U.S. patent application number 10/585308 was filed with the patent office on 2007-08-16 for polyester different shrinkage combined filament yarn and process for its production.
This patent application is currently assigned to Teijin Fibers Limited. Invention is credited to Tsuyoshi Masuda, Hiroyuki Osaka.
Application Number | 20070186533 10/585308 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34805315 |
Filed Date | 2007-08-16 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070186533 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Masuda; Tsuyoshi ; et
al. |
August 16, 2007 |
Polyester different shrinkage combined filament yarn and process
for its production
Abstract
A polyester combined filament yarn composed of a self-extending
polyester multifilament yarn A and a heat-shrinkable polyester
multifilament yarn B, wherein the polyester multifilament yarn A
comprises a core portion and a plurality of fin portions protruding
in a radial fashion from the core portion along the lengthwise
direction of the core portion, and the following conditions (a) to
(c) arc simultaneously satisfied.
1/20.ltoreq.S.sub.B/S.sub.A.ltoreq.1/3 (a)
0.6.ltoreq.L.sub.B/D.sub.A.ltoreq.3.0 (b)
W.sub.B/D.sub.A.ltoreq.1/4 (c) (where S.sub.A represents the
cross-sectional area of the core portion, D.sub.A represents the
diameter of the core portion when the cross-section is a circle and
the circumscribed circle diameter when it is not a circle, and
S.sub.B, L.sub.B and W.sub.B represent the cross-sectional area,
maximum length and maximum width, respectively, of the fin
portions.)
Inventors: |
Masuda; Tsuyoshi; (Ehime,
JP) ; Osaka; Hiroyuki; (Ehime, JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SUGHRUE MION, PLLC
2100 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N.W.
SUITE 800
WASHINGTON
DC
20037
US
|
Assignee: |
Teijin Fibers Limited
Matsuyama Factory, 77, Kitayoshida-cho, Matsuyanna-shi,
Ehime
JP
791-8041
|
Family ID: |
34805315 |
Appl. No.: |
10/585308 |
Filed: |
December 27, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
December 27, 2004 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP04/19820 |
371 Date: |
July 6, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
57/210 |
Current CPC
Class: |
D02J 1/08 20130101; D01F
8/14 20130101; D02G 3/32 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
057/210 |
International
Class: |
D02G 3/36 20060101
D02G003/36 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 8, 2004 |
JP |
2004-002757 |
Claims
1. A polyester combined filament yarn composed of a self-extending
polyester multifilament yarn A and a heat-shrinkable polyester
multifilament yarn B, the polyester combined filament yarn being
characterized in that the polyester multifilament yarn A comprises
a core portion and a plurality of fin portions protruding in a
radial fashion from the core portion along the lengthwise direction
of the core portion, and in that the following conditions (a) to
(c) are simultaneously satisfied.
1/20.ltoreq.S.sub.B/S.sub.A.ltoreq.1/3 (a)
0.6.ltoreq.L.sub.B/D.sub.A.ltoreq.3.0 (b)
W.sub.B/D.sub.A.ltoreq.1/4 (c) (where S.sub.A represents the
cross-sectional area of the core portion, D.sub.A represents the
diameter of the core portion when the cross-section is a circle and
the circumscribed circle diameter when it is not a circle, and
S.sub.B, L.sub.B and W.sub.B represent the cross-sectional area,
maximum length and maximum width, respectively, of the fin
portions.)
2. A process for production of a polyester combined filament yarn
according to claim 1, characterized in that heat-shrinkable
polyester multifilament yarn B' is paralleled with multifilament
yarn A' which becomes the self-extending polyester multifilament
yarn A when subjected to relaxation heat treatment, and after
supplying them to an interlacing nozzle with an overfeed for
interlacing, heat relaxation treatment is carried out to impart a
self-extending property to the polyester multifilament yarn A',
prior to a second relaxation heat treatment with a non-contact
heater.
3. A process for production of a polyester combined filament yarn
according to claim 2, wherein the relaxation heat treatment for
imparting the self-extending property is carried out on a heated
roll at 100-130.degree. C.
4. A process for production of a polyester combined filament yarn
according to claim 2, wherein the polyester multifilament yarn A'
and polyester multifilament yarn B' are paralleled and supplied to
the interlacing nozzle at an overfeed rate of 1.0-1.5%.
5. A process for production of a polyester combined filament yarn
according to claim 4, wherein interlacing is introduced at 50-90/m
in the interlacing nozzle.
6. A process for production of a polyester co-lined filament yarn
according to claim 2, wherein the second relaxation heat treatment
is carried out at 210-240.degree. C. at an overfeed rate of
1.5-2.5%.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a polyester combined
filament yarn comprising self-extending polyester multifilament
yarn and heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn. More
specifically, the invention relates to polyester combined filament
yarn which is particularly suitable for obtaining fabrics
exhibiting a dry touch and high resiliency not found in the prior
art.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] Combined filament yarn, comprising self-extending polyester
multifilament yarn which extends with heat treatment and
heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn which shrinks with
heat treatment, becomes bulky with a soft and flexible feel when
subjected to heat treatment, and it is therefore widely used for
textile purposes.
[0003] Production of conventional polyester combined filament yarn
of this type is accomplished by using an air jet nozzle to combine
separately produced self-extending polyester multifilament yarn and
heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn, or by conducting
relaxation heat treatment of polyester multifilament yarn which
becomes self-extending by relaxation heat treatment, while
supplying heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn continuously
to the self-extending polyester multifilament yarn after the
relaxation heat treatment, for combination with an air jet nozzle
(for example, Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No.
1-250425).
[0004] When such polyester combined filament yarn is used, for
example, in a worsted fabric having a highly repulsive wool-like
touch, a non-contact heater such as a slit heater or pipe heater is
used for high-temperature second relaxation heat treatment of the
self-extending polyester multifilament yarn after the relaxation
heat treatment, and this is then combined with the heat-shrinkable
polyester multifilament yarn. Since the self-extending polyester
multifilament yarn sways inside the non-contact heater during the
second relaxation heat treatment and can therefore easily contact
with the heater, the leveling property is impaired and yarn
breakage tends to easily occur. A method for solving this problem
has been proposed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 3054059, for
example, wherein the polyester multifilament yarn which becomes
self-extending by relaxation heat treatment is pre-interlaced with
the heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn, prior to the
relaxation heat treatment.
[0005] However, while the polyester combined filament yarn obtained
by this method produces a soft and flexible feel, it does not yield
fabrics with an excellent dry touch and both softness and
resiliency.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] It is an object of the present invention to solve the
aforementioned problems of the prior art by providing a polyester
combined filament yarn comprising self-extending polyester
multifilament yarn and heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament
yarn, which is particularly suitable for obtaining fabrics
exhibiting a dry touch and high resiliency not found in the prior
art.
[0007] As a result of much diligent research directed toward
achieving the object stated above, the present inventors completed
the present invention after finding that if a polyester
multifilament yarn comprising a core portion and a plurality of fin
portions protruding in a radial fashion from the core portion along
the lengthwise direction of the core portion is used as the
polyester multifilament yarn which becomes self-extending with
heating, it is possible to obtain a polyester combined filament
yarn which is suitable for obtaining fabrics exhibiting a dry touch
and high resiliency not found in the prior art, and that if
relaxation heat treatment is carried out after interlacing of the
polyester multifilament yarn which becomes self-extending and the
heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn, the quality of the
resulting combined filament yarn is satisfactory.
[0008] In other words, the present invention provides a polyester
combined filament yarn composed of a self-extending polyester
multifilament yarn A and a heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament
yarn B, the polyester combined filament yarn being characterized in
that the polyester multifilament yarn A comprises a core portion
and a plurality of fin portions protruding in a radial fashion from
the core portion along the lengthwise direction of the core
portion, and in that the following conditions (a) to (c) are
simultaneously satisfied. 1/20.ltoreq.S.sub.B/S.sub.A.ltoreq.1/3
(a) 0.6.ltoreq.L.sub.B/D.sub.A.ltoreq.3.0 (b)
W.sub.B/D.sub.A.ltoreq.1/4 (c)
[0009] (where S.sub.A represents the cross-sectional area of the
core portion, D.sub.A represents the diameter of the core portion
when the cross-section is a circle and the circumscribed circle
diameter when it is not a circle, and S.sub.B, L.sub.B and W.sub.B
represent the cross-sectional area, maximum length and maximum
width, respectively, of the fin portions.)
[0010] According to the invention, there is further provided a
process for production of the aforementioned polyester combined
filament yarn characterized in that heat-shrinkable polyester
multifilament yarn B' is paralleled with multifilament yarn A'
which becomes the self-extending polyester multifilament yarn A
when subjected to relaxation heat treatment, and after supplying
them to an interlacing nozzle with an overfeed for interlacing,
heat relaxation treatment is carried out to impart a self-extending
property to the polyester multifilament yarn A', prior to a second
relaxation heat treatment with a non-contact heater.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of a
lateral cross-section of polyester multifilament yarn A according
to the invention.
[0012] FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing an example of a process
for production of polyester combined filament yarn according to the
invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0013] The polyester used for the invention is a polyester having
ethylene terephthalate as the main repeating unit, and for improved
dyeing, piling resistance and heat shrinkage properties, it may
also include copolymerization of a small amount (normally no
greater than 15 mole percent and preferably no greater than 10 mole
percent) of a third component. Another polymer may further be
combined therewith in a small amount (normally no greater than 10
wt % with respect to the polyester). In addition, there may be
included additives such as electrostatic agents, delustering
agents, ultraviolet absorbers, dyeing improvers and the like.
[0014] The polyester combined filament yarn of the invention is
composed of a self-extending polyester multifilament yarn A and a
heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn B, and the
self-extending polyester multifilament yarn A and heat-shrinkable
polyester multifilament yarn B may be made of the same polyester or
of polyesters with different types and amounts of copolymerizing
components, combined polymers, additives or the like. Preferred is
a combined filament yarn wherein the self-extending polyester
multifilament yarn is made of polyethylene terephthalate and the
heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn is made of
polyethylene terephthalate copolymerized with about 5-15 mole
percent of, for example, an isophthalic acid component as a third
component (based on the total acid component).
[0015] The self-extending polyester multifilament yarn A used for
the invention may be obtained by relaxation heat treatment of
unstretched polyester filament spun at a relatively high spinning
speed of about 2000-5000 m/min (usually referred to as partially
oriented yarn, POY), or of low-oriented unstretched polyester yarn
or partially oriented yarn stretched to a low factor, and spun at a
spinning speed of about 1000 m/min. For example, there may be
mentioned a method of stretching low-oriented unstretched polyester
yarn at a low factor and then subjecting it to shrinkage treatment
of 20% or greater at a temperature of 90.degree. C. or below, a
method of stretching partially oriented yarn with a birefringence
of 0.02-0.08 at a temperature of no greater than (glass transition
temperature +20.degree. C.), and then subjecting it to relaxation
heat treatment, a method of low temperature stretching of polyester
partially oriented yarn (POY) with a birefringence (An) of 0.03 or
greater which has been spun at a spinning speed of 1500-4500 m/min
and then subjecting it to relaxation heat treatment, or a method of
stretching partially oriented yarn in a range from the secondary
transition temperature (Tg) to Tg+20.degree. C. and then subjecting
it to relaxation heat treatment to a shrinkage rate of 20% or
greater.
[0016] Thus, the polyester multifilament yarn A' used for
production of the polyester combined filament yarn of the invention
is polyester multifilament yarn in a state prior to relaxation heat
treatment to impart the self-extending property, and specifically,
it is partially oriented yarn (POY) or yarn stretched to a low
factor.
[0017] According to the invention, the self-extending polyester
multifilament yarn A described above is polyester multifilament
yarn comprising a core portion and a plurality of fin portions
protruding in a radial fashion from the core portion along the
lengthwise direction of the core portion, and it is important for
it to simultaneously satisfy the following conditions (a) to (c):
1/20.ltoreq.S.sub.B/S.sub.A.ltoreq.1/3 (a)
0.6.ltoreq.L.sub.B/D.sub.A.ltoreq.3.0 (b)
W.sub.B/D.sub.A.ltoreq.1/4 (c) where S.sub.A and D.sub.A represent,
respectively, the cross-sectional area and diameter (the
circumscribed circle diameter when the core portion is not a
circle) of the core portion, and S.sub.B, L.sub.B and W.sub.B
represent, respectively, the cross-sectional area, maximum length
and maximum width of each fin portion, as shown in FIG. 1.
[0018] If 1/20>S.sub.B/S.sub.A or 1/3<S.sub.B/S.sub.A, i.e.
if fin portions are present having a cross-sectional area which is
smaller than 1/20 or larger than 1/3 of the cross-sectional area of
the core portion, the dry touch feel of the obtained combined
filament yarn will be inadequate.
[0019] If 0.6>L.sub.B/D.sub.A, i.e. if fin portions are present
having a maximum length less than 0.6 times the diameter of the
core portion, the dry touch feel of the obtained combined filament
yarn will be inadequate, while if 3.0<L.sub.B/D.sub.A, i.e. if
fin portions are present having a maximum length greater than 3.0
times the diameter of the core portion, the fin portions will tend
to fold so that only a coarse feel will be obtained, and the
leveling property will be impaired.
[0020] If W.sub.B/D.sub.A>1/4, i.e. if fin portions are present
having a maximum width greater than 1/4 of the diameter of the core
portion, the resulting combined filament yarn will not exhibit a
soft feel.
[0021] A smaller maximum width of the fin portions will result in a
softer feel, but if it is too small, problems may be encountered
such as bending of the fin portions or impairment of the leveling
property, and therefore the minimum value of W.sub.B/D.sub.A is
preferably about 1/8.
[0022] On the other hand, the heat-shrinkable polyester
multifilament yarn B is preferably polyester multifilament
stretched yarn having a boiling water shrinkage of 8.0% or greater,
and more preferably, it is polyester multifilament stretched yarn
having a boiling water shrinkage of 10-16%. An example of such
heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn is non-heat-set
polyester multifilament stretched yarn, and multifilament stretched
yarn comprising a polyester copolymerized with about 5-15 mole
percent of a third component such as isophthalic acid.
[0023] In the polyester combined filament yarn of the invention,
the self-extending polyester multifilament yarn A is situated
relatively on the outer side of the combined filament yarn while
the heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn B is situated
relatively on the inner side of the combined filament yarn, and
therefore in order to achieve an enhanced feel of the combined
filament yarn, the single fiber size of the polyester multifilament
yarn A is 2-9 dtex and the single fiber size of the heat-shrinkable
polyester multifilament yarn B is 3-11 dtex, with the former being
preferably smaller than the latter. From the standpoint of
deep-dyeing and swelling, the combining ratio of the self-extending
polyester multifilament yarn A and heat-shrinkable polyester
multifilament yarn B is preferably in a range of 8:2 to 5:5 as the
weight ratio of A:B.
[0024] The combined filament yarn of the invention described above
may be stably produced with low yarn breakage and satisfactory
quality by the following method, for example. Specifically, the
apparatus shown in FIG. 2 may be used for paralleling of the
polyester multifilament yarn A' which exhibits a self-extending
property upon relaxation heat treatment and the heat-shrinkable
polyester multifilament yarn B', where they are interlaced at an
overfeed using an interlacing nozzle 3 provided between a supply
roll 1 and a first take-up roll (heated roll) 2.
[0025] In FIG. 2, since the first take-up roll 2 is heated and the
polyester multifilament yarns A',B' are at an overfeed between the
supply roll 1 and the first take-up roll 2, the polyester
multifilament yarn A' wound around the first take-up roll 2
undergoes relaxation heat treatment on the roll, thus being
imparted with a self-extending property. Next, a non-contact heater
5 provided between the first take-up roll 2 and a second take-up
roll 4 is used for heat setting by second relaxation heat
treatment, prior to winding onto a package 6.
[0026] The preferred number of interlaces is 50-90/m during
interlacing of the polyester multifilament yarn A' and
heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn B', and therefore the
overfeed rate will be suitably 1.0-1.5% in most cases.
[0027] As in the instance described above, it is preferred for the
first take-up roll 2 to be heated for the self-extending
property-imparting relaxation heat treatment, in order to render
the apparatus more compact; however, when the overfeed rate
(relaxation factor) required to impart the self-extending property
by relaxation heat treatment is greater than the overfeed rate
appropriate for interlacing with the interlacing nozzle 3, another
take-up roll may be provided downstream from the first take-up roll
2 for a prescribed relaxation heat treatment between the take-up
rolls. When the first take-up roll 2 is a heating roll, the heat
treatment may be carried out with a prescribed overfeed rate
(relaxation factor) on the roll, by making the diameter at the
filament output end smaller than the diameter at the filament input
end of the roll 2.
[0028] The temperature and overfeed rate (relaxation factor) during
the relaxation heat treatment for imparting the self-extending
property to the polyester multifilament yarn A' will differ
depending on the type of yarn used as the polyester multifilament
yarn A', but when partially oriented yarn (POY) spun at a spinning
speed of, for example, 2000-3500 m/min and preferably 2500-3500
m/min, is used for relaxation heat treatment on the first take-up
roll (heated roll) 2, the roll surface temperature is preferably
100-130.degree. C. and the overfeed rate (relaxation factor) is
preferably 1.0-1.5%.
[0029] The second relaxation heat treatment with the non-contact
heater 5 is heat setting treatment in order to impart properties to
the polyester combined filament yarn which are suitable for worsted
fabrics with a high-resiliency wool-like touch, and it is
preferably treatment at 210-240.degree. C. at an overfeed rate of
1.5-2.5%, while the treatment time will normally be 0.01-0.30
seconds The boiling water shrinkage of the obtained polyester
combined filament yarn will normally be about 5-13%. The
non-contact heater 5 used may be a slit heater, pipe heater or the
like.
[0030] In the method described above, the interlacing of the
polyester multifilament yarn A' which exhibits a self-extending
property upon relaxation heat treatment and the heat-shrinkable
polyester multifilament yarn B' must be followed by relaxation heat
treatment to impart the self-extending property to the
multifilament yarn A', and this eliminates the possibility of
contact of the filaments with the non-contact heater 5 during
second relaxation heat treatment, so that a polyester combined
filament yarn with a satisfactory leveling property can be stably
produced while generating low yarn breakage. It is not preferred to
use a method in which the polyester multifilament yarn A' is
subjected to relaxation heat treatment by itself to produce a
self-extending polyester multifilament yarn which is then heat set
by a second relaxation heat treatment, followed by interlacing with
heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn B to produce polyester
combined filament yarn, since the filaments can contact with the
non-contact heater during the second relaxation heat treatment with
the non-contact heater, resulting in dyeing spots and more yarn
breakage.
EXAMPLES
[0031] Examples will now be provided for a more detailed
explanation of the construction and effect of the invention.
Example 1
[0032] Polyethylene terephthalate with an intrinsic viscosity of
0.62 was melted by an ordinary method and spun at a spinning speed
of 3000 m/min to obtain 84 dtex/24 filament (single fiber size: 3.3
dtex) polyester partially oriented yarn (POY) (polyester
multifilament yarn A'). The S.sub.B/S.sub.A, L.sub.B/D.sub.A and
W.sub.B/D.sub.A of the polyester multifilament were as shown Inl
Table 1.
[0033] Separately, a polyethylene terephthalate-isophthalate
copolymer polyester with an intrinsic viscosity of 0.64 (10.0 mole
percent copolymerization of isophthalic acid) was melted at
280.degree. C. and spun at a spinning speed of 1450 m/min to obtain
an unstretched yarn, which was then stretched to a factor of 2.9 at
87.degree. C. to obtain a 56 dtex/12 filament (single fiber size:
4.7 dtex) heat-shrinkable polyester yarn with a boiling water
shrinkage of 15% (heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn
B').
[0034] The polyester multifilament yarn A' and heat-shrinkable
polyester multifilament yarn B' were used to produce polyester
combined filament yarn with the apparatus shown in FIG. 2.
Specifically, both polyester multifilament yarns A' and B' were
paralleled and supplied to an interlacing nozzle 3 situated between
a supply roll 1 and a first take-up roll (heated roll with a
surface temperature of 120.degree. C.) 2, at a speed of 600 m/min
with a 1.2% overfeed rate, for interlacing by a pressure of 196 kPa
(2.0 kg/cm.sup.2) to produce an interlace of 65/m.
[0035] Next, the yarn was wound 8 times around the heated roll 2 at
a surface temperature of 120.degree. C. while maintaining the 1.2%
overfeed rate, and subjected to relaxation heat treatment to impart
a self-extending property to the polyester multifilament yarn A'. A
slit heater 5 provided between the heated roll 2 and a second
take-up roll 4 was then used for second relaxation heat treatment
at 230.degree. C. with an overfeed of 2.0% for a period of 0.05
second to accomplish heat setting, and after winding twice onto a
second take-up roll (cold roll) 4, it was wound up onto a package
6. During production of the polyester combined filament yarn, no
contact of the yarn with the slit heater 5 was observed, and the
yarn breakage was only once per spindle per day. The obtained
combined filament yarn was woven into a plain weave with 60
strands/cm warp and 35 strands/cm weft, and then dyed black by
ordinary dyeing at 135.degree. C. for 60 minutes. The obtained dyed
fabric exhibited a bulky feel with a dry touch and high resiliency
not found in the prior art.
[0036] The feel of the fabric was organoleptically evaluated based
on the dry touch, soft feel and high resiliency property on an
overall 4-level scale from A (very good) to D (poor).
Examples 2 and 3
[0037] Polyester combined filament yarn was obtained in the same
manner as Example 1, except that the polyester multifilament yarn
A' used in Example 1 was changed to each of the ones shown in Table
1. The fabric feel, leveling property and extending property were
all satisfactory, as shown in Table 1.
Example 4
[0038] In Example 1, the polyester multifilament yarn A' was
subjected to relaxation heat treatment alone on a heated roll with
a 120.degree. C. surface temperature at a 1.2% overfeed rate to
impart a self-extending property, and then a 230.degree. C. slit
heater was used for second relaxation heat treatment for 0.05
second at a 2.0% overfeed rate, for heat setting. Next, the
obtained self-extending polyester multifilament yarn A was
paralleled with the heat-shrinkable polyester multifilament yarn B'
and an interlacing nozzle was used for interlacing treatment under
the same conditions as Example 1. During the second relaxation heat
treatment of the polyester multifilament yarn A' in this case, the
yarn often swayed and contacted the slit heater, while the number
of yarn breaks reached 20 per day per spindle. When the obtained
combined filament yarn was woven and dyed in the same manner as
Example 1, the fabric had a satisfactory feel but exhibited dyeing
spots.
Comparative Example 1
[0039] A polyester combined filament yarn was obtained in the same
manner as Example 1, except that the polyester multifilament yarn
A' used in Example 1 was one with a round cross-section. The
leveling propei-y and extending property were satisfactory, but the
fabric had absolutely no dry feel, and therefore the desired fabric
feel was not obtained. TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Number Fabric
Leveling Extending of fins S.sub.B/S.sub.A L.sub.B/D.sub.A
W.sub.B/D.sub.A feel property property Example 1 4 1/4 1.0 1/5 A
good satisfactory Example 2 4 1/3 1.5 1/4 A good satisfactory
Example 3 6 1/4 0.8 1/5 B good satisfactory Example 4 4 1/4 1.0 1/5
A poor unsatisfactory Comparative 0 -- -- -- D good satisfactory
Example 1
[0040] The polyester combined filament yarn of the invention is
suitable for obtaining fabrics exhibiting a dry touch and high
resiliency not found in the prior art, while being resistant to
yarn breakage and having an excellent leveling property, and may
therefore be utilized for a wide variety of fabric purposes.
* * * * *