consisting of
non-enteric, water soluble polymers and surfactants.
18. (canceled)
19. A method of taste masking particles comprising an active
ingredient, which comprises applying a continuous polymeric coating
over said particles, said coating comprising a mixture of a) an
enteric polymer selected from the group consisting of hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate
succinate, cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinylacetate phthalate,
and mixtures thereof; and b) an insoluble film forming polymer
selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate
ethylcellulose, and mixtures thereof, wherein the active ingredient
is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug and wherein the weight
ratio of enteric polymer to water insoluble film forming polymer in
the coating is in the range of about 55:45 to about 80:20.
20. The method of claim 19, wherein the surfaces of the particles
are substantially free of active ingredient.
21. The method of claim 19, wherein the coating is substantially
free of plasticizer.
22. The method of claim 19, wherein the active ingredient is a
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug selected from the group
consisting of ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen,
diclofenac, rofecoxib, celecoxib, aspirin, pharmaceutically
acceptable salts and metabolites thereof, and mixtures thereof.
23. (canceled)
24. (canceled)
25. The method of claim 19, wherein the active ingredient is at
least 80% dissolved in 30 minutes in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer when
tested according to USP method II at 50 rpm and is at least 70%
dissolved in 60 minutes in pH 5.6 acetate buffer when tested
according to USP method 11 at 50 rpm.
26. The particle of claim 1, wherein the active ingredient is
ibuprofen.
27. The chewable tablet of claim 11, wherein the active ingredient
is ibuprofen.
28. The method of claim 19, wherein the active ingredient is
ibuprofen.
Description
[0001] This application claims the benefit of Provisional U.S.
patent application Ser. No. 60/215,505 filed Jun. 30, 2000.
[0002] This invention relates to taste masked pharmaceutical
particles comprising a polymeric coating that is a mixture of an
enteric polymer and an insoluble film forming polymer. The coated
particles may be used to make chewable tablets that surprisingly
exhibit an immediate release profile.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Pharmaceuticals intended for oral administration are
typically provided in solid form as tablets, capsules, pills,
lozenges, or granules. Tablets are swallowed whole, chewed in the
mouth, or dissolved in the oral cavity. Chewable tablets are
typically made from a mixture including active drug particles, and
other inactive ingredients (excipients), and are often employed for
the administration of pharmaceuticals where it is impractical to
provide a tablet for swallowing whole. With chewable tablets, the
act of chewing helps to break up the tablet particles as the tablet
disintegrates and may increase the rate of absorption by the
digestive tract. Chewable tablets are often utilized to improve
drug administration in pediatric and geriatric patients.
[0004] Certain drug particles have a bitter or otherwise unpleasant
taste. In order to make chewable tablets from these, their taste
must be masked for example by dispersing or coating the particles
with a coating composition. Depending on the nature of the coating
composition, the dissolution or release profile of the particles
and tablets made therefrom can be changed.
[0005] For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,536,507 to Abramowitz et al.
relates to a three component pharmaceutical formulation containing
one or more pharmacologically active substances such that greater
than 80% of the active substance will be released in the large
intestine. The formulation comprises a core comprising the
pharmacologically active substance, microcrystalline cellulose, a
pH-sensitive polymer, and optionally an osmotic agent. Over the
core is a delayed release coating comprising a non-water soluble
polymer such as Eudragit RS30D (poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl
methacrylate)trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride)) or
ethylcellulose, a plasticizer and an antiagglomerating agent. Over
the delayed release coating is an enteric coating such as cellulose
acetate phthalate, cellulose acetate trimetallate, or Eudragit L30D
(poly(methacrylic acid, ethyl acrylate)).
[0006] U.S. Pat. No. 5,681,584 to Savastano et al. relates to
another delayed release drug delivery device. In this case, the
targeted site for drug delivery is within the gastrointestinal
tract, particularly the colon. The device consists of a solid core
comprising an active ingredient coated with three separate layers:
1) a delay jacket comprising a binder, an osmotic agent and a
lubricant; 2) a semipermeable membrane that may be made of
cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate phthalate, or
Eudragit NE30D (poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate)),
Eudragit RL (poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl
methacrylate)trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) or
Eudragit RS (poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl
methacrylate)trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride); and 3)
an enteric polymer such as cellulose acetate phthalate or
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate.
[0007] Canadian Appln. No. 2,068,366 describes a microcapsule
composition and process for making the same. The dissolution
profile of the microcapsule is reduced by approximately 25%,
preferably approximately 40%, more preferably approximately 50%,
relative to a standard microencapsulated tablet when measured at a
pH of about 6.8. The microcapsule composition of Canadian Appln.
No. 2,068,366 is made by spray drying a suspension or dispersion of
a pharmaceutically active ingredient in a coating solution. The
coating solution contains 3 to 75 wt % of a water insoluble
polymer. The coating solution may optionally contain an enteric,
reverse enteric, or water soluble polymer as well. In Example 3 of
the application, an enteric coating comprising ethylcellulose,
hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate and dicloromethane
was spray dried with sodium diclofenac. The release profile of the
enteric coated diclofenac, shown in FIG. 3, indicates that less
than 80% of the drug had been released after 30 minutes in a pH 7.5
solution.
[0008] U.S. Pat. No. 4,800,087 to Mehta relates to taste-masked
pharmaceutical compositions in which pharmaceutically active
compound is microencapsulated with a polymer coating. The polymer
coating comprises a high temperature film forming polymer in
combination with either a plasticizer or a low temperature film
forming polymer. The high temperature film forming polymer may be
ethyl cellulose or another cellulose polymer or preferably Eudragit
L30D, which is an enteric polymer. The low temperature film forming
polymer is preferably Eudragit NE30D, which is a nonenteric polymer
that swells in aqueous solution.
[0009] Applicants have now discovered that taste masked
pharmaceutical formulations having an immediate release profile may
be made using a continuous polymeric coating comprising a mixture
of an enteric polymer and an insoluble film forming polymer. The
polymeric coating is used to cover the entire surface of drug
particles, such that the surfaces of the particles are
substantially free of active ingredient. The coated particles of
the invention advantageously exhibit sufficient elasticity without
the need for plasticizer to maintain integrity during tableting and
prevent release of the drug into the mouth during chewing. Chewable
tablets made from these coated particles have excellent taste and
yet surprisingly exhibit an immediate release profile.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0010] The present invention provides a taste masked particle
comprising a core containing an active ingredient and a polymeric
coating covering said core, said coating comprising a mixture of a)
an enteric polymer; and b) an insoluble film forming polymer, the
surface of said particle being free of active ingredient.
[0011] The invention also provides a chewable tablet comprising a
granular agglomerate of taste masked particles, each particle
comprising a core containing an active ingredient and a polymeric
coating covering said core, said coating comprising a mixture of a)
an enteric polymer; and b) an insoluble film forming polymer, the
surface of said particle being free of active ingredient.
[0012] The invention further provides a method of taste masking
particles comprising an active ingredient, which comprises applying
a continuous polymeric coating over said particles, said coating
comprising a mixture of a) an enteric polymer; and b) an insoluble
film forming polymer.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The core of the taste masked particle may comprise any one
of a number of active ingredients. Suitable active ingredients
broadly include analgesics, decongestants, expectorants,
antitussives, antihistamines, gastrointestinal agents, diuretics,
bronchodilators, sleep-inducing agents, vitamin and mineral
supplements, anti-infectives, and mixtures thereof, in particular
those with an unpleasant taste. One class of preferred active
ingredients include nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
such as ibuprofen, ketoprofen, flurbiprofen, naproxen, diclofenac,
rofecoxib, celecoxib, and aspirin. The active ingredient may
alternatively be selected from acetaminophen, pseudoephedrine,
phenylpropanolamine, chlorpheniramine, dextromethorphan,
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, meclizine, famotidine, loperamide,
ranitidine, cimetidine, astemizole, loratadine, desloratadine,
fexofenadine, cetirizine, antacids, mixtures thereof and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts or metabolites thereof. Most
preferably, the active ingredient is selected from the group
consisting of acetaminophen, ibuprofen, pseudoephedrine,
dextromethorphan, diphenhydramine, chlorpheniramine, loratadine,
calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium carbonate,
magnesium oxide, aluminum hydroxide, mixtures thereof, and
pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
[0014] The core of the particle may comprise pure, crystalline
active ingredient, or a mixture of active ingredient with optional
ingredients, such as binders, excipients and the like known in the
art. The core may be formed using a variety of well known
granulation methods, including high sheer wet granulation, spray
drying, and fluid bed granulation (including rotary fluid bed
granulation). Preferably, the particle core is made by fluid bed
granulation.
[0015] The polymeric coating covers the core. The polymeric coating
comprises a mixture of a) an enteric polymer and b) and insoluble
film forming polymer. The enteric polymer may be selected from any
one of a variety of known enteric polymers, such as hydroxypropyl
methylcellulose phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate
succinate, cellulose acetate phthalate, polyvinylacetate phthalate,
and polymethacrylate-based polymers such as poly(methacrylic acid,
methyl methacrylate) 1:2 (commercially available from Rohm Pharma
GmbH as Eudragit S polymers), and poly(methacrylic acid, methyl
methacrylate) 1:1 (commercially available from Rohm Pharma GmbH as
Eudragit L polymers). Combinations of enteric polymers may also be
used.
[0016] Preferably, the enteric polymer is selected from
non-acrylate compounds, specifically hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
phthalate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate,
cellulose acetate phthalate, and polyvinylacetate phthalate.
Non-acrylates are preferred because acrylate polymers tend to
become tacky and agglomerate at high temperature. Cellulose
polymers are more heat stable than acrylate polymers. In addition,
acrylate polymers are known to have a characteristic, slightly
unpleasant taste, whereas cellulose polymers have a more neutral
taste profile.
[0017] The insoluble film forming polymer may also be selected from
a number of known compounds, including cellulose acetate,
ethylcellulose, and poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate,
trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) 1:2:0.1 (commercially
available from Rohm Pharma as Eudragit RS). One or more than one
insoluble film forming polymer may be used. Preferably, the
insoluble film forming polymer is impermeable and does not swell in
an aqueous environment. More preferably, the insoluble film forming
polymer is selected from cellulose acetate and ethylcellulose.
[0018] The weight ratio of enteric polymer to insoluble film
forming polymer in the polymeric coating is preferably in the range
of about 20:80 to about 80:20, more preferably about 40:60 to about
70:30.
[0019] The polymeric coating may comprise other optional
ingredients. Preferably, the polymeric coating includes one or more
non-enteric, water soluble polymers, such as hydroxypropyl
cellulose and poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate)
(commercially available from Rohm Pharma GmbH as Eudragit NE 30D).
When a non-enteric, water soluble polymer is present in the
polymeric coating, the level of non-enteric, water soluble polymer
is preferably about 10 to about 30% of the polymeric coating.
[0020] The polymeric coating also preferably comprises a
surfactant. Suitable surfactants include both ionic and non-ionic
materials from both synthetic and natural origins, including but
not limited to lecithin, glyceryl esters, sugar esters,
polysorbates, mono and diglycerides of fatty acids, propylene
glycol esters, sucrose fatty acid esters and polyoxyethylene
derivatives of sorbitan fatty acid esters. Examples of useful
polysorbates include sorbitan trioleate, sorbitan monopalmitate,
sorbitan monolaurate, propylene glycol monolaurate, glycerol
monostearate, diglycerol monostearate, glycerol lactyl-palmitate.
Lactic acid derivatives include sodium stearoyl lactylate and
calcium stearoyl lactylate. When a surfactant is present in the
polymeric coating, the level of surfactant is preferably about 2 to
about 10% of the polymeric coating.
[0021] A particularly preferred polymeric coating comprises about
53 wt % hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, about 43 wt %
cellulose acetate, and about 4 wt % polysorbate.
[0022] Advantageously, the present polymeric coating requires no
plasticizer but still maintains elasticity sufficient to prevent
rupture during tableting and chewing. Although plasticizers are
commonly incorporated into known coating systems, they increase the
cost and processing complexity of such systems. Importantly, they
are also known to impart unpleasant oily tastes to coating systems.
This is avoided with the present invention.
[0023] The polymeric coating is preferably applied to the particle
core in the form of a solution using fluidized bed technology, such
as Wurster coating or rotor coating. Useful solvents for this
purpose include acetone and water at a ratio from about 85:15 to
about 95:5.
[0024] In order to achieve complete tastemasking, it is important
that the polymer coating be continuous and cover the entire surface
of the core, so that little or no active ingredient is exposed.
Exposed active ingredient is susceptible to dissolution in the oral
cavity, where once in solution, it will be detected by the taste
buds. Using the method of the present invention, it is now possible
to completely eliminate the perception of "burn" associated with
ibuprofen, for example. Coating methods such as spray-drying, that
result in a matrix of active ingredient and coating, will result in
inferior taste-masking because spray dried particles are usually
porous and may have drug protrusions on the surface.
[0025] The thickness of the polymeric coating on the core is
typically from about 1 to about 20 microns, preferably from about 2
to about 15 microns, and more preferably from about 4 to about 9
microns. The polymeric coating preferably forms about 5 to about
50, more preferably about 15 to about 25 weight percent of the
taste masked particle.
[0026] Chewable tablets may be made by compacting a mixture
including the taste masked particles. Several tableting methods are
known in the art, including for example the use of compacting
roller technology such as a chilsonator or drop roller, or molding,
casting, or extrusion technologies. Preferably, tablets including
the taste masked particles are formed by compaction using a rotary
tablet press as known in the art. In a rotary tablet press, a
metered volume of particles is filled into a die cavity, which
rotates as part of a "die table" from the filling position to a
compaction position where the particles are compacted between an
upper and a lower punch to an ejection position where the resulting
tablet is pushed from the die cavity by the lower punch and guided
to an ejection chute by a stationary "take-off" bar.
[0027] Preferably, tableting is carried out such that the chewable
tablet is relatively soft. The hardness of the tablet is preferably
up to about 15 kiloponds per square centimeter (kp/cm.sup.2). More
preferably, the hardness of the tablet is in the range of about 1
to about 8, most preferably about 2 to about 5, kp/cm.sup.2.
Hardness is a term used in the art to describe the diametral
breaking strength as measured by conventional pharmaceutical
hardness testing equipment, such as a Schleuniger Hardness Tester.
In order to compare values across different size tablets, the
breaking strength must be normalized for the area of the break.
This normalized value, expressed in kp/cm.sup.2, is sometimes
referred in the art as tablet tensile strength. A general
discussion of tablet hardness testing is found in Leiberman et al.,
Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms--Tablets, Volume 2, 2.sup.nd ed.,
Marcel Dekker Inc., 1990, pp. 213-217, 327-329.
[0028] The active ingredient is present in the chewable tablet in a
therapeutically effective amount, which is an amount that produces
the desired therapeutic response upon oral administration and can
be readily determined by one skilled in the art. In determining
such amounts, the particular active ingredient being administered,
the bioavailability characteristics of the active ingredient, the
dose regime, the age and weight of the patient, and other factors
must be considered.
[0029] The chewable tablet may contain other conventional
ingredients such as fillers, including water soluble compressible
carbohydrates such as sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, maltitol,
xylitol, lactose, and mixtures thereof; conventional dry binders
including cellulose, cellulosic derivatives, polyvinyl pyrrolidone,
starch, modified starch, and mixtures thereof, and in particular
microcrystalline cellulose; sweeteners including aspartame,
acesulfame potassium, sucralose and saccharin; and lubricants, such
as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, talc, and waxes. The chewable
tablet may also incorporate pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants,
including for example preservatives, flavors, antioxidants,
surfactants, and coloring agents.
[0030] Tablets made according to the invention do not dissolve in
the mouth, but rather dissolve in the upper regions of the
gastro-intestinal tract. The release profile of taste masked
particles according to the invention can also be varied by changing
the ratio of enteric and insoluble film forming polymers in the
coating formulation. In general however, the active ingredient in
tablets made according to the invention is at least 80% dissolved
in 30 minutes in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer when tested according to
USP method II at 50 rpm, and is at least 70% dissolved in 60
minutes in pH 5.6 acetate buffer when tested according to USP
method II at 50 rpm. Chewable tablets according to the invention
therefore provide an improved combination of taste masking and
immediate release characteristics.
[0031] Specific embodiments of the present invention are
illustrated by way of the following examples. This invention is not
confined to the specific limitations set forth in these examples,
but rather to the scope of the appended claims. Unless otherwise
stated, the percentages and ratios given below are by weight.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Preparation of Comparative Particles
[0032] Ibuprofen was granulated with povidone, sodium lauryl
sulfate, and sodium starch glycolate using purified water in a
rotary fluid bed granulator according to the method disclosed in
U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,855, the disclosure of which is hereby
incorporated by reference. The ibuprofen granules were then coated
with a 50:50 mixture of hydroxyethylcellulose (Natrosol.RTM. 250L)
and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (Methocel.RTM. E5) in water to a
22% coating level by weight of the finished coated particles,
according to the method disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,320,855.
Example 2
Preparation of Tastemasked Particles of the Invention
[0033] A coating solution was prepared by dispersing cellulose
acetate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP-50), and
polysorbate 80, in a solvent consisting of 85% acetone, and 15%
water, so that the coating materials represented 10% of the
finished solution as follows:
Coating Solution:
[0034] TABLE-US-00001 Weight Ingredient Percent Acetone 5100 Water
900 HPMCP-50 353.34 Cellulose Acetate 286.67 Polysorbate 80 26.67
Total 6666.67
[0035] 1800 g of ibuprofen powder and 200 g of microcrystalline
cellulose (Avicel.RTM. PH101) were charged into a rotary fluid bed
coater (Glatt GPCG-5). The powder bed was mobilized using a rotor
speed of 300 rpm and air volume of 0.1-0.2 inches of water. The
coating solution was sprayed onto the particles through
tangentially oriented nozzles at a rate of 80 g per minute. Inlet
air temperature was 42.degree. C. After all of the solution was
sprayed, the resulting coated particles were dried at a decreased
rotor speed of 100 rpm for 8 minutes. The final dried batch weighed
2141 g (80% yield). The level of coating materials was 25% by
weight of the total finished coated particles.
[0036] The resulting coated particles had an average diameter of
323 microns with a standard deviation of 122 microns according to a
normal distribution model (r.sup.2=0.984).
Example 3
In-vitro Dissolution of Coated Particles:
[0037] Dissolution of the particles of Examples 1 and 2 was tested
by USP paddle method in pH 7.2 phosphate buffer at 50 rpm. 100% of
the ibuprofen active ingredient was released from both sets of
particles in less than 30 minutes.
Example 4
Preparation of Comparative Chewable Tablets
[0038] Coated particles from Example 1 (22% level of HPMC/HEC) were
blended with aspartame, acesulfame potassium, citric acid, granular
mannitol, fumaric acid, microcrystalline cellulose, and flavor in a
plastic bag by inverting 100 times. Magnesium stearate was added,
and the mixture was further blended by inverting 20 times.
TABLE-US-00002 Amount Ingredient (mg/tablet) HPMC/HEC Coated
Ibuprofen (76.25% active) 131.1 Aspartame NF 11.55 Acesulfame
Potassium 5.78 Citric Acid USP, anhydrous 2.00 Mannitol USP,
granular 515 Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) 77 Fumaric
Acid NF (fine granular) 20 Orange Flavor 2 Magnesium Stearate NF
5.78 TOTAL 770.21
[0039] The resulting blend was compressed on a rotary tablet press
at 40 rpm using 15/32'' diameter flat faced beveled edge tablet
tooling to an average tablet weight of 770.2 mg, tablet hardness of
3.2 kp, and tablet thickness of 0.24 inches. Friability by USP
method was 2.7%.
Example 5
Preparation of Chewable Tablets of the Invention
[0040] Coated particles from Example 2 (25% level of
CA/HPMCP-50/Polysorbate-80) were blended with aspartame, acesulfame
potassium, citric acid, granular mannitol, fumaric acid,
microcrystalline cellulose, and flavor in a plastic bag by
inverting 100 times. Magnesium stearate was added, and the mixture
was further blended by inverting 20 times. TABLE-US-00003 Amount
Ingredient (mg/tablet) CA/HPMCP/Polysorbate-80 Coated Ibuprofen
148.1 (67.5% active) Aspartame NF 11.55 Acesulfame Potassium 5.78
Citric Acid USP, anhydrous 2.00 Mannitol USP, granular 498
Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) 77 Fumaric Acid NF (fine
granular) 20 Orange Flavor 2 Magnesium Stearate NF 5.78 TOTAL
770.21
[0041] The resulting blend was compressed on a rotary tablet press
at 40 rpm using 15/32'' diameter flat faced beveled edge tablet
tooling to an average tablet weight of 770.2 mg, tablet hardness of
3.2 kp, and tablet thickness of 0.25 inches. Friability by USP
method was 2.2%.
Example 6
Evaluation of Chewable Tablets from Examples 4 and 5
[0042] The tablets prepared in Examples 4 and 5 were evaluated for
the intensity of "throat burn," a characteristic taste property of
ibuprofen. The tablets from Example 4 were found to have a high
level of throat burn or catch with some lingering throat numbness.
The tablets from Example 5 were perceived to have no throat
burn.
Example 7
Preparation of Tastemasked Particles According to the Invention
[0043] A coating solution was prepared by dispersing cellulose
acetate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP-50), and
hydroxypropyl cellulose (Klucel-EF) in a solvent consisting of 85%
acetone, and 15% water, so that the coating materials represented
10% of the finished solution. The relative amounts of coating
materials (as a percent of the final coating) were: TABLE-US-00004
Cellulose Acetate 45% HPMCP-50 35% Hydroxypropyl cellulose 20%
[0044] The solution was used to coat a mixture of ibuprofen (80%),
microcrystalline cellulose (10%), and fumaric acid (10%) according
to the method in Example 2. The level of coating materials was 20%
by weight of the total finished coated particles. The resulting
coated particles had an average diameter of 166 microns, and a
dissolution of 97% released at 60 minutes in pH 5.6 acetate buffer
by USP method II at 50 rpm.
Example 8
Manufacture and Bioavailability Testing of Chewable Tablets
[0045] Chewable tablets incorporating the coated particles of
Example 7 were compressed using a Manesty Beta rotary press. The
selected unit dose formula for the tablets was as follows:
TABLE-US-00005 Chewable Composition (100 mg Ibuprofen, Orange
Flavor), Tablet Weight 770 mg Ingredient % mg/tab Encapsulated
Ibuprofen* FD&C Yellow No. 6 Aluminum Lake 0.23 1.76 (Color)
Microcrystalline Cellulose 10.0 77.0 (AVICEL PH-101 NF) (Flow aid)
Aspartame NF (Sweetener) 1.5 11.55 Acesulfame-K (Sweetener) 0.75
5.78 Fumaric Acid (Granular) (Acidulant) 2.59 20 Citric Acid USP
(Flavor) 0.26 2.0 Natural Orange Flavor 5-11757 0.26 5.78 Magnesium
Stearate NF (Lubricant) 0.75 5.77 Mannitol USP (Granular)[FL2080]
(Filler) TOTAL 100.0 770.0 *Ibuprofen & Mannitol adjustment
calculation based on Ibuprofen in coated particles.
[0046] The Chewable Tablets were Manufactured using the Following
Procedure:
[0047] 1. The aspartame, acesulfame-K, citric acid, fumaric acid,
microcrystalline cellulose, color, flavor, mannitol, ibuprofen were
blended for 15 minutes in a twin shell blender (Patterson-Kelly
Inc.). Magnesium stearate was added to the blended mixture, and the
mixture was blended for an additional 5 minutes.
[0048] 2. The resulting tablet blend was then compressed using a
15/32'' round FFBE tooling using a rotary tablet press (Manesty
Beta Press) to a target weight of 770 mg, hardness of 8.0 kp, and
thickness of 5.90 mm.
[0049] The bioavailability of the chewable tablets (in comparison
to Children's Motrin.RTM. Chewable Tablets, a reference product)
was assessed in 16 healthy human volunteers according to an
approved clinical protocol. The following pharmacokinetic
parameters were evaluated: area under the plasma concentration-time
curve (AUC), maximum plasma concentration (C.sub.max), time
required for peak plasma concentration (T.sub.max) and, absorption
half-time (T.sub.1/2). The formula selected for the bioscan studies
and the biostudy results are summarized in the following table.
TABLE-US-00006 Bioscan Results (770 mg, 100 mg Ibuprofen, Orange
Flavor) Tablet Composition and Physical Properties Tablet
Properties Average Pharmacokinetic Parameters Hard- Average
*C.sub.max *T.sub.max *AUC *T.sub.1/2 ness Weight (ng/ml) (Hours)
(ng/ml-hr) (Hours) (Kp) (mg) Ave CV Ave CV Ave CV Ave CV Reference
7.3 772 15.7 21.8 1.96 46.8 62.8 19.2 1.92 15.4 Product Tablet 8.70
769.3 16.5 11.7 2.2 33.5 59.4 14.8 1.91 14.9 according to the
Invention *Represent Average Values CV--Coefficient of variation
NA--Not applicable
Example 9
Preparation of Tastemasked Particles According to the Invention
[0050] A coating solution (350 kg) was prepared by dispersing
cellulose acetate, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, and
polysorbate 80 in a solvent consisting of 85% acetone, and 15%
water, so that the coating materials represented 10% of the
finished solution.
[0051] 112 kg of ibuprofen powder, 7 kg of microcrystalline
cellulose (Avicel.RTM. PH101), 7 kg of sodium starch glycolate, and
14 kg of fumaric acid, were charged into a rotary fluid bed coater
(GlattGRG 200). The powder bed was mobilized using a rotor speed of
200 rpm, and air volume of 2400 CFM. The coating solution was
sprayed onto the particles through tangentially oriented nozzles at
an initial rate of 1200 g per minute. Inlet air temperature was
41.degree. C. Particle size was monitored throughout the process.
When the portion of the particles less than 125 microns decreased
to less than 20% (approximately 175 kg of solution had been
sprayed), the spray rate was reduced to 1000 g/min. When the
portion of the particles less than 125 microns decreased to less
than 15% (approximately 235 kg of solution had been sprayed), the
spray rate was reduced to 800 g/minute. After all of the solution
was sprayed, the resulting coated particles were dried at a rotor
speed of 100 rpm until the product temperature reached 38.degree.
C. (3-5 minutes). The final dried batch weighed 155.7 kg (91%
yield). Total processing time was less than 6 hours.
[0052] The level of coating materials was 20% by weight of the
total finished coated particles. Approximately 75% of the finished
coated particles were between 150 and 420 microns in size. Greater
than 90% of the active ibuprofen was dissolved in 45 minutes in pH
7.2 phosphate buffer by USP paddle method at 50 rpm.
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