U.S. patent application number 10/586551 was filed with the patent office on 2007-07-12 for screwdriver device and screw.
This patent application is currently assigned to Nippon Telegraph and Telephone Corporation. Invention is credited to Tatsuya Hirahara, Hiroshi Kawano.
Application Number | 20070157736 10/586551 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34812174 |
Filed Date | 2007-07-12 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070157736 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Kawano; Hiroshi ; et
al. |
July 12, 2007 |
Screwdriver device and screw
Abstract
To provide a screw fastening device that, when performing a
screw tightening operation, can substantially reduce the running
torque directly applied by external force to a screw driving
device. A characteristic constitution is adopted that is equips a
screw driving device a2 with a device body 1 that stacks a
plurality of piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 that generate
predetermined ultrasonic oscillations with the application of a
predetermined AC voltage and excites mechanical oscillations in a
predetermined direction on an oscillating end surface 1a based on
the ultrasonic oscillations; and a male distal end portion 21 that
is correspondingly formed to be capable of fitting in a female
recess 103 formed in a screw .beta.1 and integrally fixed to the
device body 1 on the oscillating end surface 1a of the device body
1 to impart running torque, which is directly applied to the screw
driving device .alpha.2 by external force, and transmit the
mechanical oscillations in the predetermined direction that the
device body 1 excites to the screw .beta.1, with which contact is
made by fitting in the female recess 103.
Inventors: |
Kawano; Hiroshi;
(Atsugi-shi, JP) ; Hirahara; Tatsuya; (Kyoto,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
HARNESS, DICKEY & PIERCE, P.L.C.
P.O. BOX 828
BLOOMFIELD HILLS
MI
48303
US
|
Assignee: |
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone
Corporation
3-1, Otemachi 2-chome, Chiyoda-ku
Tokyo
JP
100-8116
|
Family ID: |
34812174 |
Appl. No.: |
10/586551 |
Filed: |
January 20, 2005 |
PCT Filed: |
January 20, 2005 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/JP05/00663 |
371 Date: |
January 22, 2007 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
73/761 |
Current CPC
Class: |
F16B 39/26 20130101;
F16B 43/00 20130101; B23P 19/06 20130101; F16B 31/04 20130101; B25B
21/00 20130101; F16B 23/00 20130101; B23P 19/065 20130101; B25B
23/0085 20130101; B25B 23/12 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
073/761 |
International
Class: |
F16B 31/02 20060101
F16B031/02 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Jan 21, 2004 |
JP |
2004-013184 |
Mar 10, 2004 |
JP |
2004-067207 |
May 18, 2004 |
JP |
2004-147113 |
Aug 18, 2004 |
JP |
204-237880 |
Claims
1. A screw driving device for performing a tightening operation and
a loosening operation on a screw with respect to a screw hole that
is correspondingly formed in a member to be fastened, comprising:
device body in which are provided piezoelectric element that
generates predetermined ultrasonic oscillations upon being
impressed with a predetermined alternating current, and an
oscillating end surface on which mechanical oscillations are
excited based on the ultrasonic oscillations; and an oscillation
transmission means that is integrally fixed to the device body on
the oscillating end surface and that transmits the mechanical
oscillations to the screw by contact with the screw.
2. The screw driving device according to claim 1, wherein the
oscillation transmission means has a male distal end portion that
is correspondingly formed to be capable of fitting in a female
recess formed in a screw head of the screw, and that imparts
running torque by external force and transmits mechanical
oscillations in a predetermined direction that the device body
excites to the screw with which contact is made by fitting in the
female recess.
3. The screw driving device according to claim 1, wherein the
piezoelectric element comprises two types of piezoelectric element
groups when the rotation axis in the rotation direction of a screw
is set as a z-axis in an xyz orthogonal coordinate system, namely,
pitch-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric elements that
excite pitch-direction flexural oscillation having a y-axis as a
pitch axis, and roll-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric
elements that excite roll-direction flexural oscillation having an
x-axis, which is perpendicular to the pitch axis, as a roll
axis.
4. The screw driving device according to claim 3, wherein the
device body is constituted to enable application of the
predetermined AC voltage so that the flexural oscillation in a
pitch direction to be excited by the pitch direction flexural
oscillation piezoelectric elements and the flexural oscillation in
a roll direction to be excited by the roll direction flexural
oscillation piezoelectric elements have a phase difference of
90.degree. therebetween.
5. The screw driving device according to claim 4, wherein the
device body is a Langevin oscillator.
6. The screw driving device according to claim 4, wherein the
device body functions as a stator of a traveling-wave ultrasonic
motor that generates traveling flexural elastic waves in the
piezoelectric elements by application of the AC voltage and
transmits the mechanical oscillations in a predetermined direction
based on the traveling flexural elastic waves to the male distal
end portion.
7. The screw driving device according to claim 1, wherein the
oscillation transmission means includes a frictional material that
is provided with a screw contact surface that is correspondingly
formed to be capable of surface contact with a top end face formed
on the screw head of the screw to transmit ultrasonic mechanical
oscillations to the screw by frictional contact with the top end
face.
8. The screw driving device according to claim 7, wherein the
device body includes a preload generating means that generates a
preload for steadily press-contacting the top end face of the screw
head against the screw contact surface of the frictional
material.
9. The screw driving device according to claim 8, wherein the
preload generating means is embedded in a distal end oscillating
member that constitutes the oscillating end surface of the device
body, and is a permanent magnet that generates magnetic force that
attracts the screw head in a direction that presses the top end
face of the screw against the screw contact surface incorporated
with the rear face of the frictional material, or is a suction tube
that passes through the device body for generating adsorption power
which attracts the screw head by having a suction port face the
center portion of the frictional material that is annularly
shaped.
10. The screw driving device according to claim 8, wherein in the
case in which the screw has a relative length that exposes a screw
distal end from a back of the member to be fastened in the process
of being screwed in the screw hole, and the screw distal end has a
distal end flat face that includes a plane element corresponding to
the top end face of the screw head, the preload generating means is
a vise mechanism member that generates mechanical force that
presses the distal end flat face of the screw distal end, which is
in the state of being exposed from the back of the member to be
fastened, in a direction of making the top end face of the screw
head press against the screw contact surface of the frictional
material, and the vise mechanism member includes a preload
transmission shaft that joins to freely interlock integrally with
axial rotational motion that is transmitted to the screw via the
frictional material from the device body while pressing the distal
end flat face of the screw distal end with the mechanical force,
and a ball bearing set that fittingly holds with shaft bearings the
preload transmission shaft in a manner allowing it to spin
freely.
11. The screw driving device according to claim 8, wherein in the
case in which the screw has a relative length that exposes the
screw distal end from the back of the member to be fastened in the
process of being screwed in the screw hole, and the screw distal
end has a distal end flat face that includes a plane element
corresponding to the top end face of the screw head, the preload
generating means includes a second device body constituted by
stacking a plurality of piezoelectric elements so that accompanying
the application of an AC voltage to the plurality of piezoelectric
elements ultrasonic oscillations are generated that can make the
distal end flat face of the screw distal end in contact with the
oscillating end surface thereof perform axial rotational motion,
and a flat, disc-shaped second frictional material that is adhered
to the oscillating end surface of the second device body and
transmit the axial rotational motion accompanying the ultrasonic
oscillations to the screw by making frictional contact with the
distal end flat face of the screw distal end, with the second
device body is positioned with its axial center aligned so that the
axial rotational motion that is transmitted to the screw via the
frictional material from the device body and the axial rotational
motion that is transmitted to the screw via the second frictional
material perform coaxial rotation when positioned to be capable of
pressing via the second frictional material the distal end flat
face of the screw distal end, which is in the state of being
exposed from the back of the member to be fastened in a positional
relation with the device body of facing each other while
sandwiching the screw and the screw hole therebetween.
12. The screw driving device according to claim 10, wherein the
vise mechanism member includes, in place of the preload
transmission shaft and the ball bearing set, a second device body
constituted by stacking a plurality of piezoelectric elements so
that accompanying the application of an AC voltage to the plurality
of piezoelectric elements ultrasonic oscillations are generated
that can make the distal end flat face of the screw distal end in
contact with the oscillating end surface thereof perform axial
rotational motion, a flat, disc-shaped second frictional material
that is adhered to the oscillating end surface of the second device
body and transmits the axial rotational motion accompanying the
ultrasonic oscillations to the screw by making frictional contact
with the distal end flat face of the screw distal end, and the
second device body is positioned with its axial center aligned so
that the axial rotational motion that is transmitted to the screw
via the frictional material from the device body and the axial
rotational motion that is transmitted to the screw via the second
frictional material perform coaxial rotation when pressing the
distal end flat face of the screw distal end by the mechanical
force generated by the vise mechanism member.
13. The screw driving device according to claim 7, wherein the
device body, in its positional relation with the member to be
fastened, has the screw contact surface of the frictional material
positionally arranged to freely maintain a permanent contact state
with the top end face of the screw head even after completion of
the fastening operating of the screw with respect to the screw
hole.
14. The screw driving device according to claim 13, wherein the
device body includes a laser range finder that periodically
measures by a laser beam the distance between a range-finder
reference point provided on the device body and the fastened body,
wherein the laser range finder is constituted to automatically
instruct the corresponding plurality of piezoelectric elements to
start application control of the AC voltage for generating the
ultrasonic oscillations that perform the fastening operation of the
screw when loosening of the screw is detected by the measured
distance exceeding a predetermined value.
15. The screw driving device according to claim 1, wherein the
device body is constituted to form a cylinder with a center hole by
integrally stacking a plurality of piezoelectric elements that form
an annular shape has a center hole and a flange member that
projects a guard portion further to the outer circumference than
the piezoelectric elements at a non-oscillating region among
oscillations that the plurality of piezoelectric elements excite
and through which a center hole is formed for securing that
position and, accompanying the application of AC voltage to the
plurality of piezoelectric elements, generating ultrasonic
oscillations capable of transmitting an axial rotational motion to
the top end face of the screw head in contact with the oscillating
end surface, the oscillation transmission means includes a
frictional material that is provided with a screw contact surface
that is correspondingly formed to be surface contactable with the
top end face formed on the screw head of the screw to transmit
ultrasonic mechanical oscillations to the screw by making
frictional contact with the top end face, and the oscillation
transmission means further includes a screw driving device-side
hook that is connected to the distal end of a wire that is inserted
in the center hole of the device body and constituted to be capable
of engaging with a screw-side engaging portion that is provided in
a protruding manner on the top end face of the screw, a preload
generating means that tensions the screw driving device-side hook
via the wire to generate a preload force for steadily
press-contacting the oscillating end surface of the device body and
the top end face of the screw head, and a preload generating means
fixing member that faces a vicinity further to the rear of the rear
end surface of the device body opposite the oscillating end
surface, and secures the preload generating means while facing the
flange member.
16. The screw driving device according to claim 15, wherein the
preload generating means fixing member is constituted by coupling a
pin shaft end that is movably supported to spin freely in bearings
provided in the center and a wire end that rotates in conjunction
with the axial rotational motion of the screw that is transmitted
by the screw driving device-side hook.
17. A screw driving device according to claim 15, wherein the
preload generating means is a compressive elastic body group that
continuously presses the oscillating end surface of the device body
to make contact with the top end face of the screw head by being
tautly stretched in parallel between symmetrical sections of the
guard portion of the flange member and sections of the preload
generating means fixing member opposite the guard portion with the
device body placed therebetween to apply the compressive elastic
force to the flange member and to the preload generating means
fixing member.
18. The screw driving device according to claim 15, comprising a
frame-type elastic body fixing member that contains the device body
together with the preload generating means fixing member in a state
of exposing the oscillating end surface to the outside, with both
ends thereof is fixed to opposite ends of the guard portion of the
flange member, wherein the preload generating means is a tensile
elastic body group that continuously presses the oscillating end
surface of the device body to make contact with the top end face of
the screw head by being tautly stretched in parallel between the
preload generating means fixing member and sections of the elastic
body fixing member that face symmetrical sections of the preload
generating means fixing member.
19. The screw driving device according to claim 15, wherein the
preload generating means is a tensile elastic body that presses the
oscillating end surface of the device body to make contact with the
top end face of the screw head by being tautly stretched to
interpose between the wire and the preload generating means fixing
member to apply a tensile elastic force to the wire and the preload
generating means fixing member.
20. The screw driving device according to claim 15, comprising
stoppers that are adjustably constituted so as to generate the
preload force on the oscillating end surface of the device body and
the top end face of the screw head, the stoppers spanning between
the guard portion of the flange member and the sections of the
preload generating means fixing member facing the guard portion,
with one end thereof is openably and closably hinged via a hinge,
and a claw portion at the other end detachably engaging with the
outside edge of the preload generating means fixing member that is
faced, and so when hitching and unhitching the screw driving
device-side hook that projects from the center hole of the
oscillating end surface with respect to the screw-side engaging
portion in the engaged state, by fixing the gap between the guard
portion of the flange member and the preload generating means
fixing member to a predetermined gap in opposition to the preload
force generated in the preload generating means, the oscillating
end surface of the device body and the top end face of the screw
head are spaced apart, releasing the preload force imparted to the
oscillating end surface of the device body and the top end face of
the screw head, and on the other hand when releasing the engagement
of the claw portions, the preload force is applied, which spaces
out the gap to be greater than the predetermined gap, whereby the
oscillating end surface of the device body and the top end face of
the screw head are brought into contact.
21. The screw driving device according to claim 15, comprising vise
mechanism members that press symmetrical sections of the guard
portion of the flange member and sections of the preload generating
means fixing member opposite the guard portion by being interposed
therebetween so as to freely move them closer or farther apart and
generate an adjustable mechanical force in a given gap between the
guard portion of the flange member and the preload generating means
fixing member in opposition to the preload force generated in the
preload generating means, is adjustably constituted to generate the
preload force of the desired magnitude on the oscillating end
surface of the device body and the top end face of the screw
head.
22. The screw driving device according to claim 15, wherein the
preload generating means fixing member is a U-shaped frame body has
both ends fixed to symmetrical sections of the guard portion of the
flange member so as to contain at least the rear portion of the
device body, and the preload generating means is a direct-acting
actuator that generates a predetermined tension in a linear
direction in the wire, is installed on the preload generating means
fixing member on the center hole cylindrical extension of the
device body further to the rear of the rear end surface of the
device body.
23. The screw driving device according to claim 15, wherein the
device body has a magnet that is embedded in a distal end
oscillating member that constitutes the oscillating end surface of
the device body and that generates magnetic force that attracts the
screw head in a direction that press-contacts the top end face of
the screw head on the oscillating end surface.
24. A screw corresponding to the screw driving device as claimed in
claim 7, wherein the top end face of the screw head has a flat
surface that includes only of a disc-shaped flat element without a
"+" or "-" recess corresponding to the frictional material of the
screw driving device, and the top portion circumferential side
portion of the screw head has a circumferential side surface
including only of a circular surface element.
25. A screw corresponding to the screw driving device as claimed in
claim 15, wherein the top end face of the screw head is formed as a
circular flat surface without a female recess that correspondingly
fits the distal end of the screw driving device, and providing in a
protruding manner on the circular flat surface a screw-side
engaging portion that is capable of engaging with the screw driving
device-side hook.
26. The screw according to claim 25, wherein the screw-side
engaging portion is constituted to be able to be cut off so that
after screwing in the screw, the top end face of the screw head
becomes a circular flat surface.
27. A screw corresponding to the screw driving device as claimed in
claim 1, in which a screw-threaded shaft that is made to
protrudingly stand on the center of the seating surface of the
screw head is screwed into a screw hole that is correspondingly
formed in the member to be fastened, and after is once fastened to
the screw hole, enhances the fastening force by increasing the
pressing force that acts between the seating surface of the screw
head and the member to be fastened, comprising: a washer that
exerts the fastening force of the screw by being mounted on the
screw-threaded shaft to make contact with the circumferential edge
of the screw hole when the screw is fastened to the member to be
fastened; and an elastic force generating means that applies an
elastic force that expands the space between the screw head and the
washer to increase the pressing force of the washer to the member
to be fastened.
28. The screw according to claim 27, comprising an elastic force
restraining means that is constituted to fix in a predetermined gap
the elastic force generating means in a pre-compressed state by
forcibly applying to the seating surface of the screw head and the
end face of the washer facing opposite a restraining force that
opposes the elastic force of the elastic force generating means,
and when the application of the restraining force is released after
fastening to the screw hole, the elastic force restraining means is
capable of releasing the elastic force of the elastic force
generating means.
29. The screw according to claim 28, wherein the elastic force
restraining means is an adhesive that sets to adhesively fix the
elastic force generating means in a compressed state so as to bring
the seating surface of the screw head and the end face of the
washer facing opposite closer together until a predetermined gap,
and is capable of releasing the elastic force of the elastic force
generating means by releasing the adhesive fixation when a
predetermined process is performed.
30. The screw according to claim 28, wherein the screw-threaded
shaft annularly projecting a water ingress prevention means that
seals a gap between the screw-threaded shaft and the screw hole so
that, when a predetermined releasing means is applied to release
the application of the restraining force of the elastic force
restraining means, ingress of water of the releasing means is
prevented from entering the screw hole.
31. The screw according to claim 27, wherein the elastic force
generating means includes a compression coil spring that is
constituted by an elastic member, that revolves spirally centered
on the neck end portion of the screw-threaded shaft and is
interposed between the seating surface of the screw head and the
end face of the washer facing opposite.
32. The screw according to claim 27, wherein the washer and the
elastic force generating means is integrally formed by a spring
washer.
33. The screw according to claim 27, wherein the top end face of
the screw head is formed as a flat surface without a female recess
that correspondingly fits the oscillation transmission means of the
screw driving device.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a screw driving device for
performing a screw fastening operation or loosening operation, and
a screw compatible therewith.
[0002] Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No.
2004-013184, filed on Jan. 21, 2004, Japanese Patent Application
No. 2004-067207, filed on Mar. 10, 2004, Japanese Patent
Application No. 2004-147113, filed on May 18, 2004, and Japanese
Patent Application No. 2004-237880, filed Aug. 18, 2004, the
contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND ART
[0003] Conventionally, a screw is widely used as a joining means
for members. As a common means for tightening such a screw,
conventionally, a female recess such as a plus (+)-shaped "cross
recess" or a minus (-)-shaped "slot" mis formed in the top portion
of the screw, so that by fitting therein the distal end of a screw
driving device, such as a correspondingly formed screwdriver, and
turning, running torque for fastening the screw is applied to the
screw.
[0004] Also, in addition to the method that forms such a "cross
recess" or a "slot," there is also known one that forms a recess of
a special shape such as a hook-shaped "claw" in a circumferential
side portion of the head portion, and so by fitting in this claw a
special screwdriver having a corresponding distal end shape,
fastening torque is applied to the screw.
[0005] On the other hand, as an actuator capable of exerting high
running torque, there is known an ultrasonic motor that can obtain
high stationary torque particularly when the rotor is stationary,
as disclosed for example in Non-patent Document 1 given below.
Non-patent Document 1: Kentaro Nakamura, Minoru Kurosawa, and
Sadayuki Ueha: "Characteristics of a Hybrid Transducer-Type
Ultrasonic Motor", IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics,
Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control, Vol. 38, No. 3, May 1991, p.
188-193. Non-patent Document 2: Hiroshi Kawano and Hideyuki Ando:
"Development of Piezo Electric Screwdriver for a Recessless Screw",
Proceedings of the 2004 Conference on Robotics and Mechatronics,
Japan Society of the Mechanical Engineers, June 2004.
DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION
Problems to be Solved by the Invention
[0006] However, a large torque must be applied to a screw in order
to fasten the screw, and so when fastening a screw, the required
torque has been applied to the screw using manual power or electric
power. When there are many screws to be fastened, and when the
member to be fastened by the screw is hard, a great amount of labor
is required, or a large electrical power load or the like is
necessary.
[0007] Also on the other hand, in a mechanical product whose
exterior structural elements are constituted by screw joining,
since the top portions of the screw heads are as a matter of course
exposed on the surface thereof, the overall aesthetic appearance of
the mechanical product is marred by the fastening means such as a
female recess provided in the top portion of the screw heads or a
claw provided in the circumferential side portion of the head
portion.
[0008] Moreover, a screw that is fastened to a structural member
(member to be fastened) can be readily loosened by using a screw
driving device that has a distal end shape corresponding to the
fastening means. However, this characteristic is extremely
unsuitable when disadvantages arise by loosening of screws by a
third party that have been attached in a formal process (for
example, when not removing screws serves as a condition for a
product warranty).
[0009] Furthermore, when a mechanical product constituted by screw
joining is used over a long period, the screws naturally come
loose.
[0010] For this reason, screws provided with a specially shaped
recess as described above have also been used as screws with
tamper-proof uses. However, the aesthetic appearance of the member
surface fastened with such screws can be greatly marred by the
shape of the recess. Also, if there is a person in possession of a
screwdriver that matches the special recess, then the possibility
remains that the screw will be loosened.
[0011] In order to solve such problems, a piezoelectric screwdriver
(screw driving device) for fastening screws not having recesses on
the screw heads as disclosed in the aforementioned Non-patent
Document 2 has been proposed.
[0012] However, when fastening screws simply by pressing a
piezoelectric driver against the top portion of a recessless screw,
it is difficult to attain sufficiently high fastening force. As a
result, the obtaining of a higher fastening force has been sought
in order to perform reliable screw fastening.
[0013] In order to solve the above problems, the present inventors
performed experiments using transducers employed as the stator of
an ultrasonic motor as disclosed in the aforementioned Non-patent
Document 1 to serve as a device body of a screw driving device. As
a result, they found that, in the case of turning a screw with such
a screw driving device, causing the transducers to oscillate
imparts mechanical oscillations in a predetermined direction by an
ultrasonic range frequency that is the same as mechanical
oscillations, and by utilizing the restrictive guidance arising
from the frictional force between the screw thread of a screw being
screwed and a screw hole, running torque is generated in one
direction. They therefore succeeded in creating a screwdriver for
fastening and loosening of screws with respect to screw holes
formed in a given structural member.
[0014] Also the present inventors caused a device body including
the transducers used as the stator of the ultrasonic motor
disclosed in Non-Patent Document 1 to generate oscillations to a
screw not having a female recess in the head portion. As a result,
the inventors succeeded in creating a screw driving device for
fastening and loosening screws with respect to screw holes formed
in a given structural member by directly transmitting to the screw
head an axial rotational motion produced on the oscillating end
surface of the device body.
[0015] Furthermore, the present inventors succeeded in creating a
screw with which sufficient fastening force is obtained for
reliable screw fastening.
[0016] The main objects to be solved by the present invention are
as follows.
[0017] A first object of the present invention is to provide a
screw driving device that, when performing a screw fastening
operation, can substantially reduce the running torque directly
applied by external force to a screw driving device by transmitting
mechanical oscillations in a predetermined direction based on
ultrasonic oscillations along with rotation to a screw from the
screw driving device to generate one-directional running torque
from the restrictive guidance of frictional force that acts between
the thread of the screw and the screw hole.
[0018] A second object of the present invention is to provide a
screw driving device that, by being provided with two types of
piezoelectric element groups that excite flexural oscillations in a
mutually perpendicular pitch direction and roll direction in a
device body including transducers, is capable of generating a
predetermined running torque to a screw by transmitting a
predetermined oscillation based on mechanical oscillations in a
predetermined direction that are excited in the screw driving
device.
[0019] More specifically, by exciting flexural oscillations having
a mutual phase difference with piezoelectric elements that generate
flexural oscillations in a pitch direction and piezoelectric
elements that generate flexural oscillations in a roll direction
stacked in a device body including transducers, the rotation
direction and rotation speed of the screw can be controlled as
desired. For example, if the phase difference is set to
+90.degree., the screw can be made to rotate in the positive
rotation direction at the maximum angular velocity, and if the
phase difference is set to -90.degree., the screw can be made to
rotate in the reverse rotation direction at the maximum angular
velocity.
[0020] A third object of the present invention is to provide a
screw driving device that is capable of performing a screw
fastening operation on a screw not equipped with a fastening means
on the screw head, and a screw head not equipped with a fastening
means on the screw head.
[0021] A fourth object of the present invention is to provide a
screw driving device that can prevent loosening by a third party
and a screw therefor.
[0022] A fifth object of the present invention is to provide a
screw driving device that is capable of automatically performing
maintenance of loosening that occurs over time, and a screw
therefor.
[0023] A sixth object of the present invention is to provide a
screw driving device that is capable of obtaining a high fastening
torque by reliably urging a pressure contact between the top end
face of a screw head and the oscillating end surface of the
piezoelectric actuator without marring the aesthetic appearance of
the screw joined member, and a screw therefor.
[0024] A seventh object of the present invention is to provide a
screw that can sufficiently utilize the fastening force generated
by a washer by acting to release an elastic force between the screw
head and a washer that had been inhibited following the screw
fastening so as to increase the pressing force generated with the
member to be fastened after fastening in the screw hole.
[0025] An eight object of the present invention is to provide a
screw that can generate an elastic force that is made to act as a
pressing force on a member to be fastened in which a screw hole is
formed with a simple constitution.
[0026] A ninth object of the present invention is to provide a
screw that, by utilizing an adhesive on an elastic force
restraining means, hardens and cures in a state of compressing a
resilient force generating means, and by being easily exfoliated
after fastening of the screw is capable of freely releasing the
elastic force.
[0027] Other objects of the present invention will be evident from
the specification and drawings, and particularly the recitation of
the claims.
Means for Solving the Problem
[0028] The screw driving device according to the present invention
devises a characteristic means equipped with a device body in which
are integrally fixed piezoelectric elements that generate
predetermined ultrasonic oscillations upon being impressed with a
predetermined alternating current and an oscillating end surface on
which mechanical oscillations are excited based on the ultrasonic
oscillations, and with an oscillation transmission means that is
integrally fixed to the device body on the oscillating end surface
and transmits the mechanical oscillations to a screw by contact
with the screw.
[0029] Also, more specifically, in solving the aforementioned
problems, the present invention adopts the novel, characteristic
constitution means extending from a broader concept to a narrower
concept enumerated as follows to thereby achieve the aforementioned
objects.
[0030] That is, the screw driving device according to the present
invention is a screw driving device for performing a tightening
operation and a loosening operation on a screw with respect to a
screw hole that is correspondingly formed in a member to be
fastened, includes a device body in which are provided
piezoelectric element that generates predetermined ultrasonic
oscillations upon being impressed with a predetermined alternating
current, and an oscillating end surface on which mechanical
oscillations are excited based on the ultrasonic oscillations; and
an oscillation transmission means that is integrally fixed to the
device body on the oscillating end surface and that transmits the
mechanical oscillations to the screw by contact with the screw.
[0031] Also, in the screw driving device according to the present
invention, the oscillation transmission means has a male distal end
portion that is correspondingly formed to be capable of fitting in
a female recess formed in a screw head of the screw, and that
imparts running torque by external force and transmits mechanical
oscillations in a predetermined direction that the device body
excites to the screw with which contact is made by fitting in the
female recess.
[0032] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the piezoelectric element comprises two types of
piezoelectric element groups when the rotation axis in the rotation
direction of a screw is set as a z-axis in an xyz orthogonal
coordinate system, namely, pitch-direction flexural oscillation
piezoelectric elements that excite pitch-direction flexural
oscillation having a y-axis as a pitch axis, and roll-direction
flexural oscillation piezoelectric elements that excite
roll-direction flexural oscillation having an x-axis, which is
perpendicular to the pitch axis, as a roll axis.
[0033] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the device body is constituted to enable
application of the predetermined AC voltage so that the flexural
oscillation in a pitch direction to be excited by the pitch
direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric elements and the
flexural oscillation in a roll direction to be excited by the roll
direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric elements have a phase
difference of 90.degree. therebetween.
[0034] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the device body is a Langevin oscillator.
[0035] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the device body functions as a stator of a
traveling-wave ultrasonic motor that generates traveling flexural
elastic waves in the piezoelectric elements by application of the
AC voltage and transmits the mechanical oscillations in a
predetermined direction based on the traveling flexural elastic
waves to the male distal end portion.
[0036] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the oscillation transmission means includes a
frictional material that is provided with a screw contact surface
that is correspondingly formed to be capable of surface contact
with a top end face formed on the screw head of the screw to
transmit ultrasonic mechanical oscillations to the screw by
frictional contact with the top end face.
[0037] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the device body includes a preload generating
means that generates a preload for steadily press-contacting the
top end face of the screw head against the screw contact surface of
the frictional material.
[0038] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the preload generating means is embedded in a
distal end oscillating member that constitutes the oscillating end
surface of the device body, and is a permanent magnet that
generates magnetic force that attracts the screw head in a
direction that presses the top end face of the screw against the
screw contact surface incorporated with the rear face of the
frictional material, or is a suction tube that passes through the
device body for generating adsorption power which attracts the
screw head by having a suction port face the center portion of the
frictional material that is annularly shaped.
[0039] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, in the case in which the screw has a relative
length that exposes a screw distal end from a back of the member to
be fastened in the process of being screwed in the screw hole, and
the screw distal end has a distal end flat face that includes a
plane element corresponding to the top end face of the screw head,
the preload generating means is a vise mechanism member that
generates mechanical force that presses the distal end flat face of
the screw distal end, which is in the state of being exposed from
the back of the member to be fastened, in a direction of making the
top end face of the screw head press against the screw contact
surface of the frictional material, and the vise mechanism member
includes a preload transmission shaft that joins to freely
interlock integrally with axial rotational motion that is
transmitted to the screw via the frictional material from the
device body while pressing the distal end flat face of the screw
distal end with the mechanical force, and a ball bearing set that
fittingly holds with shaft bearings the preload transmission shaft
in a manner allowing it to spin freely.
[0040] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, in the case in which the screw has a relative
length that exposes the screw distal end from the back of the
member to be fastened in the process of being screwed in the screw
hole, and the screw distal end has a distal end flat face that
includes a plane element corresponding to the top end face of the
screw head, the preload generating means includes a second device
body constituted by stacking a plurality of piezoelectric elements
so that accompanying the application of an AC voltage to the
plurality of piezoelectric elements ultrasonic oscillations are
generated that can make the distal end flat face of the screw
distal end in contact with the oscillating end surface thereof
perform axial rotational motion, and a flat, disc-shaped second
frictional material that is adhered to the oscillating end surface
of the second device body and transmit the axial rotational motion
accompanying the ultrasonic oscillations to the screw by making
frictional contact with the distal end flat face of the screw
distal end, with the second device body is positioned with its
axial center aligned so that the axial rotational motion that is
transmitted to the screw via the frictional material from the
device body and the axial rotational motion that is transmitted to
the screw via the second frictional material perform coaxial
rotation when positioned to be capable of pressing via the second
frictional material the distal end flat face of the screw distal
end, which is in the state of being exposed from the back of the
member to be fastened in a positional relation with the device body
of facing each other while sandwiching the screw and the screw hole
therebetween.
[0041] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the vise mechanism member includes, in place of
the preload transmission shaft and the ball bearing set, a second
device body constituted by stacking a plurality of piezoelectric
elements so that accompanying the application of an AC voltage to
the plurality of piezoelectric elements ultrasonic oscillations are
generated that can make the distal end flat face of the screw
distal end in contact with the oscillating end surface thereof
perform axial rotational motion, a flat, disc-shaped second
frictional material that is adhered to the oscillating end surface
of the second device body and transmits the axial rotational motion
accompanying the ultrasonic oscillations to the screw by making
frictional contact with the distal end flat face of the screw
distal end, and the second device body is positioned with its axial
center aligned so that the axial rotational motion that is
transmitted to the screw via the frictional material from the
device body and the axial rotational motion that is transmitted to
the screw via the second frictional material perform coaxial
rotation when pressing the distal end flat face of the screw distal
end by the mechanical force generated by the vise mechanism
member.
[0042] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the device body, in its positional relation with
the member to be fastened, has the screw contact surface of the
frictional material positionally arranged to freely maintain a
permanent contact state with the top end face of the screw head
even after completion of the fastening operating of the screw with
respect to the screw hole.
[0043] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the device body includes a laser range finder
that periodically measures by a laser beam the distance between a
range-finder reference point provided on the device body and the
fastened body, wherein the laser range finder is constituted to
automatically instruct the corresponding plurality of piezoelectric
elements to start application control of the AC voltage for
generating the ultrasonic oscillations that perform the fastening
operation of the screw when loosening of the screw is detected by
the measured distance exceeding a predetermined value.
[0044] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the device body is constituted to form a
cylinder with a center hole by integrally stacking a plurality of
piezoelectric elements that form an annular shape has a center hole
and a flange member that projects a guard portion further to the
outer circumference than the piezoelectric elements at a
non-oscillating region among oscillations that the plurality of
piezoelectric elements excite and through which a center hole is
formed for securing that position and, accompanying the application
of AC voltage to the plurality of piezoelectric elements,
generating ultrasonic oscillations capable of transmitting an axial
rotational motion to the top end face of the screw head in contact
with the oscillating end surface, the oscillation transmission
means includes a frictional material that is provided with a screw
contact surface that is correspondingly formed to be surface
contactable with the top end face formed on the screw head of the
screw to transmit ultrasonic mechanical oscillations to the screw
by making frictional contact with the top end face, and the
oscillation transmission means further includes a screw driving
device-side hook that is connected to the distal end of a wire that
is inserted in the center hole of the device body and constituted
to be capable of engaging with a screw-side engaging portion that
is provided in a protruding manner on the top end face of the
screw, a preload generating means that tensions the screw driving
device-side hook via the wire to generate a preload force for
steadily press-contacting the oscillating end surface of the device
body and the top end face of the screw head, and a preload
generating means fixing member that faces a vicinity further to the
rear of the rear end surface of the device body opposite the
oscillating end surface, and secures the preload generating means
while facing the flange member.
[0045] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the preload generating means fixing member is
constituted by coupling a pin shaft end that is movably supported
to spin freely in bearings provided in the center and a wire end
that rotates in conjunction with the axial rotational motion of the
screw that is transmitted by the screw driving device-side
hook.
[0046] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the preload generating means is a compressive
elastic body group that continuously presses the oscillating end
surface of the device body to make contact with the top end face of
the screw head by being tautly stretched in parallel between
symmetrical sections of the guard portion of the flange member and
sections of the preload generating means fixing member opposite the
guard portion with the device body placed therebetween to apply the
compressive elastic force to the flange member and to the preload
generating means fixing member.
[0047] Furthermore, the screw driving device according to the
present invention includes a frame-type elastic body fixing member
that contains the device body together with the preload generating
means fixing member in a state of exposing the oscillating end
surface to the outside, with both ends thereof is fixed to opposite
ends of the guard portion of the flange member, wherein the preload
generating means is a tensile elastic body group that continuously
presses the oscillating end surface of the device body to make
contact with the top end face of the screw head by being tautly
stretched in parallel between the preload generating means fixing
member and sections of the elastic body fixing member that face
symmetrical sections of the preload generating means fixing
member.
[0048] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the preload generating means is a tensile
elastic body that presses the oscillating end surface of the device
body to make contact with the top end face of the screw head by
being tautly stretched to interpose between the wire and the
preload generating means fixing member to apply a tensile elastic
force to the wire and the preload generating means fixing
member.
[0049] Furthermore, the screw driving device according to the
present invention includes stoppers that are adjustably constituted
so as to generate the preload force on the oscillating end surface
of the device body and the top end face of the screw head, the
stoppers spanning between the guard portion of the flange member
and the sections of the preload generating means fixing member
facing the guard portion, with one end thereof is openably and
closably hinged via a hinge, and a claw portion at the other end
detachably engaging with the outside edge of the preload generating
means fixing member that is faced, and so when hitching and
unhitching the screw driving device-side hook that projects from
the center hole of the oscillating end surface with respect to the
screw-side engaging portion in the engaged state, by fixing the gap
between the guard portion of the flange member and the preload
generating means fixing member to a predetermined gap in opposition
to the preload force generated in the preload generating means, the
oscillating end surface of the device body and the top end face of
the screw head are spaced apart, releasing the preload force
imparted to the oscillating end surface of the device body and the
top end face of the screw head, and on the other hand when
releasing the engagement of the claw portions, the preload force is
applied, which spaces out the gap to be greater than the
predetermined gap, whereby the oscillating end surface of the
device body and the top end face of the screw head are brought into
contact.
[0050] Furthermore, the screw driving device according to the
present invention includes vise mechanism members that press
symmetrical sections of the guard portion of the flange member and
sections of the preload generating means fixing member opposite the
guard portion by being interposed therebetween so as to freely move
them closer or farther apart and generate an adjustable mechanical
force in a given gap between the guard portion of the flange member
and the preload generating means fixing member in opposition to the
preload force generated in the preload generating means, is
adjustably constituted to generate the preload force of the desired
magnitude on the oscillating end surface of the device body and the
top end face of the screw head.
[0051] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the preload generating means fixing member is a
U-shaped frame body has both ends fixed to symmetrical sections of
the guard portion of the flange member so as to contain at least
the rear portion of the device body, and the preload generating
means is a direct-acting actuator that generates a predetermined
tension in a linear direction in the wire, is installed on the
preload generating means fixing member on the center hole
cylindrical extension of the device body further to the rear of the
rear end surface of the device body.
[0052] Furthermore, in the screw driving device according to the
present invention, the device body has a magnet that is embedded in
a distal end oscillating member that constitutes the oscillating
end surface of the device body and that generates magnetic force
that attracts the screw head in a direction that press-contacts the
top end face of the screw head on the oscillating end surface.
[0053] On the other hand, the screw according to the present
invention is a screw that corresponds to the screw driving device
according to the present invention described above, wherein the top
end face of the screw head has a flat surface that includes only of
a disc-shaped flat element without a "+" or "-" recess
corresponding to the frictional material of the screw driving
device, and the top portion circumferential side portion of the
screw head has a circumferential side surface including only of a
circular surface element.
[0054] Furthermore, the screw according to the present invention is
a screw that corresponds to the screw driving device according to
the present invention described above, wherein the top end face of
the screw head is formed as a circular flat surface without a
female recess that correspondingly fits the distal end of the screw
driving device, and providing in a protruding manner on the
circular flat surface a screw-side engaging portion that is capable
of engaging with the screw driving device-side hook.
[0055] Furthermore, in the screw according to the present
invention, the screw-side engaging portion is constituted to be
able to be cut off so that after screwing in the screw, the top end
face of the screw head becomes a circular flat surface.
[0056] Furthermore, the screw according to the present invention is
a screw corresponding to the screw driving device according to
claim 1, having a screw-threaded shaft that is made to protrudingly
stand on the center of the seating surface of the screw head
screwed into a screw hole that is correspondingly formed in the
member to be fastened, and after being once fastened to the screw
hole enhances the fastening force by increasing the pressing force
that acts between the seating surface of the screw head and the
member to be fastened, includes a washer that exerts the fastening
force of the screw by being mounted on the screw-threaded shaft to
make contact with the circumferential edge of the screw hole when
the screw is fastened to the member to be fastened; and an elastic
force generating means that applies an elastic force that expands
the space between the screw head and the washer to increase the
pressing force of the washer to the member to be fastened.
[0057] Furthermore, the screw according to the present invention
includes an elastic force restraining means that is constituted to
fix in a predetermined gap the elastic force generating means in a
pre-compressed state by forcibly applying to the seating surface of
the screw head and the end face of the washer facing opposite a
restraining force that opposes the elastic force of the elastic
force generating means, and when the application of the restraining
force is released after fastening to the screw hole, the elastic
force restraining means is capable of releasing the elastic force
of the elastic force generating means.
[0058] Furthermore, in the screw according to the present
invention, the elastic force restraining means is an adhesive that
sets to adhesively fix the elastic force generating means in a
compressed state so as to bring the seating surface of the screw
head and the end face of the washer facing opposite closer together
until a predetermined gap, and is capable of releasing the elastic
force of the elastic force generating means by releasing the
adhesive fixation when a predetermined process is performed.
[0059] Furthermore, in the screw according to the present
invention, the screw-threaded shaft annularly projecting a water
ingress prevention means that seals a gap between the
screw-threaded shaft and the screw hole so that, when a
predetermined releasing means is applied to release the application
of the restraining force of the elastic force restraining means,
ingress of water of the releasing means is prevented from entering
the screw hole.
[0060] Furthermore, in the screw according to the present
invention, the elastic force generating means includes a
compression coil spring that is constituted by an elastic member,
that revolves spirally centered on the neck end portion of the
screw-threaded shaft and is interposed between the seating surface
of the screw head and the end face of the washer facing
opposite.
[0061] Furthermore, in the screw according to the present
invention, the washer and the elastic force generating means is
integrally formed by a spring washer.
[0062] Furthermore, in the screw according to the present
invention, the top end face of the screw head is formed as a flat
surface without a female recess that correspondingly fits the
oscillation transmission means of the screw driving device.
Advantageous Effects of the Invention
[0063] According to the present invention, by transmitting
mechanical oscillations in predetermined directions as well as
imparting running torque, which is directly applied to a screw
driving device by external force, to a screw, separately from the
running torque that is directly applied to the screw driving device
by the external force, it becomes possible to generate running
torque in one direction based on the mechanical oscillations of
predetermined directions transmitted from the screw driving device
to the screw by the restrictive guidance of the frictional force
acting at the contacting surfaces of the screw thread and a screw
hole, it is possible to substantially reduce the running torque
directly applied by external force to a screw driving device
compared to conventional cases, and it is possible to improve the
fastening power obtained from a screw while burdens such as labor
and electrical power during screw fastening are alleviated.
[0064] Also, by adopting for the piezoelectric elements of the
present invention pitch-direction flexural oscillation
piezoelectric elements that excite pitch-direction flexural
oscillations and roll-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric
elements that excite roll-direction flexural oscillations with
respect to the screw-in direction of the screw, flexural
oscillations in at least two directions can be excited in
combination on the oscillation surface of the device body, which
can generate running torque on the screw. More specifically, by
exciting flexural oscillations made to have a mutual phase
difference with pitch-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric
elements and roll-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric
elements that are stacked in the device body including transducers,
the rotation direction and rotation speed of the screw can be
controlled as desired. For example, if the phase difference is set
to +90.degree., the screw can be made to rotate in the positive
rotation direction at the maximum angular velocity, and if the
phase difference is set to -90.degree., the screw can be made to
rotate in the reverse rotation direction at the maximum angular
velocity.
[0065] Furthermore, by adopting a Langevin oscillator for the
device body, it is possible to make a male distal end portion
oscillate mechanically in a predetermined direction at a high
output.
[0066] Also, it is possible to secure the same function as a stator
of a traveling-wave ultrasonic motor that generates traveling
flexural elastic waves in the mounted piezoelectric elements in the
device body.
[0067] Furthermore, the present invention can reliably perform a
high-torque fastening operation on a screw not equipped with a
fastening means on the screw head by using ultrasonic oscillations
generated by the device body. This enables significant improvement
in the aesthetic appearance of the surface of a mechanical product
or the like whose exterior structural element is constituted by
screw joining.
[0068] Furthermore, it is possible to prevent a loosening operation
of a screw by a third party and automatically perform maintenance
of loosening of a screw that occurs over time.
[0069] Furthermore, since the present invention can perform
fastening by applying a strong fastening torque to a screw not
having a female recess on the screw head by imparting a
sufficiently strong force for reliably press-contacting the top end
face of the screw head and the oscillating end surface of the
device body, it is possible to reliably perform a screw fastening
operation on a screw joined member by using a screw in which a
screw head is formed as a circular flat surface.
[0070] Furthermore, after fastening the screw, it is possible to
have only a flat element remain on the top end face of the screw
head by cutting off the screw-side engaging portion with pliers and
obliterating traces of the screw-side engaging portion by filing.
Therefore, it is possible to significantly improve the aesthetic
appearance of the surface of a mechanical product or the like
constituted by screw joining, and moreover, it is possible to
prevent screws that are once fastened from being readily loosened
by a third party.
[0071] Furthermore, the present invention sufficiently presses the
circumferential edge of the screw hole by causing the release of an
elastic force that had been inhibited between the screw head and
the washer after fastening of the screw and so, even when fastening
cannot be performed with sufficient fastening force, can enable a
reliable fastening by enabling the application of a washer or the
like that conventionally increases the fastening force only when
fastened with sufficient fastening force after contact with the
circumferential edge of the screw hole. Also, the elastic force
generating means that exerts this elastic force can be made with a
simple constitution such as a compression coil spring or spring
washer, and also can be constituted to be able to freely retrain or
release the elastic force before and after fastening of the screw.
Also, even when applying a predetermined release means such as warm
water to release the elastic force, it is possible to prevent the
ingress of water into the screw hole.
[0072] Accordingly, it is possible to reliably fasten with
sufficient fastening force higher than previously a screw having an
excellent aesthetic appearance and prevent tampering by a third
party when adopting the present invention for a screw in which the
top portion is a recess-less flat surface without being limited to
a screw having a female recess that corresponds to the distal end
of a screwdriver on the top end face of the screw.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0073] FIG. 1 is a side view showing in outline form the basic
constitution of the screw driving device according to the present
invention.
[0074] FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the constitution of the main
portions of the screw driving device according to the second
embodiment of the present invention and the manner in which the
screw driving device according to the second embodiment is to be
used, and is also a partial sectional side view in transparency of
the predetermined female recess formed in the screw head.
[0075] FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the state of the screw driving
device shown in FIG. 2 drawing near in the screw-in direction of
the screw shown in FIG. 2 so that the screw driving device and the
screw are brought into contact, and is also a partial sectional
side view in transparency of the male distal end portion and the
female recess.
[0076] FIG. 4A is a sectional view of a structural member as one
example of a member to be fastened that fastens a screw according
to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[0077] FIG. 4B is a side view showing the entire shape of the screw
according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
[0078] FIG. 4C is a front view showing an aspect of the top end
face of the screw head of the screw shown in FIG. 4B.
[0079] FIG. 5 is a drawing showing a first example of the screw
driving device according to the third embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0080] FIG. 6 is a drawing showing a second example of the screw
driving device according to the third embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0081] FIG. 7 is a drawing showing a third example of the screw
driving device according to the third embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0082] FIG. 8 is a drawing showing a fourth example of the screw
driving device according to the third embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0083] FIG. 9 is a drawing showing a fifth example of the screw
driving device according to the third embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0084] FIG. 10 is a drawing showing a sixth example of the screw
driving device according to the third embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0085] FIG. 11A is a side view showing the overall shape of the
screw according to the fourth embodiment of the present
invention.
[0086] FIG. 11B is a front view showing the mode of the top end
face of the screw head of the screw shown in FIG. 11A.
[0087] FIG. 11C is a sectional view of the structural member that
serves as a member to be fastened for fastening the screw shown in
FIG. 11A.
[0088] FIG. 12 is a drawing showing a first example of the screw
driving device according to the fourth embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0089] FIG. 13 is a drawing for explaining the generation of
preload force of the screw driving device shown in FIG. 12.
[0090] FIG. 14 is a drawing showing a second example of the screw
driving device according to the fourth embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0091] FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining the generation of
preload force of the screw driving device shown in FIG. 14.
[0092] FIG. 16 is a drawing showing a third example of the screw
driving device according to the fourth embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0093] FIG. 17 is a drawing showing a fourth example of the screw
driving device according to the fourth embodiment of the present
invention, being a partial sectional side view showing the main
portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which the
screw driving device is to be used.
[0094] FIG. 18A is a drawing showing the outline configuration of
the first example of the screw according to the fifth embodiment of
the present invention, being a partial sectional side view showing
the screw prior to the increase of the fastening force.
[0095] FIG. 18B is a partial sectional side view showing the manner
in which the screw shown in FIG. 18A is to be used.
[0096] FIG. 18C is a front view showing the top end face of the
screw head of the screw shown in FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B.
[0097] FIG. 19A is a partial sectional side view of the screw shown
in FIG. 18A after increasing the fastening force thereof.
[0098] FIG. 19B is a partial sectional side view showing the manner
in which the screw shown in FIG. 19A is used.
[0099] FIG. 20A is a drawing showing the outline configuration of a
spring washer used in the second example of the screw according to
the fifth embodiment of the present invention, being a front view
showing in transparency a portion of the spring washer.
[0100] FIG. 20B is a side view showing in transparency a portion of
the spring washer shown in FIG. 20A.
[0101] FIG. 20C is a drawing showing the outline configuration of
the screw that adopts the spring washer shown in FIG. 20A and FIG.
20B, being a partial sectional side view showing the screw prior to
increasing the fastening force thereof.
[0102] FIG. 20D is a partial sectional side view showing the screw
shown in FIG. 20C after increasing the fastening force thereof.
DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE SYMBOLS
[0103] .alpha., .alpha.2, .alpha.3, .alpha.4, .alpha.5, .alpha.6,
.alpha.7, .alpha.8, .alpha.11, .alpha.12, .alpha.13, .alpha.14:
screw driving device .beta.1, .beta.2, .beta.3, .beta.4, .beta.5:
screw [0104] 1: device body [0105] 1a: oscillating end surface
[0106] 2: oscillation transmission means [0107] 3: pitch-direction
flexural oscillation piezoelectric elements (piezoelectric
elements) [0108] 4: roll-direction flexural oscillation
piezoelectric elements (piezoelectric elements) [0109] 8: flange
member [0110] 10: device body [0111] 10a: oscillating end surface
[0112] 10b: rear end surface [0113] 10h: center hole [0114] 13, 14:
piezoelectric elements [0115] 18: flange member [0116] 18a: guard
portion [0117] 21: male distal end portion (oscillation
transmission means) [0118] 22: frictional material (oscillation
transmission means) [0119] 22a: screw contact face [0120] 23:
frictional material (oscillation transmission means) [0121] 23a:
screw contact face [0122] 30: permanent magnet [0123] 40: vise
mechanism member [0124] 41: preload transmission shaft [0125] 42:
ball bearing set [0126] 43: adjustment screw [0127] 44: handle
[0128] 50: second device body [0129] 51: piezoelectric elements
[0130] 52: distal end oscillating member [0131] 52a: oscillating
end surface [0132] 53: rear end oscillating member [0133] 54:
middle oscillating members [0134] 55: flange member [0135] 60:
section frictional material [0136] 60a: screw contact face [0137]
70: laser range finder [0138] 81: screw driving device-side hook
[0139] 82: compressive elastic body group [0140] 83: preload
generating means fixing member [0141] 84: piezoelectric elements
[0142] 85: flange member [0143] 86: wire [0144] 87: bearing set
[0145] 87a: pin shaft [0146] 88: stopper [0147] 88a: claw portion
[0148] 89: hinge [0149] 91: elastic body fixing member [0150] 92:
tensile elastic body group [0151] 93: tensile elastic body [0152]
94: vise mechanism member [0153] 95: magnet [0154] 96:
direct-acting actuator [0155] 101: male-threaded shaft [0156] 102:
screw head [0157] 103: female recess [0158] 111: male-threaded
shaft [0159] 112: screw neck [0160] 113: screw head [0161] 113a:
top end flat face (top end face) [0162] 113b: tapered outer
circumferential face [0163] 114: screw distal end [0164] 114a:
distal end flat face [0165] 125: screw-side engaging portion [0166]
141: screw head [0167] 141a: seating surface [0168] 141b: top end
face [0169] 142: screw-threaded shaft [0170] 142a: neck portion
[0171] 143: washer (flat washer) [0172] 144: elastic force
generating means (compression coil spring) [0173] 145: elastic
force restraining means (adhesive) [0174] 146: water ingress
prevention means (waterproof packing) [0175] 147: spring washer
[0176] 201: structural member [0177] 202: screw hole [0178] 205,
205a, 205b: structural members (members to be fastened) [0179] 206:
screw hole [0180] 207: female screw [0181] 208: counter bore [0182]
209: back surface opening [0183] 220: structural member (member to
be fastened) [0184] A, B: rotation directions [0185] LB: Laser
beam
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIRST EMBODIMENT
[0186] A basic embodiment of the screw driving device according to
the present invention shall first be explained using FIG. 1. This
screw driving device a is used for fastening and loosening of a
screw with respect to a screw hole correspondingly formed in a
given member to be fastened, and is constituted by a device body 1
and an oscillation transmission means 2 that makes contact with a
screw and is integrally fixed to the device body 1.
[0187] The device body 1 is constituted by stacking a plurality of
piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 that generate flexural oscillations
in two mutually perpendicular directions, a distal end oscillating
member 5 and a rear end oscillating member 6, two middle
oscillating members 7 and 7, and a flange member 8, and fastening
them with a bolt (not illustrated).
[0188] With the application of a predetermined AC voltage from an
AC supply (not illustrated), the plurality of piezoelectric
elements 3 and 4 generate ultrasonic oscillations that are capable
of subjecting a given object (that is, a screw (not illustrated in
FIG. 1)) in contact with an oscillating end surface 1a of the
distal end oscillating member 5 to axial rotational motion.
[0189] In other words, the device body 1 is constituted with a
stack of a plurality of piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 that, with
the application of a predetermined AC voltage, generate ultrasonic
oscillations of a frequency in the ultrasonic region that a stator
of an ultrasonic motor would apply to a rotor so as to excite
mechanical oscillations in a predetermined direction on the
oscillating end surface 1a based on the ultrasonic oscillations
generated by the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4. That is, the
device body 1 secures the function as a transducer for transmitting
mechanical oscillations to a screw.
[0190] In the case of the rotation axis in the rotation direction
of a screw being the z-axis in an xyz orthogonal coordinate system,
the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 should be constituted of two
types, namely, pitch-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric
elements 3 that excite pitch-direction flexural oscillations having
the y-axis as the pitch axis, and roll-direction flexural
oscillation piezoelectric elements 4 that excite roll-direction
flexural oscillations having the x-axis, which is perpendicular to
the pitch axis, as the roll axis.
[0191] Thereby, the screw driving device .alpha. can transmit
two-directional flexural oscillations to a screw, namely,
pitch-direction flexural oscillations and roll-direction flexural
oscillations. The screw driving device .alpha., by transmitting
flexural oscillations in these two directions to a screw in the
manner of a stator of an ultrasonic motor, generates a
predetermined running torque that is restrictively guided by the
frictional force that acts at the contacting surfaces of a
male-threaded shaft 101 and a screw hole 202.
[0192] Moreover, in the device body 1, the pitch-direction flexural
oscillations excited by the pitch-direction flexural oscillation
piezoelectric elements 3 and the roll-direction flexural
oscillations excited by the roll-direction flexural oscillation
piezoelectric elements 4 are constituted so that a predetermined AC
voltage can be applied so as to oscillate with a phase difference
of 90.degree.. Based on the mechanical oscillations in a
predetermined direction that thereby are transmitted from the screw
driving device .alpha., the rotation direction of the running
torque that is produced in a guiding manner on the screw can be
controlled to a desired rotation direction.
[0193] Also, the device body 1 is preferably, for example, a bolted
Langevin oscillator that is capable of exciting high-output
mechanical oscillations.
[0194] Also, by adopting a constitution that generates, for
example, traveling flexural elastic waves in the piezoelectric
elements 3 and 4 by application of the AC voltage and transmits to
the oscillation transmission means 2 the mechanical oscillations in
the predetermined directions based on the traveling flexural
elastic waves, the device body 1 can be one having excellent wear
and abrasion resistance. In this case, the device body 1 secures
the same function as a stator of a traveling-wave ultrasonic
motor.
[0195] Whatever constitution is adopted, the direction of the
running torque generated on the screw is controllable to be
switched to a positive or negative direction by application of the
AC voltage.
[0196] The flange member 8, which is integrally interposed between
the two middle oscillating members 7 and 7, constitutes a
non-oscillating region that is a node of the ultrasonic
oscillations. For example, the flange member 8 is integrally
interposed between with the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 at a
position of minimal oscillations, such as at a node of the
oscillations excited by the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4, and
should be constituted to have, for example, a hollow suspension so
that the oscillations of the device body 1 are not transmitted to
other than the screw.
[0197] The oscillation transmission means 2 is integrally fixed to
the device body at the oscillating end face 1a, and transmits
mechanical oscillations to the screw by making contact therewith.
The oscillation transmission means 2 may be embodied in various
ways depending on the embodiment of the screw that fastens, as
described below.
[0198] By using this screw driving device .alpha., even when an
extremely large amount of work is required to screw in a screw, the
external force that an operator directly applies to the screw
driving device .alpha. may be small. For this reason, without
requiring a large electrical power load or the like, it is possible
to easily fasten or loosen a screw, which makes it suitable for
when the member to be fastened is hard and when a large fastening
force is required.
SECOND EMBODIMENT
[0199] Next, an application example of the screw driving device
illustrated in the embodiment given above shall next be described
as the second embodiment of the present invention, referring to
FIG. 2 and FIG. 3.
[0200] A screw driving device .alpha.2 is an example provided with
a male distal end portion 21 as the aforementioned oscillation
transmission means 2 that fits with a female recess that is
recessed in the screw head.
[0201] In the present embodiment, constituent elements that are the
same as those in the aforementioned embodiment shall be given the
same reference numerals and detailed explanations thereof shall be
omitted here.
[0202] FIG. 2 is a drawing showing the constitution of the main
portions of the screw driving device according to the second
embodiment of the present invention and the manner in which the
screw driving device according to the second embodiment is used,
and is also a partial sectional side view in transparency of the
predetermined female recess formed in the screw head.
[0203] The drawing shows that the screw driving device .alpha.2 in
the present embodiment is equipped with the device body 1 and a
male distal end portion (oscillation transmission means) 21. When
performing a fastening operation on a screw .beta.1 having a female
recess in the screw head with respect to a screw hole that is
formed in a given member to be fastened, the screw driving device
.alpha.2 transmits mechanical oscillations to the screw .beta.1 in
a predetermined direction based on ultrasonic oscillations,
together with the imparting of running torque in one direction,
which is a direction of rotation of the screw .beta.1, that is
directly applied to the screw driving device .alpha.2 by an
external force for fastening or loosening.
[0204] Here, the device body 1 is constituted with a stack of a
plurality of piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 that, with the
application of a predetermined AC voltage, generate ultrasonic
oscillations of a frequency in the ultrasonic region so as to
excite mechanical oscillations in a predetermined direction on the
oscillating end surface 1a based on the ultrasonic oscillations
generated by the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4.
[0205] On the other hand, the male distal end portion 21 is
constituted to be correspondingly formed to be capable of fitting
in a female recess 103 of the screw .beta.1 and integrally fixed to
the device body 1 on the oscillating end face 1a of the device body
1 so as to transmit mechanical oscillations in a predetermined
direction excited by the device body 1 to the screw .beta.1 with
which contact is made by fitting in the female recess 103.
[0206] In the case of the rotation axis in the rotation direction
of a screw being the z-axis in an xyz orthogonal coordinate system,
the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 should be constituted of two
types, namely, pitch-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric
elements 3 that excite pitch-direction flexural oscillations having
the y-axis as the pitch axis, and roll-direction flexural
oscillation piezoelectric elements 4 that excite roll-direction
flexural oscillations having the x-axis, which is perpendicular to
the pitch axis, as the roll axis.
[0207] Thereby, the screw driving device .alpha.2 can transmit
two-directional flexural oscillations to the screw .beta.1, namely,
pitch-direction flexural oscillations and roll-direction flexural
oscillations. The screw driving device .alpha.2 , by transmitting
flexural oscillation in these two directions to a screw .beta.1 in
the manner of a stator of an ultrasonic motor, generates a
predetermined running torque that is restrictively guided by the
frictional force that acts at the contacting surfaces of a
male-threaded shaft 101 and a screw hole 202. The screw .beta.1 at
this time, with respect to the screw driving device .alpha.2 that
functions as a stator of an ultrasonic motor, can be regarded as a
rotor of an ultrasonic motor.
[0208] Moreover, in the device body 1, the pitch-direction flexural
oscillations excited by the pitch-direction flexural oscillation
piezoelectric elements 3 and the roll-direction flexural
oscillations excited by the roll-direction flexural oscillation
piezoelectric elements 4 are constituted so that a predetermined AC
voltage can be applied so as to oscillate with a phase difference
of 90.degree.. Based on the mechanical oscillations in a
predetermined direction that thereby are transmitted from the screw
driving device .alpha.2 , the rotation direction of the running
torque that is produced in a guiding manner on the screw .beta.1
can be controlled to a required rotation direction.
[0209] Also, the device body 1 is preferably, for example, a bolted
Langevin oscillator that is capable of exciting high-output
mechanical oscillations.
[0210] Also, by adopting a constitution that generates, for
example, traveling flexural elastic waves in the piezoelectric
elements 3 and 4 by application of the AC voltage and transmits to
the male distal end portion 21 the mechanical oscillations in the
predetermined directions based on the traveling flexural elastic
waves, the device body 1 can be one having excellent wear and
abrasion resistance. In this case, the device body 1 secures the
same function as a stator of a traveling-wave ultrasonic motor.
[0211] Whatever constitution is adopted, the direction of the
running torque generated on the screw .beta.1 is controllable to be
switched to a positive or negative direction by application of the
AC voltage.
[0212] In the device body 1, the flange member 8 is integrally
interposed between the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 at a position
of minimal oscillations, such as at a node of the oscillations
excited by the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4, and should be
constituted to have, for example, a hollow suspension so that the
oscillations of the device body 1 are not transmitted to other than
the screw .beta.1.
[0213] Thus, after the flange member 8 is grasped by the hand of
the operator performing a screw fastening operation or by a
separately installed device or the like, and the male distal end
portion 21 and the female recess 103 of the screw .beta.1 are
fitted together with the required pressure, the application of
external force from the operator or the like to the screw driving
device .alpha.2 makes running torque act in the required rotation
direction of the screw .beta.1, and the running torque due to this
external force can thereby be imparted to the screw .beta.1.
[0214] Next, FIG. 3 is a drawing showing the state of the screw
driving device .alpha.2 shown in FIG. 2 being brought near in the
screw-in direction of the screw .beta.1 so that the screw driving
device .alpha.2 and the screw .beta.1 are brought into engaging
contact, with the male distal end portion 21 and the female recess
103 shown in transparency. Although the modifications in FIG. 2 and
FIG. 3 describe the case of fastening the screw .beta.1, they are
not limited thereto, and may also be applied to the case of the
screw driving device .alpha.2 loosening the screw .beta.1 in
correspondence with the required rotation direction A or B of the
screw .beta.1.
[0215] As shown in the drawing, the screw driving device .alpha.2
is constituted to be capable of transmitting to the screw .beta.1
mechanical oscillations in a predetermined direction that are
excited by the device body 1 when the male distal end portion 21 of
the screw driving device .alpha.2 and the female recess 12 of the
screw .beta.1 are engagingly contacted. At this time, the screw
.beta.1 generates a running torque at the contacting surfaces of
the male-threaded shaft 101 with the screw hole 202 caused by a
restrictively guiding frictional force that acts based on the
mechanical oscillations that are transmitted in a predetermined
direction.
[0216] Accordingly, when the male distal end portion 21 of the
screw driving device .alpha.2 is pressed against the female recess
103 of the screw .beta.1 with an external force and rotated in a
required direction A or B, running torque that acts on the screw
.beta.1 is running torque in the direction A or B due to the
external force directly applied via the flange member 8 to the
screw driving device .alpha.2 by the operator and running torque
that is generated in a guiding manner at the male-threaded shaft
101 of the screw .beta.1 by the mechanical oscillations in the
required direction that are excited by the screw driving device
.alpha.2 .
[0217] For this reason, when the screw driving device .alpha.2 is
constituted so as to transmit mechanical oscillations to the screw
.beta.1 in the required direction in addition to imparting running
torque via external force, compared to when mechanical oscillations
are not transmitted from the screw driving device .alpha.2 to the
screw .beta.1, even when the running torque that is applied by
direct external force on the screw driving device .alpha.2 from an
operator or the like is small, the screw .beta.1 is readily screwed
in by the generation of running torque that is restrictively guided
by itself based on the transmitted mechanical oscillations in the
required direction, and so sufficient fastening force can be
obtained.
[0218] Here, when the screw driving device .alpha.2 is constituted
to be capable of controlling the phase difference of the
pitch-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric elements 3 and
the roll-direction flexural oscillation piezoelectric elements 4 of
the screw driving device .alpha.2 so as to excite, for example,
flexural oscillations in two directions with a phase difference
from -90.degree.to a phase difference of +90.degree., the rotation
direction of the running torque that the screw .beta.1 generates
based on the transmitted mechanical oscillations in the required
direction from the screw driving device .alpha.2 can be controlled
to a given direction by the male-threaded shaft 101 making contact
with the screw hole 202.
[0219] In FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, although the male distal end portion
21 of the screw driving device .alpha.2 was described as having a
plus (+) shape, the shape of the male distal end portion 21 is not
limited thereto if it is one that is formed to engage with the
screw head 22 of the screw .beta.1, and so may be the male distal
end portion 21 with a minus (-) shape or the like that corresponds
to the shape of the female recess 103 of the screw .beta.1.
Moreover, a group of male distal end portions 21 having different
male distal end shapes may be constituted to be suitably
interchangeable to correspond to a plurality of predetermined
shapes of the female recess 103 of the screw .beta.1.
[0220] Also, the screw driving device .alpha.2 may be applied to a
tapping screw, a screw, and a wood screw or the like serving as the
screw .beta.1, and even when an extremely large amount of work is
required for screwing in of the screw .beta.1, the external force
that an operator or the like directly applies to the screw driving
device .alpha.2 may be extremely small, and so it is possible to
readily fasten or loosen the screw .beta.1 without requiring a
large electrical power load or the like, which makes it suitable
for when a structural member 201 is hard and when a large fastening
force is required.
[0221] An embodiment of the present invention was explained above,
giving an example of the screw driving device thereof. However, the
present invention is not necessarily limited to the aforementioned
means, with appropriate modifications thereof being possible within
the scope having the aforementioned effects.
THIRD EMBODIMENT
[0222] Next, another application example of the screw driving
device illustrated in the aforementioned embodiment and a screw
corresponding thereto shall be described as the third embodiment of
the present invention, referring to FIG. 4A to FIG. 10. In the
present embodiment, an example of a screw and a first example to
sixth example of a screw driving device for fastening a screw
according to this example shall be described in turn.
[0223] In the present embodiment, constituent elements that are the
same as those in the aforementioned embodiments shall be given the
same reference numerals and detailed explanations thereof shall be
omitted here.
[0224] First, the screw according to the present embodiment is
shown in FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C.
[0225] FIG. 4A to FIG. 4C are drawings showing aspects of the screw
according to the present embodiment and a corresponding structural
member. Among these, FIG. 4A is a sectional view of a structural
member as one example of a member to be fastened that fastens a
screw according to the third embodiment of the present invention,
FIG. 4B is a sectional view showing the overall shape of the screw,
and FIG. 4C is a front view showing the embodiment of the top end
face of the screw head of the screw.
[0226] First, as shown in FIG. 4B and FIG. 4C, a screw .beta.2
according to this example basically has the same embodiment as a
conventional flat countersunk head screw, and includes a
male-threaded shaft 111 in which a threaded shaft with a spiral
screw thread of a predetermined pitch is machined on the outer
circumferential surface of a cylinder shaft that integrally caps a
screw head described below; a cylindrical screw neck 112 that is
connected to this male-threaded shaft 111; and a screw head 113 for
obtaining the flat countersunk head screw configuration by being
moreover connected to the screw neck 112.
[0227] Here, the top portion of the screw head 113 (refer to FIG.
4C) is not at all provided with a fastening means such as a
conventional "cross recess" or a "slot", being constituted to have
a top end flat face (top end face) 113a that includes only of a
circular flat element. In addition, the circumferential side
portion of the same screw head 113 (refer to FIG. 4B) includes a
tapered outer circumferential face 113b (circumferential side
portion surface including a conular circular surface element) that
is also not provided at all with a fastening means such as a
conventional "claw" or the like.
[0228] Also, a screw distal end 114 that is positioned at the
distal end (distal end portion of the male-threaded shaft 111) of
the screw .beta.2 includes a distal end flat face 114a with a flat
point configuration including a flat face element that corresponds
to the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113.
[0229] Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 4A, a structural member (member
to be fastened) 205 that serves as an object for fastening of the
screw .beta.2 includes a female screw 207 in which a spiral thread
with the same pitch as the screw .beta.2 is machined on the inner
circumferential surface of a screw hole 206 that is bored from the
front surface (right side in the drawing) to the back surface; a
tapered counter bore 208 for accommodating the screw head 113 of
the screw .beta.2 when the male-threaded shaft 111 of the screw
.beta.2 is completely screwed into the female screw 207 of the
screw hole 206; and a back surface opening 209 for exposing the
screw distal end 114 of the screw .beta.2 by allowing to pass to
the back of the structural member 205 when the male-threaded shaft
111 of the long screw .beta.2, whose relative length is long based
on the thickness of the structural member 205, is completely
screwed into the female screw 207 of the screw hole 206.
[0230] The screw .beta.2 was explained above as having the screw
head 113 with a configuration of a flat countersunk head screw as
an example of the screw. However, so long as the screw head 113 has
a top end flat face 113a including only a circular flat element and
a circumferential side portion including only of a circular surface
element, a flat screw embodiment (an embodiment in which a tapered
surface element whose outer circumferential diameter expands from
the bottom changes to a cylindrical surface element with a uniform
outer circumferential diameter) is also acceptable. In this case,
instead of the tapered counter bore 208, a "flat hole" that matches
the screw head 113 of the flat screw embodiment may be formed at a
corresponding location in the structural element 205 (or may be
omitted as non-formed).
[0231] FIG. 5 is a drawing showing a first example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is used.
[0232] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.3 includes the device body 1 and a frictional material
(oscillation transmission means) 22 as the aforementioned
oscillation transmission means 2 in order to perform a fastening
operation of the screw .beta.2 with respect to the screw hole 206
correspondingly formed in the structural member 205 as an example
of a member to be fastened illustratively described above.
[0233] In other words, the device body 1 is constituted by stacking
a plurality of piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 that generate
flexural oscillations in two mutually perpendicular directions, a
distal end oscillating member 5 and a rear end oscillating member
6, and two middle oscillating members 7 and 7, being fastened by a
bolt (not illustrated). With the application of a predetermined AC
voltage from an AC supply (not illustrated), the plurality of
piezoelectric elements 3 and 4 generate ultrasonic oscillations
that are capable of subjecting a given object (that is, the screw
.beta.2) in contact with the oscillating end surface 1a of the
distal end oscillating member 5 to axial rotational motion.
Thereby, the device body 1 can be regarded as a stator in an
ultrasonic motor, and the screw .beta.2 can be regarded as a rotor
in an ultrasonic motor.
[0234] The flange member 8 that constitutes a non-oscillating
region, being a node of the ultrasonic oscillations, is interposed
between the two middle oscillating members 7 and 7.
[0235] Meanwhile, the frictional material 22 is fixed to the
surface of the oscillating end face 1a in the distal end
oscillating member 5 of the device body 1, and transmits axial
rotational motion accompanying the ultrasonic oscillations to the
screw .beta.2 by making frictional contact with the top end flat
face 113a of the screw head 113 of the screw .beta.2. The
frictional material 22 forms a flat disc shape (including a flat
ring shape) with an area slightly larger than the top end flat face
113a of the screw head 113, and as the material thereof it is
possible to apply phosphor bronze, asbestos rubber, and other
similar materials that have the necessary frictional force and
hardness. Asbestos rubber is particularly suitable due to its
superior noise resistance during the aforementioned ultrasonic
oscillation.
[0236] Here, the frictional material 22 has a flat disc shape in
order to correspond to the screw .beta.2, however, it is not
necessarily limited thereto depending on the shape of the screw to
be used. For example, when using a screw in which the top end face
of the screw head has a convex curve shape, the frictional material
22 can be made to have a concave curve shape that corresponds
thereto.
[0237] When performing the fastening operation of a screw .beta.2
with respect to the screw hole 206 in the structural member 205
using the screw driving device .alpha.3 constituted as above,
first, the screw .beta.2 is screwed in by hand to a certain extent
into the screw hole 206 (or the screw distal end 114 of the screw
.beta.2 that is set by preinstalling with the top end flat face
113a of the screw head 113 attracted to be press-contacted to the
frictional material 22 of the device body 1 is inserted in the
screw hole 206). Next, the required AC voltage for generating at
the frictional material 22 on the distal end oscillating member 5
ultrasonic oscillations that produce a clockwise axial rotation
motion at the screw .beta.2 (i.e., an actuation voltage with a
90.degree. phase difference) is applied to a corresponding
plurality of piezoelectric elements 13 and 14. In the state of this
AC voltage application, a screw contact face 22a of the frictional
material 22 is pressed by manual operation onto the top end flat
face 113a of the screw head 113 (the direction shown by the arrow
in the drawing).
[0238] Thereupon, clockwise axial rotation motion proportional to
the friction force is transmitted from the device body 1 via the
frictional material 22 to the screw .beta.2, and so the
male-threaded shaft 111 of the screw .beta.2 gradually advances to
screw into the female screw 207 of the screw hole 206 by the axial
rotation motion accompanying the ultrasonic oscillations and the
pressing force due to the aforementioned manual operation. Then,
the required fastening operation is completed when the screw head
113 is accommodated in the counter bore 208, and the male-threaded
shaft 111 is completely screwed into the female screw 207.
[0239] The rotational resistance (contact resistance between both
screw threads) when the male-threaded shaft 111 screws into the
female screw 207 increases in proportion to the pressing portion
due to the pressing force by the aforementioned manual operation.
However, since running torque independently occurs in both screw
threads by the ultrasonic oscillations, axial rotational motion can
be brought about in the screw .beta.2. In other words, according to
the present first example, the screw driving device .alpha.3 is
obtained that generates torque that is necessary and sufficient for
fastening of the required screw .beta.2.
[0240] FIG. 6 is a drawing showing a second example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is used.
[0241] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.4 according to this second example is, similarly to that in
the first example, constituted to have the device body 1 and the
frictional material 22, and additionally includes a permanent
magnet 30 as a preload generating means that generates a preload
for steadily pressing the top end flat face 113a of the screw head
113 against the screw contact face 22a of the frictional material
22.
[0242] In other words, the permanent magnet 30 is embedded in the
distal end oscillating member 5 that constitutes the oscillating
end surface 1a of the device body 1, and thereby generates a
magnetic force that attracts the screw head 113 in a direction that
presses the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 of the
screw .beta.2 against the screw contact face 22a of the frictional
material 22. Other constituent elements have the same functions and
modes as those described in the first example.
[0243] However, in the second example, the frictional material 22
is not simply fixed to the front surface of the oscillating end
surface 1a in the distal end oscillating member 5 as is the case in
the first example. Instead, a mode is adopted in which the
frictional material 22 is fixed by being embedded in the surface
layer region of the distal end oscillating member 5 so that the
screw contact face 22a of the frictional material 22 is positioned
flush with the surface of the oscillating end surface 1a. The
difference in the fixation modes of the frictional material 22 does
not lead to any difference in performance thereof, but an effect of
preventing the frictional material 22 from exfoliating due to
external factors can be expected by this embedded fixation mode of
the second example.
[0244] When performing the fastening operation of a screw .beta.2
with respect to the screw hole 206 in the structural member 205
using the screw driving device .alpha.4 constituted as above,
first, similarly to the first example, the screw .beta.2 is screwed
in by hand to a certain extent into the screw hole 206. Next, the
required AC voltage for generating at the frictional material 22 on
the distal end oscillating member 5 ultrasonic oscillations that
produce a clockwise axial rotation motion at the screw .beta.2 is
applied to a corresponding plurality of piezoelectric elements 13
and 14. In the state of this AC voltage application, a screw
contact face 22a of the frictional material 22 is pressed by manual
operation onto the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113
(the direction shown by the arrow in the drawing).
[0245] At this time, the permanent magnet 30 that is embedded in
the distal end oscillating member 5 functions to attract the screw
head 113 in a direction that presses the top end flat face 113a of
the screw head 113 of the screw .beta.2 against the screw contact
face 22a of the frictional material 22. Thereby, the frictional
force is increased between the screw contact face 22a of the
frictional material 22 and the top end flat face 113a of the screw
head 113, and the running torque of the screw .beta.2 is further
increased by this increase in the frictional force, so that the
screw .beta.2 can be accurately rotated in a shorter time.
[0246] As a result, the rotational resistance when the
male-threaded shaft 111 screws into the female screw 207 is
suppressed to as low as possible even when the pressing force due
to the aforementioned manual operation is large. Also, since the
ultrasonic oscillations that produce the axial rotational motion in
the screw .beta.2 act so as to negate the rotational resistance,
according to the present second example, the screw driving device
.alpha.4 is obtained that generates a sufficiently high torque for
fastening of the required screw .beta.2.
[0247] Although not particularly illustrated, it is possible to
adopt as the required preload generating means a "suction tube"
that passes through the device body 1 for generating adsorption
power that attracts the screw head 113 by, for example, having the
suction portion face the center portion of the frictional material
22 that is annularly shaped, instead of the aforementioned
permanent magnet 30.
[0248] FIG. 7 is a drawing showing a third example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is used.
[0249] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.5 according to this third example is, similarly to that in
the first example, constituted to have the device body 1 and the
frictional material 22 (the embedded fixation mode in the second
example), and additionally includes a vise mechanism member 40 as a
preload generating means that generates a preload for steadily
pressing the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 against
the screw contact face 22a of the frictional material 22.
[0250] In other words, the vise mechanism member 40 is installed by
cantilever fixing to the flange portion 15 that forms a
non-oscillating region of the device body 1, and in the case of the
screw .beta.2 having a relative length that exposes the screw
distal end 114 from the back of the structural member (two
structural members 205a and 205b in the present example) in the
process of being screwed into the screw hole 206, and the screw
distal end 114 having a distal end flat face 114a including a flat
face element that corresponds to the top end flat face 113a of the
screw head 113, generates a mechanical force (preload) that presses
the distal end flat face 114a of the screw distal end 114 which is
in the state of being exposed from the back of the structural
member 205b in a direction that presses the top end flat face 113a
of the screw head 113 of the screw .beta.2 against the screw
contact face 22a of the frictional material 22.
[0251] Moreover, the vise mechanism member 40 includes a ball
bearing set 42 that movably supports with shaft bearings the axial
rotational motion that is transmitted from the device body 1 to the
screw .beta.2 via the frictional material 22 while pressing with a
preload transmission shaft 41 the distal end flat face 114a of the
screw distal end 114 using self-generated mechanical force.
Adjustment of the mechanical force is performed by rotating an
adjustment screw 43 that is illustrated by a handle 44 to alter the
relative position (in the left and right directions in the drawing)
of the preload transmission shaft 41, which is projected to be
fittingly held in the ball bearing set 42 so as to spin freely.
[0252] When performing the fastening operation of a screw .beta.2
with respect to the screw hole 206 in the structural members 205a
and 205b using the screw driving device .alpha.5 constituted as
above, first, the screw .beta.2 is screwed in by hand into the
screw hole 206 until the screw distal end 114 is exposed from the
back of the structural member 205b. By operating the vise mechanism
member 40 in this state, as shown in the drawing, the top end flat
face 113a of the screw head 113 and the distal end flat face 114a
of the screw distal end 114 of the screw .beta.2 are held by the
device body 1 and the preload transmission shaft 41 that faces
opposite, with the screw .beta.2 and the screw hole 206 sandwiched
therebetween. Next, the required AC voltage for generating at the
frictional material 22 on the distal end oscillating member 5
ultrasonic oscillations that produce a clockwise axial rotation
motion at the screw .beta.2 is applied to a corresponding plurality
of piezoelectric elements 13 and 14.
[0253] At this time, the vise mechanism member 40 functions so as
to press with a constant force the distal end flat face 114a of the
screw distal end 114, which is in the state of being exposed from
the back of the structural member 205, in a direction that presses
the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 of the screw
.beta.2 against the screw contact face 22a of the frictional
material 22. The ball bearing set 42 functions to smoothen the
axial rotational motion that is transmitted from the device body 1
to the screw .beta.2 via the frictional material 22. Thus, the
axial rotation motion of the screw .beta.2 is performed smoothly
while maintaining the state of heightened frictional force between
the screw contact face 22a of the frictional material 22 and the
top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 so that clockwise
axial rotational motion according to the frictional force at that
time is reliably transmitted to the screw .beta.2.
[0254] When doing so, the respective axial centers of the device
body 1, the screw .beta.2 and the preload transmission shaft 41 are
mutually positioned so as to be coaxial. As a result, the rotation
resistance when the male-threaded shaft 111 screws into the female
screw 207 is suppressed to an extremely low level. Also, since the
ultrasonic oscillations that produce the axial rotational motion in
the screw .beta.2 act so as to negate the rotational resistance,
according to the present third example, the screw driving device
.alpha.5 is obtained that generates a sufficiently high torque for
performing fastening of the required screw .beta.2.
[0255] FIG. 8 is a drawing showing a fourth example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is to be used.
[0256] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.6 according to this fourth example is, similarly to that in
the first example, constituted to have the device body 1 and the
frictional material 22 (the embedded fixation mode in the second
example), and additionally includes a second device body 50 and a
second frictional material 60 as a preload generating means that
generates a preload for steadily pressing the top end flat face
113a of the screw head 113 against the screw contact face 22a of
the frictional material 22.
[0257] In other words, the second device body 50 is constituted by
stacking a plurality of piezoelectric elements 51 and 51 that
generate flexural oscillations in two mutually perpendicular
directions, a distal end oscillating member 52 and a rear end
oscillating member (not illustrated), and two middle oscillating
members 54 and 54, and fastening them with a bolt (not
illustrated). With the application of a predetermined AC voltage
from an AC supply (not illustrated), the plurality of piezoelectric
elements 51 and 51 generate ultrasonic oscillations that are
capable of subjecting a given object (that is, the screw .beta.2)
in contact with an oscillating end surface 52a of the distal end
oscillating member 52 to axial rotational motion. A flange member
55 that constitutes a non-oscillating region, being a node of the
ultrasonic oscillations, is interposed between the two middle
oscillating members 54 and 54.
[0258] Meanwhile, the section frictional material 60, having a
similar mode as the frictional material 22, is fixed by being
embedded in the surface layer region of the oscillating end surface
52a in the distal end oscillating member 52 of the second device
body 50, and transmits axial rotational motion accompanying the
ultrasonic oscillations to the screw .beta.2 by making frictional
contact with the distal end flat face 114a of the screw distal end
114 of the screw .beta.2.
[0259] Here, in the case of the screw .beta.2 having a relative
length that exposes the screw distal end 114 from the back of the
structural member 205b in the process of being screwed in the screw
hole 206, and the screw distal end 114 having a distal end flat
face 114a that includes a plane element corresponding to the top
end flat face 113a of the screw head 113, when the second device
body 50 is placed so as to be capable of pressing, via the second
frictional material 60, the distal end flat face 114a of the screw
distal end 114, which is in the state of being exposed from the
back of the structural member 205b, in a direction that presses the
top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 of the screw .beta.2
against the screw contact face 22a of the frictional material 22,
axial rotational motion that is transmitted from the device body 1
to the screw .beta.2 via the frictional material 22 and axial
rotational motion that is transmitted to the screw .beta.2 via the
second frictional material 60 are positioned so as to be
coaxial.
[0260] When performing the fastening operation of a screw .beta.2
with respect to the screw hole 206 in the structural members 205a
and 205b using the screw driving device .alpha.6 constituted as
above, first, the screw .beta.2 is screwed in by hand into the
screw hole 206 until the screw distal end 114 is exposed from the
back of the structural member 205b. Next, the required AC voltage
for generating at the frictional material 22 on the distal end
oscillating member 5 in the device body 1 and the second friction
member 60 on the distal end oscillating member 52 in the second
device body 50 ultrasonic oscillations that produce a clockwise
axial rotation motion at the screw .beta.2 is applied to a
corresponding plurality of piezoelectric elements 13 and 14 and 51
and 51. In the state of this AC voltage application, while pressing
(holding) by manual operation a screw contact face 60a of the
second friction member 60 against the distal end flat face 114a of
the screw distal end 114 which is in a state of being exposed from
the back of the structural member 205b, the screw contact face 22a
of the frictional material 22 is pressed by manual operation onto
the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 (the direction
shown by the arrow in the drawing).
[0261] At this time, when the second device body 50 is placed in
relation to the device body 1 so as to be capable of pressing the
distal end flat face 114a of the screw distal end 114, which is in
the state of being exposed from the back of the structural member
205b, in a direction that presses the top end flat face 113a of the
screw head 113 of the screw .beta.2 against the screw contact face
22a of the frictional material 22, axial rotational motion that is
transmitted from the device body 1 to the screw .beta.2 via the
frictional material 22 and axial rotational motion that is
transmitted to the screw .beta.2 via the second frictional material
60 are positioned so as to be coaxial. Thus, the axial rotation
motion of the screw .beta.2 is assisted by the second device body
50 while maintaining the state of heightened frictional force
between the screw contact face 22a of the frictional material 22
and the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 so that
clockwise axial rotational motion according to the frictional force
at that time is reliably transmitted to the screw .beta.2.
[0262] As a result, the rotational resistance when the
male-threaded shaft 111 screws into the female screw 207 is
suppressed to a comparatively low level. Also, since the ultrasonic
oscillations that produce the axial rotational motion in the screw
.beta.2 act so as to negate the rotational resistance, according to
the present fourth example, the screw driving device .alpha.6 is
obtained that generates a necessary and sufficiently high torque
for performing fastening of the required screw .beta.2.
[0263] FIG. 9 is a drawing showing a fifth example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is used.
[0264] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.7 according to this fifth example is constituted by adopting
the second device body 50 and the second frictional material 60 in
the fourth example in place of the preload transmission shaft 41
and the ball bearing set 42 in the third example. Accordingly, the
function and manner of use of the screw driving device .alpha.7
according to this fifth example are equivalent to corresponding
portions in the third and fourth examples (for details, refer to
the corresponding portions).
[0265] FIG. 10 is a drawing showing a sixth example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is used.
[0266] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.8 according to this sixth example includes a laser range
finder 70 in addition to the device body 1, the frictional material
22 and the permanent magnet 30 of the second example. Also, the
screw driving device .alpha.8 according to this sixth example, in
relation to the structural member (structural member 205a in the
present example), is disposed so that even after completion of the
fastening operation of the screw .beta.2 to each of the structural
members 205a and 205b, the screw contact face 22a of the frictional
material 22 permanently contacts the top end flat face 113a of the
screw head 113.
[0267] Here, by disposing the laser range finder 70 on the flange
portion 15 of the device body 1, the distance between a
range-finder reference point provided on the device body and the
structural member 205a is periodically measured by a laser beam LB.
When the distance measured by the laser range finder 70 exceeds a
predetermined value, loosening of the screw .beta.2 is detected. At
this time, the laser range finder 70 functions to automatically
instruct the corresponding plurality of piezoelectric elements 13
and 14 to start application control of the AC voltage for
generating the ultrasonic oscillations that perform the fastening
operation of the screw .beta.2.
[0268] With the above constitution, the screw driving device
.alpha.8 is obtained that can prevent a third party from performing
a loosening operation on the screw .beta.2 and automatically
perform maintenance of loosening of the screw .beta.2 that occurs
over time.
[0269] An embodiment of the present invention was described above,
giving one example of a screw and a first example through sixth
example of a screw driving device. However, the present invention
is not necessarily only limited to the aforementioned means, with
appropriate modifications thereof being possible within the scope
having the aforementioned effects.
FOURTH EMBODIMENT
[0270] Next, still another application example of the screw driving
device shown in the aforementioned embodiment and a screw
corresponding thereto shall be described as the fourth embodiment
of the present invention, using FIG. 11A to FIG. 17. In the present
embodiment, an example of a screw and a first through fourth
example of a screw driving device for performing fastening of the
screw according to this example shall be described in turn.
[0271] In the present embodiment, constituent elements that are the
same as those in the aforementioned embodiments shall be given the
same reference numerals and detailed explanations thereof shall be
omitted here.
[0272] FIG. 11A to FIG. 11C are drawings showing aspects of the
screw according to the present embodiment and a corresponding
structural member. Among these, FIG. 11A is a front view showing
the overall shape of the screw, FIG. 11B is a drawing showing the
mode of the top end face of the screw head of the screw, and FIG.
11C is a sectional view of the structural member that serves as an
object for fastening of the screw.
[0273] First, as shown in FIG. 11A and FIG. 11B, the screw .beta.3
is constituted to provide a screw-side engaging portion 125 on the
screw .beta.2 in the aforementioned third embodiment. That is, the
top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 (refer to FIG. 11B) is
a circular flat surface not having a fastening means such as a
conventional "cross recess" or a "slot" female recess that
correspondingly engages with a driver distal end, being constituted
to have the screw-side engaging portion 125 that is projected on
the top end flat face 113a. Here, the screw-side engaging portion
125 should be capable of being hitched with a screw driving
device-side hook described below that is provided on the screw
driving device, and is not limited to a U-shape, with a hook shape
or the like also being possible.
[0274] Also, after completion of fastening of the screw .beta.3,
the screw-side engaging portion 125 is constituted to be readily
cut off with, for example, pliers. In this case, traces of the
screw-side engaging portion 125 can be completely obliterated from
the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 by additionally
filing.
[0275] Meanwhile, as shown in FIG. 11C, the structural member 205,
as one example of a member to be fastened that serves as an object
for fastening of the screw .beta.3, includes a screw hole 206 in
which a spiral thread with the same pitch as the male-threaded
shaft 111 of the screw .beta.3 is machined on the inner
circumferential surface from the front (right side in the drawing)
to the back. Although the screw hole 206 shown here is of a shape
in which the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 is
completely accommodated when the screw .beta.3 is screwed into the
screw hole 206 of the structural member 205, the shape of the screw
hole 206 may be one as required.
[0276] The screw .beta.3 was described above as having the screw
head 113 with a configuration of a flat countersunk head screw
provided with the screw-side engaging portion 125 on the top end
flat face 113a as an example of a screw. However, as long as the
screw head 113 includes the screw-side engaging portion 125 on the
circular flat face, a flat screw embodiment (an embodiment in which
a tapered surface element whose outer circumferential diameter
expands from the bottom changes to a cylindrical surface element
with a uniform outer circumferential diameter) is also
acceptable.
[0277] FIG. 12 is a drawing showing a first example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is to be used.
[0278] As shown in the same drawing, for the purpose of performing
fastening of the screw .beta.3 in the screw hole 206
correspondingly formed in the structural member 205 illustratively
explained above, the screw driving device .alpha.11 according to
this first example includes a cylindrical device body 10 in which a
center hole 10h is formed, a screw driving device-side hook 81, a
compressive elastic body group 82 and 82 as a preload generating
means that pulls the screw driving device-side hook 81 to generate
a preload for steadily press-contacting an oscillating end surface
10a of the device body 10 and the top end flat face 113a of the
screw head 113, and a preload generating means fixing member 83
that fixes the preload generating means.
[0279] The device body 10 is a modification example of the
aforementioned device body 1, being constituted by stacking a
plurality of piezoelectric elements 13 and 14 that generate
flexural oscillations in two mutually perpendicular directions, a
distal end oscillating member 15 and a rear end oscillating member
16, two middle oscillating members 17 and 17, and a flange member
18, and fastening them with a bolt (not illustrated). The center
hole 10h is thereby formed.
[0280] In other words, the device body 10 integrally stacks the
plurality of piezoelectric elements 13 and 14 that form an annular
shape having a center hole and the flange member 18 that projects a
guard portion 18a further to the outer circumference than the
piezoelectric elements 13 and 14 at a non-oscillating region among
oscillations that the plurality of piezoelectric elements 13 and 14
excite in order to fix that position with the piezoelectric
elements 13 and 14 on the cylindrical peripheral surface, and
accompanying the application of AC voltage to the plurality of
piezoelectric elements 13 and 14, generates ultrasonic oscillations
capable of transmitting an axial rotational motion to the top end
flat face 113a of the screw head 113 in contact with the
oscillating end surface 10a.
[0281] Center holes are formed in each of the constituent elements,
namely, the piezoelectric elements 13 and 14, the distal end
oscillating member 15 and the rear end oscillating member 16, the
middle oscillating members 17 and 17, and the flange member 18, so
that when integrated to form the device body 10, the center hole
10h is formed.
[0282] If this point is omitted, these constituent elements will
have a similar constitution as those in the aforementioned second
embodiment, namely, the piezoelectric elements 3 and 4, the distal
end oscillating member 5 and the rear end oscillating member 6, the
middle oscillating members 7, and the flange member 8.
[0283] Here, the oscillations that the device body 10 excites are
preferably achieved with a Langevin oscillator that bolts two types
of piezoelectric elements 13 and 14 that generate flexural
oscillations in two mutually perpendicular directions. By having
the piezoelectric elements 13 and 14 oscillate mechanically with a
phase difference of 90.degree., axial motion in the direction of
fastening or loosening the screw .beta.3 can be generated in the
oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10.
[0284] Meanwhile, the screw driving device-side hook 81 is
preferably constituted by being connected to the distal end of a
wire 86 that is inserted in the center hole 10h of the device body
10 and capable of mutually hitching with the screw-side engaging
portion 125.
[0285] At the other end, the preload generating means fixing member
83 faces a vicinity further to the rear of a rear end surface 10b
of the device body 10 opposite the oscillating end surface 10a and
attaches the compressive elastic body group 82 and 82 while facing
the flange member 18, and moreover, may be constituted so that in
the middle of the preload generating means 83 a bearing set 87 is
interposed that axially supports the wire 86 to allow it to idle
freely in the rotational direction of the axial rotational motion
of the screw .beta.3.
[0286] Here, the bearing set 87 is constituted by coupling an end
of a pin shaft 87a that is movably supported to idle freely in the
bearing set 87 and an end of the wire 86 that rotates along with
the axial rotational motion of the screw .beta.3, and is preferably
fixed to the preload generating means fixing member 83 at an outer
ring that is independent of rotation of the pin shaft 87a via a
rolling object or the like, and since the wire 86 is axially
supported by the bearing set 87 to be capable of idle rotation in
the direction of axial rotational motion of the screw .beta.3, the
rotation of the screw .beta.3 is not transmitted to the preload
generating means fixing member 83 and the device body 10, and
thereby rotational friction of the screw .beta.3 that occurs with
respect to the screw driving device all can be suppressed to a
minimum.
[0287] Also, the compressive elastic body group 82 and 82 adopted
as the preload generating means in the present first example
steadily presses the oscillating end surface 10a of the device body
10 to make contact with the top end flat face 113a of the screw
head 113 by being tautly stretched in parallel between symmetrical
sections of the guard portion 18a of the flange member 18 and
sections of the preload generating means fixing member 83 opposite
the guard portion 18a with the device body 10 placed therebetween
to apply the compressive elastic force to the flange member 18 and
to the preload generating means fixing member 83.
[0288] Moreover, the screw driving device all may be constituted to
have stoppers 88 that span between the guard portion 18a of the
flange member 18 and sections of the preload generating means
fixing member 83 opposite the guard portion and are capable of
fixing the gap therebetween to a predetermined gap, with one of
each stopper 88 being openably and closably hinged via a hinge 89
on the side of the flange member 18, and a claw portion 88a at the
other end detachably engaging with the outside edge of the preload
generating means fixing member 83 that is faced.
[0289] Therefore, when hitching and unhitching the screw driving
device-side hook 81 that projects from the center hole of the
oscillating end surface 10a with respect to the screw-side engaging
portion 125 in the engaged state, by, for example, fitting the
stoppers 88 to the sides of the preload generating means fixing
member 83 to fix the gap between the guard portion 18a of the
flange member 18 and the preload generating means fixing member 83
to the predetermined gap in opposition to the preload force
generated in the compressive elastic body group 82 and 82, the
oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10 and the top end
flat face 113a of the screw head 113 are spaced apart and the
tension in the wire 86 is reduced, releasing the preload force
imparted to the oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10
and the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113.
[0290] Also, the screw driving device all may have a frictional
material 23 attached to the oscillating end surface 10a of the
device body 10 and provided with a screw contact surface 23a having
an annular shape with a center hole and in which a high frictional
force acts to transmit axial rotational motion accompanying the
ultrasonic oscillations to the screw .beta.3 by frictional contact
with the top end flat face 113a of the screw head 113. Thereby, a
high frictional force is made to act on the contact surface between
the oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10 and the top
end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 to enable even higher
fastening torque to be imparted to the screw .beta.3.
[0291] Here, the frictional material 23 has an annular shape with a
center hole and a flat surface in order to correspond to the screw
.beta.3, however, it is not necessarily limited thereto depending
on the shape of the screw to be used. For example, when using a
screw in which the top end face of the screw head has a convex
curve shape, the frictional material 23 can be made to have a
concave curve shape that corresponds thereto.
[0292] Next, FIG. 13 is a drawing for describing the generation of
preload force of the screw driving device all shown in FIG. 12.
[0293] As shown in the same drawing, when the claw portion 88a of
each engaged stopper 88 is, for example, disengaged from the
preload generating means fixing member 83, the preload generating
means fixing member 83 is pushed in the direction shown by the
arrow in the drawing by the compressive elastic force of the
compressive elastic body group 82 and 82, whereby the guard portion
18a of the flange member 18 and the preload generating means fixing
member 83 respectively attached to both ends of the compressive
elastic body group 82 and 82 are spaced apart.
[0294] Accompanying the spacing apart of the guard portion 18a of
the flange member 18 and the preload generating means fixing member
83, a force acts by which, along with the preload generating means
fixing member 83, also the bearing set 87, the wire 86, and the
screw driving device-side hook 81a re together pulled in the
direction shown by the arrow in the drawing, opposite to the
direction of screwing the screw .beta.3 into the screw hole 206,
whereby the oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10 and
the top end flat face 113a of the screw .beta.3 can be brought into
contact.
[0295] Accordingly, when the fixation by the stoppers 88 is
released, by generating sufficient preload force for steadily
achieving a press-contact at, for example, the frictional material
23 of the oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10, it is
possible to transmit axial rotational motion due to ultrasonic
oscillations that the device body 10 of the screw driving device
all excites and impart fastening torque to the screw .beta.3.
Thereby, it is possible to switch between insertion and fastening
of the screw .beta.3 by engagement and disengagement of the
stoppers 88.
[0296] At this time, the screw driving device all can impart
sufficient fastening torque to press-contact the screw .beta.3 and
the screw driving device .alpha.1 without generating mechanical
force in the direction of pressing the screw .beta.3 against the
screw hole 206. Therefore, there is no generation of rotational
resistance that occurs from the male-threaded shaft 111 of the
screw .beta.3 and the screw hole 206 being pushed together by more
than is necessary.
[0297] When the screwing in of the screw .beta.3 is completed, by
fixing again to the prescribed gap that brings the flange member 18
and the preload generating means fixing member 83 closer together
by the stoppers 88, the generated preload force is released. Also,
the preload force can be adjusted to a predetermined magnitude by
the elastic coefficient of the elastic body adopted for the
compressive elastic body group 82 and 82 and the compression amount
imparted in advance to the compressive elastic body group 82 and
82.
[0298] FIG. 14 is a drawing showing a second example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is to be used.
[0299] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.12 according to this second example is, similarly to that of
the first example, constituted to have in addition to the device
body 10, the screw driving device-side hook 81, and the preload
generating means fixing member 83, an elastic body fixing member 91
and, for example, a tensile elastic body group 92 and 92 as a
preload generating means. Other constituent elements have the same
functions and modes as those described in the first example.
[0300] The elastic body fixing member 91 is constituted by a
frame-type member that contains the device body 10 together with
the preload generating means fixing member 83 in a state of
exposing the oscillating end surface 10a to the outside, with both
ends thereof being fixed to opposite ends of the guard portion 18a
of the flange member 18.
[0301] Meanwhile, the tensile elastic body group 92 and 92 adopted
as the preload generating means in the present second example is
tautly stretched in parallel between the preload generating means
fixing member 83 and sections of the elastic body fixing member 91
that oppose symmetrical sections of the preload generating means
fixing member 83, and by thus applying a tensile elastic force to
the elastic body fixing member 91 and the preload generating means
fixing member 83, steadily presses the oscillating end surface 10a
of the device body 10 to make contact with the top end flat face
113a of the screw head 113 via the wire 86.
[0302] The stoppers 88 adopted in the present second example are
the same as those in the aforementioned first example, being
preferably constituted with one end being openably and closably
hinged via a hinge 89 so as to be united with the guard portion 18a
of the flange member 18 along with the elastic body fixing member
91, and a claw portion 88a at the other end detachably engaging
with the outside edge of the preload generating means fixing member
83 that is faced.
[0303] At this time, when hitching and unhitching the screw driving
device-side hook 81 that projects from the center hole 10h of the
oscillating end surface 10a with respect to the screw-side engaging
portion 125 in the engaged state, by fixing the flange member 18
and the preload generating means fixing member 83 to a have a
predetermined gap in opposition to the preload force that the
tensile elastic body group 92 and 92 generates, the tension in the
wire 86 is released, whereby the preload force that press-contacts
the oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10 and the top
end flat face 113a of the screw head 113 can be released.
[0304] Next, FIG. 15 is a drawing for describing the generation of
preload force of the screw driving device .alpha.12 shown in FIG.
14.
[0305] As shown in the same drawing, in the screw driving device
.alpha.12 in which the stoppers 88 are released by disengaging the
claw portions 88a, the preload generating means fixing member 83 is
pulled in the direction shown by the arrow in the drawing by the
tensile elastic force of the tensile elastic body group 92 and 92,
whereby the elastic body fixing member 91, in which the terminals
of the tensile elastic body group 92 and 92 are fixed, and the
preload generating means fixing member 83 are brought closer to
each other.
[0306] Therefore, similarly to the first example, by spacing apart
the guard portion 18a of the flange member 18 and the preload
generating means fixing member 83, tension is applied to the wire
15, and a pulling force acts on the screw driving device-side hook
81 in the direction shown by the arrow in the drawing, opposite to
the direction of screwing the screw .beta.33 into the screw hole
206, whereby the oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10
and the top end flat face 113a of the screw .beta.3 can be brought
into contact.
[0307] Accordingly, by generating a preload force so as to steadily
press the top end flat face 113a of the screw 33 against the screw
contact surface 23a of the frictional material 23, it is possible
to impart fastening torque due to ultrasonic oscillations that the
device body 10 excites to the screw .beta.33.
[0308] When the screw .beta.3 is completely screwed in, by fixing
again to the prescribed gap that brings the flange member 18 and
the preload generating means fixing member 83 closer together by
the stoppers 88, the generated preload force is released. Also, the
preload force can be adjusted to a predetermined magnitude by the
elastic coefficient of the elastic body adopted for the tensile
elastic body group 92 and 92 and the tension amount imparted in
advance to the tensile elastic body group 92 and 92.
[0309] FIG. 16 is a drawing showing a third example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is used.
[0310] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.13 according to this third example is, similarly to that of
the first example and the second example, constituted to have in
addition to the device body 10, the screw driving device-side hook
81, and the preload generating means fixing member 83, a tensile
elastic body 93 as a preload generating means that is tautly
stretched between the wire 86 and the preload generating means
fixing member 83. Other constituent elements have the same
functions and modes as those described in the first example and the
second example.
[0311] In other words, the tensile elastic body 93, by applying a
tensile elastic force between the wire 86 and the preload
generating means fixing member 83, for example, between the wire 86
and the bearing set 87, presses the oscillating end surface 10a of
the device body 10 to make contact with the top end flat face 113a
of the screw head 113.
[0312] The present third example may be constituted to have, in
place of the stoppers 88 described in the first example and the
second example, a vise mechanism member 94 that adjusts the gap
between the guard portion 18a of the flange member 18 and the
preload generating means fixing member 83 positioned opposite the
guard portion 18a by screw rods that screw through the preload
generating means fixing member 83 and whose distal ends abut the
guard portion 18a, and also a magnet 95 that supplements the
preload force produced by the preload generating means such as the
tensile elastic body 93.
[0313] In other words, the vise mechanism member 94 generates a
screw mechanical force that can adjust the gap between the guard
portion 18a of the flange member 18 and the preload generating
means fixing member 83 to a given gap, opposing the preload force
generated by the tensile elastic body 93, in place of the stoppers
88.
[0314] On the other hand, the magnet 95 is preferably a magnet or
the like that is embedded in the distal end oscillating member that
constitutes the oscillating end surface 10a of the device body 10
and generates magnetic force that attracts the screw head 113 in a
direction that press-contacts the top end flat face 113a of the
screw head 113 against the oscillating end surface 10a.
[0315] The vise mechanism member 94 that replaces the stopper 88
and the magnet 95 that supplements the preload force that the
preload generating means produces may be applied to the first
example and the second example, and the magnet 95 may be applied to
the fourth example described below.
[0316] FIG. 17 is a drawing showing a fourth example of the screw
driving device according to the present embodiment, showing the
main portions of the screw driving device and the manner in which
the screw driving device is to be used.
[0317] As shown in the same drawing, the screw driving device
.alpha.14 according to this fourth example is, similarly to those
in the first example, the second example, and the third example,
constituted to have in addition to the device body 10, the screw
driving device-side hook 81, and the preload generating means
fixing member 83, a direct-acting actuator 96 that generates a
predetermined tension in a linear direction in the wire 86 as the
preload generating means. Other constituent elements have the same
functions and modes as those described in the first example, the
second example, and the third example.
[0318] Here, the preload generating means fixing member 83 is, for
example, a U-shaped frame-type member having both ends fixed to
symmetrical sections of the guard portion 18a of the flange member
18 so as to contain at least the rear portion of the device body
10. The direct-acting actuator 96 is installed on the preload
generating means fixing member 83 on the center hole cylindrical
extension of the device body 10 further to the rear of the rear end
surface 10b of the device body 10.
[0319] The direct-acting actuator 96 generates a predetermined
tension that is applied in a linear direction, in the left and
right directions of drawing, to the wire 86 by the cylinder or the
like and is coupled to the wire 86 in the left and right directions
of the drawing. Moreover, the bearing set 87 is interposed between
the wire 86 and the direct-acting actuator 96, so that axial
rotational motion of the screw .beta.3 can be not transmitted to
the direct-acting actuator 96.
[0320] Thereby, by directly driving direct-acting actuator 96 until
the predetermined tension acts on the wire 86, the oscillating end
surface 10a of the device body 10 and the top end flat face 113a of
the screw head 113 can be brought into contact with each other and
press-contacted. By generating the desired preload force,
sufficient fastening torque can be imparted for making the screw
.beta.3 perform axial rotational motion based on oscillations of
the device body 10.
[0321] The direct-acting actuator 96 is one that is capable of
generating a predetermined tension in the wire 86 by directly
acting on the wire 86 in the left and right directions in the
drawing, and is of a type not limited to a cylinder or a solenoid
that uses a linear motor, oil press, hydraulic pressure, and air
pressure, and may be one that converts the torque of a rotation
actuator to a linear direction.
[0322] An embodiment of the present invention was explained above,
giving one example of a screw and a first through fourth example of
a screw driving device. However, the present invention is not
necessarily limited to the aforementioned means, with appropriate
modifications thereof being possible within the scope having the
aforementioned effects.
FIFTH EMBODIMENT
[0323] Next, a modification example of the screw that corresponds
to the screw driving device illustrated in the aforementioned
embodiments shall be described as the fifth embodiment of the
present invention, referring to FIG. 18A to FIG. 20D. In the
present embodiment, a first example and a second example of a screw
with a constitution that adds a means for obtaining a higher
fastening force to the screws illustrated in the aforementioned
embodiments shall be described in turn.
[0324] The screw driving device preferably used in the present
embodiment is a screw driving device illustrated in the
aforementioned embodiments, and accordingly the present embodiment
shall omit a detailed description of the screw driving device.
[0325] FIGS. 18A to 19B are lineblock diagrams showing the first
example of the screw according to the present embodiment.
[0326] FIG. 18A is a drawing showing the outline configuration of
the first example of the screw according to the fourth embodiment
of the present invention, being a partial sectional side view
showing the screw prior to the increase of the fastening force.
FIG. 18B is a partial sectional side view showing the manner in
which the screw shown in FIG. 18A is to be used. FIG. 8C is a front
view showing the top end face of the screw head of the screw shown
in FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B. FIG. 19A is a partial sectional side view
of the screw shown in FIG. 18A after increasing the fastening force
thereof. FIG. 19B is a partial sectional side view showing the
manner in which the screw shown in FIG. 19A is to be used.
[0327] As shown in FIG. 18A and FIG. 19A, the screw .beta.4
according to the present first example comprises a screw-threaded
shaft 142 that is made to protrudingly stand on the center of the
seating surface 141a of the screw head 141, a washer 143, and an
elastic force generating means 144, exhibiting a sufficient
fastening force by using the function of the washer 143 even when
fastening cannot be performed with sufficient fastening force.
Moreover, in the case of providing an elastic force restraining
means 145 in the screw .beta.4, after being once fastened in the
screw hole, the screw .beta.4 can be constituted to be capable of
releasing the pressing force made to act with the structural member
(member to be fastened) 220 that had been inhibited.
[0328] Here, the washer 143 is mounted on the screw-threaded shaft
142, and in the case of making contact by applying sufficient force
with the peripheral rim of the screw hole during fastening of the
screw .beta.4 to the member to be fastened 220, the washer 143 is
constituted to increase the fastening force of the screw .beta.4,
and is for example a ring-shaped flat washer 143 whose diameter is
formed to be larger than the screw-threaded shaft 142 by a required
length.
[0329] On the one hand, the elastic force generating means 144 is,
as shown in FIG. 19B, constituted so as to generate a fastening
force of the screw .beta.4 by increasing the pressing force of the
washer 143 to the structural member 220 by applying an elastic
force that expands the space between the screw head 141 and the
washer 143, being constituted by an elastic member and constituted
to have a compression coil spring 144 that revolves spirally
centered on the end portion of a neck portion 142a of the
screw-threaded shaft 142 and interposed between the seating surface
of the screw head 141 and the end face of the washer 143 facing
opposite.
[0330] On the other, the elastic force restraining means 145 is, as
shown in FIG. 18A and FIG. 18B, constituted to fix in a
predetermined gap the elastic force generating means 144 in a
pre-compressed state by forcibly applying to the seating surface of
the screw head 141 and the end face of the washer 143 facing
opposite a restraining force that opposes the elastic force of the
elastic force generating means 144, and, as shown in FIG. 19A and
FIG. 19B, when the application of the restraining force is released
after fastening to the screw hole of the structural member 220, the
elastic force restraining means 145 is capable of releasing the
elastic force of the elastic force generating means 144. For
example, when the compression coil spring 144 is adopted for the
elastic force generating means 144, the elastic force restraining
means 145 fixes the elastic force generating means 144 in a
predetermined gap by forcibly applying a restraining force that
opposes the elastic force of the compression coil spring 144 to
make the compression coil spring 144 shorter in advance than its
natural length. When the application of the restraining force is
released, the elastic force restraining means 145 is constituted to
be capable of realizing the elastic force of the compression coil
spring 144.
[0331] Here, the elastic force restraining means 145 is optimally
an adhesive 145 or the like that sets to adhesively fix the elastic
force generating means 144 in a compressed state so as to make the
seating surface of the screw head 141 and the end face of the
washer 143 facing opposite approach each other until a
predetermined gap, and being capable of releasing the elastic force
of the elastic force generating means 144 by releasing the adhesive
fixation when a predetermined process is performed.
[0332] When the adhesive 145 is adopted for the elastic force
restraining means 145, one that has a characteristic of losing its
bonding capability by being doused with warm water of a
predetermined temperature or heated is optimal. For example,
"Ecosepara" (product name), an epoxy-based resin adhesive made by
Kaken Tech Co., is one that satisfies this requirement.
[0333] In the case of employing "Ecosepara" for the elastic force
restraining means 145, since "Ecosepara" has an adhesive strength
of 15 MPa, in consideration of this adhesive strength, by making
the diameter of the screw head 141a suitable size, the screw
.beta.4 can be made to generate sufficient fastening force.
[0334] Also, when the elastic force restraining means 145, such as
"Ecosepara" that is filled in a thin layer shape, does not
interfere with the exertion of the elastic force of the elastic
force generating means 144 after exfoliation, it may, as shown in
FIG. 18A, FIG. 18B, FIG. 19A and FIG. 19B, be made to adhesively
harden all in one reaching to the interior of the spiral of the
elastic force generating means 144. However, the elastic force
restraining means 145 may also be filled in a ring shape passing
the elastic force generating means 144 through the middle so as to
avoid contact therewith.
[0335] Moreover, when a predetermined release means such as warm
water or a predetermined adhesive release liquid or the like is
applied to release the application of the restraining force between
the screw head 141 and the washer 143 by the elastic force
restraining means 145, the screw .beta.4 may annularly project a
water ingress prevention means 146 at a position of the neck
portion 142a approaching the screw thread directly under the washer
143, sealing the gap between the screw-threaded shaft 142 and the
screw hole formed in the structural member 220 to prevent ingress
of water into the screw hole due to the release means. As the water
ingress prevention means 146, an O-ring waterproof packing 146 made
of a synthetic resin material such as synthetic rubber is
optimal.
[0336] Once the screw .beta.4 that is thus constituted is fastened
to the bottom of the screw hole of the structural member 220, as
shown in FIG. 18B, by administering the predetermined process such
as pouring warm water on the elastic force restraining means 145
(adhesive 145), the application of the restraining force that fixes
the elastic force generating means 144 in a predetermined gap is
released, and the elastic force generating means 144 (compression
coil spring 144), whose elastic force had until then been inhibited
in a pre-compressed state opposing the elastic force, expands to
apply the elastic force in a direction that pulls the screw head
141 in a direction from the screw hole, with this pressing force
serving as a fastening force.
[0337] Also, the top end face 141b of the screw head 141 of the
screw .alpha.4 is not limited to one formed with a female recess
such as a + or - shape corresponding to the distal end of a
conventional screwdriver, and as shown in FIG. 18C, by being formed
as a flat surface without a female recess that correspondingly fits
a screwdriver distal end, the screw .beta.4 can be made
tamper-proof without marring the aesthetic appearance. In this
case, the shortage of fastening force when fastening with a
conventional piezoelectric driver is eliminated, enabling fastening
by applying sufficient fastening force.
[0338] Next, FIG. 20A to FIG. 20D are drawings showing the outline
configuration of a spring washer used in the second example of the
screw according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention,
being a front view showing in transparency a portion of the spring
washer. FIG. 20B is a side view showing in transparency a portion
of the spring washer shown in FIG. 20A. FIG. 20C is a drawing
showing the outline configuration of the screw that adopts the
spring washer shown in FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B, being a partial
sectional side view showing the screw prior to increasing the
fastening force thereof. FIG. 20D is a partial sectional side view
showing the screw shown in FIG. 20C after increasing the fastening
force thereof.
[0339] In the drawings used in describing the present embodiment
below, the same reference numerals are given to constituent
elements that are identical or equivalent to those shown in FIG.
18A to FIG. 19C, and so detailed explanations of those constituent
elements shall be omitted here.
[0340] As shown in FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B, the washer 143 and the
elastic force generating means 144 described in the first example
can be integrally formed by a spring washer 147 (spring washer).
The spring washer 147 is constituted to be mounted on the
screw-threaded shaft 142 to contact the circumferential edge of the
screw hole during fastening, and by applying elastic force based on
the elastic shape when the restraint of the elastic force by the
elastic force restraining means 145 is released, applies sufficient
pressing force to the structural member 220 to make contact.
Thereby, the spring washer 147 combines the functions of the washer
143 and the elastic force generating means 144 to increase the
fastening force by applying sufficient force with the
circumferential edge of the screw hole to make contact even when,
for example, fastening cannot be performed with sufficient
fastening force.
[0341] At this time, in the screw .beta.5 in the present
embodiment, as shown in FIG. 20C, the spring washer 147 is forcibly
fixed in advance to be made to integrally make close contact with
the screw head 141, and as shown in FIG. 20D, when this close
contact is released after fastening to the screw hole, the elastic
force of the spring washer 147 is made to act between the seating
surface 141a of the screw head 141 and the circumferential edge of
the screw hole.
[0342] An embodiment of the present invention was explained above,
giving a first example and a second example in turn. However, the
present invention is not necessarily limited to the aforementioned
means, with appropriate modifications thereof being possible within
the scope having the aforementioned effects.
INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[0343] The present invention can favorably perform a fastening
operation or a loosening operation of a screw that joins, for
example, a given member to be fastened.
* * * * *