U.S. patent application number 11/264671 was filed with the patent office on 2007-05-03 for system for selecting categories in accordance with advertising.
Invention is credited to Aytek Esen Celik, Tak-Leung Choie.
Application Number | 20070100801 11/264671 |
Document ID | / |
Family ID | 37997771 |
Filed Date | 2007-05-03 |
United States Patent
Application |
20070100801 |
Kind Code |
A1 |
Celik; Aytek Esen ; et
al. |
May 3, 2007 |
System for selecting categories in accordance with advertising
Abstract
A method is disclosed for providing advertising content for
display in a page over a network. The advertising content is
displayed based on a category assigned to the advertising content.
The category correlating to a given search may be based on the
search results. The search results may be associated with one or
more categories and the category associated with the highest count
of search results is the category for that search.
Inventors: |
Celik; Aytek Esen; (Mountain
View, CA) ; Choie; Tak-Leung; (Fremont, CA) |
Correspondence
Address: |
BRINKS HOFER GILSON & LIONE / YAHOO! OVERTURE
P.O. BOX 10395
CHICAGO
IL
60610
US
|
Family ID: |
37997771 |
Appl. No.: |
11/264671 |
Filed: |
October 31, 2005 |
Current U.S.
Class: |
1/1 ;
707/999.003 |
Current CPC
Class: |
G06Q 30/0249 20130101;
G06F 16/24 20190101; G06Q 10/087 20130101; G06Q 30/02 20130101;
G06Q 30/0277 20130101 |
Class at
Publication: |
707/003 |
International
Class: |
G06F 17/30 20060101
G06F017/30 |
Claims
1. A method for matching a search query to an advertisement, the
method comprising: receiving a search term for the search query;
determining search results for the search term; correlating each of
the search results to at least one search category; determining an
amount of the search results that correlate to the search category;
selecting one of the search categories in accordance with the
determined amount; and providing advertiser content in accordance
with the selected search category.
2. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying an
advertisement in accordance with the advertiser content.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein the advertisement is displayed in
accordance with the search category having the highest amount of
search results that correlate to the selected search category.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein one or more of the search results
may be associated with more than one of the search categories.
5. The method of claim 1, further comprising having an advertiser
select an ad category for an advertisement, wherein the ad category
corresponds to at least one of the search categories.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein display of the advertisement
further comprises displaying an advertisement that correlates to a
geographic location of a user.
7. The method of claim 1, further comprising determining whether
the search term correlates to one of the search categories before
determining each of the search results to a search category.
8. The method of claim 1, further comprising correlating each of
the results to one of the search categories only if the search term
does not correlate to one of the search categories.
9. The method of claim 1, further comprising displaying an
advertisement associated with one of the search categories if the
search term correlates to that search category.
10. A system for matching a search query to an advertisement,
comprising: a user interface to receive a search term; a search
algorithm engine connected with the user interface, the search
algorithm engine to determine search results for the search term;
and a category engine connected with the search algorithm engine,
the category engine to correlate each of the search results to at
least one search category, determine an amount of the search
results that correlate to the search category, select one of the
search categories in accordance with the determined amount, and
provide advertiser content in accordance with the selected search
category.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the advertisement is provided
in accordance with the search category having the highest amount of
search results that correlate to the search category.
12. The system of claim 10, wherein one or more of the search
results may be associated with more than one of the search
categories.
13. The system of claim 10, wherein an advertiser selects an ad
category for an advertisement, wherein the ad category corresponds
to at least one of the search categories.
14. The system of claim 10, wherein the advertisement is provided
that correlates to a geographic location of a user.
15. The system of claim 10, wherein the category engine determines
whether the search term correlates to one of the search categories
before correlating each of the search results to a search
category.
16. The system of claim 10,wherein the category engine correlates
each of the results to one of the search categories only if the
search term does not correlate to one of the search categories.
17. The system of claim 10, wherein the category engine provides an
advertisement associated with one of the search categories if the
search term correlates to the search category.
18. A method for matching a query term and location of a user to an
ad of an advertiser, the method comprising: performing a search
algorithm on the query term and location received from the user to
obtain search results; determining if the query term correlates to
a determined advertiser category; requesting advertiser content for
the advertiser category if the query term correlates to the
determined advertiser category and if the location correlates to a
determined advertiser location; determining each search category
associated with the search results if the query term did not
correlate to the determined advertiser category; determining a
count for each search category of the associations with the search
results; and requesting advertiser content for the search category
based on the count.
19. The method of claim 18, further comprising displaying an
advertisement in accordance with the requested advertiser
content.
20. The method of claim 18, wherein the location of the user
comprises an actual location of the user at the time of the search
query, a location input by the user, a geographic location of the
user determined form a computer profile of the user, or a
geographic location of the user determined based on information
from a computer of the user that performed the search query.
Description
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates generally to providing
advertising content over a computer network, and more particularly,
but not exclusively, to selecting relevant advertisements for
limited advertisement spaces.
BACKGROUND
[0002] Online advertising may be an important source of revenue for
enterprises engaged in electronic commerce. A number of different
kinds of page-based online advertisements are currently in use,
along with various associated distribution requirements,
advertising metrics, and pricing mechanisms. Processes associated
with technologies such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) and
Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) enable a page to be configured
to contain a location for inclusion of an advertisement. An
advertisement can be selected for display each time the page is
requested, for example, by a browser or server application.
[0003] One common variety of online advertisement is the display of
advertisements based on a user's query term and/or query location.
For example, a user may conduct an on-line search for a coffee shop
in San Francisco. In this way, ads may be displayed for advertisers
having relevant businesses located near the user's query location.
Often the advertisement space for displaying the ads of the local
businesses is limited in space. Only a certain number of relevant
business advertisements may be displayed. A problem may occur in
that there may be more businesses near the query location than can
be displayed in the ad space shown to the user. A problem may arise
in determining which business ads to display.
SUMMARY
[0004] By way of introduction, the embodiments described below
include a method and system for advertising. The embodiments relate
to advertisement listings based on categories associated with
search results. The embodiments further relate to geographic
limitations of those advertisements. In one embodiment, the
advertisements displayed may be rotated so that ads from one
company are not shown together, but rather ads from multiple
companies can be shown.
[0005] In a first aspect, a method is disclosed that provides
advertising content for display in a page over a computer network
includes: establishing a portion of the page to display an
advertisement; determining an advertisement that is qualified for
display in the portion of the page; determining whether any
qualified advertisement is for an advertiser having more than one
advertisement; and rotating the advertisements for the advertiser
such that only one advertisement per advertiser is displayed at any
one time.
[0006] In a second aspect, an ad server is disclosed for providing
advertising content for display in a page over a computer network
to a user includes: a database to store a plurality of
advertisements; and a computer executed program, including: a first
routine to determine a qualified advertisement from the plurality
of advertisements for display in a portion of the page; a second
routine to determine whether the qualified advertisement is one of
a plurality of qualified advertisements that are for a single
advertiser; and a third routine to rotate advertisements for the
single advertiser such that only one advertisement from the single
advertiser is displayed at any one time.
[0007] In a third aspect, a method is disclosed for displaying
advertisements on a page, the method including: determining a
plurality of advertisements that are qualified for display on the
page; determining whether more than one of the advertisements are
for a single advertiser; and rotating the advertisements for the
single advertiser such that only one advertisement for the single
advertiser is displayed to the user at any one time.
[0008] In a fourth aspect, a method is disclosed for providing
advertising content for display in a page over a network to a user,
the method including: providing an input selector for an advertiser
to input a search category, wherein the search category corresponds
to a query term of the user; providing an input selector for an
advertiser to input a region, wherein the region corresponds to a
location of the user; and displaying the advertising content of the
advertiser if the user searches for the query term corresponding to
the inputted search category and the location corresponds to the
inputted region.
[0009] In a fifth aspect, a method is disclosed for matching a
search query to an advertisement, the method including: receiving a
search term for the search query; determining search results for
the search term; correlating each of the search results to at least
one search category; determining an amount of the search results
that correlate to the search category; selecting one of the search
categories in accordance with the determined amount; and providing
advertiser content in accordance with the selected search
category.
[0010] In a sixth aspect, a system is disclosed for matching a
search query to an advertisement, including: a user interface to
receive a search term; a search algorithm engine connected with the
user interface, the search algorithm engine to determine search
results for the search term; and a category engine connected with
the search algorithm engine, the category engine to correlate each
of the search results to at least one search category, determine an
amount of the search results that correlate to the search category,
select one of the search categories in accordance with the
determined amount, and provide advertiser content in accordance
with the selected search category.
[0011] In a seventh aspect, a method is disclosed for matching a
query term and location of a user to an ad of an advertiser, the
method including: performing a search algorithm on the query term
and location received from the user to obtain search results;
determining if the query term correlates to a determined advertiser
category; requesting advertiser content for the advertiser category
if the query term correlates to the determined advertiser category
and if the location correlates to a determined advertiser location;
determining each search category associated with the search results
if the query term did not correlate to the determined advertiser
category; determining a count for each search category of the
associations with the search results; and requesting advertiser
content for the search category based on the count.
[0012] Other systems, methods, features and advantages will be, or
will become, apparent to one with skill in the art upon examination
of the following figures and detailed description. It is intended
that all such additional systems, methods, features and advantages
be included within this description, be within the scope of the
invention, and be protected by the following claims and be defined
by the following claims. Nothing in this section should be taken as
a limitation on those claims. Further aspects and advantages are
discussed below in conjunction with the preferred embodiments.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0013] Non-limiting and non-exhaustive embodiments are described
with reference to the following drawings. In the drawings, like
reference numerals refer to like parts throughout the various
figures unless otherwise specified.
[0014] FIG. 1 provides a simplified view of one embodiment of an
operating environment.
[0015] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary system for
advertising.
[0016] FIG. 3 is an illustration of an exemplary search results
page.
[0017] FIG. 4 is an illustration of an exemplary advertiser
interface.
[0018] FIG. 5 is an illustration of an exemplary advertiser
interface.
[0019] FIG. 6 is an illustration of an exemplary advertiser
interface.
[0020] FIG. 7 is an illustration of an exemplary advertiser
interface.
[0021] FIG. 8 is an illustration of an exemplary advertiser
interface.
[0022] FIG. 9 is an illustration of an exemplary advertiser
interface.
[0023] FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process
flow of ad server.
[0024] FIG. 11 is a block diagram illustrating an exemplary
grouping of geographic regions.
[0025] FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process
flow for the assignment of geographic regions.
[0026] FIG. 13 is an illustration of exemplary search results
pages.
[0027] FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary logic for
determining a category for an advertisement.
[0028] FIG. 15 is a block diagram of an exemplary general computer
system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0029] The principles described herein may be embodied in many
different forms. The methods and systems may allow businesses to
have ads displayed on a web page in accordance with a context of
the page. The methods and systems may allow advertising on search
results pages by enabling advertisers to select an advertising
category and advertising region for the ad to be displayed. An
algorithm may be used to determine a category of the search results
resulting from a consumer query term and query location. The
methods and systems may allow geographically dense chain businesses
to advertise in limited ad spaces by rotating the relevant ad
listings. The method and system may also serve the ad listing for
the closest location, based on the user query, user query location
and/or the advertiser location.
[0030] FIG. 1 provides a simplified view of a network environment.
Not all of the depicted components may be required, however, and
some embodiments of the invention may include additional components
not shown in the figure. Variations in the arrangement and type of
the components may be made without departing from the spirit or
scope of the claims as set forth herein.
[0031] In FIG. 1, environment 100 includes an advertisement
services server 110, which may provide a platform for selection,
optimization, and/or distribution of advertisements for inclusion
in pages, such as web pages (e.g. FIG. 3). Pages may be provided to
users by a portal server 104 and/or a third-party server 102. In
FIG. 1, users are represented by a user device 106, depicted as a
conventional personal computer, and/or other device such as a
mobile user device 112, including a network-enabled mobile phone,
personal digital assistant (PDA), pager, network-enabled
television, digital video recorder, such as TIVO, and/or
automobile.
[0032] Some or all of advertisement services server 110, portal
server 104, and third-party server 102 may be in communication with
each other by way of network 108. The advertisement services server
110 and portal server 104 may each represent multiple linked
computing devices, and multiple third-party servers, such as
third-party server 102, may be included in environment 100. Network
108 may be regarded as a public or private network connection and
may include, for example, a virtual private network or an
encryption or other security mechanism employed over the public
Internet, or the like.
[0033] User device 106 and mobile user device 112 are represented
by user-interactive devices that typically run browser
applications, and the like, to display requested pages received
over a network. The user may be a consumer of goods of services
that is searching for a business such as a business of the
advertiser. Such devices are in communication with portal server
104 and/or third-party server 102 by way of network 109. Network
109 may include the Internet and may include all or part of network
108; network 108 may include all or part of network 109.
[0034] Portal server 104, third-party server 102, advertisement
services server 110, user device 106, and mobile user device 112
represent computing devices of various kinds. Such computing
devices may generally include any device that is configured to
perform computation and that is capable of sending and receiving
data communications by way of one or more wired and/or wireless
communication interfaces. Such devices may be configured to
communicate in accordance with any of a variety of network
protocols, including but not limited to protocols within the
Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) protocol
suite. For example, user device 106 may be configured to execute a
browser application that employs HTTP to request information, such
as a web page, from a web server, which may be a process executing
on portal server 104 or third-party server 102.
[0035] Networks 108, 109 may be configured to couple one computing
device to another computing device to enable communication of data
between the devices. Networks 108, 109 may generally be enabled to
employ any form of machine-readable media for communicating
information from one device to another. Each of networks 108, 109
may include one or more of a wireless network, a wired network, a
local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a direct
connection such as through a Universal Serial Bus (USB) port, and
the like, and may include the set of interconnected networks that
make up the Internet. Networks 108, 109 may include any
communication method by which information may travel between
computing devices.
[0036] FIG. 2 is a block diagram of an exemplary system 200 for
displaying advertisements. The system 200 shows components and
steps that an advertiser may take in advertising. The system 200
also shows components and steps a service provider may take to
display the advertisements. Results of a search may be displayed in
a web page 202. The system allows an advertiser to purchase an ad.
The advertiser may also be referred to as a company, business,
chain, or store.
[0037] The web page 202 may display featured listings 204, 206
and/or non-featured results 208 at various locations on the web
page 202. The featured listings 204, 206 are listings that an
advertiser pays to have placed in the featured listing part of the
web page 202. The featured listings 204, 206 may be set apart from
the rest of the web page 202 by displaying behind the content a
color or shading different than the rest of the web page 202 or by
displaying the content of the featured listings 204, 206 in a
visually different manner than the content on the rest of the web
page 202 such as by changing the color of the background or the
font. Featured listings may be displayed at a predetermined part of
the page such as at the top 204 of the web page 202 and/or at the
bottom 206 of the web page. The featured listings 204, 206 may be
advertisements that display an advertiser's information, described
in more detail below. The web page 202 may also display
non-featured results 208, such as those determined by a search
algorithm of search algorithmic engine 244 without an advertiser
paying to have their advertisement positioned in a featured part of
the web page 202. The featured listings 204, 206 may be related,
however, to the non-featured results 208, as described in more
detail below.
[0038] FIG. 3 is an example of a web page 202. The web page 202
shows both featured listings 204 and non-featured results 208. Both
the featured listings 204, 206 and the non-featured results 208 may
display information such as a name, address, and/or a phone number.
In addition, the advertiser's name may be hyperlinked to a page
displaying other details about the advertiser, or the advertiser's
web site. A link to a map 322 and/or directions to the address of
the advertiser may also be displayed. One or more categories 324
may be associated with the particular result listing. The search
results may also be listed as non-enhanced or enhanced listings.
Enhanced listings display more information than just basic
information related to a search result. An enhanced listing can
display all the information from the basic result such as name,
address, phone number and link, and also give space for additional
information such as a picture or logo, a slogan or description,
additional links, and other additional information. Either the
basic search results or the enhanced listings may display more or
less information.
[0039] In one example, there are three available slots for featured
listings to be displayed at the top 204 of the page. One listing
304 is purchased by an advertiser as a featured listing. The
remaining two listings 306, 308 are back-fill advertisements. In
one embodiment, the featured listing 304 is paid for based on
placement in the featured listings section of the page 202. The
back-fill advertisement listings 306, 308 may be paid for in other
ways, such as based on the number of users who click a link of the
advertisement. Additional featured listings may also be displayed
at the bottom of the page under the non-featured results 208. In
alternative embodiments, the number of slots available for featured
listings may vary to include room for more or less than three
listings. For example, for a Personal Digital Assistant ("PDA") or
a cell phone browser, there may be only one slot available for a
featured listing.
[0040] The purchased featured listings such as listing 204 may be
determined by an algorithm. The algorithm may consider a determined
category of the user's search term, as described in more detail
below. In one embodiment, the featured listings are displayed if
they match or correlate to the geographic location and the category
of the user's search. A category is a grouping of one or more
related search terms or keywords. One example would be an
advertiser who purchased the category "florist." The "florist"
category may include the keywords roses, daisies, lilies or other
types of flowers. The advertiser may purchase a featured listing
based on the category. The advertiser does not have to think of
keywords that a consumer will search for, but rather just the
category. The purchase of a category may make advertising easier
and more effective.
[0041] The featured listings may include, but are not limited to, a
business name, tagline, display URL with potentially different
click-thru URL, telephone number, street address (may be
suppressed), city, state, map link, directions link, Send-to-Phone
link, or logo. The listing elements may include a click thru to
either a hosted business details page or an advertiser's web page.
The map, directions and Send-to-Phone links may click thru to a
maps page, directions page, send-to-phone page, or a pop-up page,
respectively. In an alternative embodiment, the featured listings
may apply to industry specific local listings, or local event
listings. Examples of industry specific local listings may be job
listings, real estate listings, auto-related listings, personals
listings, or any other industry specific listings. Local event
listings add the dimension of date and time to the typical business
or service listing.
[0042] A non-featured result 310 can be one of many search results
(the rest of which are not shown). In one embodiment, there can be
a total of ten search results per page with multiple pages. A
non-featured result 310, or other non-purchased listing may be
shown as a basic listing with listing information such as address
and phone number. Alternatively, a link to a web page and possibly,
a two line quote may be included with a basic listing. A
non-featured result 310, or other purchased listing may also be
shown as an enhanced listing which may include a link to a web
page, and potentially a tagline and additional promotional links or
information. The non-featured result 310 need not be enhanced.
Enhancement of a basic listing is similar to an advertisement in
that the advertiser pays to have its listing enhanced, however, the
listing may still appear as a non-featured result of the search.
The non-featured results, whether basic or enhanced may include a
different variety of information.
[0043] The search shown in FIG. 3 may be initiated by the user 106,
112 entering search terms into a search box 312 and a location box
314 located on the page 202. Alternatively, the user may initiate a
search by clicking on a hyperlinked text line of any search term.
This link initiates a search, just as if the user had typed the
search term into a search box. For example, the hyperlinked term
"golf courses" may appear as part of a list of popular searches for
that week for a given location and the user can click on a link for
"golf courses" and see the search results as if the user typed
"golf courses" into the search box. For explanatory purposes, the
user is searching for "golf courses", listed in search box 312, and
"San Jose, Calif." listed in location box 314. The result 310 shown
is the first or closest match or correlation to golf courses in San
Jose, Calif. The closest match may be determined many different
ways. In terms of geography, closest may mean shortest physical
distance, or may mean shortest driving distance taking into account
traffic, speed limits, etc. In terms of categories, closest may be
determined based on the search engine logic or algorithm taking in
to account additional factors. The category relating to the search
is shown in the category hierarchy 316 to be "Courses" within
"Golf." The category hierarchy 316 expands further to "Recreation
& Sporting Goods" within "San Jose City Page." A related
category section 324 is also shown. The related category section
324 contains categories that may relate to the search. The number
next to the listed category may correspond to the number of search
results listed within the category, such as eighty one results for
"Golf Courses".
[0044] The web page 202 in FIG. 3 may display results based on
geographic information. The geographic location may be received
explicitly from the location box 314. Alternatively, the location
can be determined implicitly based on the detection of a location
from cookie information, registration information, IP address,
global positioning satellite (GPS) device, television, or other
methods. In an alternative embodiment, the device used to do the
search may be something other than a computer, such as a mobile
phone, PDA , pagers, automobile software, televisions, digital
video recorders (e.g. DVRs like TIVO), etc. The devices may include
GPS. For these variations, the location input may be based on
implicit location rather than explicit location. The search results
displayed may be displayed such that the advertiser of the search
result is located near or within the given geographic location of
the user.
[0045] The web page 202 may display options to the user 106, 112
that are related to the geographic information. The map 322 may
show the location of each of the algorithmic search results. The
box with a "1" in the map 322 may correspond to the first search
result 310. The map 322 may also display the location of the
featured listings. The featured listing 304 may be labeled with an
"a" and there may be a corresponding box with an "a" on the map 322
to show the location of the business advertised in the featured
listing 304. The map 322 may be expandable for easier viewing and
may allow for both zooming in and zooming out for the user 106, 112
to view different features. The neighborhood 320 lists an area
shown in the map 322. The neighborhood link allows a user to refine
the search by limiting the search results to a particular
neighborhood. For example, if the map had been of Manhattan, the
user may see neighborhoods labeled for SoHo, East Village, etc. The
result radius 318 may be modified to find results over a greater
area, or to narrow the search results over a smaller area. The
results displayed are those results that are within the selected
result radius 318. A default value for the result radius 318 can be
modified by the user.
[0046] In FIG. 2, an advertiser may purchase enhanced listings or
featured listings to be advertised on a web page 202. A consumer
search is also described, followed by the process by which both the
non-featured results 208 and the featured listings 204, 206 may be
displayed.
[0047] The advertiser may be a self-serve advertiser 210 or an
invoice advertiser/reseller 216. An invoice advertiser/reseller 216
may include an advertiser who buys large quantities of
advertisements. An advertiser may also be referred to as a
business, company, organization, holding company or store. In
general, an advertiser is someone or something that purchases an
advertisement. The self-serve advertiser 210 may include a smaller
advertiser who does not buy large quantities of ads. Typically, the
self-serve advertiser 210 may be a small business with limited
locations, whereas an invoice advertiser/reseller 216 may be a
national corporation.
[0048] The self-serve advertiser 210 may purchase advertising space
via the self-serve interface 212. The self-serve interface 212
helps the advertiser to determine available advertisement
inventory. FIGS. 4-9 are illustrations of steps that may be part of
the self-serve interface 212. In an alternate embodiment, FIGS. 4-9
may also represent the interface for an invoice advertiser 216 to
purchase an advertisement. Specifically, FIGS. 4-9 are
illustrations of various interfaces through which an advertiser may
purchase an ad by entering relevant information about the business
to be advertised and the category and region which the add is based
on.
[0049] FIG. 4 illustrates an interface 400 in which an advertiser
may enter their business listing to be advertised. The interface
400 is the listing details 402 of the advertiser or business
placing the ad. The advertiser must enter contact information 404,
which may include name, email, or phone. The advertiser can then
enter the location information 406. The location information 406 is
the business name and location as well as any other relevant
information on the business to be advertised. Other information may
include a web site, email or fax number. The advertiser can also
enter the hours of operation 408 to display when the business being
advertised is open or the payment methods 410 that the business
accepts. Finally, the advertiser may enter any additional
information 412 such as year established, languages, brand names
carried, products and services offered or professional
associations. All the listed information is merely exemplary and
the advertiser may be able to enter more or less information
relating to the business to be advertised.
[0050] FIG. 5 illustrates an interface 500 in which an advertiser
may enter a category for their advertisement. The interface 500 is
for the category selection 502 of the advertisement. The advertiser
may choose a primary category 504. The primary category 504 may
relate to a general area for the advertiser's business. The
advertiser may then choose the category 506 for the advertisement.
The category 506 may comprise a master category and a sub-category.
The sub-category may be a subset of the master category. The
category 506 is used to determine when an advertisement is
displayed. If a user searches for keywords that are in that
category, then the advertisement is displayed. Interface 500 may
give additional options 508 based on the category 506 chosen. In
this example, the primary category is "Food and Dining" with a
primary sub-category of "Pizza." This is just one example of a
primary category and primary sub-category. "Food and Dining" may
have sub-categories for many different types of food. Additional
options 508 in this example may be price range, reservations
policy, dress code, smoking allowed, atmosphere, parking or other
options. The additional options 508 may be unique for different
categories or sub-categories. The advertiser can also include
further descriptions and web links 510 such as a web link, a
company tagline or description, or a further business description.
The ad may also include featured information 512 which may include
a longer or shorter tagline or description or a tracking/web
address.
[0051] FIG. 6 illustrates an interface 600 in which an advertiser
may include images with their advertisement. The interface 600 is
for adding images 602 to the advertisement. A logo 604, a photo
606, or additional photos 608 for the business may be added to the
advertisement. The logo 604 may be a trademark or other identifier
of the business being advertised. The photos 606, 608 may be of the
business or relevant products or other advertising materials. The
image 610 shows the logo 604 or photos 606, 608 that may be
displayed.
[0052] FIG. 7 illustrates an interface 700 in which an advertiser
may preview their advertisement. The advertiser can view a preview
of the search results page 702 or view a preview of a details page
704. The details page 704 may be a separate window that is shown
when a user clicks on or scrolls on an advertisement.
[0053] FIG. 8 illustrates an interface 800 in which an advertiser
may choose a region or location for an advertisement. The interface
800 is for selecting a region 802 for the advertisement. The
advertiser has already selected a category 804. In FIG. 8, the
category is shown to be golf courses. The interface 800
automatically selects a region based upon the address of the
business from the contact information 404 as shown in FIG. 4. The
category 804 shows the geographic location as "near San
Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif." The advertiser may choose the
region for an advertisement to display. The advertiser may select a
location various ways, such as by pointing a curser to a location
on a map 818 displayed. Different geographic locations and the
determination of regions and the size of regions will be discussed
below in association with FIGS. 11 and 13.
[0054] The map 818 shows a geographic area. In this case, the area
shown is "San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif." The map 818 may
display available inventory, which is also shown in the results
spreadsheet 816. The locations on the map 818 correspond with the
regions shown in the results spreadsheet 816. The map 818 may
display available, unavailable and an advertiser's already booked
inventory for particular regions. An advertiser may click on the
map 818 to select and purchase featured advertisements for a
particular region for a given category 804. The map 818 can be
resized and the advertiser can zoom in and zoom out when selecting
a region. As shown in map 818, the advertiser has selected the
"Santa Clara, Calif." region associated with number 8 in the
results spreadsheet 816. The details 820 of that particular region
are shown including the inventory available, the price, and the
location of the featured listings available.
[0055] In FIG. 2, the self-serve interface 212 allows an advertiser
to tender payment to purchase an enhanced listing, a featured
listing, or both through billing 214. In one embodiment, the
billing 214 is made through a credit card. Alternative forms of
payment are possible. During a purchase, the self-serve interface
212 may check with inventory management 230 to determine if the ad
the user wishes to purchase is available. For example, the user
determines if there are available featured listings for "golf
courses" in "San Jose, Calif." There may be a finite number of
featured listings that can be shown on a search results page or web
page and therefore a limited number featured listings may be sold.
Inventory management 230 may determine if the category and
geographic location of a requested featured listing is
available.
[0056] The inventory management 230 may confirm the inventory with
the account management platform 218. The inventory management 230
may also communicate with the ad server 232 when the ad is
displayed as will be discussed below as related to FIG. 10. If one
or both of the category or location is not available, inventory
management 230 may prompt the advertiser for other available
inventory for other categories, or for alternate geographical
locations. The alternate geographical locations may be a separate
location or may be a larger region. An advertiser who could not get
the category/location requested may receive notification if the
category/location requested becomes available at a later date.
[0057] Unlike a self-serve advertiser 210, an invoice
advertiser/reseller 216 may be an advertiser that buys large
quantities of advertisements. The method in which they purchase ads
may be different from the self-serve advertiser. The invoice
advertiser/reseller 216 may use the account management platform 218
to check or confirm inventory with inventory management 230.
[0058] FIG. 9 is an illustration of an exemplary advertiser
interface. FIG. 9 may illustrate an account management platform
218. The account management platform 218 is usually directly
associated with invoice advertiser/resellers 216 rather than
self-serve advertisers 210. The invoice advertiser 216 may purchase
advertising space via the account management platform 218. The
account management platform 218 helps the advertiser to determine
available advertisement inventory or check existing inventory. The
user may enter a category 904 and/or a sub-category 906. An example
of either a category 904 or a sub-category 906 is "golf courses."
If "golf courses" is the category 904, then possible sub-categories
906 may be types of courses, difficulty of courses or the cost of
the courses. If the sub-category 906 is "golf courses," then the
category 904 may have been recreation, sports facilities, or
sporting venues. This is just one example of the categories from
which an advertiser purchases an ad.
[0059] In addition to selecting a category for an advertisement,
the advertiser may select a geographic location or region for which
the advertiser determines to advertise. The area 908, the state
910, or the region 912 can be selected from the pull-down menus to
narrow the geographic location for which the ad will be displayed.
The advertiser may select a location from any or all of the area
908, the state 910, or the region 912 and selects the show
available inventory button 914. This is just one embodiment of the
selection of geographic location. Alternatively, the advertiser may
be provided a limited set of advertising region choices from which
to choose based on the advertiser's business address. The
advertiser may also select a location in other ways such as by
pointing a curser to a location on a map displayed on the page 212
and clicking. Different geographic locations and the determination
of regions and the size of regions will be discussed below in
association with FIGS. 11 and 13.
[0060] The map 918 shows the selected region 912. In this case, the
region 912 is "San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose, Calif." The map 918
may display available inventory, which is also shown in the results
spreadsheet 916. The locations on the map 912 correspond with the
regions shown in the results spreadsheet 916. The map 912 may
display available, unavailable, or an advertiser's already booked
inventory for particular regions. An advertiser may click on the
map 912 to select and purchase featured advertisements for a
particular region for a given category 904 or sub-category 906. The
map 918 can be resized and the advertiser can zoom in and zoom out
when selecting a region. As shown in map 918, the advertiser has
selected the "Santa Clara, Calif." region associated with number 8
in the results spreadsheet 916. The details 920 of that particular
region are shown including the inventory available, the price, and
the location of the featured listings available.
[0061] In FIG. 2, the invoice advertiser/reseller 216 may use a
feed upload 222 for purchasing ads. A feed may be an XML or EXCEL
file or a tab-delineated spreadsheet with information for the
purchase of an ad. For an invoice advertiser/reseller 216, once a
daily feed of featured listing candidates has been received,
reviewed and processed, then the applicable featured listing
requests may then be confirmed and booked with inventory management
230. The invoice advertiser/reseller 216 may pass category and
region information flow to the feed upload 222. In one embodiment,
the invoice advertiser/reseller 216 may use a trusted feed
generator ("TFG") 220 to purchase the ads for the
advertiser/reseller 216. The TFG may be a third-party company that
handles an advertiser's purchase of bulk ads. The feed upload 222
communicates with the indexing and feed processing 224. The
self-serve interface 212 may also communicate with the indexing and
feed processing 224. The indexing and feed processing 224 may be
used to provide advertisements to the search algorithmic engine 224
to be available for a user's search.
[0062] A user or consumer query 240 may be entered into a consumer
interface 242. The consumer query 240 includes a search term to be
searched and may include a location for the search, such that
search results relate to the search term and entered location.
Alternatively, a location may be determined implicitly or not used
at all. The location may be used to limit the results for the
search term to include relevant results located in the location
selected by the user. In one embodiment the consumer interface 242
is an interface to a website that may be used to search over the
Internet. The consumer interface 242 may supply the search
parameters to the search algorithmic engine 244 to perform the
search. The results from the search are displayed on the web page
202. The indexing & feed processing 224 may have enhanced
listings that are added to the algorithmic results 208 through the
search algorithmic engine 244.
[0063] The ad server 232 receives the search terms for the search
from the consumer interface 242 in order to display the appropriate
advertisements in the web page 202. The ad server may check and
confirm inventory from inventory management 230. The ad server 232
provides featured listings 204, 206 to the web page 202.
[0064] FIG. 10 is a flow chart of a logic for an exemplary ad
server 232. The ad server 232 may select which advertisements are
shown and may display the relevant featured listings 204, 206 in
the web page 202. In block 1002 the advertiser purchases a featured
listing. The advertiser may purchase one slot for a featured
listing based on a particular category in a particular geographic
location. In block 1004, the consumer may enter a query with a
search term and a geographic location. The geographic location can
be set up in multiple ways. For example, the location may be broken
down by neighborhoods, city blocks, zip codes, area codes, cities,
counties, states, or any other mechanism.
[0065] FIG. 11 is an illustration of the possible breakdown of
geographic regions according to one embodiment. The determination
of geographic regions can be accomplished in many different ways
and FIG. 11 is merely exemplary. FIG. 11 illustrates two regions
1102, 1104, which include various zip codes 1106-1108, 1110-1112.
Region X 1102 includes zip codes A, B, C 1106-1108 and region Y
1104 comprises zip codes D, E, F 1110-1112. Further, regions 1102,
1104 are part of a region group 1100. Region group M 1100 includes
regions 1102, 1104. In this example, zip codes are a subset of the
regions, which are a subset of a region group. Zip codes, which may
relate to postal zip codes are just one way to identify multiple
geographic locations and the regions including multiple zip codes
could correspond to counties or other areas. Region group M 1100
could be a state, parts of a state, or a group of states in this
example.
[0066] While FIG. 11 illustrates the hierarchy of regions, FIG. 12
is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary assignment of zip codes
to particular geographic regions. In block 1202, if all the
population of zip code A lives in region X then zip code A is
assigned to region X according to block 1204. Likewise, if not all
the population of zip code A lives in region X, then according to
block 1206, if the majority of the population of zip code A lives
in region X, then assign zip code A to region X according to block
1208. If a majority of the population of zip code A does not live
in region X then according to block 1210, zip code A is assigned to
the region which has the largest percentage of the zip code A's
population. This illustrates an exemplary way in determining
geographic locations by using regions made up of zip codes.
[0067] In FIG. 10, block 1006 involves determining the featured
listings for the consumer's query for a particular zip code. Again,
this example uses zip codes, which form regions, however, as
discussed above, the geographical breakdown associated with
listings can be done in many different ways with many options for
determining regions and geographic locations. If there are not
multiple featured listings for the same company within a zip code,
then a featured listing slot may be filled with the only listing
according to block 1008. If there are multiple featured listings
for the same company within a zip code for a particular category
according to block 1010, then to prevent the same listing from
always being displayed or to prevent the featured listings from
being filled with all of the same company, those multiple same-zip,
featured listings may be rotated in the featured listing slot in
block 1012. The featured listings may be rotated such that a
different listing appears from the previous one that was listed
when a new search is conducted. Alternatively or additionally, the
listings may be rotated such that they appear and disappear on a
single page over time in a sequential manner.
[0068] The embodiments described above discuss the use of
geographic limitations such as regions or zip codes in a search
engine to determine advertisements, and also to determine search
results or non-featured listings. As discussed above, when a
consumer searches within a particular region such as a zip code,
the search engine first looks within that zip code for available
advertisements. If there are no advertisements in the zip code,
then the geographic area is expanded and the search engine looks
for advertisements in the same region. If no advertisements are
available in the region, then the search engine may expand further
to a region group. This is one embodiment of dynamic expansion of
geographic location. In an alternative embodiment, a search may
have very few listings for a small neighborhood, so the geographic
limits used by the search engine are automatically expanded to
encompass a greater area. Likewise, the geographic area covered may
be expanded in determining which advertisements are displayed. The
applicable geographic area for advertisements may be systematically
expanded in order to find an advertisement that matches the user's
location. The ad-server displays the geographically relevant ads by
starting from a close range (e.g. zip code) and then expanding
outwards to a limited geographic area (e.g. region or region group)
to display advertisements within those geographic limits.
[0069] FIG. 13 is an exemplary illustration of two search results
pages 1310, 1320 that are implementing a rotated featured listing.
The web pages 1310, 1320 have a search box 312 and a location box
314 adapted to receive a user's input. The search term in search
box 312 may be "fast food" and the geographic location in location
box 314 may be "Macon, Ga." The non-featured search result 1302 is
the same for both web pages 1310, 1320 because the search term and
location are the same for both searches. Search results page 1310
has a featured listing 1312, whereas web page 1320 has a featured
listing 1322, which is a different location of the same company.
Featured listings 1312 and 1322 are both KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN
stores, however, they are different stores with different
addresses. Rather than display two featured listings of KENTUCKY
FRIED CHICKEN stores, the location of the particular KENTUCKY FRIED
CHICKEN store shown may be rotated or alternated.
[0070] This example shows that the search result is independent of
the featured listings 1311, 1321 or advertisements. In one
embodiment, regardless of which advertisements are shown on a web
page, the search results are based on an algorithm within a search
engine. In web page 1320, the search result 1302 correlates to the
featured listing 1321. As discussed below, the advertiser category
which determines the featured listings that are shown may be
influenced by the search results, but the search results may not be
influenced by the advertisements. The search results may be
enhanced, but the list does not change, merely the appearance for
an enhanced listing changes.
[0071] In the example from FIG. 13, web pages 1310, 1320 contain
three featured listing slots 1311, 1321. This is an example where
the advertising slots are limited because there are only three ads
shown. The rotation of featured listings may ensure the
consumer/searcher/user will have variety in the advertisements that
are displayed when there is limited advertisement space available.
Advertising may be less effective and less user friendly if all
three featured listings are filled with the same company at three
different locations. It also may give the perception that the
search may be biased when there are three advertisements for the
same company. Rotation of ads may eliminate this overlap and ensure
each company can only have one featured listing displayed at a
time. The rotation may be perceived as being fair because the
individual store locations both receive advertisement time.
Rotation of the advertisements may enable the advertiser to share
the benefits of the advertising opportunity with both of its
locations, by displaying each location's listings to a portion of
the users making the query within the geographic location.
[0072] In an alternative embodiment, if an exact geographic
location of the user is known, such as a street address, then the
featured listing that is shown may be the closest location to the
user. In the KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN example, the store with the
closest address to the user may be shown. However, if the exact
address or geographic location is not known, such as a search
within a zip code when there are multiple KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN
store's in the zip code, then the featured listings may rotate the
stores in that zip code that are shown as a featured listing.
[0073] An advertiser has the option of selecting the geographic
location in which they display featured listings. A national chain
advertiser may choose to purchase ads for geographic locations
across the U.S. despite not having stores in every region, or any
other geographical boundary (zip code, state, county, etc.).
Examples of such advertisers include a hardware chain or a
furniture chain. If a user performs a search in a category covered
by the furniture chain, but not in a region where the store is
located, a featured listing may be shown for the closest store from
the furniture chain despite the fact the store is not located
within the designated geographical boundary.
[0074] In yet another example, the featured advertisement shown may
be rotated, however, the ad may contain a link so that the user can
view multiple locations of the business. In the example from FIG.
13, only one KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN location is shown as a featured
listing, but regardless of which location is shown, the featured ad
may include a link that enables the user to view all the locations
of KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN in the particular geographic location. If
the user engages the link, a separate web page or other display
area such as a pop-up window may display other locations of
KENTUCKY FRIED CHICKEN. Alternatively, the other locations can
display on the map 1314, 1324 when the user clicks the link or
moves the cursor over the link.
[0075] The rotation may be accomplished for companies that are
advertising more than one brand. For example, GAP, OLD NAVY and
BANANA REPUBLIC are all part of the same holding company. However,
to consumers, the three brands are three different entities.
Therefore, the holding company may purchase multiple advertisements
for the three brands in the same category and location. If there
are three featured listings slots open, then they may be each
filled with one ad for GAP, OLD NAVY and BANANA REPUBLIC. This
example illustrates that the advertiser purchasing an ad can have
many different forms, and consequently, the ad listings shown and
whether there is a rotation may be dependent on the relevant facts.
In this case, the holding company is the advertiser, but there may
not be rotation because the advertisements are for three different
brands. Therefore, rotation may not be based on the company that is
the advertiser, but may be based on the brand that is being
advertised.
[0076] The rotation described above is not just for featured
listings. Alternatively, there may be rotation of any
advertisements on a page regardless of their location. Further, the
search results or non-featured listings may also be rotated in an
alternative embodiment.
[0077] Referring to FIG. 10, in block 1014, if there is exactly one
chain listing in a particular region then that listing may be used
for a featured listing slot in block 1016. In block 1018, if there
are multiple listings for a given company or chain in a region that
includes the consumer's zip code, then those listings may be
rotated in the featured listing slot in block 1020. This rotation
may be similar to the rotation in FIG. 13; however, the featured
ads that are rotated may be located in the same region rather than
the same zip code. FIG. 13 is an example of rotation for locations
within the same region rather than within the same zip code.
Alternatively, the featured ads may be rotated when multiple
locations are in the same zip code rather than the same region.
[0078] Likewise, in block 1022, if there are multiple chain
listings in a region group that include the consumer zip code, the
closest listing to the consumer's zip code may be filled in the
featured listing slot in block 1024. However, if there is not a
listing in the region group that includes the consumer's zip code
then the featured listing slots may be filled with other sponsored
ads, such as back-fill cost-per-click (CPC) ads according to block
1026. A CPC advertisement may be an ad in which an advertiser bids
to have a listing. The ad may be displayed on the page 202, 1310,
1320 in accordance with the bid amount, such as the highest bids
being displayed on the top portion of the page. The advertiser may
pay the bid amount each time a user clicks on a link of the
advertisement.
[0079] In FIG. 2, the ad server 232 may provide a back-fill with
CPC 234 to fill in the featured listings 204, 206. In one
embodiment, there may be six featured listings slots and if there
are not six purchased featured listing advertisements that meet the
search category and geographic location of a consumer query 240,
then the remaining featured listing slots may be filled with other
advertisements, which may be referred to as back-fill. In one
embodiment, the featured listings are ordinarily purchased on a
monthly rate; however, the back-fill could include CPC or any other
advertisements. The back-fill may be filled by other
advertisements, or even additional search results or non-featured
results.
[0080] The consumer query 240 allows a user/consumer to enter a
search term. The search algorithmic engine 244 is coupled with the
category engine 246, which is coupled with the ad server 232. The
category engine 246 determines the category of the consumer's
search query or search term. The category of the consumer's search
query is associated with an advertiser category. The search
category is the category associated with the consumer's search.
There may be a database of potential advertiser categories and the
search category is matched to or compared with an advertiser
category.
[0081] The search category may be used to determine which
advertisements are displayed as discussed above. In the examples
from FIG. 3, the category was "golf courses." The featured listings
may be purchased based on geographic location and based on a search
category. At the time of purchase, an advertiser may select a
search category to be associated with their featured listing. The
determination of geographic location may be determined as discussed
above, while the determination of the search category may be
performed by the category engine 246.
[0082] In one embodiment, a consumer enters a search term for a
given geographic location and that search term is compared or
matched with an existing database of available categories that may
correlate to the search term. The matching of the search term could
be accomplished in a variety of different ways. A search through
the advertising category database with the search term may result
in many possible advertiser categories. Alternatively, if the
search term is an actual advertiser category, then the search may
be associated with or correlated to that category. For example, the
category for the search term "golf courses" may be "golf courses,"
"golf," or "courses." The database of available categories may be
created and maintained by the search engine and can be updated
based on new categories for new listings. The listings that result
from the search may be assigned categories based on the categories
listed in the database. The categories can be associated with
keywords from a search and/or search results or listings.
[0083] In an alternative embodiment, the search category may be
determined based on a database of advertiser categories that are
associated with search keywords. Any search term used by the
consumer may be associated with a category in the database.
However, this technique of determining categories may be limited by
the keywords in the database. A search keyword that is not in the
database may have to be associated with a search category in a
different way than from the database.
[0084] FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating the logic of an
exemplary category determination by the category engine 246. An
advertiser 1402 may purchase a featured listing based on a
particular category and geographic location. The consumer enters a
query 240 comprising a search term and/or a location into the
search algorithmic engine 244. In block 1404, the category engine
246 determines if the search term from the consumer matches or
correlates to an established advertiser category. The advertiser
categories may be located in an existing database. The existing
database may be associated with the search algorithmic engine 244
and may be updated from time to time. If the search term matches or
correlates to an advertiser category, then the advertiser category
may be established as the search category in block 1406. The
matching may take into account variations of categories, such as
spelling errors, capitalization, spacing, singular/plural, or other
forms of words. If the search term does not match or correlate with
an advertiser category in block 1404, then a search category is
determined according to blocks 1408 and 1410. In block 1408, each
of the algorithmic search results are associated with at least one
advertiser category. In block 1410, the advertiser category that is
associated with the most algorithmic search results is the search
category in block 1412.
[0085] According to the exemplary embodiment, the search results
may each be associated with one or more advertiser categories. This
association may be used to determine the search category. Since
each search result may be associated with at least one advertiser
category, an advertiser category may be associated with one or more
search results. The number of times a search result is associated
with a particular advertiser category may be referred to as that
category's count or amount. Each advertiser category's count is the
sum total of the number of search results associated with that
category. The advertiser category with the highest count may then
be determined as the search category according to blocks
1410-1412.
[0086] Alternatively, search result listings may have consumer
notes or "Tags" associated with them. Tags can be referred to as
any information that is or becomes associated with a search or
particularly search results. Generally, the Tag is either consumer
created or consumer modified. These Tags and any associate Tag
descriptions or other content can be integrated with the search
engine and may contribute toward determining the search category
count of a set of search listings resulting from a consumer search.
Tags can also be viewed as a separate category hierarchy (based on
Tags clustered into a single category concept) used in the same way
to determine the category for contextual advertising. Using Tags as
the input for categories has the potential benefit of having the
consumer community review and maintain the quality of the
Tag/category association for each listing.
[0087] Tags may be a more open or interactive hierarchy as compared
with traditional categories which are more of an authoritative set.
Tags may include many different user inputted terms that cluster
around a certain concept. For example, a golf club store may be
named "Follow Through Equipment." At first, this business may only
sells golf club and when providing their listing information for
algorithmic search results, they only select the category "Golf
equipment." After some time passes, this store may expand to sell
things like tennis racquets and baseball bats. The business owner
may not remember to add additional categories to his listing.
However, consumers who shopped at this store may see the listing
online and add Tags to the listing for terms that cluster around
the concept "tennis equipment" and "baseball equipment." With
enough consumer indicated tags, these additional categories may be
associated with this listing. Similarly, if the business stops
selling baseball bats, the consumer tags may be updated to reflect
the change.
[0088] The category determination may depend on or be independent
of the geographical location. The category may be determined based
on the search results. If the search results are for a certain
geographic location, then the search results will be within that
geographical location. Accordingly, identical searches may be
associated with different categories depending on geographic
location. For example, a search for the term "plants" may result in
the category "Nurseries & Greenhouses" in one geographic
location, but may result in the category "Wholesale Flowers" in a
different geographic location because the search results for those
locations may be different.
[0089] Referring to FIG. 2, as a broad overview, an advertiser 210,
216 purchases an ad based on a search category and geographic
location or region. A consumer 240 uses a search engine 244 to
obtain search results for a selected search term or search terms.
The category engine 246 determines the advertiser category that is
matched with the search term or search terms and the ad server 232
places the ads on the web page 202.
[0090] The media used to transmit information across communication
links as described above illustrate one type of machine-readable
media, namely communication media. Generally, machine-readable
media include any media that can be accessed by a computing device
or other electronic device. Machine-readable media may include
processor-readable media, data storage media, network communication
media, and the like. Communication media typically embody
information that includes processor-readable instructions, data
structures, program components, or other data in a modulated data
signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism. Such
media may include any information delivery media. The terms
"modulated data signal" and "carrier wave signal" include a signal
that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such
a manner as to encode information, instructions, data, and the like
in the signal. By way of example, communication media include wired
media such as twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, and
other wired media, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF,
infrared, and other wireless media.
[0091] FIG. 15 is an illustrative embodiment of a general computer
system 1500. The computer system 1500 can include a set of
instructions that can be executed to cause the computer system 1500
to perform any one or more of the computer based functions
disclosed herein. The computer system 1500 may operate as a
standalone device or may be connected, e.g., using a network, to
other computer systems or peripheral devices. Suitable operating
systems include any of the MICROSOFT WINDOWS suite including XP, NT
and DOS. Other operating systems may be used such as UNIX or LINUX,
and the program may be invoked from another program such as an
Application Program Interface (API). Furthermore, alternative
software implementations may be used including, but not limited to,
distributed processing or component/object distributed processing,
parallel processing, or virtual machine processing can also be
constructed to implement the tools described herein.
[0092] In a networked deployment, the computer system may operate
in the capacity of a server or as a client user computer in a
server-client user network environment, or as a peer computer
system in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment. The
computer system 1500 can also be implemented as or incorporated
into various devices, such as a personal computer (PC), a tablet
PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a
mobile device, a palmtop computer, a laptop computer, a desktop
computer, a communications device, a wireless telephone, a
land-line telephone, a control system, a camera, a scanner, a
facsimile machine, a printer, a pager, a personal trusted device, a
web appliance, a television, a network router, switch or bridge, or
any other machine capable of executing a set of instructions
(sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that
machine. In a particular embodiment, the computer system 1500 can
be implemented using electronic devices that provide voice, video
or data communication. Further, while a single computer system 1500
is illustrated, the term "system" shall also be taken to include
any collection of systems or sub-systems that individually or
jointly execute a set, or multiple sets, of instructions to perform
one or more computer functions.
[0093] On an interconnected set of local area networks (LAN),
including networks employing differing protocols, a router may act
as a link between LANs, enabling messages to be sent from one to
another. Communication links within LANs typically include twisted
wire pair or coaxial cable. Communication links between networks
may generally use analog telephone lines, full or fractional
dedicated digital lines including T1, T2, T3, and T4, Integrated
Services Digital Networks (ISDNs), Digital Subscriber Lines (DSLs),
wireless links including satellite links, or other communication
links. Remote computers and other network-enabled electronic
devices may be remotely connected to LANs or WANs by way of a modem
and temporary telephone link.
[0094] In FIG. 15, the computer system 1500 may include a processor
1502, e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing
unit (GPU), or both. Moreover, the computer system 1500 can include
a main memory 1504 and a static memory 1506 that can communicate
with each other via a bus 1508. The computer system 1500 may
further include a video display unit 1510, such as a liquid crystal
display (LCD), an organic light emitting diode (OLED), a flat panel
display, a solid state display, or a cathode ray tube (CRT).
Additionally, the computer system 1500 may include an input device
1512, such as a keyboard, and a cursor control device 1514, such as
a mouse. The computer system 1500 can also include a disk drive
unit 1516, a signal generation device 1518, such as a speaker or
remote control, and a network interface device 1520.
[0095] In FIG. 15, the disk drive unit 1516 may include a
computer-readable medium 1522 in which one or more sets of
instructions 1524, e.g. software, can be embedded. Further, the
instructions 1524 may embody one or more of the methods or logic as
described herein. The instructions 1524 may reside completely, or
at least partially, within the main memory 1504, the static memory
1506, and/or within the processor 1502 during execution by the
computer system 1500. The main memory 1504 and the processor 1502
also may include computer-readable media.
[0096] Dedicated hardware implementations, such as application
specific integrated circuits, programmable logic arrays and other
hardware devices, can be constructed to implement one or more of
the methods described herein. Applications that may include the
apparatus and systems of various embodiments can broadly include a
variety of electronic and computer systems. One or more embodiments
described herein may implement functions using two or more specific
interconnected hardware modules or devices with related control and
data signals that can be communicated between and through the
modules, or as portions of an application-specific integrated
circuit. Accordingly, the present system encompasses software,
firmware, and hardware implementations.
[0097] In accordance with various embodiments of the present
disclosure, the methods described herein may be implemented by
software programs executable by a computer system. Further, in an
exemplary, non-limited embodiment, implementations can include
distributed processing, component/object distributed processing,
and parallel processing. Alternatively, virtual computer system
processing can be constructed to implement one or more of the
methods or functionality as described herein.
[0098] A computer-readable medium is contemplated that includes
instructions 1524 or receives and executes instructions 1524
responsive to a propagated signal, so that a device connected to a
network 1526 can communicate voice, video or data over the network
1526. Further, the instructions 1524 may be transmitted or received
over the network 1526 via the network interface device 1520.
[0099] While the computer-readable medium is shown to be a single
medium, the term "computer-readable medium" includes a single
medium or multiple media, such as a centralized or distributed
database, and/or associated caches and servers that store one or
more sets of instructions. The term "computer-readable medium"
shall also include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding
or carrying a set of instructions for execution by a processor or
that cause a computer system to perform any one or more of the
methods or operations disclosed herein.
[0100] The computer-readable medium may include a solid-state
memory such as a memory card or other package that houses one or
more non-volatile read-only memories. Further, the
computer-readable medium may be a random access memory or other
volatile re-writable memory. Additionally, the computer-readable
medium may include a magneto-optical or optical medium, such as a
disk or tapes or other storage device to capture carrier wave
signals such as a signal communicated over a transmission medium. A
digital file attachment to an e-mail or other self-contained
information archive or set of archives may be considered a
distribution medium that is equivalent to a tangible storage
medium. Accordingly, the disclosure is considered to include any
one or more of a computer-readable medium or a distribution medium
and other equivalents and successor media, in which data or
instructions may be stored.
[0101] Although the present specification describes components and
functions that may be implemented in particular embodiments with
reference to particular standards and protocols, the embodiments
are not limited to such standards and protocols. For example,
standards for Internet and other packet switched network
transmission (e.g., TCP/IP, UDP/IP, HTML, HTTP) represent examples
of the state of the art. Such standards are periodically superseded
by faster or more efficient equivalents having essentially the same
functions. Accordingly, replacement standards and protocols having
the same or similar functions as those disclosed herein are
considered equivalents thereof.
[0102] The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are
intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the
various embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as
a complete description of all of the elements and features of
apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods
described herein. Many other embodiments may be apparent to those
of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other
embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such
that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made
without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally,
the illustrations are merely representational and may not be drawn
to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be
exaggerated, while other proportions may be minimized. Accordingly,
the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative
rather than restrictive.
[0103] One or more embodiments of the disclosure may be referred to
herein, individually and/or collectively, by the term "invention"
merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit
the scope of this application to any particular invention or
inventive concept. Moreover, although specific embodiments have
been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated
that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or
similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments
shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent
adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of
the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically
described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art
upon reviewing the description.
[0104] The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided with the
understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the
scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing
Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together or
described in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining
the disclosure. This disclosure is not to be interpreted as
reflecting an intention that the claimed embodiments require more
features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the
following claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed
to less than all of the features of any of the disclosed
embodiments. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the
Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as
defining separately claimed subject matter.
[0105] The above disclosed subject matter is to be considered
illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are
intended to cover all such modifications, enhancements, and other
embodiments, which fall within the true spirit and scope of the
present invention. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the
scope of the present invention is to be determined by the broadest
permissible interpretation of the following claims and their
equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the
foregoing detailed description.
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