U.S. patent application number 10/582134 was filed with the patent office on 2007-07-05 for synergistic insecticidal mixtures.
This patent application is currently assigned to Bayer Cropscience Aktiengesellschaft. Invention is credited to Wolfram Andersch, Heike Hungenberg, Wolfgang Thielert.
Application Number | 20070155797 10/582134 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 34701984 |
Filed Date | 2007-07-05 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070155797 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Andersch; Wolfram ; et
al. |
July 5, 2007 |
Synergistic insecticidal mixtures
Abstract
The invention relates to insecticide mixtures comprising
thiodicarb and at least one other known active ingredient from the
category of chloronicotinyls, as well as the use of these mixtures
to control animal pests.
Inventors: |
Andersch; Wolfram; (Bergisch
Gladbach, DE) ; Hungenberg; Heike; (Langenfeld,
DE) ; Thielert; Wolfgang; (Odenthal, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
STERNE, KESSLER, GOLDSTEIN & FOX P.L.L.C.
1100 NEW YORK AVENUE, N.W.
WASHINGTON
DC
20005
US
|
Assignee: |
Bayer Cropscience
Aktiengesellschaft
Alfred-Nobel-Str.50
Monheim
DE
40789
|
Family ID: |
34701984 |
Appl. No.: |
10/582134 |
Filed: |
November 27, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
November 27, 2004 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP04/13470 |
371 Date: |
June 8, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
514/341 ;
514/477 |
Current CPC
Class: |
A01N 47/24 20130101;
A01N 47/24 20130101; A01N 47/44 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N
47/24 20130101; A61P 33/14 20180101; A01N 43/50 20130101; A01N
43/88 20130101; A01N 51/00 20130101; A01N 43/40 20130101; A01N
2300/00 20130101; A01N 47/40 20130101; A01N 47/40 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
514/341 ;
514/477 |
International
Class: |
A01N 47/10 20060101
A01N047/10; A01N 43/40 20060101 A01N043/40 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 12, 2003 |
DE |
10358181.2 |
Jun 16, 2004 |
DE |
102004028995.6 |
Claims
1. A composition comprising a synergistically effective mixture of
thiodicarb having the formula ##STR5## and at least one compound
from the category of chloronicotinyls.
2. A composition of claim 1 comprising a synergistically effective
mixture of thiodicarb and imidacloprid.
3. A composition of claim 1 comprising a synergistically effective
mixture of thiodicarb and acetamiprid.
4. A composition of claim 1 comprising a synergistically effective
mixture of thiodicarb and nitenpyram.
5. A composition of claim 1 comprising a synergistically effective
mixture of thiodicarb and thiamethoxam.
6. A composition of claim 1 comprising a synergistically effective
mixture of thiodicarb and clothianidin.
7. A composition comprising of claim 1 a synergistically effective
mixture of thiodicarb and thiacloprid.
8. A composition of claim 1 comprising a synergistically effective
mixture of thiodicarb and dinotefuran.
9. (canceled)
10. (canceled)
11. A pesticide composition comprising the synergistically
effective mixture of claim 1 and extenders and/or surfactants.
12. A method of controlling animal pests comprising applying the
composition of claim 11 to the area to be rid of said pests.
13. A method of controlling animal pests comprising applying the
composition of claim 1 to an area to be rid of said pests.
Description
[0001] The present invention relates to new combinations of active
ingredients that comprise the active ingredients thiodicarb and an
additional active ingredient from the category of chloronicotinyls
and that possess very good insecticidal properties.
[0002] It is already known that thiodicarb can be used to control
animal pests, especially insects. Furthermore, it is known that
chloronicotinyls such as imidacloprid, thiacloprid, clothianidin,
thiamethoxam, acetamiprid, nitenpyram and dinotefuran are suitable
for controlling animal pests, especially insects.
[0003] The efficacy of these compounds is good, but falls short in
some cases when small quantities are applied or when used on
individual pests.
[0004] It has now been found that mixtures comprising thiodicarb
and one compound from the category of chloronicotinyls are
synergistically effective and are suitable for controlling animal
pests. This synergy makes it possible to use markedly smaller
quantities of the active ingredient, i.e. the effect of the mixture
is greater than the effect of the individual components.
[0005] The mentioned compounds are known, for example, from The
Pesticide Manual, 11th edition, 1997, published by the British Crop
Protection Council, see page 1195 for thiodicarb, page 706 for
imidacloprid, page 9 for acetamiprid and page 880 for
nitenpyram.
[0006] The formula for thiamethoxam is ##STR1## and is known from
EP 0 580 553.
[0007] The formula for clothianidin is ##STR2## and is known from
EP 0 376 279.
[0008] The formula for thiacloprid is ##STR3## and is known from EP
0 235 725.
[0009] The formula for dinotefuran is ##STR4## and is known from EP
0 649 845.
[0010] The proportion of the utilised active ingredients to one
another, as well as the total amount of the mixture to be applied
depends on the species and occurrence of the insects. The optimal
proportions and total amounts used can be determined by test series
for each application.
[0011] A particularly preferred mixture according to the invention
comprises the active ingredients thiodicarb and imidacloprid. In
the mixture the weight ratio of the two substances in relation to
each other is preferred between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and
particularly preferred between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5, whereby here, as
below, thiodicarb is referred to first in each case in the
ratios.
[0012] Another particularly preferred mixture according to the
invention comprises the active ingredients thiodicarb and
acetamiprid. In the mixture the weight ratio of the two active
ingredients is preferred between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and
particularly preferred between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.
[0013] Another particularly preferred mixture according to the
invention comprises the active ingredients thiodicarb and
nitenpyram. In the mixture the weight ratio of the two active
ingredients is preferred between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and
particularly preferred between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.
[0014] Another particularly preferred mixture according to the
invention comprises the active ingredients thiodicarb and
dinotefuran. In the mixture the weight ratio of the two active
ingredients is preferred between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and
particularly preferred between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.
[0015] Another particularly preferred mixture according to the
invention comprises the active ingredients thiodicarb and
thiamethoxam. In the mixture the weight ratio of the two active
ingredients is preferred between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and
particularly preferred between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.
[0016] Another particularly preferred mixture according to the
invention comprises the active ingredients thiodicarb and
clothianidin. In the mixture the weight ratio of the two active
ingredients is preferred between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and
particularly preferred between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.
[0017] Another particularly preferred mixture according to the
invention comprises the active ingredients thiodicarb and
thiacloprid. In the mixture the weight ratio of the two active
ingredients is preferred between 100 to 1 and 1 to 50 and
particularly preferred between 25 to 1 and 1 to 5.
[0018] The active ingredient combinations, having good plant
tolerability and favourable toxicity to warm-blooded animals, are
suitable for controlling animal pests, especially insects,
arachnids and nematodes, that occur in agriculture, forestry,
stored product protection and materials protection, as well as in
the sanitation sector. They can be used preferably as pesticides.
They are effective for normally sensitive and resistant species, as
well as for all life stages, or individual stages. The
above-mentioned pests include:
[0019] From the order Isopoda, e.g., Oniscus asellus, Armadillidium
vulgare, Porcellio scaber.
[0020] From the order Diplopoda, e.g., Blaniulus guttulatus.
[0021] From the order Chilopoda, e.g., Geophilus carpophagus,
Scutigera spp.
[0022] From the order Symphyla, e.g., Scutigerella immaculata.
[0023] From the order Thysanura, e.g., Lepisma saccharina.
[0024] From the order Collembola, e.g., Onychiurus armatus.
[0025] From the order Orthoptera, e.g., Acheta domesticus,
Gryllotalpa spp., Locusta migratoria migratorioides, Melanoplus
spp., Schistocerca gregaria.
[0026] From the order Blattaria, e.g., Blatta orientalis,
Periplaneta americana, Leucophaea maderae, Blattella germanica.
[0027] From the order Dermaptera, e.g., Forficula auricularia.
[0028] From the order Isoptera, e.g., Reticulitermes spp.
[0029] From the order Phthiraptera, e.g., Pediculus humanus
corporis, Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Trichodectes spp.,
Damalinia spp.
[0030] From the order Thysanoptera, e.g., Hercinothrips femoralis,
Thrips tabaci, Thrips palmi, Frankliniella occidentalis.
[0031] From the order Heteroptera, e.g., Eurygaster spp., Dysdercus
intermedius, Piesma quadrata, Cimex lectularius, Rhodnius prolixus,
Triatoma spp.
[0032] From the order Homoptera, e.g., Aleurodes brassicae, Bemisia
tabaci, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, Aphis gossypii, Brevicoryne
brassicae, Cryptomyzus ribis, Aphis fabae, Aphis pomi, Eiiosoma
lanigerum, Hyalopterus arundinis, Phylloxera vastatrix, Pemphigus
spp., Macrosiphum avenae, Myzus spp., Phorodon humuli,
Rhopalosiphum padi, Empoasca spp., Euscelis bilobatus, Nephotettix
cincticeps, Lecanium corni, Saissetia oleae, Laodelphax
striatellus, Nilaparvata lugens, Aonidiella aurantii, Aspidiotus
hederae, Pseudococcus spp., Psylla spp.
[0033] From the order Lepidoptera e.g, Pectinophora gossypiella,
Bupalus piniarius, Cheimatobia brumata, Lithocolletis blancardella,
Hyponomeuta padella, Plutella xylostella, Malacosoma neustria,
Euproctis chrysorrhoea, Lymantria spp., Bucculatrix thurberiella,
Phyllocnistis citrella, Agrotis spp., Euxoa spp., Feltia spp.,
Earias insulana, Heliothis spp., Mamestra brassicae, Panolis
flammea, Spodoptera spp., Trichoplusia ni, Carpocapsa pomonella,
Pieris spp., Chilo spp., Pyrausta nubilalis, Ephestia kuehniella,
Galleria mellonella, Tineola bisselliella, Tinea pellionella,
Hofmannophila pseudospretella, Cacoecia podana, Capua reticulana,
Choristoneura fumiferana, Clysia ambiguella, Homona magnanima,
Tortrix viridana, Cnaphalocerus spp., Oulema oryzae.
[0034] From the order Coleoptera, e.g., Anobium punctatum,
Rhizopertha dominica, Bruchidius obtectus, Acanthoscelides
obtectus, Hylotrupes bajulus, Agelastica alni, Leptinotarsa
decemlineata, Phaedon cochleariae, Diabrotica spp., Psylliodes
chrysocephala, Epilachna varivestis, Atomaria spp., Oryzaephilus
surinamensis, Anthonomus spp., Sitophilus spp., Otiorrhynchus
sulcatus, Cosmopolites sordidus, Ceuthorrhynchus assimilis, Hypera
postica, Dermestes spp., Trogoderma spp., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus
spp., Lyctus spp., Meligethes aeneus, Ptinus spp., Niptus
hololeucus, Gibbium psylloides, Tribolium spp., Tenebrio molitor,
Agriotes spp., Conoderus spp., Melolontha melolontha, Amphimallon
solstitialis, Costelytra zealandica, Lissorhoptrus oryzophilus.
[0035] From the order Hymenoptera, e.g., Diprion spp., Hoplocampa
spp., Lasius spp., Monomorium pharaonis, Vespa spp.
[0036] From the order Diptera, e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp.,
Culex spp., Drosophila melanogaster, Musca spp., Fannia spp.,
Calliphora erythrocephala, Lucilia spp., Chrysomyia spp., Cuterebra
spp., Gastrophilus spp., Hyppobosca spp., Stomoxys spp., Oestrus
spp., Hypoderma spp., Tabanus spp., Tannia spp., Bibio hortulanus,
Oscinella frit, Phorbia spp., Pegomyia hyoscyami, Ceratitis
capitata, Dacus oleae, Tipula paludosa, Hylemyia spp., Liriomyza
spp.
[0037] From the order Siphonaptera, e.g., Xenopsylla cheopis,
Ceratophyllus spp.
[0038] From the class Arachnida, e.g., Scorpio maurus, Latrodectus
mactans, Acarus siro, Argas spp., Ornithodoros spp., Dermanyssus
gallinae, Eriophyes ribis, Phyllocoptruta oleivora, Boophilus spp.,
Rhipicephalus spp., Amblyomma spp., Hyalomma spp., Ixodes spp.,
Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Tarsonemus spp.,
Bryobia praetiosa, Panonychus spp., Tetranychus spp.,
Hemitarsonemus spp., Brevipalpus spp.
[0039] The plant-parasitic nematodes include, e.g., Pratylenchus
spp., Radopholus similis, Ditylenchus dipsaci, Tylenchulus
semipenetrans, Heterodera spp., Globodera spp., Meloidogyne spp.,
Aphelenchoides spp., Longidorus spp., Xiphinema spp., Trichodorus
spp., Bursaphelenchus spp.
[0040] In accordance with the invention all plants and plant parts
can be treated. Plants are understood here to be all plants and
plant populations, such as desirable and undesirable wild plants or
cultivated plants (including naturally occurring cultivated
plants). Cultivated plants can be plants that can be acquired
through conventional breeding and optimization methods or through
biotechnological methods and genetic engineering or combinations of
these methods, including transgenic plants and including plant
species than can and cannot be protected by plant breeder's rights.
Plant parts are understood to be all above-ground and underground
plant parts and organs, such as the shoot, leaf, flower and root,
whereby leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, receptacles,
fruits and seeds, as well as roots, tubers and rhizomes are listed
as examples. Plant parts also include harvested crops, as well as
vegetative and generative propagation material, for example shoots,
tubers, rhizomes, runners and seeds.
[0041] Hereby the particularly advantageous effect of the compounds
of the invention is emphasized in regard to application to cereals,
such as wheat, oats, barley, spelt, triticale and rye, as well as
corn, millet, rice, sugarcane, soy, sunflowers, potatoes, cotton,
rapeseed, canola, tobacco, sugar beets, fodder beets, asparagus,
hops, and fruit plants (including pomeaceous fruits such as apples
and pears; stone fruits such as peaches, nectarines, cherries,
plums and apricots; citrus fruits such as oranges, grapefruits,
limes, lemons, kumquats, mandarins and satsumas; nuts such as
pistachios, almonds, walnuts and pecans; tropical fruits such as
mango, papaya, pineapple, dates and bananas; and grapes) and
vegetables [including leafy green vegetables such as endives, corn
salad, Florence fennel, head and loose-leaf lettuce, common beets,
spinach and Belgian endive; cole crops such as cauliflower,
broccoli, Chinese cabbage, kale (green or curly kale), kohlrabi,
Brussels sprouts, red cabbage, white cabbage and savoy cabbage;
fruiting vegetables such as eggplants, cucumbers, peppers, edible
pumpkins and squashes, tomatoes, zucchini and sweet corn; root
vegetables such as celeriac, turnips, carrots, baby carrots,
radishes, baby radishes, garden beets, black salsify, celery;
legumes such as peas and beans; and alliums such as leeks and
onions].
[0042] The treatment of plants and plant parts with the active
ingredient combinations in accordance with the invention occurs
directly, or through action on the environment, habitat or storage
area in accordance with customary treatment methods, e.g., dipping,
spraying, vaporizing, nebulising, sprinkling, coating, and for
propagation material, in particular seeds, by one-layer or
multi-layer encasing of the seeds.
[0043] The mixtures in accordance with the invention are
particularly suited for treating seed. A large part of the damage
to cultivated plants by pests occurs when the seeds are infested
during storage and after the seeds have been sown in the soil, as
well as during and immediately after plant germination. This phase
is especially critical since the roots and shoots of the growing
plant are particularly sensitive, and even minor damage can result
in the death of entire plant. Therefore, there is a great deal of
interest in protecting seeds and germinating plants through the use
of appropriate means.
[0044] It has been known for years that treating plant seeds can
control pests, and treatments are continually being improved. When
treating seeds, however, there is a series of problems that can
arise, which cannot always be solved satisfactorily. Therefore it
is worthwhile to develop processes that protect seeds and
germinating plants and that make unnecessary the deployment of
pesticides after sowing or after plants have emerged. It is
furthermore worthwhile to optimize the amount of active ingredient
used so that the seeds and the germinating plants are protected as
much as possible before being infested by pests without damaging
the plant itself with the active ingredient used. In particular,
processes for treating seeds should also take into account the
intrinsic insecticidal properties of transgenic plants in order to
optimally protect seeds and germinating plants while using the
minimum amount pesticides.
[0045] Therefore the present invention relates in particular to a
process for protecting seeds and germinating plants before they
have been infested by pests by treating the seeds with a
composition in accordance with the invention. The invention also
relates to the use of the compositions of the invention for
treating seeds to protect them and germinating plants from
pests.
[0046] Furthermore, the invention relates to seeds that have been
treated with a composition of the invention to protect them from
pests.
[0047] One of the advantages of the present invention is that, due
to the special systemic properties of the compositions of the
invention, the treatment of seeds with these compositions protects
from pests both the seeds themselves and the plants that emerge
from them after germination. This makes it unnecessary to
immediately treat the culture during sowing or shortly
thereafter.
[0048] Another advantage relates to the synergistic increase of the
insecticidal efficacy of the composition of the invention compared
to the respective single active ingredient, wherein the increase of
efficacy is greater than the sum of the efficacy of the two
separately applied active ingredients. This allows the optimization
of the quantity of active ingredient to be used.
[0049] It is also considered advantageous that the mixtures
according to the invention in particular can also be used for
transgenic seed, whereby the plants that emerge from this seed can
express a protein that is targeted against pests. By treating such
seed with the compositions of the invention certain pests can be
controlled just through the expression of, e.g., an insecticidal
protein, resulting surprisingly in synergistically increased
efficacy with the compositions of the invention, which further
improves the effectiveness of the protection against
infestation.
[0050] The compositions of the invention are suitable for
protecting seeds of all plant species as already listed above,
which are used in agriculture, forestry, horticulture and
viniculture. In particular this refers to the seed of corn,
peanuts', canola, rape, poppy, olive, coconut, cocoa, soy, cotton,
beets (sugar and fodder beets), rice, millet, wheat, barley, oats,
rye, sunflower, sugarcane and tobacco.
[0051] The compositions of the invention are also suitable for
treating the seed of fruiting plants and vegetables such as those
already listed above. Of particular importance is the treatment of
the seed of corn, soy, cotton, wheat and canola or rape.
[0052] As already mentioned previously, the treatment of transgenic
seed with a composition of the invention is of particular
importance. What is being referred to is the seed of plants that as
a rule possess at least one heterologous gene that controls the
expression of a polypeptide with particular insecticidal
properties. The heterologous genes in transgenic seed can originate
from microorganisms such as Bacillus, Rhizobium, Pseudomonas,
Serratia, Trichoderma, Clavibacter, Glomus and Gliocladium. The
present invention is particularly suited for treating transgenic
seed that possesses at least one heterologous gene that originated
from Bacillus sp. and whose genetic product is effective against
the European corn borer and/or the western corn rootworm.
[0053] Particularly preferred is a heterologous gene that
originates from Bacillus thuringiensis.
[0054] Within the context of the present invention, the composition
of the invention alone or in an appropriate formulation is applied
to the seed. Preferably the seed is treated in a situation that is
stable enough that no damage results from the treatment. In general
seed may be treated at any time between harvest and sowing.
Customarily seed is used that has been separated from the plant and
extricated from the cob, pod, stem, husk, wool, or receptacle.
[0055] In general, care must be taken when treating the seed to
select the amount of the composition of the invention that will be
applied to the seed and/or other additives so that the germination
of the seed is not compromised and the plant that emerges is not
damaged. This should primarily be kept in mind for active
ingredients that can have phytotoxic effects in certain application
quantities.
[0056] The compositions of the invention can be applied, directly,
that is without containing other components or being diluted. As a
rule is preferable to apply the composition in the form of a
formulation suitable to the seed. Suitable formulations and
processes for treating seed are known to persons skilled in the art
and are described, e.g., in the following documents: U.S. Pat. No.
4,272,417 A, U.S. Pat. No. 4,245,432 A, U.S. Pat. No. 4,808,430 A,
U.S. Pat. No. 5,876,739 A, US 2003/0176428 A1, WO 2002/080675 A1,
WO 2002/028186 A2.
[0057] The combinations of active ingredients can be transformed
into the usual formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, wettable
powders, suspensions, powders, dusts, pastes, soluble powders,
granulates, suspension emulsion concentrates, natural and synthetic
substances impregnated with the active ingredient and
micro-encapsulations in polymer substances.
[0058] These formulations are produced in known manners, e.g., by
mixing the active ingredients with extenders, i.e., solvents and/or
solid carriers, if necessary using surfactants, i.e., emulsifiers
and/or dispersants and/or foaming agents.
[0059] In the case of water being used as an extender, organic
solvents, for example, can be used as auxiliary solvents. The
primary liquid solvents include: aromatics, such as xylol, toluol
and alkylnaphthalenes; chlorinated aromatics and chlorinated
aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes,
and methylene chloride; aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane
and paraffins, e.g., crude oil fractions, mineral and plant oils;
alcohols, such as butanol or glycol, as well as their ethers and
esters; ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl
isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexane; highly polarized solvents, such
as dimethyl formamide and dimethyl sulfoxide; and water.
[0060] Solid carriers include: [0061] e.g., ammonium salts and
natural crushed rock such as kaolins, aluminas, talc, chalk,
silica, attapulgite, montmorillonite and diatomaceous earth, and
synthetic crushed rock, such as highly disperse silicic acid,
aluminium oxide and silicates; solid carriers for granulates
include: e.g., crushed and fractionated natural stone such as
calcite, marble, pumice, sepiolite, dolomite, as well as synthetic
granulates made out of inorganic and organic rock flours, and
granulates made out of organic material such as sawdust, coconut
shells, corn cobs and tobacco stalks; emulsifiers and/or foaming
agents include: e.g., non-ionogenic and anionic emulsifiers, such
as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol
ethers, e.g., alkylaryl polyglycolether, alkylsulfonates,
alkylsulfates, arylsulfonates as well as protein hydrolysates;
dispersants include: e.g., lignosulfonate waste liquor and methyl
cellulose.
[0062] In the formulations, deposit builders such as
carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic powdered, granulated
or latex-shaped polymers may be used, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl
alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, as well as natural phospholipids such
as cephalines and lecithins and synthetic phospholipids. Additional
additives may include mineral and vegetable oils.
[0063] Colorants such as inorganic pigments, e.g., iron oxide,
titanium oxide, ferrocyanide blue and organic colorants, such as
alizarin-, azo- and metalphthalocyanine dyes and trace nutrients
such as salts of iron, manganese, boron, copper, cobalt, molybdenum
and zinc can be used.
[0064] The formulations generally comprise between 0.1 and 95% w/w
active ingredient, preferably between 0.5% and 90%.
[0065] The active ingredient combinations according to the
invention can exist in customary formulations, as well as in the
application forms prepared from these formulations in mixture with
other active ingredients, such as insecticides, attractants,
sterilants, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, fungicides,
growth-regulating agents and herbicides. Insecticides include, for
example, phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, carbonic acid esters,
chlorinated hydrocarbons, phenylurea, and substances produced by
microorganisms.
[0066] The following are examples of particularly advantageous
mixing partners:
Fungicides:
[0067] aldimorph, ampropylfos, ampropylfos-potassium, andoprim,
anilazin, azaconazol, azoxystrobin, [0068] benalaxyl, benodanil,
benomyl, benzamacril, benzamacril-isobutyl, bialaphos, binapacryl,
biphenyl, bitertanol, blasticidin-S, bromuconazole, bupirimate,
buthiobate, [0069] calcium polysulfide, capsimycin, captafol,
captan, carbendazim, carboxin, carvone, chinomethionat,
chlobenthiazone, chlorfenazole, chloroneb, chloropicrin,
chlorothalonil, chlozolinate, clozylacon, cufraneb, cymoxanil,
cyproconazole, cyprodinil, cyprofuram, [0070] debacarb,
dichlorophen, diclobutrazol, dichlofluanid, diclomezine, dicloran,
diethofencarb, difenoconazole, dimethirimol, dimethomorph,
diniconazole, diniconazole-M, dinocap, diphenylamine, dipyrithione,
ditalimfos, dithianon, dodemorph, dodine, drazoxolon, [0071]
edifenphos, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, ethirimol, etridiazole,
[0072] famoxadone, fenapanil, fenarimol, fenbuconazole, fenfuram,
fenitropan, fenpiclonil, fenpropidin, fenpropimorph, fentin
acetate, fentin hydroxide, ferbam, ferimzone, fluazinam,
flumetover, fluoroimide, fluquinconazole, flurprimidol,
flusilazole, flusulfamide, flutolanil, flutriafol, folpet,
fosetyl-aluminium, fosetyl-sodium, fthalide, fuberidazole,
furalaxyl, furametpyr, furcarbonil, furconazole, furconazole-cis,
furmecyclox, [0073] guazatine, [0074] hexachlorobenzene,
hexaconazole, hymexazol, [0075] imazalil, imibenconazole,
iminoctadine, iminoctadine albesilate, iminoctadine triacetate,
iodocarb, ipconazole, iprobenfos (IBP), iprodione, irumamycin,
isoprothiolane, isovaledione, [0076] kasugamycin, kresoxim-methyl;
copper preparations, such as: copper hydroxide, copper naphthenate,
copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, copper oxide, oxine copper and
Bordeaux mixture, [0077] mancopper, mancozeb, maneb, ferimzone,
mepanipyrirri, mepronil, metalaxyl, metconazole, methasulfocarb,
methfuroxam, metiram, metomeclan, metsulfovax, mildiomycin,
myclobutanil, myclozolin, [0078] nickel-dimethyldithiocarbamate,
nitrothal-isopropyl, nuarimol, [0079] ofurace, oxadixyl, oxamocarb,
oxolinic acid, oxycarboxin, oxythiinh, [0080] paclobutrazol,
pefurazoate, penconazole, pencycuron, phosdiphen, pimaricin,
piperalin, polyoxin, polyoxorim, probenazole, prochloraz,
procymidone, propamocarb, Propanosine-sodium, propiconazole,
propineb, pyrazophos, pyrifenox, pyrimethanil, pyroquilon,
pyroxyfur, [0081] quinconazole, quintozene (PCNB), [0082] sulfur
and sulfur preparations, [0083] tebuconazole, tecloftalam,
tecnazene, tetcyclacis, tetraconazole, thiabendazole, thicyofen,
thifluzamide, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, tioxymid,
tolclofos-methyl, tolylfluanid, triadimefon, triadimenol,
triazbutil, triazoxide, trichiamide, tricyclazol, tridemorph,
triflumizole, triforin, triticonazole, [0084] uniconazole, [0085]
validamycin A, vinclozolin, diniconazol, [0086] zarilamid, zineb,
ziram as well as [0087] dagger G [0088] OK-8705, [0089] OK-8801,
[0090]
.alpha.-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-.beta.-(2-phenoxyethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-e-
thanol, [0091]
.alpha.-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-.beta.-fluor-b-propyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-et-
hanol, [0092]
.alpha.-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-.beta.-methoxy-a-methyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole-1--
ethanol, [0093]
(5RS,6RS)-6-hydroxy-2,2,7,7-tetramethyl-5-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-3-octa-
none, [0094]
(E)-a-(methoxyimino)-N-methyl-2-phenoxy-phenylacetamide, [0095]
{2-methyl-1-[[[1-(4-methylphenyl)-ethyl]-amino]-carbonyl]-propyl}-
-carbamic acid-1-isopropylester [0096]
1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-ethanone-O-(phenylmethy-
l)-oxime, [0097] 1-(2-methyl-1-naphthalenyl)-1H-pyrrol-2,5-dion,
[0098] 1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)-3-(2-propenyl)-2,5-pyrrolidindione,
[0099] 1-[(diiodomethyl)-sulfonyl]-4-methyl-benzol, [0100]
1-[[2-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane-2-yl]-methyl]-1H-imidazole,
[0101]
1-[[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-phenyloxiranyl]-methyl]-1H-1,2,4-triazol-
e, [0102]
1-[1-[2-[(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-methoxy]-phenyl]-ethenyl]-1H-imidazole,
[0103] 1-methyl-5-nonyl-2-(phenylmethyl)-3-pyrrolidinol, [0104]
2',6'-dibromo-2-methyl-4'-trifluoromethoxy-4'-trifluoro-methyl-1,3-thiazo-
le-5-carboxanilide, [0105]
2,2-dichloro-N-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-ethyl]-1-ethyl-3-methyl-cyclopropane
carboxamide, [0106]
2,6-dichloro-5-(methylthio)-4-pyrimidinyl-thiocyanate, [0107]
2,6-dichloro-N-(4-trifluoromethylbenzyl)-benzamide, [0108]
2,6-dichloro-N-[[4-(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl]-methyl]-benzamide,
[0109] 2-(2,3,3-triiodo-2-propenyl)-2H-tetrazole, [0110]
2-[(1-methylethyl)-sulfonyl]-5-(trichloromethyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole,
[0111]
2-[[6-deoxy-4-O-(4-O-methyl-.beta.-D-glycopyranosyl)-a-D-glucopyr-
anosyl]-amino]-4-methoxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile,
[0112] 2-aminobutane, [0113] 2-bromo-2-(bromomethyl)-pentane
dinitril, [0114]
2-chloro-N-(2,3-dihydro-1,1,3-trimethyl-1H-indene-4-yl)-3-pyridi-
ne carboxamide, [0115]
2-chloro-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(isothiocyanatomethyl)-acetamide,
[0116] 2-phenylphenol (OPP), [0117]
3,4-dichloro-1-[4-(difluoromethoxy)-phenyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione,
[0118]
3,5-dichloro-N-[cyan[(1-methyl-2-propynyl)-oxy]-methyl]-benzamide,
[0119] 3-(1,1-dimethylpropyl-1-oxo)-1H-indene-2-carbonitrile,
[0120] 3-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-ethoxy-3-isoxazolidinyl]-pyridine,
[0121]
4-chloro-2-cyan-N,N-dimethyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-1H-imidazole-1-sulfonamid-
e, [0122] 4-methyl-tetrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolin-5(4H)-one, [0123]
8-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-N-ethyl-N-propyl-1,4-dioxaspiro[4.5]decan-2-methana-
mine, [0124] 8-hydroxy quinoline sulfate, [0125]
9H-xanthene-9-carboxylic acid-2-[(phenylamino)-carbonyl]-hydrazide,
[0126]
bis-(1-methylethyl)-3-methyl-4-[(3-methylbenzoyl)-oxy]-2,5-thioph-
ene dicarboxylate, [0127]
cis-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-yl)-cycloheptanol,
[0128]
cis-4-[3-[4-(1,1-dimethylpropyl)-phenyl-2-methylpropyl]-2,6-dimethyl-morp-
holin-hydrochloride, [0129]
ethyl-[(4-chlorophenyl)-azo]-cyanoacetate, [0130] potassium
hydrogen carbonate, [0131] methane tetrathiol sodium salt, [0132]
methyl-1-(2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-1H-indene-1-yl)-1H-imidazole-5-carboxy-
late, [0133]
methyl-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(5-isoxazolylcarbonyl)-DL-alaninate,
[0134] methyl-N-(chloroacetyl)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-DL-alaninate,
[0135] N-(2,3-dichloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-cyclohexane
carboxamide. [0136]
N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-furanyl)-acetamide-
, [0137]
N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(tetrahydro-2-oxo-3-thienyl)-
-acetamide, [0138]
N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)-4-methyl-3-nitro-benzene sulphonamide,
[0139] N-(4-cyclohexylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinamine,
[0140] N-(4-hexylphenyl)-1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinamine,
[0141]
N-(5-chloro-2-methylphenyl)-2-methoxy-N-(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)-acetamide,
[0142] N-(6-methoxy)-3-pyridinyl)-cyclopropane carboxamide, [0143]
N-[2,2,2-trichloro-1-[(chloracetyl)-amino]-ethyl]-benzamide, [0144]
N-[3-chloro-4,5-bis-(2-propinyloxy)-phenyl]-N'-methoxy-methanimidamide,
[0145] N-formyl-N-hydroxy-DL-alanine-sodium salt, [0146]
O,O-diethyl-[2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-ethylphosphoramidothioate,
[0147] O-methyl-S-phenyl-phenyl propyl phosphoramidothioate, [0148]
S-methyl-1,2,3-benzothiadiazole-7-carbothioate, [0149]
spiro[2H]-1-benzopyran-2,1'(3'H)-isobenzofuran]-3'-one.
Bactericides:
[0150] bronopol, dichlorophen, nitrapyrin, nickel
dimethyldithiocarbamate, kasugamycin octhilinone, furan-carboxylic
acid, oxytetracycline, probenazole, streptomycin, tecloftalam,
copper sulfate and other copper formulations.
Insecticides/Acaricides/Nematicides
[0151] 1. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) Inhibitors
[0152] 1.1 Carbamates, for example [0153] alanycarb, aldicarb,
aldoxycarb, allyxycarb, aminocarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb,
bufencarb, butacarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbosulfan, cloethocarb, dimetilan, ethiofencarb,
fenobucarb, fenothiocarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb,
metam-sodium, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb,
promecarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, trimethacarb, XMC,
xylylcarb [0154] triazamate
[0155] 1.2 Organophosphates, for example [0156] acephate,
azamethiphos, azinphos (-methyl, -ethyl), bromophos-ethyl,
bromfenvinfos (-methyl), butathiofos, cadusafos, carbophenothion,
chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos
(-methyl/-ethyl), coumaphos, cyanofenphos, cyanophos,
chlorfenvinphos, demeton-s-methyl, demeton-s-methylsulphon,
dialifos, diazinon, dichlofenthion, dichlorvos/DDVP, dicrotophos,
dimethoate, dimethylvinphos, dioxabenzofos, disulfoton, EPN,
ethion, ethoprophos, etrimfos, famphur, fenamiphos, fenitrothion,
fensulfothion, fenthion, flupyrazofos, fonofos, formothion,
fosmethilan, fosthiazate, heptenophos, iodofenphos, iprobenfos,
isazofos, isofenphos, isopropyl O-salicylate, isoxathion,
malathion, mecarbam, methacrifos, methamidophos, methidathion,
mevinphos, monocrotophos, naled, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl,
parathion (-methyl/-ethyl), phenthoate, phorate, phosalone,
phosmet, phosphamidon, phosphocarb, phoxim, pirimiphos
(-methyl/-ethyl), profenofos, propaphos, propetamphos, prothiofos,
prothoate, pyraclofos, pyridaphenthion, pyridathion, quinalphos,
sebufos, sulfotep, sulprofos, tebupirimfos, temephos, terbufos,
tetrachlorvinphos, thiometon, triazophos, triclorfon,
vamidothion
[0157] 2. Sodium channel modulators/voltage dependent sodium
channel blockers
[0158] 2.1 Pyrethroids, for example [0159] acrinathrin, allethrin
(d-cis-trans, d-trans), beta-cyfluthrin, bifenthrin, bioallethrin,
bioallethrin ((S)-cyclopentyl isomer), bioethanomethrin,
biopermethrin, bioresmethrin, chlovaporthrin, cis-cypermethrin,
cis-resmethrin, cis-permethrin, clocythrin, cycloprothrin,
cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cypermethrin (alpha-, beta-, theta-,
zeta-), cyphenothrin, deltamethrin, empenthrin (1R-isomer),
esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenfluthrin, fenpropathrin,
fenpyrethrin, fenvalerate, flubrocythrinate, flucythrinate,
flufenprox, flumethrin, fluvalinate, fubfenprox, gamma-cyhalothrin,
imiprothrin, kadethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, metofluthrin,
permethrin (cis-, trans-), phenothrin (1R-trans isomer),
prallethrin, profluthrin, protrifenbute, pyresmethrin, resmethrin,
RU 15525, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, terallethrin,
tetramethrin (1R-isomer), tralomethrin, transfluthrin, ZXI 8901,
pyrethrins (pyrethrum) [0160] DDT
[0161] 2.2 oxadiazines, for example, indoxacarb
[0162] 3. Acetylcholine-receptor agonists/antagonists
[0163] 3.1 chloronicotyinyls, for example [0164] acetamiprid,
clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidac loprid, nitenpyram, nithiazine,
thiacloprid, thiamethoxam
[0165] 3.2 nicotine, bensultap, cartap
[0166] 4. Acetylcholine-receptor-modulators
[0167] 4.1 spinosyns, for example spinosad
[0168] 5. GABA-regulated chloride-channel antagonists
[0169] 5.1 cyclodiene organochlorines, for example [0170]
camphechlor, chlordane, endosulfan, gamma-HCH, HCH, heptachlor,
lindane, methoxychlor
[0171] 5.2 fiproles, for example [0172] acetoprole, ethiprole,
fipronil, vaniliprole
[0173] 6. Chloride-channel activators
[0174] 6.1 mectins, for example [0175] avermectin, emamectin,
emamectin-benzoate, ivermectin, milbemycin
[0176] 7. Juvenile-hormone mimics, for example [0177] diofenolan,
epofenonane, fenoxycarb, hydroprene, kinoprene, methoprene,
pyriproxyfen, triprene
[0178] 8. Ecdysone agonists/disruptors
[0179] 8.1 diacylhydrazine, for example [0180] chromafenozide,
halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide
[0181] 9. Chitin biosynthesis inhibitors
[0182] 9.1 benzoylureas, for example [0183] bistrifluron,
chlorfluazuron, diflubenzuron, fluazuron, flucycloxuron,
flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, noviflumuron,
penfluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron
[0184] 9.2 buprofezin
[0185] 9.3 cyromazine
[0186] 10. Oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors, ATP disruptors
[0187] 10.1 diafenthiuron
[0188] 10.2 organotins, for example azocyclotin, cyhexatin,
fenbutatin-oxide
[0189] 11. Uncouplng oxidative phosphorylation by short circuiting
the H proton gradient
[0190] 1.1 pyrroles, for example chlorfenapyr
[0191] 11.2 dinitrophenols, for example binapacryl, dinobuton,
dinocap, DNOC
[0192] 12. Site-I electron transport inhibitors
[0193] 12.1 METI's, for example fenazaquin, fenpyroximate,
pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad, tolfenpyrad
[0194] 12.2 hydramethylnon
[0195] 12.3 dicofol
[0196] 13. Site-II electron transport inhibitors [0197]
rotenone
[0198] 14. Site-III electron transport inhibitors [0199]
acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim
[0200] 15. Microbial disruptors of insect mid-gut membranes [0201]
Bacillus thuringiensis strains
[0202] 16. Fat-synthesis inhibitors [0203] tetronic acids, for
example [0204] spirodiclofen, spiromesifen [0205] tetramic acids,
for example [0206]
3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl
ethyl carbonate (alias: carbonic acid,
3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-en-4-yl
ethyl ester, CAS-reg.-no.: 382608-10-8) and carbonic acid,
cis-3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-8-methoxy-2-oxo-1-azaspiro[4.5]dec-3-ene-4-yl
ethyl ester (CAS-reg.-no.: 203313-25-1)
[0207] 17. Carboxamides, for example flonicamid
[0208] 18. Octopaminergic agonists, for example amitraz
[0209] 19. Magnesium-stimulated ATPase inhibitors, for example
propargite
[0210] 20. BDCAs, for example N2-[1,1-dimethyl-2-(methyl
sulfonyl)ethyl]-3-iodo-N1-[2-methyl-4-[1,2,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(trifluorome-
thyl)ethyl]phenyl]-1,2-benzene dicarboxamide (CAS reg. no.:
272451-65-7)
[0211] 21. Nereistoxin analogues, for example thiocyclam hydrogen
oxalate, thiosultap sodium
[0212] 22. Biological agents, hormones or pheromones, for example
[0213] azadirachtin, bacillus spp., Beauveria spp., codlemone,
metarrhizium spp., Paecilomyces spp., Thuringiensin, Verticillium
spp.
[0214] 23. Active ingredients with unknown or non-specific
mechanisms of action
[0215] 23.1 fumigants, for example [0216] aluminium phosphide,
methyl bromide, sulfuryl fluoride
[0217] 23.2 selective antifeedants, for example [0218] cryolite,
flonicamid, pymetrozine
[0219] 23.3 mite growth inhibitors, for example [0220]
clofentezine, etoxazole, hexythiazox
[0221] 23.4 amidoflumet, benclothiaz, benzoximate, bifenazate,
bromopropylate, buprofezin, chinomethionat, chlordimeform,
chlorobenzilate, chloropicrin, clothiazoben, cycloprene,
dicyclanil, fenoxacrim, fentrifanil, flubenzimine, flufenerim,
flufenzin, gossyplure, hydramethylnone, japonilure, metoxadiazone,
petroleum, piperonyl butoxide, potassium oleate, pyridalyl,
sulfluramid, tetradifon, tetrasul, triarathene, verbutin, and
[0222]
(1R-cis)-[5-(phenylmethyl)-3-furanyl]-methyl-3-[(dihydro-2-oxo-3(2H)-fura-
nylidend)-methyl]-2,2-dimethyl cyclopropane carboxylate [0223]
(3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl cyclopropane
carboxylate [0224]
1-[(2-chloro-5-thiazolyl)methyl]tetrahydro-3,5-dimethyl-N-nitro-1-
,3,5-triazine-2(1H)-imine [0225]
2-(2-chloro-6-fluorphenyl)-4-[4-(1,1-dimethylethyl)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-ox-
azole [0226] 2-(acetlyoxy)-3-dodecyl-1,4-naphthalend ione [0227]
2-chloro-N-[[[4-(1-phenylethoxy)-phenyl]-amino]-carbonyl]-benzamide
[0228]
2-chloro-N-[[[4-(2,2-dichloro-1,1-difluorethoxy)-phenyl]-amino]-c-
arbonyl]-benzamide [0229] 3-methylphenyl-propyl carbamate [0230]
4-[4-(4-ethoxyphenyl)-4-methylpentyl]-1-fluoro-2-phenoxy-benzole
[0231]
4-chloro-2-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-5-[[2-(2,6-dimethyl-4-phenoxyphenoxy)ethyl-
]thio]-3(2H)-pyridazinone [0232]
4-chloro-2-(2-chloro-2-methylpropyl)-5-[(6-iodo-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-3(2H-
)-pyridazinone [0233]
4-chloro-5-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methoxy]-2-(3,4-dichlorphenyl)-3(2H)-py-
ridazinone [0234] Bacillus thuringiensis strain EG-2348 [0235]
benzoic acid [2-benzoyl-1-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-hydrazide [0236]
butyric acid
2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-oxo-1-oxaspiro[4.5]dec-3-ene-4-yl-e-
ster [0237]
[3-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-thiazolidinylidene]-cyanamide
[0238]
dihydro-2-(nitromethylene)-2H-1,3-thiazine-3(4H)-carboxaldehyde
[0239]
ethyl-[2-[[1,6-dihydro-6-oxo-1-(phenylmethyl)-4-pyridazinyl]oxy]ethyl]-ca-
rbamate [0240] N-(3,4,4-trifluor-1-oxo-3-butenyl)-glycine [0241]
N-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-[4-(difluoromethoxy)phenyl]-4,5-dihydro-4-phenyl-1H--
pyrazole-1-carboxamide [0242]
N-methyl-N'-(1-methyl-2-propenyl)-1,2-hydrazine dicarbothioamide
[0243] N-methyl-N'-2-propenyl-1,2-hydrazine dicarbothioamide [0244]
O,O-diethyl-[2-(dipropylamino)-2-oxoethyl]-ethyl
phosphoroamidothioate
[0245] A mixture with other known active ingredients, such as
herbicides or fertilizers or growth regulators is also
possible.
[0246] The active ingredient combinations according to the
invention can furthermore be used as insecticides in their
customary formulations, as well as in the application forms
prepared from these formulations in a mixture with synergistic
agents. Synergistic agents are compounds through which the effect
of the active ingredients is enhanced, while the applied
synergistic agent itself does not need to be actively
effective.
[0247] The content of the active ingredient of the application
forms prepared from the customary formulations can vary widely. The
active ingredient concentration of the application forms can range
from 0.0000001 to 95% w/w of the active ingredient, preferably
between 0.0001 and 1% w/w.
[0248] The active ingredients are applied in a customary manner
appropriate for the application forms.
[0249] For application to sanitation-related and stored product
pests, the active ingredient combinations distinguish themselves
with an outstanding residual effect on wood and clay, as well as
with good alkali stability on limed substrates.
[0250] The active ingredient combinations according to the
invention act not only against plant, sanitation and stored-product
pests, but also in the veterinary medicine sector against animal
parasites (ectoparasites), such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange
mites, leaf mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly
larvae, lice, hair lice, feather lice and fleas. These parasites
include:
[0251] From the order Anoplura, e.g., Pediculus humanus corporis,
Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Trichodectes spp., Damalinia
spp.
[0252] From the order Mallophaga and the subclasses Amblycera and
Ischnocera e.g., Trimenopon spp., Menopon spp., Trinoton spp.,
Bovicola spp., Werneckiella spp., Lepikentron spp., Damalina spp.,
Trichodectes spp., Felicola spp.
[0253] From the order Diptera and the subclasses Nematocera and
Brachycera e.g., Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium
spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides
spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp.,
Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp.,
Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp.,
Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Lucilia spp.,
Chrysomyia spp., Wohlfahrtia spp., Sarcophaga spp., Oestrus spp.,
Hypoderma spp., Gasterophilus spp., Hippobosca spp., Lipoptena
spp., Melophagus spp.
[0254] From the order Siphonaptera e.g., Pulex spp.,
Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp.
[0255] From the order Heteroptera e.g., Cimex spp., Triatoma spp.,
Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp.
[0256] From the order Blattaria, e.g., Blatta orientalis,
Periplaneta americana, Blattella germanica, Supella spp.
[0257] From the subclass Acari (Acarina) and the orders Meta- and
Mesostigmata e.g., Argas spp., Ornithodorus spp., Otobius spp.,
Ixodes spp., Amblyomma spp., Boophilus spp., Dermacentor spp.,
Haemophysalis spp., Hyalomma spp., Rhipicephalus spp., Dermanyssus
spp., Raillietia spp., Pneumonyssus spp., Sternostoma spp., Varroa
spp.
[0258] From the order Actineda (Prostigata) and Acarida (Astigmata)
e.g., Acarapis spp., Cheyletiella spp., Ornithocheyletia spp.,
Myobia spp., Psorergates spp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp.,
Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp.,
Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp.,
Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp.,
Cytodites spp., Laminosioptes spp.
[0259] The active ingredient combinations according to the
invention are also suitable for controlling arthropods that afflict
agricultural livestock, such as cattle, sheep, goats, horses, hogs,
donkeys, camels, buffalo, rabbits, chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese
and bees; other pets, such as dogs, cats, caged birds and aquarium
fish, and also so-called test animals, such as hamsters, guinea
pigs, rats and mice. By controlling these arthropods, cases of
death and reduction in productivity (of meat, milk, wool, hides,
eggs, honey, etc.) should be decreased, so that more economic and
easier animal husbandry is possible by use of the active ingredient
combinations according to the invention.
[0260] The active ingredient combinations according to the
invention are used in the veterinary sector in the customary manner
by enteral administration in the form of, for example, tablets,
capsules, potions, drenches, granules, pastes, boluses, the
feed-through process and suppositories, by parenteral
administration, such as, for example, by injection (intramuscular,
subcutaneous, intravenous, intraperitoneal and the like), implants,
by nasal administration, by dermal use in the form, for example, of
dipping or bathing, spraying, pouring on and spotting on, washing
and powdering, and also with the aid of moulded articles containing
the active compound, such as collars, ear tags, tail tags, limb
bands, halters, marking devices and the like.
[0261] When used for cattle, poultry, pets and the like, the active
ingredient can be used as formulations (for example powders,
emulsions, free-flowing agents), which contain the active
ingredients in an amount of 1 to 80% w/w, directly or after 100- to
10,000-fold dilution, or they can be used as a chemical bath.
[0262] It has furthermore been found that the active ingredient
combinations according to the invention have a strong insecticidal
action against insects that destroy industrial materials.
[0263] The following insects are listed as examples and as being
preferred--but without being limited to such:
[0264] Beetles such as
[0265] Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum,
Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinus pecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex,
Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus
africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens,
Trogoxylon aequale, Minthes rugicollis, Xyleborus spec.
Tryptodendron spec. Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins,
Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec. Dinoderus minutus.
[0266] Hymenoptera such as
[0267] Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus,
Urocerus augur.
[0268] Termites such as
[0269] Kalotermes flavicollis, Cryptotermes brevis, Heterotermes
indicola, Reticulitermes flavipes, Reticulitermes santonensis,
Reticulitermes lucifugus, Mastotermes darwiniensis, Zootermopsis
nevadensis, Coptotermes formosanus.
[0270] Silverfish such as Lepisma saccharina.
[0271] Industrial materials in the present context are to be
understood as meaning non-living materials, such as, preferably,
plastics, adhesives, glues, papers and cardboard, leather, wood and
processed wood products and coating materials.
[0272] Wood and processed wood products are especially preferred
materials to be protected from-insect infestation.
[0273] Wood and processed wood products that can be protected by
the agent according to the invention or mixtures comprising such
are to be understood to be, for example:
[0274] building timber, wooden beams, railway ties, bridge
components, boat jetties, wooden vehicles, boxes, pallets,
containers, telegraph poles, wood panelling, wooden windows and
doors, plywood, chipboard, joinery or wooden products which are
used quite generally in house-building or in building joinery.
[0275] The active ingredient combinations can be used as such, in
the form of concentrates or in generally customary formulations,
such as powders, granulates, solutions, suspensions, emulsions or
pastes.
[0276] The formulations mentioned can be prepared in a known manner
per se, for example by mixing the active ingredients with at least
one solvent or diluent, emulsifier, dispersing agent and/or binder
or fixing agent, a water repellent, if appropriate, siccatives and
UV stabilizers and, if appropriate, dyes and pigments, and also
other processing auxiliary agents.
[0277] The insecticidal agents or concentrates used for the
preservation of wood and wood-derived timber products comprise the
active ingredient according to the invention in a concentration of
0.0001 to 95% w/w, in particular 0.001 to 60% w/w.
[0278] The amount of the compositions or concentrates used depends
on the nature and occurrence of the insects and on the medium. The
optimum amount employed can be determined by a series of tests for
each application. In general, however, it is sufficient to use
0.0001 to 20% w/w, preferably 0.001 to 10% w/w, of the active
ingredient, based on the material to be preserved.
[0279] Solvents and/or diluents can be organic chemical solvents or
solvent mixtures and/or oily or oil-like organic chemical solvents
or solvent mixtures of low volatility and/or polar organic chemical
solvents or solvent mixtures and/or water, and, if appropriate, an
emulsifier and/or wetting agent.
[0280] Organic chemical solvents which are preferably used are oily
or oil-like solvents having an evaporation rate over 35 and a
flashpoint over 30.degree. C., preferably over 45.degree. C. Such
oily or oil-like water-insoluble solvents of low volatility can be
appropriate mineral oils or aromatic fractions thereof, or solvent
mixtures containing mineral oils, preferably solvent naphtha,
petroleum and/or alkyl benzene.
[0281] Mineral oils having a boiling range from 170 to 220.degree.
C., solvent naphtha having a boiling range from 170 to 220.degree.
C., spindle oil having a boiling range from 250 to 350.degree. C.,
petroleum or aromatics having a boiling range from 160 to
280.degree. C., turpentine oil and the like, are advantageously
used.
[0282] In a preferred embodiment, liquid aliphatic hydrocarbons
having a boiling range from 180 to 210.degree. C. or high-boiling
mixtures of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons having a boiling
range from 180 to 220.degree. C. and/or spindle oil and/or
monochloronaphthalene, preferably .alpha.-monochloronaphthalene,
are used.
[0283] The organic oily or oil-like solvents of low volatility that
have a relative evaporation rate over 35 and a flashpoint over
30.degree. C., preferably over 45.degree. C., can be replaced in
part by organic chemical solvents of high or medium volatility,
providing that the solvent mixture likewise has a relative
evaporation rate of over 35 and a flashpoint over 30.degree. C.,
preferably over 45.degree. C., and that the insecticide/fungicide
mixture is soluble or emulsifiable in this solvent mixture.
[0284] According to a preferred embodiment, some of the organic
chemical solvent or solvent mixture is replaced by an aliphatic
polar organic chemical solvent or solvent mixture. Aliphatic
organic chemical solvents containing hydroxyl and/or ester and/or
ether groups, such as glycol ethers, esters and the like, are
preferably used.
[0285] Organic chemical binders which are used in the context of
the present invention are the synthetic resins and/or binding
drying oils which are known per se, are water-dilutable and/or are
soluble or dispersible or emulsifiable in the organic chemical
solvents employed, in particular binders consisting of or
comprising an acrylate resin, a vinyl resin, for example, polyvinyl
acetate, polyester resin, polycondensation or polyaddition resin,
polyurethane resin, alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin, phenolic
resin, hydrocarbon resin, such as indene-cumarone resin, silicone
resin, drying vegetable oils and/or drying oils and/or physically
drying binders based on a natural and/or synthetic resin.
[0286] The synthetic resin used as the binder can be used in the
form of an emulsion, dispersion or solution. Bitumen or bituminous
substances can also be used as binders in an amount of up to 10%
w/w. Dyestuffs, pigments, water-repelling agents, odour correctants
and inhibitors or anticorrosive agents and the like which are known
per se can additionally be used.
[0287] It is preferred according to the invention for the
composition or concentrate to contain, as the organic chemical
binder, at least one alkyd resin or modified alkyd resin and/or one
drying vegetable oil. Alkyd resins having an oil content of more
than 45% w/w, preferably 50 to 68% w/w, are preferably used
according to the invention.
[0288] All or some of the binder mentioned can be replaced by a
fixing agent (mixture) or a softener (mixture). These additives are
intended to prevent evaporation of the active ingredients and
crystallization or precipitation. They preferably replace 0.01 to
30% of the binder (based on 100% of the binder used).
[0289] The softeners originate from the chemical classes of
phthalic acid esters, such as dibutyl, dioctyl or benzyl butyl
phthalate, phosphoric acid esters, such as tributyl phosphate,
adipic acid esters, such as di-(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, stearates,
such as butyl stearate or amyl stearate, oleates, such as butyl
oleate, glycerol ethers or higher molecular weight glycol ethers,
glycerol esters and p-toluene sulfonic acid esters.
[0290] Fixing agents are based chemically on polyvinyl alkyl
ethers, such as polyvinyl methyl ether or ketones, such as
benzophenone or ethylene benzophenone.
[0291] Water, in particular, can be considered as a solvent or
diluent, if appropriate, mixed with one or more of the
above-mentioned organic chemical solvents or diluents, emulsifiers
or dispersing agents.
[0292] Particularly effective wood preservation is achieved by
impregnation processes done on a large industrial scale, for
example, vacuum, double vacuum or pressure processes.
[0293] The ready-to-use compositions can also comprise other
insecticides, if appropriate, and also one or more fungicides, if
appropriate.
[0294] The active ingredient combinations according to the
invention can at the same time be used for protecting objects which
come into contact with salt water or brackish water, such as hulls,
screens, nets, structures, moorings and signalling systems, against
fouling.
[0295] Fouling by sessile Oligochaeta, such as fan worms, and by
molluscs and species from the Lepadomorpha suborder (goose
barnacles), such as various Lepas and Scalpellum species, or by
species from the Balanomorpha suborder (acorn barnacles), such as
Balanus or Pollicipes species, increases the frictional drag of
ships and, as a consequence, results in a marked increase in
operational costs owing to higher energy consumption and,
furthermore, frequent time in dry dock.
[0296] Apart from fouling by algae, for example Ectocarpus sp. and
Ceramium sp., fouling by sessile Entomostraca groups, which are
grouped under Cirripedia (cirriped crustaceans), is of particular
importance.
[0297] Surprisingly, it has now been found that the active
ingredient combinations according to the invention have an
outstanding antifouling effect.
[0298] Using the active ingredient combinations according to the
invention allows the use of heavy metals such as in
bis-(trialkyltin) sulphides, tri-n-butyltin laurate, tri-n-butyltin
chloride, copper(I) oxide, triethyltin chloride,
tri-n-butyl(2-phenyl-4-chlorophenoxy)tin, tributyltin oxide,
molybdenum disulphide, antimony oxide, polymeric butyl titanate,
phenyl-(bispyridine)-bismuth chloride, tri-n-butyltin fluoride,
manganese ethylene bisthiocarbamate, zinc dimethyl dithiocarbamate,
zinc ethylene bisthiocarbamate, zinc salts and copper salts of
2-pyridinethiol 1-oxide, bisdimethyl dithiocarbamoyl zinc
ethylene-bisthiocarbamate, zinc oxide, copper(I)
ethylene-bisdithiocarbamate, copper thiocyanate, copper naphthenate
and tributyltin halides to be dispensed with, or the concentration
of these compounds substantially reduced.
[0299] If appropriate, the ready-to-use antifouling coatings can
additionally comprise other active ingredients, preferably
algaecides, fungicides, herbicides, molluscicides, or other
antifouling active ingredients.
[0300] Preferably suitable combination partners with the
antifouling agents according to the invention are: [0301]
Algaecides such as [0302]
2-tert-butylamino-4-cyclopropylamino-6-methylthio-1,3,5-triazine,
dichlorophen, diuron, endothal, fentin acetate, isoproturon,
methabenzthiazuron, oxyfluorfen, quinoclamine and terbutryn; [0303]
fungicides such as [0304] benzo[b]thiophenecarboxylic acid
cyclohexylamide S,S-dioxide, dichlofluanid, fluorfolpet,
3-iodo-2-propinyl butylcarbamate, tolylfluanid and azoles such as
[0305] azaconazole, cyproconazole, epoxyconazole, hexaconazole,
metconazole, propiconazole and tebuconazole; [0306] molloscicides
such as [0307] iron chelating agents, fentin acetate, metaldehyde,
methiocarb, niclosamid, thiodicarb and trimethacarb; [0308] or
conventional antifouling active ingredients such as [0309]
4,5-dichloro-2-octyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, diiodomethylparatryl
sulphone, 2-(N,N-dimethylthiocarbamoylthio)-5-nitrothiazyl,
potassium, copper, sodium and zinc salts of 2-pyridinethiol
1-oxide, pyridine-triphenylborane, tetrabutyldistannoxane,
2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(-methylsulphonyl)-pyridine,
2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile, tetramethylthiuram disulphide
and 2,4,6-trichlorophenylmaleimide.
[0310] The antifouling compositions used comprise the active
ingredient in a concentration of 0.001 to 50% w/w, in particular
0.01 to 20% by weight.
[0311] Moreover, the antifouling compositions comprise the
customary components such as those described in Ungerer, Chem. Ind.
1985, 37, 730-732 and Williams, Antifouling Marine Coatings, Noyes,
Park Ridge, 1973.
[0312] Besides the algaecidal, fungicidal, molluscicidal and
insecticidal active ingredients, antifouling paints comprise, in
particular, binders.
[0313] Examples of recognized binders are polyvinyl chloride in a
solvent system, chlorinated rubber in a solvent system, acrylic
resins in a solvent system, in particular in an aqueous system,
vinyl chloride/vinyl acetate copolymer systems in the form of
aqueous dispersions or in the form of organic solvent systems,
butadiene/styrene/acrylonitrile rubbers, drying oils such as
linseed oil, resin esters or modified hardened resins in
combination with tar or bitumens, asphalt and epoxy compounds,
small amounts of chlorine rubber, chlorinated polypropylene and
vinyl resins.
[0314] If appropriate, paints also comprise inorganic pigments,
organic pigments or colorants which are preferably insoluble in
salt water. Paints may furthermore comprise materials such as
colophonium to allow controlled release of the active compounds.
Furthermore, the paints may comprise softeners, modifiers which
affect the Theological properties and other conventional
components. The active ingredient combinations according to the
invention may also be incorporated into self-polishing antifouling
systems.
[0315] The active ingredient combinations according to the
invention are also suitable for controlling animal pests, in
particular insects, arachnids and mites, that are found in enclosed
spaces such as dwellings, factory floors, offices, vehicle
passenger cabins and the like. They can be used alone in household
insecticide products for controlling these pests or in combination
with other active ingredients and auxiliaries. They are effective
for sensitive and resistant species as well as for all life stages.
These pests include:
[0316] From the order Scorpionidae, e.g., Buthus occitanus.
[0317] From the order Acaria, e.g., Argas persicus, Argas reflexus,
Bryobia ssp., Dermanyssus gallinae, Glyciphagus domesticus,
Ornithodorus moubat, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Trombicula
alfreddugesi, Neutrombicula autumnalis, Dermatophagoides
pteronissimus, Dermatophagoides forinae.
[0318] From the order Araneae, e.g., Aviculariidae, Araneidae.
[0319] From the order Opiliones, e.g., Pseudoscorpiones chelifer,
Pseudoscorpiones cheiridium, Opiliones phalangium.
[0320] From the order Isopoda, e.g., Oniscus asellus, Porcellio
scaber.
[0321] From the order Diplopoda, e.g., Blaniulus guttulatus,
Polydesmus spp.
[0322] From the order Chilopoda, e.g., Geophilus spp.
[0323] From the order Zygentoma, e.g., Ctenolepisma spp., Lepisma
saccharina, Lepismodes inquilinus.
[0324] From the order Blattaria, e.g., Blatta orientalies,
Blattella germanica, Blattella asahinai, Leucophaea maderae,
Panchlora spp., Parcoblatta spp., Periplaneta australasiae,
Periplaneta americana, Periplaneta brunnea, Periplaneta fuliginosa,
Supella longipalpa.
[0325] From the order Saltatoria, e.g., Acheta domesticus.
[0326] From the order Dermaptera, e.g., Forficula auricularia.
[0327] From the order Isoptera, e.g., Kalotermes spp.,
Reticulitermes spp.
[0328] From the order Psocoptera, e.g., Lepinatus spp., Liposcelis
spp.
[0329] From the order Coleptera, e.g., Anthrenus spp., Attagenus
spp., Dermestes spp., Latheticus oryzae, Necrobia spp., Ptinus
spp., Rhizopertha dominica, Sitophilus granarius, Sitophilus
oryzae, Sitophilus zeamais, Stegobium paniceum.
[0330] From the order Diptera, e.g., Aedes aegypti, Aedes
albopictus, Aedes taeniorhynchus, Anopheles spp., Calliphora
erythrocephala, Chrysozona pluvialis, Culex quinquefasciatus, Culex
pipiens, Culex tarsalis, Drosophila spp., Fannia canicularis, Musca
domestica, Phlebotomus spp., Sarcophaga carnaria, Simulium spp.,
Stomoxys calcitrans, Tipula paludosa.
[0331] From the order Lepidoptera, e.g., Achroia grisella, Galleria
mellonella, Plodia interpunctella, Tinea cloacella, Tinea
pellionella, Tineola bisselliella.
[0332] From the order Siphonaptera, e.g., Ctenocephalides canis,
Ctenocephalides felis, Pulex irritans, Tunga penetrans, Xenopsylla
cheopis.
[0333] From the order Hymenoptera, e.g., Camponotus herculeanus,
Lasius fuliginosus, Lasius niger, Lasius umbratus, Monomorium
pharaonis, Paravespula spp., Tetramorium caespitum.
[0334] From the order Anoplura, e.g., Pediculus humanus capitis,
Pediculus humanus corporis, Phthirus pubis.
[0335] From the order Heteroptera, e.g., Cimex hemipterus, Cimex
lectularius, Rhodinus prolixus, Triatoma infestans.
[0336] They are used in the household insecticides sector alone or
in combination with other suitable active ingredients such as
phosphoric acid esters, carbamates, pyrethroids, growth regulators
and active ingredients from other known classes of
insecticides.
[0337] They are applied in aerosols, un-pressurised spray products,
for example pump and atomizer sprays, automatic fogging systems,
foggers, foams, gels, evaporator products with evaporator tablets
made of cellulose or polymer, liquid evaporators, gel and membrane
evaporators, propeller-driven evaporators, energy-free, or passive,
evaporation systems, moth papers, moth bags and moth gels, as
granules or dusts, in baits for spreading or in bait stations.
[0338] When using the active ingredient combinations according to
the invention the amounts being applied can be varied within a wide
range depending on how they are being applied. When treating plant
parts the application amount of active ingredient combinations
being applied is in general between 0.1 and 10,000 g/ha, preferable
between 10 and 1,000 g/ha.
[0339] The good insecticidal effect of the active ingredient
combinations according to the invention is shown in the following
examples. While the individual active ingredients have limitations
regarding their effect, the combinations that exceeds the sum of
the individual effects.
[0340] The expected effect for a given combination of two active
ingredients can be calculated (cf. Colby, S. R., "Calculating
Synergistic and Antagonistic Responses of Herbicide Combinations",
Weeds, 15, pp. 20-22, 1967).
If
[0341] X=the kill rate, expressed in % of the untreated control,
while using active ingredient A in an application amount of m ppm,
[0342] Y=the kill rate, expressed in % of the untreated control,
while using active ingredient B in an application amount of n ppm,
[0343] E=the kill rate, expressed in % of the untreated control,
while using active ingredient A and B in application amounts of m
and n ppm, then E = X + Y - X .times. Y 100 ##EQU1##
[0344] If the actual kill rate is higher than calculated rate, the
combination's kill rate is superadditive, i.e., it has a
synergistic effect. In this case, the actually observed kill rate
must be higher than the value calculated using the above formula
for the expected kill rate (E).
EXAMPLE A
[0345] Myzus Persicae Test TABLE-US-00001 Solvent: 7 parts per
weight dimethyl formamide Emulsifiers: 2 parts by weight alkylaryl
polyglycol ether
[0346] To prepare one of the appropriate active ingredient
preparations, mix 1 part by weight of the active ingredient with
the indicated amount of solvent and emulsifier and dilute the
concentrate with emulsifier-containing water to the desired
concentration.
[0347] Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) that have been highly
infested with the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) are treated by
being dipped into the active ingredient preparation at the desired
concentration.
[0348] After the desired time, determine the % that have been
killed off. For these purposes, 100% means that all the aphids on
the leaves were killed; 0% means that no aphids were killed.
Calculate the determined kill values using Colby's formula.
[0349] In this test, the following combinations of active
ingredients demonstrated, in accordance with the above statement, a
synergistically improved efficacy in comparison to applying the
active ingredients separately: TABLE-US-00002 TABLE A
Plant-damaging Insects Myzus persicae Test Concentration Kill rate
Active Ingredients in ppm in % after 6.sup.d thiodicarb 20 0
thiamethoxam 0.8 85 thiodicarb + thiamethoxam (25:1) det.* calc.**
in accordance with the invention 20 + 0.8 95 85 thiodicarb 20 0
thiacloprid 0.8 30 thiodicarb + thiacloprid (25:1) det.* calc.** in
accordance with the invention 20 + 0.8 50 30 *det. = determined
effect **calc. = effect calculated using Colby's formula
EXAMPLE B
[0350] Phaedon cochleariae Larvae Test TABLE-US-00003 Solvent: 7
parts per weight dimethyl formamide Emulsifiers: 2 parts by weight
alkylaryl polyglycol ether
[0351] To manufacture one of the appropriate active ingredient
preparations, mix 1 part by weight of the active ingredient with
the indicated amount of solvent and emulsifier and dilute the
concentrate with emulsifier-containing water to the desired
concentration.
[0352] Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being
dipped into the active ingredient preparation at the desired
concentration and infested with larvae of the mustard beetle
(Phaedon cochleariae) while the leaves are still damp.
[0353] After the desired time, determine the % that have been
killed off. For this purpose 100% means that all the beetle larvae
on the leaves were killed; 0% means that no beetle larvae were
killed. Calculate the determined kill values using Colby's
formula.
[0354] In this test, the following combinations of active
ingredients demonstrated, in accordance with the above statement, a
synergistically improved efficacy in comparison to applying the
active ingredients separately: TABLE-US-00004 TABLE B
Plant-damaging Insects Phaedon cochleariae Larvae Test
Concentration Kill rate Active Ingredients in ppm in % after
6.sup.d thiodicarb 100 15 clothianidin 4 75 thiodicarb +
clothianidin (25:1) det.* calc.** in accordance with the invention
100 + 4 100 79.75 thiodicarb 100 45 imidacloprid 4 45 thiodicarb +
imidacloprid (25:1) det.* calc.** in accordance with the invention
100 + 4 80 69.75 thiodicarb 100 15 thiacloprid 4 0 thiodicarb +
thiacloprid (25:1) det.* calc.** in accordance with the invention
100 + 4 65 15 thiodicarb 100 45 thiamethoxam 4 25 thiodicarb +
thiamethoxam (25:1) det.* calc.** in accordance with the invention
100 + 4 85 58.75 *det. = determined effect **calc. = effect
calculated using Colby's formula
EXAMPLE C
[0355] Plutella-xylostella Test (Resistant Strain) TABLE-US-00005
Solvent: 7 parts per weight dimethyl formamide Emulsifier: 2 parts
by weight alkylaryl polyglycol ether
[0356] To prepare one of the appropriate active ingredient
preparations, mix 1 part by weight of the active ingredient with
the indicated amount of solvent and emulsifier and dilute the
concentrate with emulsifier-containing water to the desired
concentration.
[0357] Cabbage leaves (Brassica oleracea) are treated by being
dipped into the active ingredient preparation at the desired
concentration and infested with diamondback moth grubs (Plutella
xylostella, resistant strain) while the leaves are still damp.
[0358] After the desired time, determine the % that have been
killed off. For these purposes 100% means that all the grubs on the
leaves were killed; 0% means that no grubs were killed. Calculate
the determined kill rate values using Colby's formula.
[0359] In this test, the following combinations of active
ingredients demonstrated, in accordance with the above statement, a
synergistically improved efficacy in comparison to applying the
active ingredients separately: TABLE-US-00006 TABLE D
Plant-damaging Insects Plutella xylostella (resistant strain) Test
Concentration Kill rate Active Ingredients in ppm in % after
6.sup.d thiodicarb 100 15 thiacloprid 100 45 thiodicarb +
thiacloprid (1:1) det.* calc.** in accordance with the invention
100 + 100 90 53.25 thiodicarb 100 5 thiamethoxam 100 75 thiodicarb
+ thiamethoxam (1:1) det.* calc.** in accordance with the invention
100 + 100 95 76.25 *det. = determined effect **calc. = effect
calculated using Colby's formula
* * * * *