U.S. patent application number 10/757909 was filed with the patent office on 2007-07-12 for fatty acid desaturases and mutant sequences thereof.
Invention is credited to Lorin R. DeBonte, Zhegong Fan, Guo-Hua Miao.
Application Number | 20070163002 10/757909 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 27075713 |
Filed Date | 2007-07-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070163002 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
DeBonte; Lorin R. ; et
al. |
July 12, 2007 |
Fatty acid desaturases and mutant sequences thereof
Abstract
Seeds, plants and oils are provided having high oleic acid; low
linoleic acid; and low linoleic acid plus linolenic acid; and
advantageous functional or nutritional properties. Plants are
disclosed that contain a mutation in a delta-12 or delta-15 fatty
acid desaturase gene. Preferred plants are rapeseed and sunflower
plants. Plants carrying such mutant genes have altered fatty acid
composition in seeds. In one embodiment, a plant contains a
mutation in a region having the conserved motif
His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-His, found in delta-12 and delta-15 fatty acid
desaturases. A preferred motif has the sequence
His-Glu-Cys-Gly-His. A preferred mutation in this motif has the
amino acid sequence His-Lys-Cys-Gly-His. Nucleic acid fragments are
disclosed that comprise a mutant delta-12 or delta-15 fatty acid
desaturase gene sequence.
Inventors: |
DeBonte; Lorin R.; (Ft.
Collins, CO) ; Fan; Zhegong; (Colorado Springs,
CO) ; Miao; Guo-Hua; (Johnston, IA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Ronald C. Lundquist, Ph.D.;Fish & Richardson, P.C. P.A.
60 South Sixth Street
Suite 3300
Minneapolis
MN
55402
US
|
Family ID: |
27075713 |
Appl. No.: |
10/757909 |
Filed: |
January 15, 2004 |
Related U.S. Patent Documents
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Application
Number |
Filing Date |
Patent Number |
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08874109 |
Jun 12, 1997 |
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10757909 |
Jan 15, 2004 |
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PCT/US96/20090 |
Dec 13, 1996 |
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08874109 |
Jun 12, 1997 |
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08572027 |
Dec 14, 1995 |
7135614 |
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PCT/US96/20090 |
Dec 13, 1996 |
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Current U.S.
Class: |
800/281 ;
435/190; 536/23.2; 800/306; 800/322 |
Current CPC
Class: |
C07C 53/126 20130101;
C07C 57/02 20130101; C07C 57/03 20130101; C12N 9/0083 20130101;
C12N 15/8247 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
800/281 ;
536/023.2; 800/306; 800/322; 435/190 |
International
Class: |
A01H 5/00 20060101
A01H005/00; C07H 21/04 20060101 C07H021/04; C12N 9/04 20060101
C12N009/04; C12N 15/82 20060101 C12N015/82 |
Claims
1-34. (canceled)
35. An isolated nucleic acid fragment comprising a sequence of at
least about 20 nucleotides from a Brassicaceae delta-15 fatty acid
desaturase gene having at least one mutation, wherein said at least
one mutation is effective for increasing levels of oleic acid in
Brassicaceae seeds and wherein said sequence includes said at least
one mutation.
36. The nucleic acid fragment of claim 35, wherein said sequence
comprises a full-length coding sequence of said gene.
37. The nucleic acid fragment of claim 35, wherein said mutant
desaturase gene encodes a microsomal gene product.
38. The nucleic acid fragment of claim 35, wherein said at least
one mutation comprises a mutation in a region of said desaturase
gene encoding a His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-His amino acid motif.
39. The nucleic acid fragment of claim 38, wherein said at least
one mutation comprises a non-conservative amino acid substitution
in said region.
40. The nucleic acid fragment of claim 39, wherein said motif
comprises the sequence His-Asp-Cys-Gly-His.
41. The nucleic acid fragment of claim 40, wherein said at least
one mutation comprises the sequence His-Lys-Cys-Gly-His.
42. The nucleic acid fragment of claim 35, wherein said mutant
desaturase gene is from a Brassica napus plant.
43. A Brassicaceae plant containing a sequence of at least 20
nucleotides from a delta-15 fatty acid desaturase gene having at
least one mutation, said at least one mutation in a region encoding
a His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-His amino acid motif and wherein said mutation
confers an altered fatty acid composition in seeds of said
plant.
44. The plant of claim 43, wherein said plant contains a
full-length coding sequence of said mutant gene.
45. The plant of claim 43, wherein said mutation confers a
decreased level of .alpha.-linolenic acid in said seeds.
46. The plant of claim 43, wherein said mutant desaturase gene
encodes a microsomal gene product.
47. The plant of claim 43, wherein said at least one mutation
comprises a non-conservative amino acid substitution in said
region.
48. The plant of claim 47, wherein said motif comprises the
sequence His-Asp-Cys-Gly-His.
49. The plant of claim 48, wherein said at least one mutation
comprises the sequence His-Lys-Cys-Gly-His.
50. The plant of claim 43, wherein said mutant desaturase gene is
from a Brassica napus plant.
51. The plant of claim 43, wherein said plant is a Brassica napus
plant.
52. A Brassicaceae plant containing: a) a sequence of at least 20
nucleotides from a delta-15 fatty acid desaturase gene having at
least one mutation, said at least one delta-15 gene mutation in a
region encoding a His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-His amino acid motif; b) a
sequence of at least 20 nucleotides from a delta-12 fatty acid
desaturase gene having at least one mutation, said at least one
delta-12 gene mutation in a region encoding a His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-His
amino acid motif; and c) said delta-15 gene mutation and said
delta-12 gene mutation conferring an altered fatty acid composition
in seeds of said plant.
53. The plant of claim 52, wherein said mutant genes confer a
decreased level of .alpha.-linolenic acid in said seeds.
54. A vegetable oil extracted from seeds produced by the plant of
claim 43.
55. The oil of claim 54, wherein, following crushing of said seeds
and extraction of said oil, said seeds said oil has from about 0.5%
to about 10.0% .alpha.-linolenic acid based on total fatty acid
composition.
56. A vegetable oil extracted from seeds produced by the plant of
claim 52.
57. A vegetable oil extracted from seeds produced by the plant of
claim 53.
58. A method for producing a Brassicaceae plant line, comprising
the steps of: a) inducing mutagenesis in cells of a starting
variety of a Brassicaceae species; b) obtaining progeny plants from
said cells; c) identifying at least one of said progeny plants that
contains a delta-15 fatty acid desaturase gene having at least one
mutation, said at least one mutation in a region encoding a
His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-His amino acid motif; d) producing said plant line
from said at least one progeny plant by self-pollination for at
least three additional generations.
59. The method of claim 58, wherein said identifying step comprises
a technique selected from the group consisting of: PCR, 3SR, and
direct polynucleotide sequencing.
Description
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
[0001] This application is a continuation-in-part of PCT
application Ser. No. PCT/US96/20090, filed Dec. 13, 1996, which is
a continuation-in-part of U.S. application Ser. No. 08/572,027,
filed Dec. 14, 1995.
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0002] This invention relates to fatty acid desaturases and nucleic
acids encoding desaturase proteins. More particularly, the
invention relates to nucleic acids encoding delta-12 and delta-15
fatty acid desaturase proteins that affect fatty acid composition
in plants, polypeptides produced from such nucleic acids and plants
expressing such nucleic acids.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0003] Many breeding studies have been conducted to improve the
fatty acid profile of Brassica varieties. Pleines and Freidt, Fat
Sci. Technol., 90(5), 167-171 (1988) describe plant lines with
reduced C.sub.18:3 levels (2.5-5.8%) combined with high oleic
content (73-79%). Rakow and McGregor, J. Amer. Oil Chem. Soc., 50,
400-403 (Oct. 1973) discuss problems associated with selecting
mutants for linoleic and linolenic acids. In. Can. J. Plant Sci.,
68, 509-511 (Apr. 1988) Stellar summer rape producing seed oil with
3% linolenic acid and 28% linoleic acid is disclosed. Roy and Tarr,
Z. Pflanzenzuchtg, 95(3), 201-209 (1985) teaches transfer of genes
through an interspecific cross from Brassica juncea into Brassica
napus resulting in a reconstituted line combining high linoleic
with low linolenic acid content. Roy and Tarr, Plant Breeding, 98,
89-96 (1987) discuss prospects for development of B. napus L.
having improved linolenic and linolenic acid content. European
Patent application 323,753 published Jul. 12, 1989 discloses seeds
and oils having greater than 79% oleic acid combined with less than
3.5% linolenic acid. Canvin, Can. J. Botany, 43, 63-69 (1965)
discusses the effect of temperature on the fatty acid composition
of oils from several seed crops including rapeseed.
[0004] Mutations typically are induced with extremely high doses of
radiation and/or chemical mutagens (Gaul, H. Radiation Botany
(1964) 4:155-232). High dose levels which exceed LD50, and
typically reach LD90, led to maximum achievable mutation rates. In
mutation breeding of Brassica varieties high levels of chemical
mutagens alone or combined with radiation have induced a limited
number of fatty acid mutations (Rakow, G. Z. Pflanzenzuchtg (1973)
69:62-82). The low .alpha.-linolenic acid mutation derived from the
Rakow mutation breeding program did not have direct commercial
application because of low seed yield. The first commercial
cultivar using the low .alpha.-linolenic acid mutation derived in
1973 was released in 1988 as the variety Stellar (Scarth, R. et
al., Can. J. Plant Sci. (1988) 68:509-511). Stellar was 20% lower
yielding than commercial cultivars at the time of its release.
[0005] Alterations in fatty acid composition of vegetable oils is
desirable for meeting specific food and industrial uses. For
example, Brassica varieties with increased monounsaturate levels
(oleic acid) in the seed oil, and products derived from such oil,
would improve lipid nutrition. Canola lines which are low in
polyunsaturated fatty acids and high in oleic acid tend to have
higher oxidative stability, which is a useful trait for the retail
food industry.
[0006] Delta-12 fatty acid desaturase (also known as oleic
desaturase) is involved in the enzymatic conversion of oleic acid
to linoleic acid. Delta-15 fatty acid desaturase (also known as
linoleic acid desaturase) is involved in the enzymatic conversion
of linoleic acid to .alpha.-linolenic acid. A microsomal delta-12
desaturase has been cloned and characterized using T-DNA tagging.
Okuley, et al., Plant Cell 6:147-158 (1994). The nucleotide
sequences of higher plant genes encoding microsomal delta-12 fatty
acid desaturase are described in Lightner et al., WO94/11516.
Sequences of higher plant genes encoding microsomal and plastid
delta-15 fatty acid desaturases are disclosed in Yadav, N., et al.,
Plant Physiol., 103:467-476 (1993), WO 93/11245 and Arondel, V. et
al., Science, 258:1353-1355 (1992). However, there are no teachings
that disclose mutations in delta-12 or delta-15 fatty acid
desaturase coding sequences from plants. There is a need in the art
for more efficient methods to develop plant lines that contain
delta-12 or delta-15 fatty acid desaturase gene sequence mutations
effective for altering the fatty acid composition of seeds.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The invention comprises Brassicaceae or Helianthus seeds,
plants and plant lines having at least one mutation that controls
the levels of unsaturated fatty acids in plants. One embodiment of
the invention is an isolated nucleic acid fragment comprising a
nucleotide sequence encoding a mutation from a mutant delta-12
fatty acid desaturase conferring altered fatty composition in seeds
when the fragment is present in a plant. A preferred sequence
comprises a mutant sequence as shown in FIG. 2. Another embodiment
of the invention is an isolated nucleic acid fragment comprising a
nucleotide sequence encoding a mutation from a mutant delta-15
fatty acid desaturase. A plant in this embodiment may be soybean,
oilseed Brassica species, sunflower, castor bean or corn. The
mutant sequence may be derived from, for example, a Brassica napus,
Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea or Helianthus delta-12 or delta-15
desaturase gene.
[0008] Another embodiment of the invention involves a method of
producing a Brassicaceae or Helianthus plant line comprising the
steps of: (a) inducing mutagenesis in cells of a starting variety
of a Brassicaceae or Helianthus species; (b) obtaining progeny
plants from the mutagenized cells; (c) identifying progeny plants
that contain a mutation in a delta-12 or delta-15 fatty acid
desaturase gene; and (d) producing a plant line by selfing or
crossing. The resulting plant line may be subjected to mutagenesis
in order to obtain a line having both a delta-12 desaturase
mutation and a delta-15 desaturase mutation.
[0009] Yet another embodiment of the invention involves a method of
producing plant lines containing altered fatty acid composition
comprising: (a) crossing a first plant with a second plant having a
mutant delta-12 or delta-15 fatty acid desaturase; (b) obtaining
seeds from the cross of step (a); (c) growing fertile plants from
such seeds; (d) obtaining progeny seed from the plants of step (c);
and (e) identifying those seeds among the progeny that have altered
fatty acid composition. Suitable plants are soybean, rapeseed,
sunflower, safflower, castor bean and corn. Preferred plants are
rapeseed and sunflower.
[0010] The invention is also embodied in vegetable oil obtained
from plants disclosed herein, which vegetable oil has an altered
fatty acid composition.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEQUENCE LISTING
[0011] SEQ ID NO:1 shows a hypothetical DNA sequence of a Brassica
Fad2 gene. SEQ ID NO:2 is the deduced amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:1.
[0012] SEQ ID NO:3 shows a hypothetical DNA sequence of a Brassica
Fad2 gene having a mutation at nucleotide 316. SEQ ID NO:4 is the
deduced amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:3.
[0013] SEQ ID NO:5 shows a hypothetical DNA sequence of a Brassica
Fad2 gene. SEQ ID NO:6 is the deduced amino acid sequence of SEQ ID
NO:5.
[0014] SEQ ID NO:7 shows a hypothetical DNA sequence of a Brassica
Fad2 gene having a mutation at nucleotide 515. SEQ ID NO:8 is the
deduced amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO:7.
[0015] SEQ ID NO:9 shows the DNA sequence for the coding region of
a wild type Brassica Fad2-D gene. SEQ ID NO:10 is the deduced amino
acid sequence for SEQ ID NO:9.
[0016] SEQ ID NO:11 shows the DNA sequence for the coding region of
the IMC 129 mutant Brassica Fad2-D gene. SEQ ID NO:12 is the
deduced amino acid sequence for SEQ ID NO:11.
[0017] SEQ ID NO:13 shows the DNA sequence for the coding region of
a wild type Brassica Fad2-F gene. SEQ ID NO:14 is the deduced amino
acid sequence for SEQ ID NO:13.
[0018] SEQ ID NO:15 shows the DNA sequence for the coding region of
the Q508 mutant Brassica Fad2-F gene. SEQ ID NO:16 is the deduced
amino acid sequence for SEQ ID NO:15.
[0019] SEQ ID NO:17 shows the DNA sequence for the coding region of
the Q4275 mutant Brassica Fad2-F gene. SEQ ID NO:18 is the deduced
amino acid sequence for SEQ ID NO:17.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES
[0020] FIG. 1 is a histogram showing the frequency distribution of
seed oil oleic acid (C.sub.18:1) content in a segregating
population of a Q508 X Westar cross. The bar labeled WSGA 1A
represents the C.sub.18:1 content of the Westar parent. The bar
labeled Q508 represents the C.sub.18:1 content of the Q508
parent.
[0021] FIG. 2 shows the nucleotide sequences for a Brassica Fad2-D
wild type gene (Fad2-D wt), IMC129 mutant gene (Fad2-D GA316
IMC129), Fad2-F wild type gene (Fad2-F wt), Q508 mutant gene
(Fad2-F TA515 Q508) and Q4275 mutant gene (Fad2-F GA908 Q4275).
[0022] FIG. 3 shows the deduced amino acid sequences for the
polynucleotides of FIG. 2.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0023] All percent fatty acids herein are percent by weight of the
oil of which the fatty acid is a component.
[0024] As used herein, a "line" is a group of plants that display
little or no genetic variation between individuals for at least one
trait. Such lines may be created by several generations of
self-pollination and selection, or vegetative propagation from a
single parent using tissue or cell culture techniques. As used
herein, the term "variety" refers to a line which is used for
commercial production.
[0025] The term "mutagenesis" refers to the use of a mutagenic
agent to induce random genetic mutations within a population of
individuals. The treated population, or a subsequent generation of
that population, is then screened for usable trait(s) that result
from the mutations. A "population" is any group of individuals that
share a common gene pool. As used herein "M.sub.0" is untreated
seed. As used herein, "M.sub.1" is the seed (and resulting plants)
exposed to a mutagenic agent, while "M.sub.2" is the progeny (seeds
and plants) of self-pollinated M.sub.1 plants, "M.sub.3" is the
progeny of self-pollinated M.sub.2 plants, and "M.sub.4" is the
progeny of self-pollinated M.sub.3 plants. "M.sub.5" is the progeny
of self-pollinated M.sub.4 plants. "M.sub.6", "M.sub.7", etc. are
each the progeny of self-pollinated plants of the previous
generation. The term "selfed" as used herein means
self-pollinated.
[0026] "Stability" or "stable" as used herein means that with
respect to a given fatty acid component, the component is
maintained from generation to generation for at least two
generations and preferably at least three generations at
substantially the same level, e.g., preferably .+-.5%. The method
of invention is capable of creating lines with improved fatty acid
compositions stable up to .+-.5% from generation to generation. The
above stability may be affected by temperature, location, stress
and time of planting. Thus, comparison of fatty acid profiles
should be made from seeds produced under similar growing
conditions. Stability may be measured based on knowledge of prior
generation.
[0027] Intensive breeding has produced Brassica plants whose seed
oil contains less than 2% erucic acid. The same varieties have also
been bred so that the defatted meal contains less than 30 .mu.mol
glucosinolates/gram. "Canola" as used herein refers to plant
variety seed or oil which contains less than 2% erucic acid
(C.sub.22:1), and meal with less than 30 .mu.mol
glucosinolates/gram.
[0028] Applicants have discovered plants with mutations in a
delta-12 fatty acid desaturase gene. Such plants have useful
alterations in the fatty acid compositions of the seed oil. Such
mutations confer, for example, an elevated oleic acid content, a
decreased, stabilized linoleic acid content, or both elevated oleic
acid and decreased, stabilized linoleic acid content.
[0029] Applicants have further discovered plants with mutations in
a delta-15 fatty acid desaturase gene. Such plants have useful
alterations in the fatty acid composition of the seed oil, e.g., a
decreased, stabilized level of .alpha.-linolenic acid.
[0030] Applicants have further discovered isolated nucleic acid
fragments (polynucleotides) comprising sequences that carry
mutations within the coding sequence of delta-12 or delta-15 fatty
acid desaturases. The mutations confer desirable alterations in
fatty acid levels in the seed oil of plants carrying such
mutations. Delta-12 fatty acid desaturase is also known as omega-6
fatty acid desaturase and is sometimes referred to herein as Fad2
or 12-DES. Delta-15 fatty acid desaturase is also known on omega-3
fatty acid desaturase and is sometimes referred to herein as Fad3
or 15-DES.
[0031] A nucleic acid fragment of the invention may be in the form
of RNA or in the form of DNA, including cDNA, synthetic DNA or
genomic DNA. The DNA may be double-stranded or single-stranded, and
if single-stranded, can be either the coding strand or non-coding
strand. An RNA analog may be, for example, mRNA or a combination of
ribo- and deoxyribonucleotides. Illustrative examples of a nucleic
acid fragment of the invention are the mutant sequences shown in
FIG. 3.
[0032] A nucleic acid fragment of the invention contains a mutation
in a microsomal delta-12 fatty acid desaturase coding sequence or a
mutation in a microsomal delta-15 fatty acid desaturase coding
sequence. Such a mutation renders the resulting desaturase gene
product non-functional in plants, relative to the function of the
gene product encoded by the wild-type sequence. The
non-functionality of the delta-12 desaturase gene product can be
inferred from the decreased level of reaction product (linoleic
acid) and increased level of substrate (oleic acid) in plant
tissues expressing the mutant sequence, compared to the
corresponding levels in plant tissues expressing the wild-type
sequence. The non-functionality of the delta-15 desaturase gene
product can be inferred from the decreased level of reaction
product (.alpha.-linolenic acid) and the increased level of
substrate (linoleic acid) in plant tissues expressing the mutant
sequence, compared to the corresponding levels in plant tissues
expressing the wild-type sequence.
[0033] A nucleic acid fragment of the invention may comprise a
portion of the coding sequence, e.g., at least about 10
nucleotides, provided that the fragment contains at least one
mutation in the coding sequence. The length of a desired fragment
depends upon the purpose for which the fragment will be used, e.g.,
PCR primer, site-directed mutagenesis and the like. In one
embodiment, a nucleic acid fragment of the invention comprises the
full length coding sequence of a mutant delta-12 or mutant delta-15
fatty acid desaturase, e.g., the mutant sequences of FIG. 3. In
other embodiments, a nucleic acid fragment is about 20 to about 50
nucleotides (or base pairs, bp), or about 50 to about 500
nucleotides, or about 500 to about 1200 nucleotides in length.
[0034] A mutation in a nucleic acid fragment of the invention may
be in any portion of the coding sequence that renders the resulting
gene product non-functional. Suitable types of mutations include,
without limitation, insertions of nucleotides, deletions of
nucleotides, or transitions and transversions in the wild-type
coding sequence. Such mutations result in insertions of one or more
amino acids, deletions of one or more amino acids, and
non-conservative amino acid substitutions in the corresponding gene
product. In some embodiments, the sequence of a nucleic acid
fragment may comprise more than one mutation or more than one type
of mutation.
[0035] Insertion or deletion of amino acids in a coding sequence
may, for example, disrupt the conformation of essential
alpha-helical or beta-pleated sheet regions of the resulting gene
product. Amino acid insertions or deletions may also disrupt
binding or catalytic sites important for gene product activity. It
is known in the art that the insertion or deletion of a larger
number of contiguous amino acids is more likely to render the gene
product non-functional, compared to a smaller number of inserted or
deleted amino acids.
[0036] Non-conservative amino acid substitutions may replace an
amino acid of one class with an amino acid of a different class.
Non-conservative substitutions may make a substantial change in the
charge or hydrophobicity of the gene product. Non-conservative
amino acid substitutions may also make a substantial change in the
bulk of the residue side chain, e.g., substituting an alanyl
residue for a isoleucyl residue.
[0037] Examples of non-conservative substitutions include the
substitution of a basic amino acid for a non-polar amino acid, or a
polar amino acid for an acidic amino acid. Because there are only
20 amino acids encoded in a gene, substitutions that result in a
non-functional gene product may be determined by routine
experimentation, incorporating amino acids of a different class in
the region of the gene product targeted for mutation.
[0038] Preferred mutations are in a region of the nucleic acid
encoding an amino acid sequence motif that is conserved among
delta-12 fatty acid desaturases or delta-15 fatty acid desaturases,
such as a His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-His motif (Tables 1-3). An example of a
suitable region has a conserved HECGH motif that is found, for
example, in nucleotides corresponding to amino acids 105 to 109 of
the Arabidopsis and Brassica delta-12 desaturase sequences, in
nucleotides corresponding to amino acids 101 to 105 of the soybean
delta-12 desaturase sequence and in nucleotides corresponding to
amino acids 111 to 115 of the maize delta-12 desaturase sequence.
See e.g., WO 94/115116; Okuley et al., Plant Cell 6:147-158 (1994).
The one letter amino acid designations used herein are described in
Alberts, B. et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3rd edition,
Garland Publishing, New York, 1994. Amino acids flanking this motif
are also highly conserved among delta-12 and delta-15 desaturases
and are also suitable candidates for mutations in fragments of the
invention.
[0039] An illustrative embodiment of a mutation in a nucleic acid
fragment of the invention is a Glu to Lys substitution in the HECGH
motif of a Brassica microsomal delta-12 desaturase sequence, either
the D form or the F form. This mutation results in the sequence
HECGH being changed to HKCGH as seen by comparing SEQ ID NO:10
(wild-type D form) to SEQ ID NO:12 (mutant D form). A similar
mutation in other Fad-2 sequences is contemplated to result in a
non-functional gene product. (Compare SEQ ID NO:2 to SEQ ID
NO:4).
[0040] A similar motif may be found at amino acids 101 to 105 of
the Arabidopsis microsomal delta-15 fatty acid desaturase, as well
as in the corresponding rape and soybean desaturases (Table 5).
See, e.g., WO 93/11245; Arondel, V. et al., Science, 258:1153-1155
(1992); Yadav, N. et al., Plant Physiol., 103:467-476 (1993).
Plastid delta-15 fatty acids have a similar motif (Table 5).
[0041] Among the types of mutations in an HECGH motif that render
the resulting gene product non-functional are non-conservative
substitutions. An illustrative example of a non-conservative
substitution is substitution of a glycine residue for either the
first or second histidine. Such a substitution replaces a charged
residue (histidine) with a non-polar residue (glycine). Another
type of mutation that renders the resulting gene product
non-functional is an insertion mutation, e.g., insertion of a
glycine between the cysteine and glutamic acid residues in the
HECGH motif.
[0042] Other regions having suitable conserved amino acid motifs
include the HRRHH motif shown in Table 2, the HRTHH motif shown in
Table 6 and the HVAHH motif shown in Table 3. See, e.g., WO
94/115116; Hitz, W. et al., Plant Physiol., 105:635-641 (1994);
Okuley, J., et al., supra; and Yadav, N. et al., supra. An
illustrative example of a mutation in the region shown in Table 3
is a mutation at nucleotides corresponding to the codon for glycine
(amino acid 303 of B. napus). A non-conservative Gly to Glu
substitution results in the amino acid sequence DRDYGILNKV being
changed to sequence DRDYEILNKV (compare wild-type F form SEQ ID
NO:14 to mutant Q4275 SEQ ID NO:18, FIG. 3).
[0043] Another region suitable for a mutation in a delta-12
desaturase sequence contains the motif KYLNNP at nucleotides
corresponding to amino acids 171 to 175 of the Brassica desaturase
sequence. An illustrative example of a mutation is this region is a
Leu to His substitution, resulting in the amino acid sequence
(Table 4) KYHNN (compare wild-type Fad2-F SEQ ID NO:14 to mutant
SEQ ID NO:16). A similar mutation in other Fad-2 amino acid
sequences is contemplated to result in a non-functional gene
product. (Compare SEQ ID NO:6 to SEQ ID NO:8). TABLE-US-00001 TABLE
1 Alignment of Amino Acid Sequences from Microsomal Delta-12 Fatty
Acid Desaturases Species Position Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis
thaliana 100-129 IWVIAHECGH HAFSDYQWLD DTVGLIFHSF Glycine max
96-125 VWVIAHECGH HAFSKYQWVD DVVGLTLHST Zea mays 106-135 VWVIAHECGH
HAFSDYSLLD DVVGLVLHSS Ricinus communis.sup.a 1-29 WVMAHDCGH
HAFSDYQLLD DVVGLILHSC Brassica napus D 100-128 VWVIAHECGH
HAFSDYQWLD DTVGLIFHS Brassica napus F 100-128 VWVIAHECGH HAFSDYQWLD
DTVGLIFHS .sup.afrom plasmid pRF2-1C
[0044] TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Alignment of Amino Acid Sequences
from Microsomal Delta-12 Fatty Acid Desaturases Species Position
Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis thaliana 130-158 LLVPYFSWKY
SHRRHHSNTG SLERDEVFV Glycine max 126-154 LLVPYFSWKI SHRRHHSNTG
SLDRDEVFV Zea mays 136-164 LMVPYFSWKY SHRRHHSNTG SLERDEVFV Ricinus
communis.sup.a 30-58 LLVPYFSWKH SHRRHHSNTG SLERDEVFV Brassica napus
D 130-158 LLVPYFSWKY SHRRHHSNTG SLERDEVFV Brassica napus F 130-158
LLVPYFSWKY SHRRHHSNTG SLERDEVFV .sup.afrom plasmid pRF2-1C
[0045] TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Alignment of Amino Acid Sequences
from Microsomal Delta-12 Fatty Acid Desaturases Species Position
Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis thaliana 298-333 DRDYGILNKV
FHNITDTHVA HHLFSTMPHY NAMEAT Glycine max 294-329 DRDYGILNKV
FHHITDTHVA HHLFSTMPHY HAMEAT Zea mays 305-340 DRDYGILNRV FHNITDTHVA
HHLFSTMPHY HAMEAT Ricinus communis.sup.a 198-224 DRDYGILNKV
FHNITDTQVA HHLF TMP Brassica napus D 299-334 DRDYGILNKV FHNITDTHVA
HHLFSTMPHY HAMEAT Brassica napus F 299-334 DRDYGILNKV FHNITDTHVA
HHLFSTMPHY HAMEAT .sup.afrom plasmid pRF2-1C
[0046] TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Alignment of Conserved Amino Acids
from Microsomal Delta-12 Fatty Acid Desaturases Species Position
Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis thaliana 165-180 IKWYGKYLNN PLGRIM
Glycine max 161-176 VAWFSLYLNN PLGRAV Zea mays 172-187 PWYTPYVYNN
PVGRVV Ricinus communis.sup.a 65-80 IRWYSKYLNN PPGRIM Brassica
napus D 165-180 IKWYGKYLNN PLGRTV Brassica napus F 165-180
IKWYGKYLNN PLGRTV .sup.afrom plasmid pRF2-1C
[0047] TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Alignment of Conserved Amino Acids
from Plastid and Microsomal Delta-15 Fatty Acid Desaturases Species
Position Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis thaliana.sup.a 156-177
WALFVLGHD CGHGSFSNDP KLN Brassica napus.sup.a 114-135 WALFVLGHD
CGHGSFSNDP RLN Glycine max.sup.a 164-185 WALFVLGHD CGHGSFSNNS KLN
Arabidopsis thaliana 94-115 WAIFVLGHD CGHGSFSDIP LLN Brassica napus
87-109 WALFVLGHD CGHGSFSNDP RLN Glycine max 93-114 WALFVLGHD
CGHGSFSDSP PLN .sup.aPlastid sequences
[0048] TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Alignment of Conserved Amino Acids
from Plastid and Microsomal Delta-15 Fatty Acid Desaturases Species
Position Amino Acid Sequence A. thaliana.sup.a 188-216 ILVPYHGWRI
SHRTHHQNHG HVENDESWH B. napus.sup.a 146-174 ILVPYHGWRI SHRTHHQNHG
HVENDESWH Glycine max.sup.a 196-224 ILVPYHGWRI SHRTHHQHHG HAENDESWH
A. thaliana 126-154 ILVPYHGWRI SHRTHHQNHG HVENDESWV Brassica napus
117-145 ILVPYHGWRI SHRTHHQNHG HVENDESWV Glycine max 125-153
ILVPYHGWRI SHRTHHQNHG HIEKDESWV .sup.aPlastid sequences
[0049] The conservation of amino acid motifs and their relative
positions indicates that regions of a delta-12 or delta-15 fatty
acid desaturase that can be mutated in one species to generate a
non-functional desaturase can be mutated in the corresponding
region from other species to generate a non-functional delta-12
desaturase or delta-15 desaturase gene product in that species.
[0050] Mutations in any of the regions of Tables 1-6 are
specifically included within the scope of the invention and are
substantially identical to those mutations exemplified herein,
provided that such mutation (or mutations) renders the resulting
desaturase gene product non-functional, as discussed
hereinabove.
[0051] A nucleic acid fragment containing a mutant sequence can be
generated by techniques known to the skilled artisan. Such
techniques include, without limitation, site-directed mutagenesis
of wild-type sequences and direct synthesis using automated DNA
synthesizers.
[0052] A nucleic acid fragment containing a mutant sequence can
also be generated by mutagenesis of plant seeds or regenerable
plant tissue by, e.g., ethyl methane sulfonate, X-rays or other
mutagens. With mutagenesis, mutant plants having the desired fatty
acid phenotype in seeds are identified by known techniques and a
nucleic acid fragment containing the desired mutation is isolated
from genomic DNA or RNA of the mutant line. The site of the
specific mutation is then determined by sequencing the coding
region of the delta-12 desaturase or delta-15 desaturase gene.
Alternatively, labeled nucleic acid probes that are specific for
desired mutational events can be used to rapidly screen a
mutagenized population.
[0053] The disclosed method may be applied to all oilseed Brassica
species, and to both Spring and Winter maturing types within each
species. Physical mutagens, including but not limited to X-rays, UV
rays, and other physical treatments which cause chromosome damage,
and other chemical mutagens, including but not limited to ethidium
bromide, nitrosoguanidine, diepoxybutane etc. may also be used to
induce mutations. The mutagenesis treatment may also be applied to
other stages of plant development, including but not limited to
cell cultures, embryos, microspores and shoot apices.
[0054] "Stable mutations" as used herein are defined as M.sub.5 or
more advanced lines which maintain a selected altered fatty acid
profile for a minimum of three generations, including a minimum of
two generations under field conditions, and exceeding established
statistical thresholds for a minimum of two generations, as
determined by gas chromatographic analysis of a minimum of 10
randomly selected seeds bulked together. Alternatively, stability
may be measured in the same way by comparing to subsequent
generations. In subsequent generations, stability is defined as
having similar fatty acid profiles in the seed as that of the prior
or subsequent generation when grown under substantially similar
conditions.
[0055] Mutation breeding has traditionally produced plants
carrying, in addition to the trait of interest, multiple,
deleterious traits, e.g., reduced plant vigor and reduced
fertility. Such traits may indirectly affect fatty acid
composition, producing an unstable mutation; and/or reduce yield,
thereby reducing the commercial utility of the invention. To
eliminate the occurrence of deleterious mutations and reduce the
load of mutations carried by the plant, a low mutagen dose is used
in the seed treatments to create an LD30 population. This allows
for the rapid selection of single gene mutations for fatty acid
traits in agronomic backgrounds which produce acceptable
yields.
[0056] The seeds of several different fatty acid lines have been
deposited with the American Type Culture Collection and have the
following accession numbers. TABLE-US-00007 Line Accession No.
Deposit Date A129.5 40811 May 25, 1990 A133.1 40812 May 25, 1990
M3032.1 75021 Jun. 7, 1991 M3062.8 75025 Jun. 7, 1991 M3028.10
75026 Jun. 7, 1991 IMC130 75446 Apr. 16, 1993 Q4275 97569 May 10,
1996
[0057] In some plant species or varieties more than one form of
endogenous microsomal delta-12 desaturase may be found. In
amphidiploids, each form may be derived from one of the parent
genomes making up the species under consideration. Plants with
mutations in both forms have a fatty acid profile that differs from
plants with a mutation in only one form. An example of such a plant
is Brassica napus line Q508, a doubly-mutagenized line containing a
mutant D-form of delta-12 desaturase (SEQ ID NO:11) and a mutant
F-form of delta-12 desaturase (SEQ ID NO:15). Another example is
line Q4275, which contains a mutant D-form of delta-12 desaturase
(SEQ ID NO:11) and a mutant F-form of delta-12 desaturase (SEQ ID
NO:17). See FIGS. 2-3.
[0058] Preferred host or recipient organisms for introduction of a
nucleic acid fragment of the invention are the oil-producing
species, such as soybean (Glycine max), rapeseed (e.g., Brassica
napus, B. rapa and B. juncea), sunflower (Helianthus annus), castor
bean (Ricinus communis), corn (Zea mays), and safflower (Carthamus
tinctorius).
[0059] A nucleic acid fragment of the invention may further
comprise additional nucleic acids. For example, a nucleic acid
encoding a secretory or leader amino acid sequence can be linked to
a mutant desaturase nucleic acid fragment such that the secretory
or leader sequence is fused in-frame to the amino terminal end of a
mutant delta-12 or delta-15 desaturase polypeptide. Other nucleic
acid fragments are known in the art that encode amino acid
sequences useful for fusing in-frame to the mutant desaturase
polypeptides disclosed herein. See, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,629,193
incorporated herein by reference. A nucleic acid fragment may also
have one or more regulatory elements operably linked thereto.
[0060] The present invention also comprises nucleic acid fragments
that selectively hybridize to mutant desaturase sequences. Such a
nucleic acid fragment typically is at least 15 nucleotides in
length. Hybridization typically involves Southern analysis
(Southern blotting), a method by which the presence of DNA
sequences in a target nucleic acid mixture are identified by
hybridization to a labeled oligonucleotide or DNA fragment probe.
Southern analysis typically involves electrophoretic separation of
DNA digests on agarose gels, denaturation of the DNA after
electrophoretic separation, and transfer of the DNA to
nitrocellulose, nylon, or another suitable membrane support for
analysis with a radiolabeled, biotinylated, or enzyme-labeled probe
as described in sections 9.37-9.52 of Sambrook et al., (1989)
Molecular Cloning, second edition, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory,
Plainview; N.Y.
[0061] A nucleic acid fragment can hybridize under moderate
stringency conditions or, preferably, under high stringency
conditions to a mutant desaturase sequence. High stringency
conditions are used to identify nucleic acids that have a high
degree of homology to the probe. High stringency conditions can
include the use of low ionic strength and high temperature for
washing, for example, 0.015 M NaCl/0.0015 M sodium citrate
(0.1.times.SSC); 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) at 50-65.degree.
C. Alternatively, a denaturing agent such as formamide can be
employed during hybridization, e.g., 50% formamide with 0.1% bovine
serum albumin/0.1% Ficoll/0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone/50 mM sodium
phosphate buffer at pH 6.5 with 750 mM NaCl, 75 mM sodium citrate
at 42.degree. C. Another example is the use of 50% formamide,
5.times.SSC (0.75 M NaCl, 0.075 M sodium citrate), 50 mM sodium
phosphate (pH 6.8), 0.1% sodium pyrophosphate, 5.times. Denhardt's
solution, sonicated salmon sperm DNA (50 .mu.g/ml), 0.1% SDS, and
10% dextran sulfate at 42.degree. C., with washes at 42.degree. C.
in 0.2.times.SSC and 0.1% SDS.
[0062] Moderate stringency conditions refers to hybridization
conditions used to identify nucleic acids that have a lower degree
of identity to the probe than do nucleic acids identified under
high stringency conditions. Moderate stringency conditions can
include the use of higher ionic strength and/or lower temperatures
for washing of the hybridization membrane, compared to the ionic
strength and temperatures used for high stringency hybridization.
For example, a wash solution comprising 0.060 M NaCl/0.0060 M
sodium citrate (4.times.SSC) and 0.1% sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS)
can be used at 50.degree. C., with a last wash in 1.times.SSC, at
65.degree. C. Alternatively, a hybridization wash in 1.times.SSC at
37.degree. C. can be used.
[0063] Hybridization can also be done by Northern analysis
(Northern blotting), a method used to identify RNAs that hybridize
to a known probe such as an oligonucleotide, DNA fragment, cDNA or
fragment thereof, or RNA fragment. The probe is labeled with a
radioisotope such as .sup.32P, by biotinylation or with an enzyme.
The RNA to be analyzed can be usually electrophoretically separated
on an agarose or polyacrylamide gel, transferred to nitrocellulose,
nylon, or other suitable membrane, and hybridized with the probe,
using standard techniques well known in the art such as those
described in sections 7.39-7.52 of Sambrook et al., supra.
[0064] A polypeptide of the invention comprises an isolated
polypeptide having a mutant amino acid sequence, as well as
derivatives and analogs thereof. See, e.g., the mutant amino acid
sequences of FIG. 3. By "isolated" is meant a polypeptide that is
expressed and produced in an environment other than the environment
in which the polypeptide is naturally expressed and produced. For
example, a plant polypeptide is isolated when expressed and
produced in bacteria or fungi. A polypeptide of the invention also
comprises variants of the mutant desaturase polypeptides disclosed
herein, as discussed above.
[0065] In one embodiment of the claimed invention, a plant contains
both a delta-12 desaturase mutation and a delta-15 desaturase
mutation. Such plants can have a fatty acid composition comprising
very high oleic acid and very low alpha-linolenic acid levels.
Mutations in delta-12 desaturase and delta-15 desaturase may be
combined in a plant by making a genetic cross between delta-12
desaturase and delta-15 desaturase single mutant lines. A plant
having a mutation in delta-12 fatty acid desaturase is crossed or
mated with a second plant having a mutation in delta-15 fatty acid
desaturase. Seeds produced from the cross are planted and the
resulting plants are selfed in order to obtain progeny seeds. These
progeny seeds are then screened in order to identify those seeds
carrying both mutant genes.
[0066] Alternatively, a line possessing either a delta-12
desaturase or a delta-15 desaturase mutation can be subjected to
mutagenesis to generate a plant or plant line having mutations in
both delta-12 desaturase and delta-15 desaturase. For example, the
IMC 129 line has a mutation in the coding region (Glu.sub.106 to
Lys.sub.106) of the D form of the microsomal delta-12 desaturase
structural gene. Cells (e.g., seeds) of this line can be
mutagenized to induce a mutation in a delta-15 desaturase gene,
resulting in a plant or plant line carrying a mutation in a
delta-12 fatty acid desaturase gene and a mutation in a delta-15
fatty acid desaturase gene.
[0067] Progeny includes descendants of a particular plant or plant
line, e.g., seeds developed on an instant plant are descendants.
Progeny of an instant plant include seeds formed on F.sub.1,
F.sub.2, F.sub.3, and subsequent generation plants, or seeds formed
on BC.sub.1, BC.sub.2, BC.sub.3 and subsequent generation
plants.
[0068] Plants according to the invention preferably contain an
altered fatty acid composition. For example, oil obtained from
seeds of such plants may have from about 69 to about 90% oleic
acid, based on the total fatty acid composition of the seed. Such
oil preferably has from about 74 to about 90% oleic acid, more
preferably from about 80 to about 90% oleic acid. In some
embodiments, oil obtained from seeds produced by plants of the
invention may have from about 2.0% to about 5.0% saturated fatty
acids, based on total fatty acid composition of the seeds. In some
embodiments, oil obtained from seeds of the invention may have from
about 1.0% to about 14.0% linoleic acid, or from about 0.5% to
about 10.0% .alpha.-linolenic acid.
[0069] Oil composition typically is analyzed by crushing and
extracting fatty acids from bulk seed samples (e.g., 10 seeds).
Fatty acid triglycerides in the seed are hydrolyzed and converted
to fatty acid methyl esters. Those seeds having an altered fatty
acid composition may be identified by techniques known to the
skilled artisan, e.g., gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of
a bulked seed sample or of a single half-seed. Half-seed analysis
is well known in the art to be useful because the viability of the
embryo is maintained and thus those seeds having a desired fatty
acid profile may be planted to from the next generation. However,
half-seed analysis is also known to be an inaccurate representation
of genotype of the seed being analyzed. Bulk seed analysis
typically yields a more accurate representation of the fatty acid
profile of a given genotype. Fatty acid composition can also be
determined on larger samples, e.g., oil obtained by pilot plant or
commercial scale refining, bleaching and deodorizing of endogenous
oil in the seeds.
[0070] The nucleic acid fragments of the invention can be used as
markers in plant genetic mapping and plant breeding programs. Such
markers may include restriction fragment length polymorphism
(RFLP), random amplification polymorphism detection (RAPD),
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) or self-sustained sequence
replication (3SR) markers, for example. Marker-assisted breeding
techniques may be used to identify and follow a desired fatty acid
composition during the breeding process. Marker-assisted breeding
techniques may be used in addition to, or as an alternative to,
other sorts of identification techniques. An example of
marker-assisted breeding is the use of PCR primers that
specifically amplify a sequence containing a desired mutation in
delta-12 desaturase or delta-15 desaturase.
[0071] Methods according to the invention are useful in that the
resulting plants and plant lines have desirable seed fatty acid
compositions as well as superior agronomic properties compared to
known lines having altered seed fatty acid composition. Superior
agronomic characteristics include, for example, increased seed
germination percentage, increased seedling vigor, increased
resistance to seedling fungal diseases (damping off, root rot and
the like), increased yield, and improved standability.
[0072] While the invention is susceptible to various modifications
and alternative forms, certain specific embodiments thereof are
described in the general methods and examples set forth below. For
example the invention may be applied to all Brassica species,
including B. rapa, B. juncea, and B. hirta, to produce
substantially similar results. It should be understood, however,
that these examples are not intended to limit the invention to the
particular forms disclosed but, instead the invention is to cover
all modifications, equivalents and alternatives falling within the
scope of the invention. This includes the use of somaclonal
variation; physical or chemical mutagenesis of plant parts; anther,
microspore or ovary culture followed by chromosome doubling; or
self- or cross-pollination to transmit the fatty acid trait, alone
or in combination with other traits, to develop new Brassica
lines.
EXAMPLE 1
Mutagenesis
[0073] Seeds of Westar, a Canadian (Brassica napus) spring canola
variety, were subjected to chemical mutagenesis. Westar is a
registered Canadian spring variety with canola quality. The fatty
acid composition of field-grown Westar, 3.9% C.sub.16:0, 1.9%
C.sub.18:1, 67.5% C.sub.18:1, 17.6% C.sub.18:2, 7.4% C.sub.18:3,
<2% C20:1+C.sub.22:1, has remained stable under commercial
production, with <.+-.10% deviation, since 1982.
[0074] Prior to mutagenesis, 30,000 seeds of B. napus cv. Westar
seeds were preimbibed in 300-seed lots for two hours on wet filter
paper to soften the seed coat. The preimbibed seeds were placed in
80 mM ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS) for four hours. Following
mutagenesis, the seeds were rinsed three times in distilled water.
The seeds were sown in 48-well flats containing Pro-Mix.
Sixty-eight percent of the mutagenized seed germinated. The plants
were maintained at 25.degree. C./15.degree. C., 14/10 hr day/night
conditions in the greenhouse. At flowering, each plant was
individually self-pollinated.
[0075] M.sub.2 seed from individual plants were individually
catalogued and stored, approximately 15,000 M.sub.2 lines was
planted in a summer nursery in Carman, Manitoba. The seed from each
selfed plant were planted in 3-meter rows with 6-inch row spacing.
Westar was planted as the check variety. Selected lines in the
field were selfed by bagging the main raceme of each plant. At
maturity, the selfed plants were individually harvested and seeds
were catalogued and stored to ensure that the source of the seed
was known.
[0076] Self-pollinated M.sub.3 seed and Westar controls were
analyzed in 10-seed bulk samples for fatty acid composition via gas
chromatography. Statistical thresholds for each fatty acid
component were established using a Z-distribution with a stringency
level of 1 in 10,000. Mean and standard deviation values were
determined from the non-mutagenized Westar control population in
the field. The upper and lower statistical thresholds for each
fatty acid were determined from the mean value of the population
.+-. the standard deviation, multiplied by the Z-distribution.
Based on a population size of 10,000, the confidence interval is
99.99%.
[0077] The selected M.sub.3 seeds were planted in the greenhouse
along with Westar controls. The seed was sown in 4-inch pots
containing Pro-Mix soil and the plants were maintained at
25.degree. C./15.degree. C., 14/10 hr day/night cycle in the
greenhouse. At flowering, the terminal raceme was self-pollinated
by bagging. At maturity, selfed M.sub.4 seed was individually
harvested from each plant, labelled, and stored to ensure that the
source of the seed was known.
[0078] The M.sub.4 seed was analyzed in 10-seed bulk samples.
Statistical thresholds for each fatty acid component were
established from 259 control samples using a Z-distribution of 1 in
800. Selected M.sub.4 lines were planted in a field trial in
Carman, Manitoba in 3-meter rows with 6-inch spacing. Ten M.sub.4
plants in each row were bagged for self-pollination. At maturity,
the selfed plants were individually harvested and the open
pollinated plants in the row were bulk harvested. The M.sub.5 seed
from single plant selections was analyzed in 10-seed bulk samples
and the bulk row harvest in 50-seed bulk samples.
[0079] Selected M.sub.5 lines were planted in the greenhouse along
with Westar controls. The seed was grown as previously described.
At flowering the terminal raceme was self-pollinated by bagging. At
maturity, selfed M.sub.6 seed was individually harvested from each
plant and analyzed in 10-seed bulk samples for fatty acid
composition.
[0080] Selected M.sub.6 lines were entered into field trials in
Eastern Idaho. The four trial locations were selected for the wide
variability in growing conditions. The locations included Burley,
Tetonia, Lamont and Shelley (Table 7). The lines were planted in
four 3-meter rows with an 8-inch spacing, each plot was replicated
four times. The planting design was determined using a Randomized
Complete Block Designed. The commercial cultivar Westar was used as
a check cultivar. At maturity the plots were harvested to determine
yield. Yield of the entries in the trial was determined by taking
the statistical average of the four replications. The Least
Significant Difference Test was used to rank the entries in the
randomized complete block design. TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 Trial
Locations for Selected Fatty Acid Mutants LOCATION SITE
CHARACTERIZATIONS BURLEY Irrigated. Long season. High temperatures
during flowering. TETONIA Dryland. Short season. Cool temperatures.
LAMONT Dryland. Short season. Cool temperatures. SHELLEY Irrigated.
Medium season. High temperatures during flowering.
[0081] To determine the fatty acid profile of entries, plants in
each plot were bagged for self-pollination. The M.sub.7 seed from
single plants was analyzed for fatty acids in ten-seed bulk
samples.
[0082] To determine the genetic relationships of the selected fatty
acid mutants crosses were made. Flowers of M.sub.6 or later
generation mutations were used in crossing. F.sub.1 seed was
harvested and analyzed for fatty acid composition to determine the
mode of gene action. The F.sub.1 progeny were planted in the
greenhouse. The resulting plants were self-pollinated, the F.sub.2
seed harvested and analyzed for fatty acid composition for allelism
studies. The F.sub.2 seed and parent line seed was planted in the
greenhouse, individual plants were self-pollinated. The F.sub.3
seed of individual plants was tested for fatty acid composition
using 10-seed bulk samples as described previously.
[0083] In the analysis of some genetic relationships dihaploid
populations were made from the microspores of the F.sub.1 hybrids.
Self-pollinated seed from dihaploid plants were analyzed for fatty
acid analysis using methods described previously.
[0084] For chemical analysis, 10-seed bulk samples were hand ground
with a glass rod in a 15-mL polypropylene tube and extracted in 1.2
mL 0.25 N KOH in 1:1 ether/methanol. The sample was vortexed for 30
sec. and heated for 60 sec. in a 60.degree. C. water bath. Four mL
of saturated NaCl and 2.4 mL of iso-octane were added, and the
mixture was vortexed again. After phase separation, 600 .mu.L of
the upper organic phase were pipetted into individual vials and
stored under nitrogen at -5.degree. C. One .mu.L samples were
injected into a Supelco SP-2330 fused silica capillary column (0.25
mm ID, 30 M length, 0.20 .mu.m df).
[0085] The gas chromatograph was set at 180.degree. C. for 5.5
minutes, then programmed for a 2.degree. C./minute increase to
212.degree. C., and held at this temperature for 1.5 minutes. Total
run time was 23 minutes. Chromatography settings were: Column head
pressure--15 psi, Column flow (He)--0.7 mL/min., Auxiliary and
Column flow--33 mL/min., Hydrogen flow--33 mL/min., Air flow--400
mL/min., Injector temperature--250.degree. C., Detector
temperature--300.degree. C., Split vent--1/15.
[0086] Table 8 describes the upper and lower statistical thresholds
for each fatty acid of interest. TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 8 Statistical
Thresholds for Specific Fatty Acids Derived from Control Westar
Plantings Percent Fatty Acids Genotype C.sub.16:0 C.sub.18:0
C.sub.18:1 C.sub.18:2 C.sub.18:3 Sats* M.sub.3 Generation (1 in
10,000 rejection rate) Lower 3.3 1.4 -- 13.2 5.3 6.0 Upper 4.3 2.5
71.0 21.6 9.9 8.3 M.sub.4 Generation (1 in 800 rejection rate)
Lower 3.6 0.8 -- 12.2 3.2 5.3 Upper 6.3 3.1 76.0 32.4 9.9 11.2
M.sub.5 Generation (1 in 755 rejection rate) Lower 2.7 0.9 -- 9.6
2.6 4.5 Upper 5.7 2.7 80.3 26.7 9.6 10.0 *Sats = Total Saturate
Content
EXAMPLE 2
High Oleic Acid Canola Lines
[0087] In the studies of Example 1, at the M.sub.3 generation, 31
lines exceeded the upper statistical threshold for oleic acid
(.gtoreq.71.0%). Line W7608.3 had 71.2% oleic acid. At the M.sub.4
generation, its selfed progeny (W7608.3.5, since designated A129.5)
continued to exceed the upper statistical threshold for C.sub.18:1
with 78.8% oleic acid. M.sub.5 seed of five self-pollinated plants
of line A129.5 (ATCC 40811) averaged 75.0% oleic acid. A single
plant selection, A129.5.3 had 75.6% oleic acid. The fatty acid
composition of this high oleic acid mutant, which was stable under
both field and greenhouse conditions to the M, generation, is
summarized in Table 9. This line also stably maintained its mutant
fatty acid composition to the M.sub.7 generation in field trials in
multiple locations. Over all locations the self-pollinated plants
(A129) averaged 78.3% oleic acid. The fatty acid composition of the
A129 for each Idaho trial location are summarized in Table 10. In
multiple location replicated yield trials, A129 was not
significantly different in yield from the parent cultivar
Westar.
[0088] The canola oil of A129, after commercial processing, was
found to have superior oxidative stability compared to Westar when
measured by the Accelerated Oxygen Method (AOM), American Oil
Chemists' Society Official Method Cd 12-57 for fat stability;
Active Oxygen Method (revised 1989). The AOM of Westar was 18 AOM
hours and for A129 was 30 AOM hours. TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 9 Fatty
Acid Composition of a High Oleic Acid Canola Line Produced by Seed
Mutagenesis Percent Fatty Acids Genotype C.sub.16:0 C.sub.18:0
C.sub.18:1 C.sub.18:2 C.sub.18:3 Sats Westar 3.9 1.9 67.5 17.6 7.4
7.0 W7608.3 3.9 2.4 71.2 12.7 6.1 7.6 (M.sub.3) W7608.3.5 3.9 2.0
78.8 7.7 3.9 7.3 (M.sub.4) A129.5.3 3.8 2.3 75.6 9.5 4.9 7.6
(M.sub.5) Sats = Total Saturate Content
[0089] TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 10 Fatty Acid Composition of a Mutant
High Oleic Acid Line at Different Field Locations in Idaho Percent
Fatty Acids Location C.sub.16:0 C.sub.18:0 C.sub.18:1 C.sub.18:2
C.sub.18:3 Sats Burley 3.3 2.1 77.5 8.1 6.0 6.5 Tetonia 3.5 3.4
77.8 6.5 4.7 8.5 Lamont 3.4 1.9 77.8 7.4 6.5 6.3 Shelley 3.3 2.6
80.0 5.7 4.5 7.7 Sats = Total Saturate Content
[0090] The genetic relationship of the high oleic acid mutation
A129 to other oleic desaturases was demonstrated in crosses made to
commercial canola cultivars and a low linolenic acid mutation. A129
was crossed to the commercial cultivar Global (C.sub.16:0--4.5%,
C.sub.18:0--1.5%, C.sub.18:1--62.9%, C.sub.18:2--20.0%,
C.sub.18:3--7.3%). Approximately 200 F.sub.2 individuals were
analyzed for fatty acid composition. The results are summarized in
Table 11. The segregation fit 1:2:1 ratio suggesting a single
co-dominant gene controlled the inheritance of the high oleic acid
phenotype. TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 11 Genetic Studies of A129 X Global
Frequency C.sub.18:0 Genotype Content (%) Observed Expected od -
od- 77.3 43 47 od - od+ 71.7 106 94 od + od+ 66.1 49 47
[0091] A cross between A129 and IMC 01, a low linolenic acid
variety (C.sub.16:0--4.1%, C.sub.18:0--1.9%, C.sub.18:1--66.4%,
C.sub.18:2--18.1%, C.sub.18:3--5.7%), was made to determine the
inheritance of the oleic acid desaturase and linoleic acid
desaturase. In the F.sub.1 hybrids both the oleic acid and linoleic
acid desaturase genes approached the mid-parent values indicating a
co-dominant gene actions. Fatty acid analysis of the F.sub.2
individuals confirmed a 1:2:1:2:4:2:1:2:1 segregation of two
independent, co-dominant genes (Table 12). A line was selected from
the cross of A129 and IMC01 and designated as IMC130 (ATCC deposit
no. 75446) as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No.
08/425,108, incorporated herein by reference. TABLE-US-00013 TABLE
12 Genetic Studies of A129 X IMC 01 Frequency Genotype Ratio
Observed Expected od - od - ld - ld- 1 11 12 od - od - ld - ld+ 2
30 24 od - od - ld + ld+ 1 10 12 od - od + ld - ld- 2 25 24 od - od
+ ld - ld+ 4 54 47 od - od + ld + ld+ 2 18 24 od + od + ld - ld- 1
7 12 od + od + ld - ld+ 2 25 24 od + od + ld + ld+ 1 8 12
[0092] An additional high oleic acid line, designated A128.3, was
also produced by the disclosed method. A 50-seed bulk analysis of
this line showed the following fatty acid composition:
C.sub.16:0--3.5%, C.sub.18:0--1.8%, C.sub.18:1--77.3%,
C.sub.18:2--9.0%, C.sub.18:3--5.6%, FDA Sats--5.3%, Total
Sats--6.4%. This line also stably maintained its mutant fatty acid
composition to the M.sub.7 generation. In multiple locations
replicated yield trials, A128 was not significantly different in
yield from the parent cultivar Westar.
[0093] A129 was crossed to A128.3 for allelism studies. Fatty acid
composition of the F.sub.2 seed showed the two lines to be allelic.
The mutational events in A129 and A128.3 although different in
origin were in the same gene.
[0094] An additional high oleic acid line, designated M3028.-10
(ATCC 75026), was also produced by the disclosed method in Example
1. A 10-seed bulk analysis of this line showed the following fatty
acid composition: C.sub.16:0--3.5%, C.sub.18:0--1.8%,
C.sub.18:1--77.3%, C.sub.18:2--9.0%, C.sub.18:3--5.6%, FDA
Saturates--5.3%, Total Saturates--6.4%. In a single location
replicated yield trial M3028.10 was not significantly different in
yield from the parent cultivar Westar.
EXAMPLE 3
Low Linoleic Acid Canola
[0095] In the studies of Example 1, at the M.sub.3 generation, 80
lines exceeded the lower statistical threshold for linoleic acid
(.ltoreq.13.2%). Line W12638.8 had 9.4% linoleic acid. At the
M.sub.4 and M.sub.5 generations, its selfed progenies [W12638.8,
since designated A133.1 (ATCC 40812)] continued to exceed the
statistical threshold for low C.sub.18:2 with linoleic acid levels
of 10.2% and 8.4%, respectively. The fatty acid composition of this
low linoleic acid mutant, which was stable to the M.sub.7
generation under both field and greenhouse conditions, is
summarized in Table 13. In multiple location replicated yield
trials, A133 was not significantly different in yield from the
parent cultivar Westar. An additional low linoleic acid line,
designated M3062.8 (ATCC 75025), was also produced by the disclosed
method. A 10-seed bulk analysis of this line showed the following
fatty acid composition: C.sub.16:0--3.8%, C.sub.18:0--2.3%,
C.sub.18:1--77.1%, C.sub.18:2--8.9%, C.sub.18:3--4.3%, FDA
Sats--6.1%. This line has also stably maintained its mutant fatty
acid composition in the field and greenhouse. TABLE-US-00014 TABLE
13 Fatty Acid Composition of a Low Linoleic Acid Canola Line
Produced by Seed Mutagenesis Percent Fatty Acids Genotype
C.sub.16:0 C.sub.18:0 C.sub.18:1 C.sub.18:2 C.sub.18:3 Sats.sup.b
Westar 3.9 1.9 67.5 17.6 7.4 7.0 W12638.8 3.9 2.3 75.0 9.4 6.1 7.5
(M.sub.3) W12638.8.1 4.1 1.7 74.6 10.2 5.9 7.1 (M.sub.4) A133.1.8
3.8 2.0 77.7 8.4 5.0 7.0 (M.sub.5) .sup.aLetter and numbers up to
second decimal point indicate the plant line. Number after second
decimal point indicates an individual plant. .sup.bSats = Total
Saturate Content
EXAMPLE 4
Low Linolenic and Linoleic Acid Canola
[0096] In the studies of Example 1, at the M.sub.3 generation, 57
lines exceeded the lower statistical threshold for linolenic acid
(.ltoreq.5.3%). Line W14749.8 had 5.3% linolenic acid and 15.0%
linoleic acid. At the M.sub.4 and M.sub.5 generations, its selfed
progenies [W14749.8, since designated M3032 (ATCC 75021)] continued
to exceed the statistical threshold for low C.sub.18:3 with
linolenic acid levels of 2.7% and 2.3%, respectively, and for a low
sum of linolenic and linoleic acids with totals of 11.8% and 12.5%
respectively. The fatty acid composition of this low linolenic acid
plus linoleic acid mutant, which was stable to the M.sub.5
generation under both field and greenhouse conditions, is
summarized in Table 14. In a single location replicated yield trial
M3032 was not significantly different in yield from the parent
cultivar (Westar). TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 14 Fatty Acid Composition
of a Low Linolenic Acid Canola Line Produced by Seed Mutagenesis
Percent Fatty Acids Genotype C.sub.16:0 C.sub.18:0 C.sub.18:1
C.sub.18:2 C.sub.18:3 Sats Westar 3.9 1.9 67.5 17.6 7.4 7.0
W14749.8 4.0 2.5 69.4 15.0 5.3 6.5 (M.sub.3) M3032.8 3.9 2.4 77.9
9.1 2.7 6.4 (M.sub.4) M3032.1 3.5 2.8 80.0 10.2 2.3 6.5 (M.sub.5)
Sats = Total Saturate Content
EXAMPLE 5
Canola Lines Q508 and Q4275
[0097] Seeds of the B. napus line IMC-129 were mutagenized with
methyl N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). The MNNG treatment consisted of
three parts: pre-soak, mutagen application, and wash. A 0.05M
Sorenson's phosphate buffer was used to maintain pre-soak and
mutagen treatment pH at 6.1. Two hundred seeds were treated at one
time on filter paper (Whatman #3M) in a petri dish (100 mm x 15
mm). The seeds were pre-soaked in 15 mls of 0.05M Sorenson's
buffer, pH 6.1, under continued agitation for two hours. At the end
of the pre-soak period, the buffer was removed from the plate.
[0098] A 10 mM concentration of MNNG in 0.05M Sorenson's buffer, pH
6.1, was prepared prior to use. Fifteen ml of 10 m MNNG was added
to the seeds in each plate. The seeds were incubated at 22.degree.
C..+-.3.degree. C. in the dark under constant agitation for four
(4) hours. At the end of the incubation period, the mutagen
solution was removed.
[0099] The seeds were washed with three changes of distilled water
at 10 minute intervals. The fourth wash was for thirty minutes.
This treatment regime produced an LD60 population.
[0100] Treated seeds were planted in standard greenhouse potting
soil and placed into an environmentally controlled greenhouse. The
plants were grown under sixteen hours of light. At flowering, the
racemes were bagged to produce selfed seed. At maturity, the M2
seed was harvested. Each M2 line was given an identifying number.
The entire MNNG-treated seed population was designated as the Q
series.
[0101] Harvested M2 seeds was planted in the greenhouse. The growth
conditions were maintained as previously described. The racemes
were bagged at flowering for selfing. At maturity, the selfed M3
seed was harvested and analyzed for fatty acid composition. For
each M3 seed line, approximately 10-15 seeds were analyzed in bulk
as described in Example 1.
[0102] High oleic-low linoleic M3 lines were selected from the M3
population using a cutoff of >82% oleic acid and <5.0%
linoleic. From the first 1600 M3 lines screened for fatty acid
composition, Q508 was identified. The Q508 M3 generation was
advanced to the M4 generation in the greenhouse. Table 15 shows the
fatty acid composition of Q508 and IMC 129. The M4 selfed seed
maintained the selected high oleic-low linoleic acid phenotype
(Table 16). TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 15 Fatty Acid Composition of A129
and High Oleic Acid M3 Mutant Q508 Line # 16:0 18:0 18:1 18:2 18:3
A129* 4.0 2.4 77.7 7.8 4.2 Q508 3.9 2.1 84.9 2.4 2.9 *Fatty acid
composition of A129 is the average of 50 self-pollinated plants
grown with the M3 population
[0103] M.sub.4 generation Q508 plants had poor agronomic qualities
in the field compared to Westar. Typical plants were slow growing
relative to Westar, lacked early vegetative vigor, were short in
stature, tended to be chlorotic and had short pods. The yield of
Q508 was very low compared to Westar.
[0104] The M.sub.4 generation Q508 plants in the greenhouse tended
to be reduced in vigor compared to Westar. However, Q508 yields in
the greenhouse were greater than Q508 yields in the field.
TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 16 Fatty Acid Composition of Seed Oil from
Greenhouse-Grown Q508, IMC 129 and Westar. FDA Line 16:0 18:0 18:1
18:2 18:3 Sats IMC 4.0 2.4 77.7 7.8 4.2 6.4 129.sup.a Westar.sup.b
3.9 1.9 67.5 17.6 7.4 >5.8 Q508.sup.c 3.9 2.1 84.9 2.4 2.9 6.0
.sup.aAverage of 50 self-pollinated plants .sup.bData from Example
1 .sup.cAverage of 50 self-pollinated plants
[0105] Nine other M4 high-oleic low-linoleic lines were also
identified: Q3603, Q3733, Q4249, Q6284, Q6601, Q6761, Q7415, Q4275,
and Q6676. Some of these lines had good agronomic characteristics
and an elevated oleic acid level in seeds of about 80% to about
84%.
[0106] Q4275 was crossed to the variety Cyclone. After selfing for
seven generations, mature seed was harvested from 93GS34-179, a
progeny line of the Q4275 Cyclone cross. Referring to Table 17,
fatty acid composition of a bulk seed sample shows that 93GS34
retained the seed fatty acid composition of Q4275. 93GS34-179 also
maintained agronomically desirable characteristics.
[0107] After more than seven generations of selfing of Q4275,
plants of Q4275, IMC 129 and 93GS34 were field grown during the
summer season. The selections were tested in 4 replicated plots (5
feet.times.20 feet) in a randomized block design. Plants were open
pollinated. No-selfed seed was produced. Each plot was harvested at
maturity, and a sample of the bulk harvested seed from each line
was analyzed for fatty acid composition as described above. The
fatty acid compositions of the selected lines are shown in Table
17. TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 17 Fatty Acid Composition of Field Grown
IMC 129, Q4275 and 93GS34 Seeds Fatty Acid Composition (%) Line
C.sub.16:0 C.sub.18:0 C.sub.18:1 C.sub.18:2 C.sub.18:3 FDA Sats IMC
129 3.3 2.4 76.7 8.7 5.2 5.7 Q4275 3.7 3.1 82.1 4.0 3.5 6.8
93GS34-179 2.6 2.7 85.0 2.8 3.3 5.3
[0108] The results shown in Table 17 show that Q4275 maintained the
selected high oleic--low linoleic acid phenotype under field
conditions. The agronomic characteristics of Q4275 plants were
superior to those of Q508.
[0109] M.sub.4 generation Q508 plants were crossed to a dihaploid
selection of Westar, with Westar serving as the female parent. The
resulting F1 seed was termed the 92EF population. About 126 F1
individuals that appeared to have better agronomic characteristics
than the Q508 parent were selected for selfing. A portion of the
F.sub.2 seed from such individuals was replanted in the field. Each
F2 plant was selfed and a portion of the resulting F3 seed was
analyzed for fatty acid composition. The content of oleic acid in
F.sub.3 seed ranged from 59 to 79%. No high oleic (>80%)
individuals were recovered with good agronomic type.
[0110] A portion of the F.sub.2 seed of the 92EF population was
planted in the greenhouse to analyze the genetics of the Q508 line.
F.sub.3 seed was analyzed from 380 F2 individuals. The C.sub.18:1
levels of F.sub.3 seed from the greenhouse experiment is depicted
in FIG. 1. The data were tested against the hypothesis that Q508
contains two mutant genes that are semi-dominant and additive: the
original IMC 129 mutation as well as one additional mutation. The
hypothesis also assumes that homozygous Q508 has greater than 85%
oleic acid and homozygous Westar has 62-67% oleic acid. The
possible genotypes at each gene in a cross of Q508 by Westar may be
designated as: [0111] AA=Westar Fad2.sup.a [0112] BB=Westar
Fad2.sup.b [0113] aa=Q508 Fad2.sup.a- [0114] bb=Q508
Fad2.sup.b-
[0115] Assuming independent segregation, a 1:4:6:4:1 ratio of
phenotypes is expected. The phenotypes of heterozygous plants are
assumed to be indistinguishable and, thus, the data were tested for
fit to a 1:14:1 ratio of homozygous Westar: heterozygous plants:
homozygous Q508. TABLE-US-00019 Phenotypic # of Ratio Westar
Alleles Genotype 1 4 AABB(Westar) 4 3 AABb, AaBB, AABb, AaBB 6 2
AaBb, AAbb, AaBb, AaBb, aaBB, AaBb 4 1 Aabb, aaBb, Aabb, aaBb 1 0
aabb (Q508)
[0116] Using Chi-square analysis, the oleic acid data fit a 1:14:1
ratio. It was concluded that Q508 differs from Westar by two major
genes that are semi-dominant and additive and that segregate
independently. By comparison, the genotype of IMC 129 is aaBB.
[0117] The fatty acid composition of representative F3 individuals
having greater than 85% oleic acid in seed oil is shown in Table
18. The levels of saturated fatty acids are seen to be decreased in
such plants, compared to Westar. TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 18 92EF
F.sub.3 Individuals with >85% C.sub.18:1 in Seed Oil F3 Plant
Fatty Acid Composition (%) Identifier C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2 C18:3
FDASA +38068 3.401 1.582 85.452 2.134 3.615 4.983 +38156 3.388
1.379 85.434 2.143 3.701 4.767 +38171 3.588 1.511 85.289 2.367
3.425 5.099 +38181 3.75 1.16 85.312 2.968 3.819 4.977 +38182 3.529
0.985 85.905 2.614 3.926 4.56 +38191 3.364 1.039 85.737 2.869 4.039
4.459 +38196 3.557 1.182 85.054 2.962 4.252 4.739 +38202 3.554
1.105 86.091 2.651 3.721 4.713 +38220 3.093 1.16 86.421 1.931 3.514
4.314 +38236 3.308 1.349 85.425 2.37 3.605 4.718 +38408 3.617 1.607
85.34 2.33 3.562 5.224 +38427 3.494 1.454 85.924 2.206 3.289 4.948
+38533 3.64 1.319 85.962 2.715 3.516 4.959
EXAMPLE 6
Leaf and Root Fatty Acid Profiles of Canola Lines IMC-129, Q508,
and Westar
[0118] Plants of Q508, IMC 129 and Westar were grown in the
greenhouse. Mature leaves, primary expanding leaves, petioles and
roots were harvested at the 6-8 leaf stage, frozen in liquid
nitrogen and stored at -70.degree. C. Lipid extracts were analyzed
by GLC as described in Example 1. The fatty acid profile data are
shown in Table 19.
[0119] The data in Table 19 indicate that total leaf lipids in Q508
are higher in C.sub.18:1 content than the C.sub.18:2 plus
C.sub.18:3 content. The reverse is true for Westar and IMC 129. The
difference in total leaf lipids between Q508 and IMC 129 is
consistent with the hypothesis that a second Fad2 gene is mutated
in Q508.
[0120] The C.sub.16:3 content in the total lipid fraction was about
the same for all three lines, suggesting that the plastid FadC gene
product was not affected by the Q508 mutations. To confirm that the
FadC gene was not mutated, chloroplast lipids were separated and
analyzed. No changes in chloroplast C.sub.16:1, C.sub.16:2 or
C.sub.16:3 fatty acids were detected in the three lines. The
similarity in plastid leaf lipids among Q508, Westar and IMC 129 is
consistent with the hypothesis that the second mutation in Q508
affects a microsomal Fad2 gene and not a plastid FadC gene.
TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 19 MATURE EXPANDING LEAF LEAF PETIOLE ROOT
West. 129 3Q508 West. 129 3Q508 West. 129 3Q508 West. 129 3Q508
16:0 12.1 11.9 10.1 16.4 16.1 11.3 21.7 23.5 11.9 21.1 21.9 12.0
16:1 0.8 0.6 1.1 0.7 0.6 1.1 1.0 1.3 1.4 -- -- -- 16:2 2.3 2.2 2.0
2.8 3.1 2.8 1.8 2.2 1.8 -- -- -- 16:3 14.7 15.0 14.0 6.3 5.4 6.9
5.7 4.6 5.7 -- -- -- 18:0 2.2 1.6 1.2 2.5 2.8 1.5 3.7 4.0 1.6 3.6
2.9 2.5 18:1 2.8 4.9 16.7 3.8 8.3 38.0 4.9 12.9 46.9 3.5 6.1 68.8
18:2 12.6 11.5 6.8 13.3 13.8 4.9 20.7 18.3 5.2 28.0 30.4 4.4 18:3
50.6 50.3 46.0 54.2 50.0 33.5 40.4 33.2 25.3 43.8 38.7 12.3
EXAMPLE 7
Sequences of Mutant and Wild-Type Delta-12 Fatty Acid Desaturases
from B. napus
[0121] Primers specific for the FAD2 structural gene were used to
clone the entire open reading frame (ORF) of the D and F delta-12
desaturase genes by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR). RNA from seeds of IMC 129, Q508 and Westar plants was
isolated by standard methods and was used as template. The
RT-amplified fragments were used for nucleotide sequence
determination. The DNA sequence of each gene from each line was
determined from both strands by standard dideoxy sequencing
methods.
[0122] Sequence analysis revealed a G to A transversion at
nucleotide 316 (from the translation initiation codon) of the D
gene in both IMC 129 and Q508, compared to the sequence of Westar.
The transversion changes the codon at this position from GAG to AAG
and results in a non-conservative substitution of glutamic acid, an
acidic residue, for lysine a basic residue. The presence of the
same mutation in both lines was expected since the Q508 line was
derived from IMC 129. The same base change was also detected in
Q508 and IMC 129 when RNA from leaf tissue was used as
template.
[0123] The G to A mutation at nucleotide 316 was confirmed by
sequencing several independent clones containing fragments
amplified directly from genomic DNA of IMC 129 and Westar. These
results eliminated the possibility of a rare mutation introduced
during reverse transcription and PCR in the RT-PCR protocol. It was
concluded that the IMC 129 mutant is due to a single base
transversion at nucleotide 316 in the coding region of the D gene
of rapeseed microsomal delta 12-desaturase.
[0124] A single base transition from T to A at nucleotide 515 of
the F gene was detected in Q508 compared to the Westar sequence.
The mutation changes the codon at this position from CTC to CAC,
resulting in the non-conservative substitution of a non-polar
residue, leucine, for a polar residue, histidine, in the resulting
gene product. No mutations were found in the F gene sequence of IMC
129 compared to the F gene sequence of Westar.
[0125] These data support the conclusion that a mutation in a
delta-12 desaturase gene sequence results in alterations in the
fatty acid profile of plants containing such a mutated gene.
Moreover, the data show that when a plant line or species contains
two delta-12 desaturase loci, the fatty acid profile of an
individual having two mutated loci differs from the fatty acid
profile of an individual having one mutated locus.
[0126] The mutation in the D gene of IMC 129 and Q508 mapped to a
region having a conserved amino acid motif (His-Xaa-Xaa-Xaa-His)
found in cloned delta-12 and delta-15 membrane bound-desaturases
(Table 20). TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 20 Alignment of Amino Acid
Sequences of Cloned Canola Membrane Bound-Desaturases Desaturase
Gene Sequence.sup.a Position Canola-fad2-D(mutant) AHKCGH 109-114
Canola-Fad2-D AHECGH 109-114 Canola-Fad2-F AHECGH 109-114
Canola-FadC GHDCAH 170-175 Canola-fad3 (mutant) GHKCGH 94-99
Canola-Fad3 GHDCGH 94-99 Canola-FadD GHDCGH 125-130 (FadD = Plastid
delta 15, Fad3 = Microsomal delta-15), (FadC = Plastid delta-12,
Fad2 = Microsomal delta-12) .sup.aOne letter amino acid code;
conservative substitutions are underlined; non-conservative
substitutions are in bold.
EXAMPLE 8
Transcription and Translation of Microsomal Delta-12 Fatty Acid
Desaturases
[0127] Transcription in vivo was analyzed by RT-PCR analysis of
stage II and stage III developing seeds and leaf tissue. The
primers used to specifically amplify delta-12 desaturase F gene RNA
from the indicated tissues were sense primer
5'-GGATATGATGATGGTGAAAGA-3' and antisense primer
5'-TCTTTCACCATCATCATATCC-3'. The primers used to specifically
amplify delta-12 desaturase D gene RNA from the indicated tissues
were sense primer 5'-GTTATGAAGCAAAGAAGAAAC-3' and antisense primer
5'-GTTTCTTCTTTGCTTCATAAC-3'. The results indicated that mRNA of
both the D and F gene was expressed in seed and leaf tissues of IMC
129, Q508 and wild type Westar plants.
[0128] In vitro transcription and translation analysis showed that
a peptide of about 46 kD was made. This is the expected size of
both the D gene product and the F gene product, based on sum of the
deduced amino acid sequence of each gene and the cotranslational
addition of a microsomal membrane peptide.
[0129] These results rule out the possibility that non-sense or
frameshift mutations, resulting in a truncated polypeptide gene
product, are present in either the mutant D gene or the mutant F
gene. The data, in conjunction with the data of Example 7, support
the conclusion that the mutations in Q508 and IMC 129 are in
delta-12 fatty acid desaturase structural genes encoding desaturase
enzymes, rather than in regulatory genes.
EXAMPLE 9
Development of Gene-Specific PCR Markers
[0130] Based on the single base change in the mutant D gene of IMC
129 described in above, two 5' PCR primers were designed. The
nucleotide sequence of the primers differed only in the base (G for
Westar and A for IMC 129) at the 3' end. The primers allow one to
distinguish between mutant fad2-D and wild-type Fad2-D alleles in a
DNA-based PCR assay. Since there is only a single base difference
in the 5' PCR primers, the PCR assay is very sensitive to the PCR
conditions such as annealing temperature, cycle number, amount, and
purity of DNA templates used. Assay conditions have been
established that distinguish between the mutant gene and the wild
type gene using genomic DNA from IMC 129 and wild type plants as
templates. Conditions may be further optimized by varying PCR
parameters, particularly with variable crude DNA samples. A PCR
assay distinguishing the single base mutation in IMC 129 from the
wild type gene along with fatty acid composition analysis provides
a means to simplify segregation and selection analysis of genetic
crosses involving plants having a delta-12 fatty acid desaturase
mutation.
EXAMPLE 10
Transformation with Mutant and Wild Type Fad3 Genes
[0131] B. napus cultivar Westar was transformed with mutant and
wild type Fad3 genes to demonstrate that the mutant Fad3 gene for
canola cytoplasmic linoleic desaturase delta-15 desaturase is
nonfunctional. Transformation and regeneration were performed using
disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens essentially following the
procedure described in WO 94/11516.
[0132] Two disarmed Agrobacterium strains were engineered, each
containing a Ti plasmid having the appropriate gene linked to a
seed-specific promoter and a corresponding termination sequence.
The first plasmid, pIMC110, was prepared by inserting into a
disarmed Ti vector the full length wild type Fad3 gene in sense
orientation (nucleotides 208 to 1336 of SEQ ID 6 in WO 93/11245),
flanked by a napin promoter sequence positioned 5' to the Fad3 gene
and a napin termination sequence positioned 3' to the Fad3 gene.
The rapeseed napin promoter is described in EP 0255378.
[0133] The second plasmid, pIMC205, was prepared by inserting a
mutated Fad3 gene in sense orientation into a disarmed Ti vector.
The mutant sequence contained mutations at nucleotides 411 and 413
of the microsomal Fad3 gene described in W093/11245, thus changing
the sequence for codon 96 from GAC to AAG. The amino acid at codon
96 of the gene product was thereby changed from aspartic acid to
lysine. See Table 20. A bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) phaseolin (7S
seed storage protein) promoter fragment of 495 base pairs, starting
with 5'-TGGTCTTTTGGT-3', was placed 5' to the mutant Pad3 gene and
a phaseolin termination sequence was placed 3' to the mutant Fad3
gene. The phaseolin sequence is described in Doyle et al., (1986)
J. Biol. Chem. 261:9228-9238) and Slightom et al., (1983) Proc.
Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 80:1897-1901.
[0134] The appropriate plasmids were engineered and transferred
separately to Agrobacterium strain LBA4404. Each engineered strain
was used to infect 5 mm segments of hypocotyl explants from Westar
seeds by cocultivation. Infected hypocotyls were transferred to
callus medium and, subsequently, to regeneration medium. Once
discernable stems formed from the callus, shoots were excised and
transferred to elongation medium. The elongated shoots were cut,
dipped in Rootone.TM., rooted on an agar medium and transplanted to
potting soil to obtain fertile T1 plants. T2 seeds were obtained by
selfing the resulting T1 plants.
[0135] Fatty acid analysis of T2 seeds was carried out as described
above. The results are summarized in Table 21. Of the 40
transformants obtained using the pIMC110 plasmid, 17 plants
demonstrated wild type fatty acid profiles and 16 demonstrated
overexpression. A proportion of the transformants are expected to
display an overexpression phenotype when a functioning gene is
transformed in sense orientation into plants.
[0136] Of the 307 transformed plants having the pIMC205 gene, none
exhibited a fatty acid composition indicative of overexpression.
This result indicates that the mutant fad3 gene product is
non-functional, since some of the transformants would have
exhibited an overexpression phenotype if the gene product were
functional. TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 21 Overexpression and
Co-suppression Events in Westar Populations Transformed with
pIMC205 or pIMC110. .alpha.-Linolenic Overexpression Co-Suppression
Number of Acid Events Events Wild Type Construct Transformants
Range (%) (>10% linolenic) (<4.0% linolenic) Events pIMC110
40 2.4-20.6 16 7 17 pIMC205 307 4.6-10.4 0 0 307
[0137] Fatty acid compositions of representative transformed plants
are presented in Table 22. Lines 652-09 and 663-40 are
representative of plants containing pIMC110 and exhibiting an
overexpression and a co-suppression phenotype, respectively. Line
205-284 is representative of plants containing pIMC205 and having
the mutant fad3 gene. TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 22 Fatty Acid
Composition of T2 Seed From Westar Transformed With pIMC205 or
pIMC110. Fatty Acid Composition (%) Line C16:0 C18:0 C18:1 C18:2
C18:3 652-09 pIMC110 4.7 3.3 65.6 8.1 14.8 overexpression 663-40
4.9 2.1 62.5 23.2 3.6 PIMC110 co-suppression 205-284 3.7 1.8 68.8
15.9 6.7 pIMC205
EXAMPLE 11
Sequences of Wild Type and Mutant Fad2-D and Fad2-F
[0138] High molecular weight genomic DNA was isolated from leaves
of Q4275 plants (Example 5). This DNA was used as template for
amplification of Fad2-D and Fad2-F genes by polymerase chain
reaction (PCR). PCR amplifications were carried out in a total
volume of 100 .mu.l and contained 0.3 .mu.g genomic DNA, 200 .mu.M
deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates, 3 mM MgSO.sub.4, 1-2 Units DNA
polymerase and 1.times.Buffer (supplied by the DNA polymerase
manufacturer). Cycle conditions were: 1 cycle for 1 min at
95.degree. C., followed by 30 cycles of 1 min at 94.degree. C., 2
min at 55.degree. C. and 3 min at 73.degree. C.
[0139] The Fad2-D gene was amplified once using Elongase.RTM.
(Gibco-BRL). PCR primers were: [0140]
CAUCAUCAUCAUCTTCTTCGTAGGGTTCATCG and [0141]
CUACUACUACUATCATAGAAGAGAAAGGTTCAG for the 5' and 3' ends of the
gene, respectively.
[0142] The Fad2-F gene was independently amplified 4 times, twice
with Elongase.RTM. and twice with Taq polymerase (Boehringer
Mannheim). The PCR primers used were: [0143]
5'CAUCAUCAUCAUCATGGGTGCACGTGGAAGAA3' and [0144]
5'CUACUACUACUATCTTTCACCATCATCATATCC3' for the 5' and 3' ends of the
gene, respectively.
[0145] Amplified DNA products were resolved on an agarose gel,
purified by JetSorb.RTM. and then annealed into pAMP1 (Gibco-BRL)
via the (CAU).sub.4 and (CUA).sub.4 sequences at the ends of the
primers, and transformed into E. coli DH5.alpha..
[0146] The Fad2-D and Fad2-F inserts were sequenced on both strands
with an ABI PRISM 310 automated sequencer (Perkin-Elmer) following
the manufacturer's directions, using synthetic primers,
AmpliTaq.RTM. DNA polymerase and dye terminator.
[0147] The Fad2-D gene was found to have an intron upstream of the
ATG start codon. As expected, the coding sequence of the gene
contained a G to A mutation at nucleotide 316, derived from IMC 129
(FIG. 2).
[0148] A single base transversion from G to A at nucleotide 908 was
detected in the F gene sequence of the Q4275 amplified products,
compared to the wild type F gene sequence (FIG. 2). This mutation
changes the codon at amino acid 303 from GGA to GAA, resulting in
the non-conservative substitution of a glutamic acid residue for a
glycine residue (Table 3 and FIG. 3). Expression of the mutant
Q4275 Fad2-F delta-12 desaturase gene in plants alters the fatty
acid composition, as described hereinabove.
[0149] To the extent not already indicated, it will be understood
by those of ordinary skill in the art that any one of the various
specific embodiments herein described and illustrated may be
further modified to incorporate features shown in other of the
specific embodiments.
[0150] The foregoing detailed description has been provided for a
better understanding of the invention only and no unnecessary
limitation should be understood therefrom as some modifications
will be apparent to those skilled in the art without deviating from
the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Sequence CWU 1
1
70 1 1155 DNA Brassica napus CDS (1)...(1152) Wild type Fad2
misc_feature 205 n = a, g, c, or t/u 1 atg ggt gca ggt gga aga atg
caa gtg tct cct ccc tcc aag aag tct 48 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met
Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 gaa acc gac acc atc
aag cgc gta ccc tgc gag aca ccg ccc ttc act 96 Glu Thr Asp Thr Ile
Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 gtc gga gaa
ctc aag aaa gca atc cca ccg cac tgt ttc aaa cgc tcg 144 Val Gly Glu
Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 atc
cct cgc tct ttc tcc tac ctc atc tgg gac atc atc ata gcc tcc 192 Ile
Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55
60 tgc ttc tac tac ntc gcc acc act tac ttc cct ctc ctc cct cac cct
240 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Xaa Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro
65 70 75 80 ctc tcc tac ttc gcc tgg cct ctc tac tgg gcc tgc caa ggg
tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly
Cys Val 85 90 95 cta acc ggc gtc tgg gtc ata gcc cac gaa tgc ggc
cac cac gcc ttc 336 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly
His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 agc gac tac cag tgg ctt gac gac acc gtc
ggt ctc atc ttc cac tcc 384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val
Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 ttc ctc ctc gtc cct tac ttc tcc
tgg aag tac agt cat cgc agc cac 432 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser
Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Ser His 130 135 140 cat tcc aac act ggc tcc
ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg ttt gtc ccc aag 480 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser
Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 aag aag tca
gac atc aag tgg tac ggc aag tac ctc aac aac cct ttg 528 Lys Lys Ser
Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 gga
cgc acc gtg atg tta acg gtt cag ttc act ctc ggc tgg ccg ttg 576 Gly
Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185
190 tac tta gcc ttc aac gtc tcg gga aga cct tac gac ggc ggc ttc cgt
624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Arg
195 200 205 tgc cat ttc cac ccc aac gct ccc atc tac aac gac cgc gag
cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu
Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag ata tac atc tcc gac gct ggc atc ctc gcc gtc
tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val
Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 ttc cgt tac gcc gcc ggc cag gga gtg
gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc tac 768 Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala Gly Gln Gly Val
Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 gga gtc ccg ctt ctg att gtc
aat ggt ttc ctc gtg ttg atc act tac 816 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val
Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 ttg cag cac acg cat
cct tcc ctg cct cac tac gat tcg tcc gag tgg 864 Leu Gln His Thr His
Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 gat tgg ttc
agg gga gct ttg gct acc gtt gac aga gac tac gga atc 912 Asp Trp Phe
Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 ttg
aac aag gtc ttc cac aat att acc gac acg cac gtg gcc cat cat 960 Leu
Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310
315 320 ccg ttc tcc acg atg ccg cat tat cac gcg atg gaa gct acc aag
gcg 1008 Pro Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr
Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata aag ccg ata ctg gga gag tat tat cag ttc gat
ggg acg ccg gtg 1056 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe
Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 gtt aag gcg atg tgg agg gag gcg aag
gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa ccg 1104 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala
Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 gac agg caa ggt gag aag
aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac aac aat aag tta 1152 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu
Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 tga 1155 2
384 PRT Brassica napus Xaa = Phe, Leu, Ile, or Val 2 Met Gly Ala
Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu
Thr Asp Thr Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25
30 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser
35 40 45 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile
Ala Ser 50 55 60 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Xaa Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu
Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp
Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala
His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu
Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe Leu Leu Val
Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Ser His 130 135 140 His Ser
Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155
160 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu
165 170 175 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp
Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp
Gly Gly Phe Arg 195 200 205 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr
Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly
Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala
Gly Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Gly Val Pro
Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 Leu
Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280
285 Asp Trp Phe Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile
290 295 300 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala
His His 305 310 315 320 Pro Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met
Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr
Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu
Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu
Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 3 1155 DNA
Brassica napus CDS (1)...(1152) G to A transversion mutation at
nucleotide 316 misc_feature 205 n = a, g, c, or t/u 3 atg ggt gca
ggt gga aga atg caa gtg tct cct ccc tcc aag aag tct 48 Met Gly Ala
Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 gaa
acc gac acc atc aag cgc gta ccc tgc gag aca ccg ccc ttc act 96 Glu
Thr Asp Thr Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25
30 gtc gga gaa ctc aag aaa gca atc cca ccg cac tgt ttc aaa cgc tcg
144 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser
35 40 45 atc cct cgc tct ttc tcc tac ctc atc tgg gac atc atc ata
gcc tcc 192 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile
Ala Ser 50 55 60 tgc ttc tac tac ntc gcc acc act tac ttc cct ctc
ctc cct cac cct 240 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Xaa Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu
Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 ctc tcc tac ttc gcc tgg cct ctc tac tgg
gcc tgc caa ggg tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp
Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 cta acc ggc gtc tgg gtc ata gcc
cac aag tgc ggc cac cac gcc ttc 336 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala
His Lys Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 agc gac tac cag tgg ctt
gac gac acc gtc ggt ctc atc ttc cac tcc 384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu
Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 ttc ctc ctc gtc
cct tac ttc tcc tgg aag tac agt cat cgc agc cac 432 Phe Leu Leu Val
Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Ser His 130 135 140 cat tcc
aac act ggc tcc ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg ttt gtc ccc aag 480 His Ser
Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155
160 aag aag tca gac atc aag tgg tac ggc aag tac ctc aac aac cct ttg
528 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu
165 170 175 gga cgc acc gtg atg tta acg gtt cag ttc act ctc ggc tgg
ccg ttg 576 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp
Pro Leu 180 185 190 tac tta gcc ttc aac gtc tcg gga aga cct tac gac
ggc ggc ttc cgt 624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp
Gly Gly Phe Arg 195 200 205 tgc cat ttc cac ccc aac gct ccc atc tac
aac gac cgc gag cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr
Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag ata tac atc tcc gac gct ggc
atc ctc gcc gtc tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly
Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 ttc cgt tac gcc gcc
ggc cag gga gtg gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc tac 768 Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala
Gly Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 gga gtc ccg
ctt ctg att gtc aat ggt ttc ctc gtg ttg atc act tac 816 Gly Val Pro
Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 ttg
cag cac acg cat cct tcc ctg cct cac tac gat tcg tcc gag tgg 864 Leu
Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280
285 gat tgg ttc agg gga gct ttg gct acc gtt gac aga gac tac gga atc
912 Asp Trp Phe Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile
290 295 300 ttg aac aag gtc ttc cac aat att acc gac acg cac gtg gcc
cat cat 960 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala
His His 305 310 315 320 ccg ttc tcc acg atg ccg cat tat cac gcg atg
gaa gct acc aag gcg 1008 Pro Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala
Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata aag ccg ata ctg gga gag tat
tat cag ttc gat ggg acg ccg gtg 1056 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu
Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 gtt aag gcg atg tgg
agg gag gcg aag gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa ccg 1104 Val Lys Ala Met
Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 gac agg
caa ggt gag aag aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac aac aat aag tta 1152 Asp
Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375
380 tga 1155 4 384 PRT Brassica napus Xaa = Phe, Leu, Ile, or Val 4
Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5
10 15 Glu Thr Asp Thr Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe
Thr 20 25 30 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe
Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp
Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Xaa Ala Thr Thr Tyr
Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro
Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp
Val Ile Ala His Lys Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr
Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe
Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Ser His 130 135
140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys
145 150 155 160 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn
Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr
Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg
Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Arg 195 200 205 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala
Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser
Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 Phe Arg
Tyr Ala Ala Gly Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255
Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260
265 270 Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu
Trp 275 280 285 Asp Trp Phe Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp
Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr
His Val Ala His His 305 310 315 320 Pro Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr
His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly
Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 Val Lys Ala Met
Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp Arg
Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380
5 1155 DNA Brassica napus CDS (1)...(1152) Wild type Fad2 5 atg ggt
gca ggt gga aga atg caa gtg tct cct ccc tcc aaa aag tct 48 Met Gly
Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15
gaa acc gac aac atc aag cgc gta ccc tgc gag aca ccg ccc ttc act 96
Glu Thr Asp Asn Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20
25 30 gtc gga gaa ctc aag aaa gca atc cca ccg cac tgt ttc aaa cgc
tcg 144 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg
Ser 35 40 45 atc cct cgc tct ttc tcc tac ctc atc tgg gac atc atc
ata gcc tcc 192 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile
Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 tgc ttc tac tac gtc gcc acc act tac ttc cct
ctc ctc cct cac cct 240 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro
Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 ctc tcc tac ttc gcc tgg cct ctc tac
tgg gcc tgc cag ggc tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr
Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 cta acc ggc gtc tgg gtc ata
gcc cac gag tgc ggc cac cac gcc ttc 336 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile
Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 agc gac tac cag tgg
ctg gac gac acc gtc ggc ctc atc ttc cac tcc 384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp
Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 ttc ctc ctc
gtc cct tac ttc tcc tgg aag tac agt cat cga cgc cac 432 Phe Leu Leu
Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 cat
tcc aac act ggc tcc ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg ttt gtc ccc aag 480 His
Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150
155 160 aag aag tca gac atc aag tgg tac ggc aag tac ctc aac aac cct
ttg 528 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro
Leu 165 170 175 gga cgc acc gtg atg tta acg gtt cag ttc act ctc ggc
tgg cct ttg 576 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly
Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 tac tta gcc ttc aac gtc tcg ggg aga cct tac
gac ggc ggc ttc gct 624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr
Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205 tgc cat ttc cac ccc aac gct ccc atc
tac aac gac cgc gag cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile
Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag ata tac atc tcc gac gct
ggc atc ctc gcc gtc tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala
Gly Ile Leu Ala Val
Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 tac cgc tac gct gct gtc caa gga gtt
gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc tac 768 Tyr Arg Tyr Ala Ala Val Gln Gly Val
Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 gga gtt ccg ctt ctg att gtc
aat ggg ttc tta gtt ttg atc act tac 816 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val
Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 ttg cag cac acg cat
cct tcc ctg cct cac tat gac tcg tct gag tgg 864 Leu Gln His Thr His
Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 gat tgg ttg
agg gga gct ttg gcc acc gtt gac aga gac tac gga atc 912 Asp Trp Leu
Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 ttg
aac aag gtc ttc cac aat atc acg gac acg cac gtg gcg cat cac 960 Leu
Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310
315 320 ctg ttc tcg acc atg ccg cat tat cat gcg atg gaa gct acg aag
gcg 1008 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr
Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata aag ccg ata ctg gga gag tat tat cag ttg cat
ggg acg ccg gtg 1056 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Leu
His Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 gtt aag gcg atg tgg agg gag gcg aag
gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa ccg 1104 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala
Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 gac agg caa ggt gag aag
aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac aac aat aag tta 1152 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu
Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 tga 1155 6
384 PRT Brassica napus 6 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser
Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Thr Asp Asn Ile Lys Arg Val
Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys
Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 Ile Pro Arg Ser
Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 Cys Phe
Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80
Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85
90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala
Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile
Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr
Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg
Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys
Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 Gly Arg Thr Val
Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu
Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205
Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210
215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly
Leu 225 230 235 240 Tyr Arg Tyr Ala Ala Val Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met
Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe
Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu
Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala
Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 Leu Asn Lys Val
Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310 315 320 Leu
Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330
335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Leu His Gly Thr Pro Val
340 345 350 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val
Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr
Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 7 1155 DNA Brassica napus CDS
(1)...(1152) T to A transversion mutation at nucleotide 515 7 atg
ggt gca ggt gga aga atg caa gtg tct cct ccc tcc aaa aag tct 48 Met
Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10
15 gaa acc gac aac atc aag cgc gta ccc tgc gag aca ccg ccc ttc act
96 Glu Thr Asp Asn Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr
20 25 30 gtc gga gaa ctc aag aaa gca atc cca ccg cac tgt ttc aaa
cgc tcg 144 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys
Arg Ser 35 40 45 atc cct cgc tct ttc tcc tac ctc atc tgg gac atc
atc ata gcc tcc 192 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile
Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 tgc ttc tac tac gtc gcc acc act tac ttc
cct ctc ctc cct cac cct 240 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe
Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 ctc tcc tac ttc gcc tgg cct ctc
tac tgg gcc tgc cag ggc tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu
Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 cta acc ggc gtc tgg gtc
ata gcc cac gag tgc ggc cac cac gcc ttc 336 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val
Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 agc gac tac cag
tgg ctg gac gac acc gtc ggc ctc atc ttc cac tcc 384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln
Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 ttc ctc
ctc gtc cct tac ttc tcc tgg aag tac agt cat cga cgc cac 432 Phe Leu
Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140
cat tcc aac act ggc tcc ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg ttt gtc ccc aag 480
His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145
150 155 160 aag aag tca gac atc aag tgg tac ggc aag tac cac aac aac
cct ttg 528 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr His Asn Asn
Pro Leu 165 170 175 gga cgc acc gtg atg tta acg gtt cag ttc act ctc
ggc tgg cct ttg 576 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu
Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 tac tta gcc ttc aac gtc tcg ggg aga cct
tac gac ggc ggc ttc gct 624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro
Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205 tgc cat ttc cac ccc aac gct ccc
atc tac aac gac cgc gag cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro
Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag ata tac atc tcc gac
gct ggc atc ctc gcc gtc tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp
Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 tac cgc tac
gct gct gtc caa gga gtt gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc tac 768 Tyr Arg Tyr
Ala Ala Val Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 gga
gtt ccg ctt ctg att gtc aat ggg ttc tta gtt ttg atc act tac 816 Gly
Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265
270 ttg cag cac acg cat cct tcc ctg cct cac tat gac tcg tct gag tgg
864 Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp
275 280 285 gat tgg ttg agg gga gct ttg gcc acc gtt gac aga gac tac
gga atc 912 Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr
Gly Ile 290 295 300 ttg aac aag gtc ttc cac aat atc acg gac acg cac
gtg gcg cat cac 960 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His
Val Ala His His 305 310 315 320 ctg ttc tcg acc atg ccg cat tat cat
gcg atg gaa gct acg aag gcg 1008 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr
His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata aag ccg ata ctg gga
gag tat tat cag ttg cat ggg acg ccg gtg 1056 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu
Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Leu His Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 gtt aag gcg
atg tgg agg gag gcg aag gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa ccg 1104 Val Lys
Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365
gac agg caa ggt gag aag aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac aac aat aag tta
1152 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys
Leu 370 375 380 tga 1155 8 384 PRT Brassica napus 8 Met Gly Ala Gly
Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Thr
Asp Asn Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30
Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35
40 45 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala
Ser 50 55 60 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu
Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala
Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His
Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp
Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro
Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn
Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160
Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr His Asn Asn Pro Leu 165
170 175 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro
Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly
Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn
Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile
Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 Tyr Arg Tyr Ala Ala Val
Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Gly Val Pro Leu
Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 Leu Gln
His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285
Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290
295 300 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His
His 305 310 315 320 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu
Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln
Leu His Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala
Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys
Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 9 1155 DNA
Brassica napus CDS (1)...(1152) 9 atg ggt gca ggt gga aga atg caa
gtg tct cct ccc tcc aaa aag tct 48 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln
Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 gaa acc gac aac atc aag
cgc gta ccc tgc gag aca ccg ccc ttc act 96 Glu Thr Asp Asn Ile Lys
Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 gtc gga gaa ctc
aag aaa gca atc cca ccg cac tgt ttc aaa cgc tcg 144 Val Gly Glu Leu
Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 atc cct
cgc tct ttc tcc tac ctc atc tgg gac atc atc ata gcc tcc 192 Ile Pro
Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60
tgc ttc tac tac gtc gcc acc act tac ttc cct ctc ctc cct cac cct 240
Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65
70 75 80 ctc tcc tac ttc gcc tgg cct ctc tac tgg gcc tgc cag ggc
tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly
Cys Val 85 90 95 cta acc ggc gtc tgg gtc ata gcc cac gag tgc ggc
cac cac gcc ttc 336 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly
His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 agc gac tac cag tgg ctg gac gac acc gtc
ggc ctc atc ttc cac tcc 384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val
Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 ttc ctc ctc gtc cct tac ttc tcc
tgg aag tac agt cat cga cgc cac 432 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser
Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 cat tcc aac act ggc tcc
ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg ttt gtc ccc aag 480 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser
Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 aag aag tca
gac atc aag tgg tac ggc aag tac ctc aac aac cct ttg 528 Lys Lys Ser
Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 gga
cgc acc gtg atg tta acg gtt cag ttc act ctc ggc tgg cct ttg 576 Gly
Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185
190 tac tta gcc ttc aac gtc tcg ggg aga cct tac gac ggc ggc ttc gct
624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala
195 200 205 tgc cat ttc cac ccc aac gct ccc atc tac aac gac cgt gag
cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu
Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag ata tac atc tcc gac gct ggc atc ctc gcc gtc
tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val
Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 tac cgc tac gct gct gtc caa gga gtt
gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc tac 768 Tyr Arg Tyr Ala Ala Val Gln Gly Val
Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 gga gtt cct ctt ctg att gtc
aac ggg ttc tta gtt ttg atc act tac 816 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val
Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 ttg cag cac acg cat
cct tcc ctg cct cac tat gac tcg tct gag tgg 864 Leu Gln His Thr His
Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 gat tgg ttg
agg gga gct ttg gcc acc gtt gac aga gac tac gga atc 912 Asp Trp Leu
Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 ttg
aac aag gtc ttc cac aat atc acg gac acg cac gtg gcg cat cac 960 Leu
Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310
315 320 ctg ttc tcg acc atg ccg cat tat cat gcg atg gaa gct acg aag
gcg 1008 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr
Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata aag ccg ata ctg gga gag tat tat cag ttc gat
ggg acg ccg gtg 1056 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe
Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 gtt aag gcg atg tgg agg gag gcg aag
gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa ccg 1104 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala
Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 gac agg caa ggt gag aag
aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac aac aat aag tta 1152 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu
Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 tga 1155 10
384 PRT Brassica napus 10 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser
Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Thr Asp Asn Ile Lys Arg Val
Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys
Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 Ile Pro Arg Ser
Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 Cys Phe
Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80
Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85
90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala
Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile
Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr
Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu
Arg
Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys
Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 Gly Arg Thr Val
Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu
Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205
Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210
215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly
Leu 225 230 235 240 Tyr Arg Tyr Ala Ala Val Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met
Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe
Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu
Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala
Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 Leu Asn Lys Val
Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310 315 320 Leu
Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330
335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val
340 345 350 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val
Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr
Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 11 1155 DNA Brassica napus CDS
(1)...(1152) 11 atg ggt gca ggt gga aga atg caa gtg tct cct ccc tcc
aaa aag tct 48 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser
Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 gaa acc gac aac atc aag cgc gta ccc tgc gag
aca ccg ccc ttc act 96 Glu Thr Asp Asn Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu
Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 gtc gga gaa ctc aag aaa gca atc cca
ccg cac tgt ttc aaa cgc tcg 144 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro
Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 atc cct cgc tct ttc tcc tac
ctc atc tgg gac atc atc ata gcc tcc 192 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr
Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 tgc ttc tac tac gtc
gcc acc act tac ttc cct ctc ctc cct cac cct 240 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val
Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 ctc tcc tac
ttc gcc tgg cct ctc tac tgg gcc tgc cag ggc tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser Tyr
Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 cta
acc ggc gtc tgg gtc ata gcc cac aag tgc ggc cac cac gcc ttc 336 Leu
Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Lys Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105
110 agc gac tac cag tgg ctg gac gac acc gtc ggc ctc atc ttc cac tcc
384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser
115 120 125 ttc ctc ctc gtc cct tac ttc tcc tgg aag tac agt cat cga
cgc cac 432 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg
Arg His 130 135 140 cat tcc aac act ggc tcc ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg
ttt gtc ccc aag 480 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val
Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 aag aag tca gac atc aag tgg tac ggc
aag tac ctc aac aac cct ttg 528 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly
Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 gga cgc acc gtg atg tta acg
gtt cag ttc act ctc ggc tgg cct ttg 576 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr
Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 tac tta gcc ttc aac
gtc tcg ggg aga cct tac gac ggc ggc ttc gct 624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn
Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205 tgc cat ttc
cac ccc aac gct ccc atc tac aac gac cgt gag cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe
His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag
ata tac atc tcc gac gct ggc atc ctc gcc gtc tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln
Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230
235 240 tac cgc tac gct gct gtc caa gga gtt gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc
tac 768 Tyr Arg Tyr Ala Ala Val Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe
Tyr 245 250 255 gga gtt cct ctt ctg att gtc aac ggg ttc tta gtt ttg
atc act tac 816 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu
Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 ttg cag cac acg cat cct tcc ctg cct cac tat
gac tcg tct gag tgg 864 Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr
Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 gat tgg ttg agg gga gct ttg gcc acc
gtt gac aga gac tac gga atc 912 Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr
Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 ttg aac aag gtc ttc cac aat
atc acg gac acg cac gtg gcg cat cac 960 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn
Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310 315 320 ctg ttc tcg acc
atg ccg cat tat cat gcg atg gaa gct acg aag gcg 1008 Leu Phe Ser
Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata
aag ccg ata ctg gga gag tat tat cag ttc gat ggg acg ccg gtg 1056
Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340
345 350 gtt aag gcg atg tgg agg gag gcg aag gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa
ccg 1104 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val
Glu Pro 355 360 365 gac agg caa ggt gag aag aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac
aac aat aag tta 1152 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp
Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 tga 1155 12 384 PRT Brassica napus
12 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser
1 5 10 15 Glu Thr Asp Asn Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro
Phe Thr 20 25 30 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys
Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp
Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr
Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp
Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val
Trp Val Ile Ala His Lys Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp
Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125
Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130
135 140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro
Lys 145 150 155 160 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu
Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe
Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly
Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn
Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile
Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 Tyr
Arg Tyr Ala Ala Val Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250
255 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr
260 265 270 Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser
Glu Trp 275 280 285 Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg
Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp
Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310 315 320 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His
Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu
Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 Val Lys Ala
Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp
Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375
380 13 1155 DNA Brassica napus CDS (1)...(1152) 13 atg ggt gca ggt
gga aga atg caa gtg tct cct ccc tcc aag aag tct 48 Met Gly Ala Gly
Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 gaa acc
gac acc atc aag cgc gta ccc tgc gag aca ccg ccc ttc act 96 Glu Thr
Asp Thr Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30
gtc gga gaa ctc aag aaa gca atc cca ccg cac tgt ttc aaa cgc tcg 144
Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35
40 45 atc cct cgc tct ttc tcc tac ctc atc tgg gac atc atc ata gcc
tcc 192 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala
Ser 50 55 60 tgc ttc tac tac gtc gcc acc act tac ttc cct ctc ctc
cct cac cct 240 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu
Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 ctc tcc tac ttc gcc tgg cct ctc tac tgg gcc
tgc caa ggg tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala
Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 cta acc ggc gtc tgg gtc ata gcc cac
gag tgc ggc cac cac gcc ttc 336 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His
Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 agc gac tac cag tgg ctt gac
gac acc gtc ggt ctc atc ttc cac tcc 384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp
Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 ttc ctc ctc gtc cct
tac ttc tcc tgg aag tac agt cat cga cgc cac 432 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro
Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 cat tcc aac
act ggc tcc ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg ttt gtc ccc aag 480 His Ser Asn
Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160
aag aag tca gac atc aag tgg tac ggc aag tac ctc aac aac cct ttg 528
Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165
170 175 gga cgc acc gtg atg tta acg gtt cag ttc act ctc ggc tgg ccg
ttg 576 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro
Leu 180 185 190 tac tta gcc ttc aac gtc tcg gga aga cct tac gac ggc
ggc ttc gct 624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly
Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205 tgc cat ttc cac ccc aac gct ccc atc tac aac
gac cgc gag cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn
Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag ata tac atc tcc gac gct ggc atc
ctc gcc gtc tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile
Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 ttc cgt tac gcc gcc gcg
cag gga gtg gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc tac 768 Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala Ala
Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 gga gtc ccg ctt
ctg att gtc aat ggt ttc ctc gtg ttg atc act tac 816 Gly Val Pro Leu
Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 ttg cag
cac acg cat cct tcc ctg cct cac tac gat tcg tcc gag tgg 864 Leu Gln
His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285
gat tgg ttg agg gga gct ttg gct acc gtt gac aga gac tac gga atc 912
Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290
295 300 ttg aac aag gtc ttc cac aat att acc gac acg cac gtg gcg cat
cat 960 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His
His 305 310 315 320 ctg ttc tcc acg atg ccg cat tat cac gcg atg gaa
gct acc aag gcg 1008 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met
Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata aag ccg ata ctg gga gag tat tat
cag ttc gat ggg acg ccg gtg 1056 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr
Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 gtt aag gcg atg tgg agg
gag gcg aag gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa ccg 1104 Val Lys Ala Met Trp
Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 gac agg caa
ggt gag aag aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac aac aat aag tta 1152 Asp Arg
Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380
tga 1155 14 384 PRT Brassica napus 14 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met
Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Thr Asp Thr Ile
Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 Val Gly Glu
Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 Ile
Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55
60 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro
65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly
Cys Val 85 90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly
His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val
Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser
Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser
Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 Lys Lys Ser
Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 Gly
Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185
190 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala
195 200 205 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu
Arg Leu 210 215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val
Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala Ala Gln Gly Val
Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val
Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 Leu Gln His Thr His
Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 Asp Trp Leu
Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295 300 Leu
Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310
315 320 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys
Ala 325 330 335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly
Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys
Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val
Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 15 1155 DNA Brassica napus
CDS (1)...(1152) 15 atg ggt gca ggt gga aga atg caa gtg tct cct ccc
tcc aag aag tct 48 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro
Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 gaa acc gac acc atc aag cgc gta ccc tgc
gag aca ccg ccc ttc act 96 Glu Thr Asp Thr Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys
Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 gtc gga gaa ctc aag aaa gca atc
cca ccg cac tgt ttc aaa cgc tcg 144 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile
Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 atc cct cgc tct ttc tcc
tac ctc atc tgg gac atc atc ata gcc tcc 192 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser
Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 tgc ttc tac tac
gtc gcc acc act tac ttc cct ctc ctc cct cac cct 240 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr
Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80 ctc tcc
tac ttc gcc tgg cct ctc tac tgg gcc tgc caa ggg tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser
Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95
cta acc ggc gtc tgg gtc ata gcc cac gag tgc ggc cac cac gcc ttc 336
Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile
Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 agc gac tac cag tgg
ctt gac gac acc gtc ggt ctc atc ttc cac tcc 384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp
Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 ttc ctc ctc
gtc cct tac ttc tcc tgg aag tac agt cat cga cgc cac 432 Phe Leu Leu
Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 cat
tcc aac act ggc tcc ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg ttt gtc ccc aag 480 His
Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150
155 160 aag aag tca gac atc aag tgg tac ggc aag tac cac aac aac cct
ttg 528 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr His Asn Asn Pro
Leu 165 170 175 gga cgc acc gtg atg tta acg gtt cag ttc act ctc ggc
tgg ccg ttg 576 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly
Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 tac tta gcc ttc aac gtc tcg gga aga cct tac
gac ggc ggc ttc gct 624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr
Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205 tgc cat ttc cac ccc aac gct ccc atc
tac aac gac cgc gag cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile
Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag ata tac atc tcc gac gct
ggc atc ctc gcc gtc tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala
Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 ttc cgt tac gcc
gcc gcg cag gga gtg gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc tac 768 Phe Arg Tyr Ala
Ala Ala Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 gga gtc
ccg ctt ctg att gtc aat ggt ttc ctc gtg ttg atc act tac 816 Gly Val
Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270
ttg cag cac acg cat cct tcc ctg cct cac tac gat tcg tcc gag tgg 864
Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275
280 285 gat tgg ttg agg gga gct ttg gct acc gtt gac aga gac tac gga
atc 912 Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly
Ile 290 295 300 ttg aac aag gtc ttc cac aat att acc gac acg cac gtg
gcg cat cat 960 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val
Ala His His 305 310 315 320 ctg ttc tcc acg atg ccg cat tat cac gcg
atg gaa gct acc aag gcg 1008 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His
Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata aag ccg ata ctg gga gag
tat tat cag ttc gat ggg acg ccg gtg 1056 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly
Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 gtt aag gcg atg
tgg agg gag gcg aag gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa ccg 1104 Val Lys Ala
Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 gac
agg caa ggt gag aag aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac aac aat aag tta 1152
Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370
375 380 tga 1155 16 384 PRT Brassica napus 16 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly
Arg Met Gln Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Thr Asp
Thr Ile Lys Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 Val
Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40
45 Ile Pro Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser
50 55 60 Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro
His Pro 65 70 75 80 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys
Gln Gly Cys Val 85 90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu
Cys Gly His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp
Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr
Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn Thr
Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 Lys
Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr His Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170
175 Gly Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu
180 185 190 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly
Phe Ala 195 200 205 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp
Arg Glu Arg Leu 210 215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu
Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala Ala Gln
Gly Val Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu
Ile Val Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 Leu Gln His
Thr His Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 Asp
Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile 290 295
300 Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His
305 310 315 320 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala
Thr Lys Ala 325 330 335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe
Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys
Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys
Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 17 1155 DNA
Brassica napus CDS (1)...(1152) 17 atg ggt gca ggt gga aga atg caa
gtg tct cct ccc tcc aag aag tct 48 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln
Val Ser Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 gaa acc gac acc atc aag
cgc gta ccc tgc gag aca ccg ccc ttc act 96 Glu Thr Asp Thr Ile Lys
Arg Val Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 gtc gga gaa ctc
aag aaa gca atc cca ccg cac tgt ttc aaa cgc tcg 144 Val Gly Glu Leu
Lys Lys Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 atc cct
cgc tct ttc tcc tac ctc atc tgg gac atc atc ata gcc tcc 192 Ile Pro
Arg Ser Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60
tgc ttc tac tac gtc gcc acc act tac ttc cct ctc ctc cct cac cct 240
Cys Phe Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65
70 75 80 ctc tcc tac ttc gcc tgg cct ctc tac tgg gcc tgc caa ggg
tgc gtc 288 Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly
Cys Val 85 90 95 cta acc ggc gtc tgg gtc ata gcc cac gag tgc ggc
cac cac gcc ttc 336 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly
His His Ala Phe 100 105 110 agc gac tac cag tgg ctt gac gac acc gtc
ggt ctc atc ttc cac tcc 384 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val
Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 115 120 125 ttc ctc ctc gtc cct tac ttc tcc
tgg aag tac agt cat cga cgc cac 432 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser
Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 cat tcc aac act ggc tcc
ctc gag aga gac gaa gtg ttt gtc ccc aag 480 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser
Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 aag aag tca
gac atc aag tgg tac ggc aag tac ctc aac aac cct ttg 528 Lys Lys Ser
Asp Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 gga
cgc acc gtg atg tta acg gtt cag ttc act ctc ggc tgg ccg ttg 576 Gly
Arg Thr Val Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185
190 tac tta gcc ttc aac gtc tcg gga aga cct tac gac ggc ggc ttc gct
624 Tyr Leu Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala
195 200 205 tgc cat ttc cac ccc aac gct ccc atc tac aac gac cgc gag
cgt ctc 672 Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu
Arg Leu 210 215 220 cag ata tac atc tcc gac gct ggc atc ctc gcc gtc
tgc tac ggt ctc 720 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val
Cys Tyr Gly Leu 225 230 235 240 ttc cgt tac gcc gcc gcg cag gga gtg
gcc tcg atg gtc tgc ttc tac 768 Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala Ala Gln Gly Val
Ala Ser Met Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 gga gtc ccg ctt ctg att gtc
aat ggt ttc ctc gtg ttg atc act tac 816 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val
Asn Gly Phe Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 ttg cag cac acg cat
cct tcc ctg cct cac tac gat tcg tcc gag tgg 864 Leu Gln His Thr His
Pro Ser Leu Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 gat tgg ttg
agg gga gct ttg gct acc gtt gac aga gac tac gaa atc 912 Asp Trp Leu
Arg Gly Ala Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Glu Ile 290 295 300 ttg
aac aag gtc ttc cac aat att acc gac acg cac gtg gcg cat cat 960 Leu
Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310
315 320 ctg ttc tcc acg atg ccg cat tat cac gcg atg gaa gct acc aag
gcg 1008 Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr
Lys Ala 325 330 335 ata aag ccg ata ctg gga gag tat tat cag ttc gat
ggg acg ccg gtg 1056 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe
Asp Gly Thr Pro Val 340 345 350 gtt aag gcg atg tgg agg gag gcg aag
gag tgt atc tat gtg gaa ccg 1104 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala
Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val Glu Pro 355 360 365 gac agg caa ggt gag aag
aaa ggt gtg ttc tgg tac aac aat aag tta 1152 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu
Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 tga 1155 18
384 PRT Brassica napus 18 Met Gly Ala Gly Gly Arg Met Gln Val Ser
Pro Pro Ser Lys Lys Ser 1 5 10 15 Glu Thr Asp Thr Ile Lys Arg Val
Pro Cys Glu Thr Pro Pro Phe Thr 20 25 30 Val Gly Glu Leu Lys Lys
Ala Ile Pro Pro His Cys Phe Lys Arg Ser 35 40 45 Ile Pro Arg Ser
Phe Ser Tyr Leu Ile Trp Asp Ile Ile Ile Ala Ser 50 55 60 Cys Phe
Tyr Tyr Val Ala Thr Thr Tyr Phe Pro Leu Leu Pro His Pro 65 70 75 80
Leu Ser Tyr Phe Ala Trp Pro Leu Tyr Trp Ala Cys Gln Gly Cys Val 85
90 95 Leu Thr Gly Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala
Phe 100 105 110 Ser Asp Tyr Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile
Phe His Ser 115 120 125 Phe Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr
Ser His Arg Arg His 130 135 140 His Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg
Asp Glu Val Phe Val Pro Lys 145 150 155 160 Lys Lys Ser Asp Ile Lys
Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu 165 170 175 Gly Arg Thr Val
Met Leu Thr Val Gln Phe Thr Leu Gly Trp Pro Leu 180 185 190 Tyr Leu
Ala Phe Asn Val Ser Gly Arg Pro Tyr Asp Gly Gly Phe Ala 195 200 205
Cys His Phe His Pro Asn Ala Pro Ile Tyr Asn Asp Arg Glu Arg Leu 210
215 220 Gln Ile Tyr Ile Ser Asp Ala Gly Ile Leu Ala Val Cys Tyr Gly
Leu 225 230 235 240 Phe Arg Tyr Ala Ala Ala Gln Gly Val Ala Ser Met
Val Cys Phe Tyr 245 250 255 Gly Val Pro Leu Leu Ile Val Asn Gly Phe
Leu Val Leu Ile Thr Tyr 260 265 270 Leu Gln His Thr His Pro Ser Leu
Pro His Tyr Asp Ser Ser Glu Trp 275 280 285 Asp Trp Leu Arg Gly Ala
Leu Ala Thr Val Asp Arg Asp Tyr Glu Ile 290 295 300 Leu Asn Lys Val
Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp Thr His Val Ala His His 305 310 315 320 Leu
Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala Met Glu Ala Thr Lys Ala 325 330
335 Ile Lys Pro Ile Leu Gly Glu Tyr Tyr Gln Phe Asp Gly Thr Pro Val
340 345 350 Val Lys Ala Met Trp Arg Glu Ala Lys Glu Cys Ile Tyr Val
Glu Pro 355 360 365 Asp Arg Gln Gly Glu Lys Lys Gly Val Phe Trp Tyr
Asn Asn Lys Leu 370 375 380 19 21 DNA Artificial Sequence primer 19
ggatatgatg atggtgaaag a 21 20 21 DNA Artificial Sequence primer 20
tctttcacca tcatcatatc c 21 21 21 DNA Artificial Sequence primer 21
gttatgaagc aaagaagaaa c 21 22 26 DNA Artificial Sequence primer 22
gtttcttctt tgctttgctt cataac 26 23 32 DNA Artificial Sequence
primer 23 caucaucauc aucttcttcg tagggttcat cg 32 24 33 DNA
Artificial Sequence primer 24 cuacuacuac uatcatagaa gagaaaggtt cag
33 25 32 DNA Artificial Sequence primer 25 caucaucauc aucatgggtg
cacgtggaag aa 32 26 33 DNA Artificial Sequence primer 26 cuacuacuac
uatctttcac catcatcata tcc 33 27 30 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 27 Ile
Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe Ser Asp Tyr 1 5 10
15 Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser Phe 20 25 30
28 30 PRT Glycine max 28 Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His
His Ala Phe Ser Lys Tyr 1 5 10 15 Gln Trp Val Asp Asp Val Val Gly
Leu Thr Leu His Ser Thr 20 25 30 29 30 PRT Zea mays 29 Val Trp Val
Ile Ala His Glu Cys Gly His His Ala Phe Ser Asp Tyr 1 5 10 15 Ser
Leu Leu Asp Asp Val Val Gly Leu Val Leu His Ser Ser 20 25 30 30 29
PRT Ricinus communis 30 Trp Val Met Ala His Asp Cys Gly His His Ala
Phe Ser Asp Tyr Gln 1 5 10 15 Leu Leu Asp Asp Val Val Gly Leu Ile
Leu His Ser Cys 20 25 31 29 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 31 Leu Leu Val
Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His His 1 5 10 15 Ser
Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val 20 25 32 29 PRT
Glycine max 32 Leu Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys Ile Ser His Arg
Arg His His 1 5 10 15 Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Asp Arg Asp Glu Val
Phe Val 20 25 33 29 PRT Zea mays 33 Leu Met Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp
Lys Tyr Ser His Arg Arg His His 1 5 10 15 Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu
Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val 20 25 34 29 PRT Ricinus communis 34 Leu
Leu Val Pro Tyr Phe Ser Trp Lys His Ser His Arg Arg His His 1 5 10
15 Ser Asn Thr Gly Ser Leu Glu Arg Asp Glu Val Phe Val 20 25 35 36
PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 35 Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Leu Asn Lys Val
Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp 1 5 10 15 Thr His Val Ala His His Leu Phe
Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr Asn Ala 20 25 30 Met Glu Ala Thr 35 36 36
PRT Glycine max 36 Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His
His Ile Thr Asp 1 5 10 15 Thr His Val Ala His His Leu Phe Ser Thr
Met Pro His Tyr His Ala 20 25 30 Met Glu Ala Thr 35 37 36 PRT Zea
mays 37 Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Leu Asn Arg Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr
Asp 1 5 10 15 Thr His Val Ala His His Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His
Tyr His Ala 20 25 30 Met Glu Ala Thr 35 38 27 PRT Ricinus communis
38 Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp
1 5 10 15 Thr Gln Val Ala His His Leu Phe Thr Met Pro 20 25 39 16
PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 39 Ile Lys Trp Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn
Pro Leu Gly Arg Ile Met 1 5 10 15 40 16 PRT Glycine max 40 Val Ala
Trp Phe Ser Leu Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu Gly Arg Ala Val 1 5 10 15
41 16
PRT Zea mays 41 Pro Trp Tyr Thr Pro Tyr Val Tyr Asn Asn Pro Val Gly
Arg Val Val 1 5 10 15 42 16 PRT Ricinus communis 42 Ile Arg Trp Tyr
Ser Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Pro Gly Arg Ile Met 1 5 10 15 43 22 PRT
Arabidopsis thaliana 43 Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly
His Gly Ser Phe Ser 1 5 10 15 Asn Asp Pro Lys Leu Asn 20 44 22 PRT
Brassica napus 44 Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His
Gly Ser Phe Ser 1 5 10 15 Asn Asp Pro Arg Leu Asn 20 45 22 PRT
Glycine max 45 Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly His Gly
Ser Phe Ser 1 5 10 15 Asn Asn Ser Lys Leu Asn 20 46 22 PRT
Arabidopsis thaliana 46 Trp Ala Ile Phe Val Leu Gly His Asp Cys Gly
His Gly Ser Phe Ser 1 5 10 15 Asp Ile Pro Leu Leu Asn 20 47 10 PRT
Artificial Sequence exemplary motif 47 Asp Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Leu
Asn Lys Val 1 5 10 48 22 PRT Glycine max 48 Trp Ala Leu Phe Val Leu
Gly His Asp Cys Gly His Gly Ser Phe Ser 1 5 10 15 Asp Ser Pro Pro
Leu Asn 20 49 29 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 49 Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr
His Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His 1 5 10 15 Gln Asn His
Gly His Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp His 20 25 50 10 PRT Artificial
Sequence exemplary motif 50 Asp Arg Asp Tyr Glu Ile Leu Asn Lys Val
1 5 10 51 29 PRT Glycine max 51 Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg
Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His 1 5 10 15 Gln His His Gly His Ala Glu
Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp His 20 25 52 29 PRT Arabidopsis thaliana 52 Ile
Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His 1 5 10
15 Gln Asn His Gly His Val Glu Asn Asp Glu Ser Trp Val 20 25 53 6
PRT Artificial Sequence exemplary motif 53 Lys Tyr His Asn Asn Pro
1 5 54 29 PRT Glycine max 54 Ile Leu Val Pro Tyr His Gly Trp Arg
Ile Ser His Arg Thr His His 1 5 10 15 Gln Asn His Gly His Ile Glu
Lys Asp Glu Ser Trp Val 20 25 55 6 PRT Brassica napus 55 Gly His
Asp Cys Ala His 1 5 56 6 PRT Brassica napus 56 Gly His Lys Cys Gly
His 1 5 57 6 PRT Brassica napus VARIANT amino acid residues 94-99
of Canola-Fad3 57 Gly His Asp Cys Gly His 1 5 58 5 PRT Artificial
Sequence exemplary motif 58 His Lys Cys Gly His 1 5 59 12 DNA
Phaseolus vulgaris 59 tggtcttttg gt 12 60 5 PRT Artificial Sequence
exemplary motif 60 His Glu Cys Gly His 1 5 61 5 PRT Artificial
Sequence exemplary motif 61 His Arg Arg His His 1 5 62 5 PRT
Artificial Sequence exemplary motif 62 His Arg Thr His His 1 5 63 5
PRT Artificial Sequence exemplary motif 63 His Val Ala His His 1 5
64 6 PRT Artificial Sequence exemplary motif 64 Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn
Pro 1 5 65 29 PRT Brassica napus 65 Val Trp Val Ile Ala His Glu Cys
Gly His His Ala Phe Ser Asp Tyr 1 5 10 15 Gln Trp Leu Asp Asp Thr
Val Gly Leu Ile Phe His Ser 20 25 66 36 PRT Brassica napus 66 Asp
Arg Asp Tyr Gly Ile Leu Asn Lys Val Phe His Asn Ile Thr Asp 1 5 10
15 Thr His Val Ala His His Leu Phe Ser Thr Met Pro His Tyr His Ala
20 25 30 Met Glu Ala Thr 35 67 16 PRT Brassica napus 67 Ile Lys Trp
Tyr Gly Lys Tyr Leu Asn Asn Pro Leu Gly Arg Thr Val 1 5 10 15 68 6
PRT Artificial Sequence exemplary motif 68 Ala His Lys Cys Gly His
1 5 69 6 PRT Artificial Sequence exemplary motif 69 Ala His Glu Cys
Gly His 1 5 70 5 PRT Artificial Sequence exemplary motif 70 His Asp
Cys Gly His 1 5
* * * * *