U.S. patent application number 10/563191 was filed with the patent office on 2007-06-21 for multicomponent packaging with static micromixer.
Invention is credited to Gerhard Schanz, Gerhard Sendelbach.
Application Number | 20070140042 10/563191 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38173269 |
Filed Date | 2007-06-21 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070140042 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Schanz; Gerhard ; et
al. |
June 21, 2007 |
Multicomponent packaging with static micromixer
Abstract
The packaging system has two storage chambers for separately
storing two components and a static micromixer for mixing them to
prepare a formulation. The static micromixer is provided with
plural disks (1) arranged in a stack. Each disk (1) has at least
one inlet opening (2) for a feed stream, which is connected via a
linking channel (3) with at least one outlet opening (4) for
outflow of the feed stream into a mixing zone (5). The linking
channel (3) is divided into two or more part channels (7) by
microstructure units (6). Each part channel has a respective width
that is smaller than a width of the mixing zone (5). A method of
in-situ preparation of a formulation by mixing the components in
the packaging system is also described.
Inventors: |
Schanz; Gerhard; (Darmstadt,
DE) ; Sendelbach; Gerhard; (Darmstadt, DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
Striker Striker & Stenby
103 East Neck Road
Huntington
NY
11743
US
|
Family ID: |
38173269 |
Appl. No.: |
10/563191 |
Filed: |
June 4, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
June 4, 2004 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/EP04/06041 |
371 Date: |
July 24, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
366/130 ;
206/219 |
Current CPC
Class: |
B01F 5/0475 20130101;
B01F 13/002 20130101; B01F 13/0066 20130101; B01F 13/0064 20130101;
B01F 15/00935 20130101; B01F 2215/0431 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
366/130 ;
206/219 |
International
Class: |
B65D 25/08 20060101
B65D025/08 |
Claims
1-19. (canceled)
20. A packaging system for in-situ preparation of a formulation
from at least two constituents, in which said at least two
constituents are separately stored until said formulation is
prepared, wherein said packaging system comprises at least two
separate storage chambers for storing said at least two
constituents separately and at least one static micromixer for
mixing said at least two constituents to prepare the formulation;
wherein said at least one static micromixer comprises at least one
component in the form of a disk (1); wherein said disk (1) is
provided with at least one inlet opening (2) disposed in a plane of
said disk for introduction of at least one feed stream into a
linking channel (3) and with at least one outlet opening (4)
disposed in the plane of said disk for outflow of the feed stream
into a mixing zone (5), said at least one inlet opening (2) being
connected with said at least one outlet opening (4) in a
communicating manner via said linking channel (3) which is disposed
in the plane of said disk; and wherein said linking channel (3) is
divided by microstructure units (6) into two or more part channels
(7) before opening into the mixing zone (5), and each of the part
channels has a respective width in a millimeter to sub-millimeter
range and said width is smaller than a width of the mixing zone
(5).
21. The packaging system as defined in claim 20, wherein the static
micromixer comprises a system for conveying the constituents that
are kept separated until preparation of the formulation and the
static micromixer comprises a housing (11) with at least two feed
stream inlets (12a) for introduction of respective feeds to be
mixed and with at least one product stream outlet (16) for a
product stream.
22. The packaging system as defined in claim 21, wherein the static
micromixer comprises a plurality of said disks (1) arranged in a
stack in which said disks are superposed over each other so that
subsidiary channels communicating with said at least two feed
stream inlets (12a) are formed by said at least one inlet opening
(2) of each of said disks and the mixing zones (5) of said disks
together form a main channel connected with the at least one
product stream outlet (16) for carrying away a mixed product, and
wherein the main channel and the subsidiary channels extend through
said stack of said disks.
23. The packaging system as defined in claim 20, wherein the width
of each of the part channels (7) is from 1 .mu.m to 2 mm at an
opening thereof into said mixing zone (5); and/or a ratio of a
largest width of the linking channel (3) and/or a width of the at
least one inlet opening (2) to the width of each of the part
channels (7) is greater than 2; and/or a ratio of a length of each
of the part channels (7) to the width of each of the part channels
(7) is from 1:1 to 20:1; and/or a ratio of the width of the mixing
zone (5) to the width of each of the part channels (7) is greater
than 2.
24. The packaging system as defined in claim 20, wherein the at
least one disk (1) additionally has at least one flow-through
opening (9).
25. The packaging system as defined in claim 24, wherein said at
least one inlet opening (2), said at least one flow-through opening
(9) or said mixing zone (5) is enclosed by the plane of said disk,
and the linking channel (3) is formed by an indentation in said
disk.
26. The packaging system as defined in claim 24, wherein said at
least one inlet opening (2), said at least one flow-through opening
(9) or said mixing zone (5) is arranged at an edge of said disk or
as a recess in an edge of said disk.
27. The packaging system as defined in claim 20, wherein said at
least one inlet opening (2) of said disk (1) comprises respective
inlet openings for corresponding fluid streams, and said respective
inlet openings are connected by corresponding linking channels (3)
with said mixing zone (5).
28. The packaging system as defined in claim 20, wherein said at
least one outlet opening (4) comprises respective outlet openings
arranged on a circular line.
29. The packaging system as defined in claim 20, wherein said disk
(1) is provided with additional through-going openings (12) and
with additional part channels (13) that are integrated into the
microstructure units (6) and separated from the part channels
(7).
30. The packaging system as defined in claim 22, wherein either the
linking channels (3) of the disks (1) in said stack are formed by
indentations in the disks and the linking channels (3) are divided
by said microstructure units (6) disposed in the disks (1) into
said part channels (7) prior to opening into the mixing zone (5),
or the linking channels (3) of the disks (1) are formed by recesses
in the disks (1) of said stack, the disks are arranged as
intermediate disks between a cover disk and a bottom disk, and the
linking channels (3) are divided into said part channels (7) by
said microstructure units (6) disposed on the cover disks and/or
bottom disks prior to opening into the mixing zone (5).
31. The packaging system as defined in claim 20, wherein the mixing
zone (5) is filled by a molded element that closes off said at
least one outlet opening (4) in an idle state, and said molded
element is entirely or partly removed from the mixing zone (5)
during operation, thereby entirely or partly opening the at least
one outlet opening (4).
32. An in-situ method of preparing a formulation from at least two
constituents prior to use of the formulation, said method
comprising the steps of: a) providing a packaging system comprising
at least two separate storage chambers for separately storing said
at least two constituents and at least one static micromixer for
mixing said at least two constituents to prepare said formulation;
b) storing said at least two constituents separately in said at
least two separate storage chambers until immediately prior to the
mixing; and c) mixing the at least two constituents to form the
formulation immediately by means of the at least one static
micromixer; wherein said at least one static micromixer is provided
with at least one component in the form of at least one disk (1);
wherein said disk (1) is provided with at least one inlet opening
(2) disposed in a plane of said disk for introduction of at least
one feed stream into a linking channel (3) and with at least one
outlet opening (4) disposed in the plane of said disk for outflow
of the at least one feed stream into a mixing zone (5), said at
least one inlet opening (2) being connected with said at least one
outlet opening (4) in a communicating manner via said linking
channel (3) which is disposed in the plane of said disk; and
wherein said linking channel (3) is divided into two or more part
channels (7) by microstructure units (6) before opening into the
mixing zone (5), and each of the part channels (7) has a respective
width in a millimeter to sub-millimeter range that is smaller than
a width of the mixing zone (5).
33. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein the at least one
feed stream has a flow rate into the mixing zone (5) that is
greater than a flow rate of a product stream within the mixing zone
(5).
34. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein the formulation is a
microemulsion or a nanoemulsion.
35. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein the static
micromixer comprises a system for conveying the constituents that
are kept separated until preparation of the formulation and the
static micromixer comprises a housing (11) with at least two feed
stream inlets (12a) for introduction of respective feeds to be
mixed and with at least one product stream outlet (16) for a
product stream.
36. The method as defined in claim 35, wherein the static
micromixer comprises a plurality of said disks (1) arranged in a
stack in which said disks are superposed over each other so that
subsidiary channels communicating with said at least two feed
stream inlets (12a) are formed by said at least one inlet opening
(2) of each of said disks and the mixing zones (5) of said disks
together form a main channel connected with the at least one
product stream outlet (16) for carrying away a mixed product, and
wherein the main channel and the subsidiary channels extend through
said stack of said disks.
37. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein the width of each of
the part channels (7) is from 1 .mu.m to 2 mm at an opening thereof
into said mixing zone (5); and/or a ratio of a largest width of the
linking channel (3) and/or a width of the at least one inlet
opening (2) to the width of each of the part channels (7) is
greater than 2; and/or a ratio of a length of each of the part
channels (7) to the width of each of the part channels (7) is from
1:1 to 20:1; and/or a ratio of the width of the mixing zone (5) to
the width of each of the part channels (7) is greater than 2.
38. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein the at least one
disk (1) additionally has at least one flow-through opening
(9).
39. The method as defined in claim 38, wherein said at least one
inlet opening (2), said at least one flow-through opening (9) or
said mixing zone (5) is enclosed by the plane of said disk, and the
linking channel (3) is formed by an indentation in said disk.
40. The method as defined in claim 38, wherein said at least one
inlet opening (2), said at least one flow-through opening (9) or
said mixing zone (5) is arranged at an edge of said disk or as a
recess in an edge of said disk.
41. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein said at least one
inlet opening (2) of said disk (1) comprises respective inlet
openings for corresponding fluid streams, and said respective inlet
openings are connected by corresponding linking channels (3) with
said mixing zone (5).
42. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein said at least one
outlet opening (4) comprises respective outlet openings arranged on
a circular line.
43. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein said disk (1) is
provided with additional through-going openings (12) and with
additional part channels (13) that are integrated into the
microstructure units (6) and separated from the part channels
(7).
44. The method as defined in claim 34, wherein either the linking
channels (3) of the disks (1) in said stack are formed by
indentations in the disks and the linking channels (3) are divided
by said microstructure units (6) disposed in the disks (1) into
said part channels (7) prior to opening into the mixing zone (5),
or the linking channels (3) of the disks (1) are formed by recesses
in the disks (1) of said stack, the disks are arranged as
intermediate disks between a cover disk and a bottom disk, and the
linking channels (3) are divided into said part channels (7) by
said microstructure units (6) disposed on the cover disks and/or
bottom disks prior to opening into the mixing zone (5).
45. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein the mixing zone (5)
is filled by a molded element that closes off said at least one
outlet opening (4) in an idle state, and said molded element is
entirely or partly removed from the mixing zone (5) during
operation, thereby entirely or partly opening the at least one
outlet opening (4).
46. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein one of the at least
two constituents is a single aqueous liquid phase and the other is
a single hydrophobic liquid phase or a liquid phase containing a
water-sensitive substance; or the at least two constituents
comprise substances that react chemically or physically modify
mixture consistence when coming into contact with each other.
47. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein said formulation is
at least one member selected from the group consisting of
colorants, adhesives, foodstuffs, pharmaceutical agents, cosmetic
agents, building materials, cleaning agents.
48. The method as defined in claim 32, wherein said formulation is
an emulsion-forming preparation and wherein said emulsion-forming
preparation contains at least one hair-care active constituent, at
least one skin-care cosmetic active constituent, at least one
dermatological or pharmaceutical active constituent, hair-firming
agent, at least one hair colorant or at least one permanent wave
agent.
49. A static micromixer for mixing two or more constituents to form
a mixture immediately prior to use of the mixture, said static
micromixer comprising at least one component in the form of a disk
(1), and wherein said disk (1) is provided with at least one inlet
opening (2) disposed in a plane of said disk for introduction of at
least one feed stream into a linking channel (3) and with at least
one outlet opening (4) disposed in the plane of said disk for
outflow of the at least one feed stream into a mixing zone (5),
said at least one inlet opening (2) is connected with said at least
one outlet opening (4) in a communicating manner via said linking
channel (3) which is disposed in the plane of said disk; and
wherein said linking channel (3) is divided by microstructure units
(6) into two or more part channels (7) before opening into the
mixing zone (5), and each of the part channels (7) has a respective
width in a millimeter to sub-millimeter range that is smaller than
a width of the mixing zone (5).
Description
[0001] The object of the invention is a packaging system with at
least two separate storage chambers for in-situ preparation of
formulations with at least two constituents that must be kept
separated until they are used and with an integrated static
micromixer with special disk-shaped mixer components.
[0002] With application products consisting of several substances,
there often exists the risk that the products are not stable over a
longer period of time, because some of the ingredients can undergo
undesirable reactions with one another. For this reason, the
products contain the most varried additives. The additives have the
drawback that they make the product more expensive, that they can
affect the application properties in an undesirable manner and, in
particular, that they can cause side effects. To avoid these
problems, the products can be offered in the form of multicomponent
preparations wherein the incompatible ingredients are kept in
different components which are mixed only just before use.
Multicomponent preparations are also used in other applications for
which suitable derivatives or precursors of the actual active
ingredients are contained in a first formulation, and the active
ingredients are released or formed only after said first
formulation is mixed with a second formulation. Such applications
are, for example, the delayed release or formation of
pharmaceutical or cosmetic active ingredients, the formation of
oxidation hair dyes from dye precursors and oxidants or the delayed
curing of adhesives or trowelling compositions after the addition
of appropriate curing agents.
[0003] For use, multicomponent preparations are often dispensed
from separated packages or separated storage chambers of a single
package and then mixed by shaking or manual agitation. Another
possibility consists of conveying the separate formulations to a
common dispensing opening through a suitable conveying system
provided with appropriate means for mixing the components. These
systems often present the drawback that the quality, consistency or
efficacy of the mixture is unsatisfactory. In the case of viscous
media, nonhomogeneities can arise and in the case of liquid,
nonviscous media, in particular, the formation of finely dispersed
mixtures such as emulsions or microemulsions is often not
possible.
[0004] WO 00/54890, WO 00/54735 and SOFW-Journal 128, vol. 11-2002,
page 55, describe the use of static micromixers for in-situ mixing
of cosmetic or pharmaceutical formulations just before use. The
micromixer systems to be used are described in DE 195 11 603 (WO
96/30113), DE 197 46 583 (WO 99/20379), DE 197 46 584 (WO
99/20382), DE 197 46 585 (WO 99/20906) and DE 198 54 096 (WO
60/31422). The mixing process is based on guiding the components
through repeatedly intersecting channels and subjecting said
components to multiple shearing conditions of the communicating
channels in the micromixer. Here, the difference in viscosity of
the media to be mixed is critical: the greater this difference the
worse is the emulsification process. In particular, it is difficult
to obtain good emulsions when viscous oils are used. The described
mixing systems have relatively long mixing paths in which, in the
resting position, the incompletely or partly mixed constituents
remain, which in case of incompatibilities of the constituents is
disadvantageous. Moreover, the relatively long micro-channels cause
a relatively high pressure drop which must be compensated for by
use of increased forces for the conveying of the constituents
through the mixing system.
[0005] It is therefore desirable to provide additional,
particularly improved systems for mixing two or more constituents
just before use.
[0006] This objective is reached by way of a packaging system with
at least two separate storage chambers for in-situ preparation of
formulations consisting of at least two constituents that must be
kept separated from one another until they are used. The packaging
system is provided with at least one static micromixer containing
at least one component in the form of a disk and wherein the disk
[0007] has at least one inlet opening for the inflow of at least
one feed stream into a linking channel disposed in the plane of the
disk and at least one outlet opening for the outflow of the feed
stream into a mixing zone disposed in the plane of the disk, [0008]
wherein the inlet opening is linked with the outlet openings in a
communicating manner by a linking channel disposed in the plane of
the disk and [0009] wherein the linking channel before entering the
mixing zone is divided by microstructure units into two or more
part channels, the widths of the part channels being in the
millimeter to submillimeter range and being smaller than the width
of the mixing zone (5).
[0010] In the following, by the term "fluid" is meant a gaseous or
liquid substance or a mixture of such substances that contains one
or more dissolved or dispersed solid, liquid or gaseous substances.
The term "mixing" comprises the processes of dissolving, dispersing
and emulsifying. Hence, the term "mixture" comprises solutions,
liquid-liquid emulsions, gas-liquid emulsions and solid-liquid
dispersions.
[0011] The term "part channels" also includes division of the feed
stream into part streams by built-in microstructure parts just
before the outflow of said feed stream into the mixing zone. The
dimensions, particularly the lengths and widths of these built-in
parts, can be in the range of millimeters or preferably smaller
than 1 mm. The part channels are preferably shortened to the length
that is absolutely needed for flow control and, hence, for a
certain throughput they require relatively low pressures. The part
channels preferably do not intersect. The length-to-width ratio of
the part channels is preferably in the range from 1:1 to 20:1,
particularly from 8:1 to 12:1, and most preferably about 10:1. The
built-in microstructure parts are preferably configured in such a
way that the flow rate of the feed stream at the outlet into the
mixing zone is greater than at the inlet into the linking channel
and preferably also greater than the flow rate of the product
stream through the mixing zone.
[0012] The linking channels and part channels disposed on the disks
can be provided in free form. The disks as well as each channel
disposed thereon can vary in height, width and thickness so that
they are also able to convey different media and different
quantities. The basic shape of the disks can be of any desired
kind. For example it can be round, for example circular, or else
elliptical or angular, for example rectangular or square. The disk
shape can also be optimized in terms of simple fabrication or in
terms of minimum weight or minimum unused surface. The outlets of
the part channels can be arranged in any desired manner from a
straight line to any geometric form. For example, the outlet
openings can be arranged on a circular line, particularly when the
mixing zone is completely enclosed by the disk plane. Two or more
than two constituents (A, B, C etc) can be conveyed in a disk and
mixed in identical or different quantitative ratios. The part
channels can be disposed at any angle to each other or relative to
the line on which the outlets into the mixing zone are disposed.
Several part channels, each conveying, for example, constituent A,
can be arranged side by side, and in the adjacent section of the
same disk there can be arranged side by side several part channels
conveying, for example, constituent B. The constituents can,
however, by means of additional through-holes and additional part
channels, be configured so that constituents A, B etc alternate
from part channel to part channel in the same disk.
[0013] At their entrance to the mixing zone, the part channels
preferably have a width in the range from 1 .mu.m to 2 mm and a
depth in the range from 10 .mu.m to 10 mm and most preferably a
width in the range from 5 .mu.m to 250 .mu.m and a depth in the
range from 250 .mu.m to 5 mm.
[0014] The linking channel can have a variable width. Preferably,
the ratio of the greatest width of the linking channel and/or the
width of the inlet opening to the width of the part channels at
their outlet into the mixing zone is greater than 2 and most
preferably greater than 5. The ratio of the width of the mixing
zone to the width of the part channels is preferably greater than 2
and most preferably greater than 5.
[0015] The disk-shaped components can be from 10 to 1000 .mu.m
thick. The height of the channels is preferably less than 1000
.mu.m and most preferably less than 250 .mu.m. The wall thickness
of the built-in microstructure components and of the channel bottom
is preferably less than 100 .mu.m and most preferably less than 70
.mu.m.
[0016] In a particular embodiment, at least one of the inlet or
outlet openings or the mixing zone is completely enclosed by the
plane of the disk. In this case, the openings are in the form of,
for example, round or angular, for example rectangular, recesses.
In the case of an enclosed mixing zone, the elliptical or circular
shape is preferred. The part channels can taper off in the form of
nozzles in the direction of the mixing zone. The part channels can
be linear or bent in the shape of a spiral. The part channels can
enter into the mixing zone at a right angle relative to the
circumferential line of the mixing zone or at an angle different
from 90.degree.. When, in the event that the angle is different
from a right angle, a stack of several mixing disks is formed, the
disks with opposite deviation from a right angle are adjacent to
each other. Similarly, in the event that the course of the part
channels is spiral-shaped, when a stack is formed from several
mixing disks, then disks with oppositely oriented direction of
spiral rotation are preferably adjacent to each other.
[0017] The linking channel between the openings is preferably
formed by an indentation. The inlet opening and/or outlet opening
or the mixing zone, however, can also be disposed at the edge of
the disk or be in the form of recesses at the edge of the disk.
[0018] In another particular embodiment, there are present at least
two inlet openings for at least two different feed streams, each
inlet opening being connected with the mixing zone through a
linking channel. In this case, there are preferably two outlet
openings for two different feed streams on opposite sides of the
mixing zone, the mixing zone preferably being in a position
completely enclosed within the disk plane.
[0019] Suitable materials of construction for the components are,
for example, metals, particularly corrosion-resistant metals, such
as, for example, stainless steel, as well as glasses, ceramic
materials or plastic materials. The components can be fabricated by
techniques for producing microstructures on surfaces, techniques
that in and of themselves are known, for example by etching or
milling of metals or by embossing or injection-molding of
plastics
[0020] The static micromixer to be used according to the invention
has a housing with at least 2 inlets for fluids and at least one
outlet for fluids. In the housing are located at one or least two
disk-shaped micromixer components arranged in a stack. Stacks can
be formed from any number of disks, permitting a flow-through
commensurate with the height of the stack. To ensure the same
pressure throughout the mixer, in the case of greater lengths the
fluid can be introduced at several points. Grooves or ribs in or on
the disks can be used for the purpose of stacking and aligning. The
disks are superposed on one another so that the inlet openings form
subsidiary channels for introducing a particular feed stream and
the outlet openings or the mixing zones together form a main
channel for removing the product stream, the main channels and
subsidiary channels extending through the stack. When the inlet
openings are disposed as recesses at the edge of the disk, the
housing wall can fom the outwardly terminating part of the wall of
a subsidiary channel. When the mixing zone is disposed as a recess
at the edge of the disk, the housing wall can form the outwardly
terminating part of the wall of the main channel. Overall, a
micromixer can have, for example, at least 5, 10, 100 or even more
than 1000 part channels and consist of a stack of disks having
several part channels.
[0021] The packaging system has an appropriate arrangement for
conveying the separately kept constituents through the micromixer.
This could be a pumping arrangement actuated manually or
electrically. Arrangements actuated by propellants or by pressure,
however, are also possible.
[0022] Preferably, each part stream of a first feed A flowing from
an outlet opening of a disk into the mixing zone is directly
adjacent to a part stream of a second feed B flowing from an outlet
opening of an adjacent disk into the mixing zone. In the mixing
zone, the mixing takes place by diffusion and/or turbulence.
[0023] In another embodiment of the micromixer, the linking
channels of the disks are formed by indentations. Before they end
in the mixing zone, the linking channels are divided into part
channels by microstructure units disposed on the disks. In an
alternative embodiment, the linking channels of the disks are
formed as recesses in the disks, the disks being arranged as
intermediate disks between a cover disk and a bottom disk, and the
linking channels, before opening into the mixing zone, being
divided into part channels by microstructure units disposed on the
cover disk and/or bottom disk.
[0024] The object of the invention is also an in-situ process for
producing formulations consisting of at least two, preferably
fluid, constituents just before use. At least two preferably fluid
feeding streams that at first are kept separated are mixed with one
another, the mixing being performed by use of at least one of the
afore-described components of the invention, the static micromixer
or packaging systems. Here, the flow rate of the feeding stream or
feeding streams into the mixing zone is greater than the flow rate
of the product mixture within the mixing zone. Particularly
preferred are mixer configurations and flow rates giving rise to
turbulence in the mixing zone, the mixing in the mixing zone being
induced at least in part by turbulence.
[0025] The mixing process of the invention comprises, in
particular, also homogenization processes, processes for the
production of dispersions, emulsions or solutions as well as for
the gassing or foaming of liquids. To this end, a continuous liquid
phase is mixed with at least one insoluble fluid phase that is to
be dispersed or with at least one soluble fluid phase by use of at
least one component of the invention or of a static micromixer of
the invention. The two phases can either be introduced through
different subsidiary channels or one phase (preferably the
continuous phase) is introduced through the main channel and the
second phase through a subsidiary channel.
[0026] A particular embodiment relates to a process for mixing
chemically reactive constituents whereby [0027] at least two fluid
feed streams which at first are kept separated and which contain or
consist of reactive constituents are mixed with one another and
whereby [0028] during or after the mixing a chemical reaction
between the constituents takes place spontaneously or is induced by
supplying energy or by a suitable catalyst and whereby [0029] the
mixing is carried out by use of at least one component of the
invention or at least one static micromixer of the invention.
[0030] To increase the capacity of the process of the invention,
the number of channels in the disks can be increased or the number
of the disks superposed on one another in a micromixer can be
increased or two or more micromixers can be connected in series one
after the other or in parallel next to each other. It is
particularly advantageous if in this case a rough premix is made
with a micromixer having large channel diameters and then with
micromixers having increasingly smaller channel diameters.
[0031] In a particular embodiment, at least one of the packaging
parts for the individual constituents is separately exchangeable.
In this manner, the user can combine individually different active
ingredient compositions. When a first constituent is not perfumed,
it is possible, for example, by exchange of a second, perfumed
constituent, to create in simple manner individual product scenting
that is adapted to individual requirements.
[0032] In the following, exemplary embodiment of the components and
micromixers of the invention will be explained by reference to the
drawings.
[0033] FIG. 1a-b shows mixing disks with two inlet openings for two
feed streams and wherein the inlet openings and outlet openings are
enclosed,
[0034] FIG. 1c shows a mixing disk with a single inlet opening and
wherein the inlet opening and outlet opening are enclosed,
[0035] FIG. 1d shows a mixing disk wherein the inlet opening,
flow-through opening and outlet opening are enclosed,
[0036] FIG. 2a-c shows mixing disks with three inlet openings for
up to three different feed streams and wherein the inlet openings
and outlet openings are enclosed,
[0037] FIG. 3a-b shows mixing disks with two inlet openings at the
edge of the disk for two feed streams and with an enclosed outlet
opening,
[0038] FIG. 3c-d shows mixing disks with four inlet openings at the
edge of the disk for up to four different feed streams and with an
enclosed outlet opening,
[0039] FIG. 4a-f shows mixing disks each with an enclosed inlet
opening and flow-through opening for two feed streams and an outlet
opening at the edge of the disk,
[0040] FIG. 5a-b shows mixing disks each with one enclosed inlet
opening and two enclosed flow-through openings for up to three
different feed streams and an outlet opening at the edge of the
disk,
[0041] FIG. 6a shows a longitudinal section of the schematic
structure of a static micromixer,
[0042] FIG. 6b shows a mixing disk in an open housing,
[0043] FIG. 7a-b shows mixing disks with enclosed inlet openings
and flow-through openings and additional part channels, wherein
different feed streams can flow through adjacent part channels,
[0044] FIG. 8a,c shows mixing disks with enclosed inlet openings
and flow-through openings and additional part channels, wherein
different feed streams can flow through adjacent part channels,
[0045] FIG. 8b shows a mixing disk with an enclosed inlet opening,
three enclosed flow-through openings and additional part channels,
wherein different feed streams can flow through adjacent part
channels,
[0046] FIG. 9 shows a micromixer with a housing and a stack of
several mixing disks, and
[0047] FIG. 10 shows cross-sections through stacks of mixing disks
with the molded element closing the mixing zone.
[0048] One embodiment is shown in FIG. 1a and FIG. 1b. The disks
(1) each have two enclosed inlet openings (2). Each inlet opening
(2) is connected with one linking channel (3) formed by an
indentation in the plane of the disk. By a multiplicity of
microstructure units (6), each linking channel (3) is divided into
a multiplicity of part channels (7). Through the outlet openings
(4), the part channels (7) open into an enclosed mixing zone (5).
The outlet openings (4) are arranged on a circular line around the
mixing zone (5). The mixing zone (5) and the inlet openings (2) are
formed as through-holes in the disks. The microstructure units are
bent, for example, in the form of spirals, the spirals in FIG. 1a
and FIG. 1b having an opposite sense of rotation. The
microstructures units, however, can also be linear or unbent. When
the disks are round, they preferably have recesses (8) at the edge
which can cooperate with fixing elements (14) in a housing (11) to
prevent torsion or slipping of the disks. The disks, however, can
also be angular, preferably quadrangular, for example in the shape
of a square. In this case, the recesses and fixing elements may be
omitted. Through the two inlet openings (2) two different feed
streams can be introduced into the mixing zone (5) in one plane,
the two outlet openings corresponding to the two different feed
streams preferably being disposed opposite each other. A micromixer
preferably has a stack of several components superposed on one
another, with disks of the kind shown in FIG. 1a alternating with
disks of the kind shown in FIG. 1b and giving rise to an
arrangement consisting of an alternating layer structure ABAB etc.
In this manner, two different feed streams can be fed to the mixing
zone (5) directly adjacent and over and under one another. In the
stack, the disks are superposed on one another in such a way that
the inlet openings form subsidiary channels for introducing a
particular feed stream, and the mixing zones form a main channel
for removing the product stream. A fluid which later will
constitute the continuous phase of the mixture, however, can also
be introduced through the main channel.
[0049] Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 1c. The disk (1) has a
single enclosed inlet opening (2) which is connected with a linking
channel (3) formed by an indentation in the disk plane. The linking
channel (3) is divided by a multiplicity of microstructure units
(6) into a multiplicity of part channels (7). The part channels (7)
open through the outlet openings (4) into the mixing zone (5). The
outlet openings (4) are arranged on a circular line around the
mixing zone (5). The mixing zone (5) and the inlet opening (2) are
configured as through-holes in the disk. The microstructure units
are bent, for example, in the shape of a spiral. The microstructure
units, however, can also be linear, unbent or have any other
geometric shape. A micromixer preferably has a stack of several
components superposed on one another. In the stack, the disks are
disposed above one another in a manner such that the inlet openings
form a subsidiary channel for introducing a feed stream, and the
mixing zones form a main channel for removing the product stream.
Through the main channel can be introduced one of the constituents
to be mixed, preferably the fluid which later will form the
continuous phase of the mixture. This embodiment is particularly
well suited, for example, for gassing liquids, foaming liquids with
a gas or preparing dispersions. To this end, the liquid to be
treated with the gas or the dispersing medium is introduced through
the central main channel and the gas or the substance to be
dispersed is introduced through the subsidiary channel.
Advantageously, the stack of disks can be configured as an
alternating layer structure wherein disks with spiral-shaped
microstructure units (6) of opposite sense of rotation are
alternately disposed one above the other. It is also possible to
use only a single type of disk. The microstructure units are then
preferably linear and shaped so that the part channels form
nozzles.
[0050] Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 1d. The disk (1) has an
enclosed inlet opening (2), an enclosed mixing zone (5) and an
enclosed flow-through opening (9). The inlet opening (2) is
connected with a linking channel (3) formed by an indentation in
the disk plane, which channel by a multiplicity of microstructure
units (6) is divided into a multiplicity of part channels (7). The
part channels (7) open through the outlet openings (4) into the
mixing zone (5). The outlet openings (4) are arranged on a circular
line around the mixing zone (5). The mixing zone (5), inlet opening
(2) and flow-through opening (9) are configured as through-holes in
the disk. The microstructure units are, for example, bent in the
form of spirals. The microstructures units, however, can also be
linear, unbent or have any other geometric shape. With additional
built-in components (10) in the linking channel, the flow
conditions in the linking channel (3) can be optimized. When the
disks are round, they preferably have at their edge recesses (8)
that can cooperate with fixing elements (14) in a housing (11) to
prevent twisting or slipping of the disks. A micromixer preferably
has a stack of several components of the kind shown in FIG. 1d and
disposed above one another alter-nately twisted by 180.degree.. In
this manner, two different feed streams can be introduced into the
mixing zone (5) directly adjacent above and under one another. In
the stack, the disks are superposed on one another in a manner such
that the inlet openings (2) and the flow-through openings (9)
alternate and form two subsidiary channels for introducing two feed
streams, the mixing zones forming a main channel for removing the
product stream. A fluid that later will constitute the continuous
phase of the mixture, however, can also be introduced through the
main channel. Advantageously, the stack of disks can have a
configuration with an alternating layer structure wherein disks
with spiral-shaped microstructure units (6) of opposite sense of
rotation are disposed alternately one above the other. A single
type of disk, however, can also be used. The microstructure units
are preferably linear and configured in such a way that the part
channels form nozzles.
[0051] FIGS. 2a to 2c show another embodiment. Each of the disks
(1) has three enclosed inlet openings (2). Each inlet opening (2)
is connected with a linking channel (3) formed by an indentation in
the plane of the disk. Each linking channel (3) is divided by at
least one microstructure unit (6) into at least two part channels
(7). By means of a larger number of microstructure units, division
into a higher number of part channels can be achieved. Through the
outlet openings (4), the part channels (7) open into the mixing
zone (5). The outlet openings (4) are arranged on a circular line
around the mixing zone (5). The mixing zone (5) and the inlet
openings (2) are configured as through-holes in the disks. The
microstructure units can be in the form of spirals having a
different sense of rotation or they can be linear. Through the
three inlet openings (2), equal feed streams or up to three
different feed streams can be introduced into the mixing zone (5)
in one plane. A micromixer preferably has a stack of several
components disposed one above another wherein different types of
disks as shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c alternate forming an
alternating layer structure, for example ABCABC. In this manner,
two different feed streams can be introduced into the mixing zone
(5) directly adjacent and over and under one another. In the stack,
the disks are disposed above one another so that the inlet openings
form subsidiary channels for introducing a particular feed stream,
and the mixing zones form a main channel for removing the product
stream. A fluid which later will constitute the continuous phase of
the mixture, however, can also be introduced through the main
channel.
[0052] Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 3a and FIG. 3b. The
disks (1) each have two inlet openings positioned at the edge of
the disk. Each inlet opening (2) is connected with a linking
channel (3) formed by an indentation in the plane of the disk. Each
linking channel (3) is divided by a multiplicity of microstructure
units (6) into a multiplicity of part channels (7). Through the
outlet openings (4), the part channels (7) open into an enclosed
mixing zone (5). The outlet openings (4) are arranged on a straight
line. The mixing zone (5) is configured, for example, as a
rectangular through-hole in the disks. The microstructure units are
disposed, for example, at an angle to the direction of flow, the
inclinations in FIGS. 1a and 1b. extending in opposite directions.
The microstructure units, however, can also have the same
inclination or no inclination at all. The disks have an
approximately quadrangular basic shape, but they can also have any
other basic geometric shape (angular, round, elliptical etc).
Through the two inlet openings (2), two different feed streams can
be introduced into the mixing zone (5) in one plane, with the two
outlet openings for the two different feed streams preferably
disposed opposite each other. A micromixer preferably has a stack
of several components disposed above one another, the disks of the
kind shown in FIG. 3a alternating with disks of the kind shown in
FIG. 3b and forming an alternating layer structure ABAB. In this
manner, two different feed streams can be introduced into the
mixing zone (5) directly adjacent and over and under one another.
In the stack, the disks are disposed above one another so that the
inlet openings together with the mixer housing form at the edge of
the mixer subsidiary channels for introducing a particular feed
stream, and the mixing zones form inside the mixera main channel
for removing the product stream. A fluid that later will constitute
the continuous phase of the mixture, however, can also be
introduced through the main channel.
[0053] Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 3c and FIG. 3d. Each
disk (1) has four inlet openings (2) positioned at the edge of the
disk. Each inlet opening (2) is connected with a linking channel
(3) formed by an indentation in the plane of the disk. Each linking
channel (3) is divided by several microstructure units (6) into
several part channels (7). Through the outlet openings (4), the
part channels (7) open into an enclosed mixing zone (5). The outlet
openings (4) are arranged on a circular line. The linking channels
are bent into spiral shapes, the spirals in FIGS. 3c and 3d having
an opposite sense of rotation. The mixing zone (5) is configured as
a through-hole in the disks. The microstructure units are, for
example, straight, but they can also be slanted or bent like a
spiral. The disks have an approximately quadrangular basic shape,
but they can also have any other basic geometric shape (angular,
round, elliptical etc). Through the four inlet openings (2), equal
feed streams or up to four different feed streams can be introduced
into the mixing zone (5) in one plane, with the outlet openings for
the different feed streams preferably disposed opposite one
another. A micromixer preferably has a stack of several components
disposed above one another wherein disks of the kind shown in FIG.
3c alternate with disks of the kind shown in FIG. 3d and having a
sense of rotation opposite to that of the spiral-shaped linking
channels thus forming an alternating layer structure ABAB. In this
manner, two different feed streams can be introduced into the
mixing zone (5) directly adjacent and over and under one another.
In the stack, the disks are disposed above one another so that the
inlet openings together with the mixer housing form at the edge of
the mixer subsidiary channels for introducing a particular feed
stream, and inside the mixer the mixing zones form a main channel
for removing the product stream. A fluid which later will
constitute the continuous phase of the mixture, however, can also
be introduced through the main channel.
[0054] Additional embodiments are shown in FIG. 4a to FIG. 4f. Each
disk (1) has an enclosed inlet opening (2) and an enclosed
flow-through opening (9). Each inlet opening (2) is connected with
a linking channel (3) formed by an indentation in the plane of the
disk. By a multiplicity of microstructure units (6), each linking
channel (3) is divided into a multiplicity of part channels (7).
Through outlet openings (4) arranged at the edge of the disks, the
part channels (7) open into the mixing zone (5) disposed outside
the plane of the disk. The outlet openings (4) can be arranged on
straight lines (FIG. 4e, 4f) or on arc segments, the arc segments
being convex (FIG. 4a, 4b) or concave (FIG. 4c, 4d). The inlet
openings (2) and the flow-through openings (9) are configured as
through-holes in the disks. The microstructure units can be
parallel or they can be disposed at various angles to the flow
direction preset by the linking channel. When the disks are round,
they preferably have at their edge recesses (8) which can cooperate
with fixing elements (14) in a housing (11) to prevent twisting or
slipping of the disks. A micromixer preferably has a stack of
several components disposed above one another, the disks of the
kind shown in FIG. 4a alternating with disks of the kind shown in
FIG. 4b, or disks of the kind shown in FIG. 4c alternating with
disks of the kind shown in FIG. 4d, or disks of the kind shown in
FIG. 4e alternating with disks of the kind shown in FIG. 4f, giving
rise to an alternating layer structure ABAB. In this manner, two
different feed streams can be fed to the mixing zone (5) directly
adjacent and over and under one another. Preferably, the angles at
which the part channels open into the mixing zone are different
relative to the circumferential line of the mixing zone in adjacent
disks and most preferably have opposite deviations of 90.degree..
In the stack, the disks are disposed over one another in a manner
such that the inlet openings (2) and the flow-through openings (9)
alternate and inside the mixer form subsidiary channels for
introducing two feed streams. The mixing zone and a housing can
form a main channel for removing the product stream, the mixing
zone also possibly being open to the surroundings. The outwardly
open configuration is particularly preferred if the mixture is to
be dispensed as a spray or a foam, particularly if it is to be
sprayed or foamed by use of a gas.
[0055] Other embodiments are shown in FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b. Each of
the disks (1) has an enclosed inlet opening (2) and two enclosed
flow-through openings (9). Each inlet opening (2) is connected with
a linking channel (3) formed by an indentation in the plane of the
disk. By a multiplicity of microstructure units (6), each linking
channel (3) is divided into a multiplicity of part channels (7).
Through outlet openings (4) arranged at the edge of the disks, the
part channels (7) open into the mixing zone (5) disposed outside
the plane of the disk. The outlet openings (4) can be arranged on
straight lines (FIG. 5a) or on arc segments (FIG. 5b), the arc
segments being convex or concave. The inlet openings (2) and the
flow-through openings (9) are configured as through-holes in the
disks. The microstructure units can be parallel or they can be
disposed at various angles to the flow direction preset by the
linking channel. When the disks are round, they preferably at their
edge form recesses (8) which can cooperate with fixing elements
(14) in a housing (11) to prevent twisting or slipping of the
disks. A micromixer preferably has a stack of several components
disposed above one another, the disks of the three different kinds
shown in FIG. 5a alternating with those of the kind shown in FIG.
5b giving rise to an alternating layer structure ABCABC. In this
manner, two different feed streams can be fed to the mixing zone
(5) directly adjacent and over and under one another. Preferably,
the angles at which the part channels open into the mixing zone (5)
differ relative to the circumferential line of the mixing zone in
adjacent disks, opposite deviations of 90.degree. being
particularly preferred. In the stack, the disks (1) are disposed
over one another in a manner such that the inlet openings (2) and
the flow-through openings (9) alternate and inside the mixer form
three subsidiary channels for introducing up to three different
feed streams. The mixing zone (5) and a housing can form a main
channel for removing the product stream, the mixing zone also
possibly being open to the surroundings. The outwardly open
configuration is particularly preferred when the mixture is to be
dispensed as a spray or foam and particularly when the mixture is
to be sprayed or foamed by use of a gas.
[0056] FIG. 6a shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of a
static micromixer in longitudinal section. A housing (11) is
provided with fluid inlets (12a). The housing (11) contains a stack
of several mixing disks (1) of the invention. The inlet openings.
and/or flow-through openings of the disks can be closed and opened
by means of a preferably vertically displaceable closure (13a).
With the closure, it is also possible to adjust the flow rate. The
mixture can be removed from a mixing zone disposed within the
housing through a suitable fluid outlet or it can be given off
directly from a mixing zone disposed outside the housing.
[0057] FIG. 6b shows the cross-section of a static mixer. Into a
housing (11) is built a mixing disk (1) held in position by means
of recesses (8) and fixing elements (14). The mixing disk is, for
example, of the kind shown in FIG. 5a.
[0058] Other, preferred embodiments are shown in FIGS. 7a-b and
FIGS. 8a-c. In these embodiments, the disks (1) have adjacent part
channels (7) and (13) through which different feed streams can flow
alternately so that different feed streams can be introduced into
the mixing zone (5) directly adjacent in one plane.
[0059] Each of the disks (1) shown in FIG. 7a has an enclosed inlet
opening (2), an enclosed mixing zone (5) and an enclosed
flow-through opening (9). The inlet opening (2) is connected with a
linking channel (3) formed by an indentation in the plane of the
disk, said linking channel being divided into a multiplicity of
part channels (7) by a multiplicity of microstructure units (6).
Through the outlet openings (4), the part channels (7) open into
the mixing zone (5). The outlet openings (4) are arranged on a
circular line around the mixing zone (5). The mixing zone (5), the
inlet opening (2) and the flow-through opening (9) are configured
as through-holes in the disk. Into the microstructure units (6) are
integrated additional part channels (13) configured as indentations
and which are shielded against the linking channel (3) and open
into the mixing zone (5). The part channels (7) and the additional
part channels (13) are alternately disposed adjacent to each other.
The disks are provided with additional through-holes (12), the
number of the through-holes (12) and the number of the additional
part channels (13) being identical. The through-holes (12) are
arranged so that when a disk (1) is placed on a second disk (1)
twisted by 1800, said through-holes are disposed above the
additional part channels (13) of the disk that is positioned
underneath. A feed stream flowing through the inlet opening (2)
into the linking channel (3) can flow through the through-holes
(12) into an additional part channel (13) of a disk positioned
underneath. The angle formed between the adjacent part channels (7)
and (13) and the angle formed toward the circumferential line of
the mixing zone can be different. In FIG. 7a, the angles of the
part channels (7) and of the additional part channels (13) relative
to the circumferential line of the mixing zone (5) have opposite
deviations of 900. As a result, the outlet openings of each two
part channels form a pair. In this manner, two different feed
streams can be introduced on top of each other. The part channels,
however, can also run parallel, at right angles or inclined toward
the mixing zone. FIG. 7a shows next to each other two identical
disks (1) twisted by 180.degree.. FIG. 7b shows schematically two
superposed disks twisted by 180.degree.. A micromixer preferably
has a stack of several superposed components, wherein disks of the
kind shown in FIG. 7a twisted by 180.degree. are alternately
superposed on one another. In this manner, two different feed
streams can be fed to the mixing zone (5) both directly adjacent
and over and under one another and also directly adjacent and next
to each other. In the stack, the disks are disposed above one
another so that the inlet openings (2) and the flow-through
openings (9) alternate and form two subsidiary channels for
introducing two feed streams, and the mixing zones form a main
channel for removing the product stream. A fluid that later will
constitute the continuous phase of the mixture, however, can also
be introduced through the main channel. Moreover, the disks are
disposed above one another so that each additional through-hole
(12) of a disk is connected in communicating manner with one
corresponding additional part channel (13) of an adjacent disk.
[0060] FIG. 8a shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 7a the
difference being that the part channels (7) and the additional part
channels (13) lead to the mixing zone (5) in parallel and inclined
at identical angles. In FIG. 8a, the disk on the left differs from
the disk on the right in that the angle formed between the part
channels (7) and (13) and the circumferential line of the mixing
zone (5) has an opposite deviation of 90.degree.. A micromixer
preferably has a stack of several superposed components wherein the
left and the right disks shown in FIG. 8a alternate giving rise to
an alternating layer structure ABAB. In this manner, two different
feed streams can be introduced into the mixing zone (5) directly
adjacent and over and under each other at opposite angles.
[0061] FIG. 8c shows an embodiment similar to that of FIG. 8a the
difference being that the part channels (7) and the additional part
channels (13) lead to the mixing zone (5) in parallel and
vertically. A micromixer preferably has a stack of several
superposed components wherein the left and right disks of the kind
shown in FIG. 8c alternate resulting in an alternating layer
structure ABAB. In the stack, the disks are superposed on one
another so that the inlet openings (2) and the flow-through
openings (9) alternate and form two subsidiary channels for
introducing two feed streams, and the mixing zones form a main
channel for removing the product stream. Moreover, the disks are
superposed on one another so that each additional through-hole (12)
of a disk is connected in communicating manner with a corresponding
additional part channel (13) of an adjacent disk. In this manner,
two different feed streams can be introduced into the mixing zone
(5) both directly adjacent and over and under each other and
directly adjacent and next to each other.
[0062] Another embodiment is shown in FIG. 8b. A disk (1) has an
enclosed inlet opening (2), three enclosed flow-through openings
(9) and an enclosed mixing zone (5). The inlet opening (2) is
connected with a linking channel (3) formed by an indentation in
the plane of the disk and which by a multiplicity of microstructure
units (6) is divided into a multiplicity of part channels (7).
Through the outlet openings (4), the part channels (7) open into
the mixing zone (5). The outlet openings (4) are arranged on a
circular line around the mixing zone (5). The mixing zone (5), the
inlet opening (2) and the flow-through opening (9) are configured
as through-holes in the disk. Into the microstructure units (6) are
integrated in indented manner additional part channels (13) which
are shielded against the linking channel (3) and which open into
the mixing zone (5). The part channels (7) and the additional part
channels (13) are disposed alternately adjacent to each other. The
disks have additional through-holes (12), the number of the
through-holes (12) and the number of the additional part channels
(13) being identical. The through-holes (12) are arranged so that
when a disk (1) twisted by 90.degree. is placed on a second disk
(1) the said through-holes are positioned above the additional part
channels (13) of the disk located underneath. A feed stream flowing
through the inlet opening (2) into the linking channel (3) can flow
through the through-holes (12) into the additional part channel
(13) of a disk positioned below. The angle formed between the
adjacent part channels (7) and (13) and the angle formed toward the
circumferential line of the mixing zone can be different. In FIG.
8b the angles of the part channels (7) toward the circumferential
line of the mixing zone (5) have an opposed deviation of 90.degree.
compared to the angles formed by the additional channels (13). As a
result, the outlet openings of each two part channels form a pair.
In this manner, two different feed streams can be introduced on top
of each other. The part channels, however, can also run parallel at
a right angle or inclined toward the mixing zone. A micromixer
preferably has a stack of several superposed components, the disks
of the kind shown in FIG. 8b being disposed above one another. in
any order and each being twisted by 90.degree., 180.degree. or
270.degree.. In this manner, different feed streams can be
introduced into the mixing zone (5) either directly adjacent and
over and under one another or directly adjacent and next to each
other. Overall, up to four different feed streams can be mixed by
means of the micromixer. In the stack, the disks are superposed on
one another so that the inlet openings (2) and the flow-through
openings (9) alternate and form a total of four subsidiary channels
for introducing up to four feed streams, and the mixing zones form
a main channel for removing the product stream. A fluid that later
will constitute the continuous phase of the mixture, however, can
also be introduced through the main channel. Moreover, the disks
are superposed on one another so that each additional through-hole
(12) of a disk is connected in communicating manner with the
corresponding additional part channel (13) of an adjacent disk.
[0063] FIG. 9 shows as an example, in an exploded view, a possible
embodiment of a micromixer usable according to the invention. A
housing (11) contains a stack of components of the invention in the
form of disks (1). Shown as an example is a stack of several disks
of the kind depicted in FIG. 8a, but other disks of the invention
can also be used, in which case optionally the shape of the
housing, the number and position of the inlets and outlets of the
fluid etc must be correspondingly adapted. The disks (1) are
positioned so that the recesses (8) cooperate with the fixing
elements (14) to prevent the twisting of the disks. The housing has
two fluid inlets (12a) for introducing the feed streams. The
housing can be closed with a cover ((15) provided with a fluid
outlet (16).
[0064] FIG. 10 shows additional embodiments wherein, in the resting
position, the mixing zone (5) or the mixing space formed by several
disk-shaped components (1) is filled by a closure (13a) in the form
of a molded element which closes off the outlet openings (4) (FIG.
10a, c, e, g). By means of an appropriate mechanism, for example
when the dispenser means of the packaging system is actuated, the
molded element (13a) is removed from the mixing zone (5) entirely
or partly and the outlet openings (4) are opened entirely or partly
(FIG. 10b, d, f, h). The actuation can occur by preselectable
pressure and/or by forced mechanical guidance. The molded element
can be configured so that during the dosing and mixing process, by
means of a pressure build-up and/or geometric baffles, it produces
enhanced turbulence with improved mixing quality. At the end of the
dosing, the molded element can again completely close off the
mixing zone. The mixer is thus free of mixture residues which
otherwise could react and spoil. The molded element can be
integrated into the packaging system in such a way that in the
resting position it provides a closure toward the outside thus
giving rise to a smooth, easy-to-keep clean surface (FIG. 10a b).
In the resting position, however, the molded element, can also
protrude slightly outward (FIG. 10c). In this case, should it stick
as a result of being pressed into the housing, it can readily be
unstuck. The molded element can have any shape adapted to the
mixing zone (5), for example it can be cylindrical or column-shaped
in the case of mixing zones with an opening which remains constant
within a stack (FIG. 10a-f) or it can be conical (FIG. 10g, h) in
the case of mixing zones with openings that within the stack become
narrow toward the product delivery opening.
[0065] FIG. 11 shows a two-constituent container with an integrated
stack of micromixer disks. In an outer container (17) that can be
closed with a cover ((15) there are disposed two internal
containers (18a) and (18b) wherein two compositions to be kept
separated can be stored until they are to be used. By actuating a
suitable delivery system, the compositions are conveyed through the
fluid inlets (12a) to a stack of disk-shaped mixer components (1)
and mixed. The ready-to-use mixture exits through the fluid outlet
(16).
[0066] An advantage of the packaging system of the invention lies
in that constituents with different viscosities can also be readily
mixed. One embodiment therefore concerns a packaging system
containing at least two separately kept liquid constituents with
different viscosities, namely the ratio of the viscosities of the
constituent with higher viscosity to those of the constituent with
lower viscosity is greater than 1, preferably greater than 1.5 and
particularly from 2 to 100 (measured at 25.degree. C.).
[0067] The packaging system is primarily suited for use in
processes for mixing just before use constituents which as a
finished mixture are chemically or physically unstable (emulsions,
dispersions, perfume-containing compositions and thickened systems
such as gels, emulsions with pharmaceutical active ingredients
which in the finished emulsion are not storage-stable etc.). Over
the short time of application, the prepared mixtures are
sufficiently stable to meet particular use requirements. As long as
they are kept separated, the individual constituents can be
stabilized by an appropriate selection of the pH or of other
effective stabilizers.
[0068] Possible applications for cosmetic preparations are, for
example [0069] in-situ preparation of shampoos, hair treatment
preparations, hair lotions or skin lotions; [0070] preparing
mixtures of dye precursors and oxidants for hair colorants; in this
case, the finished mixture can be applied directly to the hair with
the aid of an applicator without the conventional manual mixing in
a bowl, as in the past; [0071] preparing mixtures of reactive
solutions with thickeners, particularly viscous preparations
containing oxidants and thickeners for blonding hair or fixing
permanent waves; [0072] producing foams by chemical release of a
gas (for example CO.sub.2 from a carbonate-containing or hydrogen
carbonate-containing constituent and an acidic constituent); [0073]
foams for hair or skin treatment from a surfactant-containing
liquid constituent and a gaseous constituent; [0074] mixing of end
products fo achieve special effects, for example color-change
products which after mixing give rise to a time-delayed chemical
color-change reaction, the time delay being adjusted to give an
optimum application period for the product, for example a hair
treatment preparations; [0075] producing gels from low-viscosity
starting constituents.
[0076] Possible uses for pharmaceutical preparations are, for
example [0077] to prepare water-sensitive systems by mixing a
water-free and a water-containing constituent only just at the
instant of use; [0078] to prepare ointments, emulsions, lotions etc
fresh just at the instant of use, it being possible to reduce the
amount of, or omit, the emulsifiers otherwise commonly needed for
long-term emulsion stability and thereby enhancing compatibility
and reducing side effects.
[0079] Possible uses in adhesives technology are, for example,
[0080] to produce multiconstituent systems at the instant of use,
in which case the manual mixing of a first, curable constituent A
and a second, curing agent-containing constituent B is omitted; at
the end of the mixing process, the mixing chamber is kept free of
curable mixture residues by closing it with a molded element,
[0081] Possible uses for foodstuffs are, for example, [0082] to
produce mayonnaise, mustard etc at the instant of use; [0083] to
homogenize milk, milk products etc; [0084] to produce cream without
mechanical beating.
[0085] In the process of the invention, one of the phases to be
mixed is usually liquid, and the second phase and optionally
additional phases can be liquid, solid or gaseous. The two phases
to be mixed are brought together in a micromixer so that the
constituents of the mixture are mixed in the mixing zone at the
outlet from the supplying channels. The process of the invention is
particularly well suited to preparing just before use colorants,
adhesives, foodstuffs, pharmaceutical agents, cosmetic agents or
building materials and particularly to producing emulsion-forming
preparations containing at least one hair-care or skin-care
cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical active ingredient,
hair-firming agents, hair coloring agents or permanent wave
lotions. In the case of cosmetic uses, at least one constituent
contains a hair-cosmetic or skin-cosmetic constituent. This
constituent can be, for example, a hair-care substance, a
hair-coloring substance, a hair-firming substance, a substance
protecting the skin and/or hair from light, a fragrance material, a
skin-care substance, an antidandruff constituent, a hair-cleaning
and/or skin-cleansing material or a preservative. Typical amounts
of active ingredient are in this case 0.05 to 20 wt. % and
preferably 0.14 to 10 wt. %.
[0086] Preferably, one of the constituents to be mixed is an
aqueous, liquid phase and the other constituent is a hydrophobic,
liquid or water-sensitive substance-containing phase, or the
constituents contain substances that on contact with one another
react chemically or change the physical consistency of the
mixture.
[0087] In the case of dispersions, the amount of the phase to be
homogenized in the finished emulsion or suspension depends on the
requirements of the end product to be prepared. For hair
treatments, the lipophilic phase can amount to, for example, from 2
to 10 wt. % or for creams, for example hair-coloring creams, even
up to about 50 wt. %. The homogenization can be carried out without
an emulsifier. However, an emulsifier or a surfactant can be
present as a dispersing aid. The finished composition can contain
the dispersing aid in an amount from 0.5 to 30 wt. %. Suitable
emulsifiers are the nonionic, anionic, cationic, amphoteric or
zwitterionic emulsifiers. Suitable emulsifiers are, for example,
those indicated in the "International Cosmetic Ingredient
Dictionary and Handbook", 7th edition, volume 2, in the section on
"Surfactants", and particularly in the subsection on "Surfactants -
Emulsifying Agents". Nonionic emulsifiers are, for example,
ethoxylated fatty alcohols, ethoxylated nonylphenols, fatty acid
mono- and diglycerides, ethoxylated and hydrogenated or
nonhydrogenated castor oil, fatty acid alkanolamides and
ethoxylated fatty esters. Cationic emulsifiers are, for example,
long-chain quaternary ammonium compounds such as those known under
the CTFA designation "Quaternium", such as, for example,
alkyltrimethylammonium salts or dialkyldimethylammonium salts with
C.sub.8-C.sub.22-alkyl groups. Anionic emulsifiers are, for
example, the fatty alcohol sulfates, alkyl ether sulfates and
alkylbenzenesulfonates. Amphoteric emulsifiers are, for example,
the betaines such as fatty amide alkylbetaines, sulfobetaines and
C.sub.8-C.sub.22-alkylbetaines.
[0088] The particle diameter of the dispersed phase is preferably
less than 1 .mu.m and particularly less than 0.2 .mu.m. In another
embodiment, the channel dimensions, the micro components of a
micromixer and the flow and pressure conditions are selected so
that the emulsification of the aqueous and hydrophobic phase
produces a microemulsion or a nanoemulsion, meaning that the
particle size is 100 nm or less.
[0089] According to the process of the invention, the dispersion of
an aqueous phase with an immiscible, hydrophobic phase can take
place with or without an emulsifier. A special advantage of the
process is that no emulsifier, or a substantially smaller amount of
emulsifier, is needed to obtain an emulsion or dispersion of a
certain viscosity which needs to be stable only over a short period
of time, namely only during the time of application. As a result,
the irritation potential is reduced and the skin compatibility is
improved. If emulsifiers are entirely omitted, metastable
dispersions are formed which have prolonged stability compared to
the dispersions prepared by the conventional processes. Another
object of the invenion therefore is a process for producing a
preparation in dispersed form whereby just before use a hydrophobic
phase is mixed with an aqueous phase in a micromixer without the
use of an emulsifier.
[0090] Another object of the invention is a process for producing
cleaning agents, particularly hair, skin or textile cleaning
agents, the composition of which contains at least one detersive
surfactant and optionally other additives. The hair or skin
cleaning compositions are shampoos, shower bath compositions,
shower gels, bathing preparations etc. In a preferred embodiment,
the first constituent contains at least one anionic detersive
surfactant in an aqueous phase and a second constituent contains at
least one active care agent which on prolonged storage is not
compatible with the first constituent, for example an oil or a
cationic care agent. The term "aqueous phase" comprises water and
mixtures of water and a water-soluble solvent such as a lower
alcohol, for example ethanol or isopropanol, or a polyol such as
ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, butylene glycol or glycerol,
but preferably water. The preferred anionic surfactants are alkyl
ether sulfates. Suitable alkyl ether sulfates contain an alkyl
group with 8 to 22 and preferably 10 to 16 carbon atoms and have a
degree of ethoxylation from 1 to 20 and preferably from 1 to 4.
Particularly preferred are lauryl ether sulfates. Suitable
counterions are alkali metal ions or alkaline earth metal ions, for
example sodium, magnesium or ammonium ions. Suitable alkyl ether
sulfates are, for example, indicated among the surfactants in the
"International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook", 7th
edition, volume 2, in the section on "Alkyl Ether Sulfates".
[0091] The cationic care agent used in the second constituent of
the cleaning agent is a substance which because of its cationic
groups or groups that can be converted into cations, particularly
protonated amino groups or quaternary ammonium groups, has
substantivity for human hair. The cationic or cation-active
hair-care substance is preferably selected from among cationic
polymers, cationic surfactants, cationic silicone compounds,
cationically derivatizable proteins, cationically derivatizable
protein hydrolyzates and betaine, each with at least one cationic
or cation-active group. Good hair-care efficacy is achieved when at
least one cationic polymer is combined with at least one cationic
surfactant. In addition, at least one cationic silicone com-pound,
particularly a terminal diquaternary polydimethylsiloxane, may be
present.
[0092] Suitable cationic surfactants are those containing a
quaternary ammonium group. In particular, suitable cationic
surfactants are those of general formula
N.sup.(+)R.sup.1R.sup.2R.sup.3R.sup.4 X.sup.(-) wherein R.sup.1 to
R.sup.4 independently of each other denote aliphatic groups,
aromatic groups, alkoxy groups, polyoxyalkylene groups, alkylamido
groups, hydroxyalkyl groups, aryl groups or alkylaryl groups with 1
to 22 carbon atoms, and at least one of the R.sup.1 to R.sup.4
groups contains at least 8 carbon atoms, and X.sup.- denotes an
anion, examples being a halogen, acetate, phosphate, nitrate or
alkyl sulfate and preferably a chloride. Besides the carbon atoms
and hydrogen atoms, the. aliphatic group can also contain compounds
with cross-linking or other groups, for example additional amino
groups. Examples of suitable cationic surfactants are the chlorides
or bromides of alkydimethylbenzylammonium salts,
alkyltrimethylammonium salts, for example cetyltrimethylammonium
chloride or bromide, tetradecyltrimethylammonium chlorides or
bromides, alkyldimethylhydroxyethylammonium chlorides or bromides,
dialkyldimethylammonium chlorides or bromides, alkylpyridinium
salts, for example laurylpyridinium chloride or cetylpyridinium
chloride, alkylamidoethyltrimethylammonium ether sulfates and
compounds with a cationic character, such as the amine oxides, for
example alkylmethylamine oxide or alkylaminoethyldimethylamine
oxide. Cetyltrimethylammonium chloride is particularly
preferred.
[0093] Cationic or cation-active polymers are hair-care or
hair-conditioning polymers. Suitable cationic polymers preferably
contain quaternary ammonium groups. The cationic polymers can be
homopolymers or copolymers wherein the quaternary nitrogen groups
are contained either in the polymer chain or preferably as
substituents on one or several of the monomers. The ammonium
groups-containing monomers can be copolymerized with non-cationic
monomers. Suitable cationic monomers are unsaturated,
free-radical-polymerizable compounds bearing at least one cationic
group, particularly ammonium-substituted vinyl monomers, for
example trialkylmethylacryloxyalkylammonium,
trialkylacryloxyalkylammonium, dialkyldiallylammonium and
quaternary vinylammonium monomers with cyclic, cationic
nitrogen-containing groups such as pyridinium, imidazolium, or
quaternary pyrrolidone groups, for example alkylvinylimidazolium,
alkylvinylpyridinium or alkyl-vinylpyrrolidone salts. The alkyl
groups of these monomers are preferably the lower alkyl groups, for
example C.sub.1- to C.sub.7-alkyl groups and most preferably
C.sub.1- to C.sub.3-alkyl groups. The monomers containing ammonium
groups can be copolymerized with non-cationic monomers. Suitable
comonomers are, for example, acrylamide, methacrylamide, alkyl- and
dialkylacrylamide, alkyl- and dialkylmethacrylamide, alkyl
acrylate, alkyl methacrylate, vinylcaprolactone, vinylcaprolactam,
vinylpyrrolidone, vinyl esters, for example vinyl acetate, vinyl
alcohol, propylene glycol or ethylene glycol, the alkyl groups of
these mono-mers preferably being C.sub.1- to C.sub.7- alkyl groups
and most preferably C.sub.1- to C.sub.3- alkyl groups.
[0094] Cationic polymers with quaternary amino groups are, for
example, the polymers described in the CTFA Cosmetic Ingredient
Dictionary under the designation Polyquaternium such as
methylvinylimidazolium chloride/vinylpyrrolidone copolymer
(Polyquaternium-16) or the quarternized
vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate copolymer
(Polyquaternium-11) as well as quaternary silicone polymers or
oligomers, for example silicone polymers with quaternary end groups
(Quaternium-80). Suitable among the cationic polymers is, for
example, the vinylpyrrolidone/dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate
methosulfate copolymer marketed under the commercial names
Gafquat.RTM. 755 N and Gafquat.RTM. 734 and of which Gafquat.RTM.
755 N is particularly preferred. Other cationic polymers are, for
example, the copolymer of polyvinylpyrrolidone and imidazolium
methochloride marketed under the commercial name LUVIQUAT.RTM. HM
550, the terpolymer of dimethyldiallylammonium chloride, sodium
acrylate and acrylamide marketed under the commercial name
Merquat.RTM. Plus 3300, the terpolymer of vinylpyrrolidone,
dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and vinylcaprolactam marketed under
the commercial name Gaffix.RTM. VC 713 and the
vinylpyrolidone/methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride
copolymer marketed under the commercial name Gafquat.RTM. HS
100.
[0095] Suitable cationic polymers derived from natural polymers are
the cationic derivatives of polysaccharides, for example the
cationic derivatives of cellulose, starch or guar. Also suitable
are chitosan and chitosan derivatives. The cationic polysaccharides
have the general formula G-O-B-N.sup.+R.sup.5R.sup.6R.sup.7 X.sup.-
wherein
[0096] G is an anhydroglucose group, for example starch
anhydroglucose or cellulose anhydroglucose;
[0097] B is a divalent linking group, for example alkylene,
oxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene or hydroxyalkylene;
[0098] R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently of each other
denote alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxyaryl
each with up to 18 carbon atoms, the total number of carbon atoms
in the R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 groups preferably being at the
most 20;
[0099] X is a common counterion, has the same meaning as
hereinabove and preferably denotes a chloride.
[0100] A cationic cellulose is marketed by Amerchol under the name
Polymer JR and has the INCI designation Polyquaternium-10. Another
cationic cellulose has the INCI designation Poly-quaternium 24 and
is marketed by Amerchol under the commercial name Polymer LM-200. A
suitable cationic guar derivative is marketed under the commercial
name Jaguar.RTM. R and has the INCI designation Guar
Hydroxypropyltrimonium Chloride. Particularly preferred
cation-active substances are chitosan, chitosan salts and chitosan
derivatives. The chitosans to be used according to the invention
are completely or partly deacetylated chitins. The molecular weight
of the chitosans can vary within a wide range, for example from
20,000 to about 5 million g/mol. Suitable, for example, is a
chitosan with a low molecular weight of 30,000 to 70,000 g/mol.
Preferably, however, the molecular weight is higher than
100,000/mol and most preferably it is between 200,000 and 700,000
g/mol. The degree of deacetylation is preferably from 10 to 99% and
most preferably from 60 to 99%. A suitable chitosan is marketed,
for example, by Kyowa Oil & Fat, Japan, under the commercial
name Flonac.RTM.. It has a molecular weight of 300,000 to 700,000
g/mol and is 70 to 80% deacetylated. A preferred chitosan salt is
chitosonium pyrrolidone carboxylate which is marketed, for example,
by Amerchol, USA, under the commercial name Kytamer.RTM. PC. The
chitosan in this product has a molecular weight of about 200,000 to
300,000 g/mol and is 70 to 85% deacetylated. Suitable chitosan
derivatives are the quaternized, alkylated or hydroxyalkylated
derivatives, for example hydroxyethyl-, hydroxypropyl- or
hydroxybutylchitosan. The chitosans or chitosan derivatives are
preferably used in the neutralized or partly neutralized form. The
degree of neutralization of the chitosan or chitosan derivative is
preferably at least 50% and most preferably between 70 and 100%,
based on the number of free base groups. In principle, the
neutralization agent can be any cosmetically compatible inorganic
or organic acid, for example, among others, formic acid, malic
acid, lactic acid, pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid, hydrochloric acid
among which pyrrolidonecarboxylic acid and lactic acid are
particularly preferred.
[0101] Preferred are polymers that possess sufficient solubility in
water or in water/alcohol mixtures so as to be able to dissolve
completely in the hydrophilic phase of the invention. The cationic
charge density is preferably 0.2 to 7 meq/g or 0.4 to 5 meq/g and
particularly 0.6 to 2 meq/g. Usually, only small amounts of
cationic polymers with a low cationic charge density (for example
up to 3 meq/g) can be incorporated into current hair-care shampoos
in a stable manner. By contrast, according to the invention it is
possible to add larger amounts of these slightly cationized polymer
or polymers with a higher degree of cationization (for example
>3 meq/g).
[0102] Suitable cation-active silicone compounds preferably contain
either at least one amino group or at least one ammonium group.
Suitable silicone polymers with amino groups are known under the
INCI designation Amodimethicone. They are polydimethylsiloxanes
with aminoalkyl groups. The aminoalkyl groups can be lateral groups
or terminal groups. Suitable aminosilicones are those of general
formula
R.sup.8R.sup.9R.sup.10Si--(OSiR.sup.11R.sup.12).sub.x--(OSiR.sup.13Q).sub-
.y--OSiR.sup.14R.sup.15R.sup.16
[0103] wherein
[0104] R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.14 and R.sup.15 independently of
each other are equal or different and denote C.sub.1- to
C.sub.01-alkyl, phenyl, hydroxy, hydrogen, C.sub.1- to
C.sub.10-alkoxy or acetoxy, preferably C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl and
most preferably methyl;
[0105] R.sup.10 and R.sup.16 independently of each other are equal
or different and denote --(CH.sub.2).sub.a--NH.sub.2 wherein a
equals 1 to 6, C.sub.1- to C.sub.10-alkyl, phenyl, hydroxyl,
hydrogen, C.sub.1- to C.sub.10-alkoxy or acetoxy, preferably
C.sub.1-C.sub.4-alkyl and most preferably methyl;
[0106] R.sup.12 and R.sup.13 independently of each other are equal
or different and denote hydrogen, C.sub.1- to C.sub.20-hydrocarbon
possibly bearing O-atoms or N-atoms, preferably C.sub.1- to
C.sub.10-alkyl or phenyl and most preferably C.sub.1- to
C.sub.4-alkyl, particularly methyl;
[0107] Q denotes -A-NR.sup.17R.sup.18 or
-A-N.sup.-R.sup.17R.sup.18R.sup.19 wherein A stands for a divalent
C.sub.1- to C.sub.20-alkylene linking group that may also contain
O-atoms and N-atoms as well as OH-- groups, and R.sup.17, R.sup.18
and R.sup.19 independently of each other are equal or different and
denote hydrogen, C.sub.1- to C.sub.22-hydrocarbon, preferably
C.sub.1- to C.sub.4-alkyl or phenyl. Preferred groups for Q are
[0108] --(CH.sub.2).sub.3--NH.sub.2,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3NHCH.sub.2CH.sub.2NH.sub.2,
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3OCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2NH.sub.2,
[0109] --(CH.sub.2).sub.3N(CH.sub.2CH.sub.2OH).sub.2,
(CH.sub.2).sub.3-NH.sub.3.sup.+ and
[0110]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3OCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2R.su-
p.20 wherein R.sup.20 denotes a C.sub.1- to C.sub.22-alkyl group
that may also bear OH groups;
[0111] x denotes a numeral between 1 and 10,000 and preferably
between 1 and 1,000 and
[0112] y denoted a numeral between 1 and 500 and preferably between
1 and 50.
[0113] The molecular weight of the aminosilicones is preferably
between 500 and 100,000. The amount of amine (meq/g) is preferably
in the range from 0.05 to 2.3 and most preferably from 0.1 to 0.5.
Particularly preferred are silicone polymers with two terminal
quaternary ammonium groups. These compounds are known under the
INCI designation Quaternium-80. They are polydimethylsiloxanes with
two terminal alkylammonium groups. Suitable quaternary
aminosilicones are those of general formula
R.sup.21R.sup.22R.sup.23N.sup.+-A-SiR.sup.8R.sup.9--(OSiR.sup.11R.sup.12)-
.sub.n--OSiR.sup.8R.sup.9-A-N.sup.+R.sup.21R.sup.22R.sup.23
2X.sup.-
[0114] wherein
[0115] A has the same meaning as indicated hereinabove and
preferably stands for
[0116]
--(CH.sub.2).sub.3OCH.sub.2CHOHCH.sub.2N.sup.+(CH.sub.3).sub.2R.su-
p.20 wherein R.sup.20 denotes a C.sub.1- to C.sub.22-alkyl group
that may also bear OH groups;
[0117] R.sup.8, R.sup.9, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 have the same
meaning as indicated hereinabove and preferably stand for
methyl;
[0118] R.sup.21, R.sup.22 and R.sup.23 independently of each other
denote C.sub.1- to C.sub.22-alkyl groups that may bear hydroxyl
groups and wherein at least one of the groups has at least 10
carbon atoms and the remaining groups have 1 to 4 carbon atoms; n
stands for a numeral from 0 to 200 and preferably from 10 to 100.
Such diquaternary polydimethylsiloxanes are sold by
GOLSCHMIDT/Germany under the commercial names Abil.RTM. Quat 3270,
3272 and 3274.
[0119] Other suitable cation-active, hair-care compounds are the
cationically modified protein derivatives or cationically modified
protein hydrolyzates known, for example, under the INCI
designations lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed wheat protein,
lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed casein, lauryldimonium
hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed collagen, lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl
hydrolyzed keratin, lauryldimonium hydroxypropyl hydrolyzed silk,
soy protein or hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed wheat,
hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed casein, hydroxypropyltrimonium
hydrolyzed collagen, hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed keratin,
hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed rice bran protein,
hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed silk, hydroxypropyltrimonium
hydrolyzed soy protein and hydroxypropyltrimonium hydrolyzed
vegetable protein. Suitable cationically derivatized protein
hydrolyzates are mixtures of substances that can be obtained, for
example, by reaction of alkali-hydrolyzed, acid-hydrolyzed or
enzymatically hydrolyzed proteins with glycidyltrialkylammonium
salts or 3-halo-2-hydroxypropyltrialkylammonium salts. The proteins
used as starting materials for the protein hydrolyzates can be of
either vegetable or animal origin. Common starting materials are,
for example, keratin, collagen, elastin, soy protein, rice protein,
milk protein, wheat protein, silk protein or almond protein. The
hydrolysis affords mixtures of substances with a molecular weight
in the range from about 100 to about 50,000. The average molecular
weights are usually in the range from about 500 to about 1000.
Advantageously, the cationically derivatized protein hydrolyzates
contain one or two long, C.sub.8- to C.sub.22-alkyl chains and
correspondingly two or one short C.sub.1- to C.sub.4-alkyl chain.
Compounds with a long alkyl chain are preferred.
[0120] An oil that can be added as care agent to the second
constituent of a cleaning agent is a hydrophobic substance that is
liquid at room temperature (25.degree. C.). The amount added can
range from 0.1 to 20 wt. % and most preferably from 1 to 10 wt. %.
The second constituent can be in the form of a pre-emulsion of the
oil in water. The hydrophobic substance can be a readily volatile
or non-volatile substance. The readily volatile hydrophobic
substances are liquid at room temperature and preferably have a
boiling point in the range from 30 to 250.degree. C. and most
preferably from 60 to 220.degree. C. Suitable are, for example,
liquid hydrocarbons, liquid cyclic or linear silicones
(dimethylpolysiloxanes) or mixtures of said substances. Suitable
hydrocarbons are paraffins or isoparaffins with 5 to 14 carbon
atoms and most preferably with 8 to 12 carbon atoms, particularly
dodecane or isododecane. Suitable liquid, readily volatile
silicones are the cyclic dimethylsiloxanes with 3 to 8 Si and
preferably with 4 to 6 Si atoms, and in particular
cyclotetradimethylsiloxane, cyclopentadimethylsiloxane or
cyclohexadimethylsiloxane. Also suitable are
dimethylsiloxane/methylalkylsiloxane cyclocopolymers, for example
Silicone FZ 3109 produced by Union Carbide which is a
dimethylsiloxane/methyloctylsiloxane cyclocopolymer. Suitable
volatile linear silicones have from 2 to 9 Si atoms.
[0121] Suitable are, for example, hexamethyldisiloxane or
alkyltrisiloxanes, such as hexylheptamethyltrisiloxane or
octylheptamethyltrisiloxane. The nonvolatile, hydrophobic oils have
a melting point below 25.degree. C. and a boiling point above
250.degree. C. and preferably above 300.degree. C. Any oil
generally known to those skilled in the art can, in principle be
used for this purpose. Suitable are vegetable or animal oils,
mineral oils, silicone oils or mixtures thereof. Suitable silicone
oils are polydimethylsiloxanes, phenylated silicones,
polyphenylmethylsiloxanes, phenyl, phenyltrimethicones,
poly(C.sub.1-C.sub.20)-alkylsiloxanes, and alkylmethylsiloxanes.
Also suitable are hydrocarbon oils, for example paraffin oils and
isoparaffin oils, squalane, oil derived from fatty acids and
polyols, particularly the triglycerides of C.sub.10- to
C.sub.30-fatty acids. Suitable vegetable oils are, for example,
sunflower oil, coconut oil, castor oil, lanolin oil, jojoba oil,
corn oil and soybean oil. Particularly preferred are hydrocarbon
oils and especially mineral oils (liquid paraffin) as well as
vegetable oils and fatty acid triglycerides.
[0122] An embodiment of the invention is a silicone-containing
two-constituent hair-care shampoo (2-in-1 shampoo). Silicone
shampoos and the preparation thereof are described, for example, in
WO 98/05296 and the literature cited therein. In current silicone
shampoos, the insoluble silicones must be dispersed in durably
stable manner which places stringent requirements on the method of
preparation in terms of achieving a certain particle size. Or
additives are needed to bring about stabilization, for example
thickeners which confer to the composition a separation-preventing
flow limit. According to the invention, such measures may be
omitted, because dispersion immediately before the application does
not require a lasting stability of the dispersion. One of the
constituents of the two-constituent shampoo contains an aqueous
composition with at least one detersive surfactant selected from
among anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic or amphoteric surfactants.
The second constituent contains a water-insoluble, volatile or
nonvolatile silicone compound either in the pure form or in a
suitable solvent or as an aqueous pre-emulsion. In addition,
preferably at least one of the two constituents contains a cationic
polymer known to promote silicone deposition on the hair. Suitable
surfactants, silicones and cationic polymers are, besides those
mentioned hereinabove, those indicated in WO 98/05296.
[0123] Hair-care compositions that can be prepared according to the
invention are obtained from a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic
constituent and contain at least one active ingredient selected
from among the C.sub.10- to C.sub.30-fatty alcohols, the above-said
oils and the above-indicated cationic hair-care substances. The
finished mixture is preferably a fatty alcohol dispersion. The
fatty alcohols can be present in an amount from 0.1-20 wt. %,
preferably from 0.5 to 10 wt. % and particularly from 1 to 8 wt. %.
Suitable fatty alcohols are primary alcohols, particularly
1-alkanols with 6 to 26 carbon atoms and preferably 12 to 22 carbon
atoms. The use of octanol, decanol, dodecanol or lauryl alcohol,
tetradecanol or myristic alcohol, hexadecanol or cetyl alcohol,
octadecanol or stearyl alcohol or a mixture of these fatty alcohols
was found to be particularly advantageous. A particularly preferred
fatty alcohol is cetyl alcohol. The fatty alcohols can be used as
an appropriate fluid composition. For example, if they are solid at
room temperature, they. can be in the form of a solution or
dispersion in a suitable dissolving or dispersing medium, for
example in the form of an aqueous pre-emulsion. Cationic hair-care
substances are those mentioned in the foregoing and they can be
contained in the finished mixture in an amount from 0.01 to 10 wt.
% and most preferably from 0.05 to 5 wt. %.
[0124] One embodiment concerns a creamy, highly viscous hair-care
composition which after use is preferably rinsed out (rinse
product). The fatty alcohol content of said composition is
preferably from 0.01 to 20 wt. % and most preferably from 1 to 10
wt. %. The viscosity is preferably from 1000 to 10,000 mPa s, and
most preferably from 1500 to 8,000 mPa s, determined by a dynamic
viscosity-measuring method with a HAAKE VT 550 rotational
viscosimeter at a temperature of 25.degree. C. with a testing
spindle in accordance with German Industry Standard [DIN] 53019
(SV-DIN) at a shearing rate of 50 s.sup.-1. Another embodiment
concerns sprayable leave-in hair-care compositions. These
compositions consist of a hydrophilic and a hydrophobic phase that
are dispersed with the aid of a micromixer. They contain
essentially the same ingredients as the above-said hair-care
compositions. The amount of hydrophobic phase contained therein is
appreciably reduced compared to that contained in the creamy
hair-care compositions intended to be rinsed out so that no viscous
or liquid-crystalline structures are formed. The viscosity is
appreciably lower, and the products are sprayable. The fatty
alcohol content of leave-in products is preferably from 0.01 to 3
wt. % and most preferably from 0.1 to 1 wt. %. The viscosity of
leave-in products is preferably from 100 to 2000 mPa s and most
preferably from 300 to 1500 mPa s, determined by a dynamic
viscosity-measuring method with a HAAKE VT 550 rotational
viscosimeter at a temperature of 25.degree. C. with a testing
spindle in accordance with German Industry Standard [DIN] 53019
(SV-DIN) at a shearing rate of 50 s.sup.-1. The sprayability is
improved over that of conventionally prepared sprayable hair-care
compo-sitions.
[0125] Hair colorants that can be prepared according to the
invention can contain in a first constituent at least one
hair-coloring substance or at least one oxidation dye precursor
which can be converted oxidatively into a hair dye, and in a second
constituent at least one substance selected from among oxidants,
hair-care substances and viscosity-increasing substances. The
non-oxidative hair-coloring substance s are hair-coloring inorganic
pigments or soluble, organic dyes directly taken up by the
hair.
[0126] The method of the invention is particularly advantageous for
the preparation of oxidation colorants. As a rule, oxidation
colorant consist of two constituents: (i) the dye carrier
composition containing the dye precursors and (ii) the oxidant
preparation, these constituents being mixed shortly before use and
then applied to the hair to be colored. A higher or lower viscosity
is obtained during mixing depending on the viscosity and mixing
ratio of the two constituents. A higher viscosity, in particular,
confers to the colorant a good adhesion. In addition, the hair
dresser often needs higher viscosities for his work, for example
for special strand or film techniques and for precisely aimed work
with the coloring brush or accentuation brush. With the method of
the invention, highly viscous mixtures with good adhesion and
coloring properties can be obtained in a simple manner.
[0127] Suitable oxidants for color development are mainly hydrogen
peroxide or the addition compounds thereof to urea, melamine or
sodium borate in the form of a 1 to 12% and preferably 1.5 to 6%
aqueous solution. The mixing ratio of colorant to oxidant depends
on the concentration of the oxidant and as a rule is about 5:1 to
1:2 and preferably 1:1 . The amount of oxidant in the ready-to-use
mixture is preferably about 0.5 to 8 wt. % and particularly 1 to 4
wt. %.
[0128] The hair colorants can be based on a cream in emulsion form.
Preferred hair colorants contain (a) water, (b) at least one waxy
or fatty substance that is solid at room temperature (25.degree.
C.) or an oily substance that is liquid at room temperature, c) at
least one surfactant and (d) at least one direct hair dye or at
least one oxidation dye precursor. The total amount of dyes or dye
precursors is preferably about 0.01 to 10 wt. % and most preferably
about 0.2 to 7 wt. %. Suitable direct dyes are, for example,
triphenylmethane dyes, aromatic nitro dyes, azo dyes, quinone dyes
and cationic or anionic dyes. Suitable are: nitro dyes (blue),
nitro dyes (red), nitro dyes (yellow), basic dyes, neutral azo dyes
and acid dyes.
[0129] At least one coupler and at least one developer are used as
dye precursors. Developers are, for example, 1,4-diaminobenzene
(p-phenylenediamine), 1,4-diamino-2-methylbenzene
(p-toluylenediamine) 1,4-diamino-2-(thiophen-2-yl)benzene,
1,4-diamino-2-(thiophen-3-yl)benzene,
1,4-diamino-2-(pyridin-3-yl)benzene, 2,5-diaminobiphenyl,
1,4-diamino-2-methoxymethylbenzene,
1,4-diamino-2-aminomethylbenzene,
1,4-diamino-2-hydroxymethylbenzene,
4-[di(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]aniline,
1,4-diamino-2-(1-hydroxyethyl)benzene
1,4-diamino-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzene,
1,3-bis[(4-aminophenyl)(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-propanol,
1,8-bis(2,5-diaminophenoxy)-3,6-dioxaoctane,
2,5-diamino-4'-hydroxy-1,1'-biphenyl,
2,5-diamino-2'-trifluoromethyl-1,1'-biphenyl,
2,4',5'-triamino-1,1'-biphenyl, 4-aminophenol,
4-amino-3-methylphenol, 4-methylaminophenol,
4-amino-2-(aminomethyl)phenol,
4-amino-2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]methylphenol,
4-ami-no-2-(methoxymethyl)phenol, 5-aminosalicylic acid,
2,4,5,6-tetraaminopyrimidine, 2,5,6-triamino-4-(1H)-pyrimidone,
4,5-diamino-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1H-pyrazole,
4,5-diamino-1-(1-pentyl)-1H-pyrazole,
4,5-diamino-1-(phenylmethyl)-1 H-pyrazole,
4,5-diamino-1-(4-methoxyphenyl)methyl-1H-pyrazole, 2-aminophenol,
2-amino-6-methylphenol , 2-amino-5-methylphenol,
1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene, 2,4-diaminophenol, 1,4-dihydroxybenzene
and 2-[(4-aminophenyl) -amino]methyl)-1,4-di-aminobenzene.
[0130] Couplers are, for example: (3-dimethylaminophenyl)urea,
2,6-diaminopyridine, 2-amino-4-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]anisole,
2,4-diamino-1-fluoro-5-methylbenzene,
2,4-diamino-1-ethoxy-5-methylbenzene,
2,4-diamino-1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-5-methylbenzene,
3-amino-6-methoxy-2-(methylamino)pyridine,
3,5-diamino-2,6-dimethoxypyridine, 1,3-diaminobenzene,
2,4-diamino-1-(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzene,
1,3-diamino-4-(3-hydroxypropoxy)benzene,
1,3-diamino-4-(2-methoxyethoxy)benzene,
1,3-di(2,4-diaminophenoxy)propane,
2,6-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)aminotoluene, 5-amino-2-methylphenol,
5-amino-4-fluoro-2-methylphenol, 3-amino-2,4-dichlorophenol,
3-amino-2-chloro-6-methylphenol, 3-aminophenol,
5[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-2-methylphenol, 2-amino-3-hydroxypyridine,
2,6-dihydroxy-3,4-dimethyl-pyridine,
5-amino-4-chloro-2-methylphenol, 1-naphthol,
1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 1,7-dihydroxynaphthalene,
2,7-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2-methyl-1-naphthol acetate,
1,3-dihydroxybenzene, 1-chloro-2,4-dihydroxybenzene,
1,3-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzene,
5-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-1,3-benzodioxol, 3,4-diaminobenzoic acid,
3,4-dihydro-6-hydroxy-1,4(2H)-benzoxazine,
3-methyl-1-phenyl-5-pyrazolone, 5,6-dihydroxyindole,
5,6-dihydroxyindoline, 6-hydroxyindole, and 2,3-indolinedione.
[0131] Known dyes commonly used for hair coloring are those
described, for example, in E. Sagarin "Cosmetics, Science and
Technology", Interscience Publishers Inc., New York (1957), pages
503 ff, in H. Janistyn "Handbuch der Kosmetika und Riechstoffe"
[Handbook of Cosmetics and Perfumes], volume 3 (1973), pages 388 ff
and K. Schrader "Grundlagen und Rezepturen der Kosmetika"
[Fundamentals and Formulations of Cosmetics], 2nd edition (1989),
pages 782-815.
[0132] Suitable hair-coloring pigments are coloring materials that
are practically insoluble in the application medium and can be
inorganic or organic. Inorganic-organic mixed pigments are also
usable.
[0133] The pigments are preferably nanopigments. The preferred
particle size is from 1 to 200 .mu.m, particularly from 3 to 150
.mu.m and most preferably from 10 to 100 .mu.m. Inorganic pigments
are preferred. The inorganic pigments can be of natural origin, for
example prepared from chalk, ocher, umber, green earth, burned
terra di Siena or graphite. The pigments can be white, for example
titanium dioxide or zinc oxide, or black, for example black iron
oxide, they can be brightly colored, for example ultramarine or red
iron oxide, they can be lustrous, confer a metallic effect, or
nacreous pigments as well as fluorescent or phosphorescent
pigments, preferably at least one pigment being a colored, nonwhite
pigment. Suitable are metal oxides, metal hydroxides or metal oxide
hydrates, mixed phase pigments, sulfur-containing silicates, metal
sulfides, complex metal cyanides, metal sulfates, metal chromates,
metal molybdates and metals themselves (bronze pigments).
Particularly well suited are titanium dioxide (Cl 77891), black
iron oxide (Cl 77499), yellow iron oxide (Cl 77492), red and brown
iron oxide (Cl 77491), manganese violet (Cl 77742), ultramarine
(sodium aluminum sulfosilicates, Cl 77007, Pigment Blue 29),
chromium oxide hydrate (Cl 77289), Prussian blue (ferric
ferrocyanide, Cl 77510) and carmine (cochineal). Particularly
preferred are mica-based pigments coated with a metal oxide or a
metal oxychloride such as titanium dioxide or bismuth oxychloride
and possibly with other color-imparting substances such as iron
oxides, Prussian blue, ultramarine, carmine etc., the color of such
pigments being determined by varying the thickness of the coating.
Such pigments are marketed in Germany by Merck under the commercial
names of, for example, Rona.RTM., Colorona.RTM., Dichrona.RTM. and
Timiron.RTM.. Organic pigments are, for example, the natural
pigments sepia, gamboge, bone charcoal, Cassel brown, indigo,
chlorophyll and other vegetable pigments. Synthetic organic
pigments are anthraquinoids, indigoids, dioxazine pigments,
quinacridone pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, isoindolinone
pigments, perylene pigments and perinone pigments, metal complex
pigments, alkali blue pigments and diketopyrrolopyrrol
pigments.
[0134] For non-oxidative colorants based on direct dyes, the pH of
the colorants of the invention is in the range of about 5 to 10 and
preferably about 6 to 9, whereas for oxidative colorants based on
oxidation dye precursors the pH is in the range from about 6 to 12
and preferably from 9 to 11, the pH of the ready-to-use oxidation
hair colorant (namely of the mixture of the hair colorant of the
invention and the oxidant) is from about 5.5 to 10 and preferably
from 6 to 9. Depending on the composition and the pH desired for
the colorant, the pH is preferably adjusted with ammonia or an
organic amine, for example a glucamine, aminomethylpropanol,
monoethanolamine or triethanolamine, an inorganic base, for example
sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate or calcium
hydroxide, or with an organic or inorganic acid, for example lactic
acid, citric acid, acetic acid or phosphoric acid.
[0135] By the method of the invention, cosmetic sunscreens can also
be prepared just before use, such mixtures containing at least one
active sunscreen ingredient. Particularly preferred are disperse
sunscreens containing either insoluble light-protection agents in
finely dispersed form or disperse sunscreens consisting of an oil
or lipid phase and an aqueous phase, namely OIW or W/O emulsions.
Current sunscreens are difficult to stabilize so as to meet the
stringent requirements for long-term stability, and, moreover, a
selection of a specially adapted emulsifier mixture is needed. The
two-constituent sunscreens of the invention which are dispersed
just before use have the advantage that the requirements on the
emulsifier system are substantially lower, that other, in
particular more skin-friendly, emulsifiers can be used, that the
amount of emulsifiers can be reduced or that the emulsifier can be
totally or partly omitted. The light-protection agent can be
selected from among UV light-absorbing inorganic pigments,
inorganic nanopigments and oil-soluble or water-soluble organic,
UVA-, UVB- or UVA/UVB filter substances. Suitable filter substances
are, for example, 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid and salts
thereof, cinnamic acid derivatives, salicylic acid derivatives,
camphor derivatives, triazine derivatives, benzophenone
derivatives, dibenzo-ylmethane derivatives, .beta., .beta.-diphenyl
acrylate derivatives, p-aminobenzoic acid derivatives, menthyl
anthranilate, polymers with light-protective action and silicones
with light-protective action. The sunscreen agents prepared
according to the invention are characterized by an improved
light-protection factor.
[0136] According to the method of the invention, cosmetic,
dermatological or pharmaceutical skin creams can also be prepared
just before use. In this case, the product is an emulsion formed by
an aqueous phase and a hydrophobic phase and contains at least one
skin-care, dermatological or pharmaceutical active ingredient, and
the dispersion of the phases is carried out in a micromixer. As a
rule, the skin cream contains water, a fatty or waxy substance, an
emulsifier and an active ingredient. The active ingredient can be a
cosmetic oils, emollient, vitamin, vitamin derivative, provitamine,
essential fatty acid, sphingolipid, phospholipid, ceramide, betain,
panthenol, a pharmaceutical agent etc. Skin creams prepared
according to the invention are characterized by an improved skin
feel, improved distribution of the active ingredients, better
takeup of the active ingredients by the skin and a reduction in the
amount required. Moreover, the amount of emulsifiers can be
reduced, which reduces the risk of skin irritation.
[0137] According to the method of the invention, it is also
possible to prepare hair preparations or cosmetic skin preparations
containing at least one powdered solid in finely dispersed form,
for which the dispersion of the solid is performed in a micromixer.
Suitable solids are, for example, pigments, nacreous pigments,
talc, mica, kaolin, zinc oxides, titanium oxides, precipitated
calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydrogen
carbonate, silicic acid, glass beads, ceramic beads, powdered
polymers etc. The solids are preferably in an appropriate
presuspension.
[0138] According to the method of the invention, active ingredient
preparations containing perfume oils and fragrances can also be
prepared just before use. In this case, a first constituent
contains a nonperfumed active ingredient composition and a second
constituent contains at least one perfume oil or fragrance. In this
manner, it is possible to use kinds and amounts of fragrances which
in combination with the active ingredient preparation would
otherwise not be stable over a long period of time. Moreover, the
user can, when using exchangeable package parts for the individual
constituents, combine different active ingredient compositions
containing different perfumes.
[0139] The constituents can have other active ingredients and
additives besides those already mentioned. Suitable active
ingredients and additives are, for example, other detersive
anionic, nonionic or amphoteric surfactants, antidandruff agents,
hair-care and skin-care substances such as quaternized alkylamines,
cationic polymers of natural or synthetic origin, proteins and
derivatives thereof, such as hydrolyzates of collagen, keratin,
silk protein and wheat protein as well as silicone compounds.
Moreover, the following can be used: perfume oils, dyes,
opacifiers, such as ethylene glycol distaearate; hair-conditioning
agents such as synthetic or natural phospholipids or quaternary
derivatives of starch or cellulose; dissolution promoters such as
short-chain alcohols, for example ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol,
or glycols such as butylene glycol or propylene glycol; amino
acids, for example, histidine, glycine, alanine, threonine,
arginine, cysteine and the derivatives thereof, for example fatty
acid condensation products or quaternary products; other active
ingredients such as plant extracts, vitamins, allantoin, chitosan,
preservatives etc.
[0140] The advantages of the products mixed according to the
invention consist of an optimum particle size distribution of the
homogenized particles, optimum distribution of the disperse phase
in the external phase, a high active surface area, a reduced amount
of emulsifier needed and thus improved skin compatibility, improved
efficacy of the cosmetic active ingredients and auxiliary agents,
improved crystallization behavior and improved rheological
properties. The hair-treatment and skin-treatment agents prepared
according to the invention have the advantage that they make
possible a more uniform deposition of active ingredients on the
hair or on the skin than do conventionally prepared products. The
narrower particle size distribution improves the takeup by the
hair.
EXAMPLES
[0141] The following exemplary formulations can be used in
combination with a packaging unit of the invention.
Example 1
Hair-Styling Gel From Two Low-Viscosity Phases
[0142] TABLE-US-00001 Constituent 1: 0.5 g of carbomer
(cross-linked polyacrylic acid, Carbopol .RTM. 980) 40 g of water
Constituent 2: 2 g of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K90) 3 g of
glycerol 0.4 g of aminomethylpropanol 0.4 g of PEG-40 HYDROGENATED
CASTOR OIL (Cremophor .RTM. CO410) 0.2 g of perfume 15 g of ethanol
to 50 g water
Example 2
Oxidative Hair Colorant
[0143] TABLE-US-00002 Constituent 1: 17 g of cetearyl alcohol 1.9 g
of sodium laurylsulfate 1.4 g of sodium lauryl ether sulfate 2.1 g
of lanolin alcohol 6.1 g of glyceryl stearate 0.4 g of sodium
cocylisethionate 1.4 g of ammonia 6 g of isopropanol 0.6 g of
sodium sulfite 0.3 g of EDTA 0.06 g of p-aminophenol hydrochloride
0.65 g of p-toluylenediamine sulfate 0.26 g of resorcinol 0.3 g of
perfume oil to 100 g water Constituent 2: 6% hydrogen peroxide
solution or hydrogen peroxide emulsion: 10.0 g of cetylstearyl
alcohol 1.5 g of cholesterol 4.0 g of sodium lauryl alcohol
diethylene glycol ether sulfate, 28% aqueous solution 35.0 g of
hydrogen peroxide, 35% aqueous solution 0.3 g of perfume to 100.0 g
water
Example 3
Shampoo
[0144] TABLE-US-00003 Constituent 1: 30 g of sodium lauryl ether
sulfate 8 g of cocamidopropylbetaine 3 g of ethylene glycol
distearate 0.35 g of sodium benzoate 0.15 g of sodium formate 0.2 g
of sodium chloride to 100 g water Constituent 2: Cationic polymer
and/or perfume and/or silicone oil in an appropriate solvent or as
aqueous pre-emulsion
Example 4
Sunscreen Agent
[0145] TABLE-US-00004 INCI/EU Wt. % Oil phase Parsol 1789 BUTYL
METHOXYDIBENZOYL- 0.30 METHANE Neo Heliopan AV/OA OCTYL
METHOXYCINNAMATE 10.00 Hostaphat KL 340 N TRILAURETH-4 PHOSPHATE
0.60 Hostacerin DGI POLYGLYCERYL-2 SESQUIISO- 0.70 STEARATE
Phenoxetol PHENOXYETHANOL 1.00 Cetiol 868 OCTYL STEARATE 5.00
Primol 352 MINERAL OIL 5.00 Abil Wax 9801D CETYL DIMETHICONE --
Aqueous phase: Carbopol 2984 CARBOMER 0.30 Sodium hydroxide SODIUM
HYDROXIDE 0.06 Glycerol, 86% GLYCEROL 5.00 Water, demineralized
AQUA to 100
Example 5
Sunscreen Agent
[0146] TABLE-US-00005 INCI/EU Wt. % Oil phase Parsol 1789 BUTYL
METHOXYDIBENZOYL- 0.30 METHANE Neo Heliopan AV/OA OCTYL
METHOXYCINNAMATE 10.00 Hostaphat KL 340 N TRILAURETH-4 PHOSPHATE
0.60 Hostacerin DGI POLYGLYCERYL-2 SESQUIISO- 0.70 STEARATE
Phenoxetol PHENOXYETHANOL 1.00 Cetiol 868 OCTYL STEARATE 9.00
Primol 352 MINERAL OIL -- Abil Wax 9801D CETYL DIMETHICONE 1.00
Aqueous phase: Carbopol 2984 CARBOMER 0.30 Sodium hydroxide SODIUM
HYDROXIDE 0.06 Glycerol, 86% GLYCEROL 5.00 Water, demineralized
AQUA to 100
Example 6
Sunscreen Agent
[0147] TABLE-US-00006 INCI/EU Wt. % Lipid phase Parsol 1789 BUTYL
METHOXYDIBENZOYL- 1.50 METHANE PHB-methyl ester METHYLPARABEN 0.20
Neo Heliopan OCTYL METHOXY- 10.00 AV/OA CINNAMATE Neo Heliopan
OCTOCRYLENE 10.00 Type 303 Finsolv TN C12-15 ALKYL BENZOATE 2.50
Eutanol G OCTYLDODECANOL 10.00 Antaron V 216 PVP/HEXADECENE 2.00
COPOLYMER Vitamin E acetate TOCOPHERYL ACETATE 0.50 Perfume PERFUME
0.30 Abil Wax 9801D CETYL DIMETHICONE 0.50 Aqueous phase: Carbopol
1382 ACRYLATES/C10-30 ALKYL 0.45 ACRYLATE CROSSPOLYMER Colorona
Oriental MICA (and) CI 77891 0.05 Beige 17237 (and) CI 77491)
Glycerol 86% GLYCEROL 5.00 Edeta BD DISODIUM EDTA 0.01 Sodium
hydroxide SODIUM HYDROXIDE 0.18 D-Panthenol PANTHENOL 0.50 Water,
demineralized AQUA to 100 Dekaben LMB IODOPROPYNYL BUTYL- 0.50
CARAMATE
Example 7
O/W Body Lotion
[0148] TABLE-US-00007 INCI/EU Wt. % Oil phase: Paraffin oil
subliquidum PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUM 7.50 Cetagol V CETEARYL
ISONONANOATE 2.50 Avocado oil PERSEA GRATISSIMA 2.00 Hostaphat 340
D TRILAURETH-4 PHOSPHATE 3.50 Methylparaben METHYLPARABEN 0.20
Propylparaben PROPYLPARABEM 0.05 Perfume PARFUM 0.50 Aqueous phase:
Carbopol 2984 CARBOMER 0.30 Sodium hydroxide SODIUM HYDROXIDE 0.06
Phenoxetol PHENOXYETHANOL 0.60 Glycerol 86% GLYCEROL 5.00 Water,
demineralized AQUA to 100
Example 8
W/O Body Lotion
[0149] TABLE-US-00008 INCI/EU Wt. % Oil phase: Paraffin oil
subliquidum PARAFFINUM LIQUIDUM 15.00 Cetiol 868 ETHYLHEXYL
STEARATE 12.00 Dehymuls PGPH POLYGLYCERYL-2 2.00 DIPOLYHYDROXY
STEARATE Zincum N29 ZINC STEARATE 0.50 Vitamin E - Acetate
TOCOPHERYL ACETATE 0.50 Methylparaben METHYLPARABEN 0.20
Propylparaben PROPYLPARABEN 0.05 Perfume PERFUME 0.50 Aqueous
phase: Zinc sulfate 7-hydrate ZINC SULFATE Phenoxetol
PHENOXYETHANOL 0.60 Glycerol 86% GLYCEROL 8.00 Water, demineralized
AQUA to 100
List of Reference Numerals
[0150] 1 disk
[0151] 2 inlet opening
[0152] 3 linking channel
[0153] 4 outlet opening
[0154] 5 mixing zone
[0155] 6 microstructure unit
[0156] 7 part channel
[0157] 8 recess
[0158] 9 flow-through opening
[0159] 10 built-in structures
[0160] 11 housing
[0161] 12 through-hole
[0162] 12a fluid inlet
[0163] 13 additional part channel
[0164] 13a closure
[0165] 14 fixing element
[0166] 15 cover
[0167] 16 fluid outlet
[0168] 17 external container
[0169] 18a,b internal container
* * * * *