U.S. patent application number 11/640215 was filed with the patent office on 2007-06-21 for sensor.
This patent application is currently assigned to NGK SPARK PLUG CO., LTD.. Invention is credited to Masashi Ando, Kenji Hayashi, Noboru Ishida, Junji Kawai, Masataka Taguchi, Shinji Tanabe, Takaya Yoshikawa.
Application Number | 20070141911 11/640215 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38109051 |
Filed Date | 2007-06-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070141911 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Yoshikawa; Takaya ; et
al. |
June 21, 2007 |
Sensor
Abstract
A sensor comprising a sensor element, a metallic housing holding
therewithin the sensor element, an inner tubular member fixed to an
axially rearward end of the metallic housing, and an outer tubular
member radially surrounding the inner tubular member and having a
radially inward crimping section for contact with an outer surface
of the inner tubular member, wherein an axially forward end of the
crimping section is disposed axially apart from an axially forward
end of the outer tubular member by a distance of 1.5 mm or
less.
Inventors: |
Yoshikawa; Takaya; (Aichi,
JP) ; Kawai; Junji; (Aichi, JP) ; Hayashi;
Kenji; (Gifu, JP) ; Tanabe; Shinji; (Aichi,
JP) ; Ishida; Noboru; (Gifu, JP) ; Taguchi;
Masataka; (Aichi, JP) ; Ando; Masashi; (Aichi,
JP) |
Correspondence
Address: |
SUGHRUE MION, PLLC
2100 PENNSYLVANIA AVENUE, N.W.
SUITE 800
WASHINGTON
DC
20037
US
|
Assignee: |
NGK SPARK PLUG CO., LTD.
|
Family ID: |
38109051 |
Appl. No.: |
11/640215 |
Filed: |
December 18, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
439/607.41 ;
73/23.2 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H01R 13/5205 20130101;
G01N 27/4077 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
439/610 ;
073/023.2 |
International
Class: |
H01R 9/03 20060101
H01R009/03; G01N 7/00 20060101 G01N007/00 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Dec 19, 2005 |
JP |
2005-364770 |
Oct 18, 2006 |
JP |
2006-283198 |
Claims
1. A sensor comprising: a sensor element; a metallic housing
holding therewithin the sensor element; an inner tubular member
fixed to an axially rearward end of the metallic housing; and an
outer tubular member radially surrounding the inner tubular member
and having a radially inward crimping section for contact with an
outer surface of the inner tubular member, wherein an axially
forward end of the crimping section is disposed axially apart from
an axially forward end of the outer tubular member by a distance of
1.5 mm or less.
2. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the forward end of the
crimping section is disposed axially apart from the forward end of
the outer tubular member by a distance of 1.3 mm or less.
3. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the forward end of the
crimping section is disposed axially apart from the forward end of
the outer tubular member by a distance of 1.0 mm or less.
4. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the forward end of the
crimping section is disposed axially apart from the forward end of
the outer tubular member by a distance of 0.3 mm or more.
5. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the sensor element is
elongated in an axial direction and has at an axially forward side
thereof a detection portion at which the sensor element detects a
gas component in a measurement gas, the metallic housing surrounds
the sensor element in a way as to allow the detection portion to
protrude axially forward therefrom, and the inner tubular member
surrounds an axially rearward side of the sensor element.
6. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the outer tubular
member is thinner than the inner tubular member.
7. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the
outer tubular member is in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 mm.
8. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the crimping section of
the outer tubular member is lower in the Vickers hardness than the
inner tubular member.
9. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the outer tubular
member is made of austenite stainless steel.
10. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein each of the inner
tubular member and the outer tubular member has one or more of air
inlet holes for introducing the air into the inner tubular member,
a filter is disposed at a corresponding position to the air inlet
holes of the inner tubular member and the outer tubular member, and
the crimping section is positioned more axially forward than the
filter.
11. The sensor according to claim 1, wherein the inner tubular
member has one or more air inlet holes for introducing the air
thereinto, and a filter is disposed to cover the air inlet holes,
the filter being interposed between the inner tubular member and
the crimping section.
12. The sensor according to claim 11, wherein the forward end of
the outer tubular member and an axially forward end of the filter
are axially apart by a distance of 0.3 mm or less.
13. The sensor according to claim 11, wherein the forward end of
the filter is axially more forward than an axially forward end of
the outer tubular member.
14. The sensor according to claim 11, wherein the inner tubular
member comprises a smaller diameter portion formed with the one or
more air inlet holes, a larger diameter portion radially
surrounding an axially rearward side of the sensor element and a
shoulder portion connecting between the smaller diameter portion
and the larger diameter portion, and the forward end of the outer
tubular member and the shoulder portion are axially apart by a
distance of 0.5 mm or more.
15. The sensor according to claim 1, being adapted for attachment
to one of an intake pipe and exhaust pipe of an internal combustion
engine.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to a sensor and more
particularly to a gas sensor such as an oxygen sensor, HC sensor
and NOx senor, for detecting a gas component in a gas and a
temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of a gas.
[0002] It is heretofore known a gas sensor having such a structure
in which a sensor element formed at a forward end with a detection
portion for detecting a gas component in a gas is disposed inside a
metallic casing. The metallic casing is constituted by a plurality
of coaxial tubular members such as a metallic housing formed at an
outer circumferential surface thereof with a threaded portion for
installation of a sensor, a protector connected to the metallic
housing in such a manner as to cover the detection portion of the
sensor element, which protrudes from the forward end of the
metallic housing, an inner tubular member connected to a rearward
open end portion of the metallic housing and covering a portion of
the sensor element, which extends rearward from the rearward open
end portion, and an outer tubular member radially surrounding an
outer circumferential periphery of the inner tubular member while
interposing therebetween a water repellant filter.
[0003] Such a gas sensor (e.g., oxygen sensor) is installed on, for
example, an exhaust pipe of an exhaust system of an automotive
engine or the like. Further, it is recently a general practice to
provide the exhaust pipe with a catalytic device for decomposing a
toxic substance in an exhaust gas and dispose a gas sensor
downstream of the catalytic device thereby measuring a detection
component in an exhaust gas from which a toxic substance has been
removed. In this instance, since the gas sensor is disposed
downstream of the exhaust pipe that extends rearward from the
engine and along the bottom of a vehicle body, water drops or the
like may adhere to the outer surface of the gas sensor.
Accordingly, in order to prevent the water drops or the like from
entering into the gas sensor, it is important for the plurality of
tubular members to be joined assuredly together for attaining the
watertightness of the gas sensor.
[0004] Crimping is known as a method of joining the plurality of
tubular bodies together. For example, it is known a gas sensor in
which a protector is fixed to a forward end of a metallic housing
by crimping, a forward end of an inner tubular member is fixed to a
rearward end of the metallic housing by crimping, a forward
overlying portion of the outer tubular member, which overlies on
the inner tubular member, is fixed to the inner tubular member by
crimping as disclosed in Unexamined Japanese Patent Publication No.
11-352095. In this sensor, the outer tubular member is formed at
the forward side with a crimping section (crimped fixing section)
in the form of an annular recess extending circumferentially
therearound, i.e., decreased in diameter so as to allow the forward
end of the crimping section to fittingly engage the outer surface
of the inner tubular member, thereby closing a space between the
inner tubular member and the outer tubular member. Accordingly, by
forming such crimping sections at predetermined places, a
single-piece tubular body having a high watertightness can be
obtained.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0005] In the meantime, in order to allow movement of the crimping
position at the forward side of the outer tubular member within the
error range, the crimping position is arranged in many cases at the
place a little apart rearward from the forward end of the outer
tubular member. However, if the crimping is carried out at that
place, the remaining portion of the outer tubular member, which is
positioned more forward than the crimping section, is caused to
float a little above the outer surface of the inner tubular member,
so that a little space or gap is formed between the forward end of
the outer tubular member and the outer surface of the inner tubular
member. Then, water drops adhered to the outer surface of the gas
sensor are introduced by capillary action into the gap and held
therein for a long period of time due to the surface tension of the
water.
[0006] Particularly, in case aqueous solution containing metallic
salt, such as salt water (water containing salt) is drawn into the
gap, a chemical reaction may possibly occur between the inner
surface of the outer tubular member and the outer surface of the
inner tubular member to cause both of the outer surface of the
inner tubular member and the inner surface of the outer tubular
member to rust. For example, in cold, snowy terrains, it is a
general practice to scatter a snow-melting agent containing calcium
chloride as a major constituent, so that puddles or pools are
caused by melted snow on the ground and contain salt water that is
produced by dissolution of calcium chloride. Accordingly, when
automotive vehicles are caused to pass over the pools, salt is
adhered onto the surface of the gas sensor. Then, salt water is
drawn into the gap between the forward end of the outer tubular
member and the outer circumferential surface of the inner tubular
member and held therewithin, so that there have been a possibility
of the inner tubular member and the outer tubular member being
caused to rust. Further, the progress of rusting may cause a crack
or cracks in the inner tubular member, thus possibly allowing salt
water to go into the outer tubular member through the crack or
cracks and lowering the detection accuracy of the sensor.
[0007] Further, the outer tubular member, when crimped, gets a
similar effect to that a sheet of metal gets when forcedly bent, so
that when the pressure is removed immediately after crimping the
crimped outer tubular member causes a spring back phenomenon due to
reaction thereof. If the crimping section is formed at the place
that is spaced apart rearward from the forward end of the outer
tubular member, the spring back phenomenon is enhanced or
increased. Accordingly, immediately after the outer tubular member
is crimped, the forward end of the crimping section is pulled by
the above-described remaining portion of the outer tubular member,
thus causing a possibility of the entire crimping section being
curved a little radially outward. For this reason, it is supposed
that the surface pressure of the inner tubular member at the
crimping section relative to the outer surface of the inner tubular
member is a little lowered. This may possibly leads to decrease in
the fitness in engagement of the crimping section with the outer
surface of the inner tubular member and therefore is causative of
decreasing the watertightness of the gas sensor.
[0008] It is accordingly an object of the present invention to
provide a sensor or gas sensor that is free from the above-noted
problems in the prior art devices and that is capable of preventing
rusting of the outer tubular member and the inner tubular member
due to salt water adhered thereto and improving the
watertightness.
[0009] To achieve the above object, the present provides a sensor
comprising a sensor element, a metallic housing holding therewithin
the sensor element, an inner tubular member fixed coaxially to an
axially rearward end of the metallic housing, and an outer tubular
member radially and coaxially surrounding the inner tubular member
and having a radially inward crimping section for contact with an
outer surface of the inner tubular member, wherein an axially
forward end of the crimping section is disposed axially apart from
an axially forward end of the outer tubular member by a distance of
1.5 mm or less.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0010] FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a gas sensor according to a
first embodiment of the present invention;
[0011] FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of a crimping section
and its adjacent portion of an outer tubular member of the gas
sensor of FIG. 1 (axial distance between crimp forward end position
P and forward end of outer tubular member is 0 mm);
[0012] FIG. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of a crimping section
and its adjacent portion of an outer tubular member of the gas
sensor of FIG. 1 (axial distance between crimp forward end position
P and forward end of outer tubular member is 0.9 mm);
[0013] FIG. 4 is an enlarged sectional view of a crimping section
and its adjacent portion of an outer tubular member of the gas
sensor of FIG. 1 (axial distance between crimp forward end position
P and forward end of outer tubular member is 2.2 mm);
[0014] FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view of a crimping section
and its adjacent portion of an outer tubular member of the gas
sensor of FIG. 1 (axial distance between crimp forward end position
P and forward end of outer tubular member is 3.3 mm);
[0015] FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of a crimping section
and its adjacent portion of an outer tubular member of the gas
sensor of FIG. 1 (axial distance between crimp forward end position
P and forward end of outer tubular member is 4.3 mm);
[0016] FIG. 7 is a graph showing the result of an FEM (Finite
Element Method) analysis;
[0017] FIG. 8 is a sectional view of a gas sensor according to a
second embodiment;
[0018] FIG. 9 is an enlarged sectional view of a crimping section
and its adjacent portion of an outer tubular member of the gas
sensor of FIG. 8; and
[0019] FIG. 10 is an enlarged sectional view of a crimping section
and its adjacent portion of a gas sensor according to a variation
of the second embodiment.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
[0020] Referring first to FIG. 1, a gas sensor 1 according to a
first embodiment of the present invention is of the kind installed
on an exhaust pipe of an automotive vehicle for detecting an oxygen
concentration in an exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust
pipe.
[0021] Firstly, the gas sensor 1 will be described. As shown in
FIG. 1, the gas sensor 1 includes a sensor element 2 that is closed
at a forward end so as to have a bottomed tubular shape, a ceramic
heater 3 inserted into a bottomed hole of the sensor element 2, a
metallic housing 5 for holding therewithin the sensor element 2, an
inner tubular member 14 connected to a rearward end of the metallic
housing 14, and an outer tubular member disposed coaxially with the
inner tubular member and having a rearward side of the inner
tubular member inserted thereinto. In the meantime, of the axial
directions of the sensor element 2 shown in FIG. 1, the direction
toward a leading end portion that is exposed to a measurement gas
(exhaust gas), i.e., the direction toward the closed end side or
the lower side in the drawing, is referred to as "forward" and the
direction opposite thereto, i.e., the direction toward the upper
side in the drawing is referred to as "rearward".
[0022] Then, the sensor element 2 will be described. The sensor
element 2 has at an axially forward side thereof a detection
portion (no numeral) at which the sensor element 2 detects a gas
component in a measurement gas. Specifically, the sensor element 2
includes an oxygen ion conductive solid electrolyte 28 containing
yttria partially stabilized zirconia as the major constituent, an
inner electrode layer 27 formed on the inner surface of the
bottomed hole 25 of the solid electrolyte 28 so as to cover nearly
the entire surface and formed of Pt or Pt alloy so as to constitute
a porous electrode, and an outer electrode 26 formed on the outer
surface of the solid electrolyte 28 so as to constitute a porous
electrode similarly to the inner electrode 27. Further, the sensor
element 2 is provided with a porous electrode protection layer 99
coating the outer electrode layer 26 and formed of heat-resistant
ceramic such as a porous alumina-magnesia spinel. Further, at the
axially nearly intermediate position of the sensor element 2 is
provided a flange portion 92 that protrudes radially outward.
Further, the ceramic heater 3 is rod-shaped and provided with a
heating portion 42 having a heating resistor at the inside thereof.
When the ceramic heater 3 is energized by way of heater lead wires
19 and 22 which will be described later, the heating portion 42
heats thereby performing a function of heating the sensor element 2
with a view to activating the sensor element 2.
[0023] Then, the metallic housing 5 will be described. The metallic
housing 5 has an externally threaded portion 66 for attaching the
gas sensor 1 to an attaching portion of an exhaust gas and a
hexagonal portion 93 with which a tool is coupled or engaged at the
time of attachment of the gas sensor 1 to the attaching portion of
the exhaust pipe.
[0024] Then, at a forward inner circumferential periphery of the
metallic housing 5 is provided a shoulder portion 54 that protrudes
radially inward. Upon the shoulder portion 54 is fixedly supported
a support member 51 made of alumina by way of a packing 55. In the
meantime, the sensor element 2 is held by the metallic housing 5 by
being supported at the flange portion 51 upon the support member
51. Between an inner surface portion of the metallic housing 5,
which is positioned at the rearward side of the support member 51,
and the outer surface of the sensor element 2 is filled a filling
member 52 formed of talc powder. At the rearward side of the
filling member 52 are disposed in sequence a sleeve 53 made of
alumina and a circular ring 15 in a way as to be inserted into the
metallic housing 5 coaxially.
[0025] Further, to the forward end outer circumferential periphery
of the metallic housing 5 are attached dual protectors 81 and 82
made of metal. The dual protectors 81 and 82 have a plurality of
gas inlet holes and are adapted to cover the detection portion of
the sensor element 2 which protrudes from the forward end of the
metallic housing 5.
[0026] Then, the inner tubular member 14 will be described. The
inner tubular member 14 is made of SUS304L according to JIS G3549
and has a forward end inserted into the rearward end of the
metallic housing 5. Then, the inner tubular member 14 is fixedly
attached to the metallic housing 5 by crimping a rearward end 60 of
the metallic housing 5 against the inner tubular member 14 under
the condition where an increased-diameter forward end 5 is
abuttingly engaged with an annular ring 15. In the meantime, the
gas sensor 1 is structured so that crimping of the rearward end
portion 60 of the metallic housing 5 causes the filling member 53
to be compressed and filled by way of the sleeve 53. By this, the
sensor element 2 is held in a watertight manner within the metallic
housing 5.
[0027] Further, the inner tubular member 14 is formed with a
shoulder portion 83 at the axially nearly intermediate position
thereof, the side more forward than the shoulder portion 83 being
formed as a forward portion 61 and the side more rearward than the
shoulder portion 83 being formed as a rearward portion 62. The
rearward portion 62 is smaller both in the inner diameter and the
outer diameter than the forward portion 61, and its inner diameter
is a little larger than the outer diameter of a main body portion
85 of a separator 7 which will be described later. Further, the
rearward portion 62 is formed with a plurality of air inlet holes
67 arranged circumferentially at predetermined intervals.
[0028] Then, the outer tubular member 16 will be described. The
outer tubular member 16 is formed from a sheet of SUS304L according
to JIS G3549 into a tubular shape and includes a rearward portion
63 having an opening providing communication between the outside
and the inside, a forward portion 64 connected, at a forward side
thereof, coaxially with the rearward side of the inner tubular
member 14 and a shoulder portion 35 connecting between the rearward
portion 63 and the forward portion 64. In the meantime, the
rearward portion 63 is formed with a crimping section 88 for
watertightly and fixedly holding elastic seal member 11.
[0029] Further, at the outside of the rearward portion 62 of the
inner tubular member 14 is disposed a tubular filter 68 for
preventing the entrance of water from the air inlet holes 67. In
the meantime, the filter 68 is constructed as a water repellent
filter that prevents the passage of liquid mainly consisting of
water while on the other hand allowing the passage of gas such as
air, like a porous, fiberous structure of polytetrafuluoroethylene
(sold under the name of Gore-Tex by Japan Gore-Tex, Inc.) for
instance.
[0030] Further, the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member
16 is so shaped as to surround the inner tubular member 14
(specifically, the rearward portion 62) having the filter 68
disposed thereon, and formed with, at a position corresponding to
the filter 68, a plurality of air inlet holes 84 arranged
circumferentially at predetermined intervals.
[0031] Then, the connection between the inner tubular member 14 and
the outer tubular member 16 will be described. As shown in FIG. 1,
the outer tubular member 16 and the inner tubular member 14 are
fixed by a first crimping section 56 which is formed by crimping
radially inward, by way of the filter 68, at least a portion of the
forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16, which is
positioned more rearward than the air inlet holes 84 and by
crimping radially inward, similarly by way of the filter 68, at
least a portion of the outer tubular forward portion 64, which is
positioned more forward than the air inlet holes 84. At this time,
the filter 68 is held in a watertight state between the outer
tubular member 16 and the inner tubular member 14. Further, the
forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 is disposed so as
to lie over the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14.
Further, by crimping a part of an overlying portion of the outer
tubular member 16 radially inward against the inner tubular member
14, a crimping section 75 that is reduced in diameter is formed. In
the meantime, in this embodiment, the crimping section 75 is
adjusted so as to be positioned at the forward end of the
above-described overlying portion. In this connection, an important
feature of the present invention resides in the position at which
the crimping section 75 is formed, and its operation and effect
will be described later.
[0032] In this manner, by fixing the outer tubular member 16 to the
inner tubular member 14 by crimping, the both are fittingly joined
together without any looseness. The air that serves as a reference
gas is introduced through air introducing holes 84, the filter 68
and air inlet holes 67 into the bottomed hole 25 of the sensor
element 2. On the other hand, a waterdrop is prevented from
entering into the inside of the inner tubular member 14 since it
cannot pass the filter 68.
[0033] Then, description will be made as to the inside structure of
the inner tubular member 14 and the outer tubular member 16. As
shown in FIG. 1, at the inside of the rearward portion 62 of the
inner tubular member 14 is disposed the above-described separator 7
which is hollow, nearly cylindrical. The separator 7 is formed with
lead wire insertion holes 71 which penetrate between the forward
end and the rearward end thereof and into which sensor element lead
wires 20, 21 and heater lead wires 19, 22 are inserted to pass
therethrough. Further, the separator 7 is formed with a bottomed
retaining hole 95 that opens at the forward end surface thereof.
Into the retaining hole 95 is inserted a rearward portion of the
ceramic heater 3, and by abutting engagement of a rearward end
surface of the ceramic heater 3 with a bottom surface of the
retaining hole 95, the axial position of the ceramic heater 3
relative to the separator 7 is determined.
[0034] Further, the separator 7 has a main body portion 85 that is
inserted into the rearward inside of the inner tubular member 14
and a flange portion 86 that extends radially outward from the
rearward end of the main body portion 85. Namely, the separator 7
is disposed inside the outer tubular member 16, with the main body
portion 85 being inserted into the inner tubular member 14 and the
flange portion 86 being supported on the rearward end surface of
the inner tubular member 14 by way of an annular seal member 40
made of fluororubber.
[0035] On the other hand, at the rearward side of the separator 7
is disposed the elastic seal member 11 made of fluororubber or the
like that has an excellent heat resisting ability. This elastic
seal member 11 has a main body portion 31 and a flange portion 32
that extends radially outward from a forward end of the main body
portion 31. Further, the elastic seal member 11 is formed with four
lead wire insertion holes 17 that extend axially through the main
body portion 31. The elastic seal member 11 is inserted into the
rearward inside of the outer tubular member 16 and is fixed to the
outer tubular member 16 by the crimping section 88 of the outer
tubular member 16.
[0036] Further, the sensor element lead wires 20, 21 and the heater
lead wires 19, 22 are disposed so as to extend through the lead
wire insertion holes 71 of the separator 7 and the lead wire
insertion holes 17 of the elastic seal member 11 and then allowed
to get out from the inside of the inner tubular member 14 and the
outer tubular member 16 to the outside. In the meantime, these four
lead wires 19, 20, 21 and 22 are connected at the outside to
connectors (not shown). Through the connectors is performed
transmission of electrical signals between external devices such as
ECU and the respective lead wires 19, 20, 21 and 22.
[0037] Further, each of the lead wires 19, 20, 21 and 22, though
not shown in detail, is constructed so as to cover a conductor by
an insulating layer made of resin and connected at the rearward end
of the conductive wire to a connector terminal provided to a
connector. The forward end of the conductor of the sensor lead wire
20 is joined together by crimping with the rearward end of a
metallic terminal member 43 that is fitted on the outer surface of
the sensor element 2. The forward end of the sensor lead wire 21 is
joined together by crimping with the rearward end of a metallic
terminal member 44 that is press-fitted in the inner
circumferential periphery of the sensor element 2 and is
electrically connected to the inner electrode layer 27. On the
other hand, the heater lead wires 19, 22 are connected with
respective heater metallic terminal members which are in turn
connected to heating resistors of the ceramic heater 3.
[0038] Then, the position at which the crimping section 75 is
formed, which is an important feature of the present invention,
will be described. In the gas sensor 1 of this embodiment, the
crimping section 75 is adjusted so as to be positioned at the most
forward side of the overlapped section of the forward portion 64 of
the outer tubular member and the forward portion 61 of the inner
tubular member 14. By this, the forward end 64a of the outer
tubular member 16 is crimped against the outer surface of the
forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14, thus enabling
the forward end 64a of the outer tubular member 16 to fittingly
engage or contact the outer surface of the forward portion 61 of
the inner tubular member 14. Thus, a gap or space 90 (refer to
FIGS. 3 and 4) is not formed between the inner surface of the
forward end 64a portion of the outer tubular member 16 and the
outer surface of the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member
14, and therefore salt water is not stored therebetween. Further,
since salt water is not stored, there is no possibility of the
forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 and the forward
portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 being corroded.
[0039] Further, the outer tubular member 16 is 0.8 mm thick and the
inner tubular member 14 is 1.6 mm thick. In this manner, by making
the outer tubular member 16 be thinner than the inner tubular
member 14, it becomes possible to further reduce the springback
phenomenon caused at the crimping section 75. As a result, the
outer tubular member 16 can engage or contact at the crimping
section 75 with the outer surface of the inner tubular member 14
with improved fitness. Further, in case the thickness of the outer
tubular member 16 is in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 mm, it becomes
possible to effectively prevent the surface pressure against the
inner tubular member at the crimping section 75 from being
lowered.
[0040] Further, the Vickers hardness (HV) of the outer tubular
member 16 at the crimping section 75 is 140 and the Vickers
hardness (HV) of the inner tubular member 14 at the crimping
section 75 is 370. In this manner, by constructing the gas sensor 1
so that the Vickers hardness of the outer tubular 16 at the
crimping section 75 is lower than that of the inner tubular member
14 at the crimping section 75, the springback phenomenon caused at
the crimping section 75 can be reduced further and the fitness with
which the outer tubular member 16 is fittingly engaged at the
crimping section 75 with the outer surface of the inner tubular
member 14 can be improved. Further, by using austenite stainless
steel for the outer tubular member 16, reduction in the surface
pressure against the inner tubular member 14 at the crimping
section 75 can be effectively prevented.
[0041] Then, in order to recognize a variation in the effect
depending upon a variation in the forming position of the crimping
section 75, the following two evaluation tests were conducted. By
the first evaluation test, it was evaluated a variation in the
shape of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16
depending upon a variation in the forming position of the crimping
section 75. By the second evaluation test, it was analyzed by the
FEM analysis a variation in the surface pressure against the
forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 at the crimping
section 75 depending upon a variation in the forming position of
the crimping section 75.
[0042] Firstly, the first evaluation test will be described. In the
first evaluation test, a plurality of examples of the gas sensor 1
before crimping of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular
member 16 were prepared. The crimping work of the forward portion
64 of each example was performed in such a manner that the examples
differ in the forming position of the crimping section 75 from each
other but the forming positions were included in the overlying part
of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 and the
forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14. Then, it was
evaluated that the forward end shape of the forward portion 64 of
the outer tubular member 16 at the overlying part of each of the
examples. In the meantime, in the description that will be made
hereinafter, the position of the forward end of the crimping
section 75 is referred to as a crimp forward end position P. By
adjusting variously the distance by which the crimp forward end
position P and the forward end 64a of the forward portion 64 of the
outer tubular member 16 are placed apart from each other, the
forming position of the crimping section 75 was adjusted.
[0043] Then, the shape of the forward portion 64 of the outer
tubular member 16 at the overlying part of each example will be
described. For example, in case as shown in FIG. 2, the distance
between the crimp forward end position P and the forward end 64a of
the outer tubular member 16 is 0 (zero) mm, a skirt section 70
(refer to FIG. 3) which will be described in later is not formed.
On the other hand, in case as shown in FIG. 3, the distance between
the crimp forward end position P and the forward end 64a of the
outer tubular member 16 is 0.9 mm, the skirt section 70 is formed
at the forward side of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular
member 16, in which the forward end 64a is caused to flare a
little. The axial length of the skirt section 70 is equal to the
distance between the crimp forward end position P and the forward
end 64a of the outer tubular member 16, i.e., 0.9 mm. Further,
inside the skirt section 70 is formed a space or gap 90 of a nearly
ring-shaped cross section.
[0044] Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, in case the forming
position of the crimping section 75 is moved axially rearward in
such a manner that the distance between the crimp forward end
position P and the forward end 64a of the outer tubular member 16
is 2.2 mm or 3.3 mm, the axial length of the skirt section 70 is
increased to be 2.2 mm or 3.3 mm. In response to this, the axial
length of the gap 90 is increased. Then, as shown in FIG. 6, the
forming position of the crimping section 75 is moved so as to be
placed at the most rearward section or the section adjacent thereto
of the overlying part of the forward portion 64 of the outer
tubular member 16 and the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular
member 14 in such a manner that the distance between the crimp
forward end position P and the forward end 64a of the outer tubular
member 16 is 4.3 mm, the length of the skirt section 70 is
increased further to be 4.3 mm. In response to this, the axial
length of the gap 90 is increased further.
[0045] In this manner, as the forming position of the crimping
section 75 is moved axially rearward, the axial length of the skirt
section 70 formed at the forward side of the forward portion 64 of
the outer tubular member 16 is increased. Further, when the skirt
section 70 is increased in the axial length, the gap 90 is
increased in the axial length so that the amount of salt water
stored in the gap 90 is increased. In this instance, since a
chemical reaction is liable to be caused between the outer surface
of the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 and the
inner surface of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member
16, it is supposed that there is caused a high possibility of the
forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 and the forward
portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 being corroded.
Accordingly, as in this embodiment, by adjusting so that the
forming position of the crimping section 75 is placed at the most
forward side of the overlying part of the forward portion 64 of the
outer tubular member 16 and the forward portion 61 of the inner
tubular member 14, the skirt section 70 otherwise formed at the
forward side of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member
16 can be eliminated as shown in FIG. 2 or can be made smaller,
while at the same time the gap 90 can be eliminated or made
smaller, thus making it possible to prevent corrosion of the
forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 and the forward
portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16.
[0046] Then, the second evaluation test will be described. In the
second evaluation test, in case the forming position of the
crimping section 75 is varied in the range of the overlying part of
the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 and the
forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14, the surface
pressure applied from the crimping section 75 against the outer
surface of the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 is
evaluated by the FEM analysis.
[0047] Herein, the FEM analysis will be described. First, SUS430 is
used for both of the inner tubular member 14 and the outer tubular
member 16. The forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14
and the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 before
crimping are shaped so that the forward portion 61 of the inner
tubular member 14 is 13.8 mm in outer diameter and 12.2 mm in inner
diameter and the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16
is 15.1 mm in outer diameter and 14.3 mm in inner diameter.
Further, after crimping, the outer diameter of the forward portion
64 of the outer tubular member 16 is 13.65 mm. Namely, it is
calculated the surface pressure against the outer surface of the
forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 at the crimping
section 75 when the crimping is performed until the forward portion
64 of the outer tubular member 16 is reduced to 13.65 mm. Further,
the number of examples for the evaluation is eleven in total, in
which examples the axial lengths of the skirt sections 70 are
varied from 0 to 5.2 mm, respectively. On the basis of the analysis
condition, the relation between the axial length of the skirt
section 70 and the surface pressure in each of the examples was
obtained.
[0048] Then, the result of the FEM analysis will be described. In
the meantime, the surface pressure relative to the axial length of
the skirt section 70 is represented by the ratio when the surface
pressure obtained by calculation in case the axial length of the
skirt section is 3.3 mm is determined as 1 (one). As shown in FIG.
7, in case, for example, the ratio is 2.5 when the length of the
skirt section 70 is 0 mm (refer to FIG. 2), 2.2 when 0.9 mm (refer
to FIG. 2), 1.3 when 2.2 mm (refer to FIG. 4, and 0.9 when 4.3 mm
(refer to FIG. 6), i.e., the ratio is generally represented by an
S-like curve that descends as it goes rightward. The surface
pressure is lowered sharply when the axial length of the skirt
section 70 exceeds 1 mm, changes in a way as to be presented by
curved lines when the axial length of the skirt section 70 is 1.3
mm and 1.5 mm, and has a tendency to decrease gradually when the
axial length of the skirt section 70 exceeds 3 mm.
[0049] In the meantime, it is considered that the surface pressure
is lowered for the following reason. The forward portion 64 of the
outer tubular member 16, when crimped, receives the same effect as
a sheet of metal that is forcedly bent. By this, when the pressure
is released immediately after crimping, there is caused in the
forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 a springback
phenomenon, i.e., the crimping section 75 springs back being pulled
by the skirt section 70. Accordingly, the crimping section 70
expands radially outward a little in its entirety, and it is
supposed that for such reason, the surface pressure applied by the
crimping section 75 against the outer surface of the forward
portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 is lowered. From the
result of the above-described analysis, it is revealed that the
more the surface pressure at the crimping section 75 decreases, the
more the axial length of the skirt section 70 increases, and
therefore it is assumed that the fitness in contact between the
crimping section 75 and the outer surface of the forward portion 61
can be improved when the forming position of the crimping section
75 is adjusted so that the axial length of the skirt section 70 is
1.5 mm or less (preferably 1.3 mm or more preferably 1.0 mm).
[0050] As having been described, in the gas sensor of this
embodiment, the forming position of the crimping section 75 is
adjusted so as to be located at the most forward side of the
overlying part of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular
member 16 and the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member
14. More specifically, the crimp forward end position P that is the
forward end of the crimping section 75 and the forward end 64a of
the outer tubular member 16 are adjusted so as be disposed at the
same position (i.e., the distance therebetween is 0 mm). By this,
the forward end 64a of the outer tubular member 16 is crimped
against the outer surface of the forward portion 61 of the inner
tubular member 14 such that the forward and 64a of the outer
tubular member 16 can be fittingly engaged with the outer surface
of the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14. Further,
since there is not formed any space between the inner surface of
the forward end 64a of the outer tubular member 16 and the outer
surface of the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14,
salt water is not stored at any place and therefore the inner
tubular member 14 and the outer tubular member 16 has no
possibility of being corroded.
[0051] Further, in case the forming position of the crimping
section 75 is moved rearwardly away from the forward end 46a of the
outer tubular member 16, the skirt section 70 is formed at the
forward end of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member
16. This skirt section 70 is causative of the springback phenomenon
at the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16. However,
by forming the crimping section 75 at the most forward side of the
overlying part of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular
member 16 and the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14
in this embodiment, such a skirt section 70 is not formed. By this,
the springback phenomenon can be avoided, and it becomes possible
to prevent the fitness in contact between the crimping section 75
and the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14 from
being lowered.
[0052] In the meantime, the sensor and the gas sensor of this
invention are not limited to the above-described embodiment but
various modification and variations thereof are possible. Namely
while in the above-described embodiment, the skirt section 70
otherwise formed at the forward side of the forward portion 64 of
the outer tubular member 16 is eliminated by forming the crimping
section 75 at the most forward side of the overlying part of the
forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 and the forward
portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14, it will suffice that the
distance between the forward end 64a of the outer tubular member 16
and the crimp forward end position P that indicates the forward end
of the crimping section 75 is at least 1.5 mm or less.
[0053] Further, while the above-described embodiment is adapted not
to form the skirt section 70 by disposing the forming position of
the crimping section 75 at the most forward side of the overlying
part of the forward portion 64 of the outer tubular member 16 and
the forward portion 61 of the inner tubular member 14, it will
suffice that, for example, the skirt section 70 may be cut off
after the crimping section 75 is formed.
[0054] Further, in this embodiment, there is no particular
limitation about the width of crimp of the crimping section 75.
[0055] Further, while in the above-described embodiment the outer
tubular member 16 and the inner tubular member 14 are fixed by the
crimping section 75, this is not for the purpose of limitation but
the axially central portion of the crimping section 75 may be
processed by laser welding after the crimping section 75 is
formed.
[0056] Further, while in the above-described embodiment the
crimping section 75 is provided at the place where the outer
tubular member 16 and the inner tubular member 14 are directly in
contact with each other, this is not for the purpose of limitation
but the present invention may be applied to a gas sensor 100 shown
in FIG. 8.
[0057] The gas sensor 100 according to a second embodiment includes
a sensor element 102 in the form of an axially extending plate, a
metallic housing 105 holding the sensor element 102 therewithin, an
inner tubular member 114 connected to a rearward end of the
metallic housing 105, and an outer tubular member 116 disposed
coaxially with the inner tubular member 114 and having disposed
therewithin a rearward side of the inner tubular member 114.
[0058] The sensor element 102 includes a detection element 128 for
detecting a particular gas component in a measurement gas and a
ceramic heater 103, which are formed integral with each other and
having a structure known in the art. The metallic housing 105 has a
threaded portion 166 for attachment of the gas sensor 100 to an
exhaust pipe and a hexagonal portion 193 engaged with an attachment
tool at the time of attachment of the gas sensor 100 to the exhaust
pipe. With a shoulder portion 154 of the metallic housing 105 is
engaged a support member 151 made of alumina. The sensor element
102 is fixed to the support member 151 by a glass seal 152.
[0059] Further, to the forward end of the metallic housing 105 are
fixed double metallic protectors 181 and 182 covering the forward
end portion of the sensor element protruding from the metallic
housing 105 and having a plurality of gas inlet holes (no
numeral).
[0060] Then, the inner tubular member 114 will be described. The
inner tubular member 114 is inserted at the forward side thereof
into the rearward side of the metallic housing 105. Further, the
inner tubular member 114 is formed with, at an axially intermediate
portion thereof a shoulder portion 183, at a forward side of the
shoulder portion 183 a smaller-diameter portion or forward portion
161 and at a rearward side of the shoulder portion 183 a larger
diameter portion or rearward portion 162. The shoulder portion 183
connects between the forward portion 161 and the rearward portion
162. Further, the rearward portion 162 is formed with a plurality
of air inlet holes 167 arranged at predetermined circumferential
intervals.
[0061] Further, at the inside of the forward portion 161 of the
inner tubular member 114 is disposed a hollow, nearly cylindrical
separator 107. The separator 107 has inserted thereinto connection
terminals 143 (only two are shown in FIG. 8) connected to sensor
element lead wires 120, 121 and heater lead wires 119, 122. On the
other hand, inside the rearward portion 162 of the inner tubular
member 114 is disposed an elastic seal member 111 made of
fluororubber having a good heat resistance or the like. This
elastic seal member 111 is formed with four lead wire insertion
holes 117 extending axially therethrough.
[0062] The outer tubular member 116 is crimped radially inward
against the inner tubular member 114. More specifically, as shown
in FIG. 9, the outer tubular member 116 has at the rearward side of
the filter 168 a crimping section 156 crimped directly against the
inner tubular member 114, at the rearward side of the air inlet
holes 184 a crimping section 157 crimped against the inner tubular
member 114 by way of the filter 168, and at the forward side of the
air inlet holes 184 a crimping section 175 crimped against the
inner tubular member 114 by way of the filter 168.
[0063] The distance between the crimp forward end position that is
the position of the forward end of the crimping section 175 and the
forward end of the outer tubular member 116 is 1.5 mm or less. By
disposing the forward end of the crimping section 175 so as to be
axially apart from forward end of the outer tubular member 116 by
1.5 mm or less, a space or gap is not formed between the crimping
section 175 and the outer surface of the rearward portion 162 of
the inner tubular member 114, so that salt water is not stored at
any place and there is not caused any possibility of the inner
tubular member 114 and the outer tubular member 116 being corroded.
Further, it becomes possible to prevent the fitness in engagement
between the crimping section 175 and the rearward portion 162 of
the inner tubular member 114 from being lowed.
[0064] Further, the axial distance t1 between the forward end of
the outer tubular member 116 and the forward end of the filter 168
is set at 0.2 mm. By setting the axial distance t1 between the
forward end of the outer tubular member 116 and the forward end of
the filter 168 at 0.3 mm or less, the axial length from the forward
end of the filter 168 to the forward end of the outer tubular
member 116 can be reduced to a desirably small value. Accordingly,
the space or gap that is formed at the forward side of the filter
168 and between the forward end of the outer tubular member 116 and
the forward end of the inner tubular member 114 can be made
smaller, so that it becomes possible to prevent the inner tubular
member 114 and the outer tubular member 116 from being corroded by
salt water stored therebetween and the detection accuracy of the
gas sensor 100 from being lowered.
[0065] Further, the axial distance t2 between the shoulder portion
183 of the inner tubular member 114 and the forward end of the
outer tubular member 116 is set at 0.6 mm. By setting, in this
manner, the axial distance t2 between the inner shoulder portion
183 and the forward end of the outer tubular member 116 at 0.5 mm
or more, the axial length from the forward end of the outer tubular
member 116 to the shoulder portion 183 can be set at a desirably
large value. Accordingly, it becomes possible to prevent salt water
from being held between the forward end of the outer tubular member
116 and the shoulder portion 183 by the effect of surface tension
for a long period of time. Thus, it becomes possible to prevent the
inner tubular member 114 and the outer tubular member 116 from
being corroded by stored salt water and the detection accuracy of
the sensor from being lowered.
[0066] Further, a sensor according to a variation of the second
embodiment is shown in FIG. 10. This variation differs from the
embodiment of FIGS. 8 and 9 only in the position of the filter, so
that only a different portion is shown in FIG. 10.
[0067] Outside the rearward portion 162 of the inner tubular member
114 is disposed a tubular filter 168 for preventing entrance of
water through the air inlet holes 167. Further, the outer tubular
member 116 is disposed in a way as to cover the peripheries of the
filter 168 and the rearward portion 162 of the inner tubular member
114. The outer tubular member 116 is also formed with, at the
corresponding position to the filter 168, a plurality of air inlet
holes 184 arranged at predetermined circumferential intervals.
[0068] The forward end of the filter 168 is disposed more forward
than the forward end of the outer tubular member 116. Since the
forward end of the filter 168 protrudes from the forward end of the
outer tubular member 116, a space or gap between the forward end of
the outer tubular member 114 that is disposed more forward than the
forward end of the filter 168 can be eliminated, thus making it
possible to prevent the inner tubular member 114 and the outer
tubular member 116 from being corroded by stored salt water and the
detection accuracy of the gas sensor 100 from being
deteriorated.
[0069] From the foregoing, it will be understood that according to
the present invention the forward end of the crimping section is
disposed at a distance of 1.5 mm or less from the forward end of
the outer tubular member, so that the axial distance between the
forward end of the crimping section and the forward end of the
outer tubular member can be reduced to a desirably small value.
Accordingly, the space or gap between the forward side of the outer
tubular member and the forward side of the inner tubular member can
be eliminated or smaller, thus making it possible to prevent the
inner tubular member and the outer tubular member from being
corroded by stored salt water and the detection accuracy of the
sensor from being lowered. Further, the springback phenomenon of
the crimping section of the outer tubular member can be reduced. By
this, decrease in the surface pressure applied from the crimping
section against the inner tubular member can be prevented, thus
making it possible to improve the fitness in engagement of the
forward end of the crimping section with the outer surface of the
inner tubular member. In the meantime, if the axial distance of the
forward end of the crimping section from the forward end of the
outer tubular member exceeds 1.5 mm, the above-described effect
cannot be obtained.
[0070] Further, from the point of view of corrosion prevention for
the inner tubular member and outer tubular member, it is desirable
that the distance between the crimp forward end of the crimping
section and the forward end of the outer tubular member is 0 (zero)
mm. However, there may possibly occur such a case in which during
crimping for forming the crimping section, a crimping tool is moved
so as to protrude axially more forward than the forward end of the
outer tubular member so that the axial width of the resulting
crimping section becomes smaller than desired. Thus, for forming
the crimping section of a desired width assuredly, it is preferable
that the forward end of the crimping section is disposed axially
apart from the forward end of the outer tubular member by a
distance of 0.3 mm or more.
[0071] It will further be understood that by disposing the forward
end of the crimping section so as be axially apart from the forward
end of the outer tubular member by a distance of 1.3 mm or less,
deterioration of the detection accuracy of the sensor can be
prevented further, and the fitness in engagement of the forward end
of the crimping section with the outer surface of the inner tubular
member can be improved further. Further, by disposing the forward
end of the crimping section so as to be axially apart from the
forward end of the outer tubular member by a distance of 1.0 mm or
less, the detection accuracy of the sensor can be improved more
effectively and the fitness in engagement of the forward end of the
crimping section with the outer surface of the inner tubular member
can be improved more effectively.
[0072] It will further be understood that the above-described
effects of the present invention can be attained even by the sensor
adapted to detect a gas component of a measurement gas by a
detection section that is disposed at a forward side thereof.
[0073] It will be further understood that according to the present
invention, the outer tubular member is thinner than the inner
tubular member, so that the springback phenomenon caused at the
crimping section of the outer tubular member can be reduced
further. Thus, it becomes possible to further prevent decrease in
the surface pressure applied from the crimping section against the
outer surface of the inner tubular member and therefore improve the
fitness in engagement of the forward end of the crimping section
with the outer surface of the inner tubular member. In the
meantime, if the outer tubular member is thicker than the inner
tubular member, the above-described effect cannot be obtained.
[0074] It will be further understood that in case thickness of the
outer tubular member is in the range from 0.3 to 0.8 mm, it becomes
possible to effectively prevent the surface pressure applied from
the crimping section to the inner tubular member from being
decreased. In the meantime, if the thickness is less than 0.3 mm,
there is a possibility that the strength of the outer tubular
member may become less than desired. If the thickness exceeds 0.8
mm, the above-described effect cannot be obtained.
[0075] It will be further understood that the Vickers hardness of
the outer tubular member at the crimping section is lower than that
of the inner tubular member at the crimping section, so that the
springback phenomenon at the crimping section of the outer tubular
member can be reduced further. Thus, it becomes possible to prevent
decrease in the surface pressure applied from the crimping section
against the inner tubular member and improve the fitness in
engagement of the forward end of the crimping section with the
outer surface of the inner tubular member.
[0076] It will be further understood that the outer tubular member
is preferably formed of austenite stainless steel. By using
austenite stainless steel for the outer tubular member, decrease in
the surface pressure applied against the inner tubular member from
the crimping section can be prevented more effectively.
[0077] It will be further understood that it is preferable to apply
the present invention to such a gas sensor in which an inner
tubular member and an outer tubular member are formed with one or
more air inlet holes for introducing air into the inner tubular
member, a filter is disposed at the place corresponding in position
to the air inlet holes of the inner tubular member and the outer
tubular member, and the crimping section is formed more forward
than the filter.
[0078] It will be further understood that it is preferable to apply
the present invention to such a gas sensor in which an inner
tubular member is formed with one or more air inlet holes for
introducing air thereinto, a filter is disposed so as to cover the
air inlet holes, and the crimping section is formed so as to
interpose the filter between the inner tubular member and the
crimping section.
[0079] It will be further understood that by disposing the forward
end of the inner tubular member and the forward end of the filter
so as to be axially apart from each other by a distance of 0.3 mm
or less according to the present invention, the axial length from
the forward end of the filter to the forward end of the outer
tubular member can be reduced to a desirably small value.
Accordingly, the space that is formed at the forward side of the
filter and between the forward end of the outer tubular member and
the forward end of the inner tubular member can be small or can be
eliminated, thus making it possible to prevent corrosion of the
inner tubular member and the outer tubular member due to salt water
stored therebetween and deterioration of the detection accuracy of
the sensor. In the meantime, if the axial distance between the
forward end of the outer tubular member and the forward end of the
filter exceeds 0.3 mm, the above-described effect cannot be
obtained.
[0080] It will be further understood that by disposing the forward
end of the filter more forward than the forward end of the outer
tubular member, it becomes possible to prevent a space from being
formed between the forward end of the outer tubular member and the
outer surface of the inner tubular member, thus making it possible
to prevent corrosion of the inner tubular member and the outer
tubular member due to salt water stored therebetween and
deterioration of the detection accuracy of the sensor.
[0081] It will be further understood that by setting, in case the
inner tubular member has the shoulder portion between the smaller
diameter portion and the larger diameter portion, the axial
distance between the forward end of the outer tubular member and
the shoulder portion at 0.5 mm or more, the axial length from the
forward end of the outer tubular member to the shoulder portion can
be made desirably large. Thus, it becomes possible to prevent salt
water from being stored between the forward end of the outer
tubular member and the shoulder by the effect of the surface
tension of salt water for a long period of time. Thus, it become
possible to prevent corrosion of the inner tubular member and the
outer tubular member due to salt water stored therebetween and
deterioration of the detection accuracy of the sensor.
[0082] It will be further understood that the present invention is
not limited to a gas sensor such as an oxygen sensor but can be
applied to various kinds of sensors.
[0083] The entire contents of Japanese Patent Applications
P2005-364770 (filed Dec. 19, 2005) and P2006-283198 (filed Oct. 18,
2006) are incorporated herein by reference.
[0084] Although the invention has been described above by reference
to a certain embodiment of the invention, the invention is not
limited to the embodiment described above. Modifications and
variations of the embodiments described above will occur to those
skilled in the art, in light of the above teachings. The scope of
the invention is defined with reference to the following
claims.
* * * * *