U.S. patent application number 11/292638 was filed with the patent office on 2007-06-07 for selective enablement and disablement of a mobile communications device based upon location.
This patent application is currently assigned to INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION. Invention is credited to Thomas E. Creamer, Neil A. Katz, Victor S. Moore.
Application Number | 20070129083 11/292638 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 38119463 |
Filed Date | 2007-06-07 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070129083 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Creamer; Thomas E. ; et
al. |
June 7, 2007 |
Selective enablement and disablement of a mobile communications
device based upon location
Abstract
A system for controlling the functionality of a mobile
communications device based upon geographic location is provided.
The system includes a location determining unit to determine a
geographic location of the mobile communications device. The system
further includes a location database in communication with the
location determining unit. The location database contain one or
more data elements designating one or more geographic locations as
communications-limited zones within which the mobile communications
device is precluded from performing one or more predetermined
functions.
Inventors: |
Creamer; Thomas E.; (Boca
Raton, FL) ; Katz; Neil A.; (Parkland, FL) ;
Moore; Victor S.; (Lake City, FL) |
Correspondence
Address: |
AKERMAN SENTERFITT
P. O. BOX 3188
WEST PALM BEACH
FL
33402-3188
US
|
Assignee: |
INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES
CORPORATION
Armonk
NY
|
Family ID: |
38119463 |
Appl. No.: |
11/292638 |
Filed: |
December 2, 2005 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
455/456.1 |
Current CPC
Class: |
H04W 4/029 20180201;
H04W 4/02 20130101; H04W 48/04 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
455/456.1 |
International
Class: |
H04Q 7/20 20060101
H04Q007/20 |
Claims
1. A method of controlling the functionality of a mobile
communications device based upon geographic location, the method
comprising: identifying a geographic location of the mobile
communications device; based on the geographic location,
determining whether the mobile communications device is prohibited
from performing at least one predetermined communications function
by querying a location database containing data elements
designating at least one geographic area as a
communications-controlled zone within which the mobile
communications device is prohibited from performing the at least
one predetermined communications function during a predetermined
time period; receiving from at least one content provider at least
one geographic area to designate as a communications-controlled
zone during a predetermined time period and adding to the location
database a data element corresponding to the at least one
geographic area and predetermined time; and, determining whether
the at least one content provider has consented to a for-fee
performance of the predetermined communications function within the
designated communications-controlled zone.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising selectively denying a
functionality to the mobile communications device for performing
the at least one predetermined communications function when the
mobile communications device is located within a predetermined
geographic location.
3. The method of claim 1, further comprising providing a message to
the mobile communications device informing a user that performing
the at least one predetermined communications function is
prohibited when the mobile communications device is located within
a predetermined geographic location during a predetermined time
period.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising enabling a user of the
mobile communications device to perform the at least one
predetermined communications function if the user consents to pay a
predetermined fee.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of identifying comprises
identifying a current position of the mobile communications device
based on at least one of data received from a global positioning
system (GPS) satellite, a signal exchange between the mobile
communications device and a communications service provider, a
direction of a signal from the mobile communications device to a
receiver located at a predetermined location that receives a signal
from the mobile communications device, and a strength of a signal
from the mobile communications device to a receiver located at a
predetermined location that receives a signal from the mobile
communications device.
6. (canceled)
7. (canceled)
8. (canceled)
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising receiving from at
least one content provider an indicator indicating at least one
communications function that the mobile communication is prohibited
from performing within the at least one geographic area during the
predetermined time.
10. A system for controlling the functionality of a mobile
communications device based upon geographic location, the system
comprising: a location determining unit to determine a geographic
location of the mobile communications device; and a location
database in communication with the location determining unit, the
location database containing data elements that designate at least
one geographic location as a communication-limited zone within
which the mobile communications device is precluded from performing
at least one predetermined function; wherein the location
determining unit is configured to query the location database to
determine whether the mobile communications device is located in a
communications-limited zone, to receive from at least one content
provider at least one geographic area to designate as a
communications-limited zone during a predetermined time period, to
add to the location database a data element corresponding to the at
least one geographic area and predetermined time, and to determine
whether the at least one content provider has consented to a
for-fee performance of the predetermined communications
function.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the mobile communications
device is an Internet protocol-enabled mobile communication device
having a capability to communicatively link to a Web server that
conveys a data stream.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein the mobile communications
device is mobile communications device having a capability to
provide an Internet protocol-enabled video data stream.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein the mobile communications
devices is a mobile communications device having a capability to
operate as a mobile Internet protocol-enabled video server.
14. The system of claim 10, further comprising a mobile
communications device functionality determiner to determine whether
the mobile communications has at least one of a predetermined set
of functional capabilities.
15. A system for allocating property rights in information content
conveyed with a mobile communications device, the system
comprising: a service controller for selectively enabling and
disabling at least one predetermined communications function
preformed performed by the mobile communications device based on a
geographical location; a location database in communication with
the service controller, the location database containing data
elements that designate at least one geographic location as a
communications-controlled zone and further indicating whether at
least one content provider has consented to a for-fee performance
of the predetermined communications function; and a transacting
unit for assessing a fee charged to a user of the mobile
communications device in response to the service controller
selectively enabling the mobile communications device to perform
the least one predetermined communications function when the
communications device is located in a communication-controlled
zone; wherein the transacting unit is configured to receive
information from the at least one content provider, the received
information indicating a geographical area as a
communications-controlled zone and further indicating a fee for
performing the at least one communications function when the mobile
communications device is located within the
communications-controlled zone.
16. The system of claim 15, wherein the service controller provides
a message to the user of the mobile communications device
indicating a fee for enabling the at least one predetermined
communications function.
17. The system of claim 15, wherein the service controller enables
the at least one predetermined communications function if the user
of the communications device signals agreement to pay the assessed
fee.
18. (canceled)
19. The system of claim 15, wherein the transacting unit generates
a charge to the user of the mobile communications device in
response to enabling the performance of the at least one
communications function.
20. The system of claim 19, wherein the transacting unit computes a
remittance to be received by a content provider based on the charge
to the user of the mobile communications device.
21. A system for allocating property rights in information content
conveyed with a mobile communications device, the system
comprising: a service controller for selectively enabling and
disabling at least one predetermined communications function
performed by the mobile communications device based on a
geographical location; a location database in communication with
the service controller, the location database containing data
elements that designate at least one geographic location as a
communications-controlled zone and further indicating whether at
least one content provider has consented to a for-fee performance
of the predetermined communications function; and a transacting
unit for assessing a fee charged to a user of the mobile
communications device in response to the service controller
selectively enabling the mobile communications device to perform
the least one predetermined communications function when the
communications device is located in a communication-controlled
zone; wherein the transacting unit is configured to receive
information from the at least one content provider, the received
information indicating a geographical area as a
communications-controlled zone and further indicating a fee for
performing the at least one communications function when the mobile
communications device is located within the
communications-controlled zone; wherein the transacting unit is
further configured to generate a charge to the user of the mobile
communications device in response to enabling the performance of
the at least one communications function and further configured to
compute a remittance to be received by a content provider based on
the charge to the user of the mobile communications device.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention is related to the field of electronic
communications and, more particularly, to mobile communications
devices.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The persistent pace of development in wireless
communications technology continues to add to the capability and
functionality of mobile communications devices. Mobile
communications devices now allow device users to transmit and
receive voice, data, pictures, and even video using the
radio-frequency spectrum rather than more conventional fixed,
physical connections of metal wire or fiber optic cable. Advances
in wireless communications technology, accordingly, have provided
tremendous flexibility as to where and when mobile device users can
transmit and receive various forms of information.
[0003] Continuing improvements in wireless communications are
expected to further add to the capability and functionality of
mobile communications devices. Current mobile communications
devices are able to transmit and receive at relatively low rates,
around 100 kbps, over second-generation (2G) networks using various
digital encoding protocols, such as the Global System for Mobile
communications (GSM) protocol, the Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone
Service (D-AMPS) protocol, a time division multiple access (TDMA)
protocol, and a code division multiple access (CDMA) protocol.
Mobile communications devices, meanwhile, are becoming ever more
sophisticated, with many such devices having the capability to
provide high-resolution displays and to perform as integrated
cameras. Many experts believe that in the near future mobile
communication devices will be able to receive and transmit at
broadband speeds around 2 mbps, and even greater speeds with the
eventual adoption of fourth-generation (4G) devices. Such devices
are expected to be able to transmit and receive not only pictures,
but high-speed video and high-fidelity audio as well.
[0004] Despite the undeniable benefits conferred by such advances
in mobile communications devices, they also give rise to a new
challenge, namely, how to adequately protect content providers like
producers of concerts and plays, sponsors of sporting events, and
performing musicians. These content providers face the risk that an
enhanced-capability mobile device can be used as a medium to widely
broadcast, for example, a sporting event or concert without the
consent of the content provider. As yet, there are no effective
ways to mitigate this risk.
[0005] Conventional technology further fails to fully provide
opportunities for content providers to capture the gains that could
otherwise be generated by wireless communications devices having
enhanced capabilities. Content providers who would not want a
mobile device user to use the device to impermissibly broadcast
content such as video images or audio signals relating to a
sporting event or concert might nonetheless welcome the chance to
charge a fee for such a broadcast. With fourth-generation (4G)
devices and networks, consumers might be equally eager to transmit
and receive broadcasts of such content, especially since such
devices and networks are likely to have the capability to transmit
and receive high-fidelity audio as well as broadcast video. Few if
any mechanisms yet exist, however, that would allow content
providers and potential consumers of content to efficiently
allocate property rights governing the transmission and receipt of
content via wireless communications devices.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0006] The present invention provides for the control of
predetermined functions performed by a mobile communications
device. The control of predetermined functions can include
selectively enabling and/or disabling one or more functions based
on a geographic location of the mobile communications device.
[0007] One embodiment of the invention is a system for controlling
the functionality of a mobile communications device based upon
geographic location. The system can include a location determining
unit to determine a geographic location of the mobile
communications device. The system can further include a location
database in communication with the location determining unit. The
location database can contain data elements that designate at least
one geographic location as a communication-limited zone within
which the mobile communications device is precluded from performing
at least one predetermined function.
[0008] Another embodiment of the invention is a system for
allocating property rights in information content conveyed with a
mobile communications device. The system can include a service
controller for selectively enabling and disabling at least one
predetermined communications function preformed by the mobile
communications device based on a geographical location.
Additionally, the system can include a location database in
communication with the service controller, the location database
containing data elements that designate at least one geographic
location as a communications-controlled zone. The system can
further include a transacting unit for assessing a fee charged to a
user of the mobile communications device in response to the service
controller selectively enabling the mobile communications device to
perform the at least one predetermined communications function when
the communications device is located in a communication-controlled
zone.
[0009] Yet another embodiment of the invention is a method for
controlling the functionality of a mobile communications device
based upon geographic location. The method can include identifying
a geographic location of the mobile communications device. The
method additionally can include determining whether the mobile
communications device is prohibited from performing at least one
predetermined communications function, the determination being
based on the geographic location of the device.
[0010] Still another embodiment of the invention is a
computer-readable storage medium. The computer-readable storage
medium can include one or more computer instructions for
identifying a geographic location of the mobile communication
device. Additionally, the computer-readable storage medium can
include one or more computer instructions for determining, based on
the geographic location of the device, whether the mobile
communication device is authorized to perform at least one
predetermined function.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0011] There are shown in the drawings, embodiments which are
presently preferred, it being understood, however, that the
invention is not limited to the precise arrangements and
instrumentalities shown.
[0012] FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a system for selectively
controlling the functions performed with a mobile communications
device, according to one embodiment of the invention.
[0013] FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a system for selectively
enabling/disabling different functionalities of a mobile
communications device, according to another embodiment of the
invention.
[0014] FIG. 3 a flowchart of exemplary steps for performing a
method of controlling the functionality of a mobile communications
device based upon geographic location, according to yet another
embodiment of the present invention
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0015] The present invention allows the functionality of a mobile
communications device to be controlled based on the geographic
location of the device. By controlling the functionality of the
mobile communications device, certain capabilities of the device
can be selectively enabled and/or disabled in accordance with where
the device is located at a particular time. Control of device
functionality based on geographic location can be used to prevent a
user of a mobile communications device from illicitly broadcasting
video and/or audio signals relating to a sports contest, concert,
or other such event. Moreover, selective enablement of different
functionalities of a mobile communications device can also be used
as a mechanism by which a sponsor of such an event can charge a fee
for allowing a device user to broadcast the event using a
particular functionality of the device.
[0016] FIG. 1 is schematic illustration of a system 100 for
controlling the functionality of a mobile communications device 102
based upon geographic location, according to one embodiment of the
invention. The system 100 illustratively includes a location
determining unit 104 that determines a geographic location of the
mobile communications device 102. The system 100 further
illustratively includes a location database 106 in communication
with the location determining unit 104, the location database
containing data elements that designate one or more geographic
locations as communication-limited zones within which the mobile
communications device 102 is precluded from performing at least one
predetermined function.
[0017] The mobile communications device 102 illustratively includes
a plurality of capabilities or functions 108 that the device can
perform. According to one embodiment, the mobile communications
device 102 has the capability to perform as a data communications
network-enabled device that operates according to a specific
protocol, such as the Internet protocol (IP). A particular
capability of the mobile communications device 102, according to
this embodiment, is the capability to connect to a Web service
through which a data stream can be broadcast to one or more users
110a-c of devices having the capability to receive and process the
data stream. Such devices, for example, could constitute a class of
video weblog, or "blog," rooms, as will be readily understood by
one of ordinary skill in the art. The device users 110a-c,
accordingly, are able to select a particular channel to which they
subscribe and to view over the channel a broadcast transmitted by
the mobile communications device 102.
[0018] Additionally or alternatively, the mobile communications
device 102 itself can have capabilities that permit the device to
function as a mobile IP video stream server (supported through
mobile-IP) by which end-use subscribers can connect directly to the
device and access a video stream. The capability of the mobile
communications device 102 to perform the function of a mobile IP
video stream would inevitably be limited by the bandwidth of the
wireless channel used to broadcast the video stream, and a
broadcaster using the device would necessarily limit the number of
video streams supplied based upon the available bandwidth.
[0019] Yet a third capability that the mobile communications device
102 can have is to function as a mobile IP video server supporting
multi-cast IP. With this function, end-use subscribers having
access to a multi-cast IP network are able to subscribe to a
multi-cast IP stream provided by the mobile communications device
102. The three different functions described are merely
representative, and it will be readily apparent to one of ordinary
skill that the system and procedures described herein apply equally
well with respect to various other functions performed by different
types of mobile communications devices. Indeed, the system and
procedures described herein apply generally to mobile
communications device having the capability to convey audio, video,
and/or other forms of information content to one or more devices
configured to receive the information content.
[0020] Independent of which functions the mobile communications
device 102 is capable of performing, the location determining unit
104 determines the geographic location of the device. According to
one embodiment, the location determining unit 104 comprises a
global positioning satellite (GPS) system. Based on an emitted
signal, the GPS system locates the mobile communications device 102
and returns a signal indicating the location. The indicated
location is illustratively conveyed by the mobile communications
device 102 itself to a location service 112 that maintains the
location database 106. In an alternative embodiment, the GPS system
or other location determining unit 104 can convey an indicator of
the geographic location of the mobile communications device 102
directly to the location service 112.
[0021] It is to be noted at this juncture, however, that the
invention is location-protocol agnostic in the sense that the
location determining unit 104 can utilize various other
location-determining protocols apart from that based on the GPS
system. For example, according to another embodiment, the location
determining unit 104 can determine the location of the mobile
communications device 102 based on a protocol utilized by a
provider of network communications services to the particular
device. In the context of a cellular device, for example, a
provider of cellular services can determine a location of the
device based on various indicators, such as the channel allocated
to the device or a signal exchange between the service provider and
the mobile communications device. According to still other
embodiments, the location determining unit 104 can determine the
location of the mobile communications device 102 using known
direction finding and/or distance determining mechanisms, such as
those based on a direction and/or strength of a signal emitting
from the device and received by a receiver at a predetermined
location.
[0022] The location service 112 can be the same as the service
provider that handles network communications of the mobile
communications device 102 or, alternatively, a separate entity that
handles locating services and maintains the location database 106
on behalf of one or more service providers. Optionally, the system
100 further includes a functionality determiner (not shown) that
determines whether the mobile communications device 102 has one or
more predetermined functional capabilities such as those already
described.
[0023] Using the location determining unit 104 in conjunction with
the location database 106 of the system 100, the service provider
is able to identify a geographic location of the mobile
communications device 102 at a given time and, based on the
identified geographic location, determine whether the device is
prohibited from performing one or more predetermined communications
functions. If the mobile communications device 102 is prohibited
from performing a predetermined communications function, then the
location service 112 can refuse to enable the function if a device
user signals a request to perform the function. Alternatively, if
the mobile communications device 102 is already enabled for
performing the predetermined communications function, then the
location service 112 can take active steps to disable the device
from performing the function as long as the device is located
within a particular geographic area.
[0024] Optionally, the location service 112 can provide a message
to the mobile communications device 102 informing a user of the
device that performance of one or more communications functions is
prohibited as long as the device is located at the particular
geographic location. Refusal to enable or affirmative disablement
of a function on the device can be limited to a time period
corresponding to a particular event, such as a sporting event or
concert.
[0025] FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a system 200 for allocating
property rights in information content conveyed with a mobile
communications device 202, according to another embodiment of the
invention. The system 200 illustratively includes a service
controller 212 for selectively enabling and disabling one or more
predetermined communications functions 208 preformed by the mobile
communications device 202 based on the geographical location of the
device. Additionally, the system 200 illustratively includes a
location database 206 in communication with the service controller
212, the location database containing data elements that designate
at least one geographic location as a communications-controlled
zone. The system 200 further illustratively includes a transacting
unit 214 for assessing a fee charged to a user of the mobile
communications device for selectively enabling the mobile
communications device 202 to perform one or more predetermined
communications functions when the communications device is located
in a communication-controlled zone.
[0026] The service controller 210, according to one embodiment, can
include a transceiver unit (not shown) for transmitting and
receiving wireless signals to and from the mobile communications
device 202. The signals may be transmitted to and received from the
mobile communications device 202 directly or, alternatively,
through an intermediary, such as a cellular tower forming part of a
cellular wireless network.
[0027] A predetermined communication function performed by the
mobile communications device 202 can include broadcasting or
otherwise conveying data content in one or more forms. When the
mobile communications device 202 is enabled to perform a
predetermined communication function, a user of the device is able
to broadcast or otherwise convey audio, video, and/or other data
content with the device even though the device is located in a
communications-controlled zone. The communications-controlled zone
can be a geographical area in which a sporting contest, concert, or
other event is occurring. Thus, using the mobile communications
device 202, the user is able to broadcast or convey data content
relating to the event to users 210a-c of devices capable of
receiving and processing the data content.
[0028] The service controller 212, according to the invention, only
enables the mobile communications device 202 to perform the
predetermined function if the user consents to paying a fee.
Alternatively, if the mobile communications device 202 is already
enabled to perform the predetermined function, then the service
controller 212 disables the function when the device is located in
the communications-controlled zone unless the user consents to
paying the fee. Data elements contained in the location database
206 can include, for example, one or more fields that indicate
whether a particular function can be enabled for a fee and, if so,
what the fee is to be.
[0029] According to one embodiment, the service controller 212
provides a message to the user of the mobile communications device
202 indicating that a fee is to be charged for enabling one or more
at least one predetermined communications function. The service
controller 212 can receive a response from the user indicating
agreement to the charge. In response to the user's indicating
agreement, the service controller 212 can enable or avoid disabling
the agreed upon function to be performed with the mobile
communications device 202. According to another embodiment, the
user of the mobile communications device 202 is able to transact in
advance of a particular event with a service provider or other
entity to secure access to a particular function performed by the
device during the event.
[0030] The geographic area to be designated as a
communications-controlled zone as well as the particular functions
208 of the mobile communications device 202 that are only enabled
subject to a fee can both be agreed to by a content provider, such
as a sponsor of a sporting contest or concert. The transacting unit
214, according to one embodiment, can receive information regarding
geographical areas to be so designated as well as corresponding
for-fee functions, the information being that provided by one or
more content providers 216a-c who sponsor different events at
various times.
[0031] The fee to be charged for enabling one or more functions 208
on the mobile communications device 202 can be negotiated by
different content providers 216a-c with a service provider or,
alternatively, with another entity that maintains the service
controller 212, location database 206, and/or transacting unit 214
on behalf of the service provider. The fee can be assessed
according to various criteria. For example, a fee can be based on
the length of time that one or more functions is enabled (e.g.,
per-minute-function). Alternatively, the fee can be assessed on a
per event basis, on a per number of streams of data content basis,
or on a per number of connections basis. According to one
particular embodiment, the fee can vary according to the proximity
of the mobile communications device 202 to the particular event to
which the data content conveyed with the device relates. According
to still another embodiment, the fee can vary according to the
quality of the data conveyed with the mobile communications device
202 when a particular function 208 is enabled.
[0032] According to one embodiment, the transacting unit 214 can
monitor one or more mobile communications devices to determine
which mobile communications devices use which functions within
which communications-limited zones. The transacting unit 214, for
example, can determine the period of use of a function, the number
of data streams, and/or connections maintained. Accordingly, for a
specific mobile communications device 202, the transacting unit 214
can generate a charge to the user of the mobile communications
device 202 based on a particular fee structure or pricing model.
The charge is determined in response to enabling the performance of
at least one of the communications function 208 the mobile
communications device 202 is capable of performing. Optionally, the
transacting unit 214 can further perform an accounts-settlement
function whereby the unit computes a remittance to be received by a
content provider based on the charge to the user of the mobile
communications device 202.
[0033] FIG. 3 is a flowchart of exemplary steps for performing a
method 300 of controlling the functionality of a mobile
communications device based upon geographic location, according to
yet another embodiment of the present invention. Illustratively,
the method 300 includes identifying a geographic location of the
mobile communications device at step 302. The method further
includes, at step 304, determining whether the mobile
communications device is prohibited from performing at least one
predetermined communications function, the determination being
based upon the geographic location of the device. The method
illustratively concludes at step 306.
[0034] The step 304 of determining whether the mobile
communications device is prohibited from performing at least one
predetermine communications function can include querying a
location database containing data elements designating at least one
geographic area as a communications-controlled zone within which
the mobile communications device is prohibited from performing the
at least one predetermined communications function during a
predetermined time period. The method 300 can further include
receiving information from at least one content provider
designating at least one geographic area as a
communications-controlled zone during a predetermined time period.
Accordingly, the method 300 can also include adding to the location
database a data element corresponding to the at least one
geographic area and predetermined time.
[0035] The method 300 optionally can further include denying a
functionality to the mobile communications device for performing
the at least one predetermined communications function when the
mobile communications device is located within a predetermined
geographic location. The method 300 also can optionally include
providing a message to the mobile communications device informing a
user that performing the at least one predetermined communications
function is prohibited when the mobile communications device is
located within a predetermined geographic location during a
predetermined time period. According to still another embodiment,
the method 300 can optionally include enabling a user of the mobile
communications device to perform the at least one predetermined
communications function if the user consents to pay a predetermined
fee.
[0036] The invention can be realized in hardware, software, or a
combination of hardware and software. The invention can be realized
in a centralized fashion in one computer system, or in a
distributed fashion where different elements are spread across
several interconnected computer systems. Any kind of computer
system or other apparatus adapted for carrying out the methods
described herein is suited. A typical combination of hardware and
software can be a general purpose computer system with a computer
program that, when being loaded and executed, controls the computer
system such that it carries out the methods described herein.
[0037] The invention can be embedded in a computer program product,
which comprises all the features enabling the implementation of the
methods described herein, and which when loaded in a computer
system is able to carry out these methods. Computer program in the
present context means any expression, in any language, code or
notation, of a set of instructions intended to cause a system
having an information processing capability to perform a particular
function either directly or after either or both of the following:
a) conversion to another language, code or notation; b)
reproduction in a different material form.
[0038] This invention can be embodied in other forms without
departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof.
Accordingly, reference should be made to the following claims,
rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope
of the invention.
* * * * *