Stabilized biodiesel fuel compositions

Abstract

Disclosed are stabilized biodiesel fuel compositions, which compositions comprise a biodiesel fuel, for example the methyl esters of the fatty acids of rapeseed or soy oil, and one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranones and the hindered amine light stabilizers, and optionally, one or more hindered phenolic antioxidants.

Description

[0001] This application claims benefit under 35 USC 119(e) of U.S. provisional application No. 60/756,090, filed Jan. 4, 2006, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0002] The present invention is aimed at biodiesel fuel (or bio-fuel) compositions, stabilized against the deleterious effects of heat, light and oxygen by an effective amount of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers and the sterically hindered amine light stabilizers, or an effective amount of a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers and the sterically hindered amine light stabilizers in combination with a stabilizer selected from the group consisting of the hindered phenolic antioxidants.

BACKGROUND

[0003] WO2004055141 teaches the stabilization of fats, oils and food. The stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranones, long chain N,N-dialkylhydroxylamines, substituted hydroxylamines, nitrones and amine oxides.

[0004] U.S. Pat. No. 6,548,580, to Rohde, et al., teaches ethylene homo- and copolymers stabilized by sterically hindered amines or by N-hydroxy or N-oxyl derivatives to produce articles for the storage and transport of biodiesel fuel.

[0005] JP2004059720 discloses polyoxymethylene resin containing a hindered amine light stabilizer that is used in a part in direct contact with a bio-diesel fuel.

[0006] EP1170296 teaches a process for the preparation for 3-aryl-benzofuranones. Fuel additives are disclosed therein.

[0007] EP1486555, EP1484387 and EP1484388 disclose a low corrosive fuel composition for use in a blue flame burner or an optimized yellow flame burner of a boiler.

[0008] Biodeisel fuel is of increasing importance as a renewable fuel source. It may for example be employed as a fuel itself, or may be used in combination with diesel fuel.

SUMMARY

[0009] Disclosed are biodiesel fuel compositions stabilized against the deleterious effects of heat, light and oxygen, which compositions comprise

[0010] a biodiesel fuel and

[0011] an effective stabilizing amount of

[0012] one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers and the hindered amine light stabilizers and

[0013] optionally, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the hindered phenolic antioxidants.

[0014] Also disclosed is a process for the stabilization of a biodiesel fuel against the deleterious effects of heat, light and oxygen, which process comprises

[0015] incorporating into a biodiesel fuel

[0016] an effective stabilizing amount of

[0017] one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers and the hindered amine light stabilizers and

[0018] optionally, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the hindered phenolic antioxidants.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE

[0019] Biodiesel fuels are a renewable resource and are of increasing importance.

[0020] Biodiesel fuels typically comprise lower alkyl fatty acid esters, prepared for example by transesterifying triglycerides with lower alcohols, e.g. methanol or ethanol. A typical biodiesel fuel is the fatty acid methyl ester of rapeseed oil or of soy oil. Sources for biodiesel fuel include vegetable and animal sources. Recycled cooking oil may be a source of biodiesel fuel.

[0021] Biodiesel fuel and its preparation is taught for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,578,090, 5,713,965, 5,891,203, 6,015,440, 6,174,501 and 6,398,707, the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0022] Biodiesel fuel of the present invention for example comprises lower alkyl esters of a mixture of saturated and unsaturated straight chain fatty acids of from 12 to 22 carbon atoms, derived from vegetable or oleaginous seeds. The term "lower alkyl ester" means C.sub.1-C.sub.5 esters, in particular methyl and ethyl esters. The mixture of methyl esters of the saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated C.sub.16-C.sub.22 fatty acids are what is typically known as "biodiesel" or "rapeseed methyl ester".

[0023] Biodiesel fuel according to the present invention is 100% lower alkyl fatty acid ester, or is a combination of a lower alkyl fatty acid ester with diesel fuel. The present biodiesel fuel is for example between about 5 and about 95 weight percent fatty acid ester and between about 95 and about 5 weight percent diesel fuel. For example, the present biodiesel fuel is between about 10 and about 90 weight percent fatty acid ester and between about 90 and about 10 weight percent diesel fuel. For instance, the present biodiesel fuel is between about 25 and about 75 weight percent fatty acid ester and between about 75 and about 25 weight percent diesel fuel.

[0024] The 3-arylbenzofuranones antioxidants of the present invention are for example those disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,325,863; U.S. Pat. No. 4,388,244; U.S. Pat. No. 5,175,312; U.S. Pat. No. 5,252,643; U.S. Pat. No. 5,216,052; U.S. Pat. No. 5,369,159; U.S. Pat. No. 5,488,117; U.S. Pat. No. 5,356,966; U.S. Pat. No. 5,367,008; U.S. Pat. No. 5,428,162; U.S. Pat. No. 5,428,177; and U.S. Pat. No. 5,516,920; which are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0025] Particularly suitable 3-arylbenzofuranones in the present invention are compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which, if n is 1, [0026] R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio-, hydroxyl-, halo-, amino-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino-, phenylamino- or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino-substituted naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl, thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, dibenzofuryl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxathiinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, .beta.-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, perimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorenyl or phenoxazinyl, or R.sub.1 is a radical of the formula II ##STR2## and [0027] if n is 2, [0028] R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl- or hydroxy-substituted phenylene or naphthylene; or is --R.sub.12--X--R.sub.13--, [0029] R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are hydrogen, chlorine, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoylamino, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy which is interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR3## ; C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, benzoyloxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy; or else the radicals R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 or the radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 or the radicals R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a benzo ring, R.sub.4 is additionally --(CH.sub.2).sub.p--COR.sub.15 or --(CH.sub.2).sub.qOH or, if R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, R.sub.4 is additionally a radical of the formula III ##STR4## in which R.sub.1 is defined as indicated above for n=1, [0030] R.sub.6 is hydrogen or a radical of the formula IV ##STR5## where R.sub.4 is not a radical of the formula III and R.sub.1 is defined as indicated above for n=1, [0031] R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR6## ; C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkoxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR7## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkynyloxy, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkoxy, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenoxy; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkoxy; C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR8## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR9## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoylamino, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR10## C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR11## C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, benzoyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyl; benzoyloxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy; ##STR12## or else, in formula II, the radicals R.sub.7 and [0032] R.sub.8 or the radicals R.sub.8 and R.sub.11, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a benzo ring, [0033] R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 independently of one another are unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenylene or naphthylene, [0034] R.sub.14 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, [0035] R.sub.15 is hydroxyl, ##STR13## C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy or ##STR14## [0036] R.sub.16 and R.sub.17 independently of one another are hydrogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl or phenyl, or R.sub.16 and R.sub.17, together with the C atom to which they are attached, form a C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; [0037] R.sub.18 and R.sub.19 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl or phenyl, [0038] R.sub.20 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0039] R.sub.21 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR15## C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; C.sub.7-C.sub.25phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl and interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR16## or else the radicals R.sub.20 and R.sub.21, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkylene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; [0040] R.sub.22 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0041] R.sub.23 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR17## C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkanoyl substituted by a di(C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl)phosphonate group; C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyl, thenoyl, furoyl, benzoyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyl; ##STR18## [0042] R.sub.24 and R.sub.25 independently of one another are hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, [0043] R.sub.26 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, [0044] R.sub.27 is a direct bond, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkylene interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR19## C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkenylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkylidene, C.sub.7-C.sub.20phenylalkylidene, C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.8bicycloalkylene, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenylene, or ##STR20## [0045] R.sub.28 is hydroxyl, ##STR21## [0046] R.sub.29 is oxygen, --NH-- or ##STR22## [0047] R.sub.30 is C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl or phenyl, [0048] R.sub.31 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, [0049] M is an r-valent metal cation, [0050] X is a direct bond, oxygen, sulfur or --NR.sub.31--, [0051] n is 1 or 2, [0052] p is 0, 1 or 2, [0053] q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, [0054] r is 1, 2 or 3, and [0055] s is 0, 1 or 2.

[0056] Unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio-, hydroxyl-, halo-, amino-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino-, phenylamino- or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino-substituted naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl, thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, dibenzofuryl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxathiinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, .beta.-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, perimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorenyl or phenoxazinyl is, for example, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-phenylamino-4-naphthyl, 1-methylnaphthyl, 2-methylnaphthyl, 1-methoxy-2-naphthyl, 2-methoxy-1-naphthyl, 1-dimethylamino-2-naphthyl, 1,2-dimethyl-4-naphthyl, 1,2-dimethyl-6-naphthyl, 1,2-dimethyl-7-naphthyl, 1,3-dimethyl-6-naphthyl, 1,4-dimethyl-6-naphthyl, 1,5-dimethyl-2-naphthyl, 1,6-dimethyl-2-naphthyl, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthyl, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthyl, 7-phenanthryl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl, 3-benzo[b]thienyl, 5-benzo[b]thienyl, 2-benzo[b]thienyl, 4-dibenzofuryl, 4,7-dibenzofuryl, 4-methyl-7-dibenzofuryl, 2-xanthenyl, 8-methyl-2-xanthenyl, 3-xanthenyl, 2-phenoxathiinyl, 2,7-phenoxathiinyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 5-methyl-3-pyrrolyl, 2-imidazolyl, 4-imidazolyl, 5-imidazolyl, 2-methyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-ethyl-4-imidazolyl, 2-ethyl-5-imidazolyl, 3-pyrazolyl, 1-methyl-3-pyrazolyl, 1-propyl-4-pyrazolyl, 2-pyrazinyl, 5,6-dimethyl-2-pyrazinyl, 2-indolizinyl, 2-methyl-3-isoindolyl, 2-methyl-1-isoindolyl, 1-methyl-2-indolyl, 1-methyl-3-indolyl, 1,5-dimethyl-2-indolyl, 1-methyl-3-indazolyl, 2,7-dimethy-8-purinyl, 2-methoxy-7-methyl-8-purinyl, 2-quinolizinyl, 3-isoquinolyl, 6-isoquinolyl, 7-isoquinolyl, isoquinolyl, 3-methoxy-6-isoquinolyl, 2-quinolyl, 6-quinolyl, 7-quinolyl, 2-methoxy-3-quinolyl, 2-methoxy-6-quinolyl, 6-phthalazinyl, 7-phthalazinyl, 1-methoxy-6-phthalazinyl, 1,4-dimethoxy-6-phthalazinyl, 1,8-naphthyridin-2-yl, 2-quinoxalinyl, 6-quinoxalinyl, 2,3-dimethyl-6-quinoxalinyl, 2,3-dimethoxy-6-quinoxalinyl, 2-quinazolinyl, 7-quinazolinyl, 2-dimethylamino-6-quinazolinyl, 3-cinnolinyl, 6-cinnolinyl, 7-cinnolinyl, 3-methoxy-7-cinnolinyl, 2-pteridinyl, 6-pteridinyl, 7-pteridinyl, 6,7-dimethoxy-2-pteridinyl, 2-carbazolyl, 3-carbazolyl, 9-methyl-2-carbazolyl, 9-methyl-3-carbazolyl, .beta.-carbolin-3-yl, 1-methyl-.beta.-carbolin-3-yl, 1-methyl-.beta.-carbolin-6-yl, 3-phenanthridinyl, 2-acridinyl, 3-acridinyl, 2-perimidinyl, 1-methyl-5-perimidinyl, 5-phenanthrolinyl, 6-phenanthrolinyl, 1-phenazinyl, 2-phenazinyl, 3-isothiazolyl, 4-isothiazolyl, 5-isothiazolyl, 2-phenothiazinyl, 3-phenothiazinyl, 10-methyl-3-phenothiazinyl, 3-isoxazolyl, 4-isoxazoly, 5-isoxazolyl, 4-methyl-3-furazanyl, 2-phenoxazinyl or 10-methyl-2-phenoxazinyl.

[0057] Particular preference is given to unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio-, hydroxyl-, phenylamino- or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino-substituted naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl, thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, dibenzofuryl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxathiinyl, pyrrolyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, phenothiazinyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorenyl or phenoxazinyl such as, for example, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, 1-phenylamino-4-naphthyl, 1-methyinaphthyl, 2-methyinaphthyl, 1-methoxy-2-naphthyl, 2-methoxy-1-naphthyl, 1-dimethylamino-2-naphthyl, 1,2-dimethyl-4-naphthyl, 1,2-dimethyl-6-naphthyl, 1,2-dimethyl-7-naphthyl, 1,3-dimethyl-6-naphthyl, 1,4-dimethyl-6-naphthyl, 1,5-dimethyl-2-naphthyl, 1,6-dimethyl-2-naphthyl, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthyl, 2-hydroxy-1-naphthyl, 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthyl, 7-phenanthryl, 1-anthryl, 2-anthryl, 9-anthryl, 3-benzo[b]thienyl, 5-benzo[b]thienyl, 2-benzo[b]-thienyl, 4-dibenzofuryl, 4,7-dibenzofuryl, 4-methyl-7-dibenzofuryl, 2-xanthenyl, 8-methyl-2-xanthenyl, 3-xanthenyl, 2-pyrrolyl, 3-pyrrolyl, 2-phenothiazinyl, 3-phenothiazinyl, 10-methyl-3-phenothiazinyl.

[0058] Halogen (halo) is, for example, chlorine, bromine or iodine. Preference is given to chlorine.

[0059] Alkanoyl having up to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, formyl, acetyl, propionyl, butanoyl, pentanoyl, hexanoyl, heptanoyl, octanoyl, nonanoyl, decanoyl, undecanoyl, dodecanoyl, tridecanoyl, tetradecanoyl, pentadecanoyl, hexadecanoyl, heptadecanoyl, octadecanoyl, eicosanoyl or docosanoyl. Preference is given to alkanoyl having 2 to 18, especially 2 to 12, for example 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Particular preference is given to acetyl.

[0060] C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkanoyl substituted by a di(C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl)phosphonate group is, for example, (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2O).sub.2POCH.sub.2CO--, (CH.sub.3O).sub.2POCH.sub.2CO--, (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.2POCH.sub.2CO--, (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2O).sub.2POCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CO--, (CH.sub.3O).sub.2POCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CO--, (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O).sub.2POCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CO--, (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2O).sub.2PO(CH.sub.2).sub.4CO--, (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2O).sub.2PO(CH.sub.2).sub.8CO-- or (CH.sub.3CH.sub.2O).sub.2PO(CH.sub.2).sub.17CO--.

[0061] Alkanoyloxy having up to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, formyloxy, acetoxy, propionyloxy, butanoyloxy, pentanoyloxy, hexanoyloxy, hepta-noyloxy, octanoyloxy, nonanoyloxy, decanoyloxy, undecanoyloxy, dodecanoyloxy, trideca-noyloxy, tetradecanoyloxy, pentadecanoyloxy, hexadecanoyloxy, heptadecanoyloxy, octa-decanoyloxy, eicosanoyloxy or docosanoyloxy. Preference is given to alkanoyloxy having 2 to 18, especially 2 to 12, for example 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Particular preference is given to acetoxy.

[0062] Alkenoyl having 3 to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, propenoyl, 2-butenoyl, 3-butenoyl, isobutenoyl, n-2,4-pentadienoyl, 3-methyl-2-butenoyl, n-2-octenoyl, n-2-dodecenoyl, iso-dodecenoyl, oleoyl, n-2-octadecenoyl or n-4-octadecenoyl. Preference is given to alkenoyl having 3 to 18, especially 3 to 12, for example 3 to 6, in particular 3 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0063] C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR23## is, for example, CH.sub.3OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCO-- or CH.sub.3OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.dbd.CHCO--.

[0064] Alkenoyloxy having 3 to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, propenoyloxy, 2-butenoyloxy, 3-butenoyloxy, isobutenoyloxy, n-2,4-pentadienoyloxy, 3-methyl-2-butenoyloxy, n-2-octenoyloxy, n-2-dodecenoyloxy, iso-dodecenoyloxy, oleoyloxy, n-2-octadecenoyloxy or n-4-octadecenoyloxy. Preference is given to alkenoyloxy having 3 to 18, especially 3 to 12, for example 3 to 6, in particular 3 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0065] C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR24## is, for example,

[0066] CH.sub.3OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.dbd.CHCOO-- or CH.sub.3OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2OCH.dbd.CHCOO--.

[0067] C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR25## is, for example, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2CO--, CH.sub.3--S--CH.sub.2CO--, CH.sub.3--NH--CH.sub.2CO--, CH.sub.3--N(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2CO--, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CO--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2CO--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.3O--CH.sub.2CO-- or CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2CO--.

[0068] C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR26## is, for example, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2COO--, CH.sub.3--S--CH.sub.2COO--, CH.sub.3--NH--CH.sub.2COO--, CH.sub.3--N(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2COO--, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2COO--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2COO--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.3O--CH.sub.2COO-- or CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2COO--.

[0069] C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyl is, for example, cyclopentylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyl, cycloheptylcarbonyl or cyclooctylcarbonyl. Cyclohexylcarbonyl is preferred.

[0070] C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyloxy is, for example, cyclopentylcarbonyloxy, cyclohexylcarbonyloxy, cycloheptylcarbonyloxy or cyclooctylcarbonyloxy. Cyclohexylcarbonyloxy is preferred.

[0071] C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyl, which preferably carries 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2 alkyl groups, is, for example, o-, m- or p-methylbenzoyl, 2,3-dimethylbenzoyl, 2,4-dimethylbenzoyl, 2,5-d imethylbenzoyl, 2,6-d imethylbenzoyl, 3,4-d imethylbenzoyl, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyl, 2-methyl-6-ethylbenzoyl, 4-tert-butylbenzoyl, 2-ethylbenzoyl, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl, 2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butylbenzoyl or 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyl. Preferred substituents are C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, especially C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl.

[0072] C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy, which preferably carries 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2 alkyl groups, is, for example, o-, m- or p-methylbenzoyloxy, 2,3-dimethylbenzoyloxy, 2,4-dimethylbenzoyloxy, 2,5-dimethylbenzoyloxy, 2,6-dimethylbenzoyloxy, 3,4-dimethylbenzoyloxy, 3,5-dimethylbenzoyloxy, 2-methyl-6-ethylbenzoyloxy, 4-tert-butylbenzoyloxy, 2-ethyl-benzoyloxy, 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyloxy, 2,6-dimethyl-4-tert-butylbenzoyloxy or 3,5-di-tert-butylbenzoyloxy. Preferred substituents are C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, especially C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl.

[0073] Alkyl having up to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, 2-ethylbutyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, 1-methylpentyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, n-hexyl, 1-methylhexyl, n-heptyl, isoheptyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl, 1-methylheptyl, 3-methylheptyl, n-octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, 1,1,3-trimethylhexyl, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylpentyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, 1-methylundecyl, dodecyl, 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylhexyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, eicosyl or docosyl. One of the preferred meanings of R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 is, for example, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl. A particularly preferred meaning of R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl.

[0074] Alkenyl having 3 to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, propenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, isobutenyl, n-2,4-pentadienyl, 3-methyl-2-butenyl, n-2-octenyl, n-2-dodecenyl, iso-dodecenyl, oleyl, n-2-octadecenyl or n-4-octadecenyl. Preference is given to alkenyl having 3 to 18, especially 3 to 12, for example 3 to 6, in particular 3 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0075] Alkenyloxy having 3 to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, propenyloxy, 2-butenyloxy, 3-butenyloxy, isobutenyloxy, n-2,4-pentadienyloxy, 3-methyl-2-butenyloxy, n-2-octenyloxy, n-2-dodecenyloxy, iso-dodecenyloxy, oleyloxy, n-2-octadecenyloxy or n-4-octadecenyloxy. Preference is given to alkenyloxy having 3 to 18, especially 3 to 12, for example 3 to 6, in particular 3 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0076] Alkynyl having 3 to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, propynyl (--CH.sub.2--C.ident.CH ), 2-butynyl, 3-butynyl, n-2-octynyl, or n-2-dodecynyl. Preference is given to alkynyl having 3 to 18, especially 3 to 12, for example 3 to 6, in particular 3 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0077] Alkynyloxy having 3 to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, propynyloxy (--OCH.sub.2--C.ident.CH ), 2-butynyloxy, 3-butynyloxy, n-2-octynyloxy, or n-2-dodecynyloxy. Preference is given to alkynyloxy having 3 to 18, especially 3 to 12, for example 3 to 6, in particular 3 to 4 carbon atoms.

[0078] C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR27## is, for example, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--S--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--NH--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--N(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--O--CH .sub.2--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.3O--CH.sub.2-- or CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2--.

[0079] C.sub.7-C.sub.9 phenylalkyl is, for example, benzyl, .alpha.-methylbenzyl, .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl or 2-phenylethyl. Benzyl and .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl are preferred.

[0080] C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl is, for example, benzyl, .alpha.-methylbenzyl, .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyl, 2-phenylethyl, 2-methylbenzyl, 3-methylbenzyl, 4-methylbenzyl, 2,4-dimethylbenzyl, 2,6-dimethylbenzyl or 4-tert-butylbenzyl. Benzyl is preferred.

[0081] C.sub.7-C.sub.25phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl and is interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR28## is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, phenoxymethyl, 2-methylphenoxymethyl, 3-methyl-phenoxymethyl, 4-methyl phenoxymethyl, 2,4-dimethylphenoxymethyl, 2,3-dimethylphenoxy-methyl, phenylthiomethyl, N-methyl-N-phenylmethyl, N-ethyl-N-phenylmethyl, 4-tert-butyl-phenoxymethyl, 4-tert-butylphenoxyethoxymethyl, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxymethyl, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenoxyethoxymethyl, phenoxyethoxyethoxyethoxymethyl, benzyloxymethyl, benzyloxy-ethoxymethyl, N-benzyl-N-ethylmethyl or N-benzyl-N-isopropylmethyl.

[0082] C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkoxy is, for example, benzyloxy, .alpha.-methylbenzyloxy, .alpha.,.alpha.-dimethylbenzyloxy or 2-phenylethoxy. Benzyloxy is preferred.

[0083] C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl, which preferably contains 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2 alkyl groups, is, for example, o-, m- or p-methylphenyl, 2,3-dimethylphenyl, 2,4-dimethylphenyl, 2,5-dimethylphenyl, 2,6-dimethylphenyl, 3,4-dimethylphenyl, 3,5-dimethylphenyl, 2-methyl-6-ethylphenyl, 4-tert-butylphenyl, 2-ethylphenyl or 2,6-diethylphenyl.

[0084] C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenoxy, which preferably contains 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2 alkyl groups, is, for example, o-, m- or p-methylphenoxy, 2,3-dimethylphenoxy, 2,4-dimethylphenoxy, 2,5-dimethylphenoxy, 2,6-dimethylphenoxy, 3,4-dimethylphenoxy, 3,5-dimethylphenoxy, 2-methyl-6-ethylphenoxy, 4-tert-butylphenoxy, 2-ethylphenoxy or 2,6-diethylphenoxy.

[0085] Unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopentyl, methylcyclopentyl, dimethylcyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, methylcyclohexyl, dimethylcyclohexyl, trimethylcyclohexyl, tert-butylcyclohexyl, cycloheptyl or cyclooctyl. Preference is given to cyclohexyl and tert-butylcyclohexyl.

[0086] Unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkoxy is, for example, cyclopentoxy, methylcyclopentoxy, dimethylcyclopentoxy, cyclohexoxy, methylcyclohexoxy, dimethylcyclo-hexoxy, trimethylcyclohexoxy, tert-butylcyclohexoxy, cycloheptoxy or cyclooctoxy. Preference is given to cyclohexoxy and tert-butylcyclohexoxy.

[0087] Alkoxy having up to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, isobutoxy, pentoxy, isopentoxy, hexoxy, heptoxy, octoxy, decyloxy, tetradecyloxy, hexadecyloxy or octadecyloxy. Preference is given to alkoxy having 1 to 12, especially 1 to 8, for example 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0088] C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkoxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR29## is, for example, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--, CH.sub.3--S--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--, CH.sub.3--NH--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2.sub.O--, CH.sub.3--N(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--, CH.sub.3--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--, CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O-- or CH.sub.3--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2O--.

[0089] Alkylthio having up to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, isopropylthio, n-butylthio, isobutylthio, pentylthio, isopentylthio, hexylthio, heptylthio, octylthio, decylthio, tetradecylthio, hexadecylthio or octa-decylthio. Preference is given to alkylthio having 1 to 12, especially 1 to 8, for example 1 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0090] Alkylamino having up to 4 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, methylamino, ethylamino, propylamino, isopropylamino, n-butylamino, isobutyl-amino or tert-butylamino.

[0091] Di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino also means that the two radicals independently of one another are branched or unbranched, such as, for example, dimethylamino, methylethylamino, diethylamino, methyl-n-propylamino, methylisopropylamino, methyl-n-butylamino, methylisobutylamino, ethylisopropylamino, ethyl-n-butylamino, ethylisobutylamino, ethyl-tert-butylamino, diethylamino, diisopropylamino, isopropyl-n-butylamino, isopropylisobutylamino, di-n-butylamino or diisobutylamino.

[0092] Alkanoylamino having up to 25 carbon atoms is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, formylamino, acetylamino, propionylamino, butanoylamino, pentanoylamino, hexanoylamino, heptanoylamino, octanoylamino, nonanoylamino, decanoylamino, undeca-noylamino, dodecanoylamino, tridecanoylamino, tetradecanoylamino, pentadecanoylamino, hexadecanoylamino, heptadecanoylamino, octadecanoylamino, eicosanoylamino or doco-sanoylamino. Preference is given to alkanoylamino having 2 to 18, especially 2 to 12, for example 2 to 6 carbon atoms.

[0093] C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylene is a branched or unbranched radical such as, for example, methylene, ethylene, propylene, trimethylene, tetramethylene, pentamethylene, hexamethylene, heptamethylene, octamethylene, decamethylene, dodecamethylene or octadecamethylene. Preference is given to C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkylene, especially C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkylene.

[0094] A C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkylene ring, which preferably contains 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2 branched or unbranched alkyl group radicals is, for example, cyclopentylene, methylcyclopentylene, dimethylcyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, methylcyclohexylene, dime-thylcyclohexylene, trimethylcyclohexylene, tert-butylcyclohexylene, cycloheptylene, cyclooc-tylene or cyclodecylene. Preference is given to cyclohexylene and tert-butylcyclohexylene.

[0095] C.sub.2-Cl.sub.8alkylene interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR30## is, for example, --CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--S--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--NH--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--N(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--O--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.2O--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.3O--CH.sub.2--, --CH.sub.2--(O--CH.sub.2--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--).sub.4O--CH.sub.2-- or --CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--S--CH.sub.2CH.sub.2--.

[0096] C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkenylene is, for example, vinylene, methylvinylene, octenylethylene or dodecenylethylene. Preference is given to C.sub.2-C.sub.8alkenylene.

[0097] Alkylidene having 2 to 20 carbon atoms is, for example, ethylidene, propylidene, butylidene, pentylidene, 4-methylpentylidene, heptylidene, nonylidene, tridecylidene, nonadecylidene, 1-methylethylidene, 1-ethylpropylidene or 1-ethylpentylidene. Preference is given to C.sub.2-C.sub.8-alkylidene.

[0098] Phenylalkylidene having 7 to 20 carbon atoms is, for example, benzylidene, 2-phenylethylidene or 1-phenyl-2-hexylidene. Preference is given to C.sub.7-C.sub.9-phenylalkylidene.

[0099] C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylene is a saturated hydrocarbon group having two free valencies and at least one ring unit and is, for example, cyclopentylene, cyclohexylene, cycloheptylene or cyclooctylene. Preference is given to cyclohexylene.

[0100] C.sub.7-C.sub.8bicycloalkylene is, for example, bicycloheptylene or bicyclooctylene.

[0101] Unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenylene or naphthylene is, for example, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-phenylene, 1,2-, 1,3-, 1,4-, 1,6-, 1,7-, 2,6- or 2,7-naphthylene. 1,4-Phenylene is preferred.

[0102] A C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring, which preferably contains 1 to 3, especially 1 or 2 branched or unbranched alkyl group radicals is, for example, cyclopentylidene, methylcyclopentylidene, dimethylcyclopentylidene, cyclohexylidene, methylcyclohexylidene, dimethylcyclohexylidene, trimethylcyclohexylidene, tert-butylcyclohexylidene, cycloheptylidene or cyclooctylidene. Preference is given to cyclohexylidene and tert-butylcyclohexylidene.

[0103] A mono-, di- or trivalent metal cation is preferably an alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or aluminium cation, for example, Na.sup.+, K.sup.+, Mg.sup.++, Ca.sup.++ or Al.sup.+++.

[0104] A particularly preferred composition of present invention contains at least one compound of formula 1, wherein, if n=1, R.sub.1 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted in para-position by C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino; mono- to penta-substituted alkyphenyl containing together a total of at most 18 carbon atoms in the 1 to 5 alkyl substituents; naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluorenyl, carbazolyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, phenothizinyl or 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio, hydroxy or amino.

[0105] Preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which, if n is 2, [0106] R.sub.1 is --R.sub.12--X--R.sub.13--, [0107] R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 are phenylene, [0108] X is oxygen or --NR.sub.31--, and [0109] R.sub.31 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl.

[0110] Preference is also given to compounds of the formula I in which, if n is 1, R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio-, hydroxyl-, halo-, amino-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino- or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl)amino-substituted naphthyl, phenanthryl, thienyl, dibenzo-furyl, carbazolyl, fluorenyl or a radical of the formula II ##STR31## R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 independently of one another are hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkoxy interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.12alkenyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.12alkynyloxy, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkoxy, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; phenoxy, cyclohexyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkanoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.12alkanoyloxy interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkanoylamino, C.sub.3-C.sub.12alkenoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12alkenoyloxy, cyclohexylcarbonyl, cyclohexylcarbonyloxy, benzoyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted benzoyl; benzoyloxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy; ##STR32## or else in formula II the radicals R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 or the radicals R.sub.8 and R.sub.11, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a benzo ring, [0111] R.sub.15 is hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkoxy or ##STR33## [0112] R.sub.18 and R.sub.19 independently of one another are hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0113] R.sub.20 is hydrogen, [0114] R.sub.21 is hydrogen, phenyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; [0115] C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.18-phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl and is interrupted by oxygen or sulfur, or else the radicals R.sub.20 and R.sub.21, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a cyclohexylene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0116] R.sub.22 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0117] R.sub.23 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.18alkenoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.12alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen or sulfur; [0118] C.sub.2-C.sub.12alkanoyl substituted by a di(C.sub.1-C.sub.6-alkyl)phosphonate group; C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyl, ##STR34## [0119] R.sub.24 and R.sub.25 independently of one another are hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl, [0120] R.sub.26 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0121] R.sub.27 is C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.8alkenylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.8alkylidene, C.sub.7-C.sub.12phenylalkylidene, C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylene or phenylene, [0122] R.sub.28 is hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkoxy or ##STR35## [0123] R.sub.29 is oxygen or --NH--, [0124] R.sub.30 is C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl or phenyl, and [0125] s is 1 or 2.

[0126] Preference is likewise given to compounds of the formula I in which, if n is 1, R.sub.1 is phenanthryl, thienyl, dibenzofuryl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted carbazolyl; or is fluorenyl; or R.sub.1 is a radical of the formula II ##STR36## [0127] R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 independently of one another are hydrogen, chlorine, hydroxyl, [0128] C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.4alkenyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.4alkinyloxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkanoyloxy, phenyl, benzoyl, benzoyloxy or ##STR37## [0129] R.sub.20 is hydrogen, [0130] R.sub.21 is hydrogen, phenyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, or else the radicals R.sub.20 and R.sub.21, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a cyclohexylene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0131] R.sub.22 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, and [0132] R.sub.23 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkanoyl or benzoyl.

[0133] Particular preference is given to compounds of the formula I in which, if n is 1, [0134] R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio or phenyl.

[0135] Of particular interest is a composition containing at least one compound of the formula I in which R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are hydrogen, chlorine, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, benzyl, phenyl, C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkanoyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkanoylamino, C.sub.3-C.sub.18alkenoyloxy or benzoyloxy; or else the radicals R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 or the radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 or the radicals R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a benzo ring, R.sub.4 is additionally --(CH.sub.2).sub.p--COR.sub.15 or --(CH.sub.2).sub.qOH, or, if R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, R.sub.4 is additionally a radical of the formula III, [0136] R.sub.15 is hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkoxy or ##STR38## [0137] R.sub.16 and R.sub.17 are methyl groups or, together with the C atom to which they are attached, form a C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0138] R.sub.24 and R.sub.25 independently of one another are hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl, [0139] p is 1 or 2, and [0140] q is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6.

[0141] Also of particular interest is a composition containing at least one compound of the formula I in which at least two of the radicals R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen.

[0142] Of special interest is a composition containing at least one compound of the formula I in which R.sub.3 and R.sub.5 are hydrogen.

[0143] Of very special interest is composition containing at least one compound of the formula I in which [0144] R.sub.2 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, [0145] R.sub.3 is hydrogen, [0146] R.sub.4 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl or, if R.sub.6 is hydrogen, R.sub.4 is additionally a radical of the formula III, [0147] R.sub.5 is hydrogen, and [0148] R.sub.16 and R.sub.17, together with the C atom to which they are attached, form a cyclohexylidene ring.

[0149] The following compounds are examples of the benzofuran-2-one type which are particularly suitable in the composition of the present invention: 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert -butyl-benzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy) phenyl]benzofuran-2-one; 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]-phenylbenzofuran-2-one]- ; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl)benzofuran-2-one; 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one; 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxy-phenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-phenylbenzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-benzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)benzofuran-2-one.

[0150] Also of special interest is a composition containing at least one compound of the formula V ##STR39## in which [0151] R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, [0152] R.sub.3 is hydrogen, [0153] R.sub.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl, [0154] R.sub.5 is hydrogen, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy, with the proviso that at least two of the radicals R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 or R.sub.11 are hydrogen.

[0155] Very particular preference is given to a composition containing at least one compound of the formula Va or Vb ##STR40## or a mixture of the two compounds of the formula Va and Vb.

[0156] The present sterically hindered amine stabilizers contain at least one moiety of formula ##STR41## where G.sub.1, G.sub.2, G.sub.3, G.sub.4 and G.sub.5 are independently alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 or G.sub.3 and G.sub.4 together are pentamethylene.

[0157] The hindered amines are disclosed for example in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,004,770, 5,204,473, 5,096,950, 5,300,544, 5,112,890, 5,124,378, 5,145,893, 5,216,156, 5,844,026, 5,980,783, 6,046,304, 6,117,995, 6,271,377, 6,297,299, 6,392,041, 6,376,584 and 6,472,456, and U.S. application Ser. Nos. 09/714,717, filed Nov. 16, 2000 and U.S. application Ser. No. 10/485,377, filed Aug. 6, 2002. The relevant disclosures of these patents and applications are hereby incorporated by reference.

[0158] U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,271,377, 6,392,041 and U.S. Pat. No. 6,376,584, cited above disclose hindered hydroxyalkoxyamine stabilizers. [0159] Suitable hindered amines include for example: [0160] 1) 1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylaminopiperidine, [0161] 2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, [0162] 3) bis(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, [0163] 4) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-yl) sebacate, [0164] 5) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, [0165] 6) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; [0166] 7) bis(1-acyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, [0167] 8) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate [0168] 9) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-- (2-hydroxy -ethylamino-s-triazine, [0169] 10) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, [0170] 11) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-- s-triazine, [0171] 12) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, [0172] 13) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, [0173] 14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperi- dine, [0174] 15) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, [0175] 16) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, [0176] 17) 2,4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-y- l]-N-butyl -amino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine, [0177] 18) 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, [0178] 19) di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate, [0179] 20) 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, [0180] 21) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) succinate, [0181] 22) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, [0182] 23) 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, [0183] 24) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) nitrilotriacetate, [0184] 25) tris(2-hydroxy-3-(amino-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl) nitrilotriacetate, [0185] 26) tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate- , [0186] 27) tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxyla- te, [0187] 28) 1,1'-(1,2-ethanediyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), [0188] 29) 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione, [0189] 30) 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-2,4-d- ione, [0190] 31) 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione, [0191] 32) 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, [0192] 33) N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylenedia- mine, [0193] 34) the reaction product of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro -s-triazine with N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine), [0194] 35) the condensate of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, [0195] 36) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, [0196] 37) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, [0197] 38) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, [0198] 39) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, [0199] 40) the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triaz- ine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, [0200] 41) the condensate of 2-chloro4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-tria- zine and 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, [0201] 42) a reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro [4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, [0202] 43) poly[methyl,(3-oxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)] siloxane, CAS#182635-99-0, [0203] 44) reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-C.sub.18-C.sub.22-.alpha.-olefin-copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine, [0204] 45) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, [0205] 46) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-tria- zine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, [0206] 47) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperin -4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, [0207] 48) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperin -4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine and [0208] 49) product obtained by reacting a product, obtained by reacting 1,2-bis(3-amino-propylamino) ethane with cyanuric chloride, with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamine.

[0209] Also included are the sterically hindered N--H, N-methyl, N-methoxy, N-propoxy, N-octyloxy, N-cyclohexyloxy, N-acyloxy and N-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy) analogues of any of the above mentioned compounds. For example, replacing an N--H hindered amine with an N-methyl hindered amine would be employing the N-methyl analogue in place of the N--H.

[0210] For illustrative purposes, some of the structures for the above-named compounds are shown below: ##STR42## ##STR43## ##STR44## ##STR45##

[0211] The hindered phenolic antioxidants are for example

[0212] 1.1. Alkylated monophenols, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-tert-butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol, 2,6-dicyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-dioctadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, nonylphenols which are linear or branched in the side chains, for example, 2,6-di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1-methylundec-1-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1-methylheptadec-1-yl)phenol, 2,4-dimethyl-6-(1-methyltridec-1-yl)phenol and mixtures thereof.

[0213] 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenols, for example 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-dioctylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-di-dodecylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.

[0214] 1.3. Hydroquinones and alkylated hydroquinones, for example 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-amylhydroquinone, 2,6-diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butylhydroquinone, 2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisole, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl stearate, bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipate.

[0215] 1.4. Tocopherols, for example .alpha.-tocopherol, .beta.-tocopherol, .gamma.-tocopherol, .delta.-tocopherol and mixtures thereof (Vitamin E).

[0216] 1.5. Hydroxylated thiodiphenyl ethers, for example 2,2'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-thiobis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis(6-tert -butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-thiobis-(3,6-di-sec-amylphenol), 4,4'-bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) disulfide.

[0217] 1.6. Alkylidenebisphenols, for example 2,2'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis (6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[4-methyl-6-(.alpha.-methylcyclohexyl)phenol], 2,2'-methylenebis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-ethylidenebis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(.alpha.-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-methylenebis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-methylenebis(2,6-di-tert -butylphenol), 4,4'-methylenebis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy -2-methylphenyl)butane, 2,6-bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)butane, 1,1-bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy -2-methyl-phenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, ethylene glycol bis[3,3-bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) butyrate], bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)dicyclopentadiene, bis[2-(3'tert-butyl-2-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenyl- ]terephthalate, 1,1-bis-(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl) butane, 2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy 2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercaptobutane, 1,1,5,5-tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)pentane.

[0218] 1.7. Benzyl compounds, for example 3,5,3',5'-tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzyl ether, octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert -butylbenzylmercaptoacetate, tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)amine, 1,3,5-tri-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, di-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) sulfide,3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercapto-acetic acid isooctyl ester, bis-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)dithiol terephthalate, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl) isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris-(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl) isocyanurate, 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphoric acid dioctadecyl ester and 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-phosphoric acid monoethyl ester, calcium-salt.

[0219] 1.8. Hydroxybenzylated malonates, for example dioctadecyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-malonate, di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-malonate, di-dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis-(3,5-di -tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate, bis[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl -4-hydroxybenzyl)malonate.

[0220] 1.9. Aromatic hydroxybenzyl compounds, for example 1 ,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene, 1,4-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3,5,6-tetramethylbenzene, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)phenol.

[0221] 1.10. Triazine compounds, for example 2,4-bis(octylmercapto)-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino) -1,3,5-triazine, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin- e, 2-octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triaz- ine, 2,4,6-tris-(3,5-di-tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazine, 1,3,5-tris-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-benzyl)isocyanurate, 1,3,5-tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)isocyanurate, 2,4,6-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-t- riazine, 1,3,5-tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)isocyanurate.

[0222] 1.11. Benzylphosphonates, for example dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, diethyl-3,5-di-tert -butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate, dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonate, the calcium salt of the monoethyl ester of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonic acid.

[0223] 1.12. Acylaminophenols, for example 4-hydroxy-lauric acid anilide, 4-hydroxy-stearic acid anilide, 2,4-bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-s-triazine and octyl-N-(3,5-di-tert -butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbamate.

[0224] 1.13. Esters of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glyco, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0225] 1.14. Esters of .beta.-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, n-octanol, i-octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexane-diol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate, N,N'-bis-(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethyl-olpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0226] 1.15. Esters of .beta.-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)oxamide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0227] 1.16. Esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. with methanol, ethanol, octanol, octadecanol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, thiodiethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, pentaerythritol, tris(hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, N,N'-bis(hydroxyethyl)ox-amide, 3-thiaundecanol, 3-thiapentadecanol, trimethylhexanediol, trimethylolpropane, 4-hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo[2.2.2]octane.

[0228] 1.17. Amides of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid e.g. N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hexamethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)trimethylenediamide, N,N'-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)hydrazide, N,N'-bis[2-(3-[3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl]propionyloxy)ethyl]oxami- de (Naugard.RTM..times.L-1 supplied by Uniroyal).

[0229] Each of the 3-arylbenzofuranone and hindered amine light stabilizers, and the optional phenolic antioxidant, are employed at levels of about 5 ppm to about 5000 ppm, for example from about 50 ppm to about 5000 ppm, for example from about 100 to about 5000 ppm by weight, based on the weight of the biodiesel fuel. For example, each of the present additives are present from about 150 to about 4000 ppm, from about 200 to about 3000 ppm, or from about 250 to about 2500 ppm by weight, based on the weight of the biodiesel fuel. In certain instances, the levels may be as high as about 1%, about 2% or about 3% by weight, based on the weight of the biodiesel fuel.

[0230] The present stabilized biodiesel fuels exhibit increased storage stability vs. unstabilized samples. Degradation of biodiesel fuels under the conditions of heat, light or oxygen is observed by the formation of carboxylic acids, peroxides, aldehydes and alcohols.

EXAMPLES

[0231] The Rancimat test, developed by the food industry, is employed to test the oxidative stability of soy biodiesel (methyl ester of soy fatty acid). A 3.0 g sample of soy biodiesel is held at 111.7.degree. C. and exposed to a bubbling stream of air (10 liters per hour). The sample vessel is vented to a secondary container, where the off-gases are bubbled through 60 mL of distilled water. The test measures the volatile oxidation decomposition products such as peroxides, alcohols, aldehydes and carboxylic acids. The volatile decomposition products (chiefly formic acid) are swept through the sample vessel and vented into the secondary container where they are trapped by the distilled water. The conductivity of the water is constantly monitored as a function of time through use of an electrode. The inflection point (not a specific value) of the conductivity curve is the measured induction time. It should be pointed out that some samples will be highly conductive before the inflection point is achieved, while others will only be slightly conductive. An increase of the induction time indicates an increase in oxidative stability. Results are in the table below. Levels of additive are in weight percent based on the weight of the biodiesel. TABLE-US-00001 Rancimat Induction Time sample additive Induction Time (hours) 1 none 5.0 (control) 2 250 ppm A 6.6 3 2500 ppm A 8.8 4 2500 ppm B 12.7 Additive A is bis-(1,1 ,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate; B is 3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one.

[0232] A 6 hour induction time is necessary to meet the EN 14214 specification.

Claims

1. A biodiesel fuel composition stabilized against the deleterious effects of heat, light and oxygen, which composition comprises a biodiesel fuel and an effective stabilizing amount of one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers and the hindered amine light stabilizers and optionally, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the hindered phenolic antioxidants.

2. A composition according to claim 1 comprising one or more 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers of formula I ##STR46## in which, if n is 1, R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio-, hydroxyl-, halo-, amino-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino-, phenylamino- or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino-substituted naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl, thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, dibenzofuryl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxathiinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, .beta.-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, perimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorenyl or phenoxazinyl, or R.sub.1 is a radical of the formula II ##STR47## and if n is 2, R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl- or hydroxy-substituted phenylene or naphthylene; or is -R.sub.12--X--R.sub.13--, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are hydrogen, chlorine, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9 phenylalkyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoylamino, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy which is interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, benzoyloxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy; or else the radicals R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 or the radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 or the radicals R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a benzo ring, R.sub.4 is additionally --(CH.sub.2).sub.p--COR.sub.15 or --(CH.sub.2).sub.qOH or, if R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, R.sub.4 is additionally a radical of the formula III ##STR48## in which R.sub.1 is defined as indicated above for n=1, R.sub.6 is hydrogen or a radical of the formula IV ##STR49## where R.sub.4 is not a radical of the formula III and R.sub.1 is defined as indicated above for n=1, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10, and R.sub.11 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR50## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkoxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR51## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkynyloxy, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkoxy, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenoxy; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkoxy; C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C .sub.25alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR52## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR53## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoylamino, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR54## C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR55## C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, benzoyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyl; benzoyloxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy; ##STR56## or else, in formula II, the radicals R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 or the radicals R.sub.8 and R.sub.11, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a benzo ring, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 independently of one another are unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenylene or naphthylene, R.sub.14 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.15 is hydroxyl, ##STR57## R.sub.16 and R.sub.17 independently of one another are hydrogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl or phenyl, or R.sub.16 and R.sub.17, together with the C atom to which they are attached, form a C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; R.sub.18 and R.sub.19 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.20 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.21 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR58## C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; C.sub.7-C.sub.25phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl and interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR59## or else the radicals R.sub.20 and R.sub.21, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkylene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; R.sub.22 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.23 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR60## C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkanoyl substituted by a di(C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl)phosphonate group; C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyl, thenoyl, furoyl, benzoyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyl; ##STR61## R.sub.24 and R.sub.25 independently of one another are hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, R.sub.26 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.27 is a direct bond, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkylene interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR62## C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkenylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkylidene, C.sub.7-C.sub.20phenylalkylidene, C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalene, C.sub.7-C.sub.8bicycloalkylene, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenylene, or ##STR63## R.sub.28 is hydroxyl, ##STR64## R.sub.29 is oxygen, --NH-- or ##STR65## R.sub.30 is C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.31 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, M is an r-valent metal cation, X is a direct bond, oxygen, sulfur or 13 NR.sub.31--, n is 1 or 2, p is 0, 1 or 2, q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, r is 1, 2, or 3, and s is 0, 1 or 2.

3. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the 3-arylbenzofuranones are of formula I wherein n=1, R.sub.1 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted in para-position by C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino; mono- to penta-substituted alkyphenyl containing together a total of at most 18 carbon atoms in the 1 to 5 alkyl substituents; naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluorenyl, carbazolyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, phenothizinyl or 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio, hydroxy or amino.

4. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the 3-arylbenzofuranones are of formula I wherein n is 2, R.sub.1 is --R.sub.12--X--R.sub.13--, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 are phenylene, X is oxygen or --NR .sub.31--, and R.sub.31 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl.

5. A composition according to claim 2 wherein the 3-arylbenzofuranones are selected from the group consisting of 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl -3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one; 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one]- ; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3(4-ethoxyphenyl) benzofuran-2-one; 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one; 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxy-phenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-phenylbenzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-benzofuran-2-one and 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-benzofuran-2-one.

6. A composition according to claim 1 comprising one or more hindered amine light stabilizers that contain at least one moiety of formula ##STR66## where G.sub.1, G.sub.2, G.sub.3, G.sub.4 and G.sub.5 are independently alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 or G.sub.3 and G.sub.4 together are pentamethylene.

7. A composition according to claim 6 where the hindered amine stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of 1) 1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylaminopiperidine, 2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 3) bis(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin4-yl) sebacate, 4) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-yl) sebacate, 5) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 6) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; 7) bis(1-acyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 8) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate 9) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-- (2-hydroxy-ethylamino-s-triazine, 10) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, 11) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-tri- azine, 12) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 13) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpi- peridine, 15) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 16) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, 17) 2,4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-y- l]-N -butyl-amino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine, 18) 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 19) di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate, 20) 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 21) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) succinate, 22) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 23) 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, 24) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) nitrilotriacetate, 25) tris(2-hydroxy-3-(amino-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl) nitrilotriacetate, 26) tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate- , 27) tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracar- boxylate, 28) 1,1'-(1,2-ethanedlyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 29) 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione, 30) 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-- 2,4-dione, 31) 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione, 32) 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 33) N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylen- ediamine, 34) the reaction product of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-tr- iazine with N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine), 35) the condensate of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, 36) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 37) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 38) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 39) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 40) the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triaz- ine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 41) the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-tri- azine and 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 42) a reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro[4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 43) poly[methyl,(3-oxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)] siloxane, CAS#182635-99-0, 44) reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-C.sub.18-C.sub.22-.alpha.-olefin-copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 45) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, 46) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-tria- zine end -capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, 47) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]- -s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, 48) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]- -s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine and 49) product obtained by reacting a product, obtained by reacting 1,2-bis(3-amino-propylamino)ethane with cyanuric chloride, with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamine.

8. A composition according to claim 6 where the hindered amine is an N--H, N-methyl, N-methoxy, N-propoxy, N-octyloxy, N-cyclohexyloxy, N-acyloxy or an N-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy) substituted amine.

9. A composition according to claim 1 comprising one or more 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers and one or more hindered phenolic antioxidants.

10. A composition according to claim 9 where the 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers are of formula I ##STR67## in which, if n is 1, R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio-, hydroxyl-, halo-, amino-, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino-, phenylamino- or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino-substituted naphthyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthyl, 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl, thienyl, benzo[b]thienyl, naphtho[2,3-b]thienyl, thianthrenyl, dibenzofuryl, chromenyl, xanthenyl, phenoxathiinyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, purinyl, quinolizinyl, isoquinolyl, quinolyl, phthalazinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, pteridinyl, carbazolyl, .beta.-carbolinyl, phenanthridinyl, acridinyl, perimidinyl, phenanthrolinyl, phenazinyl, isothiazolyl, phenothiazinyl, isoxazolyl, furazanyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, fluorenyl or phenoxazinyl, or R.sub.1 is a radical of the formula II ##STR68## and if n is 2, R.sub.1 is unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl- or hydroxy-substituted phenylene or naphthylene; or is --R.sub.12--X--R.sub.13--, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 independently of one another are hydrogen, chlorine, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkyl; C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoylamino, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy which is interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR69## C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, benzoyloxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy; or else the radicals R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 or the radicals R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 or the radicals R.sub.4 and R.sub.5, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a benzo ring, R.sub.4 is additionally --(CH.sub.2).sub.p--COR.sub.15 or --CH.sub.2).sub.qOH or, if R.sub.3, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, R.sub.4 is additionally a radical of the formula III ##STR70## in which R.sub.1 is defined as indicated above for n=1, R.sub.6 is hydrogen or a radical of the formula IV ##STR71## where R.sub.4 is not a radical of the formula III and R.sub.1 is defined as indicated above for n=1, R.sub.7, R.sub.8, R.sub.9, R.sub.10 and R.sub.11 independently of one another are hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR72## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkoxy, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkoxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR73## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkylthio, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkynyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkynyloxy, C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl, C.sub.7-C.sub.9unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenoxy; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkyl; unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkoxy; C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylamino, di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C .sub.25alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR74## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyloxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR75## C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoylamino, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR76## C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyloxy interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR77## C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyl, C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyloxy, benzoyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyl; benzoyloxy or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyloxy; ##STR78## or else, in formula II, the radicals R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 or the radicals R.sub.8 and R.sub.11, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a benzo ring, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 independently of one another are unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenylene or naphthylene, R.sub.14 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.15 is hydroxyl, ##STR79## R.sub.16 and R.sub.17 independently of one another are hydrogen, CF.sub.3, C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl or phenyl, or R.sub.16 and R.sub.17, together with the C atom to which they are attached, form a C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylidene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; R.sub.18 and R.sub.19 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.20 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.21 is hydrogen, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenyl; C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkyl, C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR80## C.sub.7-C.sub.9phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; C.sub.7-C.sub.25phenylalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted on the phenyl radical from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl and interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR81## or else the radicals R.sub.20 and R.sub.21, together with the carbon atoms to which they are attached, form a C.sub.5-C.sub.12cycloalkylene ring which is unsubstituted or substituted from 1 to 3 times by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl; R.sub.22 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, R.sub.23 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-C.sub.25alkanoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkenoyl, C.sub.3-C.sub.25alkanoyl interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR82## C.sub.2-C.sub.25alkanoyl substituted by a di(C.sub.1-C.sub.6alkyl)phosphonate group; C.sub.6-C.sub.9cycloalkylcarbonyl, thenoyl, furoyl, benzoyl or C.sub.1-C.sub.12alkyl-substituted benzoyl; ##STR83## R.sub.24 and R.sub.25 independently of one another are hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, R.sub.26 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.8alkyl, R.sub.27 is a direct bond, C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkylene interrupted by oxygen, sulfur or ##STR84## C.sub.2-C.sub.18alkenylene, C.sub.2-C.sub.20alkylidene, C.sub.7-C.sub.20phenylalkylidene, C.sub.5-C.sub.8cycloalkylene, C.sub.7-C.sub.8bicycloalkylene, unsubstituted or C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl-substituted phenylene, or ##STR85## R.sub.28 is hydroxyl, ##STR86## R.sub.29 is oxygen, --NH-- or ##STR87## R.sub.30 is C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl or phenyl, R.sub.31 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkyl, M is an r-valent metal cation, X is a direct bond, oxygen, sulfur or --NR.sub.31--, n is 1 or 2, p is 0, 1 or 2, q is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, r is 1, 2 or 3, and s is 0, 1 or 2.

11. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the 3-arylbenzofuranones are of formula I wherein n=1, R.sub.1 is phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted in para-position by C.sub.1-C.sub.18alkylthio or di(C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl)amino; mono- to penta-substituted alkyphenyl containing together a total of at most 18 carbon atoms in the 1 to 5 alkyl substituents; naphthyl, biphenyl, terphenyl, phenanthryl, anthryl, fluorenyl, carbazolyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, phenothizinyl or 5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkoxy, C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkylthio, hydroxy or amino.

12. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the 3-arylbenzofuranones are of formula I wherein n is 2, R.sub.1 is --R.sub.12--X--R.sub.13--, R.sub.12 and R.sub.13 are phenylene, X is oxygen or --NR .sub.31--, and R.sub.31 is C.sub.1-C.sub.4alkyl.

13. A composition according to claim 10 wherein the 3-arylbenzofuranones are selected from the group consisting of 3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)phenyl]-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-[4-(2-stearoyloxyethoxy)phenyl]benzofuran-2-one; 3,3'-bis[5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(4-[2-hydroxyethoxy]phenyl)benzofuran-2-one]- ; 5,7-di-tert -butyl-3-(4-ethoxyphenyl) benzofuran-2-one; 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butylbenzofuran-2-one; 3-(3,5-dimethyl-4-pivaloyloxy-phenyl)-5,7-di-tert-butyl-benzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-phenylbenzofuran-2-one; 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(3,4-dimethylphenyl)-benzofuran-2-one and 5,7-di-tert-butyl-3-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)benzofuran-2-one.

14. A composition according to claim 9 where the hindered phenolic antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, tocopherol, benzylphosphonates, esters of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, esters of .beta.-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, esters of .beta.-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols and esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols.

15. A composition according to claim 1 comprising one or more hindered amine light stabilizers and one or more hindered phenolic antioxidants.

16. A composition according to claim 15 where the hindered amine light stabilizers contain at least one moiety of formula ##STR88## where G.sub.1, G.sub.2, G.sub.3, G.sub.4 and G.sub.5 are independently alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms or G.sub.1 and G.sub.2 or G.sub.3 and G.sub.4 together are pentamethylene.

17. A composition according to claim 15 where the hindered amine stabilizers are selected from the group consisting of 1) 1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-octadecylaminopiperidine, 2) bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 3) bis(1-acetoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 4) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-yl) sebacate, 5) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 6) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate; 7) bis(1-acyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 8) bis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl) n-butyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylmalonate 9) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-- (2-hydroxy-ethylamino-s-triazine, 10) bis(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, 11) 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro-s-tr- iazine, 12) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 13) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 14) 1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-4-octadecanoyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpi- peridine, 15) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) sebacate, 16) bis(1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl) adipate, 17) 2,4-bis{N-[1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropoxy)-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-y- l]-N -butyl-amino}-6-(2-hydroxyethylamino)-s-triazine, 18) 4-benzoyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 19) di-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidin-4-yl) p-methoxybenzylidenemalonate, 20) 4-stearyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine, 21) bis(1-octyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl) succinate, 22) 1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 23) 2-undecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxo-spiro[4,5]decane, 24) tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) nitrilotriacetate, 25) tris(2-hydroxy-3-(amino-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl) nitrilotriacetate, 26) tetrakis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracarboxylate- , 27) tetrakis(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-1,2,3,4-butane-tetracar- boxylate, 28) 1,1'-(1,2-ethanedlyl)-bis(3,3,5,5-tetramethylpiperazinone), 29) 3-n-octyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decan-2,4-dione, 30) 8-acetyl-3-dodecyl-7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-1,3,8-triazaspiro[4.5]decane-- 2,4-dione, 31) 3-dodecyl-1-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidin-2,5-dione, 32) 3-dodecyl-1-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)pyrrolidine-2,5-dione, 33) N,N'-bis-formyl-N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)hexamethylen- ediamine, 34) the reaction product of 2,4-bis[(1-cyclohexyloxy-2,2,6,6-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-6-chloro -s-triazine with N,N'-bis(3-aminopropyl)ethylenediamine), 35) the condensate of 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-hydroxypiperidine and succinic acid, 36) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-tert-octylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 37) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-cyclohexylamino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 38) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 39) linear or cyclic condensates of N,N'-bis-(1,2,2,6,6-pentamethyl-4-piperidyl)-hexamethylenediamine and 4-morpholino-2,6-dichloro-1,3,5-triazine, 40) the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-bis(4-n-butylamino-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-triaz- ine and 1,2-bis(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 41) the condensate of 2-chloro-4,6-di-(4-n-butylamino-1,2,2,6,6-pentamethylpiperidyl)-1,3,5-tri- azine and 1,2-bis-(3-aminopropylamino)ethane, 42) a reaction product of 7,7,9,9-tetramethyl-2-cycloundecyl-1-oxa-3,8-diaza-4-oxospiro [4,5]decane and epichlorohydrin, 43) poly[methyl, (3-oxy-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)propyl)] siloxane, CAS#182635-99-0, 44) reaction product of maleic acid anhydride-C.sub.18-C.sub.22-.alpha.-olefin-copolymer with 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-aminopiperidine, 45) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-2, 2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, 46) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1,2,2,6,6-pentaamethyl-piperidin-4-yl)butylamino]-s-tria- zine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, 47) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis(amino-1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-propoxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamino]- -s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine, 48) the oligomeric compound which is the condensation product of 4,4'-hexamethylene-bis (amino-1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine) and 2,4-dichloro-6-[(1-acyloxy-2,2,6,6-tetra-methylpiperidin -4-yl)butylamino]-s-triazine end-capped with 2-chloro-4,6-bis(dibutylamino)-s-triazine and 49) product obtained by reacting a product, obtained by reacting 1,2-bis(3-amino-propylamino) ethane with cyanuric chloride, with (2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)butylamine.

18. A composition according to claim 15 where the hindered amine is an N--H, N-methyl, N-methoxy, N-propoxy, N-octyloxy, N-cyclohexyloxy, N-acyloxy or an N-(2-hydroxy-2-methyl-propoxy) substituted amine.

19. A composition according to claim 15 where the hindered phenolic antioxidants are selected from the group consisting of butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, tocopherol, benzylphosphonates, esters of .beta.-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, esters of .beta.-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols, esters of .beta.-(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols and esters of 3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl acetic acid with mono- or polyhydric alcohols.

20. A process for the stabilization of a biodiesel fuel against the deleterious effects of heat, light and oxygen, which process comprises incorporating into a biodiesel fuel an effective stabilizing amount of one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the 3-arylbenzofuranone stabilizers and the hindered amine light stabilizers and optionally, one or more additives selected from the group consisting of the hindered phenolic antioxidants.