U.S. patent application number 10/548472 was filed with the patent office on 2007-05-10 for reinforcing elements and reinforced concrete or prestressed concrete parts produced by means of the same.
Invention is credited to Gerd Gunther.
Application Number | 20070101672 10/548472 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 32945865 |
Filed Date | 2007-05-10 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070101672 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Gunther; Gerd |
May 10, 2007 |
Reinforcing elements and reinforced concrete or prestressed
concrete parts produced by means of the same
Abstract
The innovation concerns components and their application in
concrete components, in particular in shear stressed reinforced
concrete components. Proposed are novel concrete components which,
apart from the flexural reinforcement, also intend different types
of shear reinforcements in the form of novel components which at
least partially encircle the flexural reinforcement.
Inventors: |
Gunther; Gerd; (Bad Orb,
DE) |
Correspondence
Address: |
CLARK & BRODY
1090 VERMONT AVENUE, NW
SUITE 250
WASHINGTON
DC
20005
US
|
Family ID: |
32945865 |
Appl. No.: |
10/548472 |
Filed: |
March 9, 2004 |
PCT Filed: |
March 9, 2004 |
PCT NO: |
PCT/DE04/00458 |
371 Date: |
August 18, 2006 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
52/698 |
Current CPC
Class: |
E04C 5/0645 20130101;
E04C 5/18 20130101; E04C 5/168 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
052/698 |
International
Class: |
E04B 1/38 20060101
E04B001/38 |
Foreign Application Data
Date |
Code |
Application Number |
Mar 10, 2003 |
DE |
103 10 715.0 |
Claims
1. Concrete reinforcement element (10) for a reinforced concrete or
pre-stressed concrete component (1), which features on the upper
and lower surfaces of the component at least one reinforcement
layer each (Bo, Bu), which is formed by at least one inner layer
(Bo_y, Bu_y) and at least one outer layer (Bo_x, Bu_x), with a main
component (12), which mainly covers the thickness of the reinforced
concrete or pre-stressed concrete component (1) protruding at least
above and below the innermost layer of at least one inner layer
(Bo_y, Bu_y) of the upper and lower reinforcement layer (Bo, Bu),
whereby the main component (12) is a bi-dimensional structure,
featuring at least one retaining element (20) each in its upper
area (14) and in its lower area (15), which is formed to encircle
at least partially the circumference of a component of a concrete
reinforcement element (S) of the upper and lower reinforcement
layer (Bo, Bu).
2. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 1, whereby at
least one retaining element (20) is a recess (30) formed within the
bi-dimensional structure (12).
3. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 2, whereby the
recess (30) is open to a longitudinal edge (16) of the
bi-dimensional structure (12).
4. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 3, whereby the
recess (30) runs vertically to the longitudinal centre (M) of the
bi-dimensional structure (12).
5. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 3, whereby the
recess (30) is at an angle (a) to the longitudinal centre (M) of
the bi-dimensional structure (12).
6. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 2, whereby the
recess (30) lies approximately in the longitudinal centre (M) of
the bi-dimensional structure (12) or extends this far.
7. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 2, whereby at
least two recesses (30) are formed within the bi-dimensional
structure (12), which both lie symmetrically to its longitudinal
centre (M).
8. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 2, whereby the
recess (30) is a slot.
9. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 2, whereby the
recess (30) along the longitudinal centre (M) features an extension
(32) upwards and/or downwards.
10. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 2, whereby
the recess (30) features a securing means (34) in order to secure
and/or fix the position of a, there to be inserted, concrete
reinforcement element (S) of the upper and/or lower reinforcement
layers (Bo, Bu).
11. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 10, whereby
the securing means (34) can be inserted from the longitudinal edge
(16) sideways into the recess (30).
12. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 10, whereby
the securing means (34) is a wedge, an elastic clip or a pin
inserted into a reception (35).
13. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 10, whereby
the securing means (34) carries a marking (36), in particular a
coloured marking.
14. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 1, whereby
the bi-dimensional structure (12) is made of structural steel.
15. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 1, whereby
the bi-dimensional structure (12) features a thickness of at least
1 mm.
16. Concrete reinforcement element according claim 1, whereby at
least one retaining element (20) is a single or double splay (40)
formed at the end side of the bi-dimensional structure (12).
17. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 1, whereby
the bi-dimensional structure (12) is indented in the
cross-section.
18. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 17, whereby
the indentation (24) is formed between the upper and the lower
reinforcement layer (Bo, Bu).
19. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 1, whereby at
least two bi-dimensional bodies (12) are arranged next to each
other in longitudinal direction of at least one concrete
reinforcement element (S) of the upper and lower reinforcement
layer (Bo, Bu).
20. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 19, whereby
the at least two bi-dimensional bodies (12) are arranged in a
V-shaped manner.
21. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 19, whereby
at least two of the bi-dimensional bodies (12) are arranged mainly
parallel to each other, joined by a flat bar (26).
22. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 19, whereby
at least two of the bi-dimensional bodies (12) are arranged mainly
parallel to each other, joined by a clamp (28).
23. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 1, whereby
the bi-dimensional structure (12) is divided, vertically to its
longitudinal centre (M), into a lower half (50) and an upper half
(60).
24. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 23, whereby
the lower half (50) and the upper half (60) are joined to each
other in a separable manner.
25. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 23, whereby
the lower half (50) and the upper half (60) can be joined to each
other with a continuity of strength and/or form.
26. Concrete reinforcement element according to claim 23, whereby
the upper half (60) of the bi-dimensional structure (12) is made of
S-shaped or Z-shaped coiled rods (66).
27. Concrete reinforcement element (10), preferably made out of
structural steel, featuring at least one retaining element (20) in
the upper and/or lower area (14, 15) of the concrete reinforcement
element (10), whereby one retaining element (20) takes the form of
a side recess (30), for the continuity of strength of reception of
elements to be joined (S), such as reinforcement bars in concrete
components (1), in particular according to at claim 1, whereby the
concrete reinforcement element (10) features a shift of the lower
against the upper, or the middle area of the concrete reinforcement
element (10) against the upper and lower area, when viewed at the
narrow edge of the opening of the side recess (30), so that two of
these same concrete reinforcement elements (10), when they are
pushed on top of each other towards the side of the side recess,
form a dovetail and that through a partial covering of both the
side recesses (30) a hole is formed which reaches through both the
concrete reinforcement elements (10), so that an element inserted
through this to be joined to another element (S) is secured against
slipping upwards or/and downwards.
28. Concrete reinforcement element (10), preferably made out of
structural steel, featuring at least one retaining element (20) in
the upper and/or lower area (14, 15) of the concrete reinforcement
element (10), whereby one retaining element (20) takes the form of
a side recess (30), for the continuity of strength of reception of
elements to be joined (S), such as reinforcement bars in concrete
components (1), in particular according to at claim 1, whereby the
concrete reinforcement element (10) features a shift of the left
against the right or the middle area of the concrete reinforcement
element (10) against the left and right areas, when viewed at the
narrow upper or lower edge, so that two of these same concrete
reinforcement elements (10), when they are pushed on top of each
other from above or below over the narrow upper or lower edge, form
a dovetail and that through a partial covering of both the side
recesses (30) a hole is formed which reaches through both the
concrete reinforcement elements (10), so that an element inserted
through this to be joined to another element (S) is secured against
slipping to the left or/and to the right.
29. Reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete component (1) with
at least one concrete reinforcement element (10) according to claim
1.
30. Reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete component (1)
which provides on the upper and lower surfaces of the component at
least one reinforcement layer (Bo, Bu) as a flexural reinforcement
consisting of several reinforcement bars (S) in x-direction (Bo_x,
Bu_x) or/and in y-direction (Bo_y, Bu_y and Bo_x, Bu_x), whereby in
order to increase the shear force resistance, at least one concrete
reinforcement element (10) is provided as a bi-dimensional
component, which extends basically over the thickness of the
component to above and below of each of the innermost of the at
least one uppermost or lowermost reinforcement layer each (Bo, Bu),
in particular according to claim 1, whereby the bi-dimensional
component (10) features at least one retaining element (20) each in
its upper and lower area (14, 15), which is formed to encircle at
least partially the circumference of a part of a element (S) of the
at least one upper and lower reinforcement layer (Bo, Bu) or one of
the additionally attached reinforcement bars, and therefore serves
to join at least one element of the upper and the lower
reinforcement layers with a continuity of strength.
31. Concrete component according to claim 30, whereby the
bi-dimensional component (10) features a thickness of at least 1
mm, if it is realised by structural steel.
32. Concrete component according to claim 30, whereby at least one
of the upper or lower retaining elements (20) of the bi-dimensional
component (10) is realised as a recess (30) formed out of the
bi-dimensional structure (10, 12).
33. Concrete component according to claim 30, whereby at least one
of the upper or lower retaining elements (20) of the bi-dimensional
component (10) is arranged in the form of a side recess (30), on
one or both sides (16), extending from the lower to the upper
reinforcement layer and takes the form of, for example, a slot.
34. Concrete component according to claim 33, whereby the at least
one side recess (30) of the bi-dimensional component (10) reaches
approximately the centre (M) of the breadth of the bi-dimensional
component (10).
35. Concrete component according to claim 33, whereby the at least
one side recess (30) of the bi-dimensional component runs from the
side diagonally down or up, directed towards the upper or lower
surface of the concrete component (10).
36. Concrete component according to claim 33, whereby the at least
one side recess (30) of the bi-dimensional component (10), features
an upwards or/and downwards extension (32) of the recess at a fixed
distance from the side opening, to ensure at least the partially
arrested reception of an element (S) of the upper or lower
reinforcement layer (Bo, Bu).
37. Concrete component according to claim 33, whereby the at least
one side recess (30) of the bi-dimensional component (10) features
securing means (34) to secure the element (S), which has been
inserted into the recess (30), of the upper or lower reinforcement
layer (Bo, Bu) against slipping or sliding out of the recess
(30).
38. Concrete component according to claim 37, whereby the securing
means (34) of the bi-dimensional component (10) are arranged in the
form of: a wedge for the wedging of the opening of the at least one
side recess (30) or an elastic clip, which is stretched across the
opening of the side recess (30) to prevent the necessary distortion
being brought in, for example, in the shape of an elastic in normal
condition stretched plastic strip or metal strip or a system of
drilling (35) in the component (10) arranged in the direction of
the recess (30) at least through the leg, formed by the upper or
lower limit of the component (10) and the opposite side of the
recess (30), and if necessary, in addition, reaching into the part
of the component (10) which lies opposite to the leg and the pin
(34) which is to be inserted there, whereby the securing means (34)
are realised preferably in bright colours or are joined with
indicatory means (36) characterised by such colours in order to
mark the secured condition.
39. Concrete component according to claim 30, whereby the
bi-dimensional component (10), apart from a recess (30) features as
a retaining element (20) a single of double splay (40) in order to
encircle an element (S) of the upper or lower reinforcement layer
(Bo, Bu) at the upper or lower end of the component (10).
40. Concrete component according to claim 30, whereby several
components (10) according to the claims 30 to 39 are intended,
which are joined on their upper or/and lower part via a joint
concrete reinforcement element (26), such as a bar or a flat
bar.
41. Concrete component according to claim 40, whereby the joint
concrete reinforcement element (26) is intended as an additional
concrete reinforcement element, below or/and above each of the
outermost of the existing at least one upper or lower reinforcement
layer (Bo, Bu) and in the case of there being more than one upper
and lower reinforcement layers (Bo, Bu), it is also intended
alternatively between the upper or/and lower layers.
42. Concrete component according to claim 41, whereby the joint
between the components (10) and the joint concrete reinforcement
element (26) is realised as leading through the recesses (30) of
the components (10) or as a welding, whereby in the case of a
welding, the concrete reinforcement element (26) should preferably
be realised as a flat bar or a flat metal sheet, which at least on
the upper or lower side of the bi-dimensional component (10)
protrudes over the edge which runs between the upper and lower
reinforcement layer (Bo, Bu).
43. Concrete component according to claim 30, whereby as
bi-dimensional components (10) are intended those with a least one
side recess (30), whereby the side recess (30) is preferably
realised in the form of a slot leading to the upper or lower
surface of the concrete component (1), and whereby the
bi-dimensional components (10) when viewed from the side of the
recesses show a shift of the lower against the upper or the centre
area of the component (10) against the upper and lower areas, so
that two of these same components (10), when they are pushed on top
of each other towards the side of the side recess (30), form a
dovetail and that through a complete covering of both, the side
recesses (30) form a hole, which reaches through both the
components (10), so that a concrete reinforcement element (S)
inserted through this is secured against slipping upwards and/or
downwards.
Description
[0001] The invention concerns a concrete reinforcement element
according to the generic term used in Claim 1 as well as the
reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete components made using
this element according to the generic term used in Claim 30.
[0002] Shear stressed reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete
components, such as a supported reinforced concrete ceiling,
require shear reinforcement in the area of columns of the ceiling
to ensure shear safety.
[0003] Known shear reinforcement includes the following: shear
reinforcements made of concrete reinforcing steel with shear
reinforcement elements in the form of S-hooks (although this is no
longer allowed according to DIN 1045) or stirrups, dowel bars,
double headed dowels, open web girder, Tobler Walm, "Geilinger
Kragen", retaining plate mesh, "Riss Stern", etc.
[0004] Shear reinforcement with reinforcement elements in the form
of S-hooks or stirrups has to be encircled with a usually available
flexural longitudinal reinforcement, due to bad anchorage in order
to prevent the shear reinforcement being ripped out. It must be
noted that this only achieves a moderate increase in the shear
force resistance. The fitting of the concrete reinforcement
elements is complicated and thus costly. In addition, conventional
concrete reinforcement elements, such as stirrups are no longer
considered fittable if exposed to high degrees of concrete
reinforcement and a high proportion of shear reinforcement.
[0005] The alternative option is to use dowel bars, which are
usually put on the lower formwork, so that--if available--the lower
layer of reinforcement is encircled by a cross-section of the bar.
For the load bearing capacity, however, an exact positioning and
fixing of the bar is crucial, which cannot always be ensured on a
construction site. The dowel bars are furthermore individually made
and welded, which in proportion to the very high costs brings
hardly any demonstrable improvement of the shear force
resistance.
[0006] Joining elements or spacers for the upper and lower layers
of reinforcement are known from DE-U1-71 18 881, DE-U1-298 14 923,
DE-OS-2 111 243 or DE-OS-1 913 104. These elements, however, do not
serve as concrete reinforcement elements; instead they fix only the
reinforcement bars intended within the concrete component in a
desired location or position before pouring in the concrete. This
has no influence on the punching shear strength or even on the
lateral load-bearing capability of the concrete ceiling.
[0007] Other known concrete reinforcement elements such as double
headed dowels, Tobler Walm and "Geilinger Kragen" can improve the
load-bearing capability or the punching shear strength of
reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete components, in
particular in the area of ceiling support. However, the lateral
load-bearing capability of the concrete component is also hardly
influenced through their use. Furthermore, these elements which
mostly have to be produced individually on site, are characterised
by a very expensive production. They are also very time-consuming
both in mounting and in production, and so much time is often not
available on a construction site.
[0008] The task of the invention is to overcome these and further
disadvantages of the technical state of the art, by providing
concrete reinforcement elements to be mounted in reinforced
concrete or pre-stressed concrete components, which have a simple
structure and are cheap to produce. Furthermore the invention aims
to achieve a good anchorage of the concrete reinforcement elements
between the reinforcement bars, while keeping the mounting quick
and uncomplicated to execute. The concrete reinforcement elements
have to improve the stability of the finished reinforced concrete
or pre-stressed concrete component, in particular increasing
significantly the lateral load-bearing capability of the component.
The reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete component also has
to be cheap to produce and easy to handle.
[0009] The main characteristics of the invention are listed in the
characterising part of Claims 1, 27, 28, 29 and 30. Arrangements
are the subject of Claims 2 to 26 and 31 to 43.
[0010] A concrete reinforcement element in the form of a
bi-dimensional component, which joins together, with a continuity
of strength, the upper and lower layers of the reinforcement,
located on the surface of the concrete component, with suitable
upper and lower retaining elements, forms the core of the
invention. This significantly increases the shear force resistance
of the reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete components.
[0011] The concrete reinforcement elements can be made as simple
free-falling punched parts, to which further splays can be added if
necessary. This enables a very cost-effective production, which has
a positive effect on the production costs for the concrete
components. The concrete reinforcement elements are easy to handle
and quick to assemble. They simply have to be hooked in. No special
knowledge or skills are required, as for example in the case of
welding work.
[0012] The retaining elements can be realised as drilled holes,
side recesses out of the bi-dimensional component and/or as splays,
which encircle at least the innermost layers of each upper and
lower layer of reinforcement in the case of there being more than
one upper and more than one lower layer of reinforcement.
[0013] Surprisingly it was found that concrete reinforcement
elements of this kind improve especially the shear force
resistance, as well as the punching shear strength as compared to
conventional structures, when they are mounted according to the
invention interacting with the layers of reinforcement within a
concrete component.
[0014] In addition to this surprising result, it was also found
that a minimum thickness of the bi-dimensional components, of 1 mm
for example, was sufficient when using conventional structural
steel, which has a very favourable effect on production costs.
[0015] Further traits, details and advantages of the invention
arise from the text of the claims, as well as in the following
description of execution examples by means of the illustrations.
They show:
[0016] FIG. 1 a schematic side view of a concrete reinforcement
element,
[0017] FIG. 2 a schematic side view of another embodiment of a
concrete reinforcement element,
[0018] FIG. 3 to 6 a schematic side view each of further
embodiments of a concrete reinforcement element,
[0019] FIG. 7 a schematic side view of a concrete reinforcement
element with a securing means,
[0020] FIG. 8 a schematic side view of a concrete reinforcement
element with a different embodiment for a securing means,
[0021] FIG. 9 a schematic side view of a concrete reinforcement
element with yet another embodiment for a securing means,
[0022] FIG. 10 to 15 a schematic side view each of further
embodiments of a concrete reinforcement element,
[0023] FIG. 16 a schematic representation of a further embodiment
of a concrete reinforcement element,
[0024] FIG. 17 a schematic representation of a concrete
reinforcement element with a indented bi-dimensional structure,
[0025] FIG. 18 two joined concrete reinforcement elements,
[0026] FIG. 19 three joined concrete reinforcement elements,
[0027] FIG. 20 a different embodiment of two joined concrete
reinforcement elements,
[0028] FIG. 21 another different embodiment of two joined concrete
reinforcement elements,
[0029] FIG. 22 a schematic sectional view of a concrete
reinforcement element divided into two parts,
[0030] FIG. 23 a schematic sectional view of a different embodiment
of a concrete reinforcement element divided into two parts,
[0031] FIG. 24 yet another embodiment of a concrete reinforcement
element divided into two parts,
[0032] FIG. 25 a further variation of a concrete reinforcement
element,
[0033] FIG. 26 a schematic representation of a reinforced concrete
or pre-stressed concrete component,
[0034] The concrete reinforcement element which is generally called
10 in FIG. 1 is for use in the reinforced concrete or pre-stressed
concrete component 1 (which is not represented here in any further
detail). It has as its main part 12 a simple flat structure made of
structural steel, which has a recess 30 each in its upper area 14
and its lower area 15. The recess is formed by a slot, which is
open to the longitudinal edge 16 on the side of the bi-dimensional
structure 12, which extends vertically from its longitudinal centre
M.
[0035] Each recess 30 forms a retaining element 20 for the concrete
reinforcement element S (which is also not shown here), in
particular for a reinforcement bar of an upper and lower
reinforcement layer Bo, Bu in the reinforced concrete or
pre-stressed concrete component 1 (see FIG. 26). These lie on each
surface of the component (which is also not shown in any further
detail here). They are formed by a least one inner layer Bo_y, Bu_y
and at least one external layer Bo_x, Bu_x, which runs vertically
to the inner layer.
[0036] During assembly, the bi-dimensional structure 12, with its
side-opening recesses 30, is simply put on two reinforcement bars S
of the inner layers Bo_y, Bu_y, lying directly on top of each other
and running in the same direction. This means that each
reinforcement bar is at least partially encircled. The clearance of
the recesses 30 is calculated in such a manner that the
bi-dimensional structure 12 with force transmission by friction
sits tightly on the reinforcement bar S, so that it can not become
loose while the concrete is poured in.
[0037] Hereby it is important that each concrete reinforcement
element 10 always lies laterally to its bi-dimensional structure
12, and preferably vertically to the reinforcement bars S,
extending, on the whole, over the thickness of the reinforced
concrete or pre-stressed concrete component 1, namely to at least
each upper and lower of the innermost of at least one inner layer
Bo_y, Bu_y of the upper and lower reinforcement layers Bo, Bu. The
latter are thereby bound together with a continuity of
strength.
[0038] Comparative measurements have surprisingly shown that the
concrete reinforcement element 10 according to the current
invention significantly increases the punching shear strength as
well as the shear force resistance of the reinforced concrete or
pre-stressed concrete component 1 as compared to conventional
constructions. It is sufficient here to produce the bi-dimensional
structure 12, using conventional structural steel, with a thickness
of 1 mm. This has a very favourable effect on material costs.
[0039] A further advantage of the concrete reinforcement element 10
is that due to its simple geometry it can be made, for example, as
free falling punched parts, which further lowers production costs.
They are quick and uncomplicated to mount and do not require any
special knowledge or skills. This also leads to a considerable
reduction in production costs for the reinforced concrete or
pre-stressed concrete component 1.
[0040] In the embodiment of FIG. 2 the concrete reinforcement
element 10 has as a retaining element 20 in the upper area 14 a
slot 30, whereas a round or oval recess 30 is designated for the
lower area 15.
[0041] The embodiment of FIG. 3 designates two slots 30 open on the
side as retaining elements 20, which run diagonally to the top at
an angle .alpha. to the longitudinal centre M of the bi-dimensional
structure 12. In contrast, the shape of FIG. 4 intends that the
slots 30 run diagonally down at an angel .alpha.. In both cases
putting the concrete reinforcement element 10 on the reinforcement
bars S is made easier, in particular within tight spaces.
[0042] The concrete reinforcement elements 10 represented in FIG. 5
has proven to have a particularly high increase in the lateral
load-bearing capability of the reinforced concrete or pre-stressed
concrete component 1. Here a total of four retaining elements 20
are designated for the upper and lower areas 14 and 15 of the
bi-dimensional structure 12, namely two recesses 30 each, which are
open to the longitudinal edge 16 and lie symmetrically to the
longitudinal centre M.
[0043] Therefore, each concrete reinforcement element 10 covers in
total four reinforcement bars S of the upper and lower
reinforcement layers Bo, Bu, binding them together with continuing
strength, which has a particularly positive effect on the lateral
load-bearing capabilities of component 1. At the same time, each
concrete reinforcement element 10 is firmly anchored between the
reinforcement layers Bo, Bu. It can neither mistakenly fall out,
nor can it slip when the concrete is poured in. The intervals and
the positions of the reinforcement layers Bo, Bu are reliably
secured at all times.
[0044] In order to further improve the fixing of the reinforcement
bars S to the retaining elements 20 or in the recesses 30, the
latter can have an extension 32 each up and down, so that in the
area of the longitudinal edges 16 of the concrete reinforcement
element 10 notched edges 33 are formed for the reinforcement bars
S.
[0045] The embodiment in FIG. 6 designates that the extensions 32
of the recess 30 in the upper area 14 of the bi-dimensional
structure 12 lie across the longitudinal centre M, whereas the
recess 30 in the lower area 15 is mainly L-shaped, namely with an
upturned extension 32. Here one can see that the sub-area 31 of the
recess 30, which is open to the longitudinal edge 16, has a lower
clearance than the part of the recess 30 which lies in the
longitudinal centre.
[0046] In order to further secure the reinforcement bars S of the
upper and lower reinforcement layers Bo, Bu of the concrete
reinforcement elements 10, the recesses 30 can be provided with a
securing means 34. This can, for example, be a mainly U-shaped clip
made of elastic material which can be reduced breadthwise by
pressure on both of its outer legs, so that it can fit into the
recess 30 (see FIG. 7). If the legs are released, they then lie
within the walls of the slot 30 in the bi-dimensional structure 12,
so that a reinforcement bar which lies in the recess 30 can not
slip out sideways.
[0047] In the embodiment in FIG. 8 the securing means 34 consist of
pins which are brought into the gable-end of the bi-dimensional
structure 12 or onto the side mounted receptions 35. It is
advantageous to use preferably brightly coloured indicatory agents,
so that the insertion of a pin 34 can be easily marked and
recognised on the construction site.
[0048] Alternatively a rotatable pin 34 or another rotatable
bolting element, as well as a positioning pin, can be arranged on
the longitudinal edge 16 of the bi-dimensional structure 12,
whereby the pin 34 is turned after the concrete reinforcement
element S is brought in between the concrete reinforcement element
10 and the positioning pin. The indicatory agents 36 on the pin 34
would then show all in the same direction, or indicate the same
inclination or position relative to the concrete reinforcement
element 10, thus enabling a fast check of the secured condition
even for a large number of concrete reinforcement elements.
[0049] FIG. 9 shows further advantageous embodiments for securing
means 34, for example in the form of a simple elastic element, such
as a strip or a simple wedge.
[0050] Another important embodiment of the concrete reinforcement
element 10 according to this invention is shown in FIG. 10. The
retaining element 20 is formed by an end-sided formed simple splay
40 in the upper area 14 of the bi-dimensional structure. Preferably
this will encircle a reinforcement bar S of the outer layer Bo_x of
the upper reinforcement layer Bo (see FIG. 26, left element 10).
The retaining element 20 in the lower area 15 of the bi-dimensional
structure 12 is a L-shaped recess 30, which encircles a
reinforcement bar S of the inner layer Bu_y of the lower
reinforcement layer Bu.
[0051] As shown by FIG. 11 to 13, the retaining elements 20 can be
combined in almost any way in the form of recesses 30 and splays
40, whereby reinforcement bars S of the inner or outer layers Bo_y,
Bu_y, Bo_x, and Bu_x can be grasped at the same time.
[0052] In FIG. 11a the splay 40 which is formed onto the upper area
14 is bent upwards, whereas the splay 40 in the lower area 15
points forward. The concrete reinforcement element 10 has thereby a
mainly Z-shaped form in a cross-section--as can be seen in FIG.
11b, whereas the execution form of FIGS. 12 and 12a has a U-profile
in a cross-section.
[0053] According to FIGS. 13a and 13b the splays 40 can be doubled
or multiplied, whereby the concrete reinforcement element 10 can
have an S-shape in the cross-section--as shown by FIG. 15b.
[0054] The embodiment of FIG. 16 is based on the construction form
of FIG. 6, that means that in the upper and lower areas 14 and 15
of the bi-dimensional structure 12 a total of four recesses 30 are
intended symmetrical to its longitudinal centre as retaining
elements 20, which encircle the reinforcement bars with a
continuity of form. The recesses 30 are not open to the
longitudinal edges 16, that means that the reinforcement bars S are
mainly introduced vertically into the bi-dimensional structure 12.
Additional splays 40 encircle in each case the outer layer Bo_x,
Bu_x of the upper and lower reinforcement layers Bo, Bu as
additional retaining elements, so that the concrete reinforcement
elements 10 are integrated in an optimal manner into the reinforced
concrete or pre-stressed concrete component 1 for the purpose of
increasing the lateral load-bearing capability. Furthermore, its
ductility is also increased when there is strain on the shear
force.
[0055] The same advantages are also found in yet another form of
the concrete reinforcement element (FIG. 17). Here the
bi-dimensional structure 12 is indented in the cross-section,
whereby the indentation 24, formed through simple and preferably
right-angled splays, is realised between the upper and lower
reinforcement layers (Bo, Bu).
[0056] If required, the concrete reinforcement elements 10 can
encircle more than four reinforcement bars S. The bi-dimensional
structure 12 must correspondingly be extended horizontally to its
longitudinal centre M and the required number of retaining elements
20 must be added.
[0057] In the embodiment of FIG. 18 two concrete reinforcement
elements 10 are arranged in longitudinal direction at least one
reinforcement bar (S) next to each other in a V-shape, whereby the
bi-dimensional structures in their upper areas 14 are joined to one
another or are one piece.
[0058] The construction form of FIG. 19 provides for many concrete
reinforcement elements 10 to be standing parallel one after the
other. Each bi-dimensional structure 12 is bound in a T-shape with
its upper area 14 to a flat bar 26, which protrudes over the
breadth of the concrete reinforcement element 10 in order to at
least partially hold or encircle an element S of the upper
reinforcement layer.
[0059] The embodiment in FIG. 20 is made up of concrete
reinforcement elements 10 and a flat bar 26, which together form a
U-profile, whereby the latter also serves as a retaining element
20, in that it encircles at least one reinforcement bar S of the
upper reinforcement layer Bo.
[0060] The recesses 30 in the upper area 14 of the bi-dimensional
structure 12 can also be realised in a rectangular form--as shown
by FIG. 21--and join two parallel concrete reinforcement elements
10, which are arranged next to each other, with a flexible spring
clamp 28, whereby the clamp 28 with its legs (which are not
described in any further detail) is set in the recesses 30,
encircling also at least one reinforcement bar S of the upper
reinforcement layer Bo.
[0061] Yet another important embodiment of the current invention
can be seen in FIG. 22 to 24, when namely the bi-dimensional
structure 12 of the concrete reinforcement element 10 is divided,
vertically to its longitudinal centre M, into a lower half 50 and
an upper half 60, whereby both halves 50 and 60 are joined to each
other in a separable manner.
[0062] Thereby it is possible, for example, to prefabricate
reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete components, for
example ceiling elements in which the lower halves 50 of the
concrete reinforcement elements 10 are built or poured into the
lower half of the ceiling. Therefore, on the construction site,
only the missing upper reinforcement layer Bo has to be added,
whereby the upper halves 60 of the concrete reinforcement elements
10 are joined to the lower half 50 which is protruding from the
prefabricated ceiling component. Afterwards, the ceiling can be
completed by pouring in the concrete.
[0063] Ceiling elements which have been prefabricated in this way
have the advantage of being much easier to handle and transport, as
not only do they weigh less, but also the dimensions are smaller.
Furthermore it also enables more flexible arrangement possibilities
on the construction site. For example the thickness of the concrete
ceiling can be individually designed, by using upper halves 60 with
different lengths of the concrete reinforcement elements 10.
Various retaining elements 20, in particular also splays 40, can be
added to them in their final areas 14 and 15.
[0064] The halves 50 and 60 are preferably joined by means of the
hook-shaped joining elements 52 and 62, which encircle one another
with a continuity of strength and form. It is important here that
the joint is constantly subjected to tension.
[0065] In the embodiment of FIG. 24 the lower half 50 of the
concrete reinforcement element 10 is complemented by an upper half
60 made of coiled rods 66, whereby this is tilted in a Z-shape and
can be put into an appropriate recess in the lower half 50.
[0066] FIG. 25 shows two views on the broad side of a further
embodiment of the concrete reinforcement element 10 according to
the current invention. This embodiment is characterised by the fact
that the area between the broken lines compared to the areas above
or below is shifted backwards or forwards from the image plane,
going in or going out against the upper and lower area. This
becomes visible when viewed on the narrow edge of both components.
Alternatively, component 10 can also be realised in such a way,
that, for example, only an upper part is shifted against a lower
part of the component, for example, by tilting or stressing.
[0067] Hereby, in both cases it is achieved that two such identical
components 10, if they are pushed into each other with the edges
16, in which there are the openings of the side recesses 30, form a
dovetail and a covered area comes into being, so that both
components 10 together form a recess 30, which secures an element
S, which is threaded through it, of a reinforcement layer Bo or Bu
from slipping upwards or downwards. The concrete reinforcement
element 10 in the middle of FIG. 26 encircles per element S each of
the outermost layers Bo_x and Bu_x of the upper and lower
reinforcement layers Bo, Bu, while the concrete reinforcement
element 10 represented on the right of FIG. 26 only joins elements
S of the inner layers Bo_y, Bu_y of the upper and lower
reinforcement layers Bo, Bu.
[0068] The number and embodiment of components 10 have to be
calculated according to the type of concrete used and the desired
load-bearing capability, in order to achieve the necessary punching
shear strength, for example in the area of a column. In each case
this results in a significant increase in the shear force
resistance of the component 1.
[0069] The current invention is not limited to one of the
aforementioned embodiments, but instead can be varied and altered
in many different ways. The concrete reinforcement elements can,
for example, be fabricated from other materials such as steel
sheeting, plastic or composite material. One can also extend the
concrete reinforcement elements 10 or their bi-dimensional
structure 12 horizontally to their longitudinal centre M, in order
to be able to encircle several reinforcement bars S of the upper
and lower reinforcement layers Bo, Bu simultaneously. It is
important here as well that the concrete reinforcement elements 10
are always simple, flat sheet metal components, if necessary tilted
at the ends or in the middle, featuring retaining elements in the
upper and lower areas which receive or encircle the reinforcement
bars S of the upper and lower reinforcement layers Bo, Bu. Mounting
is achieved without any complex welding or assembly work, whereby
the upper and lower reinforcement layers Bo, Bu are pulled tight by
the concrete reinforcement elements 10, joining them with a
continuity of strength.
[0070] All of the traits and advantages in the claims, description
and the illustrations, including constructive details, spatial
arrangements and procedural steps can be essential to the current
invention on there own or various different combinations.
LIST OF REFERENCE NUMERALS
[0071] .alpha. Angle [0072] Bo, Bu Reinforcement layer [0073] Bo_y,
Bu_y Inner layer [0074] Bo_x, Bu_x Outer layer [0075] M
Longitudinal centre [0076] S Concrete reinforcement element [0077]
1 Reinforced concrete or pre-stressed concrete component [0078] 10
Concrete reinforcement element [0079] 12 Main component [0080] 14
Upper area [0081] 15 Lower area [0082] 16 Longitudinal edge [0083]
20 Retaining elements [0084] 24 Indentation [0085] 26 Flat bar
[0086] 28 Clamp [0087] 30 Recess [0088] 31 Sub-area [0089] 32
Extension [0090] 33 Notched edge [0091] 34 Securing means [0092] 35
Reception [0093] 36 Marking [0094] 40 Splay [0095] 50 Lower half
[0096] 52 Joining element [0097] 60 Upper half [0098] 62 Joining
element [0099] 66 Coiled rods
* * * * *